LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | 6. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES The loan portfolio balances, net of unearned income and fees, consist of various types of loans primarily all made to borrowers located within Texas and are classified by major type as follows: December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and industrial $ 667,079 $ 689,360 Mortgage warehouse — 8,304 Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) 569,901 — Real estate: Commercial real estate (including multi-family residential) 1,999,877 1,873,782 Commercial real estate construction and land development 367,213 410,471 1-4 family residential (including home equity) 737,605 698,957 Residential construction 127,522 192,515 Consumer and other 22,567 41,921 Total loans 4,491,764 3,915,310 Allowance for credit losses on loans (53,173 ) (29,438 ) Loans, net $ 4,438,591 $ 3,885,872 Loan Origination/Risk Management The Company has certain lending policies and procedures in place that are designed to maximize loan income within an acceptable level of risk. The Company maintains an independent loan review department that reviews and validates the credit risk program on a periodic basis. In addition, an independent third party loan review is performed on a semi-annual basis. In connection with the reviews of the loan portfolio, the Company considers risk elements attributable to particular loan types or categories in assessing the quality of individual loans. Some of the risk elements include: (i) Commercial and Industrial Loans. (ii) Commercial Real Estate. The Company’s nonowner-occupied and multi-family commercial real estate lending typically involves higher loan principal amounts and the repayment of these loans is generally dependent on sufficient income from the properties securing the loans to cover operating expenses and debt service. The Company generally requires the borrower to have had an existing relationship with the Company and have a proven record of success. In addition, these loans are generally guaranteed by individual owners of the borrower and have typically lower loan to value ratios. Loans secured by owner-occupied properties represented 54.6% of the outstanding principal balance of the Company’s commercial real estate loans at December 31, 2020. The Company is dependent on the cash flows of the business occupying the property and its owners and requires these loans generally to be secured by property with adequate margins and guaranteed by the individual owners. The Company’s owner-occupied commercial real estate loans collateralized by first liens on real estate typically have fixed interest rates and amortize over a 10 to 20 year period. Commercial real estate loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and secondarily as loans secured by real estate. Credit risk in these loans may be impacted by the creditworthiness of a borrower, property values and the local economies in the Company’s region. (iii) Construction and Land Development Loans. have floating interest rates. Construction and land development real estate loans are usually based upon estimates of costs and estimated value of the completed project and include independent appraisal reviews and a financial analysis of the developers and property owners. The Company generally conducts periodic inspections, either directly or through an agent, prior to approval of periodic draws on these loans. Underwriting guidelines similar to those described above are also used in the Company’s construction lending activities. The Company may be required to fund additional amounts to complete a project and may have to hold the property for an indeterminate period of time. Sources of repayment of these loans may include permanent loans, sales of developed property or an interim loan commitment from the Company until permanent financing is obtained. These loans are considered to be higher risk than other real estate loans due to their ultimate repayment being sensitive to interest rate changes, general economic conditions and the availability of long-term financing. Credit risk in these loans may be impacted by the creditworthiness of a borrower, property values and the local economies in the Company’s region . (iv) Residential Real Estate Loans. (v) Consumer and Other Loans. In addition, for each category, the Company considers secondary sources of income and the financial strength and credit history of the borrower and any guarantors. Acquired Loans The carrying amount of PCI loans included in the consolidated balance sheet and the related outstanding balance owed at December 31, 2019 are presented in the table below (dollars in thousands): As of December 31, 2019 Outstanding balance $ 16,589 Less: Discount (2,414 ) Less: Allowance (259 ) Recorded investment $ 13,916 Changes in the accretable yield for PCI loans for the year ended December 31, 2019 were deemed immaterial. Non-PCI Loans The recorded investment of Non-PCI loans included in the consolidated balance sheet and the related outstanding balance owed are presented in the table below (dollars in thousands). As of December 31, 2019 Outstanding balance $ 672,927 Less: Discount (3,069 ) Recorded investment $ 669,858 Changes in the discount accretion for Non-PCI loans were as follows (dollars in thousands): As of December 31, 2019 Balance at beginning of period $ 10,650 Additions 573 Accretion (8,154 ) Balance at end of period $ 3,069 Concentrations of Credit The vast majority of the Company’s lending activity occurs in and around the Houston, Texas area. The Company’s loans are primarily loans secured by real estate, including commercial and residential construction, owner-occupied and nonowner-occupied and multi-family commercial real estate, raw land and other real estate based loans. Related Party Loans As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, loans outstanding to directors, officers and their affiliates totaled $1.2 million and $6.8 million, respectively. An analysis of activity with respect to these related-party loans is as follows: 2020 (Dollars in thousands) Beginning balance on January 1 $ 6,782 New loans and reclassified related loans 90 Repayments and reclassified related loans (5,689 ) Ending balance on December 31 $ 1,183 Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans An aging analysis of the recorded investment in past due loans, segregated by class of loans, is included below. For purposes of this and future disclosures recorded investment has been defined as the outstanding loan balances including net deferred loan fees, and excluding accrued interest receivable of $34.5 million and $15.5 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, due to immateriality. December 31, 2020 Loans Past Due and Still Accruing 30-89 90 or More Total Past Nonaccrual Current Total Days Days Due Loans Loans Loans Loans (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and industrial $ 2,486 $ — $ 2,486 $ 10,747 $ 653,846 $ 667,079 Mortgage warehouse — — — — — — Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) — — — — 569,901 569,901 Real estate: Commercial real estate (including multi-family residential) 3,063 — 3,063 10,081 1,986,733 1,999,877 Commercial real estate construction and land development 2,930 — 2,930 3,011 361,272 367,213 1-4 family residential (including home equity) 3,000 — 3,000 4,525 730,080 737,605 Residential construction — — — — 127,522 127,522 Consumer and other 46 — 46 529 21,992 22,567 Total loans $ 11,525 $ — $ 11,525 $ 28,893 $ 4,451,346 $ 4,491,764 December 31, 2019 Loans Past Due and Still Accruing 30-89 90 or More Total Past Nonaccrual Current Total Days Days Due Loans Loans Loans Loans (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and industrial $ 3,098 $ — $ 3,098 $ 8,388 $ 677,874 $ 689,360 Mortgage warehouse — — — — 8,304 8,304 Real estate: Commercial real estate (including multi-family residential) 4,421 — 4,421 6,741 1,862,620 1,873,782 Commercial real estate construction and land development 66 — 66 9,050 401,355 410,471 1-4 family residential (including home equity) 1,598 — 1,598 3,294 694,065 698,957 Residential construction 564 — 564 746 191,205 192,515 Consumer and other 254 — 254 152 41,515 41,921 Total loans $ 10,001 $ — $ 10,001 $ 28,371 $ 3,876,938 $ 3,915,310 If interest on nonaccrual loans had been accrued under the original loan terms, approximately $902.5 thousand and $1.2 million would have been recorded as income for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Credit Quality Indicators The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt. The Company utilizes a risk rating matrix to assign a risk rating to each of its loans. Loans are rated on a scale of 1 to 9. Risk ratings are updated on an ongoing basis and are subject to change by continuous loan monitoring processes including lending management monitoring, executive management and board committee oversight, and independent credit review. including trends related to (i) the weighted-average risk The following is a general description of the risk ratings used: Watch —Loans classified as watch