| Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 1. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies On October 31, 2016, Adient plc ("Adient") became an independent company as a result of the separation of the automotive seating and interiors business (the "separation") from Johnson Controls International plc ("the former Parent"). Adient was incorporated under the laws of Ireland in fiscal 2016 for the purpose of holding these businesses. Adient's ordinary shares began trading "regular-way" under the ticker symbol "ADNT" on the New York Stock Exchange on October 31, 2016. Upon becoming an independent company, the capital structure of Adient consisted of 500 million authorized ordinary shares and 100 million authorized preferred shares (par value of $0.001 per ordinary and preferred share). The number of Adient ordinary shares issued on October 31, 2016 was 93,671,810 . Adient is a global leader in the automotive seating supplier industry. Adient has a leading market position in the Americas, Europe and China, and has longstanding relationships with the largest global original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, in the automotive space. Adient's proprietary technologies extend into virtually every area of automotive seating solutions, including complete seating systems, frames, mechanisms, foam, head restraints, armrests, trim covers and fabrics. Adient is an independent seat supplier with global scale and the capability to design, develop, engineer, manufacture, and deliver complete seat systems and components in every major automotive producing region in the world. Adient also participates in the automotive interiors market primarily through its global automotive interiors joint venture in China, Yanfeng Global Automotive Interior Systems Co., Ltd., or YFAI. The separation was completed pursuant to various agreements with the former Parent related to the separation. These agreements govern the relationship between Adient and the former Parent following the separation and provided for the allocation of various assets, liabilities, rights and obligations. These agreements also include arrangements for transition services to be provided on a temporary basis by both parties. Basis of Presentation The financial statements for the period prior to October 31, 2016 was prepared on a stand-alone combined basis derived from the consolidated financial statements and accounting records of the former Parent as if Adient had been operating as a stand-alone company for all periods presented. These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"). The assets and liabilities in the financial statements have been reflected on a historical cost basis, as included in the consolidated statements of financial position of the former Parent. The statements of income include allocations for certain support functions that were provided on a centralized basis by the former Parent and subsequently recorded at the business unit level, such as expenses related to employee benefits, finance, human resources, risk management, information technology, facilities, and legal, among others. These expenses have been allocated to Adient on the basis of direct usage when identifiable, with the remainder allocated on a proportional basis of combined sales, headcount or other measures of Adient or the former Parent. Management believes the assumptions underlying the financial statements, including the assumptions regarding allocating general corporate expenses from the former Parent, are reasonable. Nevertheless, the financial statements for periods prior to the separation may not include all actual expenses that would have been incurred by Adient and may not reflect the results of operations, financial position and cash flows had it been a stand-alone company during the periods presented. Actual costs that would have been incurred if Adient had been a stand-alone company would depend on multiple factors, including organizational structure and strategic decisions made in various areas, including information technology and infrastructure. During fiscal 2018, Adient changed its reportable segments to Seating, Seat Structures and Mechanisms ("SS&M"), and Interiors. Adient also began using an adjusted EBITDA metric to assess the performance of its segments and ceased allocating certain corporate-related costs to its segments. As a result, the prior period presentation of reportable segments has been recast to conform to the current segment reporting structure. For periods prior to October 31, 2016, an allocation methodology was used to derive corporate-related costs not allocated to the segments to be consistent with current period presentation. Refer to Note 17 , " Segment Information " for additional information on Adient's reportable segments. Principles of Consolidations Adient consolidates its wholly-owned subsidiaries and those entities in which it has a controlling interest. Investments in partially-owned affiliates are accounted for by the equity method when Adient's interest exceeds 20% and does not have a controlling interest. The financial statements for periods prior to the separation include certain assets and liabilities that have historically been held at the former Parent but are specifically identifiable or otherwise attributable to Adient. All significant intercompany transactions and accounts within Adient's businesses have been eliminated. All intercompany transactions between Adient and the former Parent prior to the separation have been included in the consolidated financial statements as Parent's net investment. Expense related to corporate allocations from the former Parent to Adient are considered to be effectively settled for cash in the financial statements at the time the transaction is recorded. In addition, transactions between Adient and the former Parent's other businesses prior the separation have been classified as related party, rather than intercompany, in the financial statements. See Note 20 , " Related Party Transactions ," of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for further details. Prior to the separation, transfers of cash to and from the former Parent's cash management system were