| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (a) Basis of presentation The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). (b) Principles of consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of ZTO, its subsidiaries and VIE. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated on consolidation. The Company evaluates the need to consolidate its VIE of which the Company is the primary beneficiary. In determining whether the Company is the primary beneficiary, the Company considers if the Company (1) has power to direct the activities that most significantly affects the economic performance of the VIE, and (2) The obligation to absorb losses of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. If deemed the primary beneficiary, the Company consolidates the VIE. Consolidation of Variable Interest Entity Applicable PRC laws and regulations currently limit foreign ownership of companies that provide delivery services in the PRC. The Company is deemed a foreign legal person under PRC laws and accordingly subsidiaries owned by the Company are ineligible to engage in provisions of delivery services. To provide the Company effective control over its variable interest entity, ZTO Express Co., Ltd. (“ZTO Express”) and receive substantially all of the economic benefits of ZTO Express, the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, Shanghai Zhongtongji Network Technology Ltd. (“WFOE”) entered into a series of contractual arrangements, described below, with ZTO Express and its individual shareholders. The agreements that provide the Company effective control over the VIE include: Voting Rights Proxy Agreements & Irrevocable Powers of Attorney Under which each shareholder of ZTO Express has executed a power of attorney to grant WFOE the power of attorney to act on his or her behalf on all matters pertaining ZTO Express and to exercise all of his or her rights as a shareholder of ZTO Express, including but not limited to convening, attending and voting at shareholders' meetings, designating and appointing directors and senior management members. The voting rights proxy agreement will remain in force for an unlimited term, unless all the parties to the agreement mutually agree to terminate the agreement in writing. 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) (b) Principles of consolidation (Continued) Consolidation of Variable Interest Entity (Continued) Exclusive Call Option Agreements Under which the shareholders of ZTO Express granted WFOE or its designated representative(s) an irrevocable and exclusive option to purchase their equity interests in ZTO Express when and to the extent permitted by PRC law. WFOE or its designated representative(s) has sole discretion as to when to exercise such options, either in part or in full. Without WFOE’s written consent, the shareholders of ZTO Express shall not transfer, donate, pledge, or otherwise dispose any equity interests of ZTO Express in any way. The acquisition price for the shares or assets will be the minimum amount of consideration permitted under the PRC law at the time when the option is exercised. The exclusive call option agreement will remain effective until all equity interests in ZTO Express and all assets of ZTO Express are transferred or assigned to WFOE or its designated entity or person. Equity Pledge Agreements Under which the shareholders of ZTO Express pledged all of their equity interests in ZTO Express to WFOE as collateral to secure their obligations under the VIE contractual arrangements. If the shareholders of ZTO Express or ZTO Express breach their respective contractual obligations, WFOE, as pledgee, will be entitled to certain rights, including the right to dispose the pledged equity interests. Pursuant to the agreements, the shareholders of ZTO Express shall not transfer, assign or otherwise create any new encumbrance on their respective equity interest in ZTO Express without prior written consent of WFOE. The equity pledge agreements will remain effective until ZTO Express and its shareholders have completed all of their obligations under the VIE contractual arrangements or discharged all of their obligations under the contractual arrangements. The agreement that transfers economic benefits to the Company is: Exclusive Consulting and Services Agreement Under which ZTO Express engages WFOE as its exclusive technical and operational consultant and under which WFOE agrees to assist in business development and related services necessary to conduct ZTO Express's operational activities. ZTO Express shall not seek or accept similar services from other providers without the prior written approval of WFOE. ZTO Express agrees to pay WFOE an annual service fee, at an amount equal to 100% of the net income of ZTO Express. This agreement will remain effective for an unlimited term, unless WFOE and ZTO Express mutually agree to terminate the agreement in writing, or the agreement is required to be terminated by applicable PRC law. Under the above agreements, the shareholders of ZTO Express irrevocably granted WFOE the power to exercise all voting rights to which they were entitled. In addition, WFOE has the option to acquire all of the equity interests in ZTO Express, to the extent permitted by the then-effective PRC laws and regulations, for nominal consideration. Finally, WFOE is entitled to receive service fees for services provided to ZTO Express. 