Loans Portfolio | Note 3. Loans Portfolio Loans Receivable Our loans receivable portfolio as of September 30, 2022 was comprised of the following loans ($ in thousands, except for number of loans): Number of Loan Commitment (4) Unpaid Principal Balance Carrying Weighted Average Spread (2) Weighted Average Interest Rate (3) Loans receivable held-for-investment: Variable: Senior loans (1) 69 $ 8,920,827 $ 7,156,048 $ 7,105,113 + 4.02% 7.10 % Subordinate loans 2 61,500 59,481 59,602 + 11.57% 14.71 % 71 8,982,327 7,215,529 7,164,715 + 4.08% 7.17 % Fixed: Senior loans (1) 4 $ 41,787 $ 39,050 $ 39,049 N/A 7.61 % Subordinate loans 2 125,927 125,927 125,647 N/A 8.49 % 6 167,714 164,977 164,696 8.28 % Total/Weighted Average 77 $ 9,150,041 $ 7,380,506 $ 7,329,411 N/A 7.19 % Current expected credit loss reserve ( 59,188 ) Loans receivable held-for-investment, net $ 7,270,223 (1) Senior loans include senior mortgages and similar loans, including related contiguous subordinate loans (if any), and pari passu participations in senior mortgage loans. (2) The weighted average spread is expressed as a spread over the relevant floating benchmark rates. One-month LIBOR as of September 30, 2022 was 3.14 % . One-month term Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") as of September 30, 2022 was 3.04 % . Weighted average is based on outstanding principal as of September 30, 2022 . (3) Reflects the weighted average interest rate based on the applicable floating benchmark rate (if applicable), including LIBOR/SOFR floors (if applicable). Weighted average is based on outstanding principal as of September 30, 2022 and includes loans on non-accrual status. (4) Loan commitment represents principal outstanding plus remaining unfunded loan commitments. Our loans receivable portfolio as of December 31, 2021 was comprised of the following loans ($ in thousands, except for number of loans): Number of Loan Commitment (5) Unpaid Principal Balance Carrying Weighted Average Spread (2) Weighted Average Interest Rate (4) Loans receivable held-for-investment: Variable: Senior loans (1,3) 51 $ 7,163,032 $ 6,119,619 $ 6,085,351 + 4.06% 5.16 % Subordinate loans 3 137,079 133,119 133,552 + 10.38% 11.37 % 54 7,300,111 6,252,738 6,218,903 + 4.19% 5.29 % Fixed: Senior loans (1) 3 $ 62,573 $ 62,573 $ 62,782 N/A 10.09 % Subordinate loans 2 125,927 125,927 125,620 N/A 8.49 % 5 188,500 188,500 188,402 9.02 % Total/Weighted Average 59 $ 7,488,611 $ 6,441,238 $ 6,407,305 N/A 5.40 % Current expected credit loss reserve ( 67,010 ) Loans receivable held-for-investment, net $ 6,340,295 (1) Senior loans include senior mortgages and similar loans, including related contiguous subordinate loans (if any), and pari passu participations in senior mortgage loans. (2) The weighted average spread is expressed as a spread over the relevant floating benchmark rates. One-month LIBOR as of December 31, 2021 was 0.10 %. Weighted average is based on outstanding principal as of December 31, 2021 . (3) Includes a fixed rate loan with an outstanding principal balance of $ 33.5 million and a loan commitment of $ 39.7 million as of December 31, 2021 , which shares the same collateral as floating rate loans with an outstanding principal balance of $ 103.1 million and a loan commitment of $ 104.4 million at December 31, 2021 . (4) Reflects the weighted average interest rate based on the applicable floating benchmark rate (if applicable), including LIBOR floors (if applicable). Weighted average is based on outstanding principal as of December 31, 2021 and includes loans on non-accrual status. (5) Loan commitment represents principal outstanding plus unfunded loan commitments. Certain loans receivable held by us include LIBOR/SOFR floors, which establish the minimum interest rate a borrower may pay on a loan. The weighted average LIBOR/SOFR floor in place based on unpaid principal balance on floating rate loans is 0.85 % as of September 30, 2022. The following table presents the range of LIBOR/SOFR floors held in our loan portfolio as of September 30, 2022 based on outstanding principal ($ in thousands): One-month LIBOR/SOFR Floor Range Unpaid % of Cumulative 2.00 % - 2.50 % $ 782,123 