reflected as a component of Parent's net investment in the consolidated statements of financial position. For periods prior to the separation, the cash and cash equivalents held by the former Parent were not attributed to Adient, as legal ownership remained with the former Parent. Furthermore, the income tax expense and deferred taxes in the financial statements for periods prior to October 31, 2016 were prepared on a separate return basis derived from the consolidated financial statements and accounting records of the former Parent as if Adient had been operating as a stand-alone company for all periods presented. As a standalone entity, Adient files tax returns on its own behalf and its effective tax rate and deferred taxes may differ from those in historical periods. During the second quarter of fiscal 2018, Adient recorded expense of $8 million for an out of period adjustment, primarily impacting cost of goods sold, to correct a prior period error related to an unrecorded obligation. Adient has concluded that this adjustment was not material to previously reported financial statements nor to full year fiscal 2018 results. Consolidated VIEs Based upon the criteria set forth in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 810, "Consolidation," Adient has determined that it was the primary beneficiary in two variable interest entities (VIEs) for the reporting periods ended September 30 , 2018 and 2017, respectively, as Adient absorbs significant economics of the entities and has the power to direct the activities that are considered most significant to the entities. The two VIEs manufacture seating products in North America for the automotive industry. Adient funds the entities' short-term liquidity needs through revolving credit facilities and has the power to direct the activities that are considered most significant to the entities through its key customer supply relationships. The carrying amounts and classification of assets (none of which are restricted) and liabilities included in Adient's consolidated statements of financial position for the consolidated VIEs are as follows: September 30, (in millions) 2018 2017 Current assets $ 270 $ 232 Noncurrent assets 43 56 Total assets $ 313 $ 288 Current liabilities $ 252 $ 169 Total liabilities $ 252 $ 169 Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The consolidated financial statements reflect management's estimates as of the reporting date. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The fair values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, short-term debt and accounts payable approximate their carrying values. See Note 9 , " Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ," and Note 10 , " Fair Value Measurements ," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for fair value of financial instruments, including derivative instruments and hedging activities. Cash and Cash Equivalents Adient considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash is managed by legal entity, with cash pooling agreements in place for all participating entities on a global basis, as applicable. Prior to the separation, transfers of cash to and from the former Parent's cash management system are reflected as a component of Parent's net investment in the consolidated statements of financial position. Accordingly, the cash and cash equivalents held by the former Parent were not attributed to Adient for any of the years presented, as legal ownership remained with the former Parent. Restricted Cash At September 30, 2016, Adient recorded $2 billion of restricted cash within the consolidated statements of financial position. These funds represent the proceeds from a bond issuance that were placed directly into escrow and released to Adient subsequent to September 30, 2016 and therefore represent non-cash activity in fiscal 2016. The cash was used during fiscal 2017 in part, to fund a distribution to the former Parent. The $2 billion receipt of cash from escrow, along with the distribution to and other settlements with the former Parent during fiscal 2017, are reflected in net transfers from (to) parent prior to separation in the consolidated statement of cash flows. Refer to Note 8 , " Debt and Financing Arrangements ," of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for further information on the bond issuance. Receivables Receivables consist of amounts billed and currently due from customers and revenues that have been recognized for accounting purposes but not yet billed to customers. Adient extends credit to customers in the normal course of business and maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts resulting from the inability or unwillingness of customers to make required payments. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on historical experience, existing economic conditions and any specific customer collection issues Adient has identified. Adient enters into supply chain financing programs in certain foreign jurisdictions to sell accounts receivable without recourse to third-party financial institutions. Sales of accounts receivable are reflected as a reduction of accounts receivable on the consolidated statements of financial position and the proceeds are included in cash flows from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out ("FIFO") method. Finished goods and work-in-process inventories include material, labor and manufacturing overhead costs. Pre-Production Costs Related to Long-Term Supply Arrangements Adient's policy for engineering, research and development, and other design and development costs related to products that will be sold under long-term supply arrangements requires such costs to be expensed as incurred or capitalized if reimbursement from the customer is contractually assured. Income related to recovery of these costs is recorded within selling, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of income. At September 30, 2018 and 2017, Adient recorded within the consolidated statements of financial position $301 million and $343 million , respectively, of engineering and research and development costs for which customer reimbursement is contractually assured. The reimbursable