| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and subsidiaries in which it has a controlling interest, and variable interest entities (VIEs) of which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The equity method of accounting is applied when the Company does not have a controlling interest in an entity but exerts significant influence over the entity. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the financial statements. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, the Company's estimates in connection with leasing equipment including residual values and depreciable lives, values of assets held for sale and other long-lived assets, provision for income tax, allowance for doubtful accounts, share-based compensation and goodwill and intangible assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Segment Reporting The Company conducts its business activities in one industry, intermodal transportation equipment, and has two reporting segments, Equipment leasing and Equipment trading. The Company also segregates total equipment leasing revenues and total equipment trading revenues by geographic location based upon the primary domicile of the Company’s customers. Prior to the Merger on July 12, 2016, the Company had only one segment, the Equipment Leasing segment. As a result of the Merger, the Equipment Trading segment was acquired. Concentration of Credit Risk The Company's equipment lease and trade receivables subject it to potential credit risk. The Company extends credit to its customers based upon an evaluation of each customer's financial condition and credit history. Evaluations of the financial condition and associated credit risk of customers are performed on an ongoing basis. The Company's largest customer, CMA CGM S.A. , accounted for 20% , 19% , and 17% of its lease billings during 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 , respectively, and accounted for 29% and 23% of its accounts receivable as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. The Company's second largest customer, Mediterranean Shipping Company S.A. accounted for 14% , 14% , and 15% of its lease billings during 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 , respectively, and 5% and 8% of its accounts receivable as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. Other financial instruments that are exposed to concentration of credit risk are cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash balances. Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash are held with financial institutions of high quality. Balances may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. Fair Value Measurements Fair value represents the price that would be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The determination of fair value may require an entity to make significant judgments or develop assumptions about market participants to reflect risks specific to the asset being valued. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of all cash balances and highly liquid investments having original maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase. Restricted Cash The Company’s restricted cash relates to amounts held at financial institutions pursuant to certain debt arrangements. The restricted cash balances represent cash proceeds collected and required to be used to pay debt service and other related expenses. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts The Company's allowance for doubtful accounts is estimated based upon a review of the collectibility of its receivables. This review is based on the risk profile of the receivables, credit quality indicators such as the level of past-due amounts and economic conditions. Generally, the Company does not require collateral on accounts receivable balances. An account is considered past due when a payment has not been received in accordance with the contractual terms. Changes in economic conditions or other events may necessitate additions or deductions to the allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is intended to provide for losses in the receivables, and requires the application of estimates and judgments as to the outcome of collection efforts, among other things. The Company believes its allowance for doubtful accounts is adequate to provide for credit losses inherent in its existing receivables. To the extent amounts are expected to be recoverable from insurance policies, the Company records a receivable based on amounts incurred not to exceed insurance limits. The Company experienced a major lessee default in 2016 when Hanjin Shipping Co. ("Hanjin"), a lessee of the Company, filed for court protection and immediately began a liquidation process. At that time, the Company had approximately 87,000 container units on lease to Hanjin with a net book value of $243.3 million . The Company recorded a loss of $29.7 million during the third quarter ended September 30, 2016, comprised of bad debt expense and a charge for costs not expected to be recovered due to deductibles in credit insurance policies. As of December 31, 2018 , the Company recovered approximately 95% of its containers previously leased to Hanjin. The impact of the Hanjin liquidation was significantly lessened by credit insurance policies in place during 2016 which covered the majority of the recovery costs, the value of the containers that were unrecoverable and a portion of the lost lease revenue. The insurance policies did not cover Triton's pre-default receivables. The Company collected total payments from its insurance providers of $67.0 million in satisfaction of its claims and recorded a gain of $6.8 million to insurance recovery income within operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2017 . The net gain represents insurance proceeds received in excess of recovery costs incurred and the net book value of those units written off as unrecoverable. Net Investment in Finance Leases The Company has entered into various rental agreements that qualify as direct financing leases or sales-type leases. These leases