ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES The following schedules present the activity in the ACL by loan segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023: Three Months Ended Real Estate - Residential Real Estate - Commercial Real Estate - Construction and Land Commercial and Industrial Consumer and Other Total June 30, 2024 Beginning Balance $ 2,186 $ 1,758 $ 663 $ 6,840 $ 2,459 $ 13,906 Charge-offs — (60) — (2,599) (771) (3,430) Recoveries — 2 — 111 56 169 Provision (952) 164 (108) 3,362 732 3,198 Ending Balance $ 1,234 $ 1,864 $ 555 $ 7,714 $ 2,476 $ 13,843 June 30, 2023 Beginning Balance $ 2,358 $ 1,695 $ 254 $ 7,216 $ 685 $ 12,208 Charge-offs — — — (1,710) (674) (2,384) Recoveries — — — 72 59 131 Provision 184 194 105 1,433 727 2,643 Ending Balance $ 2,542 $ 1,889 $ 359 $ 7,011 $ 797 $ 12,598 Real Estate - Residential Real Estate - Commercial Real Estate - Construction and Land Commercial and Industrial Consumer and Other Unallocated Total Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 Beginning Balance $ 1,987 $ 1,818 $ 519 $ 6,579 $ 2,594 $ — $ 13,497 Charge-offs — (60) — (5,523) (1,749) — (7,332) Recoveries — 4 — 241 174 — 419 Provision (753) 102 36 6,417 1,457 — 7,259 Ending Balance $ 1,234 $ 1,864 $ 555 $ 7,714 $ 2,476 $ — $ 13,843 June 30, 2023 Beginning Balance $ 731 $ 956 $ 28 $ 6,182 $ 1,090 $ 59 $ 9,046 Impact of adopting ASC 326 1,479 613 281 1,116 (323) (59) 3,107 Charge-offs — — — (3,118) (1,339) — (4,457) Recoveries — 2 — 189 126 — 317 Provision 332 318 50 2,642 1,243 — 4,585 Ending Balance $ 2,542 $ 1,889 $ 359 $ 7,011 $ 797 $ — $ 12,598 CECL significantly changed the credit losses estimation model for loans. The ACL represents management’s best estimate of future lifetime expected losses on its HFI loan portfolio. The Company calculates its ACL by estimating expected credit losses on a collective basis for loans that share similar risk characteristics. Loans that do not share similar risk characteristics with other loans are evaluated for credit losses on an individual basis. The Company uses a combination of modeled and non-modeled approaches that incorporates current and future economic conditions to estimate lifetime expected losses on a collective basis. Individually evaluated loans are evaluated for impairment and a portion of the allowance is allocated so that the loan is reported, net, at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the rate implicit in the original loan agreement or at the fair value of collateral adjusted for selling costs as appropriate if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. The Company uses reasonable and supportable forecasts that are developed with internal and external data. These are updated quarterly by management and utilize data from the FOMC’s median forecasts of change in national GDP and of national unemployment. The FOMC’s forecast of GDP and unemployment for the next calendar year is used in conjunction with the most recent 4 quarters of historical data from FRED (Federal Reserve Economic Data) to determine changes in certain qualitative factors used in calculating loss rates. See Note 1 and Note 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of the Company’s ACL methodology in the December 31, 2023 Form 10-K. The Company maintains a separate ACL for its off-balance sheet unfunded loan commitments. The ACL on unfunded loan commitments is based on estimates of probability that these commitments will be drawn upon according to historical utilization experience, expected loss severity and loss rates as determined for pooled funded loans. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the ACL for unfunded commitments recorded in other liabilities was $641 and $839, respectively. The following table presents the activity in the ACL for unfunded commitments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023: For the Three Months Ended For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 June 30, 2023 June 30, 2024 June 30, 2023 Balance at beginning of period $ 839 $ 798 $ 839 $ 511 Impact of adopting ASC 326 — — — 213 Provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments (198) 46 (198) 120 Unfunded commitments charge-offs — — — — Unfunded commitments recoveries — — — — Balance at end of period $ 641 $ 844 $ 641 $ 844 The following tables present the principal balance of nonaccrual loans and loans past due over 89 days still on accrual by loan segment at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. In the following tables, the principal balance does not include the government guaranteed balance or loans measured at fair value. June 30, 2024 Nonaccrual with no ACL (1) Nonaccrual with ACL (1) Loans Past Due Over 89 Days Still Accruing (1) Real estate - residential $ — $ 4,881 $ 250 Real estate - commercial — 1,249 — Commercial and industrial — 1,471 66 Consumer and other — — 137 Total $ — $ 7,601 $ 453 December 31, 2023 Nonaccrual with no ACL (1) Nonaccrual with ACL (1) Loans Past Due Over 89 Days