costs are recorded in other current assets if reimbursement will occur in less than one year and in other noncurrent assets if reimbursement will occur beyond one year. At September 30, 2018, Adient had $132 million and $169 million of reimbursable costs recorded in current and noncurrent assets, respectively. At September 30, 2017, Adient had $175 million and $168 million of reimbursable costs recorded in current and noncurrent assets, respectively. Costs for molds, dies and other tools used to make products that will be sold under long-term supply arrangements are capitalized within property, plant and equipment if Adient has title to the assets or has the non-cancelable right to use the assets during the term of the supply arrangement. Capitalized items, if specifically designed for a supply arrangement, are amortized over the term of the arrangement; otherwise, amounts are amortized over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The carrying values of assets capitalized in accordance with the foregoing policy are periodically reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable. At September 30, 2018 and 2017, approximately $54 million and $82 million , respectively, of costs for molds, dies and other tools were capitalized within property, plant and equipment which represented assets to which Adient had title. In addition, at September 30, 2018, Adient recorded within the consolidated statements of financial position in other current and noncurrent assets $208 million and $17 million , respectively, of costs for molds, dies and other tools for which customer reimbursement is contractually assured. At September 30, 2017, Adient recorded within the consolidated statements of financial position in other current and noncurrent assets $257 million and $28 million , respectively, of costs for molds, dies and other tools for which customer reimbursement is contractually assured. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is provided over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets using the straight-line method for financial reporting purposes and accelerated methods for income tax purposes. The estimated useful lives range from 3 to 40 years for buildings and improvements and from 3 to 15 years for machinery and equipment. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Goodwill reflects the cost of an acquisition in excess of the fair values assigned to identifiable net assets acquired. Adient reviews goodwill for impairment during the fourth fiscal quarter or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate the asset might be impaired. Adient performs impairment reviews for its reporting units, which have been determined to be Adient's reportable segments using a fair value method based on management's judgments and assumptions or third party valuations. The fair value of a reporting unit refers to the price that would be received to sell the unit as a whole in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In estimating the fair value, Adient uses multiples of earnings based on the average of historical, published multiples of earnings of comparable entities with similar operations and economic characteristics. In certain instances, Adient uses discounted cash flow analyses or estimated sales price to further support the fair value estimates. The inputs utilized in the analyses are classified as Level 3 inputs within the fair value hierarchy as defined in ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurement." The estimated fair value is then compared with the carrying amount of the reporting unit, including recorded goodwill. An impairment is recorded to the extent the estimated fair value exceeds the carrying amount of the reporting unit. Intangible assets with definite lives continue to be amortized over their estimated useful lives and are subject to impairment testing if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Adient reviews long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment and other intangible assets with definite lives, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset's carrying amount may not be recoverable. Adient conducts its long-lived asset impairment analyses in accordance with ASC 360-10-15, "Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets." ASC 360-10-15 requires Adient to group assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities and evaluate the asset group against the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows. If the undiscounted cash flows do not indicate the carrying amount of the asset is recoverable, an impairment charge is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair value based on discounted cash flow analysis or appraisals. Refer to Note 15 , " Impairment of Long-Lived Assets ," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for information regarding the results of Adient's impairment analysis. Impairment of Investments in Partially-Owned Affiliates Adient monitors its investments in partially-owned affiliates for indicators of other-than-temporary declines in value on an ongoing basis. If Adient determines that an other-than-temporary decline in value has occurred, it recognizes an impairment loss, which is measured as the difference between the recorded book value and the fair value of the investment. Fair value is generally determined using an income approach based on discounted cash flows or negotiated transaction values. Refer to Note 18 , " Nonconsolidated Partially-Owned Affiliates ," for information regarding the results of Adient's impairment analysis. Revenue Recognition Adient records revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery occurs or services are rendered, the sales price or fee is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. Adient delivers products and records revenue pursuant to commercial agreements with its customers generally in the form of an approved purchase order, including the effects of contractual productivity based pricing. Adient negotiates discrete price changes with its customers, which are generally the result of unique commercial issues between Adient and its customers. Adient records amounts associated with