Stock-based compensation | Stock-based compensation Prior to the LLC Conversion, the Company granted incentive units and phantom units under its 2015 Equity-Based Incentive Plan (“2015 Plan”) to employees and non-employee service providers. In October 2020, in conjunction with the LLC Conversion, the Company adopted the 2020 Stock Option and Grant Plan (“2020 Plan”) under which it granted stock options, restricted shares, and SARs as replacement awards for outstanding awards under the 2015 Plan and as new awards to incentivize employee service. Upon completion of the IPO, the Company adopted the 2021 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (“2021 Plan”). Total stock-based compensation expense related to all of the Company’s stock-based awards was recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as follows (in thousands): For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 2022 2021 Research and development 1,697 851 3,120 1,927 Selling, general and administrative 2,550 591 4,906 1,666 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 4,247 $ 1,442 $ 8,026 $ 3,593 Restricted Stock Upon the LLC Conversion, the outstanding 3,329,707 incentive units were exchanged for 2,671,907 restricted shares of common stock granted under the 2020 Plan based on a ratio determined by their threshold amount and the fair value of the restricted stock. The exchange was accounted for as a probable-to-probable modification (Type I modification), and the fair value of the restricted shares did not exceed the fair value of the incentive units on the date of exchange. Accordingly, the restricted shares are measured at the grant date fair value of the incentive units. Shares of restricted stock that do not vest are subject to our right of repurchase or forfeiture. In connection with its acquisitions of Denovium and Totient, the Company issued restricted shares of common stock that vest over time subject to continued service. Activity for the restricted shares is shown below: Number of shares Unvested as of December 31, 2021 2,585,670 Repurchased (249,618) Vested (514,738) Unvested as of June 30, 2022 1,821,314 As of June 30, 2022, there was $8.4 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to the restricted shares expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of 1.8 years. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company granted 68,175 shares of restricted stock units to certain employees and consultants under the 2021 Plan. As of June 30, 2022, 68,175 shares of these restricted stock units were outstanding and unvested. As of June 30, 2022, total unrecognized stock-based compensation related to these restricted stock units was $0.5 million, which the Company expects to recognize over a remaining weighted average period of 3.1 years. Phantom Units Phantom units generally vested at 25% after one-year with the remainder vesting quarterly over the following three-year period. Upon the occurrence of a liquidity event, 100% of phantom units would vest. A liquidity event for purposes of the phantom units meant either of the following events: (i) a person or persons acting as a group (other than a person or group that currently owns more than 50% of the voting power of the Company) acquires ownership of common units that, together with the common units held by such person or group, constitutes more than 50% of the voting power of all common units of the Company or (ii) a person or persons acting as a group acquires (or has acquired during the 12-month period ending on the date of the most recent acquisition by such person or persons) assets from the Company that have a total gross fair market value of more than 60% of the total gross fair market value of all of the assets of the Company immediately before such acquisition or acquisitions. Upon a liquidity event, the phantom unit holders were entitled to a payment equal to the fair value of common units less a strike price. The payment was to be made in the same form of consideration as received by other unit holders as a result of the liquidity event. Other than this payment upon a liquidity event, phantom units provided no economic value and they provided no voting rights. Due to the presence of an exercise condition that was contingent upon a liquidity event, the Company determined that it was not probable that the phantom units would become exercisable and no compensation expense has been recognized. Activity for the phantom units is shown below: Number of Units Weighted Average Strike Price Unvested as of December 31, 2020 1,202,435 $ 0.47 Granted — — Vested — — Exchange of Phantom Units for Cash Payment Rights, SARs, and/or Stock Options (1,202,435) $ 0.47 Unvested as of June 30, 2021 — $ — Following the LLC Conversion, the holders of phantom units were offered to exchange their awards for a combination of cash payment rights, SARs and/or stock options granted under the 2020 Plan. The exchange was accounted for as short-term inducement, with no accounting recognition prior to offer expiration in January 2021 as the exchange offer participants were able to modify their election through the expiration date. In January 2021, all participants accepted the offer. The exercisability of the SARs is contingent upon a liquidity event that is not probable of occurrence; accordingly, no compensation expense has been recognized for these awards. The stock options vest based on a service condition, generally over a 4-year term beginning with the vesting commencement date of the exchanged phantom units. The Company recognizes expense associated with the cash payment rights within stock-based compensation and began to make payments in February 2022 for vested rights. As cash payment rights continue to vest, payments are made monthly. The aggregate intrinsic value of the 394,736 SARs outstanding as of June 30, 2022 is $1.3 million based on the estimated fair value of common stock of $3.32 per share. Stock Options Stock options generally vest 25% after one-year from the date of the grant with the remainder vesting monthly over the following three-year period. Certain options have alternative vesting schedules including ratably over 2-4 years and immediate vesting. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur and uses the straight-line expense recognition method. Activity for stock options is shown below: Number of Options Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in Outstanding at December 31, 2021 7,757,401 $ 3.72 9.2 $ 40,939 Granted 4,281,834 7.23 Exercised (382,569) 1.12 Canceled/ Forfeited (806,439) 4.60 Expired (9,747) 1.12 Outstanding at June 30, 2022 10,840,480 5.14 8.8 8,313 Exercisable at June 30, 2022 2,629,096 $ 2.22 8.1 $ 4,185 Vested and expected to vest as of June 30, 2022 10,840,480 8.8 $ 8,313 The aggregate intrinsic value was calculated based on the estimated fair value of common stock of $3.32 per share. The weighted-average grant date fair value of stock options granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 was $3.16 and $4.21, respectively. The weighted-average grant date fair value of stock options granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 was $7.08 and $3.87, respectively. The grant date fair value of options vested during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 was $5.0 million and $5.8 million, respectively. The intrinsic value of options exercised, which represents the value of the Company’s common stock at the time of exercise in excess of the exercise price, was $1.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2022. As of June 30, 2022, total unrecognized stock-based compensation related to stock options was $34.2 million, which the Company expects to recognize over a remaining weighted average period of 3.1 years. Under the 2020 Plan and 2021 Plan, the Company has also granted a limited quantity of cash-settled stock appreciation rights to certain international-based employees and consultants. As of June 30, 2022, 147,181 of these stock appreciation rights were outstanding with a weighted average exercise price of $5.72. As of June 30, 2022, the Company had recognized a liability of $0.2 million classified within other long-term liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets and total unrecognized stock-based compensation related to these cash-settled stock appreciation rights was $0.7 million, which the Company expects to recognize over a remaining weighted average period of 3.1 years. The fair value is remeasured at the end of each reporting period based on the Company’s stock price, with remeasurements reflected as an adjustment to compensation expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Determination of Fair Value The estimated grant-date fair value of all the Company’s stock options was calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, based on the following assumptions: For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 2022 2021 Expected term (in years) 5.5-6.8 6.0-6.1 5.5-7.0 3.5-6.1 Volatility 63%-64% 46% 63%-67% 45%-47% Risk-free interest rate 2.5%-3.0% 1.2%-1.3% 0.8%-3.0% 0.3%-1.3% Dividend Yield —% —% —% —% The fair value of each stock option was determined by the Company using the methods and assumptions discussed below. Each of these inputs is subjective and generally requires significant judgment and estimation by management. Expected Term—The expected term represents the period that stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding. The Company’s stock options do not have a contractual term. However, there is a constructive maturity of each stock option based on the expected exit or liquidity scenarios for the Company. The Company’s historical option exercise data is limited and did not provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate an expected term. The expected term for options was derived by using the simplified method which uses the midpoint between the average vesting term and the contractual expiration period of the stock-based award. Expected Volatility—As we do not have sufficient trading history for our common stock, the expected volatility was derived from the historical stock volatilities of comparable peer public companies within the Company’s industry. These companies are considered to be comparable to the Company’s business over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock-based awards. Risk-Free Interest Rate—The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the date of grant for zero coupon U.S. Treasury notes with maturities approximately equal to the stock options’ expected term. Expected Dividend Rate—The expected dividend is zero as the Company has not paid nor does it anticipate paying any dividends on its common stock underlying its stock options in the foreseeable future. The Company estimated the fair value of its common stock underlying the stock-based awards when performing fair value calculations using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. In June 2021, the Company increased the number of shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under the 2020 Plan to 11,980,029. In July 2021, upon the completion of IPO, the Company adopted the 2021 Plan. The number of shares of common stock initially reserved for future issuance under the 2021 Plan was 8,133,750. On January 1, 2022, the number of shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under the 2021 Plan was increased by 4,632,401 shares pursuant to an automatic annual increase. As of June 30, 2022, 9,601,512 shares were available for issuance under the 2021 Plan. Employee Stock Purchase Plan In July 2021, the Board adopted the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“2021 ESPP”), which was subsequently approved by the Company’s stockholders and became effective in connection with the IPO. A total of 903,750 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under the 2021 ESPP. The first offering period has not commenced as of June 30, 2022 and there is no stock-based compensation related to the 2021 ESPP for the period ended June 30, 2022. |