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) (b) Principles of consolidation (Continued) Consolidation of Variable Interest Entity (Continued) The Call Option Agreements and Voting Rights Proxy Agreements provide the Company with effective control over the VIE, while the Equity Interest Pledge Agreements secure the obligations of the shareholders of ZTO Express under the relevant agreements. Because the Company, through WFOE, has (i) the power to direct the activities of ZTO Express that most significantly affect the entity’s economic performance and (ii) the right to receive substantially all of the benefits from ZTO Express, the Company is deemed the primary beneficiary of ZTO Express. Accordingly, the Company consolidates the ZTO Express’s financial results of operations, assets and liabilities in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company believes that the contractual arrangements with the VIE are in compliance with the PRC law and are legally enforceable. However, the contractual arrangements are subject to risks and uncertainties, including: ● revoking the business licenses and/or operating licenses of such entities; ● discontinuing or placing restrictions or onerous conditions on the Company’s operation through any transactions between the Company’s PRC subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities; ● imposing fines, confiscating the income from PRC subsidiaries or consolidated affiliated entities, or imposing other requirements with which such entities may not be able to comply; ● requiring the Company to restructure its ownership structure or operations, including terminating the contractual arrangements with its variable interest entity and deregistering the equity pledges of its variable interest entity, which in turn would affect the Company’s ability to consolidate, derive economic interests from, or exert effective control over its variable interest entity, or ● restricting or prohibiting the Company’s use of the proceeds from its securities offerings to finance its business and operations in China. ● restricting or prohibiting the Company's future capital raising activities by the China Securities Regulatory Commission. 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) (b) Principles of consolidation (Continued) Consolidation of Variable Interest Entity (Continued) The amounts and balances of ZTO Express and its subsidiaries (the “VIE”) after the elimination of intercompany balances and transactions within the VIE are presented in the following table: As of December 31, 2022 2023 RMB RMB Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents 2,752,475 2,808,795 Restricted cash — 117,324 Accounts receivable, net 621,395 359,207 Financing receivables, net 847,054 955,424 Short-term investment 270,345 548,273 Inventories 28,151 20,405 Advances to suppliers 51,550 82,252 Prepayments and other current assets 1,197,862 2,109,425 Amounts due from related parties (1) 6,580,240 10,579,479 Total current assets 12,349,072 17,580,584 Investments in equity investees 343,692 252,265 Property and equipment, net 5,916,022 5,928,466 Land use rights, net 1,217,531 1,234,585 Operating lease right-of-use assets 706,810 635,647 Goodwill 4,157,111 4,157,111 Deferred tax assets 436,558 300,761 Long-term investment 699,885 500,000 Long-term financing receivables, net 1,128,807 891,191 Other non-current assets 382,449 134,678 TOTAL ASSETS 27,337,937 31,615,288 Liabilities Current liabilities: Short-term bank borrowings 5,394,423 7,365,990 Accounts payable 1,607,764 1,892,652 Advances from customers 1,355,910 1,709,101 Income tax payable 165,973 198,294 Amounts due to related parties 39,770 197,021 Operating lease liabilities, current 216,799 181,275 Other current liabilities 4,908,777 4,430,580 Total current liabilities 13,689,416 15,974,913 Non-current operating lease liabilities 422,629 424,311 Deferred tax liabilities 92,344 81,971 TOTAL LIABILITIES 14,204,389 16,481,195 (1) Included amounts due from other consolidated subsidiaries of RMB6,554,502 and RMB10,556,052 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) (b) Principles of consolidation (Continued) Consolidation of Variable Interest Entity (Continued) Year ended December 31, 2021 2022 2023 RMB RMB RMB Total revenue 29,721,135 31,981,790 31,276,014 Net income (1) 1,237,524 2,453,641 2,003,952 Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities (2) 976,290 805,413 (1,261,654) Net cash used in investing activities (877,285) (1,521,688) (536,180) Net cash provided by financing activities 55,212 2,537,808 1,971,478 Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents 154,217 1,821,533 173,644 Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year 776,725 930,942 2,752,475 Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year 930,942 2,752,475 2,926,119 (1) Included inter-company transportation fees, service fees and rental fees charged by other consolidated subsidiaries of RMB 14,967,293, RMB 14,587,084 and RMB 13,984,286 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. (2) Included inter-company operating cash outflow of RMB15,973,616, RMB20,739,098 and RMB17,985,836 to other consolidated subsidiaries for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. After all eliminations of intercompany transactions with other consolidated subsidiaries, the VIE contributed 97.7%, 90.4% and 81.4% of the Company’s consolidated revenues for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the VIE accounted for an aggregate of 26.5% and 35.7%, respectively, of the consolidated assets, and 59.1% and 58.5%, respectively, of the consolidated liabilities. There are no terms in any arrangements, considering both explicit arrangements and implicit variable interests that require the Company to provide financial support to the VIE. However, if the VIE was ever to need financial support, the Company may, at its option and subject to statutory limits and restrictions, provide financial support to its VIE through loans to the shareholders of the VIE or entrustment loans to the VIE. The Company believes that there are no assets held in the consolidated VIE that can be used only to settle obligations of the VIE, except for paid-in capital, additional paid-in capital and statutory reserves. As the consolidated VIE is incorporated as a limited liability company under the PRC Company Law, creditors of the VIE do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company for any of the liabilities of the consolidated VIE. Relevant PRC laws and regulations restrict the VIE from transferring a portion of their net assets, equivalent to the balance of its registered capital and statutory reserves, to the Company in the form of loans and advances or cash dividends. Please refer to Note 23 for disclosure of restricted net assets. 