Stock-Based Compensation | Note 6—Stock-Based Compensation Long Term Incentive Plan On October 7, 2016, the stockholders of the Company approved the Centennial Resource Development, Inc. 2016 Long Term Incentive Plan (the “LTIP”). An aggregate of 16,500,000 shares of Class A Common Stock were authorized for issuance under the LTIP, and as of September 30, 2018 , the Company had 9,795,116 shares of Class A Common Stock available for future grants. The LTIP provides for grants of stock options (including incentive stock options and nonqualified stock options), stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, dividend equivalents, restricted stock units and other stock or cash-based awards. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized within both General and administrative expenses and Exploration expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The expense amounts in the table below may not be representative of future expense amounts to be recognized as the value of future awards may vary from historical award amounts. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-09 in October 2016, the Company elected to account for forfeitures of awards granted under the LTIP as they occur in determining compensation expense. The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense recognized for the periods presented: For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30, (in thousands) 2018 2017 2018 2017 Restricted stock awards $ 2,393 $ 1,490 $ 6,157 $ 3,364 Stock option awards 2,337 2,104 6,853 5,825 Performance stock units 611 231 1,319 231 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 5,341 $ 3,825 $ 14,329 $ 9,420 Restricted Stock The following table provides information about restricted stock awards outstanding during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 : Awards Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Unvested balance as of December 31, 2017 1,009,716 $ 17.64 Granted 919,306 18.38 Vested (236,701 ) 16.92 Forfeited (136,051 ) 17.70 Unvested balance as of September 30, 2018 1,556,270 18.18 The Company grants service-based restricted stock awards to executive officers and employees, which generally vest ratably over a three -year service period, and to directors, which generally vest over a one -year service period. Compensation cost for the service-based restricted stock awards is based upon the grant-date fair value of the award, and such costs are recognized ratably over the applicable vesting period. The weighted average grant-date fair value for restricted stock awards granted was $18.38 per share and $17.21 per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. The total fair value of restricted stock awards that vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $4.4 million , and no awards vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 . Unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted shares that were unvested as of September 30, 2018 was $23.5 million , which the Company expects to recognize over a weighted average period of 2.3 years. Stock Options Stock options that have been granted under the LTIP expire ten years from the grant date and vest ratably over a three -year service period. The exercise price for an option granted under the LTIP is the closing price of the Company’s Class A Common Stock as reported on the NASDAQ on the date of grant. Compensation cost related to stock options is based on the grant-date fair value of the award, recognized ratably over the applicable vesting period. The Company estimates the fair value using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Expected volatilities are based on the weighted average asset volatility of the Company and identified set of comparable companies. Expected term is based on the simplified method and is estimated as the mid-point between the weighted average vesting term and the time to expiration as of the grant date. The Company uses U.S. Treasury bond rates in effect at the grant date for its risk-free interest rates. The following table summarizes the assumptions and related information used to determine the grant-date fair value of stock options awarded during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 : For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 2017 Weighted average grant-date fair value per share $ 7.74 $ 7.15 Expected term (in years) 6 6 Expected stock volatility 41.4 % 38.1 % Dividend yield — % — % Risk-free interest rate 2.6 % 2.0 % The following table provides information about stock option awards outstanding during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 : Options Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Term (in years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) Outstanding as of December 31, 2017 4,290,001 $ 16.15 Granted 358,500 17.78 Exercised (52,331 ) 16.18 $ 192 Forfeited (225,337 ) 15.80 Expired (4,166 ) 16.60 Outstanding as of September 30, 2018 4,366,667 16.30 8.4 24,218 Exercisable as of September 30, 2018 1,223,811 15.98 8.2 7,179 The total fair value of stock options that vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $3.7 million , and no awards vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 . As of September 30, 2018 , there was $13.5 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options, which the Company expects to recognize on a pro-rata basis over a weighted average period of 1.6 years. Performance Stock Units The Company grants to certain executive officers performance stock units that are subject to market-based vesting criteria as well as a three -year service period. Vesting at the end of the three -year service period is subject to the condition that the Company’s stock price increases by a greater percentage, or decreases by a lesser percentage, than the average percentage increase or decrease, respectively, of the stock prices of a peer group of companies. The market-based conditions must be met in order for the stock awards to vest, and it is, therefore, possible that no shares could vest. However, the Company recognizes compensation expense for the performance stock units subject to market conditions regardless of whether it becomes probable that these conditions will be achieved or not and compensation expense is not reversed if vesting does not actually occur. The grant-date fair value was estimated using a Monte Carlo valuation model. The Monte Carlo valuation model is based on random projections of stock price paths and must be repeated numerous times to achieve a probabilistic assessment. Expected volatility was calculated based on the historical volatility of our common stock, and the risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury yield curve rates with maturities consistent with the three -year vesting period. The following table summarizes the key assumptions and related information used to determine the grant-date fair value of performance stock units awarded during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 : For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 2017 Weighted average grant-date fair value per share $ 22.35 $ 21.53 Number of simulations 1,000,000 1,000,000 Expected stock volatility 40.2 % 41.6 % Dividend yield — % — % Risk-free interest rate 2.8 % 1.5 % The following table provides information about performance stock units outstanding during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 : Awards Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Outstanding as of December 31, 2017 193,391 $ 21.53 Vested — — Granted 193,068 22.35 Forfeited — — Outstanding as of September 30, 2018 386,459 21.94 As of September 30, 2018 , there was $6.6 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to performance stock units that were unvested, which the Company expects to recognize on a pro-rata basis over a weighted average period of 2.4 years. |