11 % 11 % 1.50 % - 1.99 % 1,569,759 21 % 32 % 1.00 % - 1.49 % 738,591 10 % 42 % 0.50 % - 0.99 % 342,086 5 % 47 % < 0.50 % 3,135,761 42 % 89 % No floor 647,209 9 % 98 % Total Floating Rate Loans 7,215,529 Total Fixed Rate Loans 164,977 2 % 100 % Total Loans $ 7,380,506 The following table presents the carrying value and significant characteristics of our loans receivable on non-accrual status as of September 30, 2022 ($ in thousands): Origination Date Initial Maturity Date Date Through Which Interest Collected Risk Rating Carrying Value Unpaid Principal Balance Specific Net Carrying Value Interest Recognition Method(1) 8/2/2019 10/30/2021 11/1/2021 4 $ 67,000 $ 67,000 $ - $ 67,000 Cash Basis 7/1/2019 12/30/2020 7/1/2020 5 3,500 3,500 - 3,500 Cost Recovery Total non-accrual (2) 70,500 70,500 - 70,500 Carrying value of associated financings $ ( 33,500 ) Net carrying value $ 37,000 (1) No interest income was recognized on these loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 . (2) Loans classified as non-accrual represented 1.0 % of the total loan portfolio at September 30, 2022 , based on unpaid principal balance. Excludes two additional loans with an aggregate carrying value of $ 136.8 million that are in maturity default. The following table presents the carrying value and significant characteristics of our loans receivable on non-accrual status as of December 31, 2021 ($ in thousands): Origination Date Initial Maturity Date Date Through Which Interest Collected Risk Rating Carrying Value Unpaid Principal Balance Specific Net Carrying Value Interest Recognition Method 5/5/2017 1/1/2023 12/1/2021 5 $ 11,533 $ 11,533 $ ( 333 ) $ 11,200 Cost Recovery 7/10/2018 12/10/2023 12/1/2021 4 77,530 81,380 - 77,530 Cash Basis Total current 89,063 92,913 ( 333 ) 88,730 8/2/2019 10/30/2021 11/1/2021 4 67,000 67,000 - 67,000 Cash Basis 9/21/2018 10/1/2020 2/1/2020 4 116,211 116,020 - 116,211 Cash Basis 3/29/2018 1/26/2021 7/9/2020 4 76,069 75,579 - 76,069 Cash Basis 7/1/2019 12/30/2020 7/1/2020 5 15,000 15,000 ( 6,000 ) 9,000 Cost Recovery Total delinquent 274,280 273,599 ( 6,000 ) 268,280 Total non-accrual (1) $ 363,343 $ 366,512 $ ( 6,333 ) $ 357,010 Carrying value of associated financings $ ( 122,450 ) Net carrying value $ 234,560 (1) Loans classified as non-accrual and delinquent on debt service represented 4.1 % of the total loan portfolio at December 31, 2021 , based on unpaid principal balance. Activity relating to the loans receivable portfolio for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 ($ in thousands): Unpaid Principal Balance Deferred Fees Specific CECL Allowance Carrying Value (1) Balance at December 31, 2021 $ 6,441,238 $ ( 33,933 ) $ ( 6,333 ) $ 6,400,972 Initial funding of new loan originations and acquisitions 1,996,086 - - 1,996,086 Advances on existing loans 429,901 - - 429,901 Non-cash advances in lieu of interest 50,876 966 - 51,842 Origination fees, extension fees and exit fees - ( 37,288 ) - ( 37,288 ) Repayments of loans receivable ( 1,389,947 ) - - ( 1,389,947 ) Repayments of non-cash advances in lieu of interest ( 20,128 ) - - ( 20,128 ) Accretion of fees - 19,351 - 19,351 Sale proceeds ( 146,912 ) - - ( 146,912 ) Gain (loss) on sale 30,892 ( 191 ) - 30,701 Specific CECL Allowance - - ( 5,205 ) ( 5,205 ) Principal charge-offs ( 11,500 ) - 11,500 - Balance at September 30, 2022 $ 7,380,506 $ ( 51,095 ) $ ( 38 ) $ 7,329,373 General CECL Allowance $ ( 59,150 ) Carrying Value $ 7,270,223 (1) Balance at December 31, 2021 does not include general CECL allowance. In the second quarter of 2022, we sold a senior loan with a carrying value of $ 116.2 million and recognized a realized gain of $ 30.1 million. The financial asset was legally isolated, the transferee has the ability to pledge the assets without constraint and control has been transferred to the transferee. We have determined the transaction constituted a sale. Through CMTG/TT Mortgage REIT LLC ("CMTG/TT"), a previously consolidated joint venture, we held a 51.0 % interest in $ 78.5 million of subordinate loans secured by land in New York, which had been on non-accrual status since October 2021. During the third quarter of 2022, we