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) (c) Use of estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from these estimates. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and other relevant factors. (d) Foreign currency translation The Company’s reporting currency is Renminbi (“RMB”). The functional currency of the Company and subsidiaries incorporated outside the mainland China is the United States dollar (“US dollar” or “US$”) or Hong Kong dollar (“HKD”). The functional currency of all the other subsidiaries and the VIE is RMB. Transactions denominated in currencies other than functional currency are translated into functional currency at the exchange rates quoted by authoritative banks prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Foreign currency denominated financial assets and liabilities are re-measured at the balance sheet date exchange rate. Exchange gains and losses resulting from those foreign currency transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are recorded in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The financial statements of the Company are translated from the functional currency into RMB. Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into RMB using the applicable exchange rates at the balance sheet date. Equity accounts other than earnings generated in current period are translated into RMB at the appropriate historical rates. Revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translated into RMB at the average rates of exchange for the year. The resulting foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income as a component of shareholders’ equity. (e) Convenience translation The Company’s business is primarily conducted in the PRC and almost all of the Company’s revenues are denominated in RMB. However, periodic reports made to shareholders will include current period amounts translated into US dollars using the then current exchange rates, solely for the convenience of the readers outside the PRC. Translations of the consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of comprehensive income and consolidated statements of cash flows from RMB into US dollars as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 were calculated at the rate of US$1.00=RMB7.0999, representing the noon buying rate set forth in the H.10 statistical release of the U.S. Federal Reserve Board on December 29, 2023. No representation was made that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be, converted, realized or settled into US$ at that rate on December 31, 2023, or at any other rate. (f) Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and highly liquid investments which are unrestricted as to withdrawal or use, and which have maturities of three months or less when purchased. (g) Restricted cash Restricted cash represents secured deposits held in designated bank accounts for issuance of bank acceptance notes, settlement of derivatives and commencement of construction. (h) Accounts receivable, net Accounts receivable mainly consists of amount due from the Company’s customers, which is recorded net of allowance for credit losses. 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) (i) Short-term and long-term investment Short-term investment primarily comprises of interest rate swaps, dual currency notes/deposits (“DCN/DCD”), time deposits with maturities between three months and one year, and investments in wealth management products with variable interest rates. Long-term investment comprises of time deposits and investments in wealth management products with maturities more than one year. DCN/DCD and interest rate swaps purchased by the Company to earn interest and manage foreign currency risks are structured products offered by financial institutions with original maturities less than one year and written foreign exchange options embedded. The Company classifies its investments as held-to-maturity securities when the Company expects to receive all the principals and has the positive intent and ability to hold them to maturity. The Company elects the fair value option to record all other investments in accordance with ASC 825 Financial Instruments. The fair values of the investments are measured based on market-based redemption prices which are level 2 inputs provided by the selling banks. Changes in fair value of the investments are recorded as gain or loss from fair value changes of financial instruments in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. RMB900,000 and RMB1,300,000 of short-term and long-term investments were used as collaterals to issue bank acceptance draft as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. The Company utilized a forward-looking CECL model to assess the credit loss of financial instruments measured at amortized cost. Based upon the Company’s assessment of various factors, including historical experience, credit quality of the related financial institutions, and other factors that may affect its ability to collect the short-term and long-term investment, the Company determined there were no credit losses for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023. The Company recorded interest income from the held-to maturity investments of RMB212,713, RMB209,061 and RMB399,689, and gain from fair value changes of investments carried at fair value of RMB40,076, RMB70,437 and RMB186,914 in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022, and 2023, respectively. (j) Foreign exchange options and forward contracts The Company entered into certain foreign exchange options and forward contracts to protect against volatility of future