Segment reporting | 6. Segment reporting Operating segments are based upon the Company’s management reporting structure. The Company’s operating segments are primarily at a country level as this is how the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) assesses performance and makes decisions about resource allocation. This is due to the integrated operations within each country and the ability to reallocate production based on the individual capacity of each plant. Additionally, economic factors that may impact our results of operations, such as currency fluctuations and energy costs, are also assessed at a country level. The Company’s North America reportable segment is the result of the aggregation of the operating segments of the United States and Canada. These operating segments have been aggregated as they have similar long-term economic characteristics and there is similarity of competitive and operating risks and the political environment in the United States and Canada. The Company’s Europe reportable segment is the result of the aggregation of the operating segments of Spain, France and Norway. Similar to our United States and Canada operating segments, our Spain, France and Norway operating segments are grouped together based on the relative similarity of the EBITDA margins, competitive risks, currency risks (i.e. risks relating to the Euro), operating risks and, given they are each part of the European Union and the European Economic Community, the political and economic environment. During 2017, upon further evaluation of the management reporting structure, it was concluded that our reportable segments would be amended to no longer reflect Venezuela as a separate reportable segment. The decision was taken as a result of on-going economic, political and social instability in the region which has resulted in uncertainty surrounding the cash flow generation capacity of our operations. During the year-ended December 31, 2016, due to the uncertainty in Venezuela substantially all assets were impaired. The segment previously recognized ‘Electrometallurgy – Venezuela’ now forms part of our ‘Other segments’. The comparative periods have been restated to conform to the 2018 and 2017 reportable segment presentation. The consolidated income statements at December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, by reportable segment, are as follows: 2018 Electrometallurgy - Electrometallurgy - Electrometallurgy - Adjustments/ North America Europe South Africa Other segments Eliminations (**) Total US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 Sales 710,716 1,447,973 208,543 94,111 (187,305) 2,274,038 Cost of sales (394,044) (1,059,474) (137,177) (43,871) 187,212 (1,447,354) Other operating income 4,943 39,817 3,420 16,859 (19,002) 46,037 Staff costs (115,555) (177,047) (23,735) (24,727) — (341,064) Other operating expense (77,670) (146,143) (26,353) (52,859) 19,095 (283,930) Depreciation and amortization charges, operating allowances and write-downs (69,009) (34,974) (5,526) (9,628) — (119,137) Impairment losses — — — (58,919) — (58,919) Net loss due to changes in the value of assets — (7) (7,616) — — (7,623) (Loss) gain on disposal of non-current assets (208) (8,369) (261) 23,402 — 14,564 Bargain purchase gain — 40,142 — — — 40,142 Operating profit (loss) 59,173 101,918 11,295 (55,632) — 116,754 Finance income 804 11,035 199 32,556 (39,220) 5,374 Finance costs (4,109) (40,831) (5,298) (51,004) 39,220 (62,022) Financial derivative gain — — — 2,838 — 2,838 Exchange differences (1,194) (10,561) 2,284 (4,665) — (14,136) Profit (loss) before tax 54,674 61,561 8,480 (75,907) — 48,808 Income tax (expense) benefit 4,949 (15,048) (3,582) (10,554) — (24,235) Profit (loss) for the year 59,623 46,513 4,898 (86,461) — 24,573 Loss (profit) attributable to non-controlling interests 4,785 (332) 358 14,277 — 19,088 Profit (loss) attributable to the Parent 64,408 46,181 5,256 (72,184) — 43,661 2017 Electrometallurgy - Electrometallurgy - Electrometallurgy - Adjustments/ North America Europe South Africa Other segments Eliminations (**) Total US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 Sales 541,143 1,083,200 122,504 60,199 (65,353) 1,741,693 Cost of sales (303,096) (690,589) (81,744) (33,616) 65,650 (1,043,395) Other operating income 2,701 12,681 2,868 15,619 (15,670) 18,199 Staff costs (90,802) (147,595) (23,495) (39,851) (220) (301,963) Other operating expense (68,537) (107,130) (24,462) (55,955) 16,158 (239,926) Depreciation and amortization charges, operating allowances and write-downs (66,789) (27,404) (5,788) (4,557) 9 (104,529) Impairment losses (30,618) — — (323) (16) (30,957) Net gain due to changes in the value of assets — — 7,222 — 282 7,504 (Loss) gain on disposal of non-current assets (3,718) 301 (138) (818) 57 (4,316) Other (loss) gain — (13,604) — (2,625) 13,616 (2,613) Operating (loss) profit (19,716) 109,860 (3,033) (61,927) 14,513 39,697 Finance income 448 6,733 404 191,261 (195,138) 3,708 Finance costs (4,567) (40,106) (7,361) (48,486) 35,108 (65,412) Financial derivative loss — — — (6,850) — (6,850) Exchange differences (191) 5,938 (1,197) 3,730 (66) 8,214 (Loss) profit before tax (24,026) 82,425 (11,187) 77,728 (145,583) (20,643) Income tax (expense) benefit 29,386 (26,031) 2,068 9,692 (294) 14,821 Profit (loss) for the year 5,360 56,394 (9,119) 87,420 (145,877) (5,822) Loss (profit) attributable to non-controlling interests 4,734 (370) (147) 951 (24) 5,144 Profit (loss) attributable to the Parent 10,094 56,024 (9,266) 88,371 (145,901) (678) 2016 (*) Electrometallurgy - Electrometallurgy - Electrometallurgy - Adjustments/ North America Europe South Africa Other segments Eliminations (**) Total US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 Sales 521,192 949,547 142,160 90,337 (127,199) 1,576,037 Cost of sales (325,254) (672,026) (99,124) (79,912) 132,904 (1,043,412) Other operating income 362 25,908 3,422 4,713 (8,190) 26,215 Staff costs (82,032) (132,440) (23,589) (58,577) 239 (296,399) Other operating expense (64,606) (118,269) (28,834) (37,964) 5,727 (243,946) Depreciation and amortization charges, operating allowances and write-downs (73,530) (31,730) (4,732) (12,818) (2,867) (125,677) Impairment losses (193,000) (1,077) (8,147) (59,248) (6,617) (268,089) Net gain (loss) due to changes in the value of assets — — 1,896 — (5) 1,891 Gain (loss) on disposal of non-current assets — — 21 446 (127) 340 Other (loss) gain — (32,655) — (2,514) 35,129 (40) Operating (loss) profit (216,868) (12,742) (16,927) (155,537) 28,994 (373,080) Finance income 1 11,551 744 6,639 (17,399) 1,536 Finance costs (3,249) (16,540) (6,038) (13,629) 9,205 (30,251) Exchange differences (438) 2,436 (2,164) (3,290) (57) (3,513) (Loss) profit before tax (220,554) (15,295) (24,385) (165,817) 20,743 (405,308) Income tax benefit (expense) 9,982 (10,505) 4,433 40,160 2,625 46,695 (Loss) profit for the year (210,572) (25,800) (19,952) (125,657) 23,368 (358,613) Loss (profit) attributable to non-controlling interests 6,044 (93) 856 11,827 1,552 20,186 (Loss) profit attributable to the Parent (204,528) (25,893) (19,096) (113,830) 24,920 (338,427) (*) (**) The consolidated statements of financial position at December 31, 2018 and 2017, by reportable segment are as follows: 2018 Consolidation Electrometallurgy - Electrometallurgy - Electrometallurgy - Adjustments/ North America Europe South Africa Other segments Eliminations (*) Total US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 Goodwill 202,848 — — — — 202,848 Other intangible assets 22,798 26,476 1,292 1,256 — 51,822 Property, plant and equipment 467,616 219,520 56,679 145,047 — 888,862 Inventories 113,673 288,669 35,944 18,684 — 456,970 Trade and other receivables (**) 267,974 274,291 50,665 834,515 (1,254,935) 172,510 Cash and cash equivalents 76,791 110,523 19,483 9,850 — 216,647 Other 15,341 85,905 8,692 24,220 — 134,158 Total assets 1,167,041 1,005,384 172,755 1,033,572 (1,254,935) 2,123,817 Equity 646,851 206,781 58,294 (27,554) — 884,372 Provisions 29,644 71,163 7,889 7,661 — 116,357 Bank borrowings — 6,914 — 134,098 — 141,012 Obligations under finance leases 1,466 — — 65,005 — 66,471 Debt instruments — — — 352,594 — 352,594 Other financial liabilities — 3,841 — 81,471 — 85,312 Trade and other payables (***) 414,022 662,667 93,970 379,468 (1,282,176) 267,951 Other 75,058 54,018 12,602 40,829 27,241 209,748 Total equity and liabilities 1,167,041 1,005,384 172,755 1,033,572 (1,254,935) 2,123,817 2017 Consolidation Electrometallurgy - Electrometallurgy - Electrometallurgy - Adjustments/ North America Europe South Africa Other segments Eliminations (*) Total US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 Goodwill 205,287 — — — — 205,287 Other intangible assets 26,724 20,381 1,505 10,048 — 58,658 Property, plant and equipment 512,003 167,314 64,331 174,326 — 917,974 Inventories 100,856 204,240 42,478 13,657 — 361,231 Trade and other receivables (**) 165,006 260,612 35,330 833,243 (1,175,756) 118,435 Cash and cash equivalents 10,886 153,967 6,912 12,707 — 184,472 Other 36,554 92,322 41,008 29,528 (45,212) 154,200 Total assets 1,057,316 898,836 191,564 1,073,509 (1,220,968) 2,000,257 Equity 521,819 198,059 62,933 154,947 — 937,758 Provisions 28,602 56,654 11,080 19,156 — 115,492 Bank borrowings — — — 1,003 — 1,003 Obligations under finance leases 1,994 — — 80,639 — 82,633 Debt instruments — — — 350,270 — 350,270 Other financial liabilities — 4,918 — 132,513 — 137,431 Trade and other payables (***) 321,710 584,542 95,082 380,834 (1,176,336) 205,832 Other 183,191 54,663 22,469 (45,853) (44,632) 169,838 Total equity and liabilities 1,057,316 898,836 191,564 1,073,509 (1,220,968) 2,000,257 (*) These amounts correspond to balances between segments that are eliminated at consolidation . (**) Trade and other receivables includes non-current and current receivables from group and related parties. (***) Trade and other payables includes non-current and current payables from group and related parties. Other disclosures Sales by product line Sales by product line are as follows: 2018 2017 2016 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 Silicon metal 933,366 739,618 751,508 Manganese-based alloys 527,757 363,644 223,451 Ferrosilicon 359,374 266,862 242,788 Other silicon-based alloys 215,697 188,183 173,901 Silica fume 37,061 36,338 37,480 Energy 44,185 16,661 20,380 Other 156,598 130,387 126,529 Total 2,274,038 1,741,693 1,576,037 Information about major customers Total sales of $758,894 thousand, $820,897 thousand, and $656,907 thousand were attributable to the Company’s top ten customers in 2018, 2017, and 2016 respectively. During 2018, there was no single customer representing greater than 10% of the Company’s sales. During 2017 and 2016, sales corresponding to Dow Corning Corporation represented 12.2% and 13.7% of the Company’s sales, respectively. Sales to Dow Corning Corporation are included partially in the Electrometallurgy - North America segment and partially in the Electrometallurgy - Europe segment. |