Loans and Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses | NOTE 4 – LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES Loans at December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Commercial real estate $ 559,899 $ 550,446 Consumer real estate 256,097 253,562 Construction and land development 143,111 174,670 Commercial and industrial 394,408 404,600 Consumer 28,426 25,615 Other 38,161 20,901 Total 1,420,102 1,429,794 Allowance for loan losses (12,604 ) (12,113 ) Total loans, net $ 1,407,498 $ 1,417,681 At December 31, 2019, variable-rate and fixed-rate loans totaled $785,329,000 and $634,773,000, respectively. At December 31, 2018, variable-rate and fixed-rate loans totaled $827,491,000 and $602,404,000, respectively. The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes all commercial loans, and consumer relationships with an outstanding balance greater than $500,000, individually and assigns each loan a risk rating. This analysis is performed on a continual basis by the relationship managers and credit department personnel. On at least an annual basis an independent party performs a formal credit risk review of a sample of the loan portfolio. Among other things, this review assesses the appropriateness of the loan’s risk rating. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings: Special Mention – A special mention asset possesses deficiencies or potential weaknesses deserving of management’s attention. If uncorrected, such weaknesses or deficiencies may expose the Company to an increased risk of loss in the future. Substandard – A substandard asset is inadequately protected by the current sound net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if deficiencies are not corrected. Loss potential, while existing in the aggregate amount of substandard assets, does not have to exist in individual assets classified substandard. Doubtful – A doubtful asset has all weaknesses inherent in one classified substandard, with the added characteristic that weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. The probability of loss is extremely high, but certain important and reasonable specific pending factors which may work to the advantage and strengthening of the asset exist, therefore, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until a more exact status may be determined. Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition or liquidation procedures, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral, and refinancing plans. Loans not falling into the criteria above are considered to be pass-rated loans. The Company utilizes six loan grades within the pass risk rating. The following table provides the risk category of loans by applicable class of loans as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands): Non-impaired Loans December 31, 2019 Pass Special Mention Substandard Total Non-impaired Total Loans Total Commercial real estate $ 551,929 $ 915 $ 4,438 $ 557,282 $ 2,617 $ 559,899 Consumer real estate 252,952 503 1,551 255,006 1,091 256,097 Construction and land development 142,978 — 16 142,994 117 143,111 Commercial and industrial 370,475 14,341 8,241 393,057 1,351 394,408 Consumer 28,382 6 15 28,403 23 28,426 Other 38,161 — — 38,161 — 38,161 Total $ 1,384,877 $ 15,765 $ 14,261 $ 1,414,903 $ 5,199 $ 1,420,102 December 31, 2018 Commercial real estate $ 547,616 $ 177 $ 1,262 $ 549,055 $ 1,391 $ 550,446 Consumer real estate 249,273 1,676 1,691 252,640 922 253,562 Construction and land development 174,591 52 19 174,662 8 174,670 Commercial and industrial 388,719 7,790 6,545 403,054 1,546 404,600 Consumer 25,556 1 27 25,584 31 25,615 Other 20,901 — — 20,901 — 20,901 Total $ 1,406,656 $ 9,696 $ 9,544 $ 1,425,896 $ 3,898 $ 1,429,794 None of the Company’s loans had a risk rating of “Doubtful” as of December 31, 2019 or 2018. The following tables detail the changes in the ALL for the years ending December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 by loan classification (in thousands): Commercial real estate Consumer real estate Construction and land development Commercial and industrial Consumer Other Total Year ended December 31, 