Stock incentive plans | 8. Stock incentive plans On June 5, 2018, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2018 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”), which became effective on June 20, 2018. The 2018 Plan provides for an annual increase, to be added on the first day of each fiscal year, of up to 4% of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock as of the last day of the prior year. On January 1, 2021, Stock-based compensation expense Non-cash stock-based compensation expense recognized in the accompanying condensed statements of operations relating to stock options, restricted stock awards, and restricted stock units for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 was as follows (in thousands): Three months ended Nine months ended September 30, September 30, 2021 2020 2021 2020 Research and development $ 634 $ 645 $ 2,047 $ 1,660 General and administrative 1,628 2,024 5,348 5,843 Total stock‑based compensation expense $ 2,262 $ 2,669 $ 7,395 $ 7,503 Stock options The table below summarizes activity related to stock options (in thousands, except per share amounts): Weighted ‑ Weighted ‑ average average remaining Aggregate exercise contractual intrinsic Options Shares price term value Outstanding, December 31, 2020 6,684 $ 6.88 7.96 $ 1,582 Granted 3,205 3.47 Exercised (87) 1.53 Forfeited and canceled (410) 5.52 Outstanding, September 30, 2021 9,392 $ 5.83 7.98 $ 30 Vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2021 9,392 $ 5.83 7.98 $ 30 Exercisable at September 30, 2021 4,456 $ 7.14 6.88 $ 30 During the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company granted 3.2 million and 2.4 million stock options, respectively and these options had a weighted-average grant-date fair value of $2.71 and $2.06 per share, respectively. The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options was determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model for options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were similar to those as described in the Annual Report, except for the manner in which the expected volatility was determined. The expected volatility for the Company’s options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 is based on a weighted-average of the historical volatility of share values of publicly traded companies within the biotechnology industry which includes the historical volatility of the Company’s stock since the Company’s initial public offering. As of September 30, 2021, there was $14.9 million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested stock options which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.4 years. The options have a ten-year life and generally vest over a period of four years , subject to continuous employment. Restricted stock units In June 2020 and May 2019, the Company issued an aggregate of 205,200 and 1,183,400 restricted stock units, respectively, to employees. The restricted stock units issued in 2020 vest ten months from the date of grant. The restricted stock units issued in 2019 vest two years from the date of grant. The Company at any time may accelerate the vesting of the restricted stock units. Such shares are not accounted for as outstanding until they vest. The table below summarizes activity related to restricted stock units (in thousands, except per share amounts): Weighted ‑ average grant date fair value Shares per share Unvested as of December 31, 2020 1,091 $ 3.63 Issued — $ — Vested (1,089) 3.63 Forfeited and canceled (2) 3.63 Unvested as of September 30, 2021 — $ — Non-cash restricted stock unit award expense recognized in the accompanying condensed statements of operations was $0.0 million and $0.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $0.8 million and $1.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. There were no unvested restricted stock units as of September 30, 2021. |