Still Accruing (1) Real estate - residential $ — $ 4,654 $ 583 Real estate - commercial — $ 1,159 $ — Commercial and industrial — 1,587 — Consumer and other — — 282 Total $ — $ 7,400 $ 865 (1) Excludes loans measured at fair value. See Note 6. Fair Value for additional information . A financial asset is considered collateral dependent when the debtor is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the sale or operation of the collateral. Expected credit losses for collateral dependent loans are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate. Significant quarter over quarter changes are reflective of changes in nonaccrual status and not necessarily associated with credit quality indicators like appraised value. As of June 30, 2024 there were no loans individually evaluated. The following table presents the principal balance of individually analyzed collateral dependent loans by loan portfolio segment as of December 31, 2023: December 31, 2023 Type of Collateral ACL Business Assets Commercial and industrial $ 390 $ 255 The following table presents the aging of the principal balance of past due loans HFI at amortized cost at June 30, 2024 by loan segment: 30-89 Days Greater Than Total Past Due Loans Not Past Due (1) Total Loans Real estate - residential $ 2,548 $ 5,079 $ 7,627 $ 296,607 $ 304,234 Real estate - commercial 1,870 894 2,764 285,421 288,185 Real estate - construction and land — — — 35,759 35,759 Commercial and industrial 3,756 1,385 5,141 186,999 192,140 Commercial and industrial - PPP — — — 2,324 2,324 Consumer and other 655 137 792 84,997 85,789 Total $ 8,829 $ 7,495 $ 16,324 $ 892,107 $ 908,431 (1) $3,647 of balances 30-89 days past due and $4,007 of balances greater than 89 days past due are reported as Loans Not Past Due as a result of the government guarantee. Of those loans, $1,478 of commercial and industrial PPP loans were delinquent as of June 30, 2024. The following table presents the aging of the principal balance of past due loans HFI at amortized cost at December 31, 2023 by loan segment: 30-89 Days Greater Than Total Past Due Loans Not Past Due (1) Total Loans Real estate - residential $ 1,840 $ 5,184 $ 7,024 $ 257,102 $ 264,126 Real estate - commercial 2,870 791 3,661 289,934 293,595 Real estate - construction and land — — — 26,272 26,272 Commercial and industrial 3,970 603 4,573 172,993 177,566 Commercial and industrial - PPP — — — 3,202 3,202 Consumer and other 1,221 282 1,503 45,784 47,287 Total $ 9,901 $ 6,860 $ 16,761 $ 795,287 $ 812,048 (1) $1,469 of balances 30-89 days past due and $638 of balances greater than 89 days past due are reported as Loans Not Past Due as a result of the government guarantee. Of those loans $261 of commercial and industrial PPP loans were delinquent as of December 31, 2023. Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and the year ended December 31, 2023 , there were no loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty and no loan modifications that subsequently defaulted during the period. Credit Quality Indicators Internal risk-rating grades are assigned to loans by lending, credit administration or loan review personnel, based on an analysis of the financial and collateral strength and other credit attributes underlying each loan. Management analyzes the resulting ratings, as well as other statistics and factors such as delinquency, to track the migration performance of the portfolio balances. This analysis is performed at least annually. The Bank uses the following definitions for its risk ratings: Pass – Loans properly approved, documented, collateralized, and performing which do not reflect an abnormal credit risk. Special Mention – These credits have potential weaknesses that may, if not checked or corrected, weaken the asset, or inadequately protect the Company’s position at some future date. These assets pose elevated risk, but their weakness does not yet justify a “Substandard” classification. Substandard – These loans are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful – These loans have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently known facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. The table below sets forth principal balance for the commercial loan portfolio disaggregated by loan segment based on internally assigned risk ratings at June 30, 2024 and gross write offs for the six months ended June 30, 2024: Revolving Revolving Loans Loans Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Amortized Converted 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior Cost Basis to Term Total Real estate - commercial Risk Rating Pass $ 27,372 $ 74,897 $ 74,772 $ 48,859 $ 55,074 $ 2,538 $ — $ 283,512 Special mention 72 801 2,202 118 230 — — 3,423 Substandard — — 291 103 856 — — 1,250 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total real estate - commercial loans, at amortized cost, gross 27,444 75,698 77,265 49,080 56,160 2,538 — 288,185 Gross write offs — — 60 — — — — 60 Real estate - construction