Business Combinations | Acquisition of TD Holdings Limited On February 6, 2016, Grom Holdings entered into a letter of intent to acquire all of the stock of TD Holdings Limited. Grom Holdings issued 417,000 shares of its common stock valued at $0.58 per share, or $240,000, in return for a period of exclusivity through May 31, 2016. On June 20, 2016, Grom Holdings executed a share sale agreement with TD Holdings. Under the terms of the agreement, Grom Holdings paid $12.0 million in consideration including $3.5 million in cash, the issuance of $4.0 million of its common stock and the issuance of $4.5 million in 5% senior, secured promissory notes in exchange for all of the equity of TD Holdings. The 7,367,001 shares of the Company’s common stock issued were subject to a twelve-month restrictive period from the date of the transaction closing. The transaction closed effective July 1, 2016. The Sellers were also entitled to receive $329,644 in post-closing cash payments for the excess working capital, as defined by the agreement, on TD Holdings’ closing balance sheet. These amounts were subject to certain adjustments, and payable on demand after the transaction closing date. As of December 31, 2016, the excess working capital obligation was fully satisfied. Additionally, the former stockholders will have the opportunity for contingent, earn-out payments of up to $5.0 million if certain revenue and EBITDA thresholds are achieved over the three-year post-closing period. The earn-out payments, if made, shall be payable 25% in cash and 75% in common stock. At December 31, 2016, no earn-out thresholds were achieved. See Note 12m Debt, “Amendment of TDA Sellers Note”. Fair Value of Consideration Transferred and Recording of Assets Acquired The following table summarizes the acquisition date fair value of the consideration paid, identifiable assets acquired, and liabilities assumed including an amount for goodwill: Consideration Paid: Cash and cash equivalents $ 3,500,000 Common stock, 7,367,001 shares of Grom common stock (includes the 417,000 Letter of Intent shares) 4,240,000 Senior, secured promissory notes, net of discount of $309,049 4,190,951 Working capital adjustment payable to sellers 329,644 Contingent purchase consideration 3,987,602 Fair value of total consideration $ 16,248,197 Recognized amount of identifiable assets acquired, and liabilities assumed: Financial assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,024,424 Accounts receivables 693,406 Inventory 350,769 Prepaid and other assets 148,079 Property and equipment 405,191 Deferred tax assets 180,735 Identifiable intangible assets: Customer relationships 1,526,282 Non-compete agreements 846,638 Trade name 4,386,247 Financial liabilities: Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (465,247 ) Advance payments and deferred revenues (697,752 ) Other noncurrent liabilities (254,631 ) Total identifiable net assets 8,144,141 Goodwill 8,104,056 $ 16,248,197 In estimating the fair value of the common stock issued, the Company considered, among other factors, the recent volume and pricing of capital raise activities. The Company valued the common stock shares at $0.58 per share, which represents a 26% discount to the most recent issue price prior to the measurement date. The Company believes the discount represents a market participant perspective due to the large block and minimum six month holding period. In determining the fair value of the promissory notes issued, the Company considered, among other factors, the market yields on debt securities depending on the time horizon and level of perceived risk of the specific investment. The Company arrived at an estimated market rate of 9.4% and calculated the present value of the $4.0 million promissory note and its related interest to be $3,690,951. As a result, the Company recorded a discount against the promissory notes of $309,049. The discount is being amortized using the effective interest method over the life of the notes. For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recorded $72,010 in interest expense related to the note discount. The remaining discount balance at December 31, 2016 was $237,039. For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded $202,667 in interest expense related to the note discount. The remaining discount balance at December 31, 2017 was $86,338. The fair value of the contingent consideration was estimated using a lattice model. The forecast future up and down movements were estimated based on historical EBITDA volatility of 22.2% which includes the years 2013-2015 and the trailing twelve months ended June 30, 2016. The weighted average probability of each scenario was calculated and discounted to present value at the weighted average cost of capital to arrive at $3,987,602. Goodwill represents the future economic benefit arising from other assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized. The goodwill arising from the acquisition is attributable to the value of the potential expanded market opportunity with new customers. The goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes. In determining the purchase price allocation, the Company considered, among other factors, how a market participant would likely use the acquired assets. The estimated fair value of intangible assets was based on the income approach. The income approach requires a projection of the cash flow that the asset is expected to generate in the future. The projected cash flow is discounted to its present value using a rate of return, or discount rate, which accounts for the time value of money and the degree of risk inherent in the asset. The expected future cash flow that is projected should include all of the economic benefits attributable to the asset, including the tax savings associated with the amortization of the intangible asset value over the tax life of the asset. The income approach may take the form of a “relief-from-royalty” methodology, a cost savings methodology, a “with and without” methodology, or excess earnings methodology, depending on the specific asset under consideration. The “relief-from-royalty” method was used to value the trade names acquired from TD Holdings. The “relief-from-royalty” method estimates the cost savings that accrue to the owner of an intangible asset that would otherwise be required to pay royalties or license fees on revenues earned through the use of the asset. The royalty rate used is based on an analysis of empirical, market-derived royalty rates for guideline intangible assets. Typically, revenue is projected over the expected remaining useful life of the intangible asset. The key assumptions in the prospective cash flows include a 11% compound annual sales growth rate over the five years period subsequent to the acquisition. The royalty rate is then applied to estimate the royalty savings. The key assumptions used in valuing the existing trade names acquired were as follows: royalty rate of 7.0%, discount rate of 13.8%, and a tax rate of 40.0%. The trade names are expected to be used indefinitely and