Stock-based compensation | Stock-based compensation The Company grants stock options, restricted stock units, and stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) under the 2021 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (“2021 Plan”) as awards to incentivize employee service. On January 1, 2023, the number of shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under the 2021 Plan was increased by 4,620,555 shares pursuant to an automatic annual increase. As of June 30, 2023, 7,756,018 shares were available for issuance under the 2021 Plan. Total stock-based compensation expense related to all of the Company’s stock-based awards was recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as follows (in thousands): For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 Research and development 1,243 1,697 $ 2,436 $ 3,120 Selling, general and administrative 1,811 2,550 3,284 4,906 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 3,054 $ 4,247 $ 5,720 $ 8,026 Stock options Stock options generally vest 25% after one year from the date of the grant with the remainder vesting monthly over the following three-year period. Certain options have alternative vesting schedules including ratably over 1-4 years and immediate vesting. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur and uses the straight-line expense recognition method. Activity for stock options is shown below: Number of Options Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands $) Outstanding at December 31, 2022 11,429,399 $ 4.49 8.4 $ 2,949 Granted 7,244,685 2.03 Exercised (161,983) 1.10 86 Canceled/Forfeited (1,399,292) 4.13 Expired (91,939) 6.72 Outstanding at June 30, 2023 17,020,870 3.50 8.6 1,111 Exercisable at June 30, 2023 4,250,026 $ 4.07 6.7 $ 888 Vested and expected to vest as of June 30, 2023 17,020,870 $ 3.50 8.6 $ 1,111 The aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding stock options as of June 30, 2023 was calculated based on the fair value of common stock of $1.52 per share. The weighted-average grant date fair value of stock options granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 was $1.18 and $1.44, respectively, per share. The weighted-average grant date fair value of stock options granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 was $3.16 and $4.21, respectively, per share. The aggregate grant date fair value of options vested during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 was $2.4 million and $6.0 million, respectively. The aggregate grant date fair value of options vested during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 was $5.0 million and $5.8 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2023, total unrecognized stock-based compensation related to stock options was $26.8 million, which the Company expects to recognize over a remaining weighted average period of 2.8 years. Determination of fair value The estimated grant-date fair value of all the Company’s stock options was calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, based on the following assumptions: For the Three Months Ended June 30, For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 Expected term (in years) 5.5-6.1 5.5-6.8 5.3-6.1 5.5-7.0 Volatility 80% 63%-64% 79%-80% 63%-67% Risk-free interest rate 3.5%-4.0% 2.5%-3.0% 3.4%-4.2% 0.8%-3.0% Dividend Yield —% —% —% —% Restricted stock Activity for the shares of restricted stock is shown below: Number of shares Unvested as of December 31, 2022 1,013,308 Forfeitures (101,030) Vested (321,569) Unvested as of June 30, 2023 590,709 As of June 30, 2023, there was $1.3 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to the outstanding shares of restricted stock expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of 1.5 years. Stock appreciation rights In January 2021, the Company issued SARs that are contingent upon a liquidity event that is not probable of occurrence; accordingly, no compensation expense has been recognized for these awards. The aggregate intrinsic value of the 394,736 SARs outstanding as of June 30, 2023 is $0.6 million based on the Company’s closing stock price of $1.52 per share as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on such date. Under the Company’s 2020 Stock Option and Grant Plan and 2021 Plan, the Company has also granted a limited quantity of cash-settled SARs to certain employees and consultants based outside the United States. As of June 30, 2023, 202,570 of these SARs were outstanding with a weighted average exercise price of $4.34 per share. The fair value is remeasured at the end of each reporting period based on the Company’s stock price, with remeasurements reflected as an adjustment to compensation expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for such period. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had recognized no liability for SARs classified within other long-term liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Employee stock purchase plan In July 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“2021 ESPP”), which was subsequently approved by the Company’s stockholders and became effective in connection with the Company’s initial public offering. The ESPP allows eligible employees to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock through payroll deductions of up to 15% of their regular compensation at a discount of 85% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the first day or last day, whichever is less, of the applicable offering period, subject to any plan limitations. A total of 903,750 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under the 2021 ESPP. On January 1, 2023, the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2021 ESPP was increased by 924,111 shares pursuant to an automatic annual increase. As of June 30, 2023, 1,713,090 shares were available for issuance under the 2021 ESPP. |