FILED PURSUANT TO RULE 424(h) | ||
REGISTRATION FILE NO.: 333-206677-07 | ||
The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
This preliminary prospectus, dated August 1, 2016, may be amended or completed prior to time of sale.
$729,853,000 (Approximate)
WELLS FARGO COMMERCIAL MORTGAGE TRUST 2016-BNK1
(Central Index Key Number 0001679420)
as Issuing Entity
Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Securities, Inc.
(Central Index Key Number 0000850779)
as Depositor
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association
(Central Index Key Number 0000740906)
Bank of America, National Association
(Central Index Key Number 0001102113)
Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC
(Central Index Key Number 0001541557)
as Sponsors and Mortgage Loan Sellers
Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2016-BNK1
Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Securities, Inc. is offering certain classes of the Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2016-BNK1 consisting of the certificate classes identified in the table below. The certificates being offered by this prospectus (and the non-offered Class X-D, Class X-E, Class X-F, Class X-G, Class D, Class E, Class F, Class G, Class V and Class R certificates and the RRI interest) represent the beneficial ownership interests in the issuing entity, which will be a New York common law trust named Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1. The assets of the issuing entity will primarily consist of a pool of fixed rate commercial mortgage loans, which are generally the sole source of payments on the certificates. Credit enhancement will be provided solely by certain classes of subordinate certificates that will be subordinate to certain classes of senior certificates as described under “Description of the Certificates—Subordination; Allocation of Realized Losses”. Each class of certificates will be entitled to receive monthly distributions of interest and/or principal on the 4th business day following the 11th day of each month (or if the 11th day is not a business day, the next business day), commencing in September 2016. The rated final distribution date for the certificates is August 2049.
Class | Approximate Initial | Approximate Initial Pass-Through Rate | Pass-Through Rate Description | Assumed Final Distribution Date(3) | ||||||
Class A-1 | $ | 36,136,000 | % | (5) | August 2021 | |||||
Class A-2 | $ | 230,000,000 | % | (5) | June 2026 | |||||
Class A-3 | $ | 267,018,000 | % | (5) | July 2026 | |||||
Class A-SB | $ | 45,766,000 | % | (5) | September 2025 | |||||
Class A-S | $ | 67,197,000 | % | (5) | August 2026 | |||||
Class X-A | $ | 578,920,000 | (6) | % | Variable(7) | NAP | ||||
Class X-B | $ | 150,933,000 | (8) | % | Variable(9) | NAP | ||||
Class B | $ | 44,452,000 | % | (5) | August 2026 | |||||
Class C | $ | 39,284,000 | % | (5) | August 2026 |
(Footnotes on table on pages 3 and 4)
You should carefully consider the risk factors beginning on page 57 of this prospectus.
Neither the certificates nor the mortgage loans are insured or guaranteed by any governmental agency, instrumentality or private issuer or any other person or entity.
The certificates will represent interests in the issuing entity only. They will not represent interests in or obligations of the sponsors, depositor, any of their affiliates or any other entity.
The United States Securities and Exchange Commission and state regulators have not approved or disapproved of the offered certificates or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Securities, Inc. will not list the offered certificates on any securities exchange or on any automated quotation system of any securities association.
The issuing entity will be relying on an exclusion or exemption from the definition of “investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, contained in Section 3(c)(5) of the Investment Company Act or Rule 3a-7 under the Investment Company Act, although there may be additional exclusions or exemptions available to the issuing entity. The issuing entity is being structured so as not to constitute a “covered fund” for purposes of the Volcker Rule under the Dodd-Frank Act (both as defined in this prospectus).
The underwriters, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, Academy Securities, Inc. and Drexel Hamilton, LLC will purchase the offered certificates from Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Securities, Inc. and will offer them to the public at negotiated prices, plus, in certain cases, accrued interest, determined at the time of sale. Wells Fargo Securities, LLC is acting as a co-lead manager and joint bookrunner with respect to 39.37% of each class of offered certificates. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated is acting as a co-lead manager and joint bookrunner with respect to 35.47% of each class of offered certificates. Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC is acting as a co-lead manager and joint bookrunner with respect to 25.16% of each class of offered certificates. Academy Securities, Inc. and Drexel Hamilton, LLC are acting as co-managers.
The underwriters expect to deliver the offered certificates to purchasers in book-entry form only through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company in the United States and Clearstream Banking, société anonyme and Euroclear Bank, as operator of the Euroclear System, in Europe, against payment in New York, New York on or about August 18, 2016. Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Securities, Inc. expects to receive from this offering approximately % of the aggregate certificate balance of the offered certificates, plus accrued interest from August 1, 2016, before deducting expenses payable by the depositor.
Wells Fargo Securities | BofA Merrill Lynch | Morgan Stanley |
Co-Lead Manager and Joint Bookrunner | Co-Lead Manager and Joint Bookrunner | Co-Lead Manager and Joint Bookrunner |
Academy Securities | Drexel Hamilton | |
Co-Manager | Co-Manager |
August , 2016
Summary of Certificates
Class or | Approx. | Approx. | Approx. | Pass- | Assumed | Weighted Average Life (Years)(4) | Expected | |||||||||
Offered Certificates | ||||||||||||||||
A-1 | $ | 36,136,000 | 30.000% | % | (5) | August 2021 | 2.87 | 09/16 – 08/21 | ||||||||
A-2 | $ | 230,000,000 | 30.000% | % | (5) | June 2026 | 9.73 | 09/25 – 06/26 | ||||||||
A-3 | $ | 267,018,000 | 30.000% | % | (5) | July 2026 | 9.89 | 06/26 – 07/26 | ||||||||
A-SB | $ | 45,766,000 | 30.000% | % | (5) | September 2025 | 7.09 | 08/21 – 09/25 | ||||||||
A-S | $ | 67,197,000 | 21.875% | % | (5) | August 2026 | 9.92 | 07/26 – 08/26 | ||||||||
X-A | $ | 578,920,000 | (6) | NAP | % | Variable(7) | NAP | NAP | NAP | |||||||
X-B | $ | 150,933,000 | (8) | NAP | % | Variable(9) | NAP | NAP | NAP | |||||||
B | $ | 44,452,000 | 16.500% | % | (5) | August 2026 | 9.99 | 08/26 – 08/26 | ||||||||
C | $ | 39,284,000 | 11.750% | % | (5) | August 2026 | 9.99 | 08/26 – 08/26 | ||||||||
Non-Offered Certificates | ||||||||||||||||
X-D | $ | 39,284,000 | (10) | NAP | % | Variable(11) | NAP | NAP | NAP | |||||||
X-E | $ | 18,608,000 | (10) | NAP | % | Variable(11) | NAP | NAP | NAP | |||||||
X-F | $ | 8,271,000 | (10) | NAP | % | Variable(11) | NAP | NAP | NAP | |||||||
X-G | $ | 31,013,795 | (10) | NAP | % | Variable(11) | NAP | NAP | NAP | |||||||
D | $ | 39,284,000 | 7.000% | % | (5) | August 2026 | 9.99 | 08/26 – 08/26 | ||||||||
E | $ | 18,608,000 | 4.750% | % | (5) | August 2026 | 9.99 | 08/26 – 08/26 | ||||||||
F | $ | 8,271,000 | 3.750% | % | (5) | August 2026 | 9.99 | 08/26 – 08/26 | ||||||||
G | $ | 31,013,795 | 0.000% | % | (5) | July 2031 | 10.79 | 08/26 – 07/31 | ||||||||
V(12) | NAP | NAP | NAP | NAP | NAP | NAP | NAP | |||||||||
R(13) | NAP | NAP | NAP | NAP | NAP | NAP | NAP | |||||||||
Non-Offered Eligible Vertical Interest | ||||||||||||||||
RRI Interest | $ | 43,527,883 | NAP | % | WAC(14) | July 2031 | 9.44 | 09/16 – 07/31 |
(1) | Approximate, subject to a permitted variance of plus or minus 5%. |
(2) | The approximate initial credit support percentages set forth for the certificates are approximate and, for the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-SB certificates, are represented in the aggregate. The RRI interest provides credit support only to the limited extent that it is allocated a portion of any losses incurred on the underlying mortgage loans, which such losses are allocated between it, on the one hand, and the non-retained certificates, on the other hand, pro rata in accordance with their respective percentage allocation entitlements. See “Credit Risk Retention”. |
(3) | The assumed final distribution dates set forth in this prospectus have been determined on the basis of the assumptions described in “Description of the Certificates—Assumed Final Distribution Date; Rated Final Distribution Date”. |
(4) | The weighted average life and expected principal window during which distributions of principal would be received as set forth in the foregoing table with respect to each class of certificates having a certificate balance are based on the assumptions set forth under “Yield and Maturity Considerations—Weighted Average Life” and on the assumptions that there are no prepayments, modifications or losses in respect of the mortgage loans and that there are no extensions or forbearances of maturity dates or anticipated repayment dates of the mortgage loans. |
(5) | The pass-through rates for the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3, Class A-SB, Class A-S, Class B, Class C, Class D, Class E, Class F and Class G certificates will be one of the following: (i) a fixed rate per annum, (ii) a variable rate per annum equal to the weighted average of the net mortgage interest rates on the mortgage loans for the related distribution date, (iii) a variable rate per annum equal to the lesser of (a) a fixed rate and (b) the weighted average of the net mortgage interest rates on the mortgage loans for the related distribution date or (iv) a variable rate per annum equal to the weighted average of the net mortgage interest rates on the mortgage loans for the related distribution date minus a specified percentage. For purposes of the calculation of the weighted average of the net mortgage interest rates on the mortgage loans for each distribution date, the mortgage interest rates will be adjusted as necessary to a 30/360 basis. |
(6) | The Class X-A certificates are notional amount certificates. The notional amount of the Class X-A certificates will be equal to the aggregate certificate balance of the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-SB certificates. The Class X-A certificates will not be entitled to distributions of principal. |
(7) | The pass-through rate for the Class X-A certificates for any distribution date will be a per annum rate equal to the excess, if any, of (a) the weighted average of the net mortgage interest rates on the mortgage loans for the related distribution date, over (b) the weighted average of the pass-through rates on the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-SB certificates for the related distribution date, weighted on the basis of their respective aggregate certificate balances outstanding immediately prior to that distribution date. For purposes of the calculation of the weighted average of the net mortgage interest rates on the mortgage loans for each distribution date, the mortgage interest rates will be adjusted as necessary to a 30/360 basis. |
(8) | The Class X-B certificates are notional amount certificates. The notional amount of the Class X-B certificates will be equal to the aggregate certificate balance of the Class A-S, Class B and Class C certificates outstanding from time to time. The Class X-B certificates will not be entitled to distributions of principal. |
3
(9) | The pass-through rate for the Class X-B certificates for any distribution date will be a per annum rate equal to the excess, if any, of (a) the weighted average of the net mortgage interest rates on the mortgage loans for the related distribution date, over (b) the weighted average of the pass-through rates on the Class A-S, Class B and Class C certificates for the related distribution date, weighted on the basis of their respective aggregate certificate balances outstanding immediately prior to that distribution date. For purposes of the calculation of the weighted average of the net mortgage interest rates on the mortgage loans for each distribution date, the mortgage interest rates will be adjusted as necessary to a 30/360 basis. |
(10) | The Class X-D, Class X-E, Class X-F and Class X-G certificates are notional amount certificates. The notional amount of the Class X-D, Class X-E, Class X-F and Class X-G certificates will be equal to the respective certificate balances of the Class D, Class E, Class F and Class G certificates outstanding from time to time. The Class X-D, Class X-E, Class X-F and Class X-G certificates will not be entitled to distributions of principal. |
(11) | The pass-through rate for the Class X-D certificates for any distribution date will be a per annum rate equal to the excess, if any, of (a) the weighted average of the net mortgage interest rates on the mortgage loans for the related distribution date, over (b) the pass-through rate on the Class D certificates for the related distribution date. The pass-through rate for the Class X-E certificates for any distribution date will be a per annum rate equal to the excess, if any, of (a) the weighted average of the net mortgage interest rates on the mortgage loans for the related distribution date, over (b) the pass-through rate on the Class E certificates for the related distribution date. The pass-through rate for the Class X-F certificates for any distribution date will be a per annum rate equal to the excess, if any, of (a) the weighted average of the net mortgage interest rates on the mortgage loans for the related distribution date, over (b) the pass-through rate on the Class F certificates for the related distribution date. The pass-through rate for the Class X-G certificates for any distribution date will be a per annum rate equal to the excess, if any, of (a) the weighted average of the net mortgage interest rates on the mortgage loans for the related distribution date, over (b) the pass-through rate on the Class G certificates for the related distribution date. For purposes of the calculation of the weighted average of the net mortgage interest rates on the mortgage loans for each distribution date, the mortgage interest rates will be adjusted as necessary to a 30/360 basis. |
(12) | The Class V certificates will not have a certificate balance, notional amount, credit support, pass-through rate, assumed final distribution date, rated final distribution date or rating. The Class V certificates will only be entitled to a specified portion of distributions of excess interest accrued on the mortgage loans with an anticipated repayment date. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Certain Terms of the Mortgage Loans—ARD Loans” in this prospectus. |
(13) | The Class R certificates will not have a certificate balance, notional amount, credit support, pass-through rate, assumed final distribution date, rated final distribution date or rating. The Class R certificates represent the residual interest in each Trust REMIC as further described in this prospectus. The Class R certificates will not be entitled to distributions of principal or interest. |
(14) | The effective interest rate for the RRI interest will be the weighted average of the net mortgage interest rates on the mortgage loans for the related distribution date. |
The Class X-D, Class X-E, Class X-F, Class X-G, Class D, Class E, Class F, Class G, Class V and Class R certificates and the RRI interest are not offered by this prospectus. Any information in this prospectus concerning these certificates or the RRI interest is presented solely to enhance your understanding of the offered certificates.
