Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to authoritative United States generally accepted accounting principles as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and as amended by Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include all normal and recurring adjustments (which consist primarily of accruals and estimates that impact the financial statements) which are considered necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of June 30, 2022, its results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, its changes in stockholders’ equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 and its cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the full year. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021, and the notes thereto, which are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (the "Annual Report") filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 9, 2022. The condensed consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2021 presented for comparative purposes was derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. The results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, are not necessarily indicative of the operating results to be expected for the full year or for any other subsequent interim period. The Company’s significant accounting policies are disclosed in the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021, included in its Annual Report. Any changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies are further discussed below. COVID-19 Pandemic With the ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic, the Company has implemented business continuity plans designed to address and mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its employees and its business, including its preclinical studies, its ongoing clinical trial, and its regulatory filings. The Company has taken measures to secure its research and development activities, while work in its laboratories and facilities has been re-organized to reduce risks of COVID-19 transmission. Given the global impact and the other risks and uncertainties associated with the pandemic, the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. The Company continues to closely monitor the COVID-19 pandemic and evolve its business continuity plans, clinical development plans and response strategy to mitigate any potential impact. As of the date of issuance of these financial statements, the Company is not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require the Company to update its estimates, assumptions and judgments or revise the carrying value of its assets or liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and any such differences may be material to the Company’s financial statements. Going Concern At each reporting period, the Company evaluates whether there are conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. The Company is required to make certain additional disclosures if it concludes substantial doubt exists and it is not alleviated by the Company’s plans or when its plans alleviate substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Principles of Consolidation The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of its wholly owned subsidiary, Oncorus Securities Corporation. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company has one operating segment. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. On an ongoing basis, the Company’s management evaluates its estimates, which include, but are not limited to, the estimated fair value of the Company’s common stock and share-based awards utilized for stock-based compensation purposes, accrued expenses, and amounts of expenses during the reported period. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and other market-specific or other relevant assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from those estimates or assumptions. Deferred Offering Costs The Company capitalizes certain legal, professional, accounting and other third-party fees that are directly associated with in-process equity issuances or debt financings as deferred offering costs until such equity issuances or debt financings are consummated. After consummation, these costs are recorded as a reduction in the capitalized amount associated with the equity issuance or debt financing. Debt Related Costs The carrying value of the Company’s Term Loan is recorded net of issuance costs and discount relating to the issuance of warrants and fees paid to the lender. Debt related costs are amortized over the term of the debt using the effective interest method and recognized as interest expense. Warrants In accordance with ASC Topic 470-20-25, when the Company issues debt with warrants, the Company treats the warrants as a debt discount, recorded as a contra-liability against the debt, and amortizes the balance over the life of the underlying debt as amortization of debt discount expense in the statements of operations. The offset to the contra-liability is recorded as additional paid-in capital in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet if the warrants are not treated as a derivative or as liability warrants. The Company determines the fair value of the warrants at issuance using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Concentr ation of Credit Risk and of Significant Suppliers Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments. The Company has all of its cash at one financial institution that management believes to be of high credit quality, in amounts that exceed federally insured limits. The Company invests its excess cash, in line with its investment policy, primarily in money market funds and high credit quality debt instruments. The Company is dependent upon a third-party contract manufacturer and third-party contract research organizations for the performance of portions of its testing for pre-clinical and clinical studies. The Company believes that its relationships with these organizations are satisfactory, and that alternative suppliers of these services are available in the event of the loss of one or more of these suppliers. Restricted Cash The Company maintains a balance in a segregated bank account in connection with a letter of credit for the benefit of the landlord in connection with an operating lease. As of June 30, 2022, restricted cash consisted of $ 3.4 million held for the benefit of the landlord. This amount has been classified as part of non-current assets on the Company's unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company includes its restricted cash balance in the cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reconciliation of operating, investing, and financing activities in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of cash flows: JUNE 30, 2022 2021 (in thousands) Cash and cash