Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 3. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of presentation The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information. Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements include all normal and recurring adjustments (which consist primarily of accruals, estimates and assumptions that impact the financial statements) considered necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of June 30, 2017 and its results of operations for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 and cash flows for the nine months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. Operating results for the nine months ended June 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year ending September 30, 2017. The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements, presented herein, do not contain the required disclosures under GAAP for annual consolidated financial statements. The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the annual audited consolidated financial statements and related notes as of and for the year ended September 30, 2016 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended to date, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), on December 29, 2016. Use of estimates The preparation of the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Due to the uncertainty of factors surrounding the estimates or judgments used in the preparation of the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements, actual results may materially vary from these estimates. Estimates and assumptions are periodically reviewed and the effects of revisions are reflected in the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements in the period they are determined to be necessary. Income taxes The Company recorded income tax expense of $0 and $500 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $4,000 and $103,000 for the nine months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, which is primarily attributable to state and foreign withholding taxes in connection with the Company’s collaboration and licensing agreements. Net loss per share Basic net loss per common share is determined by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period. For purposes of calculating diluted loss per common share, the denominator includes both the weighted average common shares outstanding and the number of common stock equivalents if the inclusion of such common stock equivalents would be dilutive. Dilutive common stock equivalents potentially include warrants, stock options and non-vested restricted stock awards using the treasury stock method. The diluted loss per common share calculation is further affected by an add-back of change in fair value of warrant liability to the numerator under the assumption that the change in fair value of warrant liability would not have been incurred if the warrants had been converted into common stock. The following table sets forth the computation of basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share: Three months ended June 30, Nine months ended June 30, 2017 2016 2017 2016 Basic Earnings Per Share Net loss $ (5,326,918 ) $ (30,194,459 ) $ (32,470,516 ) $ (52,571,004 ) Common stock outstanding (weighted average) 24,442,056 18,816,708 23,788,046 15,336,117 Basic net loss per share $ (0.22 ) $ (1.60 ) $ (1.36 ) $ (3.43 ) Diluted Earnings Per Share Net loss (5,326,918 ) (30,194,459 ) (32,470,516 ) (52,571,004 ) Add change in fair value of warrant liability - - (3,976,397 ) - Diluted net loss (5,326,918 ) (30,194,459 ) (36,446,913 ) (52,571,004 ) Common stock outstanding (weighted average) 24,442,056 18,816,708 23,788,046 15,336,117 Add shares from dilutive warrants - - 25,864 - Common stock equivalents 24,442,056 18,816,708 23,813,910 15,336,117 Diluted net loss per share $ (0.22 ) $ (1.60 ) $ (1.53 ) $ (3.43 ) The following potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted-average shares outstanding as of June 30, 2017 and 2016, as they would be antidilutive: June 30, 2017 2016 Performance-based stock units 214,413 247,598 Restricted stock units 1,068,260 1,096,171 Common stock warrants 7,760,988 8,186,935 Recently issued and adopted accounting pronouncements In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers Contracts with customers Significant judgments and changes in judgments Certain assets In July 2015, the FASB delayed the effective date of this guidance. As a result, this guidance will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. Earlier application is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on its consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows. In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting |