SEGMENT INFORMATION | 20. SEGMENT INFORMATION The Company has two operating segments, which are also its reportable segments. The Company's operating segments are organized based upon primary market channels and, in most instances, the end use of products. Through its Electrical Raceway segment, the Company manufactures products that deploy, isolate and protect a structure's electrical circuitry from the original power source to the final outlet. These products, which include electrical conduit, armored cable, cable trays, mounting systems and fittings, are critical components of the electrical infrastructure for maintenance, repair and remodel markets. The vast majority of the Company's Electrical Raceway net sales are made to electrical distributors, who then serve electrical contractors and the Company considers both to be customers. Through the MP&S segment, the Company provides products and services that frame, support and secure component parts in a broad range of structures, equipment and systems in electrical, industrial and construction applications. The Company's principal products in this segment are metal framing products and in-line galvanized mechanical tube. Through its metal framing business, the Company designs, manufactures and installs metal strut and fittings used to assemble mounting structures that support heavy equipment and electrical content in buildings and other structures. Both segments use Adjusted EBITDA as the primary measure of profit and loss. Segment Adjusted EBITDA is the income (loss) before income taxes, adjusted to exclude unallocated expenses, depreciation and amortization, interest expense, net, gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt, restructuring charges, stock-based compensation, certain legal matters, transaction costs, gain on purchase of business, gain on sale of a business and other items, such as inventory reserves and adjustments, loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment, insurance recovery related to damages of property, plant and equipment, release of indemnified uncertain tax positions, and realized or unrealized gain (loss) on foreign currency impacts of intercompany loans and related forward currency derivatives. Intersegment transactions primarily consist of product sales at designated transfer prices on an arm's-length basis. Gross profit earned and reported within the segment is eliminated in the Company's consolidated results. Certain manufacturing and distribution expenses are allocated between the segments on a pro rata basis due to the shared nature of activities. Recorded amounts represent a proportional amount of the quantity of product produced for each segment. Certain assets, such as machinery and equipment and facilities, are not allocated to each segment despite serving both segments. These shared assets are reported within the MP&S segment. We allocate certain corporate operating expenses that directly benefit our operating segments, such as insurance and information technology, on a basis that reasonably approximates an estimate of the use of these services. Fiscal year ended September 30, 2020 September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 (in thousands) External Net Sales Inter- segment Sales Adjusted EBITDA External Net Sales Inter- segment Sales Adjusted EBITDA External Net Sales Inter- segment Sales Adjusted EBITDA Electrical Raceway $ 1,328,721 $ 2,554 $ 299,485 $ 1,442,278 $ 1,215 $ 292,585 $ 1,365,067 $ 1,544 $ 255,260 MP&S 436,700 — $ 61,152 474,260 — $ 70,040 470,072 81 $ 51,339 Eliminations — (2,554 ) — (1,215 ) — (1,625 ) Consolidated operations $ 1,765,421 $ — $ 1,916,538 $ — $ 1,835,139 $ — Capital Expenditures Total Assets (in thousands) September 30, 2020 September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 September 30, 2020 September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 Electrical Raceway $ 17,667 $ 19,856 $ 16,389 $ 835,629 $ 871,771 $ 751,024 MP&S 13,870 13,934 14,267 215,350 252,708 291,164 Unallocated 2,233 1,070 7,845 507,546 312,516 281,872 Consolidated operations $ 33,770 $ 34,860 $ 38,501 $ 1,558,525 $ 1,436,995 $ 1,324,060 Presented below is a reconciliation of operating segment Adjusted EBITDA to Income before income taxes : Fiscal Year Ended (in thousands) September 30, 2020 September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 Operating segment Adjusted EBITDA Electrical Raceway $ 299,485 $ 292,585 $ 255,260 MP&S 61,152 70,040 51,339 Total $ 360,637 $ 362,625 $ 306,599 Unallocated expenses (a) (34,002 ) (38,217 ) (35,050 ) Depreciation and amortization (74,470 ) (72,347 ) (66,890 ) Interest expense, net (40,062 ) (50,473 ) (40,694 ) Gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt (273 ) — — Restructuring charges (3,284 ) (3,804 ) (1,849 ) Stock-based compensation (13,064 ) (11,798 ) (14,664 ) Certain legal matters — — 4,833 Transaction costs (196 ) (1,200 ) (9,314 ) Gain on purchase of business — 7,384 — Gain on sale of a business — — 27,575 Other (b) 6,712 (7,501 ) (4,194 ) Income before income taxes $ 201,998 $ 184,669 $ 166,352 (a) Represents unallocated selling, general and administrative activities and associated expenses including, in part, executive, legal, finance, human resources, information technology, business development and communications, as well as certain costs and earnings of employee-related benefits plans, such as stock-based compensation and a portion of self-insured medical costs. (b) Represents other items, such as inventory reserves and adjustments, loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment, insurance recovery related to damages of property, plant and equipment, release of indemnified uncertain tax positions and realized or unrealized gain (loss) on foreign currency impacts of intercompany loans and related forward currency derivatives. The Company's long-lived assets and net sales by geography were as follows: Long-lived assets Net sales (in thousands) September 30, 2020 September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 September 30, 2020 September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 United States $ 203,694 $ 219,614 $ 201,101 $ 1,563,258 $ 1,689,194 $ 1,651,636 Other Americas 146 147 138 26,421 33,485 43,013 Europe 41,283 43,207 11,090 132,299 142,279 90,915 Asia-Pacific 1,759 1,998 2,386 43,443 51,580 49,575 Total $ 246,882 $ 264,966 $ 214,715 $ 1,765,421 $ 1,916,538 $ 1,835,139 The table below shows the amount of net sales from external customers for each of the Company's product categories which accounted for 10% or more of consolidated net sales in any of the last three fiscal years: Fiscal Year Ended (in thousands) September 30, 2020 September 30, 2019 September 30, 2018 Metal Electrical Conduit and Fittings $ 484,476 $ 546,533 $ 517,935 Armored Cable and Fittings 306,460 360,494 336,388 PVC Electrical Conduit & Fittings 308,561 292,243 311,811 Cable Tray & Cable Ladders 193,306 199,303 145,795 Other raceway products 35,918 43,705 53,138 Electrical Raceway 1,328,721 1,442,278 1,365,067 Mechanical Pipe 244,902 259,613 253,381 Other MP&S products 191,798 214,647 216,691 MP&S 436,700 474,260 470,072 Net sales $ 1,765,421 $ 1,916,538 $ 1,835,139 Risks and Concentrations Concentration of Credit Risk — The Company extends credit to various customers in the retail and construction industries. Collection of trade receivables may be affected by changes in economic or other industry conditions and may, accordingly, impact the Company's overall credit risk. Although the Company generally does not require collateral, the Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of customers and maintains reserves for potential credit losses. As of September 30, 2020, one customer, Sonepar Management US, Inc., represented 11% of the Company's accounts receivable balance due to increased sales in the last 60 days of the year. As of September 30, 2019, no single customer represented more than 10% of the Company's accounts receivable balance. For fiscal 2020, 2019 and 2018, no single customer accounted for more than 10% of sales. Concentration of Employees — As of September 30, 2020 , approximately 24% of the Company's employees were represented by a union under a collective bargaining agreement. All unions are located in either the United States or Canada, with no unions or Worker's Councils at any of the other locations abroad. On July 14, 2020, the Company and the United Steelworkers Union, representing approximately 350 employees, reached agreement on the terms of a new collective bargaining agreement for our largest facility in Harvey, Illinois, which expires in April 2024. |