Investments | INVESTMENTS (A) Investment Income The major components of net investment income are as follows: Years Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019 (In thousands) Gross investment income: Debt and equity securities $ 309,082 373,479 403,372 Mortgage loans 20,155 13,162 12,595 Policy loans 2,667 3,361 3,539 Short-term investments 293 2,160 2,974 Other investment assets 16,321 12,698 13,057 Total investment income 348,518 404,860 435,537 Less investment expenses 2,762 2,412 3,252 Net investment income (excluding derivatives and trading securities) 345,756 402,448 432,285 Index option derivative gain 120,718 14,754 123,207 Embedded derivative on reinsurance 84,725 — — Trading securities market adjustments 11,331 — — Net investment income $ 562,530 417,202 555,492 (B) Mortgage Loans and Real Estate A financing receivable is a contractual right to receive money on demand or on fixed or determinable dates that is recognized as an asset in a company’s statement of financial position. The Company’s mortgage, participation and mezzanine loans on real estate are the only financing receivables included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. In general, the Company originates loans on high quality, income-producing properties such as shopping centers, freestanding retail stores, office buildings, industrial and sales or service facilities, selected apartment buildings, hotels, and health care facilities. The location of these properties is typically in major metropolitan areas that offer a potential for property value appreciation. Credit and default risk are minimized through strict underwriting guidelines and diversification of underlying property types and geographic locations. In addition to being secured by the property, mortgage loans with leases on the underlying property are often guaranteed by the lease payments. This approach has proven to result in quality mortgage loans with few defaults. Mortgage loan interest income is recognized on an accrual basis with any premium or discount amortized over the life of the loan. Prepayment and late fees are recorded on the date of collection. The Company targets a minimum specified yield on mortgage loan investments determined by reference to currently available debt security instrument yields plus a desired amount of incremental basis points. A low interest rate environment and a competitive marketplace, more recently resulted in fewer loan opportunities being available that met the Company's required rate of return. During 2020, mortgage loan originations were further impeded by the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects upon the commercial real estate market. As stabilization returned to the commercial real estate market, the Company directed resources and effort towards expanding its mortgage loan investment portfolio. Mortgage loans originated by the Company totaled $183.6 million and $80.2 million for the years 2021 and 2020, respectively. Loans in foreclosure, loans considered impaired or loans past due 90 days or more are placed on a non-accrual status. If a mortgage loan is determined to be on non-accrual status, the mortgage loan does not accrue any revenue into the Consolidated Statements of Earnings. The loan is independently monitored and evaluated as to potential impairment or foreclosure. If delinquent payments are made and the loan is brought current, then the Company returns the loan to active status and accrues income accordingly. The Company has no loans past due 90 days which are accruing interest. As a result of the economic climate change induced by the COVID-19 virus, during 2020 various mortgage loan borrowers of the Company requested a temporary forbearance of principal payments on loans in the range of three to nine months. There we re eight loans representing an aggregate principal balance of $29.2 million with borrowers meeting specified criteria of the Com pany that forbearance terms were agreed to. At December 31, 2020, only one of these loans with a principal balance of $4.7 million remained in forbearance. All forbearance loans returned to the terms of the original loan agreements during the first quarter of 2021. Included in the mortgage loan investment balance at December 31, 2021, are three mortgage loan investments made by the reinsurer under the funds withheld reinsurance agreement totaling $8.5 million. Similar to trading debt securities, these loans are reported at fair market values in order to allow the market value fluctuation to be recorded directly in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings and to offset the embedded derivative liability change due to market value fluctuations. The Company held net investments in mortgage loans, after allowances for credit losses, totaling $487.3 million and $332.5 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The diversification of the portfolio by geographic region, property type, and loan-to-value ratio was as follows: December 