Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses | 6 . LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES A summary of the loan portfolio is as follows: September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019 (In thousands) Real estate loans: Residential: One-to-four family $ 235,955 $ 244,711 Home equity loans and lines of credit 48,097 41,669 Commercial 141,862 125,405 Construction 32,064 35,485 457,978 447,270 Commercial and industrial 20,388 9,093 Consumer 11,696 15,641 Total loans 490,062 472,004 Allowance for loan losses (6,597 ) (4,280 ) Net deferred loan costs and fees, and purchase premiums 1,083 1,407 $ 484,548 $ 469,131 The following table s present activity in the allowance for loan losses by loan category for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 , and allocation of the allowance to each category as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 : Residential 1-4 Family Second Mortgages and HELOC Commercial Real Estate Construction Commercial and Industrial Consumer Total (In thousands) Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 Allowance at June 30, 2020 $ 1,553 $ 378 $ 2,766 $ 897 $ 319 $ 146 $ 6,059 Provision (credit) for loan losses 30 77 589 (90 ) (75 ) 15 546 Loans charged-off — (3 ) — — — (8 ) (11 ) Recoveries — — — — 2 1 3 Balance at September 30, 2020 $ 1,583 $ 452 $ 3,355 $ 807 $ 246 $ 154 $ 6,597 Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 Allowance at June 30, 2019 $ 1,018 $ 297 $ 1,625 $ 755 $ 264 $ 195 $ 4,154 Provision (credit) for loan losses 43 (6 ) 22 (30 ) 6 (35 ) — Loans charged-off — — — — — (3 ) (3 ) Recoveries 2 — — — — - 2 Balance at September 30, 2019 $ 1,063 $ 291 $ 1,647 $ 725 $ 270 $ 157 $ 4,153 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Allowance at December 31, 2019 $ 1,096 $ 289 $ 1,840 $ 692 $ 235 $ 128 $ 4,280 Provision for loan losses 480 166 1,515 115 9 53 2,338 Loans charged-off — (3 ) — — — (37 ) (40 ) Recoveries 7 — — — 2 10 19 Balance at September 30, 2020 $ 1,583 $ 452 $ 3,355 $ 807 $ 246 $ 154 $ 6,597 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 Allowance at December 31, 2018 $ 1,092 $ 292 $ 1,648 $ 765 $ 265 $ 375 $ 4,437 Provision (credit) for loan losses (52 ) (1 ) (1 ) (40 ) 5 (55 ) (144 ) Loans charged-off — — — — — (171 ) (171 ) Recoveries 23 — — — — 8 31 Balance at September 30, 2019 $ 1,063 $ 291 $ 1,647 $ 725 $ 270 $ 157 $ 4,153 Additional information pertaining to the allowance for loan losses at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 is as follows: Residential 1-4 Family Second Mortgages and HELOC Commercial Real Estate Construction Commercial and Industrial Consumer Total September 30, 2020 (In thousands) Allowance for impaired loans $ 79 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 79 Allowance for non-impaired loans 1,504 452 3,355 807 246 154 6,518 Total allowance for loan losses $ 1,583 $ 452 $ 3,355 $ 807 $ 246 $ 154 $ 6,597 Impaired loans $ 4,581 $ 607 $ 7,028 $ — $ 33 $ — $ 12,249 Non-impaired loans 231,374 47,490 134,834 32,064 20,355 11,696 477,813 Total loans $ 235,955 $ 48,097 $ 141,862 $ 32,064 $ 20,388 $ 11,696 $ 490,062 December 31, 2019 Allowance for impaired loans $ 116 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 116 Allowance for non-impaired loans 980 289 1,840 692 235 128 4,164 Total allowance for loan losses $ 1,096 $ 289 $ 1,840 $ 692 $ 235 $ 128 $ 4,280 Impaired loans $ 5,640 $ 407 $ 46 $ — $ — $ — $ 6,093 Non-impaired loans 239,071 41,262 125,359 35,485 9,093 15,641 465,911 Total loans $ 244,711 $ 41,669 $ 125,405 $ 35,485 $ 9,093 $ 15,641 $ 472,004 As described in Note 3 – “Global Pandemic Affecting Randolph Bancorp, Inc. in 2020,” the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the Company’s operations in the first nine months of 2020. This pandemic has severely disrupted normal economic activity in the communities the Company serves along with the rest of the nation. It is impossible to know the full extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the continued effects it may have on the Company’s operations. Management has determined a separate element of the allowance to represent the estimate of probable incurred losses associated with the impact of the pandemic events on the Company’s loan portfolios. This estimate is judgmental and subject to changes as conditions evolve. This qualitative element of the allowance was determined based on the impact the pandemic has had on current employment levels, economic activity in the Company’s geographic regions, and the time it could take for the affected regions to return to a more normalized operating environment. The following is a summary of past due and non-accrual loans at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019: 30 - 59 Days Past Due 60 - 89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due Total Past Due Non-accrual Loans (In thousands) September 30, 2020 Residential one-to-four family $ 267 $ 246 $ 582 $ 1,095 $ 2,215 Home equity loans and lines of credit — 66 — 66 582 Commercial real estate — — — — 6,986 Construction — — — — — Commercial and industrial — — — — 33 Consumer — — — — — Total $ 267 $ 312 $ 582 $ 1,161 $ 9,816 December 31, 2019 Residential one-to-four family $ 215 $ 587 $ — $ 802 $ 2,922 Home equity loans and lines of credit 188 244 — 432 336 Commercial real estate — — — — — Construction — — — — — Commercial and industrial — — — — — Consumer 76 11 — 87 — Total $ 479 $ 842 $ — $ 1,321 $ 3,258 The following is a summary of impaired loans at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019: Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance (In thousands) September 30, 2020 Impaired loans without a valuation allowance: Residential