2019 Balance, beginning of period $ 3,309 $ 1,005 $ 2,431 $ 5,036 $ 105 $ 227 $ 12,113 Charged-off loans — (39 ) — (455 ) (164 ) (140 ) (798 ) Recoveries 23 20 — 380 82 23 528 Provision for loan losses 267 245 (373 ) 113 199 310 761 Balance, end of period $ 3,599 $ 1,231 $ 2,058 $ 5,074 $ 222 $ 420 $ 12,604 Year ended December 31, 2018 Balance, beginning of period $ 3,324 $ 1,063 $ 1,628 $ 7,209 $ 91 $ 406 $ 13,721 Charged-off loans — — — (4,831 ) (84 ) (39 ) (4,954 ) Recoveries 22 4 — 395 75 8 504 Provision for loan losses (37 ) (62 ) 803 2,263 23 (148 ) 2,842 Balance, end of period $ 3,309 $ 1,005 $ 2,431 $ 5,036 $ 105 $ 227 $ 12,113 Year ended December 31, 2017 Balance, beginning of period $ 2,655 $ 1,013 $ 1,574 $ 5,618 $ 76 $ 698 $ 11,634 Charged-off loans — — — (12,769 ) — — (12,769 ) Recoveries 9 — — 1,865 112 — 1,986 Provision for loan losses 660 50 54 12,495 (97 ) (292 ) 12,870 Balance, end of period $ 3,324 $ 1,063 $ 1,628 $ 7,209 $ 91 $ 406 $ 13,721 A breakdown of the ALL and the loan portfolio by loan category at December 31, 2019 and 2018 follows (in thousands): Commercial real estate Consumer real estate Construction and land development Commercial and industrial Consumer Other Total December 31, 2019 Allowance for Loan Losses: Collectively evaluated for impairment $ 3,599 $ 1,231 $ 2,058 $ 5,074 $ 222 $ 420 $ 12,604 Individually evaluated for impairment — — — — — — — Acquired with deteriorated credit quality — — — — — — — Balances, end of period $ 3,599 $ 1,231 $ 2,058 $ 5,074 $ 222 $ 420 $ 12,604 Loans: Collectively evaluated for impairment $ 557,282 $ 255,006 $ 142,994 $ 393,057 $ 28,403 $ 38,161 $ 1,414,903 Individually evaluated for impairment 2,507 483 112 487 5 — 3,594 Acquired with deteriorated credit quality 110 608 5 864 18 — 1,605 Balances, end of period $ 559,899 $ 256,097 $ 143,111 $ 394,408 $ 28,426 $ 38,161 $ 1,420,102 December 31, 2018 Allowance for Loan Losses: Collectively evaluated for impairment $ 3,309 $ 1,005 $ 2,431 $ 5,036 $ 105 $ 227 $ 12,113 Individually evaluated for impairment — — — — — — — Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality — — — — — — — Balances, end of period $ 3,309 $ 1,005 $ 2,431 $ 5,036 $ 105 $ 227 $ 12,113 Loans: Collectively evaluated for impairment $ 549,055 $ 252,640 $ 174,662 $ 403,054 $ 25,584 $ 20,901 $ 1,425,896 Individually evaluated for impairment 1,278 183 — 817 — — 2,278 Acquired with deteriorated credit quality 113 739 8 729 31 — 1,620 Balances, end of period $ 550,446 $ 253,562 $ 174,670 $ 404,600 $ 25,615 $ 20,901 $ 1,429,794 The following table presents the allocation of the ALL for each respective loan category with the corresponding percentage of loans in each category to total loans, net of deferred fees as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 (dollars in thousands): December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Amount Percent of total loans Amount Percent of total loans Commercial real estate $ 3,599 0.25 % $ 3,309 0.23 % Consumer real estate 1,231 0.09 % 1,005 0.07 % Construction and land development 2,058 0.14 % 2,431 0.17 % Commercial and industrial 5,074 0.36 % 5,036 0.35 % Consumer 222 0.02 % 105 0.01 % Other 420 0.03 % 227 0.02 % Total allowance for loan and lease losses $ 12,604 0.89 % $ 12,113 0.85 % The following table presents information related to impaired loans as of and for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands): December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Recorded investment Unpaid principal balance Related allowance Recorded investment Unpaid principal balance Related allowance With no related allowance recorded: Commercial real estate $ 2,617 $ 2,621 $ — $ 1,391 $ 1,775 $ — Consumer real estate 1,091 1,327 — 922 1,204 — Construction and land development 117 132 — 8 18 — Commercial and industrial 1,351 2,173 — 1,546 6,350 — Consumer 23 41 — 31 56 — Other — — — — — — Subtotal 5,199 6,294 — 3,898 9,403 — With an allowance recorded: Commercial real estate — — — — — — Consumer real estate — — — — — — Construction and land development — — — — — — Commercial and industrial — — — — — — Consumer — — — — — — Other — — — — — — Subtotal — — — — — — Total $ 5,199 $ 6,294 $ — $ 3,898 $ 9,403 $ — The recorded investment in loans excludes accrued interest receivable and loan origination fees, net due to immateriality. For purposes of this disclosure, the unpaid principal balance is not reduced for partial charge-offs. The following table presents information related to the average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands): Year Ended Year Ended Year Ended December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 Average recorded investment Interest income recognized Average recorded investment Interest income recognized Average recorded investment Interest income recognized With no related allowance recorded: Commercial real estate $ 2,574 $ 313 $ 1,198 $ 158 $ 1,258 $ — Consumer real estate 1,037 105 185 — — — Construction and land development 119 4 94 2 — — Commercial and industrial 824 440 5,557 121 — — Consumer 23 2 7 — — — Other — — — — — — Subtotal 4,577 864 7,041 281 1,258 — With an allowance recorded: Commercial real estate — — — — — — Consumer real estate — — — — — — Construction and land development — — — — — — Commercial and industrial — — — — 2,077 — Consumer — — — — — — Other — — — — — — Subtotal — — — — 2,077 — Total $ 4,577 $ 864 $ 7,041 $ 281 $ 3,335 $ — There was no interest income recognized on a cash basis for impaired loans for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 or 2017. Non-accrual loans and loans past due 90 days still on accrual include both smaller balance homogeneous loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment and individually classified impaired loans. Impaired loans include commercial loans that are individually evaluated for impairment and deemed impaired (i.e., individually classified impaired loans) as well as TDRs for all loan classifications. The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past-due loans as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 by class of loans (in thousands): 30 - 59 60 - 89 Greater Than Days Days 89 Days Total Loans Not December 31, 2019 Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Total Commercial real estate $ 372 $ — $ — $ 372 $ 559,527 $ 559,899 Consumer real estate 3,642 474 643 4,759 251,338 256,097 Construction and land development 653 15 — 668 142,443 143,111 Commercial and industrial 1,277 8 440 1,725 392,683 394,408 Consumer 67 — 33 100 28,326 28,426 Other — — — — 38,161 38,161 Total $ 6,011 $ 497 $ 1,116 $ 7,624 $ 1,412,478 $ 1,420,102 December 31, 2018 Commercial real estate $ 300 $ 227 $ — $ 527 $ 549,919 $ 550,446 Consumer real estate 69 75 775 919 252,643 253,562 Construction and land development — — — — 174,670 174,670 Commercial and industrial 54 — — 54 404,546 404,600 Consumer 52 — 43 95 25,520 25,615 Other — — — — 20,901 20,901 Total $ 475 $ 302 $ 818 $ 1,595 $ 1,428,199 $ 1,429,794 The following table presents the recorded investment in non-accrual loans, past due loans over 89 days and accruing and troubled debt restructurings by class of loans as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands): Past Due Over 89 Days Troubled Debt Non-Accrual and Accruing Restructurings December 31, 2019 Commercial real estate $ — $ — $ 2,446 Consumer real estate 894 12 — Construction and land development 117 — — Commercial and industrial 440 — 271 Consumer 13 26 — Other — — — Total $ 1,464 $ 38 $ 2,717 December 31, 2018 Commercial real estate $ — $ — $ 1,391 Consumer real estate 1,187 214 — Construction and land development 19 — — Commercial and industrial 817 — — Consumer 55 — — Other — — — Total $ 2,078 $ 214 $ 1,391 As of December 31, 2019 and 2018 all loans classified as nonperforming were deemed to be impaired. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018 the Company had recorded investments in TDR of $2.7 million and $1.4 million, respectively. The Company did not allocate a specific allowance for those loans at December 31, 2019 or 2018 and there were no commitments to lend additional amounts. Loans accounted for as TDR include modifications from original terms such as those due to bankruptcy proceedings, certain modifications of amortization periods or extended suspension of principal payments due to customer financial difficulties. In order to determine whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, an evaluation is performed of the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification. This evaluation is performed under the Company’s loan policy. Loans accounted for as TDR are individually evaluated for impairment. The following table presents loans by class modified as TDR that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2019 (in thousands). There were no TDR identified during the years ended December 31, 2018 or 2017. Year Ended December 31, 2019 Number of contracts Pre modification outstanding recorded investment Post modification outstanding recorded investment, net of related allowance Commercial real estate 1 $ 1,228 $ 1,228 Consumer real estate — — — Construction and land development — — — Commercial and industrial 1 271 271 Consumer — — — Other — — — Total 2 $ 1,499 $ 1,499 There were no TDR for which there was a payment default within the twelve months following the modification during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 or 2017. A loan is considered to be in payment default once it is 30 days contractually past due under the modified terms. Acquired Loans On October 1, 2018, the Company acquired Athens (see Note 2 for more information). As a result of the acquisition, the Company recorded loans with a fair value of $344.8 million. Of those loans, $1.7 million were considered to be purchased credit impaired (“PCI”) loans, which are loans for which it is probable at the acquisition date that all contractually required payments will not be collected. The remaining loans are considered to be purchased non-impaired loans and their related fair value discount or premium is recognized as an adjustment to yield over the remaining life of each loan. The following table relates to acquired Athens PCI loans and summarizes the contractually required payments, which includes principal and interest, expected cash flows to be collected, and the fair value of acquired PCI loans at the acquisition date (in thousands): Athens Bancshares acquisition on October 1, 2018 Contractually required payments $ 3,151 Nonaccretable difference (1,049 ) Cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition 2,102 Accretable yield (436 ) Fair value of PCI loans at acquisition date $ 1,666 The following table relates to acquired Athens purchased non-impaired loans and provides the contractually required payments, fair value, and estimate of contractual cash flows not expected to be collected at the acquisition date (in thousands): Athens Bancshares acquisition on October 1, 2018 Contractually required payments $ 404,692 Fair value of acquired loans at acquisition date 343,167 Contractual cash flows not expected to be collected 1,807 The following table presents changes in the carrying value of PCI loans (in thousands): For the year ended December 31, 2019 Balance at beginning of period $ 1,620 Change due to payments received and accretion (15 ) Change due to loan charge-offs — Other — Balance at end of period $ 1,605 The following table presents changes in the accretable yield for PCI loans (in thousands): For the year ended December 31, 2019 Balance at beginning of period $ 440 Accretion (570 ) Reclassification from (to) nonaccretable difference 1,045 Other, net — Balance at end of period $ 915 PCI loans had no impact on the ALL for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 or 2017. Leases The Company has entered into various direct finance leases. The leases are reported as part of other loans. The lease terms vary from five years to six years. The components of the direct financing leases as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows (in thousands): December 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Total minimum lease payments receivable $ 59 $ 379 Less: Unearned income (1 ) (19 ) Net leases $ 58 $ 360 The future minimum lease payments receivable under the direct financing leases as of December 31, 2019 were as follows (in thousands): Year ending December 31: 2020 $ 58 2021 — 2022 — 2023 — 2024 — $ 58 |