are usually long-term in nature, typically ranging for a period of three to twelve years, and typically include an option to purchase the equipment at the end of the lease term at a bargain purchase price. At the inception of a direct financing lease or a sales-type lease, a net investment is recorded based on the gross investment (representing the total future minimum lease payments due under the lease plus the estimated residual value), net of unearned income. For a direct financing lease, unearned income represents the excess of the gross investment over the net book value of the leased equipment at lease inception. For a sales-type lease, unearned income represents the excess of the gross investment over the fair value of the leased equipment (calculated as the present value of both the total future minimum lease payments due under the lease and the estimated residual value) at lease inception. At the inception of a sales-type lease, gain (loss) is defined as the difference between (i) the net investment in the lease and (ii) the net book value of the subject containers on the Company’s books at the commencement of the lease. Leasing Equipment The Company purchases new equipment from equipment manufacturers for the purpose of leasing such equipment to customers. The Company also purchases used equipment with the intention of selling such equipment in one or more years from the date of purchase. Used units are typically purchased with an existing lease in place or were previously owned by one of the Company's third party owner investors. Leasing equipment is recorded at cost and depreciated to an estimated residual value on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives. Capitalized costs for new container rental equipment include the manufactured cost of the container, inspection, delivery, and associated costs incurred in moving the container from the manufacturer to the initial on-hire location of such container. Repair and maintenance costs that do not extend the lives of the container rental equipment are charged to direct operating expenses at the time the costs are incurred. The estimated useful lives and residual values of the Company's leasing equipment are based on historical disposal experience and the Company's expectations for future used container sale prices. The Company reviews estimates used in its depreciation policy on a regular basis to determine whether changes have taken place that would suggest that a change in its depreciation estimates for useful lives or the assigned residual values of its equipment is warranted. The Company completed its annual depreciation policy review during the fourth quarter of 2018 and concluded no change was necessary. On January 1, 2018, the Company changed the estimated residual values for 20-foot refrigerated containers and 40-foot high cube refrigerated containers to $2,350 and $3,350 , respectively, as compared to the previous ranges of $2,250 to $2,500 for 20-foot refrigerated containers and $3,250 to $3,500 for 40-foot high cube refrigerated containers. The estimated residual values for 40-foot flat rack containers and 40-foot open top containers were changed to $1,700 and $2,300 , respectively, as compared to the previous ranges of $1,500 to $3,000 for 40-foot flat rack containers and $2,300 to $2,500 for 40-foot open top containers. In addition, the useful lives for 40-foot flat rack containers and 40-foot open top containers was changed to 16 years from the previous range of 12 to 14 years . The effects of changes to residual value and useful life estimates were immaterial to our consolidated financial statements. The estimated useful lives and residual values for each major equipment type for the periods indicated below were as follows: As of December 31, 2018 As of December 31, 2017 Equipment Type Depreciable Life Residual Value Depreciable Life Residual Value Dry containers 20-foot dry container 13 years $ 1,000 13 years $ 1,000 40-foot dry container 13 years $ 1,200 13 years $ 1,200 40-foot high cube dry container 13 years $ 1,400 13 years $ 1,400 Refrigerated containers 20-foot refrigerated container 12 years $ 2,350 12 years $2,250 to $2,500 40-foot high cube refrigerated container 12 years $ 3,350 12 years $3,250 to $3,500 Special containers 40-foot flat rack container 16 years $ 1,700 12 to 14 years $1,500 to $3,000 40-foot open top container 16 years $ 2,300 12 to 14 years $2,300 to $2,500 Tank containers 20 years $ 3,000 20 years $ 3,000 Chassis 20 years $ 1,200 20 years $ 1,200 Depreciation on leasing equipment commences on the date of initial on-hire. For leasing equipment acquired through sale-leaseback transactions, the Company adjusts its estimates for remaining useful life and residual values based on current conditions in the sales market for older containers and the Company's expectations for how long the equipment will remain on-hire to the current lessee. The net book value of the Company's leasing equipment by equipment type as of the dates indicated was (in thousands): December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 Dry container units $ 6,666,560 $ 5,941,097 Refrigerated container units 1,676,331 1,897,385 Special container units 322,607 287,869 Tank container units 107,284 105,821 Chassis 150,669 132,312 Total $ 8,923,451 $ 8,364,484 Included in the amounts above are units not on lease at December 31, 2018 and 2017 with a total net book value of $551.1 million and $509.5 million , respectively. Amortization on equipment purchased under capital lease obligations is included in depreciation and amortization expense on the consolidated statements of operations. Valuation of Leasing Equipment Leasing equipment is reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying value may not be recoverable. Recoverability of an asset to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying value to its estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying value of an asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Key indicators of impairment on leasing equipment include, among other factors, a sustained