equivalents $ 84,797 $ 159,920 Restricted cash 3,437 2,877 Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the unaudited interim consolidated statements of cash flows $ 88,234 $ 162,797 Investments Short-term investments consist of commercial paper, corporate bonds, asset-backed securities, and U.S. treasury securities with original maturities greater than three months. The Company may sell investments at any time for use in current operations even if the investments have not yet reached maturity. As a result, the Company classifies its investments, including securities with maturities beyond twelve months, as current assets. As of June 30, 2022, all investments are classified as available-for-sale securities, which are recorded at fair value. Unrealized holding gains and losses on available-for-sale securities are reported as a net amount in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss in stockholders’ equity until realized. Purchase premiums and discounts are amortized to interest income over the terms of the related securities. Realized gains and losses and declines in fair value that are deemed to be other than temporary are reflected in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss using the specific-identification method. The Company periodically reviews all available-for-sale securities for other than temporary declines in fair value below the cost basis whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company also evaluates whether it has plans or is required to sell short-term investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases. For the six months ended June 30, 2022 , the Company has not identified any other than temporary declines in fair value of its short-term investments. Fair Value Measurements Certain assets and liabilities of the Company are carried at fair value under GAAP. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable: Level 1 —Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2 —Valuations based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted market prices, interest rates, and yield curves. Level 3 —Valuations that require inputs that reflect the Company’s own assumptions that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable. To the extent a valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair values requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized as Level 3. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company believes that the carrying amounts of prepaid expenses, other current assets, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate their fair value due to the short-term nature of those instruments. Operating Leases At the inception of an arrangement, the Company determines whether the arrangement is or contains a lease based on specific facts and circumstances, the existence of an identified asset(s), if any, and the Company’s control over the use of the identified asset(s), if applicable. The lease liability is measured at the present value of future lease payments, discounted using the discount rate as of the lease commencement date. Future lease payments may include payments that depend on an index or a rate (such as the consumer price index or other market index). The Company initially measures payments based on an index or rate by using the applicable rate at lease commencement and subsequent changes in such rates are recognized as variable lease costs. Variable payments that do not depend on a rate or index are not included in the lease liability and are recognized as they are incurred. The Company’s contracts typically do not have variable payments based on index or rate. The Company’s contracts that include a lease component generally include additional services that are transferred to the lessee (e.g., common-area maintenance services), which are non-lease components. Contracts typically also include other costs and fees that do not provide a separate service to the lessee, such as costs paid by the lessee to reimburse the lessor for administrative costs or payment for the lessor’s costs for property taxes, insurance related to the leased asset, and other lessor costs. The Company elected the practical expedient to account for the lease and its associated non-lease components as a single lease component for its real estate leases, including the office, lab, and its manufacturing space. When readily determinable, the discount rate used to calculate the lease liability is the rate implicit in the lease. As the Company's leases typically do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the lease term and economic environment at the lease commencement date. The lease term used to calculate the lease liability includes options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. With limited exceptions, the nature of the Company's facility leases is such that there are no economic or other conditions that would indicate that it is reasonably certain at lease commencement that the Company will exercise options to extend the term. The Company recognizes a corresponding right-of-use (“ROU”) asset, initially measured as the amount of lease liability, adjusted for any initial lease costs or lease payments made before or at the commencement of the lease, and reduced by any lease incentives. In certain instances when there is unpredictability of payout of leasehold improvement reimbursements, the ROU asset and lease liability will be adjusted on a prospective basis as construction related to leasehold improvements is performed over the life of the lease. The Company’s leases consist of only operating leases. Operating leases are recognized on the balance sheet as ROU assets, lease liabilities current and lease liabilities non-current. Fixed rents are included in the calculation of the lease balances while certain variable costs paid for certain operating and pass-through costs are excluded. Lease expense is recognized over the expected lease term on a straight-line basis. For leases with a term of one year or less, or short-term leases, the Company has elected to not recognize the lease liability for these arrangements and the lease payments are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. This amendment simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by removing major separation models required under current U.S. GAAP. It also removes certain settlement conditions that are required for equity contracts to qualify for the derivative scope exception, and simplifies the diluted earnings per share calculation in certain areas. ASU No. 2020-06 is effective for public companies for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company early adopted the provisions of ASU 2020-06 effective January 1, 2022, using the modified retrospective method for transition with no significant impact to its consolidated financial statements at the time of adoption. |