Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all wholly-owned subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation. Reclassifications Certain prior period amounts included in the consolidated statements of operations have been reclassified to conform to the current period’s presentation. The Company has revised the classification of certain employee-related wages and payroll taxes associated with such wages for the year ended December 31, 2017 to better align the statement of operations line items with departmental responsibilities and management of operations. These reclassifications had no effect on the Company’s reported total costs and expenses, loss from operations, net loss or loss per share for the year ended December 31, 2017. The table below summarizes the financial statement line items impacted by these reclassifications (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2017 As Previously Reported Reclassification As Reclassified Operations and support expenses $ 17,668 $ 3,302 $ 20,970 Sales and marketing expenses 5,617 44 5,661 General and administrative expenses 12,601 (3,164 ) 9,437 Related party expenses 182 (182 ) — Certain prior period amounts included in the consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of cash flows and accompanying notes to the financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current period’s presentation. Restaurant Food Liability All transactions processed through the Bite Squad Platform and certain transactions processed through the Waitr Platform result in the Company receiving all of the transaction proceeds. The Company records as a restaurant food liability the net balance owed to the restaurant, after deducting the commissions and other fees charged to the restaurant. Our restaurant food liability as of December 31, 2018 has been reclassified from other current liabilities to a separate line on the consolidated balance sheet to conform to the current period’s presentation. The Company remits payments to the restaurants twice a month, generally on the 1 st th Use of Estimates The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant estimates and judgments relied upon in preparing these consolidated financial statements affect the following items: • determination of the nature and timing of satisfaction of revenue-generating performance obligations and the standalone selling price of performance obligations; • variable consideration; • other obligations such as product returns and refunds; • allowance for doubtful accounts and chargebacks; • incurred loss estimates under our insurance policies with large deductibles or retention levels; • income taxes; • useful lives of tangible and intangible assets; • depreciation and amortization; • equity compensation; • contingencies; • goodwill and other intangible assets, including the recoverability of intangible assets with finite lives and other long-lived assets; • impairments; and • fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as part of a business combination. The Company regularly assesses these estimates and records changes to estimates in the period in which they become known. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Changes in the economic environment, financial markets, and any other parameters used in determining these estimates could cause actual results to differ from those estimates. Liquidity and Capital Resources The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. December 31, December 31, 2019 2018 Working capital $ 9,129 $ 205,849 Liquid assets 29,317 209,340 During the second half of 2019 and through the first quarter of 2020, management has implemented plans to improve the liquidity of the Company, including several initiatives to realize synergies from the Bite Squad Merger and to align the combined Company’s cost structure. These initiatives included staff reductions in November 2019 and January 2020 and the consolidation of operations, support and sales and marketing functions, as well as the integration of five markets in which Waitr and Bite Squad operations overlapped. Additionally, the Company initiated modifications to its fee structure in July 2019 with a majority of restaurants on the Waitr Platform, which became effective in August 2019, and in January 2020, with the majority of the remaining restaurants on its Platforms, which became effective throughout February 2020. Further, in December 2019 and January 2020, the Company closed approximately 60 unprofitable, non-core markets. The combination of these initiatives has reduced the Company’s overall cost structure and resulted in improved revenue per order and cash flow through February 2020. As of January 31 and February 29, 2020, cash on hand was approximately $30,300 and $29,900, respectively. Additionally, as of March 13, 2020, cash on hand was approximately $30,500, essentially flat relative to December 2019. Management is in the process of implementing additional initiatives, with a focus on continued improvements to revenue per order, costs per order, cash flow, profitability and liquidity. These initiatives include, among other things, new and enhanced service offerings to restaurant partners (such as priority placement, payment processing and consumer marketing), a continued focus on increasing restaurant supply on the Platforms, as well as an initiative to change to a contract labor model for delivery drivers, the implementation of which is expected to be completed early in the second quarter of 2020. We currently expect that our cash on hand and estimated cash flow from operations will be sufficient to meet our working capital needs beyond twelve months, however, there can be no assurance that we will generate cash flow at the levels we anticipate. We continually evaluate additional opportunities to strengthen our liquidity position, fund growth initiatives and/or combine with other businesses by issuing equity or equity-linked securities (in public or private offerings) and/or incurring additional debt. However, market conditions, our future financial performance or other factors may make it difficult or impossible for us to access