Segment reporting | 6. Segment reporting Operating segments are based upon the Company’s management reporting structure. During 2021, the Company has revised its operating segments to reflect the way its Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) is currently managing the business. Our revised organizational structure includes the following six operating segments: ● Canada – Silicon Metals ● US – Silicon Metals & Silicon Alloys ● Europe – Manganese Alloys ● Europe – Silicon Metals & Silicon Alloys, and ● South Africa – Silicon Alloys ● Other segments The operating segments described above are those components whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the entity’s Chief Operating Decision Maker to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance, and for which discrete financial information is available. This is due to the integrated operations within each region and product family and the ability to reallocate production based on the individual capacity of each plant. Additionally, economic factors that may impact our results of operations, such as currency fluctuations and energy costs, are also assessed at a region and product level. The Company’s North America- Silicon reportable segment is the result of the aggregation of the operating segments of the United States and Canada Silicon Metals & Silicon Alloys. These operating segments have been aggregated as they have similar long-term economic characteristics and there is similarity of competitive and operating risks and the political environment in the United States and Canada. The Europe-Silicon, the Europe -Manganese and South Africa – Silicon reportable segments are equal to each related Operating segment. All other segments that do not meet the quantitative threshold for separate reporting have been grouped as “Other segments”. The consolidated income statements at December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, by reportable segment, are as follows: 2021 North America Europe Europe South Africa Adjustments/ Silicon Manganese Silicon Silicon Other segments Eliminations (**) Total US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 Sales 524,808 476,287 665,337 117,195 43,568 (48,287) 1,778,908 Raw materials and energy consumption for production (323,316) (326,257) (473,884) (76,617) (33,445) 48,623 (1,184,896) Other operating income 5,385 34,142 65,752 763 49,901 (45,858) 110,085 Staff costs (82,463) (33,696) (120,287) (13,268) (31,203) — (280,917) Other operating expense (43,070) (105,290) (128,755) (13,256) (51,960) 45,522 (296,809) Depreciation and amortization charges, operating allowances and write-downs (55,770) (18,634) (16,852) (5,081) (991) — (97,328) Impairment (loss) gain — (376) (441) 2,684 (1,730) — 137 Net gain due to changes in the value of assets — — — — 758 — 758 (Loss) gain on disposal of non-current assets 394 — 1,029 — (37) — 1,386 Other (loss) gain — — (1) — 63 — 62 Operating (loss) profit 25,968 26,176 (8,102) 12,420 (25,076) — 31,386 Finance income 258 8,516 2,540 244 31,303 (42,608) 253 Finance costs (1,063) (25,544) (7,162) (5,693) (152,335) 42,608 (149,189) Exchange differences 807 2,160 (263) 135 (5,225) — (2,386) (Loss) Profit before tax 25,970 11,308 (12,987) 7,106 (151,333) — (119,936) Income tax (expense) benefit (5,331) (3,674) 7,463 (692) 6,796 — 4,562 (Loss) profit for the year 20,639 7,634 (5,524) 6,414 (144,537) — (115,374) Attributable to the Parent 24,755 7,634 (5,509) 6,821 (144,325) — (110,624) Attributable to non-controlling interests (4,116) — (15) (407) (212) — (4,750) (**) The amounts correspond to transactions between segments that are eliminated in the consolidation process. 2020(*) North America Europe Europe South Africa Adjustments/ Silicon Manganese Silicon Silicon Other segments Eliminations (**) Total US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 Sales 425,277 240,142 467,728 80,572 25,334 (94,619) 1,144,434 Raw materials and energy consumption for production (280,858) (204,063) (369,130) (56,062) (19,518) 94,145 (835,486) Other operating income 2,916 9,199 25,049 131 24,587 (28,255) 33,627 Staff costs (73,988) (28,337) (84,300) (11,013) (17,144) — (214,782) Other operating expense (34,315) (33,884) (51,812) (14,098) (26,679) 28,729 (132,059) Depreciation and amortization charges, operating allowances and write-downs (61,664) (19,086) (19,252) (7,141) (1,046) — (108,189) Impairment (loss) gain (35,685) 305 (17,941) (8,677) (11,346) — (73,344) Net gain due to changes in the value of assets — — — — 158 — 158 (Loss) gain on disposal of non-current assets (869) 1,154 1,002 — 5 — 1,292 Other (loss) gain — 4 — — (5) — (1) Operating (loss) (59,186) (34,566) (48,656) (16,288) (25,654) — (184,350) Finance income 679 7,122 2,338 90 11,220 (21,272) 177 Finance costs (857) (22,267) (10,325) (3,796) (50,995) 21,272 (66,968) Financial derivative gain — — — — 3,168 — 3,168 Exchange differences (485) (3,508) (1,226) (1,405) 32,177 — 25,553 (Loss) before tax (59,849) (53,219) (57,869) (21,399) (30,084) — (222,420) Income tax (expense) benefit 14,213 (19,797) (14,446) (1,049) (860) — (21,939) (Loss) for the year from continuing operations (45,636) (73,016) (72,315) (22,448) (30,944) — (244,359) (Loss) for the year from discontinued operations — (5,399) — — — (5,399) (Loss) for the year (45,636) (78,415) (72,315) (22,448) (30,944) — (249,758) Attributable to the Parent (42,603) (79,482) (71,243) (22,206) (30,805) — (246,339) Attributable to non-controlling interests (3,033) — (5) (242) (139) — (3,419) (*) Our operating segments have been revised in 2021 to reflect the way its chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is currently managing and viewing the business. Accordingly, the results of 2020 and 2019 have been restated to report results according to the operating segments revised in 2021. (**) The amounts correspond to transactions between segments that are eliminated in the consolidation process. 2019(*) North America Europe Europe South Africa Adjustments/ Silicon Manganese Silicon Silicon Other segments Eliminations (**) Total US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 Sales 551,500 564,060 593,907 136,292 43,147 (273,684) 1,615,222 Raw materials and energy consumption for production (366,711) (502,919) (474,993) (108,823) (35,939) 274,988 (1,214,397) Other operating income 10,418 12,828 39,001 1,323 27,144 (36,501) 54,213 Staff costs (87,954) (32,133) (106,681) (20,333) (37,928) — (285,029) Other operating expense (60,105) (64,851) (83,917) (19,457) (32,572) 35,197 (225,705) Depreciation and amortization charges, operating allowances and write-downs (72,251) (19,904) (19,667) (6,459) (1,913) — (120,194) Impairment (loss) gain (174,013) 12 (1) — (1,897) — (175,899) Net (loss) due to changes in the value of assets — — — (530) (1,044) — (1,574) (Loss) gain on disposal of non-current assets (1,601) — 181 — (803) — (2,223) Operating (loss) (200,717) (42,907) (52,170) (17,987) (41,805) — (355,586) Finance income 529 8,999 2,074 156 17,690 (28,068) 1,380 Finance costs (3,914) (19,722) (5,626) (4,507) (57,524) 28,068 (63,225) Financial derivative gain — — — — 2,729 — 2,729 Exchange differences (407) 2,812 1,161 (1,179) 497 — 2,884 (Loss) before tax (204,509) (50,818) (54,561) (23,517) (78,413) — (411,818) Income tax benefit (expense) 8,520 9,258 12,782 7,761 3,220 — 41,541 (Loss) for the year from continuing operations (195,989) (41,560) (41,779) (15,756) (75,193) — (370,277) Profit for the year from discontinued operations — — 3,280 — 81,357 — 84,637 Profit (loss) for the year (195,989) (41,560) (38,499) (15,756) 6,164 — (285,640) Attributable to the Parent (190,866) (41,560) (38,499) (16,124) 6,448 — (280,601) Attributable to non-controlling interests (5,123) — — 368 (284) — (5,039) (*) Our operating segments have been revised in 2021 to reflect the way its chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is currently managing and viewing the business. Accordingly, the results of 2020 and 2019 have been restated to report results according to the operating segments revised in 2021. (**) The amounts correspond to transactions between segments that are eliminated in the consolidation process. The consolidated statements of financial position at December 31, 2021 and 2020, by reportable segment are as follows: 2021 Consolidation North America Europe Europe South Africa Adjustments/ Silicon Manganese Silicon Silicon Other segments Eliminations (*) Total US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 Goodwill 29,702 — — — — — 29,702 Other intangible assets 4,015 40,318 54,463 1,165 681 — 100,642 Property, plant and equipment 324,210 69,283 87,547 35,830 38,044 — 554,914 Inventories 56,318 77,425 121,813 21,008 13,233 — 289,797 Trade and other receivables (**) 867,128 487,731 319,805 51,734 1,233,809 (2,574,594) 385,613 Cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents 61,032 32,139 10,660 6,787 6,045 — 116,663 Other (4,420) 3,810 18,018 1,909 26,690 — 46,007 Total assets 1,337,985 710,706 612,306 118,433 1,318,502 (2,574,594) 1,523,338 Equity 438,915 86,234 150,320 21,048 (376,486) — 320,031 Provisions 21,458 42,428 128,144 6,163 390 — 198,583 Bank borrowings — 29,972 67,749 — 1,246 — 98,967 Obligations under finance leases 6,334 11,457 — 24 543 — 18,358 Debt instruments — — — — 440,297 — 440,297 Other financial liabilities 4,033 153 — — 62,827 — 67,013 Trade and other payables (***) 813,676 550,695 186,493 87,687 1,195,016 (2,618,022) 215,545 Other 53,569 (10,233) 79,600 3,511 (5,331) 43,428 164,544 Total equity and liabilities 1,337,985 710,706 612,306 118,433 1,318,502 (2,574,594) 1,523,338 2020(*) Consolidation North America Europe Europe South Africa Adjustments/ Silicon Manganese Silicon Silicon Other segments Eliminations (**) Total US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 Goodwill 29,702 — — — — — 29,702 Other intangible assets 14,604 1,790 1,841 1,265 1,256 — 20,756 Property, plant and equipment 353,145 88,883 101,391 37,526 39,089 — 620,034 Inventories 63,765 62,243 90,434 20,375 9,732 — 246,549 Trade and other receivables (***) 609,456 413,115 280,519 43,121 1,001,306 (2,099,725) 247,792 Cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents 48,127 34,335 13,684 2,777 32,634 — 131,557 Other (37,007) 14,546 16,267 9,808 47,141 — 50,755 Total assets 1,081,792 614,912 504,136 114,872 1,131,158 (2,099,725) 1,347,145 Equity 412,729 13,998 169,850 17,856 (248,714) — 365,719 Provisions 33,812 45,609 74,804 5,956 3,602 — 163,783 Bank borrowings — 23,216 56,905 — 27,486 — 107,607 Obligations under finance leases 4,260 17,403 — 318 555 — 22,536 Debt instruments — — — — 357,508 — 357,508 Other financial liabilities 3,140 331 — — 60,425 — 63,896 Trade and other payables (****) 615,690 500,813 183,123 78,807 915,381 (2,141,417) 152,397 Other 12,161 13,543 19,453 11,935 14,915 41,692 113,699 Total equity and liabilities 1,081,792 614,913 504,135 114,872 1,131,158 (2,099,725) 1,347,145 (*) Our operating segments have been revised in 2021 to reflect the way its chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is currently managing and viewing the business. Accordingly, the results of 2020 have been restated to report results according to the operating segments revised in 2021. (**) These amounts correspond to balances between segments that are eliminated at consolidation . (***) Trade and other receivables includes non-current and current receivables from group that eliminated in the consolidated process. (****) Trade and other payables includes non-current and current payables from group that are eliminated in the consolidated process. Other disclosures Sales by product line Sales by product line are as follows: 2021 2020 2019 US$'000 US$'000 US$'000 Silicon metal 637,695 463,217 539,872 Manganese-based alloys 469,138 267,469 447,311 Ferrosilicon 337,833 176,447 275,368 Other silicon-based alloys 161,750 126,817 181,736 Silica fume 32,409 25,888 33,540 Other 140,083 84,596 137,395 Total 1,778,908 1,144,434 1,615,222 Information about major customers Total sales of $870,039 thousand, $580,570 thousand, and $643,689 thousand were attributable to the Company’s top ten customers in 2021, 2020, and 2019 respectively. During 2021 and 2020, sales corresponding to Dow Silicones Corporation represented 12.2% and 13.2% respectively of the Company’s sales. Sales to Dow Silicones Corporation are included partially in the North America - Silicon segment and partially in the Europe - Silicon segment. During 2019, there was no single customer representing greater than 10% of the Company’s sales. Capital expenditures by reporting segment Year Ended December 31, 2021 2020 2019 US$´000 US$´000 US$´000 North America - Silicon 15,579 17,420 7,226 Europe Silicon 4,328 1,334 11,001 Europe Manganese 6,947 4,034 5,146 South Africa Silicon 3,611 2,308 3,492 Other Segments 2,944 1,963 7,175 Total 33,409 27,059 34,040 Non current assets by geographical area The non-current assets (as defined in IFRS 8) attributable to the country of domicile and all foreign countries of operation are as follows: Year ended December 31, 2021 2020 US$´000 US$´000 United States of America 230,356 227,539 Europe Spain 146,405 145,019 France 138,842 90,543 Other EU Countries 71,612 72,313 Total non-current assets in Europe 356,859 307,875 Rest of the World 124,839 154,493 Total 712,054 689,907 |