Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 3 Months Ended |
Mar. 31, 2019 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared using generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Regulation S-X. Accordingly, these financial statements do not include all information or notes required by generally accepted accounting principles for annual financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the annual financial statements included in the Company's 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “Annual Report”). The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes present the consolidated financial position, results of operations, cash flows, and equity of the Company as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. The interim data includes all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim period. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations expected for the entire fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. |
Principles of Consolidation | Principles of Consolidation The condensed consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of the Company its wholly owned subsidiaries, and its subsidiaries that it controls due to ownership of a majority voting interest. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date of acquisition, being the date on which the Company obtains control, and continue to be consolidated until the date when such control ceases. The financial statements of the subsidiaries are prepared for the same reporting period as the Company. All significant intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated upon consolidation. |
Business Combinations | Business Combinations The Company accounts for business combinations under the acquisition method of accounting. Under this method, acquired assets, including separately identifiable intangible assets, and any assumed liabilities are recorded at their acquisition date estimated fair value. The excess of purchase price over the fair value amounts assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed represents the goodwill amount resulting from the acquisition. Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. |
Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. We regularly evaluate estimates and judgments based on historical experience and other relevant facts and circumstances. Significant estimates included in these financial statements primarily relate to allowance for doubtful accounts, allowance for inventory obsolescence, estimated useful lives and valuation of property and equipment and intangibles, impairment assessments of goodwill and other intangibles, Level 2 inputs used in fair value estimation of term loans, accounting for business combination, and the assumptions used in our Black-Scholes and Monte Carlo option pricing models associated with the valuation of share-based compensation. Actual results could differ from those estimates. |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash equivalents are highly liquid investments with an original maturity at the date of acquisition of three months or less. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on deposit with domestic banks and, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. |
Restricted Cash | Restricted Cash Cash and cash equivalents that are restricted as to withdrawal or use under the terms of certain contractual agreements are recorded in restricted cash in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The restricted cash in our condensed consolidated balance sheet represents cash transferred into a trust account to support our workers’ compensation obligations. The following table provides a reconciliation of the amount of cash and cash equivalents reported on the condensed consolidated balance sheets to the total of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash shown on the consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands) March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Cash and cash equivalents $ 19,395 $ 29,529 Restricted cash 509 507 Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 19,904 $ 30,036 |
Inventory | Inventory Inventory consists of proppant, chemicals, and other consumable materials and supplies used in our high-pressure hydraulic fracturing operations. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined principally on a first-in-first-out cost basis. All inventories are purchased and used by the Company in the delivery of its services with no inventory being sold separately to outside parties. Inventory quantities on hand are reviewed regularly and write-downs for obsolete inventory are recorded based on our forecast of the inventory item demand in the near future. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had inventory reserves of $0.6 million for obsolete and slow-moving inventory. On certain contracts with our proppant vendors, we take ownership of proppant as it leaves the sand mines. These in transit inventories are recognized as part of Inventory in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, in transit inventories were nil and $0.3 million, respectively. |
Property and Equipment | Property and Equipment Property and equipment are carried at cost, with depreciation provided on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Expenditures for renewals and betterments that extend the lives of the assets are capitalized. Amounts spent for maintenance and repairs, which do not improve or extend the life of the related asset, are charged to expense as incurred. |
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets | Impairment of Long-lived Assets Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment and amortizable identifiable intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. When making this assessment, the following factors are considered: current operating results, trends and prospects, as well as the effects of obsolescence, demand, competition and other economic factors. We determine recoverability by evaluating whether the undiscounted estimated future net cash flows of the asset or asset group are less than its carrying value. When impairment is indicated, we proceed to Step 2 of the impairment test and measure the impairment as the amount by which the assets carrying value exceeds its fair value. Management considers a number of factors such as estimated future cash flows, appraisals and current market value analysis in determining fair value. Assets are written down to fair value if the concluded current fair value is below the net carrying value. |
Goodwill | Goodwill Goodwill is not amortized, but is reviewed for impairment annually, or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Judgements regarding indicators of potential impairment are based on market conditions and operational performance of the business. As of December 31, or as required, the Company performs an impairment analysis of goodwill. The Company may assess its goodwill for impairment initially using a qualitative approach (“step zero”) to determine whether conditions exist that indicate it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s carrying value is greater than its fair value, and if such conditions are identified, then a quantitative analysis will be performed to determine if there is any impairment. The Company may also elect to initially perform a quantitative analysis instead of starting with step zero. The quantitative assessment for goodwill is a two-step assessment. “Step one” requires comparing the carrying value of a reporting unit, including goodwill, to its fair value, which the Company estimates using the income approach. The income approach uses a discounted cash flow model, which involves significant estimates and assumptions, including preparation of revenue and profitability growth forecasts, selection of a discount rate, and selection of a terminal year multiple. If the fair value of the respective reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill is not considered to be impaired and no further testing is required. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step of the goodwill impairment test is to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any. “Step two” compares the implied fair value of goodwill to the carrying amount of goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined by a hypothetical purchase price allocation using the reporting unit’s fair value as the purchase price. If the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds the implied fair value, an impairment charge is recorded to write down goodwill to its implied fair value. |
Deferred Financing Costs | Deferred Financing Costs Costs incurred to obtain financing are capitalized and amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the contractual term of the debt. At the balance sheet date, deferred financing costs related to the term loans are presented as a direct deduction from the debt liability, while deferred financing costs related to the revolver facility are presented as deferred financing costs, net, on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments | Fair Value of Financial Instruments Fair value is defined under Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 820, Fair Value Measurement Level 1–inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2–inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 3–inputs are unobservable for the asset or liability. The following is a summary of the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of our financial instruments as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018: Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities. These carrying amounts approximate fair value because of the short maturity of the instruments or because the carrying value is equal to the fair value of those instruments on the balance sheet dates. Second Lien Term Loan . The carrying value of the Second Lien Term Loan approximates fair value as its terms are consistent with and comparable to current market rates as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. |
Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted a comprehensive new revenue recognition standard, ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Under the new standard, revenue recognition is based on the customer’s ability to benefit from the services rendered in an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange for those services. Taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and therefore excluded from revenues in the Company’s financial statements. The Company’s revenues consist of providing hydraulic fracturing services for either a pre-determined term or number of stages/wells to exploration and production (E&P) companies operating in the onshore oil and natural gas basins of the United States. Revenues are earned as services are rendered, which is generally on a per stage or fixed monthly rate basis. Customers are invoiced according to contract terms either upon the completion of a stage, the completion of a well or monthly with payment due typically 30 days from invoice date. Hydraulic fracturing is a well-stimulation technique intended to optimize hydrocarbon flow paths during the completion phase of wellbores. The process involves the injection of water, sand and chemicals under high pressure into shale formations. The Company’s performance obligations are satisfied over time, typically measured in number of stages completed or the number of pumping days a fleet is available to pump for a customer in a month. A field ticket is created for each stage completed that records all services performed, including any chemicals and proppant consumed in completing the stage. The field ticket is signed by a customer representative and evidences the amounts to which the Company has a right to invoice and thus to recognize as revenue. All revenue is recognized when a contract with a customer exists, collectability of amounts subject to invoice is probable, the performance obligations under the contract have been satisfied over time, and the amount to which the Company has the right to invoice has been determined. Contract fulfillment costs, such as mobilization costs and shipping and handling costs, are expensed as incurred and are recorded in cost of services in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. A portion of the Company’s contracts contain variable consideration; however, this variable consideration is typically unknown at the time of contract inception, and is not known until the job is complete, at which time the variability is resolved. Examples of variable consideration include the amount of consumables (such as chemicals and proppants) that will be used to complete a job. The Company has elected to use the “as invoiced” practical expedient to recognize revenue based upon the amount it has a right to invoice upon the completion of each performance obligation per the terms of the contract. The practical expedient permits an entity to recognize revenue in the amount to which it has a right to invoice the customer if that amount corresponds directly with the value to the customer of the entity’s performance completed to date. The Company believes that this is an accurate reflection of the value transferred to the customer as each incremental obligation is performed. The Company has elected to expense sales commissions paid upon the successful signing of a new customer contract as incurred if the related contract will be fully satisfied within one year. For contracts that will not be fully satisfied within one year, these incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer will be recognized as a contract asset and amortized on a straight-line basis over the life of the contract. |
Accounts Receivable | Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable are recorded at their outstanding balances adjusted for an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is determined by analyzing the payment history and credit worthiness of each debtor. Receivable balances are charged off when they are considered uncollectible by management. Recoveries of receivables previously charged off are recorded as income when received. The Company held a reserve for doubtful accounts amounting to $0.2 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. |
Major Customer and Concentration of Credit Risk | Major Customer and Concentration of Credit Risk The concentration of our customers in the oil and natural gas industry may impact our overall exposure to credit risk, either positively or negatively, in that customers may be similarly affected by changes in economic and industry conditions. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and do not generally require collateral in support of our trade receivables. The following table shows the percentage of revenues from our significant customers for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Customer A 15.5% 29.0% Customer B * 21.2% Customer C 12.0% 12.6% Customer D 20.0% 12.6% Customer E 10.9% * Customer F 10.2% * An asterisk indicates that revenue is less than ten percent. The following table shows the percentage of trade receivables from our significant customers as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018: March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Customer A 11.4% 18.4% Customer B * 17.7% Customer C * 10.8% Customer D 22.4% 26.1% Customer E 14.7% * Customer F * 13.0% Customer G 11.6% * An asterisk indicates that trade receivable is less than ten percent. |
Share-Based Compensation | Share-Based Compensation The Company measures share-based compensation costs at the award’s fair value on the grant date. Employee share-based compensation is recognized as an expense over the requisite service period which is typically the period over which the award vests, or upon the occurrence of certain vesting events. Forfeitures are recognized as they occur. Non-employee share-based compensation is recognized over the period in which the related services are rendered. |
Income Taxes | Income Taxes Prior to the completion of the Transaction, the Company was a limited liability company and was treated as a partnership for federal and certain state income tax purposes. As such, the results of operations were allocated to the members for inclusion in their income tax returns and therefore no provision or benefit for federal or certain state income taxes was included in our financial statements prior to the completion of the Transaction. The Company under ASC 740 uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences of (i) temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of existing assets and liabilities and (ii) operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are based on enacted tax rates applicable to the future period when those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period the rate change is enacted. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not the deferred tax assets will not be realized. ASC 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. No amounts were accrued for the payment of interest and penalties at March 31, 2019. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position. The Company is subject to income tax examinations by major taxing authorities since inception. |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements | Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (the “Securities Act”), as modified by the Jumpstart our Business Startups Act of 2012, (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used. In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-1, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business, which clarifies the definition of a business to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The new guidance will be effective for emerging growth companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company adopted the guidance as of January 1, 2019 and did not experience any impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements. In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 704): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting the new guidance on the consolidated financial statements In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) modified retrospective with applied transition method upon adoption of the standard. Under this adoption method, all leases that are in effect and in existence as of, and subsequent to transition date will be applied as of the transition date, with a cumulative impact to retained earnings in that period. Prior period financial statements would be stated under the old guidance ASC 840 with no change to prior periods or disclosures associated with prior period. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment |