Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Note 1—Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Description of Business Centennial Resource Development, Inc. is an independent oil and natural gas company focused on the development of unconventional oil and associated liquids-rich natural gas reserves in the Permian Basin. The Company’s assets are concentrated in the Delaware Basin, a sub-basin of the Permian Basin, and its properties consist of large, contiguous acreage blocks located in West Texas and New Mexico. Unless otherwise specified or the context otherwise requires, all references in these notes to “Centennial” or the “Company” are to Centennial Resource Development, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiary, Centennial Resource Production, LLC (“CRP”). Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its majority owned subsidiary CRP, and CRP’s wholly-owned subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Noncontrolling interests represent third-party ownership in CRP, and it is presented as a component of equity. See Note 9—Shareholders' Equity and Noncontrolling Interest for discussion on noncontrolling interest. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Such reclassifications had no impact on net income, cash flows or shareholders’ equity previously reported. Use of Estimates The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements requires the Company’s management to make various assumptions, judgments and estimates to determine the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and disclosures of commitments and contingencies. Changes in these assumptions, judgments, and estimates will occur as a result of the passage of time and the occurrence of future events, and accordingly, actual results could differ from amounts previously established. The more significant areas requiring the use of assumptions, judgments and estimates include: (i) oil and natural gas reserves; (ii) cash flow estimates used in impairment tests of long-lived assets; (iii) impairment expense of unproved properties; (iv) depreciation, depletion and amortization; (v) asset retirement obligations; (vi) determining fair value and allocating purchase price in connection with business combinations and asset acquisitions; (vii) accrued revenues and related receivables; (viii) accrued liabilities; (ix) valuation of derivatives; and (x) deferred income taxes. Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash The Company considers all highly liquid instruments with an original maturity of three months or less at the time of issuance to be cash equivalents. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents approximates fair value because of the short-term maturity of these investments. From time to time, the Company is required to maintain cash in separate accounts, the use of which is restricted by the terms of contracted arrangements. Such amounts are included in Prepaid and other current assets and Other noncurrent assets as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable consists mainly of receivables from oil and natural gas purchasers and from joint interest owners on properties the Company operates. For receivables from joint interest owners, the Company typically has the ability to withhold future revenue disbursements to recover non-payment of joint interest billings. Accordingly, the Company’s oil and natural gas receivables are generally collected, and the Company has minimal bad debts. Although diversified among many companies, collectability is dependent upon the financial wherewithal of each individual company and is influenced by the general economic conditions of the industry. Receivables are not collateralized, and the Company therefore establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts equal to the portions of its accounts receivable for which collectability is not reasonably assured. Th e Company had $0.1 million in allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 2019 and none as of December 31, 2018 . Credit Risk and Other Concentrations Centennial is exposed to credit risk in the event of nonpayment by counterparties. The Company normally sells production to a relatively small number of customers, as is customary in its business. The table below presents percentages by purchaser that accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s total net revenues for each year as presented: Year Ended December 31, 2019 2018 2017 BP America 37 % 18 % 16 % ExxonMobil Oil Corporation 26 % — % — % Shell Trading (US) Company 11 % 19 % 33 % Eagleclaw Midstream Ventures, LLC 8 % 12 % 14 % During these periods, no other purchaser accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s net revenues. The loss of any of the Company’s major purchasers could materially and adversely affect its revenues in the short-term. However, based on the current demand for oil and natural gas and the availability of other purchasers, the Company believes that the loss of any major purchaser would not have a material adverse effect on its financial condition and results of operations because crude oil and natural gas are fungible products with well-established markets and numerous purchasers. By using derivative instruments to economically hedge exposures to changes in commodity prices, the Company also exposes itself to credit risk. When the fair value of a derivative contract is positive, the counterparty owes the Company, which creates credit risk. The Company minimizes the credit risk in derivative instruments by: (i) limiting its exposure to any single counterparty; and (ii) only entering into hedging arrangements with counterparties that are also participants in CRP’s credit agreement, all of which have investment-grade credit ratings. Oil and Natural Gas Properties The Company’s oil and natural gas producing activities are accounted for using the successful efforts method of accounting. Under the successful efforts method, the costs incurred to acquire, drill, and complete development wells are capitalized to proved properties. Exploration costs, including personnel and other internal costs, geological and geophysical expenses and delay rentals for oil and gas leases, are charged to expense as incurred. Costs of drilling