and land Risk Rating Pass 1,144 22,366 9,382 2,867 — — — 35,759 Special mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total real estate - construction and land loans, at amortized cost, gross 1,144 22,366 9,382 2,867 — — — 35,759 Gross write offs — — — — — — — — Revolving Revolving Loans Loans Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Amortized Converted 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior Cost Basis to Term Total Commercial and industrial Risk Rating Pass 33,865 46,875 39,025 12,587 45,755 8,293 — 186,400 Special mention 22 749 902 296 2,263 — — 4,232 Substandard — 23 572 11 902 — — 1,508 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total commercial and industrial loans, at amortized cost, gross 33,887 47,647 40,499 12,894 48,920 8,293 — 192,140 Gross write offs — 1,449 1,884 282 1,908 — — 5,523 Commercial and industrial - PPP Risk Rating Pass — — — 223 1,102 — — 1,325 Special mention — — — — 999 — — 999 Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total commercial and industrial - PPP loans, at amortized cost, gross — — — 223 2,101 — — 2,324 Gross write offs — — — — — — — — The table below sets forth principal balance for the commercial loan portfolio disaggregated by loan segment based on internally assigned risk ratings at December 31, 2023 and gross write offs for the year ended December 31, 2023 : Revolving Revolving Loans Loans Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Amortized Converted 2023 2022 2021 Prior Cost Basis to Term Total Real estate - commercial Risk Rating Pass $ 94,092 $ 79,712 $ 50,985 $ 64,648 $ 2,439 $ — $ 291,876 Special mention — 482 78 — — — 560 Substandard — 195 31 933 — — 1,159 Doubtful — — — — — — — Total real estate - commercial loans, at amortized cost, gross 94,092 80,389 51,094 65,581 2,439 — 293,595 Gross write offs — 101 — 7 — — 108 Revolving Revolving Loans Loans Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Amortized Converted 2023 2022 2021 Prior Cost Basis to Term Total Real estate - construction and land Risk Rating Pass 11,366 12,755 2,151 — — — 26,272 Special mention — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — Total real estate - construction and land loans, at amortized cost, gross 11,366 12,755 2,151 — — — 26,272 Gross write offs — — — — — — — Commercial and industrial Risk Rating Pass 51,212 45,325 13,807 54,003 10,750 — 175,097 Special mention — 150 43 671 — — 864 Substandard — 1,004 14 587 — — 1,605 Doubtful — — — — — — — Total commercial and industrial loans, at amortized cost, gross 51,212 46,479 13,864 55,261 10,750 — 177,566 Gross write offs 325 1,543 259 4,113 — — 6,240 Commercial and industrial - PPP Risk Rating Pass — — 135 3,067 — — 3,202 Special mention — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — Total commercial and industrial - PPP loans, at amortized cost, gross — — 135 3,067 — — 3,202 Gross write offs — — — 223 — — 223 The Company considers the performance of the loan portfolio to determine its impact on the ACL. For residential and consumer loan classes, the Company evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan by payment activity. The following table presents the principal balance at June 30, 2024 in residential and consumer loans based on payment activity as well as gross write offs for the six months ended June 30, 2024. Revolving Revolving Loans Loans Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Amortized Converted 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior Cost Basis to Term Total Real estate - residential Payment Performance Performing $ 21,205 $ 29,246 $ 84,473 $ 23,559 $ 18,924 $ 121,696 $ — $ 299,103 Nonperforming — — 972 286 2,949 924 — 5,131 Total real estate - residential loans, at amortized cost, gross 21,205 29,246 85,445 23,845 21,873 122,620 — 304,234 Gross write offs — — — — — — — — Consumer and other Payment Performance Performing 46,327 23,318 13,849 774 163 1,221 — 85,652 Nonperforming — — 137 — — — — 137 Total consumer and other loans, at amortized cost, gross 46,327 23,318 13,986 774 163 1,221 — 85,789 Gross write offs — 168 1,513 32 36 — — 1,749 The following table presents the principal balance at December 31, 2023 in residential and consumer loans based on payment activity as well as gross write offs for the year ended December 31, 2023. Revolving Revolving Loans Loans Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Amortized Converted 2023 2022 2021 Prior Cost Basis to Term Total Real estate - residential Payment Performance Performing $ 31,377 $ 83,951 $ 24,524 $ 19,709 $ 99,328 $ — $ 258,889 Nonperforming — 1,197 286 2,951 803 — 5,237 Total real estate - residential loans, at amortized cost, gross 31,377 85,148 24,810 22,660 100,131 — 264,126 Gross write offs — — — — — — — Consumer and other Payment Performance Performing 25,491 19,390 930 204 990 — 47,005 Nonperforming — 258 24 — — — 282 Total consumer and other loans, at amortized cost, gross 25,491 19,648 954 204 990 — 47,287 Gross write offs 79 3,182 11 8 — — 3,280 |