Investments | Investments Available-for-sale investments The following tables summarize the available-for-sale investments at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 : June 30, 2018 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Holding Gains Gross Unrealized Holding Losses Estimated Fair Value (in thousands) Fixed maturities: U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies $ 608 $ 2 $ (3 ) $ 607 Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions 155,799 1,672 (1,870 ) 155,601 Corporate and other securities 85,672 221 (885 ) 85,008 Asset-backed securities 125,030 119 (1,101 ) 124,048 Residential mortgage-backed securities 105,309 384 (3,035 ) 102,658 Total available-for-sale investments $ 472,418 $ 2,398 $ (6,894 ) $ 467,922 December 31, 2017 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Holding Gains Gross Unrealized Holding Losses Estimated Fair Value (in thousands) Fixed maturities: U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies $ 9,108 $ 4 $ (14 ) $ 9,098 Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions 161,012 3,726 (412 ) 164,326 Corporate and other securities 71,224 579 (172 ) 71,631 Asset-backed securities 95,223 405 (268 ) 95,360 Residential mortgage-backed securities 85,688 466 (1,378 ) 84,776 Total fixed-maturity securities 422,255 5,180 (2,244 ) 425,191 Equity securities: Exchange traded funds 26,041 8,339 — 34,380 Nonredeemable preferred stock 19,875 108 (231 ) 19,752 Total equity securities 45,916 8,447 (231 ) 54,132 Total available-for-sale investments $ 468,171 $ 13,627 $ (2,475 ) $ 479,323 Available-for-sale securities in a loss position The Company regularly reviews all available-for-sale securities with unrealized losses to assess whether the decline in the securities’ fair value is deemed to be an other-than-temporary impairment ("OTTI"). The Company considers a number of factors in completing its OTTI review, including the length of time and the extent to which fair value has been below cost and the financial condition of an issuer. In addition to specific issuer information, the Company also evaluates the current market and interest rate environment. Generally, a change in a security’s value caused by a change in the market or interest rate environment does not constitute an OTTI, but rather a temporary decline in fair value. For fixed maturities, the Company considers whether it intends to sell the security or if it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery, the credit quality of the issuer and the ability to recover all amounts outstanding when contractually due. When assessing whether it intends to sell a fixed-maturity security or if it is likely to be required to sell a fixed-maturity security before recovery of its amortized cost, the Company evaluates facts and circumstances including, but not limited to, decisions to reposition the investment portfolio, potential sales of investments to meet cash flow needs and potential sales of investments to capitalize on favorable pricing. For equity securities prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-01, the Company considered the near-term prospects of an issuer and its ability and intent to hold the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for anticipated recovery. For fixed maturities where a decline in fair value is considered to be other-than-temporary and the Company intends to sell the security, or it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost, an impairment is recognized in net income based on the fair value of the security at the time of assessment, resulting in a new cost basis for the security. If the decline in fair value of a fixed-maturity security below its amortized cost is considered to be other-than-temporary based upon other considerations, the Company compares the estimated present value of the cash flows expected to be collected to the amortized cost of the security. The extent to which the estimated present value of the cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost of the security represents the credit-related portion of the OTTI, which is recognized in net income, resulting in a new cost basis for the security. Any remaining decline in fair value represents the noncredit portion of the OTTI, which is recognized in other comprehensive income. For equity securities prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-01, a decline in fair value that was considered to be other-than-temporary was recognized in net income based on the fair value of the security at the time of assessment, resulting in a new cost basis for the security. The following tables summarize gross unrealized losses and fair value for available-for-sale securities by length of time that the securities have continuously been in an unrealized loss position: June 30, 2018 Less than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Total Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Holding Losses Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Holding Losses Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Holding Losses (in thousands) Fixed maturities: U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies $ — $ — $ 495 $ (3 ) $ 495 $ (3 ) Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions 57,877 (742 ) 34,451 (1,128 ) 92,328 (1,870 ) Corporate and other securities 64,209 (763 ) 7,382 (122 ) 71,591 (885 ) Asset-backed securities 73,520 (823 ) 9,511 (278 ) 83,031 (1,101 ) Residential mortgage-backed securities 22,523 (362 ) 52,224 (2,673 ) 74,747 (3,035 ) Total fixed-maturity securities $ 218,129 $ (2,690 ) $ 104,063 $ (4,204 ) $ 322,192 $ (6,894 ) At June 30, 2018 , the Company held 324 fixed-maturity securities in an unrealized loss position with a total estimated fair value of $322.2 million and gross unrealized losses of $6.9 million . Of these securities, 122 were in a continuous unrealized loss position for greater than one year. As discussed above, the Company regularly reviews all fixed-maturity securities within its investment portfolio to determine whether any impairment has occurred. Unrealized losses were caused by interest rate changes or other market factors and were not credit-specific issues. At June 30, 2018 , 89.5% of the Company’s fixed-maturity securities were rated "A-" or better and all of the Company’s fixed-maturity securities made expected coupon payments under the contractual terms of the securities. Management concluded that there were no other-than-temporary impairments from fixed-maturity securities with unrealized losses for the six months ended June 30, 2018 . December 31, 2017 Less than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Total Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Holding Losses Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Holding Losses Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Holding Losses (in thousands) Fixed maturities: U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies $ 3,497 $ (2 ) $ 5,488 $ (12 ) $ 8,985 $ (14 ) Obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions 7,258 (36 ) 38,143 (376 ) 45,401 (412 ) Corporate and other securities 30,944 (98 ) 13,444 (74 ) 44,388 (172 ) Asset-backed securities 27,609 (108 ) 10,706 (160 ) 38,315 (268 ) Residential mortgage-backed securities 9,081 (83 ) 57,262 (1,295 ) 66,343 (1,378 ) Total fixed-maturity securities 78,389 (327 ) 125,043 (1,917 ) 203,432 (2,244 ) Equity securities: Exchange traded funds 130 — — — 130 — Nonredeemable preferred stocks 10,649 (231 ) — — 10,649 (231 ) Total equity securities 10,779 (231 ) — — 10,779 (231 ) Total investments available for sale $ 89,168 $ (558 ) $ 125,043 $ (1,917 ) $ 214,211 $ (2,475 ) At December 31, 2017 , the Company held 195 fixed-maturity securities in an unrealized loss position with a total estimated fair value of $203.4 million and gross unrealized losses of $2.2 million . Of those securities, 126 were in a continuous unrealized loss position for greater than one year. Unrealized losses were caused by interest rate changes or other market factors and were not credit-specific issues. At December 31, 2017 , 91.1% of the Company’s fixed-maturity securities were rated "A-" or better and all of the Company’s fixed-maturity securities made expected coupon payments under the contractual terms of the securities. At December 31, 2017 , the Company held 13 securities in its equity portfolio with a total estimated fair value of $10.8 million and gross unrealized losses of $0.2 million . None of these securities were in a continuous unrealized loss position for greater than one year. Based on its review, the Company concluded that were no other-than-temporary impairments from fixed-maturity or equity securities with unrealized losses for the year ended December 31, 2017 . Contractual maturities of available-for-sale fixed-maturity securities The amortized cost and estimated fair value of available-for-sale fixed-maturity securities at June 30, 2018 are summarized, by contractual maturity, as follows: June 30, 2018 Amortized Estimated Cost Fair Value (in thousands) Due in one year or less $ 24,944 $ 24,857 Due after one year through five years 49,867 49,735 Due after five years through ten years 39,180 39,529 Due after ten years 128,088 127,095 Asset-backed securities 125,030 124,048 Residential mortgage-backed securities 105,309 102,658 Total fixed maturities $ 472,418 $ 467,922 Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties, and the lenders may have the right to put the securities back to the borrower. Net investment income The following table presents the components of net investment income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 : Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 2017 2018 2017 (in thousands) Interest: Taxable bonds $ 2,239 $ 1,508 $ 4,000 $ 3,045 Tax exempt municipal bonds 1,083 818 2,168 1,612 Cash equivalents and short-term investments 217 167 477 254 Dividends on equity securities 512 185 924 295 Gross investment income 4,051 2,678 7,569 5,206 Investment expenses (269 ) (246 ) (558 ) (488 ) Net investment income $ 3,782 $ 2,432 $ 7,011 $ 4,718 Realized investment gains and losses The following table presents realized investment gains and losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 : Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 2017 2018 2017 (in thousands) Fixed-maturity securities: Realized gains $ 189 $ 24 $ 244 $ 24 Realized losses (4 ) — (4 ) (32 ) Net realized gains (losses) fixed-maturity securities 185 24 240 (8 ) Equity securities: Realized gains — — 57 — Realized losses (11 ) — (11 ) — Net realized gains (losses) equity securities (11 ) — 46 — Net realized investment gains (losses) $ 174 $ 24 $ 286 $ (8 ) Change in net unrealized gains (losses) on investments For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 , the changes in net unrealized losses for fixed-maturity securities were $1.3 million and $7.4 million , respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 , the changes in net unrealized gains for fixed-maturity securities were $2.8 million and $3.5 million and the change in net unrealized gains for equity securities was $0.6 million and $1.5 million , respectively. Insurance – statutory deposits The Company had invested assets with a carrying value of $6.9 million and $7.1 million on deposit with state regulatory authorities at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively. Payable for investments purchased The Company recorded a payable for investments purchased, not yet settled, of $7.7 million at June 30, 2018 and $1.0 million at December 31, 2017 . The payable balances were included in the "other liabilities" line item of the balance sheet and treated as non-cash transactions for purposes of cash flow presentation. |