4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Summary of Certificates | 3 |
Important Notice Regarding the Offered Certificates | 15 |
Important Notice About Information Presented in this Prospectus | 16 |
Summary of Terms | 23 |
Risk Factors | 57 |
The Certificates May Not Be a Suitable Investment for You | 57 |
Combination or “Layering” of Multiple Risks May Significantly Increase Risk of Loss | 57 |
Risks Related to Market Conditions and Other External Factors | 57 |
The Volatile Economy, Credit Crisis and Downturn in the Real Estate Market Have Adversely Affected and May Continue To Adversely Affect the Value of CMBS | 57 |
Other Events May Affect the Value and Liquidity of Your Investment | 58 |
Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans | 58 |
Mortgage Loans Are Non-Recourse and Are Not Insured or Guaranteed | 58 |
Risks of Commercial and Multifamily Lending Generally | 59 |
Performance of the Mortgage Loans Will Be Highly Dependent on the Performance of Tenants and Tenant Leases | 60 |
General | 60 |
A Tenant Concentration May Result in Increased Losses | 61 |
Mortgaged Properties Leased to Multiple Tenants Also Have Risks | 62 |
Mortgaged Properties Leased to Borrowers or Borrower Affiliated Entities Also Have Risks | 62 |
Tenant Bankruptcy Could Result in a Rejection of the Related Lease | 62 |
Leases That Are Not Subordinated to the Lien of the Mortgage or Do Not Contain Attornment Provisions May Have an Adverse Impact at Foreclosure | 63 |
Early Lease Termination Options May Reduce Cash Flow | 64 |
Mortgaged Properties Leased to Not-for-Profit Tenants Also Have Risks | 65 |
Office Properties Have Special Risks | 65 |
Retail Properties Have Special Risks | 66 |
Multifamily Properties Have Special Risks | 68 |
Self Storage Properties Have Special Risks | 70 |
Hotel Properties Have Special Risks | 71 |
Risks Relating to Affiliation with a Franchise or Hotel Management Company | 73 |
Mixed Use Properties Have Special Risks | 74 |
Manufactured Housing Community Properties Have Special Risks | 74 |
Industrial Properties Have Special Risks | 75 |
Condominium Ownership May Limit Use and Improvements | 76 |
Operation of a Mortgaged Property Depends on the Property Manager’s Performance | 78 |
Concentrations Based on Property Type, Geography, Related Borrowers and Other Factors May Disproportionately Increase Losses | 78 |
Adverse Environmental Conditions at or Near Mortgaged Properties May Result in Losses | 80 |
Risks Related to Redevelopment, Expansion and Renovation at Mortgaged Properties | 81 |
Some Mortgaged Properties May Not Be Readily Convertible to Alternative Uses | 82 |
Risks Related to Zoning Non-Compliance and Use Restrictions | 84 |
5
Risks Relating to Inspections of Properties | 85 |
Risks Relating to Costs of Compliance with Applicable Laws and Regulations | 86 |
Insurance May Not Be Available or Adequate | 86 |
Inadequacy of Title Insurers May Adversely Affect Distributions on Your Certificates | 87 |
Terrorism Insurance May Not Be Available for All Mortgaged Properties | 87 |
Risks Associated with Blanket Insurance Policies or Self-Insurance | 89 |
Condemnation of a Mortgaged Property May Adversely Affect Distributions on Certificates | 89 |
Limited Information Causes Uncertainty | 90 |
Historical Information | 90 |
Ongoing Information | 90 |
Underwritten Net Cash Flow Could Be Based On Incorrect or Failed Assumptions | 90 |
Frequent and Early Occurrence of Borrower Delinquencies and Defaults May Adversely Affect Your Investment | 91 |
The Mortgage Loans Have Not Been Reviewed or Re-Underwritten by Us; Some Mortgage Loans May Not Have Complied With Another Originator’s Underwriting Criteria | 92 |
Static Pool Data Would Not Be Indicative of the Performance of this Pool | 93 |
Appraisals May Not Reflect Current or Future Market Value of Each Property | 93 |
The Performance of a Mortgage Loan and Its Related Mortgaged Property Depends in Part on Who Controls the Borrower and Mortgaged Property | 95 |
The Borrower’s Form of Entity May Cause Special Risks | 95 |
A Bankruptcy Proceeding May Result in Losses and Delays in Realizing on the Mortgage Loans | 98 |
Litigation Regarding the Mortgaged Properties or Borrowers May Impair Your Distributions | 98 |
Other Financings or Ability to Incur Other Indebtedness Entails Risk | 99 |
Tenancies-in-Common May Hinder Recovery | 101 |
Risks Relating to Enforceability of Cross-Collateralization | 101 |
Risks Relating to Enforceability of Yield Maintenance Charges, Prepayment Premiums or Defeasance Provisions | 102 |
Risks Associated with One Action Rules | 102 |
State Law Limitations on Assignments of Leases and Rents May Entail Risks | 103 |
Various Other Laws Could Affect the Exercise of Lender’s Rights | 103 |
Risks of Anticipated Repayment Date Loans | 103 |
The Absence of Lockboxes Entails Risks That Could Adversely Affect Distributions on Your Certificates | 104 |
Borrower May Be Unable To Repay Remaining Principal Balance on Maturity Date or Anticipated Repayment Date; Longer Amortization Schedules and Interest-Only Provisions Increase Risk | 104 |
Risks Related to Ground Leases and Other Leasehold Interests | 105 |
Increases in Real Estate Taxes May Reduce Available Funds | 107 |
State and Local Mortgage Recording Taxes May Apply Upon a Foreclosure or Deed-in-Lieu of Foreclosure and Reduce Net Proceeds | 107 |
Risks Related to Conflicts of Interest | 108 |
Interests and Incentives of the Originators, the Sponsors and Their Affiliates May Not Be Aligned With Your Interests | 108 |
Interests and Incentives of the Underwriter Entities May Not Be Aligned With Your Interests | 110 |
Potential Conflicts of Interest of the Master Servicer and the Special Servicer | 112 |
Potential Conflicts of Interest of the Operating Advisor | 115 |
6
Potential Conflicts of Interest of the Asset Representations Reviewer | 116 |
Potential Conflicts of Interest of the Directing Certificateholder and the Companion Holders | 117 |
Potential Conflicts of Interest in the Selection of the Underlying Mortgage Loans | 119 |
Conflicts of Interest May Occur as a Result of the Rights of the Applicable Directing Certificateholder To Terminate the Special Servicer of the Applicable Whole Loan | 120 |
Other Potential Conflicts of Interest May Affect Your Investment | 121 |
Other Risks Relating to the Certificates | 121 |
The Certificates Are Limited Obligations | 121 |
The Certificates May Have Limited Liquidity and the Market Value of the Certificates May Decline | 121 |
Legal and Regulatory Provisions Affecting Investors Could Adversely Affect the Liquidity of the Offered Certificates | 122 |
EU Risk Retention and Due Diligence Requirements | 124 |
Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations May Assign Different Ratings to the Certificates; Ratings of the Certificates Reflect Only the Views of the Applicable Rating Agencies as of the Dates Such Ratings Were Issued; Ratings May Affect ERISA Eligibility; Ratings May Be Downgraded | 125 |
Your Yield May Be Affected by Defaults, Prepayments and Other Factors | 128 |
General | 128 |
The Timing of Prepayments and Repurchases May Change Your Anticipated Yield | 129 |
Your Yield May Be Adversely Affected By Prepayments Resulting From Earnout Reserves | 131 |
Losses and Shortfalls May Change Your Anticipated Yield | 131 |
Risk of Early Termination | 132 |
Subordination of the Subordinated Certificates Will Affect the Timing of Distributions and the Application of Losses on the Subordinated Certificates | 132 |
Payments Allocated to the RRI Interest or the Non-Retained Certificates Will Not Be Available to the Non-Retained Certificates or the RRI Interest, Respectively | 132 |
Your Lack of Control Over the Issuing Entity and the Mortgage Loans Can Impact Your Investment | 133 |
You Have Limited Voting Rights | 133 |
The Rights of the Directing Certificateholder, the Risk Retention Consultation Party and the Operating Advisor Could Adversely Affect Your Investment | 134 |
You Have Limited Rights to Replace the Master Servicer, the Special Servicer, the Trustee, the Certificate Administrator, the Operating Advisor or the Asset Representations Reviewer | 136 |
The Rights of Companion Holders and Mezzanine Debt May Adversely Affect Your Investment | 137 |
Risks Relating to Modifications of the Mortgage Loans | 138 |
Sponsors May Not Make Required Repurchases or Substitutions of Defective Mortgage Loans or Pay Any Loss of Value Payment Sufficient to Cover All Losses on a Defective Mortgage Loan | 139 |
Risks Relating to Interest on Advances and Special Servicing Compensation | 140 |
Bankruptcy of a Servicer May Adversely Affect Collections on the Mortgage Loans and the Ability to Replace the Servicer | 140 |
7
The Sponsors, the Depositor and the Issuing Entity Are Subject to Bankruptcy or Insolvency Laws That May Affect the Issuing Entity’s Ownership of the Mortgage Loans | 141 |
The Requirement of the Special Servicer to Obtain FIRREA-Compliant Appraisals May Result in an Increased Cost to the Issuing Entity | 142 |
Tax Matters and Changes in Tax Law May Adversely Impact the Mortgage Loans or Your Investment | 142 |
Tax Considerations Relating to Foreclosure | 142 |
REMIC Status | 143 |
Material Federal Tax Considerations Regarding Original Issue Discount | 143 |
Description of the Mortgage Pool | 143 |
General | 143 |
Certain Calculations and Definitions | 145 |
Definitions | 145 |
Mortgage Pool Characteristics | 159 |
Overview | 159 |
Property Types | 161 |
Office Properties | 161 |
Retail Properties | 162 |
Hotel Properties | 163 |
Industrial Properties | 164 |
Mixed Use Properties | 164 |
Manufactured Housing Community Properties | 165 |
Specialty Use Concentrations | 165 |
Mortgage Loan Concentrations | 166 |
Top Fifteen Mortgage Loans or Groups of Cross-Collateralized Mortgage Loans | 166 |
Cross-Collateralized Mortgage Loans; Multi-Property Mortgage Loans and Related Borrower Mortgage Loans | 167 |
Geographic Concentrations | 169 |
Mortgaged Properties With Limited Prior Operating History | 169 |
Tenancies-in-Common or Diversified Ownership | 170 |
Condominium Interests | 170 |
Fee & Leasehold Estates; Ground Leases | 171 |
Environmental Considerations | 171 |
Redevelopment, Renovation and Expansion | 174 |
Assessment of Property Value and Condition | 175 |
Litigation and Other Considerations | 175 |
Loan Purpose; Default History, Bankruptcy Issues and Other Proceedings | 176 |
Tenant Issues | 177 |
Tenant Concentrations | 177 |
Lease Expirations and Terminations | 178 |
Expirations | 178 |
Terminations | 179 |
Other | 179 |
Purchase Options and Rights of First Refusal | 180 |
Affiliated Leases | 182 |
Insurance Considerations | 183 |
Use Restrictions | 184 |
Appraised Value | 185 |
Non-Recourse Carveout Limitations | 185 |
Real Estate and Other Tax Considerations | 187 |
Delinquency Information | 188 |
Certain Terms of the Mortgage Loans | 188 |
8
Amortization of Principal | 188 |
Due Dates; Mortgage Rates; Calculations of Interest | 189 |
ARD Loans | 190 |
Prepayment Protections and Certain Involuntary Prepayments | 190 |
“Due-On-Sale” and “Due-On-Encumbrance” Provisions | 192 |
Defeasance | 193 |
Releases; Partial Releases | 194 |
Escrows | 195 |
Mortgaged Property Accounts | 196 |
Exceptions to Underwriting Guidelines | 198 |
Additional Indebtedness | 198 |
General | 198 |
Whole Loans | 199 |
Mezzanine Indebtedness | 199 |
Other Secured Indebtedness | 201 |
Other Unsecured Indebtedness | 201 |
The Whole Loans | 202 |
General | 202 |
The Serviced Pari Passu Whole Loans | 205 |
The Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan | 205 |
The One Stamford Forum Whole Loan | 208 |
The Pinnacle II Whole Loan | 212 |
The Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan | 215 |
The One Penn Center Whole Loan | 219 |
The FedEx – Atlanta, GA Whole Loan, FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Whole Loan, FedEx – Fife, WA Whole Loan and FedEx – Boulder, CO Whole Loan | 222 |
The Non-Serviced Whole Loan | 227 |
The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan | 227 |
Additional Information | 234 |
Transaction Parties | 234 |
The Sponsors and Mortgage Loan Sellers | 234 |
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association | 234 |
General | 234 |
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association’s Commercial Mortgage Securitization Program | 235 |
Wells Fargo Bank’s Commercial Mortgage Loan Underwriting | 236 |
Review of Mortgage Loans for Which Wells Fargo Bank is the Sponsor | 241 |
Compliance with Rule 15Ga-1 under the Exchange Act | 243 |
Retained Interests in This Securitization | 246 |
Bank of America, National Association | 246 |
Bank of America’s Commercial Mortgage Loan Underwriting Standards | 247 |
Review of Bank of America Mortgage Loans | 254 |
Repurchases and Replacements | 257 |
Retained Interests in This Securitization | 261 |
Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC | 261 |
Morgan Stanley Group’s Commercial Mortgage Securitization Program | 261 |
The Morgan Stanley Group’s Underwriting Standards | 263 |
Repurchases and Replacements | 271 |
Retained Interests in This Securitization | 273 |
The Depositor | 273 |
The Issuing Entity | 274 |
The Trustee | 274 |
9
The Certificate Administrator | 275 |
The Master Servicer | 278 |
The Special Servicer | 282 |
The Operating Advisor and Asset Representations Reviewer | 286 |
Credit Risk Retention | 287 |
General | 287 |
RRI Interest | 288 |
Retained Certificate Available Funds | 288 |
Priority of Distributions | 288 |
Allocation of Retained Certificate Realized Losses | 289 |
Excess Interest | 289 |
Qualifying CRE Loans | 290 |
EU Securitization Risk Retention Requirements | 290 |
Description of the Certificates | 292 |
General | 292 |
Distributions | 295 |
Method, Timing and Amount | 295 |
Available Funds | 295 |
Priority of Distributions | 297 |
Pass-Through Rates | 300 |
Interest Distribution Amount | 302 |
Principal Distribution Amount | 303 |
Certain Calculations with Respect to Individual Mortgage Loans | 305 |
Excess Interest | 307 |
Application Priority of Mortgage Loan Collections or Whole Loan Collections | 307 |
Allocation of Yield Maintenance Charges and Prepayment Premiums | 310 |
Assumed Final Distribution Date; Rated Final Distribution Date | 311 |
Prepayment Interest Shortfalls | 312 |
Subordination; Allocation of Realized Losses | 314 |
Reports to Certificateholders; Certain Available Information | 316 |
Certificate Administrator Reports | 316 |
Information Available Electronically | 323 |
Voting Rights | 328 |
Delivery, Form, Transfer and Denomination | 328 |
Book-Entry Registration | 328 |
Definitive Certificates | 332 |
Certificateholder Communication | 332 |
Access to Certificateholders’ Names and Addresses | 332 |
Requests to Communicate | 332 |
List of Certificateholders | 333 |
Description of the Mortgage Loan Purchase Agreements | 333 |
General | 333 |
Dispute Resolution Provisions | 343 |
Asset Review Obligations | 343 |
Pooling and Servicing Agreement | 343 |
General | 343 |
Assignment of the Mortgage Loans | 344 |
Servicing Standard | 344 |
Subservicing | 346 |
Advances | 347 |
P&I Advances | 347 |
Servicing Advances | 348 |
Nonrecoverable Advances | 349 |
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Recovery of Advances | 350 |
Accounts | 352 |
Withdrawals from the Collection Account | 354 |
Servicing and Other Compensation and Payment of Expenses | 357 |
General | 357 |
Master Servicing Compensation | 362 |
Special Servicing Compensation | 365 |
Disclosable Special Servicer Fees | 369 |
Certificate Administrator and Trustee Compensation | 370 |
Operating Advisor Compensation | 370 |
Asset Representations Reviewer Compensation | 371 |
CREFC® Intellectual Property Royalty License Fee | 372 |
Appraisal Reduction Amounts | 372 |
Maintenance of Insurance | 379 |
Modifications, Waivers and Amendments | 383 |
Enforcement of “Due-on-Sale” and “Due-on-Encumbrance” Provisions | 385 |
Inspections | 389 |
Collection of Operating Information | 390 |
Special Servicing Transfer Event | 390 |
Asset Status Report | 393 |
Realization Upon Mortgage Loans | 396 |
Sale of Defaulted Loans and REO Properties | 398 |
The Directing Certificateholder | 401 |
General | 401 |
Major Decisions | 403 |
Asset Status Report | 406 |
Replacement of the Special Servicer | 406 |
Control Termination Event and Consultation Termination Event | 406 |
Servicing Override | 409 |
Rights of the Directing Certificateholder with respect to Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan | 409 |
Limitation on Liability of Directing Certificateholder | 410 |
The Operating Advisor | 411 |
General | 411 |
Duties of Operating Advisor While No Control Termination Event Has Occurred and Is Continuing | 411 |
Duties of Operating Advisor While a Control Termination Event Has Occurred and Is Continuing | 412 |
Recommendation of the Replacement of the Special Servicer | 414 |
Eligibility of Operating Advisor | 415 |
Other Obligations of Operating Advisor | 415 |
Delegation of Operating Advisor’s Duties | 416 |
Termination of the Operating Advisor With Cause | 416 |
Rights Upon Operating Advisor Termination Event | 417 |
Waiver of Operating Advisor Termination Event | 418 |
Termination of the Operating Advisor Without Cause | 418 |
Resignation of the Operating Advisor | 419 |
Operating Advisor Compensation | 419 |
The Asset Representations Reviewer | 419 |
Asset Review | 419 |
Asset Review Trigger | 419 |
Asset Review Vote | 421 |
Review Materials | 421 |
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Asset Review | 422 |
Eligibility of Asset Representations Reviewer | 424 |
Other Obligations of Asset Representations Reviewer | 425 |
Delegation of Asset Representations Reviewer’s Duties | 426 |