decrease in operating profitability, a sustained decrease in utilization, or indications of technological obsolescence. When testing for impairment, leasing equipment is generally grouped by equipment type, and is tested separately from other groups of assets and liabilities. Some of the significant estimates and assumptions used to determine future undiscounted cash flows and the measurement for impairment are the remaining useful life, expected utilization, expected future lease rates and expected disposal prices of the equipment. The Company considers the assumptions on expected utilization and the remaining useful life to have the greatest impact on its estimate of future undiscounted cash flows. These estimates are principally based on the Company's historical experience and management's judgment of market conditions. The Company did not record any impairment charges related to leasing equipment for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 . For the year ended December 31, 2016 , the Company recorded $13.1 million of impairment charges in depreciation and amortization expense related to leasing equipment. Equipment Held for Sale When leasing equipment is returned off lease, the Company makes a determination of whether to repair and re-lease the equipment or sell the equipment. At the time the Company determines that equipment will be sold, it reclassifies the appropriate amounts previously recorded as leasing equipment to equipment held for sale. Equipment held for sale is carried at the lower of its estimated fair value less costs to sell or carrying value. Depreciation expense on equipment held for sale is halted and disposals generally occur within 90 days. Initial write downs of equipment held for sale to fair value are recorded as an impairment charge and are included in net gain or loss on sale of leasing equipment. Subsequent increases or decreases to the fair value of those assets are recorded as adjustments to the carrying value of the equipment held for sale, however, any such adjustments may not exceed the respective equipment's carrying value at the time it was initially classified as held for sale. Realized gains and losses resulting from the sale of equipment held for sale are recorded as net gain or loss on sale of leasing equipment, and cash flows associated with the disposal of equipment held for sale are classified as cash flows from investing activities. The Company acquired the Equipment Trading segment as part of the Merger on July 12, 2016 and had no such reporting segment prior to that date. Equipment purchased for resale and included in the Equipment Trading segment is reported as equipment held for sale when the time frame between when equipment is purchased and when it is sold is expected to be less than one year. During the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 , the Company recorded the following net gains or losses on sale of leasing equipment held for sale on the consolidated statements of operations (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2018 Year Ended December 31, 2017 Year Ended December 31, 2016 Impairment (loss) reversal on equipment held for sale $ (3,933 ) $ 3 $ (19,399 ) Gain (loss) on sale of equipment-net of selling costs 39,310 35,809 (948 ) Net gain (loss) on sale of leasing equipment $ 35,377 $ 35,812 $ (20,347 ) Property, Furniture and Equipment Costs of major additions of property, furniture, equipment and improvements are capitalized and are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. The original cost is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of such property, furniture and equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful lives of the leased assets. Other fixed assets, which consist primarily of computer software and hardware, are recorded at cost and amortized on a straight-line basis over their respective estimated useful lives, which range from three to seven years. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as they are incurred. Business Combinations The Company allocates the purchase price to assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the purchase price over the fair values of identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires management’s judgment and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including assumptions with respect to future cash flows, discount rates, asset lives and market multiples, among other items. Goodwill Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually on October 31st of each fiscal year or more frequently if events occur or circumstances indicate that the fair value of a reporting unit may be below its carrying value. Goodwill has been allocated to the Company’s reporting units. In evaluating goodwill for impairment, the Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether further impairment testing is necessary. Among other relevant events and circumstances that affect the fair value of reporting units, the Company considers individual factors such as macroeconomic conditions, changes in its industry and the markets in which the Company operates, as well as its reporting units' historical and expected future financial performance. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, the Company determines it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, then the quantitative goodwill impairment test is unnecessary. The quantitative goodwill impairment test compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit is less than its fair value, no impairment exists. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss shall be recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The Company elected to perform the qualitative assessment for its evaluation of goodwill impairment during the year ended December 31, 2018 and concluded there was no impairment. Since inception through December 31, 2018 , the Company has not recorded any goodwill impairment. Intangible Assets Intangible assets with finite useful lives such as acquired lease intangibles and customer relationships are initially recorded at fair value and are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives and subsequently reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. The Company has not recorded any impairment charges related to intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 . Revenue Recognition Operating Leases with Customers The Company enters into long-term leases and service leases with ocean carriers, principally as lessor in operating lease, for marine cargo equipment. Long-term leases provide Triton's customers with specified equipment for a specified term. The Company's leasing revenues are based upon the number of equipment units leased, the applicable per diem rate and the length of the lease. Long-term leases typically have initial contractual terms ranging from three to eight years. Revenues are recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the respective lease. Advance billings are deferred and recognized in the period earned. Service leases do not specify the exact number of equipment units to be leased or the term that each unit will remain on-hire, but allow the lessee to pick-up and drop-off units at various locations specified in the lease agreement. Under a service lease, rental revenue is based on the number of equipment units on-hire for a given period. Revenue for customers considered to be non-performing is deferred and recognized when the amounts are received. The Company recognizes billings to customers for damages and certain other operating costs as leasing revenue as it is earned based on the terms of the contractual agreements with the customer. As principal, the Company is responsible for fulfillment of the services, supplier selection and service specifications, and has ultimate responsibility to pay the supplier for the services whether or not it collects the amount billed to the lessee. Finance Leases with Customers The Company enters into finance leases as lessor for some of the equipment in its fleet. The net investment in finance leases represents the receivables due from lessees, net of unearned income and amounts previously billed, which are included in accounts receivable. Unearned income is recognized on a level yield basis over the lease term and is recorded as leasing revenue. Finance leases are usually long-term in nature and typically include an option to purchase the equipment at the end of the lease term for an amount determined to be a bargain. Equipment Trading Revenues and Expenses Equipment trading revenues represent the proceeds from the sale of equipment purchased for resale and are recognized as units are sold and delivered to the customer. The related expenses represent the cost of equipment sold as well as other selling costs that are recognized as incurred and are reflected as equipment trading expenses on the consolidated statements of operations. Direct Operating Expenses Direct operating expenses are directly related to the Company's equipment under and available for lease. These expenses primarily consist of the Company's costs to repair and maintain the equipment, to reposition the equipment and to store the equipment when it is not on lease. These costs are recognized when incurred. Certain positioning costs may be capitalized when incurred to place new equipment on an initial lease. Debt Costs Debt costs represent the fees incurred in connection with debt obligation arrangements. These costs are capitalized and amortized using the effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the related obligation, depending on the type of debt obligation to which they relate. Unamortized debt costs may be written off when the related debt obligations are refinanced or extinguished prior to maturity. Derivative Instruments The Company uses derivatives in the management of its interest rate exposure on its long-term borrowings. The Company records derivative instruments on its balance sheet at fair value and establishes criteria for both the designation and effectiveness of hedging activities. The Company has entered into interest rate swap agreements with certain financial institutions. The interest rate swap agreements require the Company to make payments to counterparties at fixed rates in return for receipts based upon variable rates indexed to the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). Derivative instruments are designated or non-designated for hedge accounting purposes. The fair value of the derivative instruments is measured at each balance sheet date and is reflected on a gross basis on the consolidated balance sheets. The change in fair value of the derivative instruments designated as a cash flow hedge are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and are re-classified to interest expense when realized. The change in fair value of non-designated derivative instruments is recorded in the consolidated statements of operations as unrealized loss (gain) on derivative instruments, net and are reclassified to realized loss (gain) on derivative instruments when realized. Income Taxes The Company uses the liability method of accounting for income taxes, which requires recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences that currently exist between the tax basis and financial reporting basis of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Any change in the tax rate which has an effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized as an increase or decrease to income in the period that includes the enactment date of the law that resulted in the change in tax rate. The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions which are more-likely-than-not of being sustained. If a position does not meet the more-likely-than-not criteria, the Company records a reserve against the tax position such that a tax benefit is recognized only in the amount that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being recognized. The full impact of any change in recognition or measurement of an uncertain tax position is reflected in the period in which such change occurs. Potential interest and penalties associated