directly acquired the senior position of the loan of $ 73.5 million and converted the whole loan from a land loan into a construction loan to finance the development of a hotel. The borrower simultaneously committed additional equity to the project. Immediately following the conversion of the loan, we own $ 115.3 million of total loan commitments, of which $ 75.0 million has been funded and is included in loans receivable held-for-investments on our consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2022 , as well as 51.0 % of the remaining $ 78.5 million of subordinate loans held through CMTG/TT which is accounted for under the equity method of accounting on our consolidated financial statements. See Note 4 - Equity Method Investment for further detail. The new loans accrue interest at the new contractual rates. In the second quarter of 2022, we modified a loan with a borrower who was experiencing financial difficulties, resulting in a decrease in the index rate floor from 1.57 % to 1.00 % and modified extension requirements. As of September 30, 2022 , the loan had an amortized cost basis of $ 87.8 million and represents approximately 1.21 % of total loans receivable held-for-investment, net. The loan is considered as part of the general CECL allowance. The borrower is current on all contractually obligated payments. Interests in Loans Receivable Held-for-Investment We had no interests in loans receivable as of September 30, 2022. Our interests in loans receivable portfolio as of December 31, 2021 was comprised of the following loan ($ in thousands): Number of Loan Commitment (3) Unpaid Principal Balance Carrying Value Stated Rate (2) Interest Rate (4) Senior loans (1) 1 $ 200,727 $ 161,566 $ 161,864 L + 4.25% 5.50 % Current expected credit loss reserve ( 14 ) Interests in loans receivable held-for-investment, net $ 161,850 (1) Senior loans include senior mortgages and similar loans, including related contiguous subordinate loans (if any), and pari passu participations in senior mortgage loans. (2) One-month LIBOR as of December 31, 2021 was 0.10 % . (3) Loan commitment represents principal outstanding plus unfunded loan commitments. (4) Reflects the interest rate based on the applicable floating benchmark rate (if applicable), including LIBOR/SOFR floors (if applicable). Activity relating to the interests in loans receivable portfolio for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 ($ in thousands): Unpaid Principal Balance Deferred Fees Carrying Value (1) Balance at December 31, 2021 $ 161,566 $ 298 $ 161,864 Advances on existing interests in loans receivable 14,653 - 14,653 Non-cash advances in lieu of interest 2,427 - 2,427 Origination fees, extension fees and exit fees - ( 502 ) ( 502 ) Repayments of interests in loans receivable ( 165,468 ) - ( 165,468 ) Repayment of non-cash advances in lieu of interest ( 13,178 ) - ( 13,178 ) Accretion of origination fees, net - 204 204 Balance at September 30, 2022 $ - $ - $ - (1) Balance at December 31, 2021 does not include general CECL allowance. The following table details overall statistics for our loans receivable and interests in loans receivable portfolio ($ in thousands): Loans Receivable Interests in Loans Receivable September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Weighted average yield to maturity 7.7 % 5.6 % N/A 6.7 % Weighted average term to fully extended maturity 3.5 years 3.3 years N/A 1.6 years Concentration of Risk The following table presents our loans receivable and interests in loans receivable portfolio by loan type, as well as property type and geographic location of the properties collateralizing these loans as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 ($ in thousands): September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Loan Type Carrying Value Percentage Carrying Value Percentage Senior loans (1) $ 7,144,162 97 % $ 6,309,997 96 % Subordinate loans 185,249 3 % 259,172 4 % $ 7,329,411 100 % $ 6,569,169 100 % Current expected credit loss reserve $ ( 59,188 ) $ ( 67,024 ) $ 7,270,223 $ 6,502,145 Property Type Carrying Value Percentage Carrying Value Percentage Office $ 1,064,017 15 % $ 1,113,805 