Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Unaudited Interim Financial Information The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2020 was derived from audited consolidated financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2021 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 have been prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim financial statements. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. Therefore, these condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2020 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in these condensed consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, revenue recognition and collectability of accounts receivable, the expensing and capitalization of website and software development costs, goodwill and acquired intangible assets, commissions receivable, the contingent consideration liabilities, the valuation of stock-based awards and income taxes. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience, known trends and other market-specific or other relevant factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates, as there are changes in circumstances, facts and experience. Changes in estimates are recorded in periods in which they become known. Actual results may differ from those estimates or assumptions. Due to the COVID-19 Concentrations of Credit Risk and of Significant Customers Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts and commissions receivable. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents at accredited financial institutions. The Company does not believe that it is subject to unusual credit risk beyond the normal credit risk associated with commercial banking relationships. The Company sells its consumer referrals to insurance provider customers, consisting of carriers and agents, and indirect distributors in the United States. For the three months ended September 30, 2021, one customer represented 17% of total revenue. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, one customer represented 18% of total revenue. For the three months ended September 30, 2020, one customer represented 26% of total revenue. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, one customer represented 23% of total revenue. As of September 30, 2021, one customer accounted for 15% of the total accounts and commissions receivable balances. As of December 31, 2020 , one customer accounted for 10% of the total accounts and commissions receivable balances. Fair Value Measurements Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable: • Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. • Level 2—Observable inputs (other than Level 1 quoted prices), such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. • Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques. The Company’s cash equivalents and contingent consideration liabilities are carried at fair value, determined according to the fair value hierarchy described above (see Note 4). The carrying values of the Company’s accounts receivable, commissions receivable and commissions payable, accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these assets and liabilities. Restricted Cash As of both September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, restricted cash consisted of $0.3 million deposited in a separate restricted bank account as a security deposit for the Company’s corporate credit cards. Restricted cash accounts are classified within other assets. Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as of December 31, 2020 as shown in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows of $43.1 million includes cash and cash equivalents of $42.9 million and restricted cash of $0.3 million. Accounts Receivable The Company provides credit to customers in the ordinary course of business and believes its credit policies are prudent and reflect industry practices and business risk. The Company monitors economic conditions to identify facts or circumstances that may indicate that its receivables are at risk of collection. The Company provides reserves against accounts receivable for estimated losses, if any, that may result from a customer’s inability to pay based on the composition of its accounts receivable, current economic conditions, and historical credit loss activity. Amounts determined to be uncollectible are charged or written-off Commissions Receivable Commissions receivable are contract assets that represent estimated variable consideration for commissions to be received from insurance carriers for performance obligations that have been satisfied. The current portion of commissions receivable (included within prepaid expenses and other current assets) are estimated commissions expected to be received within one year, while the non-current portion (non-current)) While the Company is exposed to credit losses due to the non-payment Commissions Payable Commissions payable represent the estimated share of policy commissions earned by the Company’s agents. The current portion of commissions payable (included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities) are estimated commissions expected to be paid within one year, while the non-current portion Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets The Company records goodwill when consideration paid in a business acquisition exceeds the value of the net assets acquired. The Company’s estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable at that time but that are inherently uncertain and unpredictable. Assumptions may be incomplete or inaccurate, and unanticipated events or circumstances may occur, which may affect the accuracy or validity of such assumptions, estimates or actual results. During the measurement period, which extends no later than one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record certain adjustments to the carrying value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. After the measurement period, all adjustments are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as operating expenses or income. Goodwill is not amortized, but rather is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently if facts and circumstances warrant a review, such as significant underperformance of the business in relation to expectations, significant negative industry or economic trends and significant changes or planned changes in the use of the assets. The Company assesses both the existence of potential impairment and the amount of impairment loss by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. Intangible assets are recorded at their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. The Company amortizes acquired intangible assets over their estimated useful lives based on the pattern of consumption of the economic benefits or, if that pattern cannot be readily determined, on a straight-line basis. Revenue Recognition The Company derives its revenue by selling consumer referrals to its insurance provider customers, including insurance carriers, agents and indirect distributors. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines are within the scope of the revenue standard, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when collectability of the consideration to which the Company is entitled in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer is determined to be probable. Amounts are recorded as accounts receivable when the Company’s right to consideration is unconditional. The Company does not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if the expectation at contract inception is that the period between payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised goods or services to the customer will be one year or less. The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies its performance obligations by delivering the referrals to its customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which it expects to be entitled in exchange for those referrals. The Company presents disaggregated revenue from contracts with customers by distribution channel as the distribution channel impacts the nature and amount of the Company’s revenue and by vertical market segment. Total revenue is comprised of revenue from the following distribution channels: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 2020 2021 2020 Direct channels 89 % 93 % 90 % 93 % Indirect channels 11 % 7 % 10 % 7 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % Total revenue is comprised of revenue from the following insurance verticals (in thousands): Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 2020 2021 2020 Automotive $ 89,666 $ 74,779 $ 260,505 $ 207,014 Other 17,897 15,198 55,943 42,629 Total Revenue $ 107,563 $ 89,977 $ 316,448 $ 249,643 The Company has elected to apply the practical expedient in ASC 606 to expense incremental direct costs of obtaining a contract, consisting of sales commissions, as incurred as the expected period of benefit of the sales commissions is one year or less. At September 30, 2021, the Company had not capitalized any costs to obtain its contracts. Amounts received prior to satisfying the revenue recognition criteria are recorded as deferred revenue in the accompanying balance sheets. Amounts expected to be recognized as revenue within 12 months of the balance sheet date are classified as current deferred revenue. Deferred revenue was $1.9 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recognized revenue of $1.4 million that was included in the contract liability balance (deferred revenue) at December 31, 2020. The Company recognizes deferred revenue by first allocating from the beginning deferred revenue balance to the extent that the beginning deferred revenue balance exceeds the revenue to be recognized. Billings during the period are added to the deferred revenue balance to be recognized in future periods. Advertising Expense Advertising expense consists of variable costs that are related to attracting consumers to the Company’s marketplace and generating consumer quote requests, and promoting its marketplace to insurance carriers and agents. The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred and such costs are included in sales and marketing expense in the accompanying statements of operations and comprehensive loss. During the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, advertising expense totaled $75.2 million and $60.5 million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, advertising expense totaled $219.8 million and $172.9 million, respectively. Net Income (Loss) per Share Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Diluted net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period, including potential dilutive common shares assuming the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and unvested restricted stock units. For periods in which the Company reported a net loss, diluted net loss per common share is the same as basic net loss per common share, since dilutive common shares are not assumed to have been issued if their effect is anti-dilutive. The Company excluded the following potential common shares, presented based on amounts outstanding at each period end, from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods indicated because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect: September 30, 2021 2020 Options to purchase common stock 1,708,947 2,773,222 Unvested restricted stock units 2,796,380 3,646,253 4,505,327 6,419,475 The table above does not include shares issuable upon settlement of contingent consideration for the Company’s Crosspointe and PolicyFuel acquisitions (see Note 3). Such shares are also not included in the Company’s calculation of basic or diluted net loss per common share. The Company has two classes of common stock outstanding: Class A common stock and Class B common stock. As more fully described in Note 8, the rights of the holders of Class A and Class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting and conversion. Each share of Class B common stock is convertible into one share of Class A common stock at the option of the holder at any time. The Company allocates undistributed earnings attributable to common stock between the common stock classes on a one-to-one a Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, |