Loans Portfolio | 3. Loans Portfolio Loans receivable The Company’s loans receivable portfolio as of September 30, 2021 was comprised of the following loans (dollars in thousands, except for number of loans): Number of Investments Number of Loans Loan Commitment (5) Principal Outstanding Carrying Value Weighted Average Stated Rate (2) Weighted Average Interest Rate (4) Loans receivable held-for-investment: Variable: Senior loans (1,3) 48 84 $ 6,452,082 $ 5,515,249 $ 5,487,984 L + 4.29% % 5.68 % Subordinate loans 4 6 436,544 413,967 415,056 L + 8.95% % 10.71 % 6,888,626 5,929,216 5,903,040 L + 4.62% % 6.03 % Fixed: Senior loans (1) 2 3 $ 58,939 $ 58,939 $ 59,073 11.27 % Subordinate loans 2 2 23,027 21,610 21,446 11.55 % 81,966 80,549 80,519 11.35 % Total/Weighted Average $ 6,970,592 $ 6,009,765 $ 5,983,559 6.10 % Allowance for loan losses (59,213 ) Loans receivable held-for-investment, net $ 5,924,346 (1) Senior loans include senior mortgages and similar credit quality loans, including related contiguous subordinate loans, and pari passu participations in senior mortgage loans. (2) One-month LIBOR as of September 30, 2021 was 0.08%. Weighted average is based on outstanding principal as of September 30, 2021. (3) Includes a fixed rate loan with an outstanding principal balance of $27.2 million and a loan commitment of $39.7 million at September 30, 2021, which shares the same collateral as floating rate loans with an outstanding principal balance of $143.7 million and a loan commitment of $146.8 million at September 30, 2021. (4) Reflects the weighted average interest rate based on the applicable floating benchmark rate (if applicable), including LIBOR floors (if applicable). Weighted average is based on outstanding principal as of September 30, 2021. (5) Loan commitment represents initial loan commitments, as adjusted by commitment reductions, less loan repayments and transfers which qualified for sale accounting under GAAP. The Company’s loans receivable portfolio as of December 31, 2020 was comprised of the following loans (dollars in thousands, except for number of loans): Number of Investments Number of Loans Loan Commitment (5) Principal Outstanding Carrying Value (6) Weighted Average Stated Rate (2) Weighted Average Interest Rate (4) Loans receivable held-for- investment Variable: Senior loans (1,3) 46 80 $ 6,395,473 $ 5,272,201 $ 5,252,577 L + 4.35% % 5.93 % Subordinate loans 8 11 852,982 782,646 782,167 L + 8.72% % 10.20 % 7,248,455 6,054,847 6,034,744 L + 4.91% % 6.48 % Fixed: Senior loans (1) 2 3 $ 75,669 $ 75,669 $ 69,523 12.59 % Subordinate loans 2 2 25,527 21,815 21,558 11.00 % 101,196 97,484 91,081 12.24 % Total/Weighted Average $ 7,349,651 $ 6,152,331 $ 6,125,825 6.57 % (1) Senior loans include senior mortgages and similar credit quality loans, including related contiguous subordinate loans, and pari passu participations in senior mortgage loans. (2) One-month LIBOR as of December 31, 2020 was 0.14%. Weighted average is based on outstanding principal as of December 31, 2020. (3) Includes a fixed rate loan with an outstanding principal balance of $6.4 million and a loan commitment of $39.7 million as of December 31, 2020, which shares the same collateral as floating rate loans with an outstanding principal balance of $138.3 million and a loan commitment of $146.8 million at December 31, 2020. (4) Reflects the weighted average interest rate based on the applicable floating benchmark rate (if applicable), including LIBOR floors (if applicable). Weighted average is based on outstanding principal as of December 31, 2020. (5) Loan commitment represents initial loan commitments, as adjusted by commitment reductions, less loan repayments and transfers which qualified for sale accounting under GAAP. (6) Carrying value is presented net of loan loss reserves of $6.0 million. Certain loans receivable held by the Company include LIBOR floors, which establish the minimum interest rate a borrower may pay on a loan. The weighted average LIBOR floor in place based on unpaid principal balance on floating rate loans is 1.4% as of September 30, 2021. The following table presents the range of LIBOR floors held in the Company’s loan portfolio as of September 30, 2021 based on outstanding principal (dollars in thousands): One-month LIBOR Floor Range (1) Unpaid Principal Balance % of Total Cumulative % Fixed rate $ 107,723 2 % 2 % 2.25% - 2.50% 788,093 13 % 15 % 2.00% - 2.24% 902,583 15 % 30 % 1.75% - 1.99% 1,314,438 22 % 52 % 1.50% - 1.74% 442,392 7 % 59 % 1.25% - 1.49% 570,517 10 % 69 % 1.00% - 1.24% 356,424 6 % 75 % < 1.00% 1,260,047 21 % 96 % No floor 267,548 4 % 100 % Total $ 6,009,765 (1) All floors are in excess of LIBOR at September 30, 2021. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the weighted average yield to maturity on loans receivable was 6.1% and 7.0%, respectively. For loans that are floating rate loans, the weighted average yield was calculated using the respective applicable benchmark rates, incorporating the impact of LIBOR floors, as applicable. The weighted average term to initial maturity of the loans receivable portfolio is 1.4 years and 1.4 years as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The weighted average term to maturity with the exercise of all extension options is 3.0 years and 3.1 years as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. There was a total of $382.0 million and $615.8 million of outstanding principal balance on non-accrual status at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. There were five investments representing 5.9% of the loans receivable and interests in loans receivable portfolio on non-accrual status at September 30, 2021, of which there were four investments, representing $300.6 million or 4.7% of the loans receivable and interests in loans receivable portfolio, on non-accrual status as a result of interest payments becoming 90 days past due. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, $1.9 million and $2.3 million, respectively, of income was recognized related to one of these loans while on non-accrual status. There were five investments representing $382.3 million of outstanding principal balance, or 5.9% of the loans receivable and interests in loans receivable portfolio at December 31, 2020 on non-accrual status as a result of interest payments becoming 90 days past due. There were no loans greater than 90 days past due that are on accrual status. Additionally, there was one loan, with an outstanding principal balance of $233.5 million at December 31, 2020, representing 3.6% of the loans receivable and interests in loans receivable portfolio at December 31, 2020 which had been placed on non-accrual status as a result of interest payments becoming 90 days past due, which was modified in December 2020 resulting in all past due interest being paid, in cash or compounded into the loan balance, bringing the loan current. Pursuant to GAAP, this loan was accounted for on a cash basis following the modification, meaning that interest income is recognized when received, until all principal and interest payments contractually due are reasonably assured of repayment and there is a consistent period of repayment by the borrower. The borrower of this loan made interest payments during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and the loan was repaid on September 30, 2021. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, $4.8 million and $15.3 million of income was recognized related to this loan. As of September 30, 2021, 81 of the Company’s loans receivable were directly financed. See Note 5 – Repurchase Agreements, Loan Participations Sold, Notes Payable, Secured Term Loan, Net and Debt Related to Real Estate Owned for details on the financings. Activity relating to the loans receivable portfolio for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (dollars in thousands): Held-for- Investment Held-for- Sale Total Balance at December 31, 2020 $ 6,125,825 $ - $ 6,125,825 Initial funding of new loan originations and acquisitions 842,154 - 842,154 Advances on existing loans 446,553 - 446,553 Non-cash advances in lieu of interest 55,792 - 55,792 Origination fees on loans receivable, net (16,311 ) - (16,311 ) Exit fees received on loans receivable (5,698 ) - (5,698 ) Extension fees received on loans receivable (2,368 ) - (2,368 ) Repayments of loans receivable (1,286,077 ) - (1,286,077 ) Repayments of non-cash advances to loans in lieu of interest (97,087 ) - (97,087 ) Accretion of origination fees, net 18,677 - 18,677 Transfer to real estate owned, net (103,901 ) - (103,901 ) Allowance for loan losses (53,213 ) - (53,213 ) Balance at September 30, 2021 $ 5,924,346 $ - $ 5,924,346 Activity relating to the loans receivable portfolio for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands): Held-for- Investment Held-for- Sale Total Balance at December 31, 2019 $ 5,940,268 $ - $ 5,940,268 Initial funding of new loan originations and acquisitions 226,661 - 226,661 Advances on existing loans 403,981 - 403,981 Non-cash advances in lieu of interest 66,470 - 66,470 Origination fees on loans receivable, net (3,512 ) - (3,512 ) Exit fees received on loans receivable (1,172 ) - (1,172 ) Extension fees received on loans receivable (591 ) - (591 ) Repayments of loans receivable (449,813 ) - (449,813 ) Repayments of non-cash advances to loans in lieu of interest (4,383 ) - (4,383 ) Accretion of origination fees, net 22,240 - 22,240 Realized loss on sale of investments - (202 ) (202 ) Transfer to loans held-for-sale (19,983 ) 19,983 - Sale of loans receivable held-for-sale - (19,781 ) (19,781 ) Balance at September 30, 2020 $ 6,180,166 $ - $ 6,180,166 Interests in loans receivable held-for-investment The Company’s interests in loans receivable portfolio as of September 30, 2021 was comprised of the following loans (dollars in thousands): Number of Investments Number of Loans Loan Commitment (3) Principal Outstanding Carrying Value Weighted Average Stated