Asset Representations Reviewer Termination Events | 426 |
Rights Upon Asset Representations Reviewer Termination Event | 427 |
Termination of the Asset Representations Reviewer Without Cause | 427 |
Resignation of Asset Representations Reviewer | 428 |
Asset Representations Reviewer Compensation | 428 |
Limitation on Liability of Risk Retention Consultation Party | 428 |
Replacement of the Special Servicer Without Cause | 429 |
Termination of the Master Servicer or Special Servicer for Cause | 432 |
Servicer Termination Events | 432 |
Rights Upon Servicer Termination Event | 433 |
Waiver of Servicer Termination Event | 435 |
Resignation of the Master Servicer or Special Servicer | 435 |
Limitation on Liability; Indemnification | 436 |
Enforcement of Mortgage Loan Seller’s Obligations Under the MLPA | 439 |
Dispute Resolution Provisions | 440 |
Certificateholder’s Rights When a Repurchase Request Is Initially Delivered by a Certificateholder | 440 |
Repurchase Request Delivered by a Party to the PSA | 440 |
Resolution of a Repurchase Request | 441 |
Mediation and Arbitration Provisions | 443 |
Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan | 444 |
Servicing of The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan | 444 |
Rating Agency Confirmations | 448 |
Evidence as to Compliance | 450 |
Limitation on Rights of Certificateholders to Institute a Proceeding | 451 |
Termination; Retirement of Certificates | 452 |
Amendment | 453 |
Resignation and Removal of the Trustee and the Certificate Administrator | 456 |
Governing Law; Waiver of Jury Trial; and Consent to Jurisdiction | 457 |
Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans | 457 |
California | 458 |
Massachusetts | 458 |
Texas | 459 |
General | 460 |
Types of Mortgage Instruments | 460 |
Leases and Rents | 460 |
Personalty | 461 |
Foreclosure | 461 |
General | 461 |
Foreclosure Procedures Vary from State to State | 461 |
Judicial Foreclosure | 462 |
Equitable and Other Limitations on Enforceability of Certain Provisions | 462 |
Nonjudicial Foreclosure/Power of Sale | 462 |
Public Sale | 463 |
Rights of Redemption | 464 |
Anti-Deficiency Legislation | 464 |
Leasehold Considerations | 465 |
Cooperative Shares | 465 |
Bankruptcy Laws | 466 |
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Environmental Considerations | 472 |
General | 472 |
Superlien Laws | 472 |
CERCLA | 472 |
Certain Other Federal and State Laws | 473 |
Additional Considerations | 474 |
Due-on-Sale and Due-on-Encumbrance Provisions | 474 |
Subordinate Financing | 474 |
Default Interest and Limitations on Prepayments | 475 |
Applicability of Usury Laws | 475 |
Americans with Disabilities Act | 475 |
Servicemembers Civil Relief Act | 476 |
Anti-Money Laundering, Economic Sanctions and Bribery | 476 |
Potential Forfeiture of Assets | 477 |
Certain Affiliations, Relationships and Related Transactions Involving Transaction Parties | 477 |
Pending Legal Proceedings Involving Transaction Parties | 478 |
Use of Proceeds | 478 |
Yield and Maturity Considerations | 478 |
Yield Considerations | 478 |
General | 478 |
Rate and Timing of Principal Payments | 479 |
Losses and Shortfalls | 480 |
Certain Relevant Factors Affecting Loan Payments and Defaults | 481 |
Delay in Payment of Distributions | 482 |
Yield on the Certificates with Notional Amounts | 482 |
Weighted Average Life | 482 |
Pre-Tax Yield to Maturity Tables | 487 |
Material Federal Income Tax Considerations | 492 |
General | 492 |
Qualification as a REMIC | 493 |
Status of Offered Certificates | 495 |
Taxation of Regular Interests | 495 |
General | 495 |
Original Issue Discount | 495 |
Acquisition Premium | 498 |
Market Discount | 498 |
Premium | 499 |
Election To Treat All Interest Under the Constant Yield Method | 500 |
Treatment of Losses | 500 |
Yield Maintenance Charges and Prepayment Premiums | 501 |
Sale or Exchange of Regular Interests | 501 |
Taxes That May Be Imposed on a REMIC | 502 |
Prohibited Transactions | 502 |
Contributions to a REMIC After the Startup Day | 502 |
Net Income from Foreclosure Property | 503 |
Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 | 503 |
Taxation of Certain Foreign Investors | 504 |
FATCA | 505 |
Backup Withholding | 505 |
Information Reporting | 505 |
3.8% Medicare Tax on “Net Investment Income” | 505 |
Reporting Requirements | 506 |
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Certain State and Local Tax Considerations | 506 |
Method of Distribution (Underwriter) | 507 |
Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference | 509 |
Where You Can Find More Information | 510 |
Financial Information | 510 |
Certain ERISA Considerations | 510 |
General | 510 |
Plan Asset Regulations | 511 |
Administrative Exemptions | 512 |
Insurance Company General Accounts | 514 |
Legal Investment | 515 |
Legal Matters | 516 |
Ratings | 516 |
Index of Defined Terms | 519 |
Annex A-1: | Certain Characteristics of the Mortgage Loans and Mortgaged Properties | A-1-1 |
Annex A-2: | Mortgage Pool Information (Tables) | A-2-1 |
Annex A-3: | Summaries of the Fifteen Largest Mortgage Loans or Groups of Cross-Collateralized Mortgage Loans | A-3-1 |
Annex B: | Form of Distribution Date Statement | B-1 |
Annex C: | Form of Operating Advisor Annual Report | C-1 |
Annex D-1: | Mortgage Loan Representations and Warranties | D-1-1 |
Annex D-2: | Exceptions to Mortgage Loan Representations and Warranties | D-2-1 |
Annex E: | Class A-SB Planned Principal Balance Schedule | E-1 |
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Important Notice Regarding the Offered Certificates
WE HAVE FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION A REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, WITH RESPECT TO THE CERTIFICATES OFFERED IN THIS PROSPECTUS. HOWEVER, THIS PROSPECTUS DOES NOT CONTAIN ALL OF THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN OUR REGISTRATION STATEMENT. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION REGARDING THE DOCUMENTS REFERRED TO IN THIS PROSPECTUS, YOU SHOULD REFER TO OUR REGISTRATION STATEMENT AND THE EXHIBITS TO IT. OUR REGISTRATION STATEMENT AND THE EXHIBITS TO IT CAN BE INSPECTED AND COPIED AT PRESCRIBED RATES AT THE PUBLIC REFERENCE FACILITIES MAINTAINED BY THE SEC AT ITS PUBLIC REFERENCE ROOM, 100 F STREET, N.E., WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549. YOU MAY OBTAIN INFORMATION ON THE OPERATION OF THE PUBLIC REFERENCE ROOM BY CALLING THE SEC AT 1-800-SEC-0330. COPIES OF THESE MATERIALS CAN ALSO BE OBTAINED ELECTRONICALLY THROUGH THE SEC’S INTERNET WEBSITE (HTTP://WWW.SEC.GOV).
THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT AN OFFER TO SELL OR A SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY THESE SECURITIES IN ANY STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION WHERE SUCH OFFER, SOLICITATION OR SALE IS NOT PERMITTED.
THE INFORMATION IN THIS PROSPECTUS IS PRELIMINARY AND MAY BE SUPPLEMENTED OR AMENDED PRIOR TO THE TIME OF SALE. IN ADDITION, THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES REFERRED TO IN THIS PROSPECTUS, AND THE ASSET POOL BACKING THEM, ARE SUBJECT TO MODIFICATION OR REVISION (INCLUDING THE POSSIBILITY THAT ONE OR MORE CLASSES OF OFFERED CERTIFICATES MAY BE SPLIT, COMBINED OR ELIMINATED) AT ANY TIME PRIOR TO ISSUANCE, AND ARE OFFERED ON A “WHEN, AS AND IF ISSUED” BASIS.
THE UNDERWRITERS DESCRIBED IN THESE MATERIALS MAY FROM TIME TO TIME PERFORM INVESTMENT BANKING SERVICES FOR, OR SOLICIT INVESTMENT BANKING BUSINESS FROM, ANY COMPANY NAMED IN THESE MATERIALS. THE UNDERWRITERS AND/OR THEIR RESPECTIVE EMPLOYEES MAY FROM TIME TO TIME HAVE A LONG OR SHORT POSITION IN ANY CONTRACT OR CERTIFICATE DISCUSSED IN THESE MATERIALS.
THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS SUPERSEDES ANY PREVIOUS SUCH INFORMATION DELIVERED TO ANY PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR AND MAY BE SUPERSEDED BY INFORMATION DELIVERED TO SUCH PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR PRIOR TO THE TIME OF SALE.
THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES DO NOT REPRESENT AN INTEREST IN OR OBLIGATION OF THE DEPOSITOR, THE SPONSORS, THE MORTGAGE LOAN SELLERS, THE MASTER SERVICER, THE SPECIAL SERVICER, THE TRUSTEE, THE OPERATING ADVISOR, THE ASSET REPRESENTATIONS REVIEWER, THE CERTIFICATE ADMINISTRATOR, THE DIRECTING CERTIFICATEHOLDER, THE RISK RETENTION CONSULTATION PARTY, THE UNDERWRITERS OR ANY OF THEIR RESPECTIVE AFFILIATES. NEITHER THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES NOR THE MORTGAGE LOANS ARE INSURED OR GUARANTEED BY ANY GOVERNMENTAL AGENCY OR INSTRUMENTALITY OR PRIVATE INSURER.
THERE IS CURRENTLY NO SECONDARY MARKET FOR THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES. WE CANNOT ASSURE YOU THAT A SECONDARY MARKET WILL DEVELOP OR, IF A SECONDARY MARKET DOES DEVELOP, THAT IT WILL PROVIDE HOLDERS OF THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES WITH LIQUIDITY OF INVESTMENT OR THAT IT WILL CONTINUE FOR THE TERM OF THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES. THE UNDERWRITERS CURRENTLY INTEND TO MAKE A MARKET IN THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES BUT ARE UNDER NO OBLIGATION TO DO SO. ACCORDINGLY, PURCHASERS MUST BE PREPARED TO BEAR THE RISKS OF THEIR INVESTMENTS FOR AN INDEFINITE PERIOD. SEE “RISK FACTORS—Other Risks Relating to the Certificates—
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The Certificates May Have Limited Liquidity and the Market Value of the Certificates May Decline” IN THIS PROSPECTUS.
Important Notice About Information Presented in this Prospectus
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information that is different from that contained in this prospectus. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus.
This prospectus begins with several introductory sections describing the certificates and the issuing entity in abbreviated form:
· | Summary of Certificates, commencing on page 3 of this prospectus, which sets forth important statistical information relating to the certificates; |
· | Summary of Terms, commencing on page 23 of this prospectus, which gives a brief introduction of the key features of the certificates and a description of the mortgage loans; and |
· | Risk Factors, commencing on page 57 of this prospectus, which describes risks that apply to the certificates. |
This prospectus includes cross references to sections in this prospectus where you can find further related discussions. The table of contents in this prospectus identifies the pages where these sections are located.
Certain capitalized terms are defined and used in this prospectus to assist you in understanding the terms of the offered certificates and this offering. The capitalized terms used in this prospectus are defined on the pages indicated under the caption “Index of Defined Terms” commencing on page 519 of this prospectus.
All annexes and schedules attached to this prospectus are a part of this prospectus.
In this prospectus:
· | the terms “depositor”, “we”, “us” and “our” refer to Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Securities, Inc. |
· | references to “lender” or “mortgage lender” with respect to a mortgage loan generally should be construed to mean, from and after the date of initial issuance of the offered certificates, the trustee on behalf of the issuing entity as the holder of record title to the mortgage loans or the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, with respect to the obligations and rights of the lender as described under “Pooling and Servicing Agreement”. |
NOTICE TO RESIDENTS WITHIN EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AREA
THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT A PROSPECTUS FOR THE PURPOSES OF THE PROSPECTUS DIRECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS HAS BEEN PREPARED ON THE BASIS THAT ANY OFFER OF OFFERED CERTIFICATES IN ANY MEMBER STATE OF THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AREA WHICH HAS IMPLEMENTED THE PROSPECTUS DIRECTIVE (EACH, A “RELEVANT MEMBER STATE”) WILL BE MADE PURSUANT TO AN EXEMPTION UNDER THE PROSPECTUS DIRECTIVE (AS DEFINED BELOW) FROM THE REQUIREMENT TO PUBLISH A PROSPECTUS FOR OFFERS OF
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CERTIFICATES. ACCORDINGLY ANY PERSON MAKING OR INTENDING TO MAKE AN OFFER IN THAT RELEVANT MEMBER STATE OF CERTIFICATES WHICH ARE THE SUBJECT OF AN OFFERING CONTEMPLATED IN THIS PROSPECTUS AS-COMPLETED BY FINAL TERMS IN RELATION TO THE OFFER OF THOSE CERTIFICATES MAY ONLY DO SO IN CIRCUMSTANCES IN WHICH NO OBLIGATION ARISES FOR THE DEPOSITOR, THE ISSUING ENTITY OR AN UNDERWRITER TO PUBLISH A PROSPECTUS PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 3 OF THE PROSPECTUS DIRECTIVE IN RELATION TO SUCH OFFER.
NONE OF THE DEPOSITOR, THE ISSUING ENTITY OR ANY OF THE UNDERWRITERS HAS AUTHORIZED, NOR DOES ANY OF THEM AUTHORIZE, THE MAKING OF ANY OFFER OF OFFERED CERTIFICATES IN CIRCUMSTANCES IN WHICH AN OBLIGATION ARISES FOR THE DEPOSITOR, THE ISSUING ENTITY OR AN UNDERWRITER TO PUBLISH OR SUPPLEMENT A PROSPECTUS FOR SUCH OFFER.
FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS PROVISION AND THE PROVISION IMMEDIATELY BELOW, “PROSPECTUS DIRECTIVE” MEANS DIRECTIVE 2003/71/EC (AS AMENDED, INCLUDING BY DIRECTIVE 2010/73/EU), AND INCLUDES ANY RELEVANT IMPLEMENTING MEASURE IN THE RELEVANT MEMBER STATE.
EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AREA SELLING RESTRICTIONS
IN RELATION TO EACH RELEVANT MEMBER STATE, EACH UNDERWRITER HAS REPRESENTED AND AGREED THAT, WITH EFFECT FROM AND INCLUDING THE DATE ON WHICH THE PROSPECTUS DIRECTIVE IS IMPLEMENTED IN THAT RELEVANT MEMBER STATE, IT HAS NOT MADE AND WILL NOT MAKE AN OFFER OF THE CERTIFICATES WHICH ARE THE SUBJECT OF THE OFFERING CONTEMPLATED BY THIS PROSPECTUS TO THE PUBLIC IN THAT RELEVANT MEMBER STATE OTHER THAN:
(A) TO ANY LEGAL ENTITY WHICH IS A “QUALIFIED INVESTOR” AS DEFINED IN THE PROSPECTUS DIRECTIVE;
(B) TO FEWER THAN 150 NATURAL OR LEGAL PERSONS (OTHER THAN “QUALIFIED INVESTORS” AS DEFINED IN THE PROSPECTUS DIRECTIVE) SUBJECT TO OBTAINING THE PRIOR CONSENT OF THE RELEVANT UNDERWRITER OR UNDERWRITERS NOMINATED BY THE DEPOSITOR FOR ANY SUCH OFFER; OR
(C) IN ANY OTHER CIRCUMSTANCES FALLING WITHIN ARTICLE 3(2) OF THE PROSPECTUS DIRECTIVE;
PROVIDED THAT NO SUCH OFFER OF THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES REFERRED TO IN CLAUSES (A) TO (C) ABOVE SHALL REQUIRE THE DEPOSITOR, THE ISSUING ENTITY OR ANY UNDERWRITER TO PUBLISH A PROSPECTUS PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 3 OF THE PROSPECTUS DIRECTIVE.
FOR THE PURPOSES OF THE PRIOR PARAGRAPH, THE EXPRESSION AN “OFFER OF THE CERTIFICATES WHICH ARE THE SUBJECT OF THE OFFERING CONTEMPLATED BY THIS PROSPECTUS TO THE PUBLIC” IN RELATION TO ANY OFFERED CERTIFICATE IN ANY RELEVANT MEMBER STATE MEANS THE COMMUNICATION IN ANY FORM AND BY ANY MEANS OF SUFFICIENT INFORMATION ON THE TERMS OF THE OFFER AND THE CERTIFICATES TO BE OFFERED SO AS TO ENABLE AN INVESTOR TO DECIDE TO PURCHASE OR SUBSCRIBE TO THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES, AS THE SAME MAY BE VARIED IN THAT RELEVANT MEMBER STATE BY ANY MEASURE IMPLEMENTING THE PROSPECTUS DIRECTIVE IN THAT RELEVANT MEMBER STATE.
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NOTICE TO RESIDENTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM
THE ISSUING ENTITY MAY CONSTITUTE A “COLLECTIVE INVESTMENT SCHEME” AS DEFINED BY SECTION 235 OF THE FSMA THAT IS NOT A “RECOGNIZED COLLECTIVE INVESTMENT SCHEME” FOR THE PURPOSES OF THE FSMA AND THAT HAS NOT BEEN AUTHORIZED, REGULATED OR OTHERWISE RECOGNIZED OR APPROVED. AS AN UNREGULATED SCHEME, THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES CANNOT BE MARKETED IN THE UNITED KINGDOM TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC, EXCEPT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE FSMA.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF THIS PROSPECTUS (A) IF MADE BY A PERSON WHO IS NOT AN AUTHORIZED PERSON UNDER THE FSMA, IS BEING MADE ONLY TO, OR DIRECTED ONLY AT, PERSONS WHO (I) ARE OUTSIDE THE UNITED KINGDOM, OR (II) HAVE PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE IN MATTERS RELATING TO INVESTMENTS AND QUALIFY AS INVESTMENT PROFESSIONALS IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE 19(5) OF THE FINANCIAL SERVICES AND MARKETS ACT 2000 (FINANCIAL PROMOTION) ORDER 2005 (THE “FINANCIAL PROMOTION ORDER”), OR (III) ARE PERSONS FALLING WITHIN ARTICLE 49(2)(A) THROUGH (D) (HIGH NET WORTH COMPANIES, UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS, ETC.) OF THE FINANCIAL PROMOTION ORDER (ALL SUCH PERSONS TOGETHER BEING REFERRED TO AS “FPO PERSONS”); AND (B) IF MADE BY A PERSON WHO IS AN AUTHORIZED PERSON UNDER THE FSMA, IS BEING MADE ONLY TO, OR DIRECTED ONLY AT, PERSONS WHO (I) ARE OUTSIDE THE UNITED KINGDOM, OR (II) HAVE PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE IN MATTERS RELATING TO INVESTMENTS AND QUALIFY AS INVESTMENT PROFESSIONALS IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE 14(5) OF THE FINANCIAL SERVICES AND MARKETS ACT 2000 (PROMOTION OF COLLECTIVE INVESTMENT SCHEMES) (EXEMPTIONS) ORDER 2001 (THE “PROMOTION OF COLLECTIVE INVESTMENT SCHEMES EXEMPTIONS ORDER”), OR (III) ARE PERSONS FALLING WITHIN ARTICLE 22(2)(A) THROUGH (D) (“HIGH NET WORTH COMPANIES, UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS, ETC.”) OF THE PROMOTION OF COLLECTIVE INVESTMENT SCHEMES EXEMPTIONS ORDER, OR (IV) PERSONS TO WHOM THE ISSUING ENTITY MAY LAWFULLY BE PROMOTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH CHAPTER 4.12 OF THE UK FINANCIAL CONDUCT AUTHORITY’S CONDUCT OF BUSINESS SOURCEBOOK (ALL SUCH PERSONS TOGETHER BEING REFERRED TO AS “PCIS PERSONS” AND, TOGETHER WITH THE FPO PERSONS, THE “RELEVANT PERSONS”).
