Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. The condensed consolidated financial statements, including the condensed notes thereto, are unaudited and exclude some of the disclosures required in audited financial statements. Management believes it has made all necessary adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring items, so that the condensed consolidated financial statements are presented fairly and that estimates made in preparing the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements are reasonable and prudent. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the Company’s subsidiaries, and joint ventures in which the Company has a controlling financial interest. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain amounts in the Company’s prior period Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations included in income (loss) from investments in real estate debt of $10.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 have been reclassified to income (loss) from interest rate derivatives and interest expense, net in the amounts of ($21.9) million and $11.4 million, respectively, to conform to the current period presentation. Principles of Consolidation The Company consolidates all entities in which it has a controlling financial interest through majority ownership or voting rights and variable interest entities whereby the Company is the primary beneficiary. In determining whether the Company has a controlling financial interest in a partially owned entity and the requirement to consolidate the accounts of that entity, the Company considers whether the entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and whether it is the primary beneficiary. The Company is the primary beneficiary of a VIE when it has (i) the power to direct the most significant activities impacting the economic performance of the VIE and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits significant to the VIE. Entities that do not qualify as VIEs are generally considered voting interest entities (“VOEs”) and are evaluated for consolidation under the voting interest model. VOEs are consolidated when the Company controls the entity through a majority voting interest or other means. For consolidated joint ventures, the non-controlling partner’s share of the assets, liabilities, and operations of each joint venture is included in non-controlling interests as equity of the Company. The non-controlling partner’s interest is generally computed as the joint venture partner’s ownership percentage. Certain of the joint ventures formed by the Company provide the other partner a profits interest based on certain internal rate of return hurdles being achieved. Any profits interest due to the other partner is also reported within non-controlling interests. When the requirements for consolidation are not met and the Company has significant influence over the operations of the entity, the investment is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. Investments in unconsolidated entities for which the Company has not elected a fair value option are initially recorded at cost and subsequently adjusted for the Company’s pro-rata share of net income, contributions and distributions. When the Company elects the fair value option (“FVO”), the Company records its share of net asset value of the entity and any related unrealized gains and losses. The Company owns certain subordinate securities in CMBS securitizations that give the Company certain rights with respect to the underlying loans that serve as collateral for the CMBS securitization. In particular, these subordinate securities typically give the holder the right to direct certain activities of the securitization on behalf of all securityholders, which could impact the securitization's overall economic performance. Such rights, along with the obligation to absorb losses and receive benefits from the ownership of the subordinate securities, require consolidation of these securitizations, which are considered VIEs under GAAP. As of March 31, 2024, the total assets and liabilities of the Company’s consolidated VIEs, excluding BREIT OP, were $49.9 billion and $36.2 billion, respectively, compared to $50.3 billion and $37.4 billion, respectively, as of December 31, 2023. Such amounts are included on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Use of Estimates The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may ultimately differ materially from those estimates. Fair Value Measurements Under normal market conditions, the fair value of an investment is the amount that would be received to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (i.e., the exit price). The Company uses a hierarchical framework that prioritizes and ranks the level of market price observability used in measuring investments at fair value. Market price observability is impacted by a number of factors, including the type of investment and the characteristics specific to the investment, and the state of the marketplace, including the existence and transparency of transactions between market participants. Investments with readily available actively quoted prices or for which fair value can be measured from actively quoted prices generally will have a higher degree of market price observability and a lesser degree of judgment used in measuring fair value. Investments measured and reported at fair value are classified and disclosed in one of the following levels within the fair value hierarchy: Level 1 — quoted prices are available in active markets for identical investments as of the measurement date. The Company does not adjust the quoted price for these investments. Level 2 — quoted prices are available in markets that are not active or model inputs are based on inputs that are either directly or indirectly observable as of the measurement date. Level 3 — pricing inputs are unobservable and include instances where there is minimal, if any, market activity for the investment. These inputs require significant judgment or estimation by management or third parties when determining fair value and generally represent anything that does not meet the criteria of Levels 1 and 2. Due to the inherent uncertainty of these estimates, these values may differ materially from the values that would have been used had a ready market for these investments existed. Valuation of assets and liabilities measured at fair value The Company’s investments in real estate debt are reported at fair value. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company’s investments in real estate debt, directly or indirectly, consisted of commercial mortgage backed securities (“CMBS”) and residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”), which are securities backed by one or more mortgage loans secured by real estate assets, as well as corporate bonds, term loans, mezzanine loans, and other investments in debt issued by real estate-related companies or secured by real estate assets. The Company generally determines the fair value of its investments in real estate debt by utilizing third-party pricing service providers whenever available. In determining the fair value of a particular investment, pricing service providers may use broker-dealer quotations, reported trades or valuation estimates from their internal pricing models to determine the reported price. The pricing service providers’ internal models for securities such as real estate debt generally consider the attributes applicable to a particular class of the security (e.g., credit rating, seniority), current market data, and estimated cash flows for each security, and incorporate specific collateral performance, as applicable. Certain of the Company’s investments in real estate debt, such as mezzanine loans and other investments, are unlikely to have readily available market quotations. In such cases, the Company will generally determine the initial value based on the acquisition price of such investment if acquired by the Company or the par value of such investment if originated by the Company. Following the initial measurement, the Company generally engages third party service providers to perform valuations for such investments. The service provider will determine fair value by utilizing or reviewing certain of the following (i) market yield data, (ii) discounted cash flow modeling, (iii) collateral asset performance, (iv) local or macro real estate performance, (v) capital market conditions, (vi) debt yield or loan-to-value ratios, and (vii) borrower financial condition and performance. Refer to Note 5 for additional details on the Company’s investments in real estate debt. For CMBS securitizations, the Company consolidates, it has elected to apply the measurement alternative under GAAP and measures both the financial assets and financial liabilities of the securitizations using the fair value of such financial liabilities, which it considers more observable than the fair value of such financial assets. The Company’s investments in equity securities of public and private real estate-related companies are reported at fair value. In determining the fair value of public equity securities, the Company utilizes the closing price of such securities in the principal market in which the security trades (Level 1 inputs). In determining the fair value of its preferred equity security, the Company utilizes inputs such as stock volatility, discount rate, and risk-free interest rate (Level 2 inputs). As of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company’s equity securities were recorded as a component of Other Assets on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company has elected the FVO for certain of its investments in unconsolidated entities and therefore, reports these investments at fair value. The Company separately values the assets and liabilities of the investments in unconsolidated entities. To determine the fair value of the real estate assets of the investments in unconsolidated entities, the Company utilizes a discounted cash flow methodology or market comparable methodology, taking into consideration various factors including discount rate, exit capitalization rate and multiples of comparable companies. The Company utilizes third party service providers to perform valuations of the indebtedness of the investments in unconsolidated entities. The fair value of the indebtedness of the investments in unconsolidated entities is determined by modeling the cash flows and discounting them back to the present value using weighted average cost of debt. Additionally, current market rates and conditions are considered by evaluating similar borrowing agreements with comparable loan-to-value ratios and credit profiles. After the fair value of the assets and liabilities are determined, the Company applies its ownership interest to the net asset value and reflects this amount as its investments in unconsolidated entities at fair value. The inputs used in determining the Company’s investments in unconsolidated entities carried at fair value are considered Level 3. The Company discloses the weighted average cost of capital, which combines the discount rate on the fair value of real estate and the weighted average cost of debt on the fair value of the indebtedness, and exit capitalization rate as key Level 3 inputs. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are reported at fair value and consist of foreign currency and interest rate contracts. The fair values of the Company's foreign currency and interest rate contracts were estimated using advice from a third-party derivative specialist, based on contractual cash flows and observable inputs comprising yield curves, foreign currency rates and credit spreads (Level 2 inputs). The following table details the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis ($ in thousands): March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Assets: Investments in real estate debt (1) $ — $ 5,136,403 $ 1,002,763 $ 6,139,166 $ — $ 5,548,920 $ 1,241,712 $ 6,790,632 Real estate loans held by consolidated securitization vehicles, at fair value — 16,234,541 — 16,234,541 — 16,331,578 — 16,331,578 Equity securities (2) 312,981 79,090 — 392,071 62,333 273,600 — 335,933 Investments in unconsolidated entities — — 3,725,691 3,725,691 — 549,138 3,672,455 4,221,593 Interest rate and foreign currency hedging derivatives (2) — 2,574,489 — 2,574,489 — 2,160,266 — 2,160,266 Total $ 312,981 $ 24,024,523 $ 4,728,454 $ 29,065,958 $ 62,333 $ 24,863,502 $ 4,914,167 $ 29,840,002 Liabilities: Senior obligations of consolidated securitization vehicles, at fair value $ — $ 14,665,374 $ — $ 14,665,374 $ — $ 14,777,146 $ — $ 14,777,146 Interest rate and foreign currency hedging derivatives (3) — 21,677 — 21,677 — 34,236 — 34,236 Total $ — $ 14,687,051 $ — $ 14,687,051 $ — $ 14,811,382 $ — $ 14,811,382 (1) Excludes $209.2 million of investments measured at fair value using NAV as a practical expedient that are not classified in the fair value hierarchy. (2) Included in Other Assets in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. (3) Included in Other Liabilities in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following table details