with such uncertain tax positions are recorded as a component of income tax expense. Foreign Currency Translation and Remeasurement The Company uses U.S. dollar as its reporting currency. The net assets and operations of foreign subsidiaries included in the consolidated financial statements are attributable primarily to the Company's U.K. subsidiary. The accounts of this subsidiary have been converted at rates of exchange in effect at year end as to balance sheet accounts and at the historical weighted average of exchange rates for the statements of operations accounts. The effects of changes in exchange rates in translating foreign subsidiaries' financial statements are included in shareholders' equity as accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income. The Company also has certain cash accounts, certain finance lease receivables and certain obligations that are denominated in currencies other than the Company's functional currency. These assets and liabilities are generally denominated in euros or British pounds, and are remeasured at each balance sheet date at the exchange rates in effect as of those dates. The impact of changes in exchange rates on the remeasurement of assets and liabilities are included in administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations. Transaction losses were $1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 and were immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 . Share-based Compensation The Company measures and recognizes share-based awards granted to employees based on estimated fair values. Share-based awards may be subject to forfeiture if certain employment conditions are not met. The Company does not estimate forfeitures in its expense calculations as forfeiture history has been minor. Time based awards are measured at the grant date and are recognized as compensation expense over the employee's requisite service period, generally the vesting period of the equity award, on a straight-line basis. Performance-based awards are recognized as compensation expense when satisfaction of the performance condition is considered probable. Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Any potential issuance of common shares, including those that are contingent and do not participate in dividends, are excluded from the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that would occur if securities exercisable or convertible into common shares were exercised or converted into common shares, utilizing the treasury share method. The Company excluded 207,991 , nil, and 169,403 of anti-dilutive restricted common shares from its calculation of diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 . Recently Adopted Accounting Standards Updates In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), amending previous updates regarding this topic. Leasing revenue recognition is specifically excluded from this ASU, and therefore, the new standard only applied to equipment trading revenues and sales of leasing equipment. The adoption of this ASU had minimal impact on the Company since the majority of its sales contracts are for containers and do not contain multiple elements. The standard allows for either “full retrospective” adoption, meaning the standard is applied to all of the periods presented, or “modified retrospective” adoption, meaning the standard is applied only to the most current period presented in the financial statements. The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective approach. The adoption of Topic 606 did not impact its leasing revenue recognition model because, as noted above, leasing revenue recognition, including ancillary fees, is specifically excluded from this ASU. The Company has assessed the requirements of the new revenue standard with respect to its equipment trading revenue and sales of leasing equipment and has concluded that the timing and amount of recognition was not materially affected based on the fact that there generally are no long-term contracts, multiple element arrangements, or significant customer acquisition costs related to these revenue streams. The Company also considered the requirement to present disaggregated revenue for its equipment trading revenue and sales of leasing equipment upon the adoption of Topic 606. The Company currently presents these revenue items separately in its statements of operations. As a result, the Company concluded that the adoption of Topic 606 did not have a significant impact on either the timing of its revenue recognition or manner of presentation. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Receipts and Cash Payments . The updated amendment provides guidance as to where certain cash flow items are presented, including debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs and proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims. The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2018. The adoption of this ASU did not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements since none of the cash flow items specified in the guidance changed the Company's presentation in the consolidated statement of cash flows. In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, Accounting for Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory . The ASU eliminates the deferral of the tax effects of intra-entity asset transfers other than inventory. As a result, the tax expense from the intercompany sale of assets, other than inventory, and associated changes to deferred taxes will be recognized when the sale occurs even though the pre-tax effects of the transaction have not been recognized. The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2018. The adoption of this ASU did not have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements. In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash . The amendments in this ASU require that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. As a result, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The amendments do not provide a definition of restricted cash or re |