THIS PROSPECTUS MUST NOT BE ACTED ON OR RELIED ON BY PERSONS WHO ARE NOT RELEVANT PERSONS. ANY INVESTMENT OR INVESTMENT ACTIVITY TO WHICH THIS PROSPECTUS RELATES, INCLUDING THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES, IS AVAILABLE ONLY TO RELEVANT PERSONS AND WILL BE ENGAGED IN ONLY WITH RELEVANT PERSONS. ANY PERSONS OTHER THAN RELEVANT PERSONS SHOULD NOT ACT OR RELY ON THIS PROSPECTUS.
POTENTIAL INVESTORS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM ARE ADVISED THAT ALL, OR MOST, OF THE PROTECTIONS AFFORDED BY THE UNITED KINGDOM REGULATORY SYSTEM WILL NOT APPLY TO AN INVESTMENT IN THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES AND THAT COMPENSATION WILL NOT BE AVAILABLE UNDER THE UNITED KINGDOM FINANCIAL SERVICES COMPENSATION SCHEME.
UNITED KINGDOM SELLING RESTRICTIONS
EACH UNDERWRITER HAS REPRESENTED AND AGREED THAT:
(A) IT HAS ONLY COMMUNICATED OR CAUSED TO BE COMMUNICATED AND WILL ONLY COMMUNICATE OR CAUSE TO BE COMMUNICATED AN INVITATION OR INDUCEMENT TO ENGAGE IN INVESTMENT ACTIVITY (WITHIN THE MEANING OF SECTION 21 OF THE FINANCIAL SERVICES AND MARKETS ACT 2000 (“FSMA”) RECEIVED BY IT IN CONNECTION
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WITH THE ISSUE OR SALE OF THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES IN CIRCUMSTANCES IN WHICH SECTION 21(1) OF THE FSMA DOES NOT APPLY TO THE ISSUING ENTITY OR THE DEPOSITOR; AND
(B) IT HAS COMPLIED AND WILL COMPLY WITH ALL APPLICABLE PROVISIONS OF THE FSMA WITH RESPECT TO ANYTHING DONE BY IT IN RELATION TO THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES IN, FROM OR OTHERWISE INVOLVING THE UNITED KINGDOM.
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES WILL NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD IN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (EXCLUDING HONG KONG, MACAU AND TAIWAN, THE “PRC”) AS PART OF THE INITIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES BUT MAY BE AVAILABLE FOR PURCHASE BY INVESTORS RESIDENT IN THE PRC FROM OUTSIDE THE PRC.
THIS PROSPECTUS DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR THE SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY ANY SECURITIES IN THE PRC TO ANY PERSON TO WHOM IT IS UNLAWFUL TO MAKE THE OFFER OR SOLICITATION IN THE PRC.
THE DEPOSITOR DOES NOT REPRESENT THAT THIS PROSPECTUS MAY BE LAWFULLY DISTRIBUTED, OR THAT ANY OFFERED CERTIFICATES MAY BE LAWFULLY OFFERED, IN COMPLIANCE WITH ANY APPLICABLE REGISTRATION OR OTHER REQUIREMENTS IN THE PRC, OR PURSUANT TO AN EXEMPTION AVAILABLE THEREUNDER, OR ASSUME ANY RESPONSIBILITY FOR FACILITATING ANY SUCH DISTRIBUTION OR OFFERING. IN PARTICULAR, NO ACTION HAS BEEN TAKEN BY THE DEPOSITOR WHICH WOULD PERMIT AN OFFERING OF ANY OFFERED CERTIFICATES OR THE DISTRIBUTION OF THIS PROSPECTUS IN THE PRC. ACCORDINGLY, THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES ARE NOT BEING OFFERED OR SOLD WITHIN THE PRC BY MEANS OF THIS PROSPECTUS OR ANY OTHER DOCUMENT. NEITHER THIS PROSPECTUS NOR ANY ADVERTISEMENT OR OTHER OFFERING MATERIAL MAY BE DISTRIBUTED OR PUBLISHED IN THE PRC, EXCEPT UNDER CIRCUMSTANCES THAT WILL RESULT IN COMPLIANCE WITH ANY APPLICABLE LAWS AND REGULATIONS.
HONG KONG
THIS PROSPECTUS HAS NOT BEEN DELIVERED FOR REGISTRATION TO THE REGISTRAR OF COMPANIES IN HONG KONG AND THE CONTENTS OF THIS PROSPECTUS HAVE NOT BEEN REVIEWED OR APPROVED BY ANY REGULATORY AUTHORITY IN HONG KONG. THIS PROSPECTUS DOES NOT CONSTITUTE NOR INTEND TO BE AN OFFER OR INVITATION TO THE PUBLIC IN HONG KONG TO ACQUIRE THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES.
EACH UNDERWRITER HAS REPRESENTED, WARRANTED AND AGREED THAT: (1) IT HAS NOT OFFERED OR SOLD AND WILL NOT OFFER OR SELL IN HONG KONG, BY MEANS OF ANY DOCUMENT, ANY OFFERED CERTIFICATES (EXCEPT FOR CERTIFICATES WHICH ARE A “STRUCTURED PRODUCT” AS DEFINED IN THE SECURITIES AND FUTURES ORDINANCE (CAP. 571) (THE “SFO”) OF HONG KONG) OTHER THAN (A) TO “PROFESSIONAL INVESTORS” AS DEFINED IN THE SFO AND ANY RULES OR REGULATIONS MADE UNDER THE SFO; OR (B) IN OTHER CIRCUMSTANCES WHICH DO NOT RESULT IN THE DOCUMENT BEING A “PROSPECTUS” AS DEFINED IN THE COMPANIES (WINDING UP AND MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS) ORDINANCE (CAP. 32) (THE “C(WUMP)O”) OF HONG KONG OR WHICH DO NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO THE PUBLIC WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE C(WUMP)O; AND (2) IT HAS NOT ISSUED OR HAD IN ITS POSSESSION FOR THE PURPOSES OF ISSUE, AND WILL NOT ISSUE OR HAVE IN ITS POSSESSION FOR THE PURPOSES OF ISSUE, WHETHER IN HONG KONG OR ELSEWHERE, ANY ADVERTISEMENT, INVITATION OR DOCUMENT RELATING TO THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES, WHICH IS DIRECTED AT, OR THE CONTENTS OF WHICH ARE LIKELY TO BE
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ACCESSED OR READ BY, THE PUBLIC OF HONG KONG (EXCEPT IF PERMITTED TO DO SO UNDER THE SECURITIES LAWS OF HONG KONG) OTHER THAN WITH RESPECT TO OFFERED CERTIFICATES WHICH ARE OR ARE INTENDED TO BE DISPOSED OF ONLY TO PERSONS OUTSIDE HONG KONG OR ONLY TO “PROFESSIONAL INVESTORS” AS DEFINED IN THE SFO AND ANY RULES MADE UNDER THE SFO.
W A R N I N G
THE CONTENTS OF THIS PROSPECTUS HAVE NOT BEEN REVIEWED OR APPROVED BY ANY REGULATORY AUTHORITY IN HONG KONG. YOU ARE ADVISED TO EXERCISE CAUTION IN RELATION TO THE OFFER. IF YOU ARE IN ANY DOUBT ABOUT ANY OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS PROSPECTUS, YOU SHOULD OBTAIN INDEPENDENT PROFESSIONAL ADVICE.
SINGAPORE
NEITHER THIS PROSPECTUS NOR ANY OTHER DOCUMENT OR MATERIAL IN CONNECTION WITH ANY OFFER OF THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES HAS BEEN REGISTERED AS A PROSPECTUS WITH THE MONETARY AUTHORITY OF SINGAPORE (“MAS”) UNDER THE SECURITIES AND FUTURES ACT (CAP. 289) OF SINGAPORE (THE “SFA”). ACCORDINGLY, MAS ASSUMES NO RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE CONTENTS OF THIS PROSPECTUS. THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT A PROSPECTUS AS DEFINED IN THE SFA AND STATUTORY LIABILITY UNDER THE SFA IN RELATION TO THE CONTENTS OF PROSPECTUSES WOULD NOT APPLY. ANY PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR SHOULD CONSIDER CAREFULLY WHETHER THE INVESTMENT IS SUITABLE FOR IT. THIS PROSPECTUS AND ANY OTHER DOCUMENT OR MATERIAL IN CONNECTION WITH THE OFFER OR SALE, OR INVITATION FOR SUBSCRIPTION OR PURCHASE, OF THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES MAY NOT BE CIRCULATED OR DISTRIBUTED, NOR MAY THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES BE OFFERED OR SOLD, OR BE MADE THE SUBJECT OF AN INVITATION FOR SUBSCRIPTION OR PURCHASE, WHETHER DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, TO PERSONS IN SINGAPORE OTHER THAN (I) TO AN INSTITUTIONAL INVESTOR UNDER SECTION 274 OF THE SFA, (II) TO A RELEVANT PERSON (AS DEFINED IN SECTION 275(2) OF THE SFA), OR ANY PERSON PURSUANT TO SECTION 275(1A) OF THE SFA, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS SPECIFIED IN SECTION 275 OF THE SFA OR (III) OTHERWISE PURSUANT TO, AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF, ANY OTHER APPLICABLE PROVISION OF THE SFA.
WHERE THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES ARE SUBSCRIBED OR PURCHASED UNDER SECTION 275 OF THE SFA BY A RELEVANT PERSON WHICH IS: (A) A CORPORATION (WHICH IS NOT AN ACCREDITED INVESTOR (AS DEFINED IN SECTION 4A OF THE SFA)) THE SOLE BUSINESS OF WHICH IS TO HOLD INVESTMENTS AND THE ENTIRE SHARE CAPITAL OF WHICH IS OWNED BY ONE OR MORE INDIVIDUALS, EACH OF WHOM IS AN ACCREDITED INVESTOR; OR (B) A TRUST (WHERE THE TRUSTEE IS NOT AN ACCREDITED INVESTOR) WHOSE SOLE PURPOSE IS TO HOLD INVESTMENTS AND EACH BENEFICIARY IS AN ACCREDITED INVESTOR, SECURITIES (AS DEFINED IN SECTION 239(1) OF THE SFA) OF THAT CORPORATION OR THE BENEFICIARIES’ RIGHTS AND INTEREST (HOWSOEVER DESCRIBED) IN THAT TRUST SHALL NOT BE TRANSFERABLE FOR 6 MONTHS AFTER THAT CORPORATION OR THAT TRUST HAS ACQUIRED THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES UNDER SECTION 275 OF THE SFA EXCEPT: (1) TO AN INSTITUTIONAL INVESTOR UNDER SECTION 274 OF THE SFA OR TO A RELEVANT PERSON (AS DEFINED IN SECTION 275(2) OF THE SFA), OR TO ANY PERSON PURSUANT TO AN OFFER THAT IS MADE ON TERMS THAT SUCH SHARES, DEBENTURES AND UNITS OF SHARES AND DEBENTURES OF THAT CORPORATION OR SUCH RIGHTS OR INTEREST IN THAT TRUST ARE ACQUIRED AT A CONSIDERATION OF NOT LESS THAN 200,000 SINGAPORE DOLLARS (OR ITS EQUIVALENT IN A FOREIGN CURRENCY) FOR EACH TRANSACTION, WHETHER SUCH AMOUNT IS TO BE PAID FOR IN CASH OR BY EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES OR OTHER ASSETS, AND
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FURTHER FOR CORPORATIONS, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS SPECIFIED IN SECTION 275(1A) OF THE SFA; (2) WHERE NO CONSIDERATION IS GIVEN FOR THE TRANSFER; (3) WHERE THE TRANSFER IS BY OPERATION OF LAW; OR (4) AS SPECIFIED IN SECTION 276(7) OF THE SFA.
SOUTH KOREA
THESE CERTIFICATES HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE FINANCIAL SERVICES COMMISSION OF KOREA FOR A PUBLIC OFFERING IN KOREA. THE UNDERWRITERS HAVE THEREFORE REPRESENTED AND AGREED THAT THE CERTIFICATES HAVE NOT BEEN AND WILL NOT BE OFFERED, SOLD OR DELIVERED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, OR OFFERED, SOLD OR DELIVERED TO ANY PERSON FOR RE-OFFERING OR RESALE, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, IN KOREA OR TO ANY RESIDENT OF KOREA, EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE PERMITTED UNDER APPLICABLE KOREAN LAWS AND REGULATIONS, INCLUDING THE FINANCIAL INVESTMENT SERVICES AND CAPITAL MARKETS ACT AND THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRANSACTIONS LAW AND THE DECREES AND REGULATIONS THEREUNDER.
JAPAN
THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES HAVE NOT BEEN AND WILL NOT BE REGISTERED UNDER THE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND EXCHANGE LAW OF JAPAN, AS AMENDED (THE “FIEL”), AND DISCLOSURE UNDER THE FIEL HAS NOT BEEN AND WILL NOT BE MADE WITH RESPECT TO THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES. ACCORDINGLY, EACH UNDERWRITER HAS REPRESENTED AND AGREED THAT IT HAS NOT, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, OFFERED OR SOLD AND WILL NOT, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, OFFER OR SELL ANY OFFERED CERTIFICATES IN JAPAN OR TO, OR FOR THE BENEFIT OF, ANY RESIDENT OF JAPAN (WHICH TERM AS USED IN THIS PROSPECTUS MEANS ANY PERSON RESIDENT IN JAPAN, INCLUDING ANY CORPORATION OR OTHER ENTITY ORGANIZED UNDER THE LAWS OF JAPAN) OR TO OTHERS FOR REOFFERING OR RE-SALE, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, IN JAPAN OR TO, OR FOR THE BENEFIT OF, ANY RESIDENT OF JAPAN EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EXEMPTION FROM THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF, AND OTHERWISE IN COMPLIANCE WITH, THE FIEL AND OTHER RELEVANT LAWS, REGULATIONS AND MINISTERIAL GUIDELINES OF JAPAN. AS PART OF THIS OFFERING OF THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES, THE UNDERWRITERS MAY OFFER THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES IN JAPAN TO UP TO 49 OFFEREES IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE ABOVE PROVISIONS.
NOTICE TO RESIDENTS OF CANADA
THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES MAY BE SOLD IN CANADA ONLY TO PURCHASERS PURCHASING, OR DEEMED TO BE PURCHASING, AS PRINCIPAL THAT ARE ACCREDITED INVESTORS, AS DEFINED IN NATIONAL INSTRUMENT 45-106 PROSPECTUS EXEMPTIONS OR SUBSECTION 73.3(1) OF THE SECURITIES ACT (ONTARIO), AND ARE PERMITTED CLIENTS, AS DEFINED IN NATIONAL INSTRUMENT 31-103 REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS, EXEMPTIONS AND ONGOING REGISTRANT OBLIGATIONS. ANY RESALE OF THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES MUST BE MADE IN ACCORDANCE WITH AN EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE PROSPECTUS REQUIREMENTS OF APPLICABLE SECURITIES LAWS.
SECURITIES LEGISLATION IN CERTAIN PROVINCES OR TERRITORIES OF CANADA MAY PROVIDE A PURCHASER WITH REMEDIES FOR RESCISSION OR DAMAGES IF THIS PROSPECTUS (INCLUDING ANY AMENDMENT THERETO) CONTAINS A MISREPRESENTATION, PROVIDED THAT THE REMEDIES FOR RESCISSION OR DAMAGES ARE EXERCISED BY THE PURCHASER WITHIN THE TIME LIMIT PRESCRIBED BY THE SECURITIES LEGISLATION OF THE PURCHASER’S PROVINCE OR TERRITORY. THE
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PURCHASER SHOULD REFER TO ANY APPLICABLE PROVISIONS OF THE SECURITIES LEGISLATION OF THE PURCHASER’S PROVINCE OR TERRITORY FOR PARTICULARS OF THESE RIGHTS OR CONSULT WITH A LEGAL ADVISOR.
