Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits | Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits The Company has various pension and post-employment plans which provide for payment of benefits to certain eligible employees, mainly commencing between the ages of 50 and 65 , and for payment of certain disability benefits. After meeting certain qualifications, eligible employees acquire a vested right to future benefits. The benefits payable under the plans are generally determined on the basis of an employee's length of service and/or earnings. Employer contributions to the plans are made, as necessary, to ensure legal funding requirements are satisfied. The Company may make contributions in excess of the legal funding requirements. The Company provides postretirement healthcare benefits to certain retirees. Many employees and retirees outside of the United States are covered by government sponsored healthcare programs. The following table presents the change in benefit obligation, change in plan assets and funded status for the Company's defined benefit and postretirement benefit plans for the year ended December 31, 2018 : (in thousands) Pension Benefits (Underfunded) Pension Benefits (Overfunded) Postretirement Benefits Change in projected benefit obligation ("PBO") Benefit obligation at December 31, 2017 $ 316,882 $ 35,468 $ 16,052 Service cost 9,067 — 657 Interest cost 11,040 857 490 Actuarial gain (22,436 ) (5,255 ) (1,600 ) Curtailments (177 ) — — Settlements (36,244 ) (3,507 ) — Plan amendments — 285 — Participants’ contributions — — 378 Benefit payments (2,990 ) (580 ) (1,565 ) Foreign currency translation (321 ) (1,639 ) — Projected benefit obligation at December 31, 2018 274,821 25,629 14,412 Accumulated benefit obligation at December 31, 2018 240,270 23,821 14,412 Change in plan assets Fair value of plan assets at December 31, 2017 183,093 50,767 — Return on plan assets (11,863 ) (3,846 ) — Employer contributions 44,105 441 1,187 Participants’ contributions — — 378 Settlements (36,244 ) (3,507 ) — Benefit payments (2,990 ) (580 ) (1,565 ) Foreign currency translation (57 ) (2,575 ) — Fair value of plan assets at December 31, 2018 176,044 40,700 — Funded status (fair value of plan assets less PBO) $ (98,777 ) $ 15,071 $ (14,412 ) The following table presents the change in benefit obligation, change in plan assets and funded status for the Company's defined benefit and postretirement benefit plans for the year ended December 31, 2017 : (in thousands) Pension Benefits (Underfunded) Pension Benefits (Overfunded) Postretirement Benefits Change in projected benefit obligation Benefit obligation at December 31, 2016 $ 284,104 $ 39,735 $ 20,264 Service cost 9,217 — 955 Interest cost 10,783 1,049 713 Actuarial (gain) loss 34,557 (2,000 ) (5,075 ) Settlements (20,663 ) (5,172 ) — Participants’ contributions — — 355 Benefit payments (2,719 ) (635 ) (1,160 ) Foreign currency translation 1,435 2,659 — Adjustment for movement from underfunded to overfunded 168 (168 ) — Projected benefit obligation at December 31, 2017 316,882 35,468 16,052 Accumulated benefit obligation at December 31, 2017 277,067 34,190 16,052 Change in plan assets Fair value of plan assets at December 31, 2016 161,088 45,342 — Return on plan assets 23,757 6,254 — Employer contributions 21,280 1,697 805 Participants’ contributions — — 355 Settlements (20,663 ) (5,172 ) — Benefit payments (2,719 ) (635 ) (1,160 ) Foreign currency translation 156 3,475 — Adjustment for movement from underfunded to overfunded 194 (194 ) — Fair value of plan assets at December 31, 2017 183,093 50,767 — Funded status (fair value of plan assets less PBO) $ (133,789 ) $ 15,299 $ (16,052 ) The amount of pension and postretirement assets and liabilities recognized on the consolidated balance sheets was as follows: Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits December 31, December 31, (in thousands) 2018 2017 2018 2017 Other noncurrent assets $ 15,071 $ 15,299 $ — $ — Accrued compensation and benefits (10,391 ) (18,933 ) (721 ) (748 ) Accrued pension and other postretirement benefits (88,386 ) (114,856 ) (13,691 ) (15,304 ) Net liability recognized $ (83,706 ) $ (118,490 ) $ (14,412 ) $ (16,052 ) The amounts in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax on the consolidated balance sheets that have not yet been recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost were as follows: Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits Year ended December 31, Year ended December 31, (in thousands) 2018 2017 2016 2018 2017 2016 Net actuarial gain (loss) at beginning of year $ (44,892 ) $ (33,736 ) $ (18,374 ) $ 12,392 $ 8,055 $ 8,840 Actuarial gain (loss) (882 ) (14,554 ) (18,425 ) 1,600 5,075 573 Prior service cost (285 ) — — — — (283 ) Curtailment impact (97 ) — — — — — Settlement impact 4,982 2,740 1,124 — — — Amortization of actuarial (gain) loss 1,687 804 485 (1,540 ) (601 ) (912 ) Amortization of prior service cost (credit) 175 175 175 (137 ) (137 ) (163 ) Foreign currency translation 187 (321 ) 1,279 — — — Net actuarial gain (loss) at end of year $ (39,125 ) $ (44,892 ) $ (33,736 ) $ 12,315 $ 12,392 $ 8,055 The expected prior service cost (credit) that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost in the next fiscal year is a cost of $0.2 million for the pension plans and a credit of $0.1 million for the postretirement plans. The expected actuarial (gain) loss that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost in the next fiscal year is a loss of $1.0 million for the pension benefit plans and a gain of $1.5 million for the postretirement benefit plans. Components of net periodic benefit cost were as follows: Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits Year ended December 31, (in thousands) 2018 2017 2016 2018 2017 2016 Components of net periodic benefit cost Service cost $ 9,067 $ 9,217 $ 9,763 $ 657 $ 955 $ 888 Interest cost 11,897 11,832 12,356 490 713 779 Expected return on plan assets (13,041 ) (12,006 ) (12,189 ) — — — Curtailment income (97 ) — — — — — Settlement expense 4,982 2,740 1,148 — — — Amortization of net (gain) loss 1,687 804 471 (1,540 ) (601 ) (912 ) Amortization of prior service cost (credit) 175 175 175 (137 ) (137 ) (163 ) Net periodic benefit cost (credit) $ 14,670 $ 12,762 $ 11,724 $ (530 ) $ 930 $ 592 The non-service cost components of net periodic benefit cost (credit) are included in other expense, net in the consolidated statement of operations (Note 19 ). The weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at December 31, 2018 and 2017 were as follows: Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits 2018 2017 2018 2017 Discount rate 4.25 % 3.62 % 4.27 % 3.61 % Rate of compensation increase 4.00 % 4.01 % N/A N/A The weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 were as follows: Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits 2018 2017 2016 2018 2017 2016 Discount rate 3.62 % 4.17 % 4.16 % 3.61 % 4.08 % 4.30 % Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets 5.77 % 5.77 % 6.23 % N/A N/A N/A Rate of compensation increase 4.01 % 4.02 % 4.07 % N/A N/A N/A The assumed healthcare cost trend rates used to determine benefit obligations and net periodic benefit cost for postretirement benefits as of and for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 were as follows: 2018 2017 2016 Healthcare cost trend rate assumed for next year 6.25%/9.00% 5.50%/8.50% 5.50%/9.00% Rate that the cost trend rate is assumed to decline (the ultimate trend rate) 4.50 % 4.50 % 4.50 % Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate 2027 2024 2024 Assumed healthcare cost trend rates have a significant effect on the amounts reported for the postretirement benefits. A one-percentage-point change in assumed healthcare cost trend rates would have the following effects: 2018 2017 (in thousands) One-Percentage Point Increase One-Percentage Point Decrease One-Percentage Point Increase One-Percentage Point Decrease Effect on total of service cost and interest cost $ 72 $ (64 ) $ 73 $ (65 ) Effect on projected benefit obligation 632 (572 ) 665 (598 ) Plan Assets Pension assets by major category of plan assets and the type of fair value measurement as of December 31, 2018 were as follows: (in thousands) Total Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Asset category Individual securities Fixed income $ 1,682 $ — $ 1,682 $ — Commingled funds Measured at net asset value 215,062 — — — $ 216,744 $ — $ 1,682 $ — Pension assets by major category of plan assets and the type of fair value measurement as of December 31, 2017 were as follows: (in thousands) Total Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Asset category Individual securities Fixed income $ 1,794 $ — $ 1,794 $ — Commingled funds Measured at net asset value 232,066 — — — $ 233,860 $ — $ 1,794 $ — Pension assets include fixed income securities and commingled funds. Fixed income securities are valued at daily closing prices or institutional mid-evaluation prices provided by independent industry-recognized pricing sources. Commingled funds are not traded in active markets with quoted prices and as a result, are valued using the net asset values provided by the administrator of the fund. The investments underlying the net asset values are based on quoted prices traded in active markets. In accordance with ASU 2015-7, “Fair Value Measurement: Disclosures for Investments in Certain Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value per Share (or Its Equivalent)”, the Company has elected the practical expedient to exclude assets measured at net asset value from the fair value hierarchy. The Company's investment strategy is to optimize investment returns through a diversified portfolio of investments, taking into consideration underlying plan liabilities and asset volatility. Asset allocations are based on the underlying liability structure and local regulations. All retirement asset allocations are reviewed periodically to ensure the allocation meets the needs of the liability structure. Master trusts were established to hold the assets of the Company's U.S. defined benefit plans. During the year ended December 31, 2018 , the U.S. defined benefit plan asset allocation of these trusts targeted a return-seeking investment allocation of 50% to 76% and a liability-hedging investment allocation of 24% to 50% . During the year ended December 31, 2017 , the U.S. defined benefit plan asset allocation of these trusts targeted a return-seeking investment allocation of 64% to 76% and a liability-hedging investment allocation of 24% to 36% . Return-seeking investments include equities, real estate, high yield bonds and other instruments. Liability-hedging investments include assets such as corporate and government fixed income securities. The Company's future expected blended long-term rate of return on plan assets of 5.84% is determined based on long-term historical performance of plan assets, current asset allocation, and projected long-term rates of return. Estimated Contributions The Company expects to make pension contributions of approximately $25.9 million during 2019 based on current assumptions as of December 31, 2018 . Estimated Future Retirement Benefit Payments The following retirement benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, are expected to be paid as follows: (in thousands) Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits Year ending December 31, 2019 $ 28,898 $ 721 2020 18,536 849 2021 20,064 1,007 2022 20,266 1,138 2023 23,730 1,210 Thereafter 125,482 7,180 $ 236,976 $ 12,105 The estimated future retirement benefit payments noted above are estimates and could change significantly based on differences between actuarial assumptions and actual events and decisions related to lump sum distribution options that are available to participants in certain plans. International Plans Pension coverage for certain eligible employees of the Company's international subsidiaries is provided, to the extent deemed appropriate, through separate defined benefit pension plans. The international defined benefit pension plans are included in the tables above. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , the international pension plans had total projected benefit obligations of $43.9 million and $53.6 million , respectively, and fair values of plan assets of $44.0 million and $53.6 million , respectively. The majority of the plan assets are invested in equity securities. The net periodic benefit cost related to international plans was $0.4 million , $0.9 million and $1.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively. The expected actuarial loss that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost in the next fiscal year is $0.1 million . Defined Contribution Plans The Company sponsors a number of defined contribution plans and company contributions related to these plans are determined under various formulas. Company contributions to defined contribution plans amounted to $16.5 million , $13.8 million and $13.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively. |