Allowance for Loan Losses and Impaired Loans | Note 6. Allowance for Loan Losses and Impaired Loans Allowance for Loan Losses The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level believed to be sufficient to provide for estimated loan losses based on evaluating known and inherent risks in the loan portfolio. The allowance is provided based upon management’s comprehensive analysis of the pertinent factors underlying the quality of the loan portfolio. These factors include changes in the amount and composition of the loan portfolio, delinquency levels, actual loss experience, current economic conditions, and detailed analysis of individual loans for which the full collectability may not be assured. The detailed analysis includes methods to estimate the fair value of loan collateral and the existence of potential alternative sources of repayment. The allowance consists of specific and general components. The specific component is calculated on an individual basis for larger-balance, non-homogeneous loans, which are considered impaired. A specific allowance is established when the discounted cash flows, collateral value (less disposal costs), or observable market price of the impaired loan is lower than its carrying value. The specific component of the allowance for smaller-balance loans whose terms have been modified in a troubled debt restructuring (TDR) is calculated on a pooled basis considering historical experience adjusted for qualitative factors. These smaller-balance TDRs were collectively evaluated for impairment. The general component covers the remaining loan portfolio, and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors. The appropriateness of the allowance for loan losses on loans is estimated based upon these factors and trends identified by management at the time financial statements are prepared. A provision for loan losses is charged against operations and is added to the allowance for loan losses based on quarterly comprehensive analyses of the loan portfolio. The allowance for loan losses is allocated to certain loan categories based on the relative risk characteristics, asset classifications and actual loss experience of the loan portfolio. While management has allocated the allowance for loan losses to various loan portfolio segments, the allowance is general in nature and is available for the loan portfolio in its entirety. The following table presents activity in the allowance by loan category and information on the loans evaluated individually for impairment and collectively evaluated for impairment as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017: Allowance for Loan Losses and Recorded Investment in Loans (dollars in thousands) Construction & Development Farmland Residential Commercial Mortgage Commercial & Agricultural Consumer & Other Total December 31, 2018 Allowance for loan losses: Beginning Balance $ 239 $ 358 $ 1,875 $ 619 $ 282 $ 80 $ 3,453 Charge-offs (20 ) — (117 ) (142 ) (23 ) (175 ) (477 ) Recoveries — 34 44 69 9 38 194 Provision 27 (7 ) 5 136 13 151 325 Ending Balance $ 246 $ 385 $ 1,807 $ 682 $ 281 $ 94 $ 3,495 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 29 $ 12 $ — $ — $ — $ 41 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 246 $ 356 $ 1,795 $ 682 $ 281 $ 94 $ 3,454 Loans outstanding: Ending Balance $ 33,449 $ 33,291 $ 235,689 $ 176,192 $ 37,491 $ 20,353 $ 536,465 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 4,552 $ 1,018 $ — $ — $ — $ 5,570 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 33,449 $ 28,739 $ 234,671 $ 176,192 $ 37,491 $ 20,353 $ 530,895 December 31, 2017 Allowance for loan losses: Beginning Balance $ 319 $ 342 $ 1,841 $ 600 $ 210 $ 108 $ 3,420 Charge-offs (33 ) (34 ) (89 ) (59 ) (27 ) (76 ) (318 ) Recoveries 56 — 23 — 33 22 134 Provision (103 ) 50 100 78 66 26 217 Ending Balance $ 239 $ 358 $ 1,875 $ 619 $ 282 $ 80 $ 3,453 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 49 $ 42 $ — $ — $ — $ 91 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 239 $ 309 $ 1,833 $ 619 $ 282 $ 80 $ 3,362 Loans outstanding: Ending Balance $ 25,475 $ 33,353 $ 199,120 $ 125,661 $ 25,672 $ 15,590 $ 424,871 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 5,069 $ 1,556 $ — $ — $ — $ 6,625 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 25,475 $ 28,284 $ 197,564 $ 125,661 $ 25,672 $ 15,590 $ 418,246 As of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Bank had no unallocated reserves included in the allowance for loan losses. Management closely monitors the quality of the loan portfolio and has established a loan review process