31, 2021 December 31, 2020 Amount % Amount % (In thousands) (In thousands) Mortgage Loans by Geographic Region: West South Central $ 237,644 48.5 $ 201,501 60.1 East North Central 61,397 12.6 16,478 4.9 South Atlantic 81,847 16.7 51,857 15.5 East South Central 20,069 4.1 27,590 8.2 West North Central 12,213 2.5 12,423 3.7 Pacific 13,800 2.8 6,228 1.9 Middle Atlantic 36,296 7.4 1,975 0.6 Mountain 26,613 5.4 16,955 5.1 Gross balance 489,879 100.0 335,007 100.0 Market value adjustment 412 0.1 — — Allowance for credit losses (2,987) (0.6) (2,486) (0.7) Totals $ 487,304 99.5 $ 332,521 99.3 December 31, 2021 December 31, 2020 Amount % Amount % (In thousands) (In thousands) Mortgage Loans by Property Type: Retail $ 164,895 33.7 $ 92,173 27.5 Office 142,824 29.2 111,735 33.3 Storage facility 73,401 15.0 53,591 16.0 Industrial 34,212 7.0 29,131 8.7 Hotel 23,748 4.8 8,372 2.5 Land/lots 4,597 0.9 4,680 1.4 Apartments 38,920 7.9 29,743 8.9 Residential 1,905 0.4 — — All other 5,377 1.1 5,582 1.7 Gross balance 489,879 100.0 335,007 100.0 Market value adjustment 412 0.1 — — Allowance for credit losses (2,987) (0.6) (2,486) (0.7) Totals $ 487,304 99.5 $ 332,521 99.3 December 31, 2021 December 31, 2020 Amount % Amount % (In thousands) (In thousands) Mortgage Loans by Loan-to-Value Ratio (1): Less than 50% $ 100,806 20.6 $ 66,635 19.9 50% to 60% 128,191 26.2 64,536 19.3 60% to 70% 202,670 41.3 153,414 45.8 70% to 80% 58,212 11.9 50,422 15.0 80% and above — — — — Gross balance 489,879 100.0 335,007 100.0 Market value adjustment 412 0.1 — — Allowance for credit losses (2,987) (0.6) (2,486) (0.7) Totals $ 487,304 99.5 $ 332,521 99.3 (1) Loan-to-Value Ratio is determined using the most recent appraised value. Appraisals are required at the time of funding and may be updated if a material change occurs from the original loan agreement. Market value adjustments are recorded for mortgage loan investments for which the Company has elected to measure the loan at fair value. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the investment manager associated with the funds withheld coinsurance agreement arrangement executed several mortgage loan investments for the funds withheld assets under the reinsurance treaty. The Company has elected fair value measurement for these mortgage loans, which are included in the funds withheld portfolio. All mortgage loans are analyzed quarterly in order to monitor the financial quality of these assets. Based on ongoing monitoring, mortgage loans with a likelihood of becoming delinquent are identified and placed on an internal “watch list.” Among the criteria that would indicate a potential problem include: major tenant vacancies or bankruptcies, late payments, and loan relief/restructuring requests. The mortgage loan portfolio is analyzed for the need for a valuation allowance on any loan that is on the internal watch list, in the process of foreclosure, or that currently has a valuation allowance. Effective January 1, 2020, the Company implemented FASB ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses , which revised the credit loss criteria for certain financial assets. The guidance replaced the existing incurred loss recognition model with an expected loss recognition model ("CECL"). Previously, mortgage loans were considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it was probable that the Company would be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. When it was determined that a loan was impaired, a loss was recognized for the difference between the carrying amount of the mortgage loan and the estimated value reduced by the cost to sell. Estimated value was typically based on the loan's observable market price or the fair value of the collateral less cost to sell. The objective of the CECL model is for the reporting entity to recognize its estimate of current expected credit losses for affected financial assets in a valuation allowance deducted from the amortized cost basis of the related financial assets that results in presenting the net carrying value of financial assets at the amount expected to be collected. For mortgage loan investments the Company employed the Weighted Average Remaining Maturity ("WARM") method in estimating current expected losses with respect to mortgage loan investments as of January 1, 2020 and each succeeding calendar quarter-end thereafter. The WARM method applies publicly available data of default incidence of commercial real estate properties by several defined segmentations combined with future assumptions regarding economic conditions (i.e. GDP forecasts) both in the near term and the long term. Under this new accounting guidance, at January 1, 2020 a balance of $1.2 million was recorded for mortgage loan investments which incorporated the previous year-end balance under the prior accounting method. The adjustment resulted in a charge to retained earnings as a change in accounting, net of tax, of $0.4 million. Subsequent changes in the allowance for current