Rate (2) Weighted Average Interest Rate (4) Senior loans (1) 2 2 $ 511,849 $ 436,788 $ 436,950 L + 4.53% 5.40% Allowance for loan losses (229 ) Interests in loans receivable held-for-investment, net $ 436,721 (1) Senior loans include senior mortgages and similar credit quality loans, including related contiguous subordinate loans and pari passu participations in senior mortgage loans. (2) One-month LIBOR as of September 30, 2021 was 0.08%. Weighted average is based on outstanding principal as of September 30, 2021. (3) Loan commitment represents initial loan commitments, as adjusted by commitment reductions, less loan repayments and transfers which qualified for sale accounting under GAAP. (4) Reflects the weighted average interest rate based on the applicable floating benchmark rate (if applicable), including LIBOR floors (if applicable). Weighted average is based on outstanding principal as of September 30, 2021. The Company’s interests in loans receivable portfolio as of December 31, 2020 was comprised of the following loans (dollars in thousands): Number of Investments Number of Loans Loan Commitment (3) Principal Outstanding Carrying Value Weighted Average Stated Rate (2) Weighted Average Interest Rate (4) Senior loans (1) 2 2 $ 515,190 $ 338,957 $ 338,270 L + 4.54% 5.39% (1) Senior loans include senior mortgages and similar credit quality loans, including related contiguous subordinate loans and pari passu participations in senior mortgage loans. (2) One-month LIBOR as of December 31, 2020 was 0.14%. Weighted average is based on outstanding principal as of December 31, 2020. (3) Loan commitment represents initial loan commitments, as adjusted by commitment reductions, less loan repayments and transfers which qualified for sale accounting under GAAP. (4) Reflects the weighted average interest rate based on the applicable floating benchmark rate (if applicable), including LIBOR floors (if applicable). Weighted average is based on outstanding principal as of December 31, 2020. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the weighted average yield to maturity on interests in loans receivable was 5.8% and 5.9%, respectively. As all of the interests in loans are floating rate loans, the weighted average yield was calculated using the respective applicable benchmark rates, incorporating the impact of LIBOR floors, as applicable. The weighted average term to initial maturity of the interests in loans receivable portfolio is 0.2 and 0.8 years as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The weighted average term to maturity with the exercise of all extension options is 1.4 and 2.1 years as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. As of September 30, 2021, both of the Company’s interests in loans receivable were directly financed. See Note 5 – Repurchase Agreements, Loan Participations Sold, Notes Payable, Secured Term Loan, Net and Debt Related to Real Estate Owned for details on the financings. Activity relating to the interests in loans receivable portfolio for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (dollars in thousands): Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 September 30, 2020 Balance at beginning of period $ 338,270 $ 222,891 Advances on existing interests in loans receivable 86,022 83,963 Non-cash advances to interests in loans receivable in lieu of interest 15,149 9,458 Extension fees received on interests in loans receivable - (453 ) Repayments of interests in loans receivable (2,977 ) (15,224 ) Repayment of non-cash advances to interests in loans receivable in lieu of interest (363 ) - Accretion of origination fees, net 849 227 Allowance for loan losses (229 ) - Balance at end of period $ 436,721 $ 300,862 Concentration of Risk The following table presents the Company’s loans receivable and interests in loans receivable portfolio by loan type, as well as property type and geographic location of the properties collateralizing these loans as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (dollars in thousands): September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 Loan Type (1) Carrying Value Percentage Carrying Value (2) Percentage Senior loans (1) $ 5,984,007 93 % $ 5,660,370 88 % Subordinate loans 436,502 7 % 803,725 12 % $ 6,420,509 100 % $ 6,464,095 100 % Allowance for loan losses $ (59,442 ) $ 6,361,067 Property Type Carrying Value Percentage Carrying Value (2) Percentage Office $ 1,284,157 20 % $ 1,056,109 16 % Mixed-use 1,262,468 20 % 1,336,337 21 % Hospitality 1,254,458 19 % 1,051,658 16 % Land 617,926 10 % 525,147 8 % Multifamily 1,088,816 17 % 1,462,450 23 % For Sale Condo 726,077 11 % 902,812 14 % Other 186,607 3 % 129,582 2 % $ 6,420,509 100 % $ 6,464,095 100 % Allowance for loan losses $ (59,442 ) $ 6,361,067 Geographic Location Carrying Value Percentage Carrying Value (2) Percentage United States Northeast $ 2,886,648 45 % $ 3,078,980 48 % Mid Atlantic 950,295 15 % 1,022,852 16 % Midwest 422,895 7 % 237,879 4 % Southeast 950,082 15 % 