Stock-Based Compensation | Note 7—Stock-Based Compensation In June 2018, the Board adopted and approved the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “IPO Plan”), which amended and restated the Company’s prior 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2013 Plan”) and became effective in connection with the IPO pricing on June 19, 2018. Prior to the effectiveness of the IPO Plan, the 2013 Plan provided for the grant of share-based awards to employees, directors and consultants of the Company. As a result of the effectiveness of the IPO Plan, no further grants may be made under the 2013 Plan. The IPO Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options to employees, and for the grant of nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards, performance-based stock awards and other forms of stock awards to employees, including officers, consultants and directors. The IPO Plan also provides for the grant of performance-based cash awards to employees, including officers, consultants and directors. The Company has initially reserved 3,738,199 shares of common stock for issuance under the IPO Plan, which is the sum of (1) 2,198,198 new shares, plus (2) the number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2013 Plan at the time the IPO Plan became effective, plus (3) any shares subject to outstanding stock options or other stock awards that would have otherwise returned to the 2013 Plan (such as upon the expiration or termination of a stock award prior to exercise). The number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the IPO Plan will automatically increase on January 1 each year, for a period of ten years, from January 1, 2019 through January 1, 2028, by 4% of the total number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding on December 31 of the preceding calendar year, or a lesser number of shares as may be determined by the Board. As of June 30, 2018, 2,112,719 shares were available for grant under the IPO Plan. Stock Options The Company’s employee stock options generally vest as follows: 25% after 12 months of continuous services and the remaining 75% on a ratable basis over a 36-month In January 2017, the Company granted 17,502 common stock options to an employee, subject to the terms and conditions of the 2013 Plan above. The stock options are subject to time vesting requirements through 2021, are nontransferable, and have term expiration dates set to expire in January 2027. At June 30, 2018, 6,199 of these options had vested. On December 22, 2017, the Board granted a stock option award for 724,315 shares of common stock to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO Stock Option Grant”) subject to the Board’s approval of a valuation report as to the value of the Company common stock. On February 12, 2018, the Board determined that the exercise price of the CEO Stock Option Grant would be equal to the greater of 1) $3.75 per share or 2) the Board’s approval of a valuation report as to the value of the Company common stock as of February 12, 2018. On March 28, 2018, the Board approved the valuation of the Company’s common stock of $6.52 per share as of February 12, 2018, which set the exercise price for 878,923 options (including 724,315 to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and 154,608 to other employees granted by the Board on December 22, 2017 and February 12, 2018, respectively) and established an accounting grant date. On February 12, 2018, the Board approved stock option awards to employees for 186,696 options to acquire common stock, with the exercise price of these awards to be established at the fair value of the Company’s common stock as of February 26, 2018 for 113,768 options and March 5, 2018 for 72,928 options. On April 24, 2018, the Board approved the valuation of the Company’s common stock of $6.86 per share as of February 26, 2018 and March 5, 2018, which set the exercise price for the 186,696 options. On April 24, 2018, the Board also approved the valuation of the Company’s common stock of $8.73 per share as of April 4, 2018, which set the exercise price for 87,514 options that were approved by the Board on March 20, 2018. An accounting grant date for these awards was established upon approval by the Board of these valuation reports on the Company’s common stock as of the applicable dates on April 24, 2018. The fair value of each employee and non-employee non-employees Prior to the Company’s IPO, in order to determine the fair value, the Company considered, among other things, contemporaneous valuations of the Company’s common stock, the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations, including related industry trends affecting its operations; the likelihood of achieving a liquidity event, such as an initial public offering, or IPO, or sale, given prevailing market conditions; the lack of marketability of the Company’s common stock; the market performance of comparable publicly traded companies; and U.S. and global economic and capital market conditions. The grant date fair value of employee stock option awards is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The following assumptions were used during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 to estimate the fair value of employee stock option awards: For the three months ended June 30, For the six months ended June 30, 2018 2017* 2018 2017 Exercise price $6.86 - $15.00 — $6.52 - $15.00 $0.90 Risk-free rate of interest 2.83% - 2.95% — 2.58% - 2.95% 1.92% - 2.23% Expected term (years) 6.12 — 6.11 6.25 Expected stock price volatility 71.18% - 83.67% — 70.58% - 83.67% 79.02% - 79.12% Weighted average estimated fair value share price $7.52 — $6.53 $0.12 Dividend yield — — — — * The Company did not grant stock options during the three months ended June 30, 2017 Non-employee non-employees non-employee non-employee The following table summarizes the Company’s employee stock option activity under the 2013 Plan and the IPO Plan for the six months ended June 30, 2018: Weighted average Weighted average remaining contractual Aggregate intrinsic Number of shares exercise price life (in years) value Outstanding as of December 31, 2017 17,502 $ 0.90 Options granted 1,293,153 7.64 Outstanding as of June 30, 2018 1,310,655 $ 7.55 9.7 $ 15,967,862 Options vested and exercisable as of June 30, 2018 6,199 $ 0.90 8.5 $ 116,727 The following table summarizes the Company’s non-employee Weighted average Weighted average remaining contractual Aggregate intrinsic Number of shares exercise price life (in years) value Outstanding as of December 31, 2017 72,927 $ 0.90 Options granted — — Outstanding as of June 30, 2018 72,927 $ 0.90 7.8 $ 1,373,215 Options vested and exercisable as of June 30, 2018 48,620 $ 0.90 7.8 $ 915,515 The aggregate intrinsic value in the above table is calculated as the difference between fair value of the Company’s common stock price and the exercise price of the stock options. The weighted average grant date fair value per share for the employee stock option grants during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $6.53 and $0.12, respectively. As of June 30, 2018, the total unrecognized compensation related to unvested employee and non-employee stock Restricted Stock The following table summarizes restricted stock award activities for the six months ended June 30, 2018: Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Number of Shares Value Nonvested at December 31, 2017 848,859 $ 0.33 Granted — — Nonvested at June 30, 2018 848,859 $ 0.33 As of June 30, 2018, the total unrecognized compensation expense related to the nonvested shares was $0.3 million. No compensation expense has been recognized for these nonvested shares as these shares are performance-based and the triggering event was not determined to be probable as of June 30, 2018. Stock-based compensation expense has been reported in the Company’s condensed statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 as follows (in thousands): For the three months ended June 30, For the six months ended June 30, 2018 2017 2018 2017 Research and development $ 350 $ 2 $ 467 $ 3 General and administrative 1,071 — 1,116 — Total stock-based compensation $ 1,421 $ 2 $ 1,583 $ 3 |