Notes to the Interim Financial Statements (Unaudited)
assay revenue, stock-based compensation, accounts receivable, derivative liability, the realization of deferred tax assets, and common and preferred stock valuations. Actual results may differ from those estimates.
| (d) | Cash and Cash Equivalents |
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with remaining maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains its cash balances at banks and financial institutions. The balances are insured up to the legal limit. The Company maintains cash balances that may, at times, exceed this insured limit.
| (e) | Property and Equipment |
Property and equipment is recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using thestraight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets that range from two to five years. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the life of the lease or the asset. The Company recorded depreciation expense of $19,179 and $19,199 during the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $37,842 and $38,094 during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. No property or equipment was disposed of during the three months or six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018. The Company assesses its long-lived assets, consisting primarily of property and equipment, for impairment when material events and changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. There were no impairment losses for the three months or six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.
| (f) | Research and Development |
Costs incurred in connection with research and development activities are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses consist of(i) employee-related expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and stock compensation expense; (ii) facilities and other expenses, which include direct and allocated expenses for rent and maintenance of facilities and laboratory and other supplies.
The Company expenses all costs as incurred in connection with patent applications (including direct application fees, and the legal and consulting expenses related to making such applications) and such costs are included in general and administrative expenses.
| (g) | Concentration of Credit Risk |
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company maintains $1.9 million in a bank deposit account, as of June 30, 2019, that is in excess of the $250,000 insurance provided by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation in one federally insured financial institution. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts.
The Company provides for federal and state income taxes on the asset and liability approach which requires deferred tax assets and liabilities to be recognized based on temporary differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse.
Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in management’s opinion, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. The Company’s valuation allowance is based on available evidence, including its current year and prior year operating losses, evaluation of positive and negative evidence with respect to certain specific deferred tax assets including evaluation sources of future taxable income to support the realization of the deferred tax assets. The Company has established a full valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
Current and deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on the tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the Company’s income tax returns. U.S. GAAP requires that the tax benefits of an uncertain tax position
7