loans may still be of high quality, but have an element of risk added to the credit such as declining payment history, deteriorating financial position of the borrower or a decrease in collateral value. Special Mention —Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Substandard —Loans classified as substandard have well-defined weaknesses on a continuing basis and are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower, declining collateral values, or a continuing downturn in their industry which is reducing their profits to below zero and having a significantly negative impact on their cash flow. These loans so classified are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful —Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loss — Loans classified as loss are to be charged-off or charged-down when payment is acknowledged to be uncertain or when the timing or value of payments cannot be determined. “Loss” is not intended to imply that the loan or some portion of it will never be paid, nor does it in any way imply that there has been a forgiveness of debt. The following table presents risk ratings by category of loan as of December 31, 2020 and 2019: As of December 31, 2020 As of December 31, 2019 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Total Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and industrial Pass $ 149,522 $ 81,526 $ 46,909 $ 17,610 $ 20,955 $ 6,951 $ 239,045 $ — $ 562,518 $ 637,388 Watch 12,755 6,956 6,600 2,436 1,446 1,067 9,766 — 41,026 14,797 Special Mention 758 2,746 3,740 1,860 2,756 — 13,150 — 25,010 10,871 Substandard 12,650 4,272 3,798 7,043 2,577 99 7,946 — 38,385 26,226 Doubtful 69 71 — — — — — — 140 78 Total commercial and industrial loans $ 175,754 $ 95,571 $ 61,047 $ 28,949 $ 27,734 $ 8,117 $ 269,907 $ — $ 667,079 $ 689,360 Mortgage warehouse Pass $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 8,304 Watch — — — — — — — — — — Special Mention — — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — — — Total mortgage warehouse loans $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 8,304 Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) Pass $ 569,901 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 569,901 $ — Watch — — — — — — — — — — Special Mention — — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — — — Total PPP loans $ 569,901 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 569,901 $ — Commercial real estate (including multi-family residential) Pass $ 587,089 $ 321,020 $ 220,554 $ 221,147 $ 156,671 $ 75,353 $ 47,189 $ — $ 1,629,023 $ 1,760,476 Watch 27,851 45,009 23,492 32,567 24,051 23,531 1,150 — 177,651 56,367 Special Mention 10,931 16,452 9,940 12,128 3,243 14,482 1,100 — 68,276 11,974 Substandard 17,391 27,265 18,926 20,688 27,595 10,896 2,166 — 124,927 44,965 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — — Total commercial real estate (including multi-family residential) loans $ 643,262 $ 409,746 $ 272,912 $ 286,530 $ 211,560 $ 124,262 $ 51,605 $ — $ 1,999,877 $ 1,873,782 Commercial real estate construction and land development Pass $ 172,389 $ 77,535 $ 31,392 $ 16,712 $ 5,098 $ 2,036 $ 14,971 $ — $ 320,133 $ 385,832 Watch 12,801 2,943 4,315 13,157 5,290 515 — — 39,021 9,583 Special Mention 615 1,620 378 — — 267 — — 2,880 639 Substandard 2,958 986 693 — — — 542 — 5,179 14,417 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — — Total commercial real estate construction and land development $ 188,763 $ 83,084 $ 36,778 $ 29,869 $ 10,388 $ 2,818 $ 15,513 $ — $ 367,213 $ 410,471 The following table presents risk ratings by category of loan as of December 31, 2020 and 2019: As of December 31, 2020 As of December 31, 2019 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Total Total (Dollars in thousands) 1-4 family residential (including home equity) Pass $ 212,543 $ 128,835 $ 101,091 $ 67,257 $ 44,666 $ 27,846 $ 87,836 $ — $ 670,074 $ 669,288 Watch 14,153 3,565 4,406 5,994 2,099 3,138 4,312 — 37,667 15,798 Special Mention 6,237 728 4,312 674 2,379 2,006 2,454 — 18,790 5,844 Substandard 1,392 2,308 2,576 1,238 1,869 1,422 269 — 11,074 8,027 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — — Total 1-4 family residential (including home equity) $ 234,325 $ 135,436 $ 112,385 $ 75,163 $ 51,013 $ 34,412 $ 94,871 $ — $ 737,605 $ 698,957 Residential construction Pass $ 106,804 $ 10,330 $ 5,288 $ 742 $ 1,573 $ — $ — $ — $ 124,737 $ 188,636 Watch 2,036 749 — — — — — — 2,785 2,560 Special Mention — — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — 1,319 