designed to help grade the quality of the Bank’s loan portfolio. The Bank’s loan ratings coincide with the “Substandard,” “Doubtful” and “Loss” classifications used by federal regulators in their examination of financial institutions. Generally, an asset is considered Substandard if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligors and/or the collateral pledged. Substandard assets include those characterized by the distinct possibility that the insured financial institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in assets classified Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, highly questionable and improbable. Assets classified as Loss are those considered uncollectible, and of such little value that its continuance on the books is not warranted. Assets that do not currently expose the insured financial institutions to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories but otherwise possess weaknesses are designated “Special Mention.” Management also maintains a listing of loans designated “Watch”. These loans represent borrowers with declining earnings, strained cash flow, increasing leverage and/or weakening market fundamentals that indicate above average risk. As of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, the Bank had no loans graded “Doubtful” or “Loss” included in the balance of total loans outstanding. The following table lists the loan grades utilized by the Bank and the corresponding total of outstanding loans in each category as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017: Credit Risk Profile by Internally Assigned Grades Loan Grades (dollars in thousands) Pass Watch Special Mention Substandard Total December 31, 2018 Real Estate Secured: Construction & development $ 31,237 $ 2,044 $ 147 $ 21 $ 33,449 Farmland 23,250 4,933 750 4,358 33,291 Residential 213,670 18,794 299 2,926 235,689 Commercial mortgage 148,179 23,468 1,212 3,333 176,192 Non-Real Estate Secured: Commercial & agricultural 33,537 2,908 70 976 37,491 Consumer & other 18,975 1,364 — 14 20,353 Total $ 468,848 $ 53,511 $ 2,478 $ 11,628 $ 536,465 December 31, 2017 Real Estate Secured: Construction & development $ 24,612 $ 652 $ — $ 211 $ 25,475 Farmland 23,935 4,895 74 4,449 33,353 Residential 183,543 12,464 200 2,913 199,120 Commercial mortgage 106,102 15,291 1,611 2,657 125,661 Non-Real Estate Secured: Commercial & agricultural 22,446 2,057 649 520 25,672 Consumer & other 15,262 328 — — 15,590 Total $ 375,900 $ 35,687 $ 2,534 $ 10,750 $ 424,871 Loans may be placed in nonaccrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payments as they become due. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received. Payments received are first applied to principal, and any remaining funds are then applied to interest. Loans are removed from nonaccrual status when they are deemed a loss and charged to the allowance, transferred to foreclosed assets, or returned to accrual status based upon performance consistent with the original terms of the loan or a subsequent restructuring thereof. The following table presents an age analysis of nonaccrual and past due loans by category as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017: (dollars in thousands) 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due Total Past Due Current Total Loans 90+ Days Past Due and Still Accruing Nonaccrual Loans December 31, 2018 Real Estate Secured: Construction & development $ 29 $ — $ — $ 29 $ 33,420 $ 33,449 $ — $ — Farmland 71 100 989 1,160 32,131 33,291 — 3,914 Residential 762 145 241 1,148 234,541 235,689 — 653 Commercial mortgage — — 604 604 175,588 176,192 — 740 Non-Real Estate Secured: Commercial & agricultural 7 — 264 271 37,220 37,491 — 264 Consumer & other 12 18 8 38 20,315 20,353 — 8 Total $ 881 $ 263 $ 2,106 $ 3,250 $ 533,215 $ 536,465 $ — $ 5,579 December 31, 2017 Real Estate Secured: Construction & development $ — $ — $ 227 $ 227 $ 25,248 $ 25,475 $ — $ 226 Farmland 188 — 308 496 32,857 33,353 — 3,610 Residential 395 334 710 1,439 197,681 199,120 — 1,211 Commercial mortgage — — 194 194 125,467 125,661 — 194 Non-Real Estate Secured: Commercial & agricultural 70 — 23 93 25,579 25,672 — 94 Consumer & other 2 24 — 26 15,564 15,590 — — Total $ 655 $ 358 $ 1,462 $ 2,475 $ 422,396 $ 424,871 $ — $ 5,335 Impaired Loans A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that the Bank will be unable to collect all contractual principal and interest payments due in accordance with the original or modified terms of the loan agreement. Smaller balance homogenous loans may be collectively evaluated for impairment. Non-homogenous