expected credit losses are reported in net investment income in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings. The following table represents the mortgage loan allowance for credit losses. Years Ended December 31, 2021 2020 (In thousands) Mortgage Loans Allowance for Credit Losses: Balance, beginning of the period $ 2,486 675 Impact of adoption of new accounting guidance — 504 Provision during the period 501 1,307 Releases — — Balance, end of period $ 2,987 2,486 The Company does not recognize interest income on loans past due 90 days or more. The Company had no mortgage loans past due six months or more at December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019. There was no interest income not recognized in 2021, 2020 or 2019. The contractual maturities of mortgage loan principal balances at December 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows: December 31, 2021 December 31, 2020 Amount % Amount % (In thousands) (In thousands) Principal Balance by Contractual Maturity: Due in one year or less $ 13,422 2.7 $ 4,208 1.3 Due after one year through five years 127,766 26.1 60,826 18.1 Due after five years through ten years 222,444 45.4 154,787 46.1 Due after ten years through fifteen years 115,313 23.5 107,662 32.1 Due after fifteen years 11,280 2.3 7,977 2.4 Totals $ 490,225 100.0 $ 335,460 100.0 The Company's direct investments in real estate investments are not a significant portion of its total investment portfolio. These investments totaled approximately $28.6 million at December 31, 2021 and $33.8 million at December 31, 2020, and consist primarily of income-producing properties which are being operated by a wholly owned subsidiary of National Western. Included in the amount at December 31, 2020 was a surface parking property owned by Ozark National in Kansas City, Missouri which it contracted out for rent. The value of this real estate investment was appraised at $4.3 million at January 31, 2019 as part of the purchase accounting done as of that date. During 2021, Ozark National sold its home office properties, including the surface parking property. The Company recognized operating income on its direct investments in real estate of approximately $2.9 million, $2.9 million and $2.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company had real estate investments that were non-income producing for the preceding twelve months totaling $0.1 million, $0.4 million, and $0.4 million at December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Net real estate loss for the year ended December 31, 2021 was related to the Ozark National sale of its home office, parking garage and parking lot all located in Kansas City, Missouri at a net realized loss of $1.4 million. Net real estate gains for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $2.7 million, and related to the sale of a property located in Travis County Texas. Included in net realized investment gains during 2019 are the sale of the Company's former home office facility in Austin, Texas at a gain of $3.2 million and the sale of the Company's two nursing home facilities at a net gain of $3.7 million. (C) Debt Securities The table below presents amortized costs and fair values of debt securities available-for-sale at December 31, 2021. Debt Securities Available-for-Sale Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Allowance for Credit Losses (In thousands) Debt securities: U.S. Agencies $ 43,472 1,071 — 44,543 — U.S. Treasury 2,469 21 — 2,490 — States and political subdivisions 479,148 27,733 (921) 505,960 — Foreign governments 62,979 293 (881) 62,391 — Public utilities 745,359 39,919 (309) 784,969 — Corporate 6,322,471 391,287 (12,805) 6,700,953 — Commercial mortgage-backed 27,016 741 — 27,757 — Residential mortgage-backed 530,702 18,921 — 549,623 — Asset-backed 390,634 2,123 (2,497) 390,260 — Totals $ 8,604,250 482,109 (17,413) 9,068,946 — The table below presents amortized costs and fair values of debt securities available-for-sale at December 31, 2020. Debt Securities Available-for-Sale Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value (In thousands) Debt securities: U.S. Agencies $ 72,945 $ 2,496 $ — 75,441 U.S. Treasury 3,152 126 $ — 3,278 States and political subdivisions $ 528,266 37,909 (86) 566,089 Foreign governments 11,115 334 — 11,449 Public utilities 831,990 77,920 — 909,910 Corporate 7,376,104 727,470 (4,601) 8,098,973 Commercial mortgage-backed 30,108 1,363 — 31,471 Residential mortgage-backed 902,974 50,970 (156) 953,788 Asset-backed 117,889 2,635 — 120,524 Totals $ 9,874,543 $ 901,223 $ (4,843) $ 10,770,923 The Company's investment policy is to invest in high quality securities with the primary intention of holding these securities until the stated maturity. As such, the portfolio has exposure to interest rate risk, which is the risk that funds are invested today at a market interest rate and in the future interest rates rise causing the current market price on that investment to be lower. This