918,608 14 % Southwest 207,780 3 % 87,750 1 % West 987,809 15 % 1,109,026 17 % Other 15,000 0 % 9,000 0 % $ 6,420,509 100 % $ 6,464,095 100 % Allowance for loan losses $ (59,442 ) $ 6,361,067 (1) Senior loans include senior mortgages and similar credit quality loans, including related contiguous subordinate loans and pari passu participations in senior mortgage loans. (2) Carrying value is presented n Interest Income and Accretion The following table summarizes the Company’s interest and accretion income from loans receivable held-for-investment, from loans receivable held-for-sale, from interests in loans receivable held-for-investment, and from interest on cash balances for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (dollars in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 September 30, 2020 September 30, 2021 September 30, 2020 Interest on loans receivable and interests in loans receivable $ 96,913 $ 99,318 $ 294,714 $ 313,940 Interest on cash accounts 2 100 29 703 Prepayment fees - - - 3,576 Accretion of origination fees, net 6,961 6,566 19,526 22,467 Miscellaneous income - - 57 100 Total interest and related income $ 103,876 $ 105,984 $ 314,326 $ 340,786 As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, no loan exceeded 10% of the Company’s assets. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, no loan contributed more than 10% of interest income. Loan Modifications During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company entered into loan modifications that include, among other items, the repurposing of reserves, temporary partial deferral of the coupon to non-cash advances in lieu of interest, increases in loan commitments, and extensions of loan maturity dates, which in certain cases included incremental capital contributions from certain borrowers. During the third quarter of 2021, the Company entered into a loan modification secured by a hospitality asset located in Newport Beach, CA, which is classified as a TDR under GAAP. This modification included, among other items, waiver of default interest, the compounding of $3.4 million of unpaid interest into the unpaid principal balance, the receipt of $1.5 million of unpaid interest in cash, and an extension of the loan’s maturity date. As of September 30, 2021, the loan had an outstanding principal balance of $81.4 million and a carrying value of $77.5 million. Pursuant to GAAP, this loan will be accounted for on a cash basis following the modification, meaning that interest income is recognized when received, until all principal and interest payments contractually due are reasonable assured of repayment and there is a consistent period of repayment by the borrower. The borrower of this loan has made subsequent interest payments and the loan remains current. During the fourth quarter of 2020, the Company entered into a loan modification secured by a hospitality asset located in San Diego, CA, which is classified as a TDR under GAAP. This modification included, among other items, a waiver of exit fees, a principal repayment, a reduction of contractual interest payments and an extension of the loan’s maturity date. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the loan had an outstanding principal balance of $97.5 million and carrying values of $97.3 million, respectively. Following the modification, the Company recorded a decrease in contractual exit fees amortized to income of approximately $0.8 million which reduced the Company’s carrying value of the loan receivable. No loss reserve or impairment were determined to be necessary. Following the modification, this loan returned to accrual status as the borrower funded interest reserves which demonstrated compliance with the restructured terms. Loan Risk Ratings As further described in Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, the Company evaluates the credit quality of its loan portfolio on a quarterly basis. In conjunction with its quarterly loan portfolio review, the Company assesses the risk factors of each loan, and assigns a risk rating based on several factors. Factors considered in the assessment include, but are not limited to, current loan-to-value, debt yield, structure, cash flow volatility, exit plan, current market environment and sponsorship level. Loans are rated “1” (less risk) through “5” (greater risk), which ratings are defined in Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. The following table allocates the principal balance and carrying value of the loans receivable and interests in loans receivable based on the Company’s internal risk ratings (dollars in thousands): September 30, 2021 Risk Rating Number of Loans Principal Balance Carrying Value 1 4 $ 185,367 $ 184,887 2 11 1,259,095 1,257,569 3 66 3,769,954 3,748,158 4 14 1,122,137 1,119,895 5 2 110,000 110,000 97 $ 6,446,553 $ 6,420,509 Allowance for loan losses (59,442 ) $ 6,361,067 December 31, 2020 Risk Rating Number of Loans Principal Balance Carrying Value 1 3 $ 68,372 $ 69,418 2 