Allowance for Loan Losses and Impaired Loans | Note 5. Allowance for Loan Losses and Impaired Loans Allowance for Loan Losses The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level believed to be sufficient to provide for estimated loan losses based on evaluating known and inherent risks in the loan portfolio. The allowance is provided based upon management’s comprehensive analysis of the pertinent factors underlying the quality of the loan portfolio. These factors include changes in the amount and composition of the loan portfolio, delinquency levels, actual loss experience, current economic conditions, and detailed analysis of individual loans for which the full collectability may not be assured. The detailed analysis includes methods to estimate the fair value of loan collateral and the existence of potential alternative sources of repayment. The allowance consists of specific and general components. The specific component is calculated on an individual basis for larger-balance, non-homogeneous loans, which are considered impaired. A specific allowance is established when the discounted cash flows, collateral value (less disposal costs), or observable market price of the impaired loan is lower than its carrying value. The specific component of the allowance for smaller-balance loans whose terms have been modified in a troubled debt restructuring (TDR) is calculated on a pooled basis considering historical experience adjusted for qualitative factors. These smaller-balance TDRs were collectively evaluated for impairment. The general component covers the remaining loan portfolio, and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors. The appropriateness of the allowance for loan losses on loans is estimated based upon these factors and trends identified by management at the time financial statements are prepared. A provision for loan losses is charged against operations and is added to the allowance for loan losses based on quarterly comprehensive analyses of the loan portfolio. The allowance for loan losses is allocated to certain loan categories based on the relative risk characteristics, asset classifications and actual loss experience of the loan portfolio. While management has allocated the allowance for loan losses to various loan portfolio segments, the allowance is general in nature and is available for the loan portfolio in its entirety. The following table presents activity in the allowance by loan category and information on the loans evaluated individually for impairment and collectively evaluated for impairment as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018: Allowance for Loan Losses and Recorded Investment in Loans (dollars in thousands) Construction & Development Farmland Residential Commercial Mortgage Commercial & Agricultural Consumer & Other Total For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Allowance for loan losses: Balance, December 31, 2018 $ 246 $ 385 $ 1,807 $ 682 $ 281 $ 94 $ 3,495 Charge-offs — (14) (12) (41) (44) (52) (163) Recoveries — — 7 28 2 11 48 Provision 22 36 (69) 28 146 75 238 Balance, March 31, 2019 $ 268 $ 407 $ 1,733 $ 697 $ 385 $ 128 $ 3,618 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 Allowance for loan losses: Balance, December 31, 2017 $ 239 $ 358 $ 1,875 $ 619 $ 282 $ 80 $ 3,453 Charge-offs (12) — (117) — — (19) (148) Recoveries — 34 10 — 2 10 56 Provision 20 (70) 128 (10) (17) 3 54 Balance, March 31, 2018 $ 247 $ 322 $ 1,896 $ 609 $ 267 $ 74 $ 3,415 March 31, 2019 Allowance for loan losses: Ending Balance $ 268 $ 407 $ 1,733 $ 697 $ 385 $ 128 $ 3,618 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 46 $ 10 $ — $ — $ — $ 56 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 268 $ 361 $ 1,723 $ 697 $ 385 $ 128 $ 3,562 Ending balance: purchased credit impaired loans $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Loans outstanding: Ending Balance $ 33,682 $ 33,576 $ 237,550 $ 172,374 $ 37,484 $ 18,930 $ 533,596 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 4,411 $ 1,014 $ — $ — $ — $ 5,425 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 33,682 $ 29,165 $ 236,375 $ 172,038 $ 37,284 $ 18,930 $ 527,474 Ending balance: purchased credit impaired loans $ — $ — $ 161 $ 336 $ 200 $ — $ 697 December 31, 2018 Allowance for loan losses: Ending Balance $ 246 $ 385 $ 1,807 $ 682 $ 281 $ 94 $ 3,495 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 29 $ 12 $ — $ — $ — $ 41 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 246 $ 356 $ 1,795 $ 682 $ 281 $ 94 $ 3,454 Ending balance: purchased credit impaired loans $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Loans outstanding: Ending Balance $ 33,449 $ 33,291 $ 235,689 $ 176,192 $ 37,491 $ 20,353 $ 536,465 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 4,552 $ 1,018 $ — $ — $ — $ 5,570 