risk is not a significant factor relative to the Company's buy and hold portfolio, since the intention is to receive the stated interest rate and principal at maturity to match liability requirements to policyholders. The Company manages these risks, for example, by purchasing mortgage-backed securities types that have more predictable cash flow patterns. The Company held below investment grade debt securities totaling $153.0 million and $303.5 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. These amounts represent 1.4% and 2.7% of total invested assets for December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Below investment grade holdings are the result of credit rating downgrades subsequent to purchase, as the Company only invests in high quality securities with ratings quoted as investment grade. Below investment grade securities generally have greater default risk than higher rated corporate debt. The issuers of these securities are usually more sensitive to adverse industry or economic conditions than are investment grade issuers. For the years ended December 31, 2021, December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded net realized gains totaling $15.0 million, $21.1 million and $6.2 million, respectively, related to the disposition of investment securities and real estate. Debt securities balances at December 31, 2021 and 2020 include Ozark National holdings of $823.0 million and $811.6 million in available-for-sale, respectively. As part of the acquisition of Ozark National effective January 31, 2019 the Company employed purchase accounting procedures in accordance with GAAP which revalued the acquired investment portfolio to their fair values as of the date of the acquisition. These fair values became the book values for Ozark National from that point going forward. The following table shows the gross unrealized losses and fair values of the Company's available-for-sale investments by investment category and length of time the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2021. Debt Securities Available-For-Sale Less than 12 Months 12 Months or Greater Total Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses (In thousands) Debt securities: States and political subdivisions $ 38,853 (779) 1,790 (142) 40,643 (921) Foreign governments 31,862 (881) — — 31,862 (881) Public utilities 15,286 (309) — — 15,286 (309) Corporate bonds 541,974 (11,378) 25,319 (1,427) 567,293 (12,805) Asset-backed 188,960 (2,497) — — 188,960 (2,497) Total $ 816,935 (15,844) 27,109 (1,569) 844,044 (17,413) The following table shows the gross unrealized losses and fair values of the Company's available-for-sale investments by investment category, and length of time the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2020. Debt Securities Available-For-Sale Less than 12 Months 12 Months or Greater Total Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized (In thousands) Debt securities: States and political subdivisions $ — — 1,762 (86) 1,762 (86) Public utilities — — — — — — Corporate bonds 174,252 (3,836) 36,152 (765) 210,404 (4,601) Residential mortgage-backed — — 500 (156) 500 (156) Total $ 174,252 (3,836) 38,414 (1,007) 212,666 (4,843) Unrealized losses increased in 2021 from 2020 amounts primarily as a result of an increase in market interest rate levels during 2021. The amortized cost and fair value of investments in debt securities at December 31, 2021, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Debt Securities Available-for-Sale Amortized Cost Fair Value (In thousands) Due in 1 year or less $ 256,576 258,754 Due after 1 year through 5 years 3,198,107 3,353,853 Due after 5 years through 10 years 2,205,479 2,355,857 Due after 10 years 1,995,736 2,132,842 7,655,898 8,101,306 Mortgage and asset-backed securities 948,352 967,640 Total before allowance for credit losses 8,604,250 9,068,946 Allowance for credit losses — — Total $ 8,604,250 9,068,946 The Company uses the specific identification method in computing realized gains and losses. The table below presents realized gains and losses for the periods indicated. Years Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019 (In thousands) Available-for-sale debt securities: Realized gains on disposal $ 16,377 5,677 3,798 Realized losses on disposal (5) — (1,011) Held-to-maturity debt securities: Realized gains on redemption — 12,734 4,390 Realized losses on redemption — (1) — Real estate (1,421) 2,661 6,911 Mortgage loans — — — Other (1) — — Totals $ 14,950 21,071 14,088 Disposals in the held-to-maturity category during the year ended December 31, 2020 represent calls initiated by the credit issuer of the debt security. At year-end 2020, the Company transferred all of its held-to-maturity debt securities to the available-for-sale category as a result of entering into a funds withheld reinsurance agreement effective December 31, 2020. The Company's policy was to initiate disposals of debt securities in the held-to-maturity category only in instances in which the credit status of the issuer came into question and the realization of all or a significant portion of the investment principal of the holding was deemed to be in jeopardy. Except for the total U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities held, the Company had no other investments in any entity in excess of 10.0% of stockholders' equity at December 31, 2021 or 2020. As noted previously in this Note (2), the Company implemented accounting guidance as of January 1, 2020 for expected credit loss recognition of certain financial assets, which included debt securities classified in the held-to-maturity category. The Company employed a cohort cumulative loss rate method in estimating current expected credit losses ("CECL") with respect to its held-to-maturity debt securities. This method applied publicly available industry wide statistics of default incidence by defined segmentations of debt security investments combined with future assumptions regarding economic conditions (i.e. GDP forecasts) both in the near term and the long term. The Company utilized Moody's loss rates by industry type and credit ratings and applied them to each major bond category. These bond categories were further segmented by credit ratings and by maturities of two years and less and more than two years. The following table presents the allowance for credit losses for years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. December 31, 2021 2020 2021 2020 Debt Securities Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities Available-for- Sale (In thousands) Balance, beginning of period $ — — — — Provision January 1, 2020 for adoption of new accounting guidance — 3,334 — — (Releases)/provision during period — (3,334) — — Balance, end of period $ — — — — Since the Company reclassified all held-to-maturity debt securities to available-for-sale as of December 31, 2020, all provisions to the allowance for credit losses in 2020 were released as of the 2020 year-end. The Company determines current expected credit losses for available-for-sale debt securities in accordance with FASB ASC Subtopic 326-30 when fair value is less than amortized cost, interest payments are missed and the security is experiencing credit issues. The Company performed additional analyses on certain available-for-sale securities whose market values were negatively impacted by the change in the economic environment precipitated by the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Based on its reviews, the Company determined none of these investments required an allowance for credit loss at December 31, 2021 or December 31, 2020. Under the previous guidance, debt securities were not considered to be other-than-temporarily impaired when a decline in market value was attributable to factors such as market volatility, liquidity, spread widening and credit quality in which it was anticipated that a recovery of all amounts due under the contractual terms of the security would occur and the Company had the intent and ability to hold the security until recovery or maturity. There was a $7.8 million other-than-temporary impairment recorded on a single debt security during the year ended December 31, 2019. The Company's operating procedures include monitoring the investment portfolio on an ongoing basis for any changes in issuer facts and circumstances that might lead to future need for a credit loss allowance. (D) Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) Net unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities included in stockholders' equity at December 31, 2021 and 2020, are as follows: December 31, 2021 2020 (In thousands) Gross unrealized gains $ 482,109 901,222 Gross unrealized losses (17,413) (4,843) Adjustments for: Deferred policy acquisition costs and sales inducements (178,340) (366,327) Deferred Federal income tax expense (60,135) (111,311) Net unrealized gains on investment securities $ 226,221 418,741 (E) Transfer of Securities In 2020, the Company reassessed its classification of its held-to-maturity portfolio as a result of a funds withheld coinsurance agreement entered into with a third party reinsurer. A portion of the transferred debt securities under the reinsurance agreement were added to a funds withheld account for which the reinsurer would provide investment management services and did not intend to hold the securities until maturity. The Company determined that its continued classification of held-to-maturity debt securities was not appropriate. As a result, the entire portfolio of debt securities held-to-maturity with a fair value of $7.3 billion and amortized value of $6.7 billion were transferred into the available-for-sale portfolio at December 31, 2020. The unrealized gains on securities of $0.6 billion were reclassified into accumulated other comprehensive income at December 31, 2020. There were no transfers in 2021 or 2019 between the held-to-maturity, available-for-sale, or trading portfolios. |