Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits | Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits The Company has various pension and post-employment plans which provide for payment of benefits to certain eligible employees, mainly commencing between the ages of 50 and 65, and for payment of certain disability benefits. After meeting certain qualifications, eligible employees acquire a vested right to future benefits. The benefits payable under the plans are generally determined on the basis of an employee's length of service and/or earnings. Employer contributions to the plans are made, as necessary, to ensure legal funding requirements are satisfied. The Company may make contributions in excess of the legal funding requirements. The Company provides postretirement healthcare benefits to certain retirees. Many employees and retirees outside of the United States are covered by government sponsored healthcare programs. The following table presents the change in benefit obligation, change in plan assets and funded status for the Company's defined benefit and postretirement benefit plans for the year ended December 31, 2024: (in thousands) Pension Pension Postretirement Change in projected benefit obligation ("PBO") Benefit obligation at December 31, 2023 $ 219,642 $ 20,559 $ 11,428 Service cost 5,321 — 333 Interest cost 9,761 953 519 Actuarial gain (946) (1,678) (208) Curtailments (176) — — Settlements (16,046) — — Participants’ contributions — — 745 Benefit payments (4,404) (986) (1,519) Foreign currency translation (1,168) (293) — Projected benefit obligation at December 31, 2024 211,984 18,555 11,298 Accumulated benefit obligation at December 31, 2024 195,080 18,308 11,298 Change in plan assets Fair value of plan assets at December 31, 2023 154,216 26,557 — Return on plan assets (3,533) (2,367) — Employer contributions 10,183 — 774 Participants’ contributions — — 745 Settlements (16,046) — — Benefit payments (4,404) (986) (1,519) Foreign currency translation (128) (356) — Fair value of plan assets at December 31, 2024 140,288 22,848 — Funded status (fair value of plan assets less PBO) $ (71,696) $ 4,293 $ (11,298) The following table presents the change in benefit obligation, change in plan assets and funded status for the Company's defined benefit and postretirement benefit plans for the year ended December 31, 2023: (in thousands) Pension Pension Postretirement Change in projected benefit obligation Benefit obligation at December 31, 2022 $ 216,810 $ 19,208 $ 14,264 Service cost 5,679 — 429 Interest cost 10,354 962 662 Actuarial (gain) loss (1,438) 274 (2,403) Settlements (7,142) — — Participants’ contributions — — 762 Benefit payments (4,333) (987) (2,286) Foreign currency translation (288) 1,102 — Projected benefit obligation at December 31, 2023 219,642 20,559 11,428 Accumulated benefit obligation at December 31, 2023 201,856 20,325 11,428 Change in plan assets Fair value of plan assets at December 31, 2022 150,229 26,181 — Return on plan assets 11,493 (104) — Employer contributions 4,048 — 1,524 Participants’ contributions — — 762 Settlements (7,142) — — Benefit payments (4,333) (987) (2,286) Foreign currency translation (79) 1,467 — Fair value of plan assets at December 31, 2023 154,216 26,557 — Funded status (fair value of plan assets less PBO) $ (65,426) $ 5,998 $ (11,428) The above components of the change in the underfunded defined benefit PBO for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are primarily driven by the U.S. defined benefit plans. The actuarial gain related to the U.S. defined benefit plans for the year ended December 31, 2024 includes a $7.4 million actuarial gain attributable to the change in discount rates, a $4.1 million actuarial loss attributable to the change in the lump sum conversion rates and the associated IRS mortality assumptions update and a $2.5 million actuarial loss attributable to plan experience being different than anticipated, primarily related to differences in expected future salaries and actual amounts paid during 2024. The actuarial gain related to the U.S. defined benefit plans for the year ended December 31, 2023 includes a $5.9 million gain attributable to the change in the lump sum conversion rates and the associated IRS mortality assumptions update, a $2.7 million actuarial loss attributable to the change in discount rates and a $1.2 million actuarial loss attributable to plan experience being different than anticipated, primarily related to differences in expected future salaries and lump sums paid during 2023. The Company had one overfunded defined benefit plan for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. The actuarial gain for the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily includes a $1.9 million actuarial gain attributable to the change in discount rates. The actuarial loss for the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily includes a $0.4 million actuarial loss attributable to the change in discount rates and a $0.1 million actuarial loss due to census data updates, offset by an actuarial gain of $0.4 million attributable to an update in morality assumption. The change in the postretirement benefit plan PBO for the year ended December 31, 2024 includes a $0.6 million actuarial gain due to the change in the discount rate, offset in part by a $0.3 million actuarial loss due to updated health care trend rates. The change in the postretirement benefit plan PBO for the year ended December 31, 2023 includes a $2.7 million actuarial gain attributable to plan experience, primarily related to the gain from the net expected claims, offset in part by a $0.2 million actuarial loss due to the change in the discount rate and a $0.1 million actuarial loss due to updated health care trend rates. The amount of pension and postretirement assets and liabilities recognized on the consolidated balance sheets was as follows: Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits December 31, December 31, (in thousands) 2024 2023 2024 2023 Other assets $ 4,293 $ 5,998 $ — $ — Accrued compensation and benefits (7,596) (6,295) (988) (925) Accrued pension and other postretirement benefits (64,100) (59,131) (10,310) (10,503) Net liability recognized $ (67,403) $ (59,428) $ (11,298) $ (11,428) The amounts in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax on the consolidated balance sheets that have not yet been recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost (credit) were as follows: Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits Year ended December 31, Year ended December 31, (in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 2024 2023 2022 Net actuarial (loss) gain at beginning of year $ (23,944) $ (28,208) $ (52,739) $ 8,656 $ 7,283 $ 6,362 Actuarial (loss) gain (10,625) 4,695 16,455 208 2,403 1,527 Curtailment impact 128 — — — — — Settlement impact 104 (39) 2,733 — — — Amortization of actuarial loss (gain) 234 94 3,952 (1,134) (893) (469) Amortization of prior service cost (credit) 95 182 270 (137) (137) (137) Foreign currency translation 160 (668) 1,121 — — — Net actuarial (loss) gain at end of year $ (33,848) $ (23,944) $ (28,208) $ 7,593 $ 8,656 $ 7,283 Components of net periodic benefit cost (credit) were as follows: Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits Year ended December 31, Year ended December 31, (in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 2024 2023 2022 Components of net periodic benefit cost (credit) Service cost $ 5,321 $ 5,679 $ 7,844 $ 333 $ 429 $ 563 Interest cost 10,714 11,316 8,855 519 662 353 Expected return on plan assets (7,349) (7,858) (7,563) — — — Curtailment income (48) — — — — — Settlements 104 (39) 2,733 — — — Amortization of net loss (gain) 234 94 3,952 (1,134) (893) (469) Amortization of prior service cost (credit) 95 182 270 (137) (137) (137) Net periodic benefit cost (credit) $ 9,071 $ 9,374 $ 16,091 $ (419) $ 61 $ 310 The non-service cost components of net periodic benefit cost (credit) are included in other expense, net in the consolidated statements of operations (Note 19). The weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at December 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows: Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits 2024 2023 2024 2023 Discount rate 5.57 % 4.93 % 5.54 % 4.92 % Rate of compensation increase 3.81 % 3.80 % N/A N/A The weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost (credit) for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were as follows: Pension Benefits Postretirement Benefits 2024 2023 2022 2024 2023 2022 Discount rate 4.93 % 5.16 % 2.93 % 4.92 % 5.10 % 2.71 % Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets 3.75 % 3.91 % 3.44 % N/A N/A N/A Rate of compensation increase 3.80 % 3.81 % 3.81 % N/A N/A N/A The assumed healthcare cost trend rates used to determine benefit obligations and net periodic benefit cost (credit) for postretirement benefits as of and for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were as follows: 2024 2023 2022 Healthcare cost trend rate assumed for next year 7.00%/11.75% 7.00%/8.50% 6.75%/8.00% Rate that the cost trend rate is assumed to decline 4.50 % 4.50 % 4.50 % Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate 2035 2033 2031 Plan Assets Pension assets by major category of plan assets and the type of fair value measurement as of December 31, 2024 were as follows: (in thousands) Total Quoted Prices in