sources of capital, on favorable terms or at all, should we determine in the future to raise additional funds. Business Combinations The Company accounts for business combinations under the acquisition method of accounting, in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 805, Business Combinations Cash Cash consists of demand deposits with financial institutions, as well as cash owed to restaurants on the Platforms. The Company has compensating balance arrangements with its financial institutions related to the Company’s corporate credit card program and a letter of credit. As of December 31, 2019, cash supporting an outstanding letter of credit was $3,191 and cash supporting the Company’s credit card program was $257. Certain restaurants on the Platforms elect to receive their portion of payments collected through the Company’s Platforms less frequently than daily. Upon receipt of the restaurants’ cash, the Company records an offsetting liability. As of December 31, 2019, our restaurant liability was $5,612. The Company regularly maintains cash in excess of federally insured limits at financial institutions. The Company makes such deposits with entities it believes are of high credit quality and has not incurred any losses related to these balances. Management believes its credit risk, with respect to these financial institutions, to be minimal. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Chargebacks Accounts receivable is comprised of setup and integration fees due from restaurants and credit card receivables due from the credit card processor. Credit card payments on orders made through the Platforms are generally remitted to the Company three business days after the transaction resulting from the sale and delivery of food. Accounts receivable are stated net of an allowance for doubtful accounts, determined by management through an evaluation of specific accounts, considering historical experience, aging of accounts receivable, and information regarding the creditworthiness of the customers. When it becomes probable that the receivable will not be collected, the balance is written off. The Company performs periodic credit evaluations of the financial condition of customers, monitors collections and payments from customers, and generally does not require collateral. Additionally, the Company is liable for uncollected credit card receivables (or “chargebacks”), including fraudulent orders, when a consumer’s card is authorized but fails to process and for other unpaid credit card receivables. Chargebacks are recorded as a reduction of the revenue recorded for the transaction. Property and Equipment, net Property and equipment, net is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Useful lives of each asset class are as follows: Equipment 3 years Furniture 5 years Leasehold improvements 7 years Maintenance and repair costs are expensed as incurred. Major improvements, which extend the useful life of the related asset, are capitalized. When these assets are sold or otherwise disposed of, the asset and related depreciation are relieved and any gain or loss is included in the consolidated statements of operations for the period of sale or disposal. Intangible Assets Internally Developed Software The Company incurs expenses associated with software development, which includes wages, employee benefits, and other compensation-related expenses. Additionally, the Company may periodically incur third-party development and programming costs. Costs of Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Marketed The Company accounts for costs incurred to develop its externally-marketed platform in accordance with ASC Topic 985-20 , Software — Costs of Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Marketed Internal Use Software The Company also capitalizes costs to develop or purchase internal-use software in accordance with ASC Topic 350-40, Intangibles, Goodwill and Other — Internal-Use Software Impairment of Long-Lived and Other Intangible Assets The Company reviews the recoverability of its long-lived assets, including acquired technology, capitalized software costs, and property and equipment, when events or changes in circumstances occur that indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of finite and other long-lived assets is measured by comparing the carrying amount of an asset group to the future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by that asset group. The Company groups assets for purposes of such review at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows of the asset group are largely independent of the cash flows of the other groups of assets and liabilities. The amount of impairment to be recognized for finite and indefinite-lived intangible assets and other long-lived assets is calculated as the difference between the carrying value and the fair value of the asset group, generally measured by discounting estimated future cash flows based in part on financial results and the Company’s expectation of future performance. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess purchase price over tangible and intangible assets acquired, less liabilities assumed arising from business combinations. The Company conducts its goodwill impairment test annually in October or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist. When performing the annual impairment test, the Company has the option of performing a qualitative or quantitative assessment to determine if an impairment has occurred. If a qualitative assessment indicates that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the Company would be required to perform a quantitative impairment two-step test for goodwill. In the first step, the fair value of each reporting unit is determined and compared to the reporting unit’s carrying value, including goodwill. If the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, the second step of the goodwill impairment test is performed to measure the amount of impairment, if any. In the second step, the fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit as if it had been acquired in a business combination and