cash flows caused by the changes in foreign exchange rates. The foreign exchange options and forward contracts are accounted for as derivatives and measured at fair value at each period end. The fair values of foreign exchange options and forward contracts are measured based on market-based redemption prices which are level 2 inputs provided by the bank that sells such foreign exchange options and forward contracts. The changes in fair value are recognized as gain or loss in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Depending on the terms of the specific derivative instruments and market conditions, the Company’s derivative instruments may be reflected as assets or liabilities at any particular point in time and recorded within prepayments and other current assets or other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company recorded a net gain of RMB12,833, a net loss of RMB24,191 and a net loss of RMB22,397 from fair value changes related to foreign exchange options and forward contracts in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31,2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) (k) Fair value Fair value is considered to be the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. Authoritative literature provides a fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The level in the hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement as follows: Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data. Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities. The short-term financial instruments, which consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, financing receivable, time deposits and wealth management products recorded in short-term investments, amounts due from related parties, other current assets, accounts payable, amounts due to related parties, short-term bank borrowings, notes payable and other current liabilities, except for the financial instruments measured at fair value and presented in the following table, are recorded at costs less credit loss allowance when applicable, which approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments. The carrying values of non-current restricted cash, long-term financing receivables and long-term investment approximate their fair values as their interest rates are comparable to the prevailing interest rates in the market. The Company measures at fair value its financial assets and liabilities by using a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, wealth management products, DCN/DCD, interest rate swap and derivative instruments are measured and recorded at fair value initially and on a recurring basis in periods subsequent to their initial recognition and are as follows: As of December 31, Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) 2022 2023 RMB RMB Short-term investments DCN/DCD and interest rate swap 835,896 299,106 Wealth management products 4,077,716 3,279,813 Long-term investments Wealth management products 1,653,276 69,629 Derivative liabilities recorded within other current liabilities Foreign exchange option contracts 31,155 44,521 Foreign exchange forward contracts 1,754 13,967 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) (k) Fair value (Continued) The Company measures an equity method investment at fair value on a nonrecurring basis when it is deemed to be impaired. The fair value of the investment is determined based on valuation techniques using the best information available, which may include future performance projections, discount rate and other assumptions that are significant to the measurements of fair value. An impairment charge to the investment is recorded when the carrying amount of the investment exceeds its fair value and this condition is determined to be other-than-temporary.The impairment of equity method investments was nil, RMB4,559 and nil during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. The carrying values of the Company’s equity investments without readily determinable fair values are measured at cost, less any impairment, plus and minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments. The Company recognized impairment losses of nil, RMB21,769 and nil related to equity investments without readily determinable fair values for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively (Note 8). Certain non-financial assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, including property, plant, and equipment, right-of-use assets, goodwill and intangible assets and they are recorded at fair value only when impairment is recognized by applying unobservable inputs such as forecasted financial performance, discount rate, and other significant assumptions to the discounted cash flow valuation methodology. (l) Financing receivables, net The Company provides financial services to its network partners with credit terms generally ranging from three months to three years. The balances reported in the consolidated balance sheets were at the outstanding principal amount less allowance of credit losses. The accrued interest receivables are also included in financing receivables as of the balance sheet date. The Company developed a forward looking CECL model based on the conditions of collaterals and guarantees for financing receivables, historical experiences, credit quality of the borrowers, current economic conditions and the borrowers’ operating results, forecasts of future economic conditions, and other factors that may affect its ability to collect from the borrowers. RMB58,768 and RMB93,185 of allowance of credit losses relating to short-term financing receivables, and RMB40,340 and RMB56,863 relating to long-term financing receivables were recorded as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively. The expected credit loss recognized for financing receivables was RMB19,703, RMB35,515 and RMB50,940 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. Interest income generated