6 349,159 349,342 3 72 4,691,775 4,668,991 4 16 1,366,982 1,367,344 5 1 15,000 9,000 98 $ 6,491,288 $ 6,464,095 As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the average risk rating of the Company’s portfolio was 3.0 and 3.1, respectively, weighted by outstanding principal balance. At September 30, 2021, the Company had loans with an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $1.1 billion rated as category “4”, which represents 17.4% of the total portfolio. Of the loans rated as category “4”, 33.1% relate to loans secured by hospitality assets. The Company had two loans rated as category “5”, which represents 1.7% of the total portfolio. Current Expected Credit Losses The allowance for loan losses required under GAAP reflects the Company’s current estimate of potential credit losses related to loans receivable, interests in loans receivable, accrued interest receivable and unfunded loan commitments. See Note 2 for further discussion of the Company’s allowance for loan losses. At December 31, 2020, prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, the Company had recorded a $6.0 million provision for loan losses against a loan made to the personal estate of a former borrower, which had an outstanding principal balance and a carrying value of $15.0 million. The loan is on non-accrual status and is in maturity default. The amount of the loan loss provision as of December 31, 2020 is based on the difference between the net present value of the projected cash flows of the loan receivable and its amortized cost basis as of December 31, 2020. At September 30, 2021, the Company determined that the recovery of a senior loan with an outstanding principal balance of $95.0 million, and a maturity date of May 31, 2021 was collateral-dependent. Accordingly, this loan was assessed individually and the Company has elected to apply a practical expedient in accordance with ASU 2016-13. At September 30, 2021, the Company recorded an allowance for credit loss of $2.5 million on this loan based on the Company’s estimate of fair value of the loan’s underlying collateral and a guaranty from the borrower. During three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded net reversals of $9.3 million and $17.4 million in the allowance for credit losses, thus reducing the total allowance for loan losses to $66.8 million as of September 30, 2021. The decline was primarily attributable to expectations of improving macroeconomic conditions and actual improvements in operating results for many collateral properties adversely affected by COVID-19, as well as principal repayments on loans with allowances for credit losses and changes in unfunded commitments. The following table illustrates the quarterly changes in the allowance for loan losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (dollars in thousands): Specific CECL Allowance (1) Loans receivable held-for-investment Interests in loans receivable held-for-investment Accrued interest receivable Unfunded loan commitments (2) Total Total allowance for loan losses, December 31, 2020 $ 6,000 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 6,000 Initial CECL allowance, January 1, 2021 - 64,274 406 357 13,214 78,251 Increase (reversal) in allowance - 1,547 (141 ) (14 ) (1,577 ) (185 ) Total allowance for loan losses, March 31, 2021 $ 6,000 $ 65,821 $ 265 $ 343 $ 11,637 $ 84,066 Increase (reversal) in allowance 500 (3,954 ) 270 (33 ) (4,705 ) (7,922 ) Total allowance for loan losses, June 30, 2021 $ 6,500 $ 61,867 $ 535 $ 310 $ 6,932 $ 76,144 Increase (reversal) in allowance 2,000 (11,154 ) (306 ) (64 ) 218 (9,306 ) Total allowance for loan losses, September 30, 2021 $ 8,500 $ 50,713 $ 229 $ 246 $ 7,150 $ 66,838 Percent of Unpaid Principal Balance at September 30, 2021 1.0 % (1) As of December 31, 2020, amounts represent specific loan loss provisions recorded on assets before the adoption of ASU 2016-13. After the adoption of ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2021, amounts represent Specific CECL allowance. (2) The CECL allowance for unfunded commitments is included in accounts payable and accrued expenses on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s primary credit quality indicator is the Company’s internal risk ratings, which are further discussed above. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of the Company’s loans receivable and interest in loans receivable as of September 30, 2021 by year of origination and risk rating (dollars in thousands): Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year as of September 30, 2021 Risk Rating Number of Loans Amortized Cost Basis 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 1 4 $ 184,887 $ - $ - $ 130,466 $ 36,614 $ - $ 17,807 2 11 1,257,569 - - 433,282 795,624 28,663 - 3 66 3,748,158 839,054 271,409 2,085,864 454,472 97,359 - 4 14 1,119,895 - - - 1,119,895 - - 5 2 110,000 - - 15,000 - 95,000 - 97 $ 6,420,509 $ 839,054 $ 271,409 $ 2,664,612 $ 2,406,605 $ 221,022 $ 17,807 |