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — — Total residential construction $ 108,840 $ 11,079 $ 5,288 $ 742 $ 1,573 $ — $ — $ — $ 127,522 $ 192,515 Consumer and other Pass (1) $ (6,193 ) $ 20,578 $ 1,537 $ 586 $ 25 $ 122 $ 4,704 $ — $ 21,359 $ 41,355 Watch 57 242 27 — — — 63 — 389 6 Special Mention 231 — 39 — — — — — 270 358 Substandard 491 33 25 — — — — — 549 202 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — — Total consumer and other $ (5,414 ) $ 20,853 $ 1,628 $ 586 $ 25 $ 122 $ 4,767 $ — $ 22,567 $ 41,921 Total loans Pass $ 1,792,055 $ 639,824 $ 406,771 $ 324,054 $ 228,988 $ 112,308 $ 393,745 $ — $ 3,897,745 $ 3,691,279 Watch 69,653 59,464 38,840 54,154 32,886 28,251 15,291 — 298,539 99,111 Special Mention 18,772 21,546 18,409 14,662 8,378 16,755 16,704 — 115,226 29,686 Substandard 34,882 34,864 26,018 28,969 32,041 12,417 10,923 — 180,114 95,156 Doubtful 69 71 — — — — — — 140 78 Total loans $ 1,915,431 $ 755,769 $ 490,038 $ 421,839 $ 302,293 $ 169,731 $ 436,663 $ — $ 4,491,764 $ 3,915,310 (1) Includes net deferred fees of $13.9 million on PPP loans. The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans by portfolio type for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018: Commercial and Mortgage warehouse Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) Commercial real estate (including multi-family residential) Commercial real estate construction and land development 1-4 family residential (including home equity) Residential construction Consumer and other Total (Dollars in thousands) Allowance for credit losses on loans: Balance December 31, 2019 $ 8,818 $ — $ — $ 11,170 $ 4,421 $ 3,852 $ 1,057 $ 120 $ 29,438 Impact of ASC 326 adoption 7,022 — — (5,163 ) 1,630 1,600 (1 ) 137 5,225 Provision for loan losses 4,363 — — 20,417 3,461 (1,822 ) (186 ) 310 26,543 Charge-offs (2,938 ) — — (2,562 ) (2,573 ) (351 ) — (159 ) (8,583 ) Recoveries 473 — — 72 — — — 5 550 Net charge-offs (2,465 ) — — (2,490 ) (2,573 ) (351 ) — (154 ) (8,033 ) Balance December 31, 2020 $ 17,738 $ — $ — $ 23,934 $ 6,939 $ 3,279 $ 870 $ 413 $ 53,173 Allowance for loan losses: Balance December 31, 2018 $ 8,351 $ — $ — $ 11,901 $ 2,724 $ 2,242 $ 1,040 $ 73 $ 26,331 Provision for loan losses 2,881 — — (654 ) 1,741 1,905 17 49 5,939 Charge-offs (2,688 ) — — (80 ) (44 ) (295 ) — (34 ) (3,141 ) Recoveries 274 — — 3 — — — 32 309 Net charge-offs (2,414 ) — — (77 ) (44 ) (295 ) — (2 ) (2,832 ) Balance December 31, 2019 $ 8,818 $ — $ — $ 11,170 $ 4,421 $ 3,852 $ 1,057 $ 120 $ 29,438 Allowance for loan losses: Balance December 31, 2017 $ 7,694 $ — $ — $ 10,253 $ 2,525 $ 2,140 $ 942 $ 95 $ 23,649 Provision for loan losses 2,234 — — 1,588 199 127 98 2 4,248 Charge-offs (2,424 ) — — (42 ) — (25 ) — (24 ) (2,515 ) Recoveries 847 — — 102 — — — — 949 Net charge-offs (1,577 ) — — 60 — (25 ) — (24 ) (1,566 ) Balance December 31, 2018 $ 8,351 $ — $ — $ 11,901 $ 2,724 $ 2,242 $ 1,040 $ 73 $ 26,331 Allowance for Credit Losses on Unfunded Commitments . In addition to the allowance for credit losses on loans, the Company has established an allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments, classified in other liabilities and adjusted as a provision for credit loss expense. The allowance represents estimates of expected credit losses over the contractual period in which there is exposure to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on the commitments expected to fund. The estimate of commitments expected to fund is informed by historical analysis looking at utilization rates. The expected credit loss rates applied to the commitments expected to fund is informed by the general valuation allowance utilized for outstanding balances with the same underlying assumptions and drivers. The allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments as of December 31, 2020 was $4.7 million. There was no allowance recorded on unfunded commitments at December 31, 2019. The establishment of an allowance in 2020 was due to the adoption of CECL. This reserve is maintained at a level management believes to be sufficient to absorb losses arising from unfunded loan commitments. The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments: As of December 31, 2020 (Dollars in thousands) Balance at beginning of period on January 1 $ 3,866 Provision for credit losses on off-balance sheet exposures 831 Balance at end of period on December 31 $ 4,697 Collateral dependent loans we re secured by commercial real estate assets, accounts receivable, inventory and equipment. For a collateral dependent loan, the Company’s evaluation process includes a valuation by appraisal or other collateral analysis adjusted for selling costs, when appropriate. This valuation is compared to the remaining outstanding principal balance of the loan. If a loss is determined to be probable, the loss is incl uded in the allowance for credit losses on loan s as a specific allocation. A t December 31, 2020, collateral dependent loans consisted primarily of com mercial loans. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses: As of December 31, 2020 Real Estate Business Assets Other Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and industrial $ — $ 5,157 $ — $ 5,157 Mortgage warehouse — — — — Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) — — — — Real estate: Commercial real estate (including multi-family residential) 425 — — 425 Commercial real estate construction and land development — — — — 1-4 family residential (including home equity) 3,101 — — 3,101 Residential construction — — — — Consumer and other — — — — Total $ 3,526 $ 5,157 $ — $ 8,683 The following table presents additional information regarding nonaccrual loans. No interest income was recognized on nonaccrual loans for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. As of December 31, 2020 Nonaccrual Loans with No Related Allowance Nonaccrual Loans with Related Allowance Total Nonaccrual Loans (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and industrial $ 2,097 $ 8,650 $ 10,747 Mortgage warehouse — — — Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) — — — Real estate: Commercial real estate (including multi-family residential) 7,487 2,594 10,081 Commercial real estate construction and land development 2,958 53 3,011 1-4 family residential (including home equity) 2,652 1,873 4,525 Residential construction — — — Consumer and other — 529 529 Total loans $ 15,194 $ 13,699 $ 28,893 Impaired Loans. Prior to the adoption of ASC Topic 326 on January 1, 2020, loans were reported as impaired when, based on then current information and events, it was probable the Company would be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled principal and interest payments. If a loan was impaired, a specific valuation allowance was allocated, if necessary, so that the loan was reported net, at the fair value of collateral if repayment was expected solely from the collateral. The following table presents impaired loans at December 31, 2019 as determined under ASC 310 prior to the adoption of ASC Topic 326 by class of loans. As of December 31, 2019 Unpaid Recorded Principal Related Investment Balance Allowance (Dollars in thousands) With no related allowance recorded: Commercial and industrial $ 5,721 $ 6,136 $ — Mortgage warehouse — — — Real estate: Commercial real estate (including multi-family residential) 19,478 19,558 — Commercial real estate construction and land development — — — 1-4 family residential (including home equity) 2,000 2,000 — Residential construction 208 208 — Consumer and other 38 38 — Total 27,445 27,940 — With an allowance recorded: Commercial and industrial 7,812 7,286 3,480 Mortgage warehouse — — — Real estate: Commercial real estate (including multi-family residential) 5,335 5,335 459 Commercial real estate construction and land development 12,142 12,142 2,085 1-4 family residential (including home equity) — — — Residential construction 537 537 66 Consumer and other 26 26 26 PCI 2,039 2,959 659 Total 27,891 28,285 6,775 Total: Commercial and industrial 13,533 13,422 3,480 Mortgage warehouse — — — Real estate: Commercial real estate (including multi-family residential) 24,813 24,893 459 Commercial real estate construction and land development 12,142 12,142 2,085 1-4 family residential (including home equity) 2,000 2,000 — Residential construction 745 745 66 Consumer and other 64 64 26 PCI 2,039 2,959 659 $ 55,336 $ 56,225 $ 6,775 The following table presents average impaired loans and interest recognized on impaired loans for the year ended December 31, 2019: For the Year Ended December 31, 2019 Average Interest Recorded Income Investment Recognized (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and industrial $ 13,376 $ 399 Mortgage warehouse — — Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) — — Real estate: Commercial real estate (including multi-family residential) 25,856 489 Commercial real estate construction and land development 10,251 185 1-4 family residential (including home equity) 2,058 6 Residential construction 594 — Consumer and other 75 1 PCI 3,133 8 Total $ 55,343 $ 1,088 Troubled Debt Restructurings As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had a recorded investment in troubled debt restructurings of $25.8 million and $28.9 million, respectively. The Company allocated $3.3 million and $3.2 million of specific reserves for these loans at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and did not commit to lend additional amounts on these loans. The following table presents information regarding loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018: As of December 31, 2020 2019 2018 Number of Contracts Pre-Modification of Outstanding Recorded Investment Post Modification of Outstanding Recorded Investment Number of Contracts Pre-Modification of Outstanding Recorded Investment Post Modification of Outstanding Recorded Investment Number of Contracts Pre-Modification of Outstanding Recorded Investment Post Modification of Outstanding Recorded Investment (Dollars in thousands) Troubled Debt Restructurings Commercial and industrial 20 $ 4,333 $ 4,333 13 $ 4,358 $ 4,358 11 $ 2,770 $ 2,770 Mortgage warehouse — — — — — — — — — Real estate: Commercial real estate (including multi-family residential) 5 4,560 4,560 1 303 303 3 4,288 4,288 Commercial real estate construction and land development 1 830 830 — — — 1 3,114 3,114 1-4 family residential (including home equity) 5 2,051 2,051 1 396 396 — — — Residential construction — — — — — — — — — Consumer and other 1 30 30 2 43 43 — — — Total 32 $ 11,804 $ 11,804 17 $ 5,100 $ 5,100 15 $ 10,172 $ 10,172 Troubled debt restructurings resulted in charge-offs of $3.2 million, $251 thousand and $272 thousand during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, there were four loans for a total of $2.6 million were modified under a troubled debt restructuring during the previous twelve-month period that subsequently defaulted during the year 2020. As of December 31, 2019, there were five loans for a total of $472 thousand were modified under a troubled debt restructuring during the previous twelve-month period that subsequently defaulted during the year 2019. Default is determined at 90 or more days past due. The modifications primarily related to extending the amortization periods of the loans. The Company did not grant principal reductions on any restructured loans. There were no commitments to lend additional amounts for the years 2020 and 2019. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company added $11.8 million in new troubled debt restructurings, of which $8.1 million was still outstanding on December 31, 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company added $ 5.1 million in new troubled debt restructurings, of which $ 4.6 million was still outstanding on December 31, 2019. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company granted principal and interest deferrals on outstanding loan balances to customers affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, upon request and after meeting certain conditions, borrowers could be granted additional payment deferrals subsequent to the first deferral. In addition to the short-term modification program implemented by the Company, Section 4013 of the CARES Act and bank regulatory interagency guidance gave entities temporary relief from the accounting and disclosure requirements for TDRs indicating that a lender could conclude that the modifications are not a TDR if the borrower was less than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019. The following table presents information regarding principal and interest deferrals as of December 31, 2020 associated with loan modifications related to COVID-19: Initial Deferrals Additional Deferrals Remaining Deferrals Outstanding Loan Balance Deferred Loan Balance Percentage of Total Deferrals Deferred Loan Balance Percentage of Total Deferrals Deferred Loan Balance Percentage of Total Deferrals (Dollars in thousands) Commercial and industrial $ 667,079 $ 127,689 11.3 % $ 21,747 9.5 % $ 23,822 14.8 % Mortgage warehouse — — 0.0 % — 0.0 % — 0.0 % Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) 569,901 — 0.0 % — 0.0 % — 0.0 % Real estate: Commercial real estate (including multi-family residential) 1,999,877 790,468 69.9 % 171,945 75.5 % 129,067 80.0 % Commercial real estate construction and land development 367,213 88,446 7.8 % 20,032 8.8 % 5,860 3.6 % 1-4 family residential (including home equity) 737,605 118,595 10.5 % 12,922 5.7 % 2,489 1.6 % Residential construction 127,522 4,452 0.4 % 926 0.4 % — 0.0 % Consumer and other 22,567 1,015 0.1 % 172 0.1 % 59 0.0 % Total loans $ 4,491,764 $ 1,130,665 100.0 % $ 227,744 100.0 % $ 161,297 100.0 % |