PURSUANT TO SECTION 3A.3 OF NATIONAL INSTRUMENT 33-105 UNDERWRITING CONFLICTS (“NI 33-105”), THE UNDERWRITERS ARE NOT REQUIRED TO COMPLY WITH THE DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS OF NI 33-105 REGARDING UNDERWRITER CONFLICTS OF INTEREST IN CONNECTION WITH THIS OFFERING.
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Summary of Terms | |||
This summary highlights selected information from this prospectus. It does not contain all of the information you need to consider in making your investment decision. To understand all of the terms of the offering of the offered certificates, read this entire document carefully. | |||
Relevant Parties | |||
Title of Certificates | Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2016-BNK1. | ||
Depositor | Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Securities, Inc., a North Carolina corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, a national banking association organized under the laws of the United States of America, which is a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of Wells Fargo & Company, a Delaware corporation. The depositor’s address is 301 South College Street, Charlotte, North Carolina 28288–0166 and its telephone number is (704) 374-6161. See “Transaction Parties—The Depositor”. | ||
Issuing Entity | Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1, a New York common law trust, to be established on the closing date under the pooling and servicing agreement. For more detailed information, see “Transaction Parties—The Issuing Entity”. | ||
Sponsors and Originators | The sponsors of this transaction are: | ||
· | Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, a national banking association | ||
· | Bank of America, National Association, a national banking association | ||
· | Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC, a New York limited liability company | ||
These entities are sometimes also referred to in this prospectus as the “mortgage loan sellers”. | |||
The originators of this transaction are: | |||
· | Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, a national banking association | ||
· | Bank of America, National Association, a national banking association | ||
· | Morgan Stanley Bank, National Association, a national banking association | ||
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The sponsors originated, co-originated or acquired and will transfer to the depositor the mortgage loans set forth in the following chart: | ||
Sellers of the Mortgage Loans |
Mortgage Loan Seller | Originator | Number of Mortgage Loans | Aggregate Principal Balance of Mortgage Loans | Approx. % of Initial Pool Balance | ||||||||
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association | Wells Fargo Bank, National Association | 15 | $302,740,928 | 34.8 | % | |||||||
Bank of America, National Association | Bank of America, National Association(1) | 15 | 268,752,809 | 30.9 | ||||||||
Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC | Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A.(2) | 9 | 219,063,942 | 25.2 | ||||||||
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association/Bank of America, National Association | Wells Fargo Bank, National Association/ Bank of America, National Association(3) | 1 | 80,000,000 | 9.2 | ||||||||
Total | 40 | $870,557,680 | 100.0 | % |
(1) | Four (4) mortgage loans identified on Annex A-1 as FedEx – Atlanta, GA, FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL, FedEx – Fife, WA and FedEx – Boulder, CO, representing approximately 6.4% of the aggregate principal balance of the pool of mortgage loans as of the cut-off date, are part of whole loans, each of which was co-originated by Bank of America, National Association and Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp. | |||
(2) | One (1) mortgage loan identified on Annex A-1 as Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ, representing approximately 9.2% of the aggregate principal balance of the pool of mortgage loans as of the cut-off date, is part of a whole loan that was co-originated by Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A. and Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp. | |||
(3) | One (1) mortgage loan identified on Annex A-1 as The Shops at Crystals, representing approximately 9.2% of the aggregate principal balance of the pool of mortgage loans as of the cut-off date, is part of a whole loan that was co-originated by Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, Bank of America, National Association and JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association. Wells Fargo Bank, National Association is acting as mortgage loan seller and originator with respect to Notes A-3-B-2, A-3-B-3, B-3-B-2 and B-3-B-3, with an outstanding principal balance as of the cut-off date of $40,000,000. Bank of America, National Association is acting as mortgage loan seller and originator with respect to Notes A-2-B-2, A-2-B-3, B-2-B-2 and B-2-B-3, with an outstanding principal balance as of the cut-off date of $40,000,000. |
See “Transaction Parties—The Sponsors and Mortgage Loan Sellers”. | ||
Master Servicer | Wells Fargo Bank, National Association will be the master servicer. The master servicer will be responsible for the master servicing and administration of the mortgage loans and any related companion loan pursuant to the pooling and servicing agreement (other than any mortgage loan or companion loan that is part of a whole loan and serviced under the related trust and servicing agreement related to the transaction indicated in the table entitled “Non-Serviced Whole Loan” under “—The Mortgage Pool—Whole Loans” below). The |
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principal west coast commercial mortgage master servicing offices of Wells Fargo Bank, National Association are located at MAC A0227-020, 1901 Harrison Street, Oakland, California 94612. The principal east coast commercial mortgage master servicing offices of Wells Fargo Bank, National Association are located at MAC D1086, 550 South Tryon Street, Charlotte, North Carolina 28202. See “Transaction Parties—The Master Servicer” and “Pooling and Servicing Agreement”. | ||
The non-serviced mortgage loan will be serviced by the master servicer set forth in the table below under the heading “Non-Serviced Whole Loan” under “—The Mortgage Pool—Whole Loans”. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan”. | ||
Special Servicer | Rialto Capital Advisors, LLC will act as special servicer with respect to the mortgage loans (other than any excluded special servicer loan) and any related companion loan other than with respect to the non-serviced mortgage loan or related companion loan(s) set forth in the table entitled “Non-Serviced Whole Loan” under “—The Mortgage Pool—Whole Loans” below. The special servicer will be responsible for (i) making decisions and performing certain servicing functions with respect to such mortgage loans and any related companion loan as to which a special servicing transfer event (such as a default or an imminent default) has occurred and (ii) in certain circumstances, reviewing, evaluating and providing or withholding consent as to certain major decisions relating to such mortgage loans and any related companion loan for which a special servicing transfer event has not occurred, in each case pursuant to the pooling and servicing agreement for this transaction. The principal servicing offices of Rialto Capital Advisors, LLC are located at 790 NW 107th Avenue, 4th Floor, Miami, Florida 33172. See “Transaction Parties—The Special Servicer” and “Pooling and Servicing Agreement”. | |
If the special servicer becomes a borrower party with respect to any mortgage loan (such mortgage loan referred to herein as an “excluded special servicer loan”), the special servicer will be required to resign as special servicer of that excluded special servicer loan. Prior to the occurrence of a control termination event under the pooling and servicing agreement, the directing certificateholder will be required to select a separate special servicer that is not a borrower party (referred to herein as an “excluded special servicer”) with respect to any excluded special servicer loan, unless such excluded |
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special servicer loan is also an excluded loan (as to the directing certificateholder or the holder of the majority of the controlling class of certificates). After the occurrence and during the continuance of a control termination event or if at any time the applicable excluded special servicer loan is also an excluded loan (as to the directing certificateholder or the holder of the majority of the controlling class of certificates), the resigning special servicer will be required to select the related excluded special servicer. See “—Directing Certificateholder” below and “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Termination of the Master Servicer or Special Servicer for Cause”. Any excluded special servicer will be required to perform all of the obligations of the special servicer and will be entitled to all special servicing compensation with respect to such excluded special servicer loan earned during such time as the related mortgage loan is an excluded special servicer loan. | ||
Rialto Capital Advisors, LLC was appointed to be the special servicer by RREF III Debt AIV, LP (or another affiliate of Rialto Capital Advisors, LLC), which, on the closing date, is expected to be appointed as the initial directing certificateholder. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—The Directing Certificateholder”. | ||
The special servicer of the non-serviced mortgage loan is set forth in the table below entitled “Non-Serviced Whole Loan” under “—The Mortgage Pool—Whole Loans”. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan”. | ||
Trustee | Wilmington Trust, National Association will act as trustee. The corporate trust office of the trustee is located at 1100 North Market Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19890, Attention: WFCM 2016-BNK1. Following the transfer of the mortgage loans, the trustee, on behalf of the issuing entity, will become the mortgagee of record for each mortgage loan (other than a non-serviced mortgage loan) and any related companion loan. See “Transaction Parties—The Trustee” and “Pooling and Servicing Agreement”. | |
With respect to the non-serviced mortgage loan, the entity set forth in the table entitled “Non-Serviced Whole Loan” under “—The Mortgage Pool—Whole Loans” below, in its capacity as trustee under the trust and servicing agreement for the indicated transaction, is the mortgagee of record for that non-serviced mortgage loan and any related companion loan. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan”. |
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Certificate Administrator | Wells Fargo Bank, National Association will act as certificate administrator. The certificate administrator will also be required to act as custodian, certificate registrar, REMIC administrator, 17g-5 information provider and authenticating agent. The corporate trust offices of Wells Fargo Bank, National Association are located at 9062 Old Annapolis Road, Columbia, Maryland 21045, and for certificate transfer purposes are located at Sixth and Marquette Avenue, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55479-0113. See “Transaction Parties—The Certificate Administrator” and “Pooling and Servicing Agreement”. | |
The custodian with respect to the non-serviced mortgage loan will be the entity set forth in the table below entitled “Non-Serviced Whole Loan” under “—The Mortgage Pool—Whole Loans”, as custodian under the trust and servicing agreement for the indicated transaction. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan”. | ||
Operating Advisor | Park Bridge Lender Services LLC, a New York limited liability company and an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Park Bridge Financial LLC, will be the operating advisor. The operating advisor will have certain review and reporting responsibilities with respect to the performance of the special servicer, and in certain circumstances may recommend to the certificateholders that the special servicer be replaced. The operating advisor will generally have no obligations or consultation rights as operating advisor under the pooling and servicing agreement for this transaction with respect to a non-serviced mortgage loan or any related REO property. See “Transaction Parties—The Operating Advisor and Asset Representations Reviewer” and “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—The Operating Advisor”. | |
Asset Representations | ||
Reviewer | Park Bridge Lender Services LLC, a New York limited liability company and an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Park Bridge Financial LLC, will also be serving as the asset representations reviewer. The asset representations reviewer will be required to review certain delinquent mortgage loans after a specified delinquency threshold has been exceeded and the required percentage of certificateholders vote to direct a review of such delinquent mortgage loans. See “Transaction Parties—The Operating Advisor and Asset Representations Reviewer” and “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—The Asset Representations Reviewer”. | |
Directing Certificateholder | The directing certificateholder will have certain consent and consultation rights in certain circumstances with respect to the mortgage loans (other than certain |
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excluded loans as described in the next paragraph), as further described in this prospectus. The directing certificateholder will generally be the controlling class certificateholder (or its representative) selected by more than a specified percentage of the controlling class certificateholders (by certificate balance, as certified by the certificate registrar from time to time as provided for in the pooling and servicing agreement). | ||
With respect to the directing certificateholder or the holder of the majority of the controlling class certificates, an “excluded loan” is a mortgage loan or whole loan with respect to which such party is a borrower, a mortgagor, a manager of a mortgaged property, the holder of a mezzanine loan that has accelerated the related mezzanine loan or commenced foreclosure or enforcement proceedings against the equity collateral pledged to secure the related mezzanine loan, or any borrower party affiliate thereof. However, in certain circumstances (such as when no directing certificateholder has been appointed and no one holder owns the largest aggregate certificate balance of the controlling class) there may be no directing certificateholder even if there is a controlling class. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—The Directing Certificateholder”. | ||
The controlling class will be the most subordinate class of the Class F and Class G certificates then-outstanding that has an aggregate certificate balance, as notionally reduced by any cumulative appraisal reduction amounts allocable to such class, at least equal to 25% of the initial certificate balance of that class; provided, however, that during such time as the Class F certificates would be the controlling class, the holders of such certificates will have the right to irrevocably waive their right to appoint a directing certificateholder or to exercise any of the rights of the controlling class certificateholder. No class of certificates, other than as described above, will be eligible to act as the controlling class or appoint a directing certificateholder. | ||
It is anticipated that on the closing date, funds and/or accounts managed by RREF III Debt AIV, LP (or another affiliate of Rialto Capital Advisors, LLC) will purchase the Class F, Class G and Class V certificates (and may purchase the Class X-E, Class X-F, Class X-G and Class E certificates and certain other classes of certificates), and that RREF III Debt AIV, LP (or another affiliate of Rialto Capital Advisors, LLC) is expected to be appointed as the initial directing certificateholder with respect to each mortgage loan (other than any non-serviced mortgage loan). |
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Each entity identified in the table entitled “Non-Serviced Whole Loan” under “—The Mortgage Pool—Whole Loans” below is the initial directing certificateholder (or the equivalent) under the trust and servicing agreement for the indicated transaction and will have certain consent and consultation rights with respect to the related non-serviced whole loan, which are substantially similar, but not identical, to those of the directing certificateholder under the pooling and servicing agreement for this securitization, subject to similar appraisal mechanics. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans—The Non-Serviced Whole Loan” and “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan”. | ||
Risk Retention | ||
Consultation Party | The risk retention consultation party will have certain non-binding consultation rights in certain circumstances with respect to any specially serviced loans (other than certain excluded loans as described in the next paragraph), as further described in this prospectus. The risk retention consultation party will generally be the party selected by the holder or holders of more than 50% of the RRI interest (by certificate balance). Wells Fargo Bank, National Association is expected to be appointed as the initial risk retention consultation party. | |
With respect to the risk retention consultation party or the holder of the majority of the RRI interest, an “excluded loan” is a mortgage loan or whole loan with respect to which such party is a borrower, a mortgagor, a manager of a mortgaged property, the holder of a mezzanine loan that has accelerated the related mezzanine loan or commenced foreclosure or enforcement proceedings against the equity collateral pledged to secure the related mezzanine loan, or any borrower party affiliate thereof. | ||
Certain Affiliations | ||
and Relationships | The originators, the sponsors, the underwriters, and parties to the pooling and servicing agreement have various roles in this transaction as well as certain relationships with parties to this transaction and certain of their affiliates. These roles and other potential relationships may give rise to conflicts of interest as further described in this prospectus under “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Conflicts of Interest” and “Certain Affiliations, Relationships and Related Transactions Involving Transaction Parties”. |
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Relevant Dates And Periods | ||
Cut-off Date | The mortgage loans will be considered part of the trust fund as of their respective cut-off dates. The cut-off date with respect to each mortgage loan is the respective due date for the monthly debt service payment that is due in August 2016 (or, in the case of any mortgage loan that has its first due date in September 2016, the date that would have been its due date in August 2016 under the terms of that mortgage loan if a monthly debt service payment were scheduled to be due in that month). | |
Closing Date | On or about August 18, 2016. | |
Distribution Date | The 4th business day following each determination date. The first distribution date will be in September 2016. | |
Determination Date | The 11th day of each month or, if the 11th day is not a business day, then the business day immediately following such 11th day. | |
Record Date | With respect to any distribution date, the last business day of the month preceding the month in which that distribution date occurs. | |
Business Day | Under the pooling and servicing agreement, a business day will be any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in North Carolina, New York, California or any of the jurisdictions in which the respective primary servicing offices of the master servicer or special servicer or the corporate trust offices of either the certificate administrator or the trustee are located, or the New York Stock Exchange or the Federal Reserve System of the United States of America, are authorized or obligated by law or executive order to remain closed. | |
Interest Accrual Period | The interest accrual period for each class of offered certificates for each distribution date will be the calendar month immediately preceding the month in which that distribution date occurs. | |
Collection Period | For any mortgage loan to be held by the issuing entity and any distribution date, the period commencing on the day immediately following the due date for such mortgage loan in the month preceding the month in which that distribution date occurs and ending on and including the due date for such mortgage loan in the month in which that distribution date occurs. However, in the event that the last day of a collection period is not a business day, any periodic payments received with respect to the mortgage loans relating to that collection period on the business day immediately following that |
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last day will be deemed to have been received during that collection period and not during any other collection period. | ||
Assumed Final | ||
Distribution Date; Rated | ||
Final Distribution Date | The assumed final distribution dates set forth below for each class have been determined on the basis of the assumptions described in “Description of the Certificates—Assumed Final Distribution Date; Rated Final Distribution Date”: |
Class | Assumed Final Distribution Date | |||
Class A-1 | August 2021 | |||
Class A-2 | June 2026 | |||
Class A-3 | July 2026 | |||
Class A-SB | September 2025 | |||
Class A-S | August 2026 | |||
Class X-A | NAP | |||
Class X-B | NAP | |||
Class B | August 2026 | |||
Class C | August 2026 |
The rated final distribution date will be the distribution date in August 2049. | ||
Transaction Overview | ||
