Stock-based compensation | Stock-based compensation The Company grants stock options, restricted stock units, and stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) under the 2021 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (“2021 Plan”) and the 2023 Inducement Plan (the “2023 Inducement Plan”). On January 1, 2024, the number of shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under the 2021 Plan was increased by 4,654,384 shares pursuant to an automatic annual increase. As of March 31, 2024, 3,667,088 shares were available for future grant under the 2021 Plan. As of March 31, 2024, 2,500,000 shares were available for future grant under the 2023 Inducement Plan. Total stock-based compensation expense related to all of the Company’s stock-based awards was recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as follows (in thousands): For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 Research and development $ 1,654 $ 1,193 Selling, general and administrative 1,943 1,473 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 3,597 $ 2,666 Stock options Stock options generally vest either 25% after one year from the date of the grant with the remainder vesting monthly over the following three-year period or ratably over three years in three equal installments. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur and uses the straight-line expense recognition method. Activity for stock options is shown below: Number of Options Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands $) Outstanding at December 31, 2023 17,104,505 $ 3.03 8.3 $ 30,661 Granted 3,970,309 4.38 Exercised (542,741) 2.68 1,233 Canceled/Forfeited (225,111) 2.59 Expired (40,087) 5.11 Outstanding at March 31, 2024 20,266,875 3.31 8.5 $ 55,369 Exercisable at March 31, 2024 5,926,599 $ 3.66 7.1 $ 16,497 The aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding stock options as of March 31, 2024 was calculated based on the Company’s closing stock price of $5.68 per share as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on such date. The weighted-average grant date fair value of stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $3.15 and $1.46, respectively, per share. As of March 31, 2024, total unrecognized stock-based compensation related to stock options was $29.6 million, which the Company expects to recognize over a remaining weighted average period of 2.6 years. Determination of fair value The estimated grant-date fair value of all the Company’s stock options was calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, based on the following assumptions: For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 Expected term (in years) 5.5-6.1 5.3-6.1 Volatility 81%-82% 79%-80% Risk-free interest rate 3.8%-4.1% 3.4%-4.2% Dividend Yield —% —% Restricted stock In connection with certain business combinations and as compensation for other service relationships, the Company has issued shares of restricted stock that vest over time subject to continued service by the stockholder. Shares of restricted stock that have not yet vested are subject to the Company’s right of repurchase or forfeiture by the stockholder. Activity for restricted shares is shown below: Number of shares Unvested as of December 31, 2023 374,208 Vested (105,336) Unvested as of March 31, 2024 268,872 As of March 31, 2024, there was $0.6 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to the outstanding shares of restricted stock expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of 0.9 years. Restricted stock units subject to time-based vesting generally vest ratably over a term of 1-4 years. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur and uses the straight-line expense recognition method. Activity for restricted stock units is shown below: Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Unvested as of December 31, 2023 2,198,334 $ 1.42 Granted 2,426,855 3.62 Vested (14,326) 2.21 Forfeitures (61,908) 1.56 Unvested as of March 31, 2024 4,548,955 $ 2.59 The weighted-average grant date fair value of restricted stock units granted during the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $3.62. The aggregate grant date fair value of restricted stock units vested during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $0.0 million. As of March 31, 2024, there was $11.7 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to the outstanding restricted stock units expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of 2.0 years. Fair value of restricted stock units subject to time-based vesting is calculated based on the Company’s closing stock price per share as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on the date of grant. Restricted Stock Unit Award with Market Conditions In March 2024, the Company granted 1,500,000 performance restricted stock units to its Founder and Chief Executive Officer that contained market conditions (the “2024 Market Award”). Subject to the holder’s continued service, the 2024 Market Award provided for vesting in tranches once the Company’s closing stock price meets or exceeds certain thresholds established by the Company’s Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. The original grant-date fair value of the 2024 Market Award of $5.5 million was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model using an expected volatility of 97% and risk-free rate of 4.5%. The stock based compensation expense will be recognized over the derived service period for each tranche over periods up to 1.3 years. As of March 31, 2024, none of the stock price thresholds for the 2024 Market Award had been met resulting in no shares vesting. Any unvested tranches of the 2024 Market Award will expire in March 2027 if the vesting conditions are not met. Stock appreciation rights In January 2021, the Company issued SARs that are contingent upon a qualifying liquidity event that continues to not be probable of occurrence; accordingly, no compensation expense has been recognized for these awards. The aggregate intrinsic value of the 394,736 SARs outstanding as of March 31, 2024 is $2.2 million based on the Company’s closing stock price of $5.68 per share as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on such date. |