impaired loans are either measured based on the estimated fair value of the collateral less estimated cost to sell if the loan is considered collateral dependent, or measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows if not collateral dependent. The valuation of real estate collateral is subjective in nature and may be adjusted in future periods because of changes in economic conditions. Management considers third-party appraisals, as well as independent fair market value assessments in determining the estimated fair value of particular properties. In addition, as certain of these third-party appraisals and independent fair market value assessments are only updated periodically, changes in the values of specific properties may have occurred subsequent to the most recent appraisals. Accordingly, the amounts of any such potential changes and any related adjustments are generally recorded at the time such information is received. When the measurement of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, impairment is recognized by creating or adjusting an allocation of the allowance for loan losses and uncollected accrued interest is reversed against interest income. If ultimate collection of principal is in doubt, all cash receipts on impaired loans are applied to reduce the principal balance. As of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, the recorded investment in impaired loans totaled $10.3 million and $12.3 million. The total amount of collateral-dependent impaired loans at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, was $2.8 million and $3.7 million. As of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, $3.4 million and $3.7 million of the recorded investment in impaired loans did not have a related allowance. The Bank had $7.3 million and $8.6 million in troubled debt restructured loans included in impaired loans at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The categories of non-accrual loans and impaired loans overlap, although they are not coextensive. The Bank considers all circumstances regarding the loan and borrower on an individual basis when determining whether an impaired loan should be placed on non-accrual status, such as the financial strength of the borrower, the estimated collateral value, reasons for the delay, payment record, the amount past due and the number of days past due. In 2015, management began collectively evaluating performing TDRs with a loan balance of $250,000 or less for impairment. As of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, $4.7 million and $5.7 million of TDRs included in the following table were evaluated collectively for impairment and were deemed to have $259 thousand and $303 thousand of related allowance. The following table is a summary of information related to impaired loans as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017: Impaired Loans (dollars in thousands) Recorded Investment 1 Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized December 31, 2018 With no related allowance recorded: Construction & development $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Farmland 3,284 3,284 — 3,523 23 Residential 85 85 — 448 13 Commercial mortgage — — — — — Commercial & agricultural — 24 — — — Consumer & other — — — — — Subtotal 3,369 3,393 — 3,971 36 With an allowance recorded: Construction & development 69 69 4 306 11 Farmland 1,539 1,539 38 1,568 86 Residential 5,005 5,162 241 5,348 266 Commercial mortgage 275 358 15 522 27 Commercial & agricultural 37 37 2 47 3 Consumer & other 4 4 — 4 — Subtotal 6,929 7,169 300 7,795 393 Totals: Construction & development 69 69 4 306 11 Farmland 4,823 4,823 38 5,091 109 Residential 5,090 5,247 241 5,796 279 Commercial mortgage 275 358 15 522 27 Commercial & agricultural 37 61 2 47 3 Consumer & other 4 4 — 4 — Total $ 10,298 $ 10,562 $ 300 $ 11,766 $ 429 1 Recorded investment is the loan balance, net of any charge-offs (dollars in thousands) Recorded Investment 1 Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized December 31, 2017 With no related allowance recorded: Construction & development $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Farmland 3,422 3,456 — 3,774 10 Residential 300 300 — 300 8 Commercial mortgage — — — — — Commercial & agricultural — 26 — 27 — Consumer & other — — — — 2 Subtotal 3,722 3,782 — 4,101 20 With an allowance recorded: Construction & development 361 361 16 718 111 Farmland 1,936 1,936 58 2,224 135 Residential 5,647 5,832 284 6,209 290 Commercial mortgage 602 737 33 1,020 54 Commercial & agricultural 55 55 3 89 13 Consumer & other — — — 