SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RECENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS | SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RECENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements On January 1, 2019, we early adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) , using the modified retrospective method, as permitted under ASU 2014-09. The adoption of ASU 2014-09 did not result in a material change in the timing or amount of revenue recognized, nor did it result in the capitalization of incremental contract costs. Accordingly, there was no cumulative effect adjustment recorded in the condensed consolidated financial statements upon adoption. On January 1, 2019, we adopted ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments-Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, which is intended to enhance the reporting model for financial instruments to provide users of financial statements with more decision-useful information. The adoption of this guidance had no impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. Except for the adoption of ASU 2014-09 and ASU 2016-01, there have been no changes to the Company’s accounting policies, and these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a basis consistent with that used to prepare our audited annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018, and include, in the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring items, necessary for the fair statement of the condensed consolidated financial statements. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) , which supersedes ASC Topic 840, Leases . The ASU does not significantly change the lessees’ recognition, measurement and presentation of expenses and cash flows from the previous accounting standard. The ASU’s primary change is the requirement for lessee entities to recognize a lease liability for payments and a right of use asset representing the right to use the leased asset during the term on operating lease arrangements. Lessees are permitted to make an accounting policy election to not recognize the asset and liability for leases with a term of twelve months or less. Lessors’ accounting under the ASU is largely unchanged from the previous accounting standard. In addition, the ASU expands the disclosure requirements of lease arrangements. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842) - Targeted Improvements , which provides the option of applying the requirements of the new lease standard in the period of adoption with no restatement to comparative periods. For public entities, this ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. For non-public entities, this ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We have made the election to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards under Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act, therefore we will be required to adopt this ASU for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. Although we are currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on our consolidated financial statements, we expect that most of our operating lease commitments will be recognized as operating lease liabilities and right-of-use assets upon adoption of the new guidance. Revenue We have generated revenue through the sale of two categories of solutions that leverage our intelligence platform: (1) our proprietary native banking channel Cardlytics Direct and (2) our Other Platform Solutions. We have generated substantially all of our revenue from sales of Cardlytics Direct since inception. Our Other Platform Solutions enabled marketers and marketing service providers to leverage the power of purchase intelligence outside the bank channel. We have shifted the majority of our efforts and resources to support the growth of Cardlytics Direct. As a result, we do not expect to generate substantial, if any, revenue from Other Platform Solutions for the foreseeable future. Cardlytics Direct Cardlytics Direct is our proprietary native bank advertising channel that enables marketers to reach consumers through the FIs' trusted and frequently visited online and mobile banking channels. Working with the marketer, we design a campaign that targets customers based on their purchase history. The consumer is offered an incentive to make a purchase from the marketer within a specified period. We use a portion of the fees that we collect from marketers to provide these consumer incentives to our FIs’ customers after they make qualifying purchases ("Consumer Incentives"). Leveraging our powerful predictive analytics, we are able to create compelling Consumer Incentives that have the potential to increase return on advertising spend for marketers. We generally pay our FI partners an FI Share, which is a negotiated and fixed percentage of our billings to marketers less any Consumer Incentives that we pay to FIs’ customers and certain third-party data costs. Cardlytics Direct is priced predominantly in two ways: (1) Cost per Served Sale (“CPS”), and (2) Cost per Redemption (“CPR”). • CPS. Our primary pricing model is CPS, which we created to meet the media buying preferences of marketers. We generate revenue by charging a percentage, which we refer to as the CPS Rate, of all purchases from the marketer by consumers (1) who are served marketing and (2) subsequently make a purchase from the marketer during the campaign period, regardless of whether consumers select the marketing and thereby becomes eligible to earn the applicable Consumer Incentive. We set CPS Rates for marketers based on our expectation of the marketer’s return on spend for the relevant campaign. Additionally, we set the amount of the Consumer Incentives payable for each campaign based on our estimation of our ability to drive incremental sales for the marketer. We seek to optimize the level of Consumer Incentives to retain a greater portion of billings. However, if the amount of Consumer Incentives exceeds the amount of billings that we are paid by the applicable marketer we are still responsible for paying the total Consumer Incentive. This has occurred infrequently and has been immaterial in amount for each of the periods presented. In some instances, we may also charge the marketer the Consumer Incentive, in which case the marketer determines the level of Consumer Incentive for the campaign. • CPR. Under our CPR pricing model, marketers specify and fund the Consumer Incentive and pay us a separate negotiated, fixed marketing fee, which we refer to as the CPR Fee, for each purchase that we generate. We generate revenue if the consumer (1) is served marketing, (2) selects the marketing and thereby becomes eligible to earn the applicable Consumer Incentive and (3) makes a qualifying purchase from the marketer during the campaign period. We set the CPR Fee for marketers based on our estimation of the marketers’ return on spend for the relevant campaign. The CPR Fee is either a percentage of qualifying purchases or a flat amount. In some instances, we may solely charge the marketer the CPR Fee, in which case we determine the level of Consumer Incentive for the campaign. The following table summarizes revenue by pricing model (in thousands): Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 2019 2018 2019 Cost per Served Sale $ 24,010 $ 33,549 $ 42,455 $ 54,558 Cost per Redemption 9,456 14,276 21,211 28,240 Other 2,104 905 4,617 1,920 Revenue $ 35,570 $ 48,730 $ 68,283 $ 84,718 Revenue Recognition We determine revenue recognition through the following steps: • identification of a contract with a customer, • identification of the performance obligation(s) in the contract, • determination of the transaction price, • allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligation(s) in