exploratory wells, on the other hand, are initially capitalized but are charged to expense if the well is determined to be unsuccessful. Costs to operate, repair and maintain wells and field equipment are expensed as incurred. The Company capitalizes interest on expenditures made in connection with exploration and development projects that are not subject to current amortization. Interest is capitalized only for the period that activities are in process to bring the projects to their intended use. Capitalized interest cannot exceed interest expense for the period capitalized. The Company capitalized interest of $4.1 million , $2.9 million and $1.2 million during the years ended December 31, 2019 , 2018 and 2017 , respectively. Proved Properties. Costs incurred to obtain access to proved reserves and to provide facilities for extracting, treating, gathering and storing oil, natural gas and NGLs are capitalized. All costs incurred to drill and equip successful exploratory wells, development wells, development-type stratigraphic test wells, extension wells and service wells, are capitalized. Capitalized proved property acquisition and development costs are depleted using a units-of production method based on the remaining life of proved and proved developed reserves, respectively. Net carrying values of retired, sold or abandoned properties that constitute less than a complete unit of depreciable property are charged or credited, net of proceeds, to accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization unless doing so significantly affects the unit-of-production amortization rate, in which case a gain or loss is recognized. Gains or losses from the disposal of complete units of depreciable property are recognized to the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company reviews its proved oil and natural gas properties for impairment whenever events and circumstances indicate that there could be a possible decline in the recoverability of the carrying amount of such property. The Company estimates the expected future cash flows of its oil and natural gas properties and compares these undiscounted cash flows to the carrying amount of the oil and natural gas properties to determine if the carrying amount is recoverable. If the carrying amount exceeds the estimated undiscounted future cash flows, the Company will write down the carrying amount of the oil and natural gas properties to fair value. The factors used to determine fair value include, but are not limited to, estimates of reserves, future commodity prices, future production estimates, estimated future capital and operating expenditures and discount rates, which are based on a weighted average cost of capital. There were no impairments of proved oil and natural gas properties for the years ended December 31, 2019 , 2018 and 2017 . Unproved Properties. Unproved properties consist of costs to acquire undeveloped leases as well as costs to acquire unproved reserves, and they are both capitalized as incurred. These consist of costs incurred in obtaining a mineral interest or a right in a property such as a lease, in addition to broker fees, recording fees and other similar costs related to acquiring properties. Leasehold costs are classified as unproved until proved reserves are discovered on or otherwise attributed to the property, at which time the related unproved property costs are transferred to proved oil and natural gas properties. The Company evaluates significant unproved properties for impairment based on remaining lease term, drilling results, reservoir performance, seismic interpretation or changes in future plans to develop acreage. Unproved properties that are not individually significant are aggregated by prospect or geographically, and the portion of such costs estimated to be nonproductive prior to lease expiration is amortized over the average holding period. The estimate of what could be nonproductive is based on the Company’s historical experience or other information, including current drilling plans and existing geological data. Impairment and amortization of unproved properties are included in Impairment and abandonment expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Other Property and Equipment Other property and equipment includes office furniture and equipment, buildings, vehicles, computer hardware and software and is recorded at cost. These assets are depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives which range from three to twenty years . Equipment upgrades and improvements are capitalized while expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. When other property and equipment is sold or retired, the capitalized costs and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and a gain or loss is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as needed. Debt Issuance Costs and Discount Debt issuance costs related to the Company’s revolving credit facility are included in the line item Other Noncurrent Assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. These costs are amortized to interest expense on a straight-line basis over the borrowing term. Issuance costs incurred in connection with the Company’s Senior Notes offerings and any related issuance discount are deferred and charged to interest expense over the term of the agreement; however, these amounts are reflected as a reduction of the related obligation in the line item Long-term debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Derivative Financial Instruments In order to mitigate its exposure to oil and natural gas price volatility, the Company may periodically use derivative instruments, such as swaps, costless collars, basis swaps, and other similar agreements. To the extent legal right of offset exists with a counterparty, the Company reports derivative assets and liabilities on a net basis. The Company records derivative instruments in its Consolidated Balance Sheets as either an asset or liability measured at fair value. The commodity derivative instruments are accounted for using mark-to-market accounting where all gains and losses are recognized in earnings during the period in which they are incurred. The Company’s derivatives have not been designated as hedges for accounting purposes. Asset