the value includes a terminal value, based on a long-term sustainable growth rate of 2.0%, of the after-tax royalty savings determined using a form of the Gordon Growth model. The fair value of customer relationships was valued using an income method. Net Operating Profit After Tax (“NOPAT”) per customer is a function of the gross profit margin of the Company, applicable contributory assets (i.e., working capital, fixed capital, work force, brand, IPR&D) charges, and the discount rate reflecting the riskiness of the asset under valuation. NOPAT per customer was used to estimate the value of the customer relationships. The key assumptions used include a revenue attrition rate of 35%, an income tax rate of 40%, and a discount rate of 13.8%. The “with and without” method was used to value the non-compete agreement which will be amortized over three years. The key assumptions used include an income tax rate of 40%, and a discount rate of 13.8%. Acquisition of NetSpective Webfiltering On January 1, 2017, Grom Holdings acquired the assets of NetSpective Webfilter, a division of TeleMate.net Software (the “Sellers”). Under the terms of the agreement, Grom Holdings paid $1.0 million in consideration in the form of a $1.0 million redeemable, convertible promissory note. The note bears interest at 0.68% per annum. All note principal and accrued interest is payable January 1, 2020. The note is convertible at the election of the Sellers into the Company’s common stock at a conversion rate of $0.78 per share. Furthermore, if not previously converted by the Sellers, the note may be converted by the Company into shares of the Company’s common stock at a rate of $0.48 per share commencing on November 1, 2019. The Sellers had the opportunity for contingent, earn-out payments of up to $362,500 if certain net cash flow thresholds are achieved during the one-year post-closing period. The earn-out payments, if made, shall be payable entirely in common stock. Consideration Paid: Cash and cash equivalents $ – Common stock, 41,700 shares paid with letter of intent 32,500 Senior, secured promissory notes 1,000,000 Financial liabilities assumed 521,735 Contingent purchase consideration 362,500 Fair value of total consideration $ 1,916,735 Recognized amount of identifiable assets acquired, and liabilities assumed: Financial assets: Intangible asset Brand name 69,348 Software 1,134,435 Customer relationships 74,004 Financial liabilities: Deferred revenues (521,735 ) Writedown of purchase consideration 463,978 Goodwill 696,705 $ 1,916,735 Additionally, since the valuation report reflected that the earnout threshold would not be reached, and the earnout was achieved, the Company recorded an additional expense of $362,500 related to the acquisition of Netspective. In determining the fair value of the convertible promissory note issued, the Company considered, among other factors, the market yields on debt securities for similar time horizons and level of perceived risk of the investment. Based on the conversion factors and interest rate contained in the note, the Company believes the note represents fair value. We used a lattice model to estimate the fair value of the contingent consideration. We forecast future up and down movements based on the 9.7% historical volatility of “Net Cash Flow” which includes the years 2014-2016. The weighted average probability of each scenario was calculated and since it did not reach the earnout threshold, we did not record any contingent consideration provision. The fair value of the internally developed software was estimated using a replacement cost approach similar to the Constructive Cost Model (“COCOMO”) II. The model is an algorithmic software cost estimation tool that estimates the cost, effort, and schedule of a hypothetical software project. We estimated costs based on total lines of code in the program and labor cost rates for the required personnel, in addition to a profit component. Although this is a replacement cost model, we believe it represents fair value from a market participant perspective. The key assumptions used include average labor rates, total estimated labor hours, and an income tax rate of 40%. In determining the purchase price allocation, the Company considered, among other factors, how a market participant would likely use the acquired assets. The estimated fair value of intangible assets was based on the income approach for customer relationships and tradename and a replacement cost method for the software programs. The income approach requires a projection of the cash flow that the asset is expected to generate in the future. The projected cash flow is discounted to its present value using a rate of return, or discount rate, which accounts for the time value of money and the degree of risk inherent in the asset. The expected future cash flow that is projected should include all of the economic benefits attributable to the asset, including the tax savings associated with the amortization of the intangible asset value over the tax life of the asset. The income approach may take the form of a “relief-from-royalty” methodology, a cost savings methodology, a “with and without” methodology, or excess earnings methodology, depending on the specific asset under consideration. The replacement cost model uses estimated current costs at the Measurement Date, plus a profit component. The “relief-from-royalty” method was used to value the trade names acquired from TeleMate. The “relief-from-royalty” method estimates the cost savings that accrue to the owner of an intangible asset that would otherwise be required to pay royalties or license fees on revenues earned through the use of the asset. The royalty rate used is based on an analysis of empirical, market-derived royalty rates for guideline intangible assets. Typically, revenue is projected over the expected remaining useful life of the intangible asset. The key assumptions in the prospective cash flows include a 15% compound annual sales growth rate over the five years period subsequent to the acquisition. The royalty rate is then applied to estimate the royalty savings. The key assumptions used in valuing the existing trade names acquired were as follows: royalty rate of 1.0%, discount rate of 17.1%, and a tax rate of 40.0%. The trade names are expected to be used indefinitely and the value includes a terminal value, based on a long-term sustainable growth rate of 2.0%, of the after-tax royalty savings determined using a form of the Gordon Growth model. The fair value of customer relationships was valued using an income method. Net Operating Profit After Tax (“NOPAT”) per customer is a function of the gross profit margin of the Company, applicable contributory assets (i.e., working capital, fixed capital, work force, brand, IPR&D) charges, and the discount rate reflecting the riskiness of the asset under valuation. NOPAT per customer was used to estimate the value of the customer relationships. The key assumptions used include a revenue attrition rate of 10%, an income tax rate of 40%, and a discount rate of 17.1%. |