the contract, and • recognition of revenue when or as the performance obligation(s) are satisfied. We sell our solutions by entering into agreements directly with marketers or their marketing agencies, generally through the execution of insertion orders. The agreements state the terms of the arrangement, the negotiated fee, payment terms and the fixed period of time of the campaign. We consider a contract to exist when a campaign, which typically lasts 45 days, is published to an FI partner under the terms of an insertion order. With respect to our Cardlytics Direct service, our performance obligation is to offer incentives to FIs' customers to make purchases from the marketer within a specified period. This performance obligation is a series that represents a stand ready obligation to provide a targeted campaign for the marketer to FIs' customers. Cardlytics Direct fees represent variable consideration that is resolved when FIs' customers make qualifying purchases during the marketing campaign term. Subsequent to a qualifying purchase, the associated fees are generally not subject to refund or adjustment unless the fees from the marketing campaign exceed a contractual maximum (marketer budget). We have not constrained our revenue because adjustments have historically been immaterial and given the short duration of our marketing campaigns, any adjustments are recognized during the period of the marketing campaign. We recognize revenue for Cardlytics Direct fees over time using the right to invoice practical expedient because the amount billed is equal to the value delivered to marketers through qualified purchases by FIs' customers during that period. Consumer Incentives We report our revenue on our condensed consolidated statements of operations net of Consumer Incentives. We do not provide the goods or services that are purchased by our FIs’ customers from the marketers to which the Consumer Incentives relate. Accordingly, the marketer is deemed to be the principal in the relationship with the customer and, therefore, the Consumer Incentive is deemed to be a reduction in the purchase price paid by the customer for the marketer’s goods or services. While we are responsible for remitting Consumer Incentives to our FI partners for further payment to their customers, we function solely as an agent of marketers in these arrangements. We invoice marketers monthly based on the qualifying purchases of FIs' customers as reported by our FI partners during the month. Invoice payment terms, negotiated on a marketer-by-marketer basis, are typically between 30 to 60 days. However, for certain marketing agencies with sequential liability terms, payments are not due to us until such marketing agency has received payment from its marketer client. Accounts receivable is recorded at the amount of gross billings to marketers, net of allowances, for the fees and Consumer Incentives that we are responsible to collect. Our accrued liabilities also include the amount of Consumer Incentives due to FI partners. As a result, accounts receivable and accrued liabilities may appear large in relation to revenue, which is reported on a net basis. Consumer Incentives totaled $15.8 million and $25.0 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019 , respectively, and totaled $31.9 million and $47.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019 , respectively. FI Share and Other Third-Party Costs We report our revenue on our condensed consolidated statements of operations gross of FI Share. FI Share costs are included in FI Share and other third-party costs in our condensed consolidated statements of operations, rather than as a reduction of revenue, because we and not our FI partners act as the principal in our arrangements with marketers. We are responsible for the fulfillment and acceptability of the services purchased by marketers. We also have latitude in establishing the price of our services, have discretion in supplier selection and earn variable amounts. FI partners only supply consumer purchase data and digital marketing space and generally have no involvement in the marketing campaigns or contractual relationship with marketers. Contract Costs Given the short-term nature of our marketing campaigns, all contract costs are expensed as incurred since the expected period of benefit is less than one year. Costs to fulfill a contract include immaterial costs to set up a campaign that we expense as incurred due to the short-term nature of our marketing campaigns. Concentrations of Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. Our cash and cash equivalents are held with three financial institutions, which we believe are of high credit quality. We believe that our accounts receivable credit risk exposure is limited as a result of being diversified among a large number of marketers segregated by both geography and industry. Historically, we have not experienced significant write-downs of our accounts receivable. One marketer represented 12% of our accounts receivable as of June 30, 2019. During each of the six months ended June 30, 2018 a marketer accounted for 10% of our revenue. During each of the six months ended June 30, 2019 a different marketer accounted for 10% of our revenue. No other marketer accounted for over 10% of revenue or accounts receivable during the periods presented. Our business is substantially dependent on a limited number of FI partners. We require participation from our FI partners in Cardlytics Direct and access to their purchase data in order to offer our solutions to marketers and their agencies. We must have FI partners with a sufficient number of customers and levels of customer engagement to ensure that we have robust purchase data and marketing space to support a broad array of incentive programs for marketers. Our agreements with a substantial majority of our FI partners have terms of three to seven years but are generally terminable by the FI partner on 90 days or less prior notice. If an FI partner terminates its agreement with us, we would lose that FI as a source of purchase data and online banking customers. During six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019 , Bank of America, National Association ("Bank of America") accounted for 67% and 41% of the total FI Share we paid to all FIs, respectively. JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association (“Chase”) accounted for 0% and 35% of the total FI Share we paid to all FIs during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019 , respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019 , an FI partner in the U.K. accounted for 10% and 8% of FI Share, respectively. No other FI partners accounted for over 10% of FI Share during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2019. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash held in checking accounts, upon which we earn up to a 1.06% annual rate of interest as of June 30, 2019 . Restricted cash primarily represents deposits held in an account controlled by our lender as additional security for our payment obligations under our 2018 Term Loan, upon which we earn a 0.51% annual rate of interest as of June 30, 2019 . During the second quarter of 2019, we used $10.0 million of restricted cash and to partially repay the 2018 Term Loan. Refer to Note 3—Debt , for additional information regarding our 2018 Term Loan. Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as presented on our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows consists of the following (in thousands): December 31, June 30, 2017 2018 2018 2019 Cash and cash equivalents $ 21,262 $ 39,623 $ 50,468 $ 32,495 Restricted cash — 20,247 20,000 10,254 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 21,262 $ 59,870 $ 70,468 $ 42,749 |