17 % Mixed-use (2) 641,365 9 % 734,613 11 % Hospitality 1,519,301 21 % 1,176,842 18 % Land 441,894 6 % 631,713 10 % Multifamily 3,019,352 41 % 1,986,628 30 % For Sale Condo 466,299 6 % 710,660 11 % Other 177,183 2 % 214,908 3 % $ 7,329,411 100 % $ 6,569,169 100 % Current expected credit loss reserve $ ( 59,188 ) $ ( 67,024 ) $ 7,270,223 $ 6,502,145 Geographic Location Carrying Value Percentage Carrying Value Percentage United States Northeast $ 1,994,376 28 % $ 2,734,550 41 % Mid Atlantic 815,889 11 % 1,235,527 19 % Midwest 454,945 6 % 309,298 5 % Southeast 941,867 13 % 836,904 13 % Southwest 692,144 9 % 269,461 4 % West 2,423,852 33 % 1,156,896 18 % Other 6,338 0 % 26,533 0 % $ 7,329,411 100 % $ 6,569,169 100 % Current expected credit loss reserve $ ( 59,188 ) $ ( 67,024 ) $ 7,270,223 $ 6,502,145 (1) Senior loans include senior mortgages and similar credit quality loans, including related contiguous subordinate loans and pari passu participations in senior mortgage loans. (2) Mixed-use comprises of 5 % office, 2 % retail, 1 % for sale condo, 1 % multifamily, and immaterial hospitality and signage components. Interest Income and Accretion The following table summarizes our interest and accretion income from loans receivable held-for-investment, from interests in loans receivable held-for-investment, and from interest on cash balances, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively ($ in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 September 30, 2021 September 30, 2022 September 30, 2021 Coupon interest $ 116,435 $ 96,913 $ 295,080 $ 294,771 Interest on cash and cash equivalents 1,229 2 1,572 29 Accretion of fees 8,856 6,961 19,555 19,526 Total interest and related income (1) $ 126,520 $ 103,876 $ 316,207 $ 314,326 (1) We recognized $ 3.6 million and $ 4.5 million in pre-payment penalties and accelerated fees during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. We recognized $ 1.0 million and $ 2.1 million in pre-payment penalties and accelerated fees during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 . Loan Risk Ratings As further described in Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, we evaluate the credit quality of our loan portfolio on a quarterly basis. In conjunction with our quarterly loan portfolio review, we assess the risk factors of each loan and assign a risk rating based on several factors. Factors considered in the assessment include, but are not limited to, current loan-to-value, debt yield, structure, cash flow volatility, exit plan, current market environment and sponsorship level. Loans are rated “1” (less risk) through “5” (greater risk), which ratings are defined in Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. The following tables allocate the principal balance and carrying value of the loans receivable and interests in loans receivable based on our internal risk ratings ($ in thousands): September 30, 2022 Risk Rating Number of Loans Unpaid Principal Balance Carrying Value % of Total of Unpaid Principal Balance 1 0 $ - $ - 0 % 2 1 927 907 0 % 3 67 6,558,513 6,510,965 89 % 4 7 814,728 811,201 11 % 5 2 6,338 6,338 0 % 77 $ 7,380,506 $ 7,329,411 Current expected credit loss reserve ( 59,188 ) $ 7,270,223 December 31, 2021 Risk Rating Number of Loans Unpaid Principal Balance Carrying Value % of Total of Unpaid Principal Balance 1 1 $ 35,721 $ 35,699 1 % 2 6 705,886 703,714 10 % 3 42 4,678,785 4,649,076 71 % 4 9 1,155,879 1,154,147 18 % 5 2 26,533 26,533 0 % 60 $ 6,602,804 $ 6,569,169 Current expected credit loss reserve ( 67,024 ) $ 6,502,145 As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 , the average risk rating of our portfolio was 3.1 and 3.1 , respectively, weighted by unpaid principal balance. Current Expected Credit Losses The current expected credit loss reserve required under GAAP reflects our current estimate of potential credit losses related to loans receivable, interests in loans receivable, accrued interest receivable and unfunded loan commitments. See Note 2 for further discussion of our allowance for loan losses. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 , we recorded a principal charge-off of $ 11.5 million against a loan made to the personal estate of a former borrower. Prior to the charge-off, the loan had an unpaid principal balance $ 15.0 million and a specific CECL reserve of $ 6.0 million, resulting in a carrying value of $ 9.0 million. Following the charge-off, the loan's carrying value is $ 3.5 million, which represents estimated collection. The loan is on non-accrual status and is in maturity default. In December of 2021, we received principal repayments of $ 81.7 million on a senior loan with an outstanding principal balance of $ 95.0 million, and a maturity date of May 31, 2021, and recorded a principal charge-off of $ 1.8 million. Following the repayment, the maturity date of the loan was extended to January 1, 2023. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 , the loan had a specific loan loss allowance of $ 38,000 and $ 0.3 million, respectively, which represents additional collectible interest through the maturity date. Subsequent to September 30, 2022, this loan was repaid in full. During the three months ended September 30, 2022 , we recorded a net provision of $ 2.4 million in the allowance for credit losses. The total allowance for loan losses increased to $ 75.0 million as of September 30, 2022. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in the size of our loan portfolio and changes in macroeconomic conditions. The following table illustrates the quarterly changes in the current expected credit loss reserve for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively ($ in thousands): General CECL Allowance Specific CECL Allowance (1) Loans Receivable Held-for-Investment Interests in Loans Receivable Held-for-Investment Accrued Interest Receivable Unfunded Loan Commitments (2) Total Total current expected credit loss $ 6,000 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 6,000 Initial CECL allowance, January 1, - 64,274 406 357 13,214 78,251 Increase (reversal) in current credit - 1,547 ( 141 ) ( 14 ) ( 1,577 ) ( 185 ) Total current expected credit loss $ 6,000 $ 65,821 $ 265 $ 343 $ 11,637 $ 84,066 Increase (reversal) in current credit 500 ( 3,954 ) 270 ( 33 ) ( 4,705 ) ( 7,922 ) Total current expected credit loss $ 6,500 $ 61,867 $ 535 $ 310 $ 6,932 $ 76,144 Increase (reversal) in current credit 2,000 ( 11,154 ) ( 306 ) ( 64 ) 218 ( 9,306 ) Total current expected credit loss $ 8,500 $ 50,713 $ 229 $ 246 $ 7,150 $ 66,838 Total current expected credit loss $ 6,333 $ 60,677 $ 14 $ 218 $ 6,286 $ 73,528 Increase (reversal) in current credit ( 133 ) ( 1,269 ) 28 ( 218 ) 3,694 2,102 Total current expected credit loss $ 6,200 $ 59,408 $ 42 $ - $ 9,980 $ 75,630 Principal charge-offs ( 11,500 ) - - - - ( 11,500 ) Increase (reversal) in current credit 5,405 ( 113 ) ( 42 ) - 3,280 8,530 Total current expected credit loss $ 105 $ 59,295 $ - $ - $ 13,260 $ 72,660 Increase (reversal) in current credit ( 67 ) ( 145 ) - - 2,564 2,352 Total current expected credit loss $ 38 $ 59,150 $ - $ - $ 15,824 $ 75,012 Percent of Unpaid Principal Balance at September 30, 2022 1.0 % (1) As of December 31, 2020 , amounts represent specific loan loss provisions recorded on assets before the adoption of ASU 2016-13. After the adoption of ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2021, amounts represent specific CECL allowance. (2) The CECL allowance for unfunded commitments is included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Our primary credit quality indicator is our internal risk ratings, which are further discussed above. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of our loans receivable as of September 30, 2022 by year of origination and risk rating ($ in thousands): Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Risk Rating Number of Loans Amortized Cost Basis 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 1 0 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - 2 1 907 - - - - 907 - 3 67 6,510,965 2,019,264 1,853,294 91,736 1,649,447 799,735 97,489 4 7 811,201 - - 199,660 224,903 386,638 - 5 2 17,838 - - - 15,000 - 2,838 Charge-offs ( 11,500 ) - - - ( 11,500 ) - - 77 $ 7,329,411 $ 2,019,264 $ 1,853,294 $ 291,396 $ 1,877,850 $ 1,187,280 $ 100,327 |