On the closing date, each sponsor will sell its respective mortgage loans to the depositor, which will in turn deposit the mortgage loans into the issuing entity, a common law trust created on the closing date. The issuing entity will be formed by a pooling and servicing agreement to be entered into among the depositor, the master servicer, the special servicer, the certificate administrator, the trustee, the operating advisor and the asset representations reviewer. | ||
The transfers of the mortgage loans from the sponsors to the depositor and from the depositor to the issuing entity in exchange for the offered certificates are illustrated below: |
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Offered Certificates | |||
General | We are offering the following classes of commercial mortgage pass-through certificates as part of Series 2016-BNK1: | ||
· | Class A-1 | ||
· | Class A-2 | ||
· | Class A-3 | ||
· | Class A-SB | ||
· | Class A-S | ||
· | Class X-A | ||
· | Class X-B | ||
· | Class B | ||
· | Class C | ||
The certificates of this Series will consist of the above classes and the RRI interest and the following classes that are not being offered by this prospectus: Class X-D, Class X-E, Class X-F, Class X-G, Class D, Class E, Class F, Class G, Class V and Class R. The RRI interest is not being offered by this prospectus. | |||
Certificate Balances and | |||
Notional Amounts | Your certificates will have the approximate aggregate initial certificate balance or notional amount set forth below, subject to a variance of plus or minus 5%: |
Class | Approx. Initial Aggregate Certificate Balance or Notional Amount | Approx. % of Initial Pool Balance | Approx. Initial Credit Support(1) | ||||||||
Class A-1 | $ | 36,136,000 | 4.151 | % | 30.000 | % | |||||
Class A-2 | $ | 230,000,000 | 26.420 | % | 30.000 | % | |||||
Class A-3 | $ | 267,018,000 | 30.672 | % | 30.000 | % | |||||
Class A-SB | $ | 45,766,000 | 5.257 | % | 30.000 | % | |||||
Class A-S | $ | 67,197,000 | 7.719 | % | 21.875 | % | |||||
Class X-A | $ | 578,920,000 | NAP | NAP | |||||||
Class X-B | $ | 150,933,000 | NAP | NAP | |||||||
Class B | $ | 44,452,000 | 5.106 | % | 16.500 | % | |||||
Class C | $ | 39,284,000 | 4.513 | % | 11.750 | % |
(1) | The approximate initial credit support with respect to the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-SB certificates represents the approximate credit enhancement for the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-SB certificates in the aggregate. The RRI interest provides credit support only to the limited extent that it is allocated a portion of any losses incurred on the underlying mortgage loans, which such losses are allocated between it, on the one hand, and the non-retained certificates, on the other hand, pro rata in accordance with their respective percentage allocation entitlements. See “Credit Risk Retention”. |
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Pass-Through Rates | |||
A. | Offered Certificates | Your certificates will accrue interest at an annual rate called a pass-through rate. The initial approximate pass-through rate is set forth below for each class of certificates: |
Class | Approx. Initial Pass-Through Rate(1) | ||
Class A-1 | % | ||
Class A-2 | % | ||
Class A-3 | % | ||
Class A-SB | % | ||
Class A-S | % | ||
Class X-A | % | ||
Class X-B | % | ||
Class B | % | ||
Class C | % |
(1) | The pass-through rates for the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3, Class A-SB, Class A-S, Class B and Class C certificates will be a per annum rate equal to one of the following: (i) a fixed rate, (ii) a variable rate per annum equal to the weighted average of the net mortgage interest rates on the mortgage loans for the related distribution date, (iii) a variable rate equal to the lesser of (a) a fixed rate and (b) the weighted average of the net mortgage interest rates on the mortgage loans for the related distribution date or (iv) a variable rate equal to the weighted average of the net mortgage interest rates for the related distribution date minus a specified percentage. The pass-through rate for the Class X-A certificates for any distribution date will be a per annum rate equal to the excess, if any, of (a) the weighted average of the net mortgage interest rates on the mortgage loans for the related distribution date, over (b) the weighted average of the pass-through rates on the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-SB certificates for the related distribution date, weighted on the basis of their respective aggregate certificate balances outstanding immediately prior to that distribution date. The pass-through rate for the Class X-B certificates for any distribution date will be a per annum rate equal to the excess, if any, of (a) the weighted average of the net mortgage interest rates on the mortgage loans for the related distribution date, over (b) the weighted average of the pass-through rates on the Class A-S, Class B and Class C certificates for the related distribution date, weighted on the basis of their respective aggregate certificate balances outstanding immediately prior to that distribution date. For purposes of the calculation of the weighted average of the net mortgage interest rates on the mortgage loans for each distribution date, the mortgage interest rates will be adjusted as necessary to a 30/360 basis. |
B. | Interest Rate | ||
Calculation Convention | Interest on the offered certificates at their applicable pass-through rates will be calculated based on a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months, or a “30/360 basis”. | ||
For purposes of calculating the pass-through rates on the Class X-A and Class X-B certificates and any other class of certificates that has a pass-through rate limited by, equal to or based on the weighted average net mortgage interest rate (which calculation does not include any companion loan interest rate), the mortgage |
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loan interest rates will not reflect any default interest rate, any loan term modifications agreed to by the special servicer or any modifications resulting from a borrower’s bankruptcy or insolvency. |
For purposes of calculating the pass-through rates on the offered certificates, the interest rate for each mortgage loan that accrues interest based on the actual number of days in each month and assuming a 360-day year, or an “actual/360 basis”, will be recalculated, if necessary, so that the amount of interest that would accrue at that recalculated rate in the applicable month, calculated on a 30/360 basis, will equal the amount of interest that is required to be paid on that mortgage loan in that month, subject to certain adjustments as described in “Description of the Certificates—Distributions—Pass-Through Rates” and “—Interest Distribution Amount”. |
C. Servicing and
Administration Fees | Each of the master servicer and special servicer is entitled to a servicing fee or special servicing fee, as the case may be, from the interest payments on each mortgage loan (other than any non-serviced mortgage loan with respect to the special servicing fee only), any related serviced pari passu companion loan and any related REO loans and, with respect to the special servicing fees, if the related loan interest payments (or other collections in respect of the related mortgage loan or mortgaged property) are insufficient, then from general collections on all mortgage loans. |
The servicing fee for each distribution date, including the master servicing fee and the portion of the servicing fee payable to any primary servicer or subservicer, is calculated on the outstanding principal amount of each mortgage loan (including any non-serviced mortgage loan) and any related serviced pari passu companion loan at the servicing fee rate equal to a per annum rate ranging from 0.0050% to 0.0725%. |
The special servicing fee for each distribution date is calculated based on the outstanding principal amount of each mortgage loan (other than any non-serviced mortgage loan) and any related serviced pari passu companion loan as to which a special servicing transfer event has occurred (including any REO loans), on a loan-by-loan basis at the special servicing fee rate equal to the greater of a per annum rate of 0.25000% and the per annum rate that would result in a special servicing fee for the related month of (i) $3,500 or (ii) with respect to any mortgage loan with respect to which the risk retention consultation party is entitled to consult with the special servicer, for so long as the related |
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Mortgage Loan is a Specially Serviced Loan during the occurrence and continuance of a consultation termination event, $5,000. The special servicer will not be entitled to a special servicing fee with respect to any non-serviced mortgage loan. |
Any primary servicing fees or sub-servicing fees with respect to each mortgage loan (other than any non-serviced mortgage loan) and any related serviced pari passu companion loan will be paid by the master servicer or special servicer, respectively, out of the fees described above. |
The master servicer and special servicer are also entitled to additional fees and amounts, including income on the amounts held in certain accounts and certain permitted investments, liquidation fees and workout fees. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing and Other Compensation and Payment of Expenses”. |
The certificate administrator fee for each distribution date is calculated on the outstanding principal amount of each mortgage loan (including any REO loan and any non-serviced mortgage loan, but not any companion loan) at a per annum rate equal to 0.0075%. The trustee fee is payable by the certificate administrator from the certificate administrator fee and is equal to $210 per month. |
The operating advisor will be entitled to a fee on each distribution date calculated on the outstanding principal amount of each mortgage loan and REO loan (excluding any non-serviced mortgage loan and any companion loan) at a per annum rate equal to (i) 0.0018%, except with respect to the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ, One Stamford Forum, Pinnacle II, Simon Premium Outlets, One Penn Center, FedEx – Atlanta, GA, FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL, FedEx – Fife, WA and FedEx – Boulder, CO mortgage loans, (ii) 0.0027% with respect to the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ mortgage loan, (iii) 0.0028% with respect to the One Stamford Forum mortgage loan, (iv) 0.0037% with respect to the Pinnacle II mortgage loan, (v) 0.0038% with respect to the Simon Premium Outlets mortgage loan, (vi) 0.0039% with respect to the One Penn Center mortgage loan, (vii) 0.0071% with respect to the FedEx – Atlanta, GA mortgage loan, (viii) 0.0081% with respect to the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL mortgage loan, (ix) 0.0055% with respect to the FedEx – Fife, WA mortgage loan or (x) 0.0099% with respect to the FedEx – Boulder, CO mortgage loan. The operating advisor will also be entitled under certain circumstances to a consulting fee. |
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The asset representations reviewer will be entitled to an upfront fee of $5,000 on the closing date. As compensation for the performance of its routine duties, the asset representations reviewer will be entitled to a fee on each distribution date calculated on the outstanding principal amount of each mortgage loan and REO loan (including any non-serviced mortgage loan, but excluding any related companion loan(s)) at a per annum rate equal to 0.00034%. Upon the completion of any asset review with respect to each delinquent loan, the asset representations reviewer will be entitled to a per loan fee in an amount described in “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing and Other Compensation and Payment of Expenses—Asset Representations Reviewer Compensation”. |
Each party to the pooling and servicing agreement will also be entitled to be reimbursed by the issuing entity for costs, expenses and liabilities borne by them in certain circumstances. Fees and expenses payable by the issuing entity to any party to the pooling and servicing agreement are generally payable prior to any distributions to certificateholders. |
Additionally, with respect to each distribution date, an amount equal to the product of 0.00050% per annum multiplied by the outstanding principal amount of each mortgage loan and any REO loan will be payable to CRE Finance Council® as a license fee for use of their names and trademarks, including an investor reporting package. This fee will be payable prior to any distributions to certificateholders. |
Payment of the fees and reimbursement of the costs and expenses described above will generally have priority over the distribution of amounts payable to the certificateholders. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing and Other Compensation and Payment of Expenses” and “—Limitation on Liability; Indemnification”. |
With respect to the non-serviced mortgage loan set forth in the table below, the master servicer under the related trust and servicing agreement governing the servicing of that mortgage loan will be entitled to a primary servicing fee at a rate equal to a per annum rate set forth in the table below, and the special servicer under the related trust and servicing agreement will be entitled to a special servicing fee at a rate equal to the per annum rate set forth below. In addition, each party to the trust and servicing agreement governing the servicing of the non-serviced mortgage loan will be entitled to receive other fees and reimbursements with respect to the related non-serviced mortgage loan in amounts, from |
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sources, and at frequencies, that are similar, but not necessarily identical, to those described above and, in certain cases (for example, with respect to unreimbursed special servicing fees and servicing advances with respect to the related non-serviced whole loan), such amounts will be reimbursable from general collections on the mortgage loans to the extent not recoverable from the related non-serviced whole loan and to the extent allocable to the related non-serviced mortgage loan pursuant to the related intercreditor agreement. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans—The Non-Serviced Whole Loan” and “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan”. |
NON-SERVICED MORTGAGE LOAN
Non-Serviced | Primary | Special Servicing | ||
The Shops at Crystals | 0.0025% | 0.2500% |
(1) | Included as part of the Servicing Fee Rate. |
Distributions
A. Allocation between
RRI Interest and
Non-Retained Certificates | The aggregate amount available for distributions to holders of the certificates (including the RRI interest) on each distribution date (net of specified expenses of the issuing entity, including fees payable to, and costs and expenses reimbursable to, the master servicer, the special servicer, the certificate administrator, the trustee, the operating advisor and the asset representations reviewer) will be allocated between amounts available for distribution to the holders of the RRI interest, on the one hand, and for distribution to all other certificates, on the other hand. The certificates other than the RRI interest are referred to in this prospectus as the “non-retained certificates”. The portion of such amount allocable to (a) the RRI interest will at all times be the product of such amount multiplied by 5% and (b) the non-retained certificates will at all times be the product of such amount multiplied by 95%, in each case such percentages being referred to in this prospectus as their respective “percentage allocation entitlement”. |
B. Amount and Order
of Distributions
on Non-Retained
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Certificates | On each distribution date, funds available for distribution to the non-retained certificates (other than (i) any yield maintenance charges and prepayment premiums and (ii) any excess interest) will be distributed in the following amounts and order of priority: |
First, to the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3, Class A-SB, Class X-A, Class X-B, Class X-D, Class X-E, Class X-F and Class X-G certificates, in respect of interest, up to an amount equal to, and pro rata in accordance with, the interest entitlements for those classes; |
Second, to the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-SB certificates as follows: (i) to the extent of funds allocated to principal and available for distribution: (a) first, to principal on the Class A-SB certificates, until the certificate balance of the Class A-SB certificates is reduced to the planned principal balance for the related distribution date set forth in Annex E, (b) second, to principal on the Class A-1 certificates, until the certificate balance of the Class A-1 certificates has been reduced to zero, (c) third, to principal on the Class A-2 certificates, until the certificate balance of the Class A-2 certificates has been reduced to zero, (d) fourth, to principal on the Class A-3 certificates, until the certificate balance of the Class A-3 certificates has been reduced to zero and (e) fifth, to principal on the Class A-SB certificates, until the certificate balance of the Class A-SB certificates has been reduced to zero, or (ii) if the certificate balance of each class of certificates (other than the RRI interest) other than the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-SB certificates has been reduced to zero as a result of the allocation of mortgage loan losses to those certificates, funds available for distributions of principal will be distributed to the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-SB certificates, pro rata, without regard to the distribution priorities described above or the planned principal balance of the Class A-SB certificates; |
Third, to the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-SB certificates, to reimburse the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-SB certificates, pro rata, based upon the aggregate unreimbursed losses previously allocated to each such class, for any previously unreimbursed losses on the mortgage loans allocable to principal that were previously borne by those classes, together with interest on that amount at the pass-through rate for such class; |
Fourth, to the Class A-S certificates as follows: (a) to interest on the Class A-S certificates in the amount of its interest entitlement; (b) to the extent of funds allocable to principal remaining after distributions in respect of |
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principal to each class with a higher priority (as set forth in prior enumerated clauses set forth above), to principal on the Class A-S certificates until its certificate balance has been reduced to zero; and (c) to reimburse the Class A-S certificates for any previously unreimbursed losses on the mortgage loans that were previously allocated to those certificates, together with interest on that amount at the pass-through rate for such class; |
Fifth, to the Class B certificates as follows: (a) to interest on the Class B certificates in the amount of its interest entitlement; (b) to the extent of funds allocable to principal remaining after distributions in respect of principal to each class with a higher priority (as set forth in prior enumerated clauses set forth above), to principal on the Class B certificates until its certificate balance has been reduced to zero; and (c) to reimburse the Class B certificates for any previously unreimbursed losses on the mortgage loans that were previously allocated to those certificates, together with interest on that amount at the pass-through rate for such class; |
Sixth, to the Class C certificates as follows: (a) to interest on the Class C certificates in the amount of its interest entitlement; (b) to the extent of funds allocable to principal remaining after distributions in respect of principal to each class with a higher priority (as set forth in prior enumerated clauses set forth above), to principal on the Class C certificates until its certificate balance has been reduced to zero; and (c) to reimburse the Class C certificates for any previously unreimbursed losses on the mortgage loans that were previously allocated to those certificates, together with interest on that amount at the pass-through rate for such class; |
Seventh, to the non-offered certificates (other than the Class X-D, Class X-E, Class X-F, Class X-G, Class V and Class R certificates and the RRI interest) in the amounts and order of priority described in “Description of the Certificates—Distributions”; and |
Eighth, to the Class R certificates, any remaining amounts. |
For more detailed information regarding distributions on the non-retained certificates, see “Description of the Certificates—Distributions—Priority of Distributions”. |
C. Interest and Principal
Entitlements | A description of the interest entitlement of each class of certificates (other than the Class V and Class R certificates) and the RRI interest can be found in “Description of the Certificates—Distributions—Interest |
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Distribution Amount” and “Credit Risk Retention—RRI Interest—Priority of Distributions”. As described in that section, there are circumstances in which your interest entitlement for a distribution date could be less than one full month’s interest at the pass-through rate on your certificate’s balance or notional amount. |
A description of the amount of principal required to be distributed to each class of certificates entitled to principal on a particular distribution date can be found in “Description of the Certificates—Distributions—Principal Distribution Amount”. |
D. Yield Maintenance
Charges, Prepayment
Premiums | Yield maintenance charges and prepayment premiums with respect to the mortgage loans will be allocated to the RRI interest, on the one hand, and the non-retained certificates, on the other hand, in accordance with their respective percentage allocation entitlement. Yield maintenance charges and prepayment premiums with respect to the mortgage loans allocated to the non-retained certificates will be further allocated as described in “Description of the Certificates—Allocation of Yield Maintenance Charges and Prepayment Premiums”. |
