| Significant Accounting Policies | Note 2 — Significant Accounting Policies:
Cash, cash equivalents and Restricted cash — Interest-bearing deposits that are highly liquid investments and have a maturity of three months or less when purchased are included in cash and cash equivalents. Restricted cash of $37,714 and $10,579 as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, represents legally restricted cash relating to the 2017 Debt Facilities. Such restricted cash reserves are included in the non-current assets section of the consolidated balance sheet. The 2017 Debt Facilities stipulate that net cash proceeds of any INSW asset sale or casualty event exceeding $5,000 , are restricted and required to be reinvested in fixed or capital assets within twelve months of such sale or casualty event or used to repay the principal balance outstanding on the 2017 Debt Facilities.
Concentration of Credit Risk — Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk are voyage receivables due from charterers and pools in which the Company participates. During the three months periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company did not have any individual customers who accounted for 10% or more of its revenues apart from the pools in which it participates. The pools in which the Company participates accounted in aggregate for 96% and 89% of consolidated voyage receivables at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
Deferred finance charges — Finance charges, excluding original issue discount, incurred in the arrangement and / or amendments resulting in the modification of debt are deferred and amortized to interest expense on either an effective interest method or straight-line basis over the life of the related debt. Unamortized deferred finance charges of $518 relating to the 2017 Revolver Facility are included in other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2018. Unamortized deferred financing charges of $21,858 relating to the 2017 Term Loan Facility and $23,626 relating to the 2017 Term Loan Facility and the 2017 Revolver Facility are included in long-term debt in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Interest expense relating to the amortization of deferred financing charges amounted to $656 and $1,936 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Revenue and expense recognition — On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the provisions of ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606) . The guidance provides a unified model to determine how revenue is recognized. In doing so, the Company makes judgments includ ing identifying performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price, and allocating the transaction price to each performance obligation. Revenues are recognized to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company’s contract revenues consist of revenues from time charters, bareboat charters, voyage charters and pool revenues.
Revenues from time charters are accounted for as fixed rate operating leases with an embedded technical management service component and are recognized ratably over the rental periods of such charters. B areboat charters are accounted for as operating leases and the associated revenue is recognized ratably over the rental periods of such charters.
Voyage charter s contain a lease component if the contract (i) specifies a specific vessel asset; and (ii) has terms that allow the charterer to exercise substantive decision-making rights, which have an economic value to the charterer and therefore allow the charterer to direct how and for what purpose the vessel is used. Voyage charter revenues and expenses are recognized ratably over the estimated length of each voyage. For a voyage charter which contains a lease component, revenue and expenses are recognized based on a lease commencement-to-discharge basis and the lease commencement date is the lat t er of discharge of the previous cargo or voyage charter contract signing . For voyage charter s that do not have a lease component, revenue and expenses are recognized based on a load-to-discharge basis. Accordingly, voyage expenses incurred during a vessel’s positioning voyage to a load port in order to serve a customer under a voyage charter not containing a lease are considered costs to fulfill a contract and are deferred and recognized ratably over the load-to-discharge portion of the contract.
Under voyage charters, expenses such as fuel, port charges, canal tolls, cargo handling operations and brokerage commissions are paid by the Company whereas, under time and bareboat charters, such voyage costs are paid by the Company’s customers.
For the Company’s vessels operating in pools, revenues and voyage expenses are pooled and allocated to each pool’s participants on a time charter equivalent (“TCE”) basis in accordance with an agreed-upon formula. Accordingly, the Company accounts for its agreements with commercial pools as variable rate operating leases with an embedded technical management service component. For the pools in which the Company participates, management monitors, among other things, the relative proportion of the Company’s vessels operating in each of the pools to the total number of vessels in each of the respective pools, and assesses whether or not the Company’s participation interest in each of the pools is sufficiently significant so as to determine that the Company has effective control of the pool.