discrete price changes as a reduction to revenue when specific facts and circumstances indicate that a price reduction is probable and the amounts are reasonably estimable. Adient records amounts associated with discrete price changes as an increase to revenue upon execution of a legally enforceable contractual agreement and when collectability is reasonable assured. Customers Essentially all of Adient's sales are to the automotive industry. Adient's most significant customers include Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. and Volkswagen Group which comprised 11% and 10% of consolidated net sales, respectively, in fiscal 2018, Volkswagen Group which comprised 11% of consolidated net sales in fiscal 2017 and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. and Ford Motor Company which comprised 12% and 11% of consolidated net sales, respectively, in fiscal 2016. Research and Development Costs Expenditures for research activities relating to product development and improvement (other than those expenditures that are contractually guaranteed for reimbursement from the customer) are charged against income as incurred and included within selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income. Such expenditures for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were $513 million , $488 million and $460 million , respectively. A portion of these costs associated with these activities are reimbursed by customers and, for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were $298 million , $350 million and $308 million , respectively. Foreign Currency Translation Substantially all of Adient's international operations use the respective local currency as the functional currency. Assets and liabilities of international entities have been translated at period-end exchange rates, and income and expenses have been translated using average exchange rates for the period. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in non-functional currencies are adjusted to reflect period-end exchange rates. The resulting translation adjustments are accumulated as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. The aggregate transaction gains (losses) included in net income for the years ended September 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were $(4) million , $1 million and $(40) million , respectively. Derivative Financial Instruments The fair values of all derivatives are recorded in the consolidated statements of financial position. The change in a derivative's fair value is recorded each period in current earnings or accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI), depending on whether the derivative is designated as part of a hedge transaction and if so, the type of hedge transaction. Refer to Note 9 , " Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ," and Note 10 , " Fair Value Measurements ," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for disclosure of Adient's derivative instruments and hedging activities. Stock-Based Compensation Stock-based compensation is initially measured at the fair value of the awards on the grant date and is recognized in the financial statements over the period the employees are required to provide services in exchange for the awards. The fair value of restricted stock awards is based on the number of units granted and the stock price on the grant date. The fair value of performance-based share unit, or PSU, awards is based on the stock price at the grant date and the assessed probability of meeting future performance targets. The fair value of option awards is measured on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The fair value of each stock appreciation right, or SAR, is estimated using a similar method described for stock options. The fair value of cash settled awards are recalculated at the end of each reporting period and the liability and expense are adjusted based on the new fair value. Refer to Note 11 , " Stock-Based Compensation ," of the notes to consolidated audited financial statements for Adient's stock based compensation disclosures. Pension and Postretirement Benefits Adient utilizes a mark-to-market approach for recognizing pension and postretirement benefit expenses, including measuring the market related value of plan assets at fair value and recognizing actuarial gains and losses in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or at the date of a remeasurement event. Refer to Note 13 , " Retirement Plans ," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for disclosure of Adient's pension and postretirement benefit plans. Income Taxes Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and other loss carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Adient records a valuation allowance that primarily represents operating and other loss carryforwards for which realization is uncertain. Management judgment is required in determining Adient's provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and the valuation allowance recorded against Adient's net deferred tax assets. Adient reviews the realizability of its deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that a review is required. In determining the requirement for a valuation allowance, the historical and projected financial results of the legal entity or combined group recording the net deferred tax asset are considered, along with any other positive or negative evidence. Since future financial results may differ from previous estimates, periodic adjustments to Adient's valuation allowances may be necessary. Adient is subject to income taxes in Ireland, the U.S. and other non-U.S. jurisdictions. Judgment is required in determining its worldwide provision for income taxes and recording the related assets and liabilities. In the ordinary course of Adient's business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. Adient's income tax returns for various fiscal years remain under audit by the respective tax authorities. Although the outcome of tax audits is always uncertain, management believes that it has appropriate support for the positions taken on its tax returns and that its annual tax provisions included amounts sufficient