Significant Significant Asset category Cash $ 359 $ 359 $ — $ — Fixed income securities 23,123 — 23,123 $ 23,482 $ 359 $ 23,123 $ — Commingled funds Measured at net asset value 139,654 $ 163,136 Pension assets by major category of plan assets and the type of fair value measurement as of December 31, 2023 were as follows: (in thousands) Total Quoted Prices in Significant Significant Asset category Cash $ 397 $ 397 $ — $ — Fixed income securities 26,950 — 26,950 — $ 27,347 $ 397 $ 26,950 $ — Commingled funds Measured at net asset value 153,426 $ 180,773 Pension assets include fixed income securities and commingled funds. Fixed income securities are valued at daily closing prices or institutional mid-evaluation prices provided by independent industry-recognized pricing sources. Commingled funds are not traded in active markets with quoted prices and as a result, are valued using the net asset values provided by the administrator of the fund. The investments underlying the net asset values are based on quoted prices traded in active markets. In accordance with ASU 2015-7, Fair Value Measurement: Disclosures for Investments in Certain Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value per Share (or Its Equivalent) , the Company has elected the practical expedient to exclude assets measured at net asset value from the fair value hierarchy. The Company's investment strategy seeks to reduce asset-liability risk as the funded ratio of the plan improves. The mix of return seeking and liability hedging assets is determined by taking into account factors such as the funded status level of the plan, the characteristics of the plan’s liabilities, asset volatility and local regulations. All retirement asset allocations are reviewed periodically to ensure the allocation meets the needs of the liability structure. Master trusts were established to hold the assets of the Company's U.S. defined benefit plan. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the U.S. defined benefit plan asset allocation of these trusts targeted a return-seeking investment allocation of 19% and a liability-hedging investment allocation of 81%. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the U.S. defined benefit plan asset allocation of these trusts targeted a return-seeking investment allocation of 32% to 41% and a liability-hedging investment allocation of 59% to 68%. Return-seeking investments include equities, real estate, high yield bonds and other instruments. Liability-hedging investments include assets such as corporate and government fixed income securities. The Company's future expected blended long-term rate of return on plan assets of 4.52% is determined based on long-term historical performance of plan assets, current asset allocation and projected long-term rates of return. Estimated Contributions The Company expects to make pension contributions of approximately $12.7 million during 2025 based on current assumptions as of December 31, 2024. Estimated Future Retirement Benefit Payments The following retirement benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, are expected to be paid as follows: (in thousands) Pension Postretirement Year ending December 31, 2025 $ 33,193 $ 990 2026 25,857 1,006 2027 25,676 1,102 2028 24,606 1,125 2029 22,740 1,106 Thereafter 102,585 5,741 $ 234,657 $ 11,070 The estimated future retirement benefit payments noted above are estimates and could change significantly based on differences between actuarial assumptions and actual events and decisions related to lump sum distribution options that are available to participants in certain plans. International Plans Pension coverage for certain eligible employees of the Company's international subsidiaries is provided, to the extent deemed appropriate, through separate defined benefit pension plans. The international defined benefit pension plans are included in the tables above. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the international pension plans had total projected benefit obligations of $35.3 million and $37.9 million, respectively, and fair values of plan assets of $24.0 million and $28.0 million, respectively. The majority of the plan assets are invested in equity securities and insured pension assets. The net periodic benefit cost related to international plans was $3.0 million, $2.8 million and $3.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Defined Contribution Plans The Company sponsors a number of defined contribution plans and company contributions related to these plans are determined under various formulas. Company contributions to defined contribution plans amounted to $22.5 million, $21.3 million and $20.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. |