Summary of significant accounting policies | 2. Summary of significant accounting policies Basis of presentation and principles of consolidation The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2016, and the condensed consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2016, and the related footnote disclosures are unaudited. The accompanying unaudited interim financial statements were prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), including guidance with respect to interim financial information and in conformity with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for annual financial statements. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and related footnotes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015. The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented. Results of the operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full fiscal year or for any future annual or interim period. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances between the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries are eliminated upon consolidation. Use of estimates The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Areas where management uses subjective judgment include, but are not limited to, estimating the useful lives of long-lived assets, identifying separate accounting units and estimating the best estimate selling price of each deliverable in the Company’s revenue arrangements, assessing the impairment of long-lived assets, share-based compensation expenses, realizability of deferred tax assets and the fair value of the financial instruments. Management bases the estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Fair value measurements Fair value of financial instruments Financial instruments of the Company primarily include cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, short-term bank loan, long-term bank loan, accounts payable, S enior P romissory N ote, convertible preferred shares, and warrant and option liabilities. As of December 31, 2015 and March 31, 2016, the carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, short-term bank loan and accounts payable approximated their fair values due to the short-term maturity of these instruments. The short-term investments represented the available-for-sale debt securities which are recorded at fair value based on quoted prices in active markets with unrealized gain or loss recorded in other comprehensive income/loss. The long-term bank loan approximates its fair value due to the fact that the related interest rate approximates the rate currently offered by financial institutions for similar debt instrument s of comparable maturities. The warrant and option liabilities were recorded at fair value as determined on the respective issuance dates and subsequently adjusted to the fair value at each reporting date. The S enior P romissory N ote and convertible preferred shares were initially recorded at issue price net of issuance costs. Prior to the exercise dates, the Company determined the fair values of the warrant and option liabilities with the assistance of an independent third party valuation firm. On the exercise dates, the Company determined the fair values of the warrant and option liabilities using the intrinsic value, which equals to the difference between the share price at the IPO closing date and the exercise price, as the exercise dates were immediately prior to or very close to the IPO closing date. The Company applies ASC topic 820 (“ASC 820”), Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, in measuring fair value. ASC 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and requires disclosures to be provided on fair value measurement. ASC 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows: Level 1 - Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. Level 2 - Include other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace. Level 3 - Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity. ASC 820 describes three main approaches to measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities: (1) market approach; (2) income approach and (3) cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that would currently be required to replace an asset. Financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis The following tables set forth assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2015 and March 31, 2016: As of December 31, 2015 Quoted Price in Active Market for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) $ $ $ Available-for-sale securities (note 3): Corporate fixed income bonds — — U.S. treasury securities — — Municipal Bonds — — Option to purchase shares by rental deferral (note 7) — — Warrants in connection with the convertible promissory notes (note 7) — — As of March 31, 2016 Quoted Price in Active Market for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) $ $ $ Available-for-sale securities (note 3): Corporate fixed income bonds — — Municipal Bonds — — The Company has measured the option to purchase shares by rental deferral and the warrants in connection with the convertible promissory notes at fair values on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) as of December 31, 2015. The option and warrants have been exercised as of March 31, 2016. The Company determined the exercise date fair value of the warrants and option using significant other observable inputs (Level 2). The following table presents a reconciliation of the option and warrant liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2016. Warrant and Option Liabilities $ Balance as of December 31, 2015 Recognized — Unrealized loss Settlement ) Balance as of March 31, 2016 — The amount of total unrealized loss for the three months ended March 31, 2016 included in losses ) Realized and unrealized gain or loss for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2016 was recorded as “Changes in fair value of financial instruments” in the condensed consolidated statements of operations . Recent accounting pronouncements In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers-Deferral of the effective date (“ASU 2015-14”). The amendments in ASU 2015-14 defer the effective date of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers issued in May 2014. According to the amendments in ASU 2015-14, the new revenue guidance ASU 2014-09 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. Earlier application is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. The Company is currently evaluating the method of adoption to be utilized and it cannot currently estimate the financial statement impact of adoption. In February, 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases , which requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities related to lease arrangements longer than 12 months on the balance sheet. This standard also requires additional disclosures by lessees and contains targeted changes to accounting by lessors. The updated guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and early adoption is permitted. The recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee have not significantly changed from previous GAAP. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements of adopting this guidance. |