to pay assessments, if any, which may be proposed by the taxing authorities. Nonetheless, the amounts ultimately paid, if any, upon resolution of the issues raised by the taxing authorities may differ materially from the amounts accrued for each year. Adient does not generally provide for additional income taxes which would become payable upon repatriation of undistributed earnings of wholly owned foreign subsidiaries. Adient's intent is for such earnings to be reinvested by the subsidiaries or to be repatriated only when it would be tax efficient. On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Act") was signed and enacted into law, and is effective for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2018, with the exception of certain provisions. The Act includes a provision to tax global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI") of foreign subsidiaries, which will be effective for Adient beginning in fiscal year 2019. Adient has made a policy election to treat taxes due under the GILTI provision as a current period expense in the reporting period in which the tax is incurred. Refer to Note 16 , " Income Taxes ," of the notes to consolidated audited financial statements for Adient's income tax disclosures. Earnings Per Share The following table shows the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share: Year Ended (in millions, except per share data) 2018 2017 2016 Numerator: Net income (loss) attributable to Adient $ (1,685 ) $ 877 $ (1,546 ) Denominator: Shares outstanding 93.3 93.5 93.7 Effect of dilutive securities — 0.4 — Diluted shares 93.3 93.9 93.7 Earnings per share: Basic $ (18.06 ) $ 9.38 $ (16.50 ) Diluted $ (18.06 ) $ 9.34 $ (16.50 ) Potentially dilutive securities whose effect would have been antidilutive are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share. The impact of excluding antidilutive securities was insignificant for all periods presented. New Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, "Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory." ASU No. 2015-11 requires inventory that is recorded using the first-in, first-out method to be measured at the lower of cost or net realizable value. ASU No. 2015-11 was effective retrospectively for Adient for the first quarter of fiscal 2018. The adoption of this guidance did not have an impact on Adient's consolidated financial statements. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-07, "Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Simplifying the Transition to the Equity Method of Accounting." ASU No. 2016-07 eliminates the requirement that when an investment qualifies for use of the equity method as a result of an increase in the level of ownership interest or degree of influence, an investor must adjust the investment, results of operations, and retained earnings retrospectively. ASU No. 2016-07 was effective prospectively for Adient for increases in the level of ownership interest or degree of influence that result in the adoption of the equity method that occur beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. The adoption of this guidance did not impact Adient's consolidated financial statements. In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-17, "Consolidation (Topic 810): Interests Held through Related Parties That Are under Common Control." ASU No. 2016-17 changes the evaluation of whether a reporting entity is the primary beneficiary of a Variable Interest Entity (VIE) by changing how a reporting entity that is a single decision maker of a VIE treats indirect interests in the entity held through related parties that are under common control with the reporting entity. ASU No. 2016-17 was effective for Adient for the first quarter of fiscal 2018. The adoption of this guidance did not have an impact on Adient's consolidated financial statements. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. Under ASU No. 2017-04, goodwill impairment testing is done by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value. If the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, Adient would recognize an impairment charge for the amount that the reporting unit's carrying value exceeds the fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. ASU No. 2017-04 eliminates the requirement to determine the fair value of individual assets and liabilities of a reporting unit to measure goodwill impairment. Adient early adopted ASU 2017-04 during the second quarter of fiscal 2018. Refer to Note 5 , " Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets ” for information on the interim goodwill impairment test performed in conjunction with the change in segment reporting. In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives And Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedge Activities. The new standard amends the hedge accounting recognition and presentation requirements in ASC 815. ASU No. 2017-12 amends and simplifies existing guidance in order to allow companies to more accurately present the economic effects of risk management activities in the financial statements. As permitted by ASU 2017-12, Adient early adopted this standard in the second quarter of fiscal 2018 on a prospective basis. The adoption of this guidance did not have an impact on Adient's consolidated financial statements. Refer to Note 9 , " Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ," of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for Adient's derivative and hedging disclosures. In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, "Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income." ASU No. 2018-02 gives entities the option to reclassify the stranded tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Act") on items within accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. The standard was early adopted by Adient in the second quarter of fiscal 2018 retrospectively. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on Adient's consolidated financial statements. In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-05, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("SAB 118")." ASU 2018-05 expands income tax accounting and disclosure gu |
