Business, basis of presentation, new accounting standards and summary of significant accounting policies | 1. Business, basis of presentation, new accounting standards and summary of significant accounting policies General NeuroBo Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the “Company), a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries are referred to collectively in these notes to the financial statements of the Company as “NeuroBo,” “we,” “our” and “us.” We are a clinical-stage biotechnology company focused primarily on cardiometabolic diseases. NeuroBo has two programs currently focused on treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (“MASH”) and obesity. MASH was formerly known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”). The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and its European and Latin American counterparts changed the name to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis to reflect the complexity of the disease. ● DA-1241 is a novel G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 119 (“GPR119”) agonist with development optionality as a standalone and/or combination therapy for both MASH and type 2 diabetes. Agonism of GPR119 in the gut promotes the release of key gut peptides GLP-1, GIP, and PYY. These peptides play a further role in glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and weight loss. DA-1241 has beneficial effects on glucose, lipid profile and liver inflammation, supported by potential efficacy demonstrated during in vivo preclinical studies. ● DA-1726 is a novel oxyntomodulin analogue functioning as a GLP-1 receptor (“GLP1R”) and glucagon receptor (“GCGR”) dual agonist for the treatment of obesity that is to be administered once weekly subcutaneously. DA-1726 acts as a dual agonist of GLP1R and GCGR. While we primarily focus our financial resources and management’s attention on the development of DA-1241 and DA-1726, we also have four legacy therapeutic programs designed to impact a range of indications in viral, neurodegenerative and cardiometabolic diseases which we continue to consider for out-licensing and divestiture opportunities . Our operations have consisted principally of performing research and development (“R&D”) activities, preclinical developments, clinical trials, and raising capital. Our activities are subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including failing to secure additional funding before sustainable revenues and profit from operations are achieved. Common stock reverse stock splits In December 2023, we completed a one -for-eight reverse stock split of our common stock (the “2023 Reverse Stock Split”). As a result, every eight shares of our issued and outstanding common stock were combined, converted and changed into one share of our common stock. Any fraction of a share of our common stock that was created as a result of the reverse stock split was rounded down to the next whole share and our stockholders received cash equal to the market value of the fractional share, determined by multiplying such fraction by the closing sales price of our common stock as reported on on the last trading day before the reverse stock split. The 2023 Reverse Stock Split was initially approved by our stockholders at the annual meeting of stockholders in J five eight eight The 2023 Reverse Stock Split did not impact the number of authorized shares of common stock of 100,000,000 shares. For the reverse stock split, a proportionate adjustment was made to the per share exercise price and the number of shares issuable upon the exercise of all outstanding stock options, and warrants to purchase shares of our common stock, the number of shares issuable upon vesting of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and the number of shares reserved for issuance pursuant to our equity incentive compensation plans. Specifically, for the Series A and B warrants issued in November 2022 that were outstanding on the effective date of the 2023 Reverse Stock Split, the number of outstanding warrants did not change; instead, the warrants have an eight In the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and these notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements, all historical numbers of shares of common stock and per share data have been adjusted to give effect to the 2023 Reverse Stock Split. Additionally, since the common stock par value was unchanged, historical amounts for common stock and additional paid-in capital have been adjusted to give effect to the 2023 Reverse Stock Split. Going concern The determination as to whether we can continue as a going concern contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. have been prepared assuming that we will continue as a going concern and do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. This basis of accounting contemplates the recovery of our assets and the satisfaction of our liabilities in the normal course of business. As reflected in the condensed consolidated financial statements, we had $16.0 million in cash as of March 31, 2024. We have experienced net losses and negative cash flows from operating activities since our inception and had an accumulated deficit of $115.0 million as of March 31, 2024. We have incurred a net loss of $6.7 million and used cash of $6.4 million for operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024. Due in large part to the ongoing Phase 2a clinical trial for DA-1241 and Phase 1 clinical trial for DA-1726, we expect to continue to incur net losses and negative cash flows from operating activities for the foreseeable future. These conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. We believe that our existing cash will be sufficient to fund our operations into the fourth quarter of 2024. We plan to continue to fund our operations through a combination of equity offerings, debt financings, or other sources, potentially including collaborations, out-licensing and other similar arrangements. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain any sources of financing on acceptable terms, or at all. To the extent that we can raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience significant dilution. Any debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants that impact our ability to conduct our business. If we are unable to raise additional capital, we may slow down or stop our ongoing and planned clinical trials until such time as additional capital is raised and this may have a material adverse effect on us. A. Basis of presentation We prepared the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Report following the requirements of the United States (“U.S.”) Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim reporting. As permitted under those rules, certain notes or other financial information that are normally required by accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”) for complete financial statements can be condensed or omitted. However, except as disclosed herein, there has been no material change in the information disclosed in the notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 ("2023 Form 10-K"). Revenues, expenses, assets, liabilities, and equities can vary during each quarter of the year. Therefore, the results and trends in these interim financial statements may not be representative of those for the full year. In our opinion, all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the financial statements, which are of a normal and recurring nature, have been made for the interim periods reported. The information included in this Report should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in our 2023 Form 10-K. Certain amounts in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes may not add due to rounding, and all percentages have been calculated using unrounded amounts. B. New accounting standards Adoption of new accounting standards New accounting standards or accounting standards updates were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements or processes. Accounting standards issued but not yet adopted In December 2023, the FASB issued Other recently issued accounting standards not yet adopted by us are not expected, upon adoption, to have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. C. Estimates and assumptions The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates in our consolidated financial statements relate to accrued expenses and the fair value of stock-based compensation and warrants. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Changes in estimates are reflected in reported results in the period in which they become known. D. Significant accounting policies Our significant accounting policies are described in “Note 1. Business, basis of presentation, new accounting standards and summary of significant accounting policies” in the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2023, which is included in our 2023 Form 10-K. |