Retirement Obligations The Company recognizes a liability for the estimated future costs associated with abandonment of its oil and natural gas properties. A liability for the fair value of an asset retirement obligation and corresponding increase to the carrying value of the related long-lived asset are recorded at the time a well is drilled or acquired. The fair value of the liability recognized is based on the present value of the estimated future cash outflows associated with its plug and abandonment obligations. The Company depletes the amount added to proved oil and natural gas property costs and recognizes expense in connection with the accretion of the discounted liability over the remaining estimated economic lives of the respective oil and natural gas properties. Revisions typically occur due to changes in estimated abandonment costs or well economic lives, or if federal or state regulators enact new requirements regarding the abandonment of wells. Revenue Recognition The Company derives revenue primarily from the sale of produced oil, natural gas, and NGLs. Revenue is recognized when a performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control of the produced oil, natural gas or NGLs to the customer. For all commodity products, the Company records revenue in the month production is delivered to the purchaser based on estimates of the amount of production delivered to the purchaser and the price the Company will receive. Payments are generally received between 30 and 90 days after the date of production. Variances between estimated sales and actual amounts received are insignificant and are recorded in the month payment is received. Refer to Note 14—Revenues for additional information. Income Taxes Income taxes are recognized based on earnings reported for tax return purposes and provisions recorded for deferred income taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on temporary differences resulting from: (i) net operating loss carryforwards for income tax purposes, and (ii) differences between the amounts recorded to the consolidated financial statements and the tax basis of assets and liabilities, as measured using enacted statutory tax rates in effect at the end of a period. The effect of a change in tax rates or tax laws is recognized in income during the period such changes are enacted. A valuation allowance for deferred tax assets is established when it is more likely than not that some portion of the benefit from deferred tax assets will not be realized. Stock-Based Compensation The Company’s stock-based compensation consists of grants of restricted stock, stock options, and performance stock units to employees and directors, as well as an employee stock purchase plan which is available to eligible employees. The Company determines compensation expense related to all stock-based awards based on their estimated grant-date fair value, and such expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the applicable service period of the award. See Note 6—Stock-Based Compensation for additional information regarding the Company’s stock-based compensation. Earnings (Loss) Per Share Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is calculated by dividing net income available to Class A Common Stock by the weighted average shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding during each period. Dilutive EPS is calculated by dividing adjusted net income available to Class A Common Stock by the weighted average number of diluted Class A Common Stock outstanding, which includes the effect of potentially dilutive securities. See Note 10—Earnings Per Share for additional information regarding the Company’s computation of EPS. Segment Reporting The Company operates in only one industry segment which is the exploration and production of oil and natural gas. All of its operations are conducted in one geographic area of the United States. All revenues are derived from customers located in the United States. Recently Issued or Adopted Accounting Standards In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases , which created Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) Topic 842, Leases (“ASC Topic 842”), superseding current lease requirements under ASC Topic 840, Leases . Subsequently in 2018, the FASB issued various ASUs which provide a practical expedient for the evaluation of existing land easement agreements, optionality in the adoption transition method, and additional implementation guidance. ASC Topic 842 and its related amendments apply to any entity that enters into a lease, with some specified scope exemptions. Under ASC Topic 842, a lessee should recognize in its consolidated balance sheet a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset, representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. While there were no major changes to lessor accounting, changes were made to align key aspects with revenue recognition guidance. ASC Topic 842 was effective for public entities for fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The standard permits retrospective application using either of the following methodologies: (i) application of the new standard at the earliest presented period or (ii) application of the new standard at the adoption date with a cumulative-effect adjustment recognized to retained earnings. The Company has adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2019 and elected to recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment at the time of adoption. The Company has elected the following practical expedients that allow an entity to carry forward historical accounting treatment relating to: (i) lease identification and classification for existing leases and (ii) existing land easements. The adoption of ASC 842 resulted in the recognition of Operating lease right-of-use assets an d Operating lease liabilities in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets for its existing operating leases including drilling rig contracts, office rental agreements, and other wellhead equipment. This adoption did not have a significant impact on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations or Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Refer to Note 15—Leases for additional information. |