the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs ($ in thousands): Investments in Investments in Total Balance as of December 31, 2023 $ 1,241,712 $ 3,672,455 $ 4,914,167 Purchases and contributions 14,666 87,195 101,861 Sales and repayments (250,686) — (250,686) Distributions received — (15,471) (15,471) Included in net income (loss) Loss from unconsolidated entities measured at fair value — (18,488) (18,488) Realized loss (1,595) — (1,595) Unrealized loss (1,334) — (1,334) Balance as of March 31, 2024 $ 1,002,763 $ 3,725,691 $ 4,728,454 The following tables contain the quantitative inputs and assumptions used for items categorized in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy ($ in thousands): March 31, 2024 Fair Value Valuation Technique Unobservable Inputs Weighted Average Rate Impact to Valuation from an Increase in Input Assets Investments in real estate loans $ 1,002,763 Yield method Market yield 10.3% Decrease Investments in unconsolidated entities $ 3,725,691 Discounted cash flow Weighted average cost of capital 7.8% Decrease Exit capitalization rate 5.2% Decrease December 31, 2023 Fair Value Valuation Technique Unobservable Inputs Weighted Average Rate Impact to Valuation from an Increase in Input Assets Investments in real estate loans $ 1,241,712 Yield method Market yield 10.1% Decrease Investments in unconsolidated entities $ 3,672,455 Discounted cash flow Weighted average cost of capital 7.7% Decrease Exit capitalization rate 5.2% Decrease Valuation of assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis Certain of the Company’s assets are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments, such as when there is evidence of impairment, and therefore measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. The Company reviews its real estate properties for impairment each quarter or when there is an event or change in circumstances that could indicate the carrying amount of the real estate value may not be recoverable. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recognized an aggregate $36.5 million of impairment charges related to one student housing property, two affordable housing properties, and various single family rental homes. The impairments reduced the GAAP carrying amount of such investments to their fair value, and were the result of updates to the undiscounted cash flow assumptions to account for a shorter hold period, as the Company is considering a potential disposition of these investments. The cumulative fair value of such real estate investments at the time of impairment was $132.8 million, and was estimated utilizing a discounted cash flow method. The significant unobservable inputs utilized in the analysis were the discount rate (Level 3), which ranged from 6.6% to 8.5%, and the exit capitalization rate (Level 3), which ranged from 4.9% to 7.7%. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, there was no such impairment charge. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, the Company recognized an aggregate of $29.2 million and $12.5 million, respectively, of impairment charges related to certain held-for-sale real estate investments where their GAAP carrying amount exceeded their fair value, less estimated closing costs. The significant input utilized in the analysis was the purchase price, which is considered a Level 2 input. Refer to Note 3 for additional details of the impairments. Valuation of liabilities not measured at fair value As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the fair value of the Company’s mortgage loans, secured term loans, secured revolving credit facilities, secured financings on investments in real estate debt, and unsecured revolving credit facilities was $1.2 billion and $1.3 billion, respectively, below carrying value. Fair value of the Company’s indebtedness is estimated by modeling the cash flows required by the Company’s debt agreements and discounting them back to the present value using its equity discount rate. Additionally, current market rates and conditions are considered by evaluating similar borrowing agreements with comparable loan-to-value ratios and credit profiles. The Company utilizes third party service providers to perform these valuations. The inputs used in determining the fair value of the Company’s indebtedness are considered Level 3. Stock-Based Compensation The Company’s stock-based compensation consists of incentive compensation awards issued to certain employees of Home Partners of America (“HPA”), April Housing, and American Campus Communities (“ACC”), all of which are consolidated subsidiaries of BREIT, and certain employees of affiliate portfolio company service providers. Such awards vest over time and stock-based compensation expense is recognized for these awards using a graded vesting attribution method over the applicable vesting period of each award, based on the value of the awards on their grant date, as adjusted for forfeitures. The awards are subject to service periods ranging from three Refer to Note 10 for additional information on the awards issued to certain employees of the affiliate portfolio companies. The following table details the incentive compensation awards issued to certain employees of HPA, April Housing and ACC ($ in thousands): December 31, 2023 For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 March 31, 2024 Plan Year Unrecognized Compensation Cost Forfeiture of unvested awards Value of Awards Issued Amortization of Compensation Cost Unrecognized Compensation Cost Remaining Amortization Period 2022 $ 8,284 $ — $ — $ (1,082) $ 7,202 1.9 years 2023 15,413 — — (2,802) 12,611 2.2 years 2024 — — 26,997 (2,250) 24,747 3.0 years Total $ 23,697 $ — $ 26,997 $ (6,134) $ 44,560 Recent Accounting Pronouncements In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09 “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” or ASU 2023-09. ASU 2023-09 requires additional disaggregated disclosures on the entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation and additional details on income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 is effective on a prospective basis, with the option for retrospective application, for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2023-09 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07 “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,” or ASU 2023-07. ASU 2023-07 enhances the disclosures required for reportable segments on an annual and interim basis. ASU 2023-07 is effective on a retrospective basis for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2023-07 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. |