one-to-four family $ 3,636 $ 3,660 Home equity loans and lines of credit 607 607 Commercial real estate 7,028 7,028 Commercial and industrial 33 33 Total 11,304 11,328 Impaired loans with a valuation allowance: Residential one-to-four family 945 959 $ 79 945 959 79 Total impaired loans $ 12,249 $ 12,287 $ 79 December 31, 2019 Impaired loans without a valuation allowance: Residential one-to-four family $ 3,322 $ 3,322 Home equity loans and lines of credit 407 407 Commercial real estate 46 46 Total 3,775 3,775 Impaired loans with a valuation allowance: Residential one-to-four family 2,318 2,318 $ 116 Total 2,318 2,318 116 Total impaired loans $ 6,093 $ 6,093 $ 116 Additional information pertaining to impaired loans follows: Average Interest Cash Basis Recorded Income Interest Investment Recognized Recognized (In thousands) Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 Residential one-to-four family $ 4,630 $ 144 $ 61 Home equity loans and lines of credit 607 25 — Commercial real estate 7,028 — — Consumer 33 — — Total $ 12,298 $ 169 $ 61 Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 Residential one-to-four family $ 5,497 $ 49 $ 12 Home equity loans and lines of credit 369 1 — Commercial real estate 84 2 — Consumer 33 — — Total $ 5,983 $ 52 $ 12 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Residential one-to-four family $ 4,563 $ 277 $ 131 Home equity loans and lines of credit 559 27 — Commercial real estate 4,713 — — Consumer 15 — — Total $ 9,850 $ 304 $ 131 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 Residential one-to-four family $ 5,586 $ 175 $ 63 Home equity loans and lines of credit 414 10 10 Commercial real estate 153 4 — Consumer 43 1 — Total $ 6,196 $ 190 $ 73 Troubled Debt Restructurings The Company periodically grants concessions to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. The Company’s troubled debt restructurings consist primarily of interest rate concessions for periods of three months to thirty years for residential real estate loans, and for periods up to one year for commercial real estate loans. At September 30, 2020, the Company had sixteen residential real estate loans, one consumer loan and one commercial real estate loan aggregating $2,780,000, $ 4 9 At September 30, 2019, the Company had nineteen residential real estate loans and one commercial real estate loan aggregating $ As of September 30, 2020 and 2019, $ For the nine months ended Septe m i n S p Management performs a discounted cash flow calculation to determine the amount of valuation reserve required on each of the troubled debt restructurings. Any reserve required is recorded as part of the allowance for loan losses. D u ring the t h ree a n d nine mo n t h s ended September 3 0 , 2020 and 2 0 1 9 , t h ere were no material c h a ng e s to t h e all o w a n ce fo r l o an l o sses a s a re s u lt o f l o an m o dificati o n s made w h ich w ere c ons i d er e d a tr ou b led d e bt rest ru cturing. No additional funds are committed to be advanced in connection with trouble debt restructurings. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, there were no troubled debt restructurings that defaulted (over 30 days past due) within twelve months of the restructure date. At September 30, 2020, there were two residential real estate troubled debt restructurings that were granted payment deferral plans. One loan, totaling $300,000, was performing in accordance with its modified terms and is currently in repayment, and one loan, for $196,000, was not performing in accordance with its modified terms and is currently still in payment suspension. Credit Quality Information The Company utilizes an eight-grade internal loan rating system for commercial real estate, construction and commercial and industrial loans, as follows: Loans rated 1 – 3B are considered “pass” rated loans with low to average risk. Loans rated 4 are considered “special mention.” These loans are starting to show signs of potential weakness and are being closely monitored by management. Loans rated 5 are considered “substandard” and are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligors and/or the collateral pledged. There is a distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the weakness is not corrected. Loans rated 6 are considered “doubtful” and have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, highly questionable and improbable. Loans rated 7 are considered uncollectible (“loss”) and of such little value that their continuance as loans is not warranted. On an annual basis, or more often if needed, the Company formally reviews the ratings on all commercial real estate, construction and commercial and industrial loans. Annually, the Company engages an independent third party to review a significant portion of loans within these segments. Management uses the results of these reviews as part of its annual review process. The following table presents the Company’s loans by risk rating at the dates indicated: September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019 Commercial Real Construction Commercial and Industrial Commercial Real Construction Commercial and Industrial (In thousands) Loans rated 1 - 3B (Pass rated) $ 127,298 $ 32,064 $ 19,903 $ 121,703 $ 35,485 $ 8,134 Loans rated 4 6,107 — 452 3,702 — 206 Loans rated 5 8,457 — 33 — — 753 $ 141,862 $ 32,064 $ 20,388 $ 125,405 $ 35,485 $ 9,093 Residential mortgages, home equity loans and lines of credit, and consumer loans are monitored for credit quality based primarily on their payment status. When one of these loans becomes more than 90 days delinquent, it is assigned an internal loan rating. At September 30, 2020, $ $ d n g g t ub n $ d n g a g e i h o e u e e n |