2 — Subtotal 8,601 8,921 394 10,262 603 Totals: Construction & development 361 361 16 718 111 Farmland 5,358 5,392 58 5,998 145 Residential 5,947 6,132 284 6,509 298 Commercial mortgage 602 737 33 1,020 54 Commercial & agricultural 55 81 3 116 13 Consumer & other — — — 2 2 Total $ 12,323 $ 12,703 $ 394 $ 14,363 $ 623 1 Recorded investment is the loan balance, net of any charge-offs Troubled Debt Restructuring A troubled debt restructured loan is a loan for which the Bank, for reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that the Bank would not otherwise consider. The loan terms which have been modified or restructured due to a borrower’s financial difficulty, include but are not limited to: a reduction in the stated interest rate; an extension of the maturity at an interest rate below current market; a reduction in the face amount of the debt; a reduction in the accrued interest; or re-aging, extensions, deferrals and renewals. The following table sets forth information with respect to the Bank’s troubled debt restructurings as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017: TDRs identified during the period TDRs identified in the last twelve months that subsequently defaulted (1) (dollars in thousands) Number of contracts Pre- modification outstanding recorded investment Post- modification outstanding recorded investment Number of contracts Pre- modification outstanding recorded investment Post- modification outstanding recorded investment December 31, 2018 Construction & development — $ — $ — — $ — $ — Farmland — — — — — — Residential 2 80 95 — — — Commercial mortgage — — — — — — Commercial & agricultural — — — — — — Consumer & other 1 5 4 — — — Total 3 $ 85 $ 99 — $ — $ — During the twelve months ended December 31, 2018, three loans were modified that were considered to be TDRs. Term concessions were granted and additional funds were advanced for legal expenses and property taxes. No TDRs identified in the last twelve months subsequently defaulted in the year ended December 31, 2018. (1) Loans past due 30 days or more are considered to be in default. TDRs identified during the period TDRs identified in the last twelve months that subsequently defaulted (1) (dollars in thousands) Number of contracts Pre- modification outstanding recorded investment Post- modification outstanding recorded investment Number of contracts Pre- modification outstanding recorded investment Post- modification outstanding recorded investment December 31, 2017 Construction & development — $ — $ — — $ — $ — Farmland 2 298 298 — — — Residential 1 48 48 — — — Commercial mortgage — — — — — — Commercial & agricultural — — — — — — Consumer & other — — — — — — Total 3 $ 346 $ 346 — $ — $ — During the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, three loans were modified that were considered to be TDRs. Term concessions only were granted and no additional funds were advanced. No TDRs identified in the last twelve months subsequently defaulted in the year ended December 31, 2017. (1) Loans past due 30 days or more are considered to be in default. Purchased Credit Impaired Loans There were no purchased credit impaired loans as of December 31, 2017. During 2018, the Company acquired loans as a result of the Great State merger, for which there was, at acquisition, evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination and it was probable, at acquisition, that all contractually required payments would not be collected. The carrying amount of those loans at December 31, 2018 was a follows: (dollars in thousands) 2018 Residential $ 167 Commercial mortgage 347 Commercial & agricultural 200 Outstanding balance $ 714 Carrying amount $ 714 There was no accretable yield on purchased credit impaired loans for the period presented. Purchased credit impaired loans acquired during the year ended December 31, 2018 for which it was probable at acquisition that all contractually required payments would not be collected are as follows: (dollars in thousands) 2018 Contractually required payments receivable of loans purchased during the year: Residential $ 233 Commercial mortgage 1,724 Commercial & agricultural 221 $ 2,178 Cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition $ 1,781 Fair value of acquired loans at acquisition $ 1,781 Income is not recognized on purchased credit impaired loans if the Company cannot reasonably estimate cash flows expected to be collected. The carrying amounts of such loans are as follows: (dollars in thousands) 2018 Loans at beginning of year $ — Loans purchased during the year $ 1,781 Loans at December 31, 2018 $ 714 |