Segment Information | 18. SEGMENT INFORMATION The Company has two operating segments, which are also its reportable segments. The Company's operating segments are organized based upon primary market channels and, in most instances, the end use of products. Through its Electrical Raceway segment, the Company manufactures products that deploy, isolate and protect a structure's electrical circuitry from the original power source to the final outlet. These products, which include electrical conduit, armored cable, cable trays, mounting systems and fittings, are critical components of the electrical infrastructure for maintenance, repair and remodel markets. The vast majority of the Company's Electrical Raceway net sales are made to electrical distributors, who then serve electrical contractors and the Company considers both to be customers. Through the MP&S segment, the Company provides products and services that frame, support and secure component parts in a broad range of structures, equipment and systems in electrical, industrial and construction applications. The Company's principal products in this segment are metal framing products and in-line galvanized mechanical tube. Through its metal framing business, the Company designs, manufactures and installs metal strut and fittings used to assemble mounting structures that support heavy equipment and electrical content in buildings and other structures. Both segments use Adjusted EBITDA as the primary measure of profit and loss. Segment Adjusted EBITDA is the sum of income (loss) from operations before income taxes, adjusted to exclude unallocated expenses, depreciation and amortization, interest expense, net, gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt, restructuring and impairments, stock-based compensation, certain legal matters, transaction costs and other items, such as inventory reserves and adjustments, release of indemnified uncertain tax positions, and the impact of foreign exchange gains or losses. Intersegment transactions primarily consist of product sales at designated transfer prices on an arm's-length basis. Gross profit earned and reported within the segment is eliminated in the Company's consolidated results. Certain manufacturing and distribution expenses are allocated between the segments on a pro rata basis due to the shared nature of activities. Recorded amounts represent a proportional amount of the quantity of product produced for each segment. Certain assets, such as machinery and equipment and facilities, are not allocated to each segment despite serving both segments. These shared assets are reported within the MP&S segment. We allocate certain corporate operating expenses that directly benefit our operating segments, such as insurance and information technology, on a basis that reasonably approximates an estimate of the use of these services. Three months ended June 28, 2019 June 29, 2018 (in thousands) External Net Sales Intersegment Sales Adjusted EBITDA External Net Sales Intersegment Sales Adjusted EBITDA Electrical Raceway $ 372,895 $ 334 $ 76,721 $ 369,812 $ 521 $ 74,461 MP&S 120,596 — 20,595 128,202 37 12,013 Eliminations — (334 ) — (558 ) Consolidated operations $ 493,491 $ — $ 498,014 $ — Nine months ended June 28, 2019 June 29, 2018 (in thousands) External Net Sales Intersegment Sales Adjusted EBITDA External Net Sales Intersegment Sales Adjusted EBITDA Electrical Raceway $ 1,069,229 $ 920 $ 212,585 $ 1,010,523 $ 1,120 $ 187,025 MP&S 345,599 — 48,903 347,049 74 39,544 Eliminations — (920 ) — (1,194 ) Consolidated operations $ 1,414,828 $ — $ 1,357,572 $ — Presented below is a reconciliation of operating segment Adjusted EBITDA to Income before income taxes : Three months ended Nine months ended (in thousands) June 28, 2019 June 29, 2018 June 28, 2019 June 29, 2018 Operating segment Adjusted EBITDA Electrical Raceway $ 76,721 $ 74,461 $ 212,585 $ 187,025 MP&S 20,595 12,013 48,903 39,544 Total 97,316 86,474 261,488 226,569 Unallocated expenses (a) (8,835 ) (9,810 ) (25,890 ) (26,077 ) Depreciation and amortization (17,760 ) (16,192 ) (54,061 ) (49,255 ) Interest expense, net (12,789 ) (12,442 ) (38,277 ) (28,322 ) Restructuring and impairments (709 ) (407 ) (3,181 ) (1,245 ) Stock-based compensation (4,120 ) (3,494 ) (8,936 ) (9,828 ) Certain legal matters — — — (2,286 ) Transaction costs (76 ) (768 ) (363 ) (2,676 ) Gain on sale of a business — 838 — 27,575 Other (b) (5,371 ) 352 (8,213 ) (2,249 ) Income before income taxes $ 47,656 $ 44,551 $ 122,567 $ 132,206 (a) Represents unallocated selling, general and administrative activities and associated expenses including, in part, executive, legal, finance, human resources, information technology, business development and communications, as well as certain costs and earnings of employee-related benefits plans, such as stock-based compensation and a portion of self-insured medical costs. (b) Represents other items, such as inventory reserves and adjustments, release of indemnified uncertain tax positions and the impact of foreign exchange gains or losses. The Company's net sales by geography were as follows for the three and nine months ended June 28, 2019 and June 29, 2018 : Three months ended Nine months ended (in thousands) June 28, 2019 June 29, 2018 June 28, 2019 June 29, 2018 United States $ 436,767 $ 449,907 $ 1,240,402 $ 1,222,573 Other Americas 7,821 11,938 26,030 29,653 Europe 36,277 23,822 108,947 67,507 Asia-Pacific 12,626 12,347 39,449 37,839 Total $ 493,491 $ 498,014 $ 1,414,828 $ 1,357,572 The table below shows the amount of net sales from external customers for each of the Company's product categories which accounted for 10% or more of consolidated net sales in either period for the three and nine months ended June 28, 2019 and June 29, 2018 : Three months ended Nine months ended (in thousands) June 28, 2019 June 29, 2018 June 28, 2019 June 29, 2018 Metal Electrical Conduit and Fittings $ 139,342 $ 146,497 $ 404,720 375,507 Armored Cable and Fittings 90,891 84,686 263,864 253,727 PVC Electrical Conduit and Fittings 78,765 86,742 213,181 234,101 Cable Tray and Cable Ladders 50,680 37,715 147,592 108,814 Other raceway products 13,217 14,172 39,872 38,374 Electrical Raceway 372,895 369,812 1,069,229 1,010,523 Mechanical Pipe 63,502 71,756 186,209 182,268 Metal Framing and Fittings 29,328 31,234 88,389 83,544 Other MP&S products 27,766 25,212 71,001 71,854 Impact of Fence and Sprinkler — — — 9,383 MP&S 120,596 128,202 345,599 347,049 Net sales $ 493,491 $ 498,014 $ 1,414,828 $ 1,357,572 |