In determining the appropriate amount of revenue to be recognized as it fulfills its obligations under its agreements, the Company performs the following steps: (i) identification of the promised goods or services in the contract; (ii) determination of whether the promised goods or services are performance obligations , including whether they are distinct in the context of the contract; (iii) measurement of the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations based on estimated selling prices; and (v) recognition of revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies each performance obligation.
As the Company’s performance obligations are services which are received and consumed by its customers as it performs such services , revenues are recognized over time proportionate to the days elapsed since the service commencement compared to the total days anticipated to complete the service. The minimum duration of services is less than one year for each of the Company’s current contracts .
D emurrage earned during a voyage charter represents variable consideration . T he Company estimates demurrage at contract inception using either the expected value or most likely amount approaches. Such estimate is reviewed and updated over the term of the voyage charter contract.
The Company has elected the practical expedient to expense costs to obtain a contract with a customer (e.g. broker commissions) as incurred rather than defer and amortize such costs as the amortization period would be expected to be one year or less.
See Note 14, “Revenue,” for additional disclosures on revenue recognition and the impact of adopting ASC 606 on January 1, 2018.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards — In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01 , Business Combinations (ASC 805), which revises the definition of a business and puts in place a new framework to assist entities in evaluating whether an acquired set of assets and activities should be accounted for as an acquisition of a business or as a group of assets. Under the current business combinations guidance, there are three elements of a business: inputs, processes, and outputs. The new framework adds an initial screen to determine if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single asset or group of similar assets. If that screen is met, the set is not a business. The new framework also specifies the minimum required inputs and processes necessary to be a business. It removes the need to consider a market participant’s ability to replace missing elements when all of the inputs or processes that the seller used in operating a business were not obtained. What qualifies as an input and process remains substantially the same as in the prior guidance. While processes would typically be documented, the guidance clarifies that the intellectual capacity of an organized workforce could also qualify as a process. Administrative systems (e.g., billing, payroll) are typically not considered processes that significantly contribute to the creation of outputs. The new guidance narrows the definition of “outputs” to be consistent with how they are described in ASC 606. As a result, fewer sets will be considered to have outputs. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 31, 2017 and interim periods within that reporting period. Upon adoption of this standard, the Company concluded that the planned acquisition of six VLCC tankers (see Note 17 , “ Subsequent Events ”) should be accounted for as an acquisition of a group of assets as substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets to be acquired will be concentrated in vessel assets.
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (ASC 718), which provides guidance in regards to a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award. An entity is required to account for the effects of a modification unless all the following are met: (1) the fair value of the modified award is the same as the fair value of the original award immediately before the original award is modified; (2) the vesting conditions of the modified award are the same as the vesting conditions of the original award immediately before the original award is modified; (3) the classification of the modified award as an equity instrument or a liability instrument is the same as the classification of the original award immediately before the original award is modified. The guidance is to be applied prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 31, 2017 and interim periods within that reporting period. The adoption of this accounting policy had no impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements since there were no stock award modification s during the three months ended March 31, 2018.
In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost (ASC 715), which requires that an employer classify and report the service cost component in the same line item or items in the statement of operations as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period and disclose by line item in the statement of operations the amount of net benefit cost that is included in the statement of operations. The other components of net benefit cost would be presented in the statement of operations separately from the service cost component and outside the subtotal of income from operations. The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 31, 2017. The standard requires application using a retrospective transition method and allows a practical expedient that permits an employer to use the amounts disclosed in its pension and other postretirement benefit plan note for the prior comparative periods as the estimation basis for applying the retrospective presentation requirements. The adoption of this accounting standard resulted in the reclassification o f $118 of net actuarial gains and $202 of benefit obligation interest costs from the general and administrative expense line to t he other income and interest expense lines, respectively, on the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017 . Net periodic pension costs comprised of $171 of net actuarial gains and $196 of benefit obligation interest costs, are included in the other income and interest expense lines, respectively, on the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018.