the purchase price was equivalent to the fair value of the reporting unit. The excess of the fair value of the reporting unit over the amounts assigned to its assets and liabilities is referred to as the implied fair value of goodwill. If the implied fair value of goodwill at the reporting unit level is less than its carrying value, an impairment loss is recorded to the extent that the implied fair value of goodwill at the reporting unit is less than its carrying value. Leases The Company accounts for leases under the provisions of ASC Topic 840, Leases The Company’s lease agreements provide for rental payments that increase on an annual basis. The Company recognizes rent expense on operating leases on a straight-line basis over the non-cancellable lease term. Operating leases with landlord-funded leasehold improvements are considered tenant allowances and are amortized as a reduction of rent expense over the non-cancellable lease term. Deferred rent liability, which is calculated as the difference between contractual lease payments and the rent expense, is recorded in other noncurrent liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. Stock-Based Compensation The Company measures compensation expense for all stock-based awards, including stock options, restricted stock units and restricted stock awards, in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation The Company uses an option-pricing model to determine the fair value of stock options. Determining the fair value of stock-based awards at the grant date requires judgment. The determination of the grant date fair value of options using an option-pricing model is affected by the Company’s estimated common stock value, as well as assumptions regarding a number of other complex and subjective variables. These assumptions include: Risk-free rate: Risk-free interest rates are derived from U.S. Treasury securities as of the option grant date. Volatility: Volatility of the Company’s stock price is estimated based on a combination of published historical volatilities of comparable publicly traded companies. Expected term: The expected term calculation for option awards considers a combination of the Company’s historical and estimated future exercise behavior. Forfeiture rate: The Company elects to recognize actual forfeitures of stock-based awards as they occur in accordance with Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-09, . If any of the assumptions used in the option-pricing model change significantly, stock-based compensation for future awards may differ materially compared to the awards granted. The expense resulting from stock-based payments is recorded as expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations based on the relevant headcount. Debt Issuance Costs The Company incurs debt issuance costs in connection with its debt facilities and related amendments. Amounts paid directly to lenders are classified as issuance costs and are recorded as a reduction of the carrying value of the debt. Debt issuance costs are amortized using the effective interest rate method to interest expense on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. See Note 9 – Debt Convertible Notes The Company accounts for convertible notes in accordance with ASC Topic 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options Interest Embedded Derivatives ASC Topic 815-15 , Embedded Derivatives Beneficial Conversion Feature If the amount allocated to the convertible notes results in an effective per share conversion price that is less than the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the commitment date, the intrinsic value of this beneficial conversion feature is recorded as a discount to the convertible notes, with a corresponding increase to additional paid in capital. The beneficial conversion feature discount is equal to the difference between the effective conversion price and the fair value of the Company’s common stock at the commitment date, unless limited by the remaining proceeds allocated to the convertible notes. Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees Under the provisions of ASC Topic 505-50, Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees, Earnings per Common Share Under GAAP, certain instruments granted in stock-based payment transactions are considered participating securities prior to vesting and are therefore required to be included in the earnings allocation in calculating earnings per share under the two-class method. Companies are required to treat unvested stock-based payment awards with a right to receive non-forfeitable dividends as a separate class of securities in calculating earnings per share, except in cases where the effect of the inclusion of the participating securities would be antidilutive. Fair Value Measurements The Company records the fair value of assets and liabilities in accordance with ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement In addition to defining fair value, ASC 820 expands the disclosure requirements around fair value and establishes a fair value hierarchy for valuation inputs. The hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three levels based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market. Each fair value measurement is reported in one of the three levels, which is determined by the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. These levels are: Level 1 — Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 — Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Level 3 — Unobservable inputs reflecting the Company’s own assumptions about the inputs used in pricing the asset or liability at fair value. Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of accounts receivable. From time to time, the Company assesses the credit worthiness of its payment processing service provider and restaurants on the Platforms. Credit risk on accounts receivable is minimized through use of a reputable payment processing service provider as well as a diverse group of restaurants dispersed across several geographic areas. The Company has not experienced material losses related to receivables from individual restaurants or groups of restaurants and is not expecting a change from this historical norm, as current economic conditions are relatively stable. Additionally, the Company regularly maintains cash in excess of federally insured limits at financial institutions. The Company makes such deposits with entities it believes are of high credit quality and has not incurred any losses related to these balances. Management believes its credit risk, with respect to these financial institutions, to be minimal. Segments The Company operates in a single segment. Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. The Company has determined that its Chief Executive Officer is the CODM. To date, the Company’s CODM has made such decisions and assessed performance at the Company-level. Revenue The Company generates revenue (“transaction fees”) primarily when diners place an order on one of the Platforms. In the case of diner subscription fees for unlimited delivery, revenue is recognized when payment for the monthly subscription is received. Revenue consists of the following for the periods indicated (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 Transaction fees $ 186,189 $ 65,930 $ 21,406 Setup and integration fees 5,270 2,882 1,214 Other 216 461 291 Total Revenue $ 191,675 $ 69,273 $ 22,911 Transaction fees represent the revenue recognized from the Company’s obligation to process orders on the Platforms. The performance obligation is satisfied when the Company successfully processes an order placed on one of the Platforms and the restaurant receives the order at their location. The obligation to process orders on the Platforms represents a series of distinct performance obligations satisfied over time that the Company combines into a single performance obligation. Consistent with the recognition objective in ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers During the periods presented in this Annual Report on Form 10-K the Company has received non-refundable upfront setup and integration fees for onboarding certain restaurants. Setup and integration activities primarily represent administrative activities that allowed the Company to fulfill future performance obligations for these restaurants and do not represent services transferred to the restaurant. However, the non-refundable upfront setup and integration fees charged to restaurants resulted in a performance obligation in the form of a material right related to the restaurant’s option to renew the contract each day rather than provide a notice of termination. Upfront non-refundable fees were generally due shortly after the contract was executed; however, the Company could provide installment payment options for up to six months. Revenue related to setup and integration fees has historically been recognized ratably over a two-year period. In July 2019, the Company modified its fee structure with a majority of restaurants on the Waitr Platform. The new, modified fee structure was performance-based and tiered such that restaurants with higher sales through the Waitr Platform were subject to a rate at the lower end of the range, whereas restaurants with lower sales through the Waitr Platform were subject to a rate at the upper end of the range. The performance-based fees became effective for August 2019, upon acceptance of the new agreements by the restaurants. Approximately 22% of the restaurants on the Waitr Platform did not accept the new agreements, resulting in the termination of their contracts (Bite Squad restaurants were unaffected, since it had not previously offered the lower rate, upfront fee option to restaurants). Additionally, with the introduction of the July 2019 modifications, the Company discontinued offering fee arrangements with the upfront, one-time setup and integration fee. Upon acceptance of the new performance-based fee agreement, in certain cases, the Company waived uncollected portions of the setup and integration fee and refunded portions of previously paid setup and integration fees. The contract modifications and the effect of such modifications on our measure of progress towards the performance obligations resulted in accelerated recognition of deferred revenue related to the modified contracts. Included in revenue during the year ended December 31, 2019 is a cumulative adjustment to setup and integration fee revenue of $3,005, which was previously included in deferred revenue as of August 1, 2019. The cumulative adjustment to revenue was partially offset by write-offs of uncollected setup and integration fees within accounts receivable of $797 and refunds of previously paid setup and integration fees of $320. Further, a portion of our capitalized contract costs pertaining to or allocable to terminated restaurant contracts was recognized in the year ended December 31, 2019, resulting in an impairment loss of $852. For additional details, see “ Costs to Obtain a Contract with a Customer Costs to Fulfill a Contract with a Customer The Company sells gift cards on the Bite Squad Platform and recognizes revenue upon gift card redemption. Gift cards that have not yet been utilized amounted to $657 as of December 31, 2019 and are included on the consolidated balance sheet in other current liabilities. Significant Judgment Most of the Company’s contracts with restaurants contain multiple performance obligations as described above. For these contracts, the Company accounts for individual performance obligations separately if they are both capable of being distinct, and distinct in the context of the contract. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately may require significant judgment. Judgment is also required to determine the standalone selling price for each distinct performance obligation. The Company used the alternative approach in ASC 606 to allocate the upfront fee between the material right obligation and the transaction fee obligation, which resulted in all of the upfront non-refundable payment at inception of the contract being allocated to the material right obligation. When contracts with customers include other performance obligations, such as ancillary equipment, the Company establishes a single amount to estimate the standalone selling price for the goods or services. In instances where the standalone selling price is not directly observable, it is determined using observable inputs. Contract Balances The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to restaurants. The Company records a receivable when it has an unconditional right to the consideration. Setup and integration fees were due at inception of the contract; in certain cases, extended payment terms may have been provided for up to six months and are included in accounts receivable. The opening balance of accounts receivable, net was $3,687 and $2,124 Payment terms and conditions on setup and integration fees varied by contract type, although terms typically included a requirement of payment within six months. The Company recorded a contract liability in deferred revenue for the unearned portion of the upfront non-refundable fee. In instances where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing, the Company has determined its contracts do not include a significant financing component. Costs to Obtain a Contract with a Customer The Company recognizes an asset for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a restaurant and recognizes the expense over the course of the period when the Company expects to recover those costs. The Company has determined that certain internal sales incentives earned at the time when an initial contract is executed meet these requirements. Capitalized sales incentives are amortized to sales and marketing expense on a straight-line basis over the period of benefit. The Company applies a practical expedient to expense costs as incurred for costs to obtain a contract with a customer when the amortization period would have been one year or less. As a result of the changes in the terms of the contracts related to the modified fee structure introduced in July 2019, we changed our estimate of the useful life of the asset for costs to obtain a contract to better reflect the estimated period in which the asset will remain in service. Effective August 1, 2019, the estimated useful life of the asset for costs to obtain a contract from customers, previously estimated at In connection with the modified fee structure and the related changes in the contract terms, certain restaurants elected to terminate their contracts, resulting in an impairment charge for the portion of capitalized contract costs of obtaining a contract which was deemed to be non-recoverable. The impairment was calculated based on a pro rata allocation of the carrying value of the asset as of July 31, 2019 between the restaurants remaining on the Waitr Platform and those terminating their contracts. The capitalized contract costs allocated to the terminated restaurants totaled $341 and was recognized as an impairment loss during the year ended December 31, 2019 in the consolidated statement of operations. Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2019, we recognized an impairment loss for deferred costs related to obtaining contracts with restaurants at September 30, 2019 in connection with the Company’s goodwill and intangible asset impairment analysis (see Note 7 – Intangible Assets and Goodwill Deferred costs related to obtaining a contract with a customer totaled $701 and $986 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, out of which $143 and $679, respectively, was classified as current. Amortization of expense for the costs to obtain a contract were $606, $541, and $211 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. Costs to Fulfill a Contract with a Customer The Company also recognizes an asset for the costs to fulfill a contract with a restaurant when they are specifically identifiable, generate or enhance resources used to satisfy future performance obligations, and are expected to be recovered. The Company has determined that certain costs related to setup and integration activities meet the capitalization criteria under ASC Topic 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs As a result of the changes in the terms of the contracts related to the modified fee structure introduced in July 2019, we changed our estimate of the useful life of the asset for costs to fulfill a contract to better reflect the estimated period in which the asset will remain in service. Effective August 1, 2019, the estimated useful life of the asset for costs to fulfill a contract from customers, previously estimated at two years, was increased to five years. The change in estimate had no material impact on the Company’s results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019. The changes in the terms of the contracts in July 2019 and the related termination of contracts by certain restaurants resulted in a Note 7 – Intangible Assets and Goodwill Deferred costs related to fulfilling a contract with a customer totaled $270 and $1,710 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, out of which $56 and $1,190 was classified as current. Amortization of expense for the costs to fulfill a contract were $1,030, $972, and $378 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. Income Taxes The Company files federal and state income tax returns in each of the jurisdictions in which it operates. The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are calculated based upon the temporary differences between the financial statement and income tax bases of assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rates applicable in a given year. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company did not consider future book income as a source of taxable income when assessing if a portion of the deferred tax assets is more likely than not to be realized. However, scheduling the reversal of existing deferred tax liabilities indicated that a portion of the deferred tax assets are not likely to be realized. Therefore, valuation allowances were established against some, but not all, of the Company’s deferred tax assets. In the event the Company determines that it would be able to realize deferred tax assets that have valuation allowan |