Stock Incentive Plans | Stock Incentive Plans On October 1, 2020, GCP's Board of Directors adopted the GCP Applied Technologies Inc. 2020 Inducement Plan (the “Inducement Plan”) to reserve 1,000,000 shares of its common stock to be used exclusively for grants of awards to induce highly-qualified prospective employees to accept employment and to provide them with a proprietary interest in the Company. Awards that could be granted under the Inducement Plan consist of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted units, restricted stock, or deferred stock units. In accordance with Section 303A.08 of the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual, the Company did not seek approval of the Inducement Plan by its stockholders . On October 1, 2020, the Company awarded to the new GCP CEO upon joining the Company, a grant with a value of approximately $5.0 million that consisted of 143,128 shares of restricted stock and 388,348 of stock options pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Inducement Plan. Stock-Based Compensation Accounting GCP grants stock options, restricted stock units (the "RSUs") and performance-based units (the "PBUs") with or without market conditions which vest upon the satisfaction of a performance condition and/or a service condition. Please refer to Note 17, "Stock Incentive Plans" to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2019 Annual Report in the Form 10-K for further information on these awards. Total stock-based compensation expense is included in "Income from continuing operations before income taxes" in the accompanying unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations and was $3.3 million and $5.6 million, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, and $2.3 million and $7.3 million, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, $1.8 million of the stock-based compensation expense is included in "Restructuring expenses and asset impairments" related to accelerated vesting of stock options and RSUs due to the CEO's departure from the Company effective September 11, 2020 following Board approval. The Company issues new shares of common stock upon exercise of stock options and vesting of RSUs. In accordance with certain provisions of the GCP Equity and Incentive Plan (the "Plan"), GCP withholds and retains shares issued to certain holders of GCP awards in order to fulfill statutory tax withholding requirements for the employees. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, GCP withheld and retained approximately 62,200 shares and 130,900 shares, respectively, in a non-cash transaction with a cost of $1.4 million and $3.3 million, respectively, which were reflected as "Share Repurchases" in the accompanying unaudited Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, cash payments for such tax withholding obligations were $0.4 million and $3.3 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2020, approximately 7.6 million shares and 0.5 million shares of common stock, respectively, were reserved and available for future grant under the Plan and the Inducement Plan, respectively. Stock Options There were no stock options granted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020. The following assumptions were utilized in the Black-Scholes option pricing model for estimating the fair value of GCP's stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2019: Nine Months Ended September 30, Assumptions used to calculate expense for stock options: 2019 Risk-free interest rate 1.70 - 2.64% Average life of options (years) 5.5 - 6.5 Volatility 28.02 - 28.59% Dividend yield — Weighted average fair value per stock option $8.66 The following table sets forth information relating to stock options denominated in GCP stock during the nine months ended September 30, 2020: Stock Option Activity Number Of Weighted Weighted Aggregated Outstanding, December 31, 2019 1,284 $ 22.66 3.18 $ 3,171 Options exercised (64) 17.80 Options forfeited/expired/canceled (289) 19.98 Outstanding, September 30, 2020 931 $ 23.82 3.39 $ 1,316 Exercisable, September 30, 2020 827 $ 23.23 3.17 $ 1,316 Vested and expected to vest, September 30, 2020 927 $ 23.80 3.38 $ 1,316 The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the three months ended September 30, 2019 was $6.66. The aggregate intrinsic values in the table above represent the total pre-tax intrinsic value, determined as the difference between GCP's closing stock price on the last trading day of September 30, 2020 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their in-the-money options at period end. The amount changes based on the fair market value of GCP's stock. Total intrinsic value of all options exercised during the three months ended September 30, 2020 was $0.2 million. Total intrinsic value of all options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was $0.3 million and $2.5 million, respectively. At September 30, 2020, total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense for stock options outstanding was $0.1 million and is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average period of approximately 0.7 years. Restricted Stock Units and Performance Based Units RSUs and PBUs are granted with the exercise price equal to zero and are converted to shares immediately upon vesting. As of September 30, 2020, $4.4 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to the RSU and PBU awards is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted-average service period of approximately 1.7 years. RSUs The following table sets forth the RSU activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2020: RSU Activity Number Of Weighted Outstanding, December 31, 2019 156 $ 27.33 RSUs settled (151) 24.69 RSUs forfeited (2) 22.83 RSUs granted 191 21.13 RSUs outstanding, September 30, 2020 194 $ 23.21 Expected to vest as of September 30, 2020 181 $ 23.29 The weighted average grant date fair value of RSUs granted during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was $22.82 and $21.52 per share. The weighted average grant date fair value of RSUs granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was $21.13 and $26.77 per share, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, GCP distributed 151,000 shares and 255,000 shares, respectively, to settle RSUs upon vesting. The fair value of RSUs vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was $3.4 million and $6.4 million, respectively. PBUs PBUs are performance-based units which are granted by the Company either with or without market conditions and recorded at fair value on the grant date. The performance criteria for PBUs granted in 2020 and 2019 include a 3-year cumulative adjusted diluted earnings per share metric that is modified, up or down, based on the Company's total shareholder return ("TSR") relative to the performance of the Russell 3000 Specialty Chemicals and Building Materials Indices. For PBUs granted in 2018, such metric is modified, up or down, based on the Company's TSR relative to the performance of the Russell 3000 Index. The number of shares that ultimately vest, if any, is based on Company performance against these metrics, and can range from 0% to 200% of the target number of shares granted to employees. The 2020, 2019 and 2018 awards will become vested, if at all, three years from the grant date once actual performance is certified by the Board's Compensation Committee. Vesting is also subject to the employees' continued employment through the vesting date. The following table summarizes the assumptions used in the Monte Carlo simulations for estimating the grant date fair values of PBUs granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019: Nine Months Ended September 30, Assumptions used to calculate expense for PBUs: 2020 2019 Expected Term (Remaining Performance Period) 2.85 2.86 Expected volatility 29.85% 28.46% Risk-free interest rate 1.21% 2.48% Expected dividends — — Correlation coefficient 53.43% 54.81% Median correlation coefficient of constituents 54.01% 57.09% The following table sets forth the PBU activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2020: PBU Activity Number Of Weighted Outstanding, December 31, 2019 382 $ 29.51 PBU's settled — — PBU's forfeited (167) 26.71 PBU's granted 147 22.43 Outstanding, September 30, 2020 362 $ 27.91 The weighted average grant date fair value of PBUs granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was $22.43 and $27.19 per share, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, GCP distributed 76461 sh |