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (ASC 230): Restricted Cash , which requires that amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 31, 2017 and interim periods within that reporting period. The adoption of this accounting standard resulted in the inclusion of restricted cash of $10,579 at December 31, 2017 in the beginning-of-period amounts shown on the statement of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2018 .
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (ASC 230), which amends the guidance in ASC 230 on the classification of certain cash receipts and payments in the statement of cash flows. The primary purpose of the ASU is to reduce the diversity in practice that has resulted from the lack of consistent principles on this topic with respect to (1) debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs; (2) settlement of zero-coupon debt; (3) contingent consideration payments made after a business combination; (4) proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims; (5) proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies; (6) distributions received from equity method investees; (7) beneficial interests in securitization transactions; and (8) separately identifiable cash flows and application of the predominance principle. The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 31, 2017. The guidance requires application using a retrospective transition method. We adopted the standard for classification of distributions received from equity method investees using the cumulative equity earnings approach, which required the retrospective reclassification of distributions received from certain affiliated companies accounted for by the equity method, from investing activities to operating activities. As a result, $2,488 of the total distributions of $8,700 received from certain affiliated companies accounted for by the equity method during the three months ended March 31, 2018 is presented as a cash inflow from investing activities while the balance of $6,212 is presented as a cash inflow from operating activities. There were no comparable cash distributions from equity method investees during the three months ended March 31, 2017. In addition, the adoption of this accounting standard resulted in the separate line presentation of $1,061 and $5 of insurance proceeds received for various claims arising from the normal operations of our vessel fleet, in the operating activities section of the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively .
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606), a standard that supersedes virtually all of the existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP. The standard establishes a five-step model that applies to revenue earned from a contract with a customer. The standard’s requirements also apply to the sale of some non-financial assets that are not part of an entity’s ordinary activities (e.g., sales of property or plant and equipment). Extensive disclosures are required, including disaggregation of total revenue, information about performance obligations, changes in contract asset and liability account balances between periods and key judgments and estimates. The FASB has issued several amendments to the standard, including clarification of the accounting for licenses of intellectual property and identifying performance obligations. The guidance permits two methods of adoption: retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (full retrospective method), or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance recognized at the date of initial application (the cumulative catch-up transition method). The new standard is effective for us beginning January 1, 2018 and we adopted the standard using the cumulative catch-up transition method. See Note 14, “Revenue,” for further information.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards — In September 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-13, Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to the Staff Announcement at the July 20, 2017 EITF Meeting and Rescission of Prior SEC Staff Announcements and Observer Comments , which allows certain public business entities (“PBEs”) that otherwise would not meet the definition of a public business entity except for a requirement to include its financial statements or financial information in another entity’s filings with the SEC, to elect to use non-PBE transition dates for the sole purpose of adopting ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (ASC 842), and ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606). Accordingly, all financial statements or financial information of the Company’s FSO and LNG joint ventures that may be included in the Company’s filings with the SEC pursuant to SEC Regulation S-X Rule 4-08(g), Summarized Financial Information of Subsidiaries Not Consolidated and 50 Percent or Less Owned Persons, and/or SEC Regulation S-X Rule 3-09, Separate Financial Statements of Subsidiaries Not Consolidated and 50 Percent or Less Owned Persons, will likely not reflect the adoptions of ASC 606 and ASC 842 until January 1, 2019 and January 1, 2020, respectively.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (ASC 842), which requires lessees to recognize most leases on the balance sheet. This is expected to increase both reported assets and liabilities. The standard will be effective for the first interim reporting period within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, although early adoption is permitted. Lessees and lessors will be required to apply the new standard at the beginning of the earliest period presented in the financial statements in which they first apply the new guidance, using a modified retrospective transition method. The requirements of this standard include a significant increase in required disclosures. Management is analyzing the impact of the adoption of this guidance on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, including assessing changes that might be necessary to information technology systems, processes and internal controls to capture new data and address changes in financial reporting. Management expects that the Company will recognize increases in reported amounts for property, plant and equipment and related lease liabilities upon adoption of the new standard.
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