For an explanation of the calculation of yield maintenance charges, see “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Certain Terms of the Mortgage Loans”. |
E. Subordination,
Allocation of Losses
and Certain Expenses | The chart below describes the manner in which the payment rights of certain classes of non-retained certificates will be senior or subordinate, as the case may be, to the payment rights of other classes of non-retained certificates. The chart also shows the allocation between the RRI interest and the non-retained certificates and the corresponding entitlement to receive principal and/or interest of certain classes of non-retained certificates (other than excess interest that accrues on each mortgage loan that has an anticipated repayment date) on any distribution date in descending order. It also shows the manner in which mortgage loan losses are allocated between the RRI interest and non-retained certificates and the manner in which the non-retained certificate allocations are further allocated to certain classes of those certificates in ascending order (beginning with the non-offered certificates, other than the Class V and Class R certificates and the RRI interest) to reduce the balance of each such class to zero; provided that no principal payments or mortgage loan losses will be allocated to the Class X-A, Class X-B, Class |
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X-D, Class X-E, Class X-F, Class X-G, Class R or Class V certificates, although principal payments and mortgage loan losses may reduce the notional amounts of the Class X-A, Class X-B, Class X-D, Class X-E, Class X-F and Class X-G certificates and, therefore, the amount of interest they accrue. |
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(1) | The Class X-A, Class X-B, Class X-D, Class X-E, Class X-F and Class X-G certificates are interest-only certificates. |
(2) | The Class X-D, Class X-E, Class X-F and Class X-G certificates are non-offered certificates. |
(3) | Other than the Class X-D, Class X-E, Class X-F, Class X-G, Class R and Class V certificates and the RRI interest. |
Other than the subordination of certain classes of non-retained certificates, as described above, no other form of credit enhancement will be available for the benefit of the holders of the offered certificates. |
The notional amount of the Class X-A certificates will be reduced by the amount of principal losses or principal payments, if any, allocated to the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-SB certificates. The notional amount of the Class X-B certificates will be reduced by the amount of principal losses or principal payments, if |
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any, allocated to the Class A-S, Class B and Class C certificates. |
To the extent funds are available on a subsequent distribution date for distribution on your offered certificates, you will be reimbursed for any losses allocated to your offered certificates with interest at the pass-through rate on those offered certificates in accordance with the distribution priorities. |
See “Description of the Certificates—Subordination; Allocation of Realized Losses” and “Credit Risk Retention—RRI Interest—Allocation of Retained Certificate Realized Losses” for more detailed information regarding the subordination provisions applicable to the certificates and the allocation of losses to the certificates. |
F. Shortfalls in Available
Funds | Shortfalls will reduce the aggregate available funds and will correspondingly reduce the amount allocated to the RRI interest and non-retained certificates. The reduction in amounts available for distribution to the non-retained certificates will reduce distributions to the classes of certificates with the lowest payment priorities. Shortfalls may occur as a result of: |
· | the payment of special servicing fees and other additional compensation that the special servicer is entitled to receive; |
· | interest on advances made by the master servicer, the special servicer or the trustee (to the extent not covered by late payment charges or default interest paid by the related borrower); |
· | the application of appraisal reductions to reduce interest advances; |
· | extraordinary expenses of the issuing entity including indemnification payments payable to the parties to the pooling and servicing agreement; |
· | a modification of a mortgage loan’s interest rate or principal balance; and |
· | other unanticipated or default-related expenses of the issuing entity. |
In addition, prepayment interest shortfalls on the mortgage loans that are not covered by certain compensating interest payments made by the master servicer will be allocated between the RRI interest, on the one hand, and the non-retained certificates, on the other hand, in accordance with their respective |
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percentage allocation entitlement. The prepayment interest shortfalls allocated to the non-retained certificates are required to be further allocated among the classes of non-retained certificates (other than the Class V certificates) entitled to interest, on a pro rata basis, to reduce the amount of interest payable on each such class of certificates to the extent described in this prospectus. See “Description of the Certificates—Prepayment Interest Shortfalls”. |
G. Excess Interest | On each distribution date, any excess interest in respect of the increase in the interest rate on any mortgage loan with an anticipated repayment date after the related anticipated repayment date to the extent actually collected and applied as interest during a collection period will be distributed to the holders of the Class V certificates and the RRI interest on the related distribution date as set forth in “Description of the Certificates—Distributions—Excess Interest”. This excess interest will not be available to make distributions to any other class of certificates or to provide credit support for other classes of certificates or offset any interest shortfalls or to pay any other amounts to any other party under the pooling and servicing agreement. |
Advances
A. P&I Advances | The master servicer is required to advance a delinquent periodic payment on each mortgage loan (including any non-serviced mortgage loan) or any REO loan (other than any portion of an REO loan related to a companion loan), unless in each case, the master servicer or the special servicer determines that the advance would be non-recoverable. Neither the master servicer nor the trustee will be required to advance balloon payments due at maturity or an anticipated repayment date in excess of the regular periodic payment, interest in excess of a mortgage loan’s regular interest rate, default interest, late payment charges, prepayment premiums or yield maintenance charges. |
The amount of the interest portion of any advance will be subject to reduction to the extent that an appraisal reduction of the related mortgage loan has occurred (and with respect to any mortgage loan that is part of a whole loan, to the extent such appraisal reduction amount is allocated to the related mortgage loan). There may be other circumstances in which the master servicer will not be required to advance a full month of principal and/or interest. If the master servicer fails to make a required advance, the trustee will be required to make the advance, unless the trustee determines that |
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the advance would be non-recoverable. If an interest advance is made by the master servicer, the master servicer will not advance the portion of interest that constitutes its servicing fee, but will advance the portion of interest that constitutes the monthly fees payable to the certificate administrator, the trustee, the operating advisor and the asset representations reviewer and the CREFC® license fee. |
None of the master servicer, the special servicer or the trustee will make, or be permitted to make, any principal or interest advance with respect to any companion loan. |
See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Advances”. |
B. Property Protection
Advances | The master servicer may be required to make advances with respect to the mortgage loans (other than any non-serviced mortgage loan) and any related companion loan that it is required to service to pay delinquent real estate taxes, assessments and hazard insurance premiums and similar expenses necessary to: |
· | protect and maintain (and in the case of REO properties, lease and manage) the related mortgaged property; |
· | maintain the lien on the related mortgaged property; and/or |
· | enforce the related mortgage loan documents. |
The special servicer will have no obligation to make any property protection advances (although it may elect to make them in an emergency circumstance). If the special servicer makes a property protection advance, the master servicer will be required to reimburse the special servicer for that advance (unless the master servicer determines that the advance would be non-recoverable, in which case the advance will be reimbursed out of the collection account) and the master servicer will be deemed to have made that advance as of the date made by the special servicer. |
If the master servicer fails to make a required advance of this type, the trustee will be required to make this advance. None of the master servicer, the special servicer or the trustee is required to advance amounts determined by such party to be non-recoverable. |
See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Advances”. |
With respect to the non-serviced mortgage loan, the master servicer (and the trustee, as applicable) under |
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the trust and servicing agreement governing the servicing of that non-serviced whole loan will be required to make similar advances with respect to delinquent real estate taxes, assessments and hazard insurance premiums as described above. |
C. Interest on Advances | The master servicer, the special servicer and the trustee, as applicable, will be entitled to interest on the above described advances at the “Prime Rate” as published in The Wall Street Journal, as described in this prospectus. Interest accrued on outstanding advances may result in reductions in amounts otherwise payable on the certificates. Neither the master servicer nor the trustee will be entitled to interest on advances made with respect to principal and interest due on a mortgage loan until the related due date has passed and any grace period for late payments applicable to the mortgage loan has expired. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Advances”. |
With respect to the non-serviced mortgage loan, the applicable makers of advances under the related trust and servicing agreement governing the servicing of the non-serviced whole loan will similarly be entitled to interest on advances, and any accrued and unpaid interest on property protection advances made in respect of such non-serviced mortgage loan may be reimbursed from general collections on the other mortgage loans included in the issuing entity to the extent not recoverable from such non-serviced whole loan and to the extent allocable to such non-serviced mortgage loan in accordance with the related intercreditor agreement. |
The Mortgage Pool
The Mortgage Pool | The issuing entity’s primary assets will be forty (40) fixed rate commercial mortgage loans, each evidenced by one or more promissory notes secured by first mortgages, deeds of trust, deeds to secure debt or similar security instruments on the fee and/or leasehold estate of the related borrower in forty-six (46) commercial, multifamily or manufactured housing community properties. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—General”. |
The aggregate principal balance of the mortgage loans as of the cut-off date will be approximately $870,557,680. |
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Whole Loans
Unless otherwise expressly stated in this prospectus, the term “mortgage loan” refers to each of the forty (40) commercial mortgage loans to be held by the issuing entity. Of the mortgage loans, each mortgage loan in the table below is part of a larger whole loan, which is comprised of the related mortgage loan and one or more loans that are pari passu in right of payment to the related mortgage loan (each referred to in this prospectus as a “pari passu companion loan”) and, in certain cases, one or more loans that are subordinate in right of payment to the related mortgage loan (each referred to in this prospectus as a “subordinate companion loan”, and any pari passu companion loan or subordinate companion loan may also be referred to herein as a “companion loan”). The companion loans, together with their related mortgage loan, are referred to in this prospectus as a “whole loan”. |
Whole Loan Summary
Mortgage Loan Name | Mortgage | % of | Pari Passu Companion | Subordinate Companion Loan Cut-off Date Balance | Mortgage | Whole | Mortgage | Whole Loan Underwritten | ||||||||||||||||
The Shops at Crystals | $ | 80,000,000 | 9.2% | $ | 302,700,000 | $167,300,000 | 34.8% | 50.0% | 3.28x | �� | 2.28x | |||||||||||||
Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ | $ | 80,000,000 | 9.2% | $ | 345,000,000 | N/A | 35.5% | 35.5% | 6.28x | 6.28x | ||||||||||||||
One Stamford Forum | $ | 71,387,864 | 8.2% | $ | 38,439,619 | N/A | 48.4% | 48.4% | 1.55x | 1.55x | ||||||||||||||
Pinnacle II | $ | 40,000,000 | 4.6% | $ | 47,000,000 | N/A | 61.3% | 61.3% | 1.96x | 1.96x | ||||||||||||||
Simon Premium Outlets | $ | 37,399,290 | 4.3% | $ | 67,318,722 | N/A | 46.8% | 46.8% | 2.55x | 2.55x | ||||||||||||||
One Penn Center | $ | 35,000,000 | 4.0% | $ | 33,000,000 | N/A | 74.7% | 74.7% | 1.26x | 1.26x | ||||||||||||||
FedEx – Atlanta, GA | $ | 14,200,000 | 1.6% | $ | 14,200,000 | N/A | 54.3% | (3) | 54.3% | (3) | 2.40x | (3) | 2.40x | (3) | ||||||||||
FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL | $ | 11,837,500 | 1.4% | $ | 11,837,500 | N/A | 54.3% | (3) | 54.3% | (3) | 2.40x | (3) | 2.40x | (3) | ||||||||||
FedEx – Fife, WA | $ | 20,125,000 | 2.3% | $ | 20,125,000 | N/A | 54.4% | 54.4% | 2.43x | 2.43x | ||||||||||||||
FedEx – Boulder, CO | $ | 9,225,000 | 1.1% | $ | 9,225,000 | N/A | 53.5% | 53.5% | 2.37x | 2.37x |
(1) | Calculated including any related pari passu companion loans but excluding any related subordinate companion loan. |
(2) | Calculated including any related pari passu companion loans and any related subordinate companion loan. |
(3) | The FedEx – Atlanta, GA and FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL whole loans are cross-collateralized and cross-defaulted with one another. Applicable loan-to-value ratios and debt service coverage ratios are based upon the aggregate indebtedness evidenced by both whole loans (without regard to the limitation on the amount of indebtedness secured by the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL mortgaged property). |
Each of the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ whole loan, the One Stamford Forum whole loan, the Pinnacle II whole loan, the Simon Premium Outlets whole loan, the One Penn Center whole loan, the FedEx – Atlanta, GA whole loan, the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL whole loan, the FedEx – Fife, WA whole loan and the FedEx – Boulder, CO whole loan will be serviced by Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as master servicer, and Rialto Capital Advisors, LLC, as special servicer, pursuant to the pooling and servicing agreement for this transaction and is referred to in this prospectus as a “serviced whole loan”, and each related companion loan is referred to in this prospectus as a “serviced pari passu companion loan”. |
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For further information regarding the whole loans, see “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans”. |
Each whole loan identified in the table below will not be serviced under the pooling and servicing agreement and instead will be serviced under a separate trust and servicing agreement identified below entered into in connection with the securitization of one or more related companion loan(s) and is referred to in this prospectus as a “non-serviced whole loan”. The related mortgage loan is referred to as a “non-serviced mortgage loan” and the related companion loans are each referred to in this prospectus as a “non-serviced companion loan” or collectively, as the “non-serviced companion loans”. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan”. |
Non-Serviced Whole Loan(1)
Loan Name | Transaction/Trust Agreement | % of Initial Pool Balance | Master Servicer | Special | Trustee | ||||||
The Shops at Crystals | Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL | 9.2% | KeyBank National Association | AEGON USA Realty Advisors, LLC | Wells Fargo Bank, National Association |
Loan Name | Certificate Administrator | Custodian | Operating Advisor | Directing Certificateholder | ||||
The Shops at Crystals | Wells Fargo Bank, National Association | Wells Fargo Bank, National Association | N/A | Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America(2) |
(1) | As of the closing date of the related securitization. |
(2) | For further information regarding the “directing certificateholder” under The Shops at Crystal Trust 2016-CSTL trust and servicing agreement in respect of The Shops at Crystals whole loan, see “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans—The Non-Serviced Whole Loan—The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan—Consultation and Control.” |
For further information regarding the whole loans, see “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans”, and for information regarding the servicing of the non-serviced whole loan, see “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan”. |
Mortgage Loan Characteristics
The following tables set forth certain anticipated characteristics of the mortgage loans as of the cut-off date (unless otherwise indicated). Except as specifically provided in this prospectus, various information presented in this prospectus (including loan-to-value ratios, debt service coverage ratios, debt yields and cut-off date balances per net rentable square foot, pad, room or unit, as applicable) with respect to any mortgage loan with a pari passu companion loan or subordinate companion loan is calculated including the principal balance and debt service payment of the |
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related pari passu companion loan(s), but is calculated excluding the principal balance and debt service payment of the related subordinate companion loan (or any other subordinate debt encumbering the related mortgaged property or any related mezzanine debt or preferred equity). |
The sum of the numerical data in any column may not equal the indicated total due to rounding. Unless otherwise indicated, all figures and percentages presented in this “Summary of Terms” are calculated as described under “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Certain Calculations and Definitions” and, unless otherwise indicated, such figures and percentages are approximate and in each case, represent the indicated figure or percentage of the aggregate principal balance of the pool of mortgage loans as of the cut-off date. The principal balance of each mortgage loan as of the cut-off date assumes the timely receipt of principal scheduled to be paid on or before the cut-off date and no defaults, delinquencies or prepayments on, or modifications of, any mortgage loan on or prior to the cut-off date. Whenever percentages and other information in this prospectus are presented on the mortgaged property level rather than the mortgage loan level, the information for mortgage loans secured by more than one mortgaged property (or part of a group of more than one cross-collateralized mortgage loan) is based on allocated loan amounts as stated in Annex A-1. |
The mortgage loans will have the following approximate characteristics as of the cut-off date: |
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Cut-off Date Mortgage Loan Characteristics
All Mortgage Loans | |
Initial Pool Balance(1) | $870,557,680 |
Number of mortgage loans | 40 |
Number of mortgaged properties | 46 |
Number of crossed loans | 2 |
Crossed loans as a percentage | 3.0% |
Range of Cut-off Date Balances | $2,884,226 to $80,000,000 |
Average Cut-off Date Balance | $21,763,942 |
Range of Mortgage Rates | 2.798% to 5.320% |
Weighted average Mortgage Rate | 4.289% |
Range of original terms to maturity(2) | 120 months to 180 months |
Weighted average original term to maturity(2) | 120 months |
Range of remaining terms to maturity(2) | 109 months to 179 months |
Weighted average remaining term to maturity(2) | 119 months |
Range of original amortization terms(3) | 120 months to 360 months |
Weighted average original amortization term(3) | 345 months |
Range of remaining amortization terms(3) | 119 months to 360 months |
Weighted average remaining amortization term(3) | 344 months |
Range of Cut-off Date LTV Ratios(4) | 34.8% to 74.7% |
Weighted average Cut-off Date LTV Ratio(4) | 55.6% |
Range of LTV Ratios as of the maturity date(2)(4) | 0.2% to 67.6% |
Weighted average LTV Ratio as of the maturity date(2)(4) | 48.9% |
Range of U/W NCF DSCRs(4)(5) | 1.25x to 6.28x |
Weighted average U/W NCF DSCR(4)(5) | 2.35x |
Range of U/W NOI Debt Yields(4) | 7.2% to 18.1% |
Weighted average U/W NOI Debt Yield(4) | 12.2% |
Percentage of Initial Pool Balance consisting of: | |
Amortizing Balloon | 33.0% |
Interest-only, Amortizing Balloon | 28.9% |
Interest-only, Balloon | 28.3% |
Interest-only, ARD | 9.2% |
Fully Amortizing | 0.6% |
(1) | Subject to a permitted variance of plus or minus 5%. |
(2) | With respect to one (1) mortgage loan with an anticipated repayment date, identified on Annex A-1 as Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ, representing approximately 9.2% of the aggregate principal balance of the pool of mortgage loans as of the cut-off date, calculated as of the related anticipated repayment date. |