from the financing receivables was recorded as revenue in the amounts of RMB183,709, RMB168,395, and RMB146,096 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. (m) Property and equipment, net Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the following estimated useful lives: Leasehold improvements Lesser of lease term or estimated useful life of 3 years Furniture, office and electric equipment 3 to 5 years Machinery and equipment 10 years Vehicles 5-10 years Buildings 20 years 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) (n) Intangible assets Intangible assets include customer relationship acquired in a business combination which are recognized initially at fair value at the date of acquisition and are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization of customer relationship is computed using the straight-line method over 10 years. The useful life of customer relationship was estimated to be 10 years based on the nature of the customer base and average attrition rate. (o) Investments in equity investees Investments in equity investees of the Company are comprised of investments in privately-held companies. The Company uses the equity method to account for an equity investment over which it has significant influence but does not own a majority equity interest or otherwise control. The Company records equity method adjustments in share of profits and losses. Equity method adjustments include the Company’s proportionate share of investee income or loss, impairments, and other adjustments required by the equity method. Dividends received are recorded as a reduction of carrying amount of the investment. Cumulative distributions that do not exceed the Company’s cumulative equity in earnings of the investee are considered as a return on investment and classified as cash inflows from operating activities. Cumulative distributions in excess of the Company’s cumulative equity in the investee’s earnings are considered as a return of investment and classified as cash inflows from investing activities. The Company continually reviews equity method investments to determine whether a decline in fair value to below the carrying value is other-than-temporary. The primary factors the Company considers in determination are the duration and severity of the decline in fair value; the financial condition, operating performance and the prospects of the equity investee; and other company specific information such as recent rounds of financing. If the decline in fair value is deemed to be other-than-temporary, the carrying value of the equity investment is written down to fair value. The Company’s equity investments without readily determinable fair values, which do not qualify for net asset value (“NAV”) practical expedient and over which the Company does not have the ability to exercise significant influence through the investments in common stock or in substance common stock, are accounted for under the measurement alternative in accordance with Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-01 “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Liabilities” (the “Measurement Alternative”). Under the Measurement Alternative, the carrying value is measured at cost, less any impairment, plus and minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments. (p) Impairment of long-lived assets The Company evaluates the recoverability of long-lived assets with determinable useful lives whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an asset’s carrying amount may not be recoverable. Impairment exists when the sum of the expected future net cash flows is less than the carrying value of the asset being evaluated. Impairment loss is calculated as the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds its fair value. Fair value is estimated based on various valuation techniques and significant assumptions such as future cash flows over the life of the asset being evaluated. These assumptions require significant judgment and may differ from actual results. The Company recognizes such asset at the lower of carrying value or fair market value less costs to sell, as estimated based on comparable asset sales, offers received, or a discounted cash flow model. The Company recorded impairment charges of nil, nil and RMB76,616, related to property and equipment that were expected to be disposed of before the end of their estimated useful lives for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. Impairment losses are recorded in other operating income, net in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued) (q) Goodwill Goodwill is recognized for the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets of business acquired. Several factors give rise to goodwill in the Company’s acquisitions, such as the expected benefit from synergies of the combination and the existing workforce of the acquired businesses. Unless circumstances otherwise indicate, goodwill is reviewed annually at December 31 for impairment. In evaluation of goodwill impairment, the Company performs a qualitative assessment to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. Based on the qualitative assessment, if it is more likely than not that the fair value is less than the carrying amount, the Company performs a quantitative assessment to identify goodwill impairment and measure the amount of a goodwill impairment loss to be recognized. The impairment test is performed as of year-end or if events or circumstances changes indicate that it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired. The Company had two reporting units, the express delivery business and the freight forwarding business, for purposes of allocating and testing goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023. The Company conducted qualitative assessment to determine whether it is necessary to perform a quantitative goodwill impairment test. In assessing the qualitative factors, the Company co |