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 33,449 $ 28,739 $ 234,504 $ 175,845 $ 37,291 $ 20,353 $ 530,181 Ending balance: purchased credit impaired loans $ — $ — $ 167 $ 347 $ 200 $ — $ 714 As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Bank had no unallocated reserves included in the allowance for loan losses. Management closely monitors the quality of the loan portfolio and has established a loan review process designed to help grade the quality of the Bank’s loan portfolio. The Bank’s loan ratings coincide with the “Substandard,” “Doubtful” and “Loss” classifications used by federal regulators in their examination of financial institutions. Generally, an asset is considered Substandard if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligors and/or the collateral pledged. Substandard assets include those characterized by the distinct possibility that the insured financial institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in assets classified Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, highly questionable and improbable. Assets classified as Loss are those considered uncollectible, and of such little value that its continuance on the books is not warranted. Assets that do not currently expose the insured financial institutions to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories but otherwise possess weaknesses are designated “Special Mention.” Management also maintains a listing of loans designated “Watch”. These loans represent borrowers with declining earnings, strained cash flow, increasing leverage and/or weakening market fundamentals that indicate above average risk. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, the Bank had no loans graded “Doubtful” or “Loss” included in the balance of total loans outstanding. The following table lists the loan grades utilized by the Bank and the corresponding total of outstanding loans in each category as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018: Credit Risk Profile by Internally Assigned Grades Loan Grades (dollars in thousands) Pass Watch Special Mention Substandard Total March 31, 2019 Real Estate Secured: Construction & development $ 30,903 $ 1,998 $ 762 $ 19 $ 33,682 Farmland 23,545 4,915 731 4,385 33,576 Residential 214,484 19,224 1,210 2,632 237,550 Commercial mortgage 142,625 25,520 1,190 3,039 172,374 Non-Real Estate Secured: Commercial & agricultural 32,074 2,821 172 2,417 37,484 Consumer & other 17,414 1,502 — 14 18,930 Total $ 461,045 $ 55,980 $ 4,065 $ 12,506 $ 533,596 December 31, 2018 Real Estate Secured: Construction & development $ 31,237 $ 2,044 $ 147 $ 21 $ 33,449 Farmland 23,250 4,933 750 4,358 33,291 Residential 213,670 18,794 299 2,926 235,689 Commercial mortgage 148,179 23,468 1,212 3,333 176,192 Non-Real Estate Secured: Commercial & agricultural 33,537 2,908 70 976 37,491 Consumer & other 18,975 1,364 — 14 20,353 Total $ 468,848 $ 53,511 $ 2,478 $ 11,628 $ 536,465 Loans may be placed in nonaccrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payments as they become due. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received. Payments received are first applied to principal, and any remaining funds are then applied to interest. Loans are removed from nonaccrual status when they are deemed a loss and charged to the allowance, transferred to foreclosed assets, or returned to accrual status based upon performance consistent with the original terms of the loan or a subsequent restructuring thereof. The following table presents an age analysis of nonaccrual and past due loans by category as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018: Analysis of Past Due and Nonaccrual Loans (dollars in thousands) 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due Total Past Due Current Total Loans 90+ Days Past Due and Still Accruing Nonaccrual Loans March 31, 2019 Real Estate Secured: Construction & development $ — $ 37 $ — $ 37 $ 33,645 $ 33,682 $ — $ — Farmland — — 1,402 1,402 32,174 33,576 — 4,232 Residential 555 51 474 1,081 236,469 237,550 — 612 Commercial mortgage 81 — 485 567 171,807 172,374 — 485 Non-Real Estate Secured: Commercial & agricultural 1 20 264 285 37,199 37,484 — 269 Consumer & other 8 3 13 24 18,906 18,930 — 13 Total $ 645 $ 111 $ 2,638 $ 3,394 $ 530,202 $ 533,596 $ — $ 5,611 December 31, 2018 Real Estate Secured: Construction & development $ 29 $ — $ — $ 29 $ 33,420 $ 33,449 $ — $ — Farmland 71 100 989 1,160 32,131 33,291 — 3,914 Residential 762 145 241 1,148 234,541 235,689 — 653 Commercial mortgage — — 604 604 175,588 176,192 — 740 Non-Real Estate Secured: Commercial & agricultural 7 — 264 271 37,220 37,491 — 264 Consumer & other 12 18 8 38 20,315 20,353 — 8 Total $ 881 $ 263 $ 2,106 $ 3,250 $ 533,215 $ 536,465 $ — $ 5,579 Impaired Loans A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that the Bank will be unable to collect all contractual principal and interest payments due in accordance with the original or modified terms of the loan agreement. Smaller balance homogenous loans may be collectively evaluated for impairment. Non-homogenous impaired loans are either measured based on the estimated fair value of the collateral less estimated cost to sell if the loan is considered collateral dependent, or measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows if not collateral dependent. The valuation of real estate collateral is subjective in nature and may be adjusted in future periods because of changes in economic conditions. Management considers third-party appraisals, as well as independent fair market value assessments in determining the estimated fair value of particular properties. In addition, as certain of these third-party appraisals and independent fair market value assessments are only updated periodically, changes in the values of specific properties may have occurred subsequent to the most recent appraisals. Accordingly, the amounts of any such potential changes and any related adjustments are generally recorded at the time such information is received. When the measurement of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, impairment is recognized by creating or adjusting an allocation of the allowance for loan losses and uncollected accrued interest is reversed against interest income. If ultimate collection of principal is in doubt, all cash receipts on impaired loans are applied to reduce the principal balance. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, the recorded investment in impaired loans totaled $9.9 million and $10.3 million. The total amount of collateral-dependent impaired loans at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, was $2.7 million and $2.8 million. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, $3.2 million and $3.4 million of the recorded investment in impaired loans did not have a related allowance. The Bank had $7.1 million and $7.3 million in troubled debt restructured loans included in impaired loans at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The categories of non-accrual loans and impaired loans overlap, although they are not coextensive. The Bank considers all circumstances regarding the loan and borrower on an individual basis when determining whether an impaired loan should be placed on non-accrual status, such as the financial strength of the borrower, the estimated collateral value, reasons for the delay, payment record, the amount past due and the number of days past due. In 2015, management began collectively evaluating performing TDRs with a loan balance of $250,000 or less for impairment. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, $4.5 million and $4.7 million of TDRs included in the following table were evaluated collectively for impairment and were deemed to have $234 thousand and $259 thousand of related allowance. The following table is a summary of information related to impaired loans as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018: Impaired Loans Three months ended (dollars in thousands) Recorded Investment 1 Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized March 31, 2019 With no related allowance recorded: Construction & development $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Farmland 3,154 3,154 — 3,219 6 Residential 84 84 — 85 1 Commercial mortgage — — — — — Commercial & agricultural — 24 — — — Consumer & other — — — — — Subtotal 3,238 3,262 — 3,304 7 With an allowance recorded: Construction & development 67 67 4 68 1 Farmland 1,528 1,528 54 1,533 19 Residential 4,842 4,991 220 5,055 70 Commercial mortgage 199 244 11 273 3 Commercial & agricultural 36 36 2 37 1 Consumer & other 4 4 — 4 — Subtotal 6,676 6,870 291 6,970 94 Totals: Construction & development 67 67 4 68 1 Farmland 4,682 4,682 54 4,752 25 Residential 4,926 5,075 220 5,140 71 Commercial mortgage 199 244 11 273 3 Commercial & agricultural 36 60 2 37 1 Consumer & other 4 4 — 4 — Total $ 9,914 $ 10,132 $ 291 $ 10,274 $ 101 1 Recorded investment is the loan balance, net of any charge-offs (dollars in thousands) Recorded Investment 1 Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized December 31, 2018 With no related allowance recorded: Construction & development $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Farmland 3,284 3,284 — 3,523 23 Residential 85 85 — 448 13 Commercial mortgage — — — — — Commercial & agricultural — 24 — — — Consumer & other — — — — — Subtotal 3,369 3,393 — 3,971 36 With an allowance recorded: Construction & development 69 69 4 306 11 Farmland 1,539 1,539 38 1,568 86 Residential 5,005 5,162 241 5,348 266 Commercial mortgage 275 358 15 522 27 Commercial & agricultural 37 37 2 47 3 Consumer & other 4 4 — 4 — Subtotal 6,929 7,169 300 7,795 393 Totals: Construction & development 69 69 4 306 11 Farmland 4,823 4,823 38 5,091 109 Residential 5,090 5,247 241 5,796 279 Commercial mortgage 275 358 15 522 27 Commercial & agricultural 37 61 2 47 3 Consumer & other 4 4 — 4 — Total $ 10,298 $ 10,562 $ 300 $ 11,766 $ 429 1 Recorded investment is the loan balance, net of any charge-offs Troubled Debt Restructuring A troubled debt restructured loan is a loan for which the Bank, for reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that the Bank would not otherwise consider. The loan terms which have been modified or restructured due to a borrower’s financial difficulty, include but are not limited to: a reduction in the stated interest rate; an extension of the maturity at an interest rate below current market; a reduction in the face amount of the debt; a reduction in the accrued interest; or re-aging, extensions, deferrals and renewals. Troubled debt restructured loans are considered impaired loans. The following table sets forth information with respect to the Bank’s troubled debt restructurings as of March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018: For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 TDRs identified during the period TDRs identified in the last twelve months that subsequently defaulted (1) (dollars in thousands) Number of contracts Pre- modification outstanding recorded investment Post- modification outstanding recorded investment Number of contracts Pre- modification outstanding recorded investment Post- modification outstanding recorded investment Construction & development — $ — $ — — $ — $ — Farmland — — — — — — Residential 1 117 129 — — — Commercial mortgage — — — — — — Commercial & agricultural — — — — — — Consumer & other — — — — — — Total 1 $ 117 $ 129 — $ — $ — (1) Loans past due 30 days or more are considered to be in default. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, one loan was modified that was considered to be a TDR. Term concessions were granted and additional funds were advanced for legal expenses and property taxes. No TDRs identified in the last twelve months subsequently defaulted in the quarter ended March 31, 2019. For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 TDRs identified during the period TDRs identified in the last twelve months that subsequently defaulted (1) (dollars in thousands) Number of contracts Pre- modification outstanding recorded investment Post- modification outstanding recorded investment Number of contracts Pre- modification outstanding recorded investment Post- modification outstanding recorded investment Construction & development — $ — $ — — $ — $ — Farmland — — — — — — Residential — — — — — — Commercial mortgage — — — — — — Commercial & agricultural — — — — — — Consumer & other — — — — — — Total — $ — $ — — $ — $ — (1) Loans past due 30 days or more are considered to be in default. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, no loans were modified that were considered to be a TDR. No TDRs identified in the last twelve months subsequently defaulted in the quarter ended March 31, 2018. Purchased Credit Impaired Loans During 2018, the Company acquired loans as a result of the Great State merger, for which there was, at acquisition, evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination and it was probable, at acquisition, that all contractually required payments would not be collected. The carrying amount of those loans at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows: (dollars in thousands) 2019 2018 Residential $ 161 $ 167 Commercial mortgage 336 347 Commercial & agricultural 200 200 Outstanding balance $ 697 $ 714 Carrying amount $ 697 $ 714 There was no accretable yield on purchased credit impaired loans for the period presented. There were no purchased credit impaired loans acquired during the three months ended March 31, 2019. Purchased credit impaired loans acquired during the year ended December 31, 2018 for which it was probable at acquisition that all contractually required payments would not be collected are as follows: (dollars in thousands) 2018 Contractually required payments receivable of loans purchased during the year: Residential $ 233 Commercial mortgage 1,724 Commercial & agricultural 221 $ 2,178 Cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition $ 1,781 Fair value of acquired loans at acquisition $ 1,781 Income is not recognized on purchased credit impaired loans if the Company cannot reasonably estimate cash flows expected to be collected. The carrying amounts of such loans as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows: (dollars in thousands) 2019 2018 Loans at beginning of year $ 714 $ — Loans purchased during the year $ — $ 1,781 Loans at end of period $ 697 $ 714 |