(3) | Excludes twelve (12) mortgage loans secured by the mortgaged properties identified on Annex A-1 as The Shops at Crystals, Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ, Pinnacle II, 633 Third Avenue – Retail Condo, FedEx-Atlanta, GA, FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL, FedEx – Fife, WA, So Cal Self Storage – Northridge, FedEx |
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Ground – South Bend, IN, So Cal Self Storage – Rancho Santa Margarita, FedEx – Boulder, CO and So Cal Self Storage – Camarillo, representing approximately 37.5% of the aggregate principal balance of the pool of mortgage loans as of the cut-off date, that are interest only for the entire term or until the anticipated repayment date, as applicable. |
(4) | In the case of ten (10) mortgage loans identified on Annex A-1 as The Shops at Crystals, Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ, One Stamford Forum, Pinnacle II, Simon Premium Outlets, One Penn Center, FedEx – Atlanta, GA, FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL, FedEx – Fife, WA and FedEx – Boulder, CO, representing approximately 45.9% of the aggregate principal balance of the pool of mortgage loans as of the cut-off date, each of which has one or more pari passu companion loans and/or subordinate companion loans that are not included in the issuing entity, the debt service coverage ratio, loan-to-value ratio and debt yield have been calculated including the related pari passu companion loan(s) but excluding any related subordinate companion loan. With respect to the mortgage loan secured by the mortgaged property identified on Annex A-1 as The Shops at Crystals, representing approximately 9.2% of the aggregate principal balance of the pool of mortgage loans as of the cut-off date, the related loan-to-value ratio as of the cut-off date and underwritten net cash flow debt service coverage ratio calculated including the related subordinate companion loans are 50.0% and 2.28x, respectively. In general, when a mortgage loan is cross-collateralized and cross-defaulted with one or more other mortgage loans, we present loan-to-value ratio, debt service coverage ratio and debt yield information for the cross-collateralized group on an aggregate basis in the manner described in this prospectus (without regard to the limitation on the amount of indebtedness secured by the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL mortgaged property). On an individual basis, without regard to the cross-collateralization feature, any mortgage loan that is part of a cross-collateralized group of mortgage loans may have a higher loan-to-value ratio, lower debt service coverage ratio and/or lower debt yield than is presented in this prospectus. |
(5) | Debt service coverage ratios are calculated using the average of the principal and interest payments for the first twelve payment periods of the mortgage loan following the cut-off date, provided that (i) in the case of a mortgage loan that provides for interest-only payments through maturity or its anticipated repayment date, as applicable, such items are calculated based on the interest payments scheduled to be due on the first due date following the cut-off date and the 11 due dates thereafter for such mortgage loan and (ii) in the case of a mortgage loan that provides for an initial interest-only period that ends prior to maturity or its anticipated repayment date, as applicable, and provides for scheduled amortization payments thereafter, such items are calculated based on the monthly payment of principal and interest payable for the 12 payment periods immediately following the expiration of the interest-only period. |
All of the mortgage loans accrue interest on an actual/360 basis. |
For further information regarding the Mortgage Loans, see “Description of the Mortgage Pool”. |
Modified and Refinanced
Loans | As of the cut-off date, none of the mortgage loans were modified due to a delinquency. |
See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Loan Purpose; Default History, Bankruptcy Issues and Other Proceedings”. |
Loans with Limited
Operating History | With respect to seven (7) of the mortgaged properties securing seven (7) mortgage loans representing approximately 8.8% of the aggregate principal balance of the pool of mortgage loans as of the cut-off date (by allocated loan amount), such mortgaged properties |
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(i) were constructed or the subject of a major renovation that was completed within 12 calendar months prior to the cut-off date and, therefore, the related mortgaged property has no or limited prior operating history, (ii) have a borrower or an affiliate under the related mortgage loan that acquired the related mortgaged property within 12 calendar months prior to the cut-off date and such borrower or affiliate was unable to provide the related mortgage loan seller with historical financial information for such acquired mortgaged property or (iii) are single tenant properties subject to triple-net leases with the related tenant where the related borrower did not provide the related mortgage loan seller with historical financial information for the related mortgaged property. |
See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Certain Calculations and Definitions” and “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Mortgaged Properties With Limited Prior Operating History”. |
Certain Variances from
Underwriting Standards | Each of the mortgage loans was originated in accordance with the related mortgage loan seller’s underwriting guidelines described under “Transaction Parties—The Sponsors and Mortgage Loan Sellers”. |
See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Exceptions to Underwriting Guidelines”, “Transaction Parties—The Sponsors and Mortgage Loan Sellers—Wells Fargo Bank, National Association—Wells Fargo Bank’s Commercial Mortgage Loan Underwriting”; “—Bank of America, National Association—Bank of America’s Commercial Mortgage Loan Underwriting Standards” and “—Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC—Morgan Stanley Group’s Underwriting Standards”. |
Additional Aspects of Certificates
Denominations | The offered certificates with certificate balances that are initially offered and sold to purchasers will be issued in minimum denominations of $10,000 and integral multiples of $1 in excess of $10,000. The certificates with notional amounts will be issued, maintained and transferred only in minimum denominations of authorized initial notional amounts of not less than $1,000,000 and in integral multiples of $1 in excess of $1,000,000. |
Registration, Clearance
and Settlement | Each class of offered certificates will initially be registered in the name of Cede & Co., as nominee of The Depository Trust Company, or DTC. |
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You may hold offered certificates through: (1) DTC in the United States; or (2) Clearstream Banking, société anonyme or Euroclear Bank, as operator of the Euroclear System. Transfers within DTC, Clearstream Banking, société anonyme or Euroclear Bank, as operator of the Euroclear System, will be made in accordance with the usual rules and operating procedures of those systems. |
We may elect to terminate the book-entry system through DTC (with the consent of the DTC participants), Clearstream Banking, société anonyme or Euroclear Bank, as operator of the Euroclear System, with respect to all or any portion of any class of the offered certificates. |
See “Description of the Certificates—Delivery, Form, Transfer and Denomination—Book-Entry Registration”. |
Credit Risk Retention | For a discussion of the manner in which the credit risk retention requirements, if they were in effect, would be satisfied by Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as retaining sponsor, see “Credit Risk Retention”. |
EU Securitization Risk
Retention
Requirements | For a discussion of the manner in which each of Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, Bank of America, National Association and Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A. will covenant and represent to each other, the issuing entity, the depositor, the certificate administrator and the trustee to retain a material net economic interest in the securitization for the purpose of the EU risk retention requirements and due diligence requirements, see “EU Securitization Risk Retention Requirements”. |
Information Available to
Certificateholders | On each distribution date, the certificate administrator will prepare and make available to each certificateholder of record, initially expected to be Cede & Co., a statement as to the distributions being made on that date. Additionally, under certain circumstances, certificateholders of record may be entitled to certain other information regarding the issuing entity. See “Description of the Certificates—Reports to Certificateholders; Certain Available Information”. |
Deal Information/Analytics | Certain information concerning the mortgage loans and the certificates may be available to subscribers through the following services: |
· | Bloomberg, L.P., Trepp, LLC, Intex Solutions, Inc., Interactive Data Corp., Markit Group Limited, BlackRock Financial Management, Inc., CMBS.com, Inc. and Thomson Reuters Corporation; |
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· | The certificate administrator’s website initially located at www.ctslink.com; and |
· | The master servicer’s website initially located at www.wellsfargo.com/com. |
Optional Termination | On any distribution date on which the aggregate principal balance of the pool of mortgage loans is less than (or, in the case of clause (ii) below, less than or equal to) the greatest of (i) 1.0% of the aggregate principal balance of the mortgage loans as of the cut-off date, or (ii) if the mortgage loan identified on Annex A-1 as South Main Shopping Center is an asset of the trust fund, the sum of the outstanding principal balance of the mortgage loan identified on Annex A-1 as South Main Shopping Center on any date of determination and 1.0% of the aggregate principal balance of the mortgage loans as of the cut-off date, certain entities specified in this prospectus will have the option to purchase all of the remaining mortgage loans (and all property acquired through exercise of remedies in respect of any mortgage loan) at the price specified in this prospectus; provided, however, that this termination right will not be exercisable at the percentage threshold specified in clause (ii) above earlier than the distribution date in September 2026. |
The issuing entity may also be terminated in connection with a voluntary exchange of all the then-outstanding certificates (other than the Class V and Class R certificates and the RRI interest) and deemed payment of a price specified in this prospectus for the mortgage loans then held by the issuing entity, provided that (i) the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3, Class A-SB, Class A-S, Class B, Class C, Class D and Class E certificates are no longer outstanding, (ii) there is only one holder (or multiple holders acting unanimously) of the outstanding certificates (other than the Class V and Class R certificates and the RRI interest), (iii) such holder (or holders) pay an amount equal to the RRI interest’s proportionate share of the price specified in this prospectus and (iv) the master servicer consents to the exchange. |
See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Termination; Retirement of Certificates”. |
Required Repurchases or
Substitutions of Mortgage
Loans; Loss of Value
Payment | Under certain circumstances, the related mortgage loan seller may be obligated to (i) repurchase (without payment of any yield maintenance charge or prepayment premium) or substitute an affected |
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mortgage loan from the issuing entity or (ii) make a cash payment that would be deemed sufficient to compensate the issuing entity in the event of a document defect or a breach of a representation and warranty made by the related mortgage loan seller with respect to the mortgage loan in the related mortgage loan purchase agreement that materially and adversely affects the value of the mortgage loan, the value of the related mortgaged property or the interests of any certificateholders in the mortgage loan or mortgaged property or causes the mortgage loan to be other than a “qualified mortgage” within the meaning of Section 860G(a)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (but without regard to the rule of Treasury regulations Section 1.860G-2(f)(2) that causes a defective loan to be treated as a “qualified mortgage”). See “Description of the Mortgage Loan Purchase Agreements—General”. |
Sale of Defaulted Loans | Pursuant to the pooling and servicing agreement, under certain circumstances the special servicer is required to use reasonable efforts to solicit offers for defaulted serviced mortgage loans (or a defaulted serviced whole loan and/or related REO properties) and, in the absence of a cash offer at least equal to its outstanding principal balance plus all accrued and unpaid interest and outstanding costs and expenses and certain other amounts under the pooling and servicing agreement, may accept the first (and, if multiple offers are received, the highest) cash offer from any person that constitutes a fair price for the defaulted serviced mortgage loan (or defaulted whole loan) or related REO property, determined as described in “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Realization Upon Mortgage Loans” and “—Sale of Defaulted Loans and REO Properties”, unless the special servicer determines, in accordance with the servicing standard (and subject to the requirements of any related intercreditor agreement), that rejection of such offer would be in the best interests of the certificateholders and any related companion loan holder (as a collective whole as if such certificateholders and such companion loan holder constituted a single lender). |
With respect to any non-serviced mortgage loan, if a related pari passu companion loan becomes a defaulted mortgage loan under the trust and servicing agreement for the related pari passu companion loan and the special servicer under the related trust and servicing agreement for the related pari passu companion loan(s) determines to sell such pari passu companion loan(s), then that special servicer will be required to sell such non-serviced mortgage loan together with the related pari passu companion loan(s) and any related |
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subordinate companion loan(s) in a manner similar to that described above. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans”. |
Tax Status | Elections will be made to treat designated portions of the issuing entity (exclusive of interest that is deferred after the anticipated repayment date of each mortgage loan with an anticipated repayment date and the excess interest distribution account) as two separate REMICs – the lower-tier REMIC and the upper-tier REMIC – for federal income tax purposes. |
| In addition, the portion of the issuing entity consisting of the excess interest accrued on the mortgage loan with an anticipated repayment date, beneficial ownership of which is represented by the Class V certificates and the RRI interest will be treated as a grantor trust for federal income tax purposes. |
Pertinent federal income tax consequences of an investment in the offered certificates include: |
· | Each class of offered certificates will constitute REMIC “regular interests”. |
· | The offered certificates will be treated as newly originated debt instruments for federal income tax purposes. |
· | You will be required to report income on your offered certificates using the accrual method of accounting. |
· | It is anticipated that the Class [__] and Class [__] certificates will be issued with original issue discount and that the Class [__] certificates will be issued at a premium for federal income tax purposes. |
See “Material Federal Income Tax Considerations”. |
Certain ERISA
Considerations | Subject to important considerations described under “Certain ERISA Considerations”, the offered certificates are eligible for purchase by persons investing assets of employee benefit plans or individual retirement accounts. |
Legal Investment | None of the certificates will constitute “mortgage related securities” for purposes of the Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act of 1984, as amended. |
If your investment activities are subject to legal investment laws and regulations, regulatory capital requirements, or review by regulatory authorities, then you may be subject to restrictions on investment in the certificates. You should consult your own legal advisors |
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for assistance in determining the suitability of and consequences to you of the purchase, ownership, and sale of the certificates. |
The issuing entity will not be registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. The issuing entity will be relying on an exclusion or exemption from the definition of “investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, contained in Section 3(c)(5) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or Rule 3a-7 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, although there may be additional exclusions or exemptions available to the issuing entity. The issuing entity is being structured so as not to constitute a “covered fund” for purposes of the Volcker Rule under the Dodd-Frank Act (both as defined in this prospectus). |
See “Legal Investment”. |
Ratings | The offered certificates will not be issued unless each of the offered classes receives a credit rating from one or more of the nationally recognized statistical rating organizations engaged by the depositor to rate the offered certificates. The decision not to engage one or more other rating agencies in the rating of certain classes of certificates to be issued in connection with this transaction, may negatively impact the liquidity, market value and regulatory characteristics of those classes of certificates. Neither the depositor nor any other person or entity will have any duty to notify you if any other nationally recognized statistical rating organization issues, or delivers notice of its intention to issue, unsolicited ratings on one or more classes of certificates after the date of this prospectus. |
See “Risk Factors—Other Risks Relating to the Certificates—Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations May Assign Different Ratings to the Certificates; Ratings of the Certificates Reflect Only the Views of the Applicable Rating Agencies as of the Dates Such Ratings Were Issued; Ratings May Affect ERISA Eligibility; Ratings May Be Downgraded” and “Ratings��. |
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Risk Factors
You should carefully consider the following risks before making an investment decision. In particular, distributions on your certificates will depend on payments received on, and other recoveries with respect to the mortgage loans. Therefore, you should carefully consider the risk factors relating to the mortgage loans and the mortgaged properties.
If any of the following events or circumstances identified as risks actually occur or materialize, your investment could be materially and adversely affected. We note that additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us may also impair your investment.
This prospectus also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including the risks described below and elsewhere in this prospectus.
The Certificates May Not Be a Suitable Investment for You
The certificates will not be suitable investments for all investors. In particular, you should not purchase any class of certificates unless you understand and are able to bear the risk that the yield to maturity and the aggregate amount and timing of distributions on the certificates will be subject to material variability from period to period and give rise to the potential for significant loss over the life of the certificates. The interaction of the foregoing factors and their effects are impossible to predict and are likely to change from time to time. As a result, an investment in the certificates involves substantial risks and uncertainties and should be considered only by sophisticated institutional investors with substantial investment experience with similar types of securities and who have conducted appropriate due diligence on the mortgage loans, the mortgaged properties and the certificates.
Combination or “Layering” of Multiple Risks May Significantly Increase Risk of Loss
Although the various risks discussed in this prospectus are generally described separately, you should consider the potential effects of the interplay of multiple risk factors. Where more than one significant risk factor is present, the risk of loss to an investor in the certificates may be significantly increased.
Risks Related to Market Conditions and Other External Factors
The Volatile Economy, Credit Crisis and Downturn in the Real Estate Market Have Adversely Affected and May Continue To Adversely Affect the Value of CMBS
In recent years, the real estate and securitization markets, including the market for commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”), experienced significant dislocations, illiquidity and volatility. We cannot assure you that another dislocation in CMBS will not occur.
Any economic downturn may adversely affect the financial resources of borrowers under commercial mortgage loans and may result in their inability to make payments on, or refinance, their outstanding mortgage debt when due or to sell their mortgaged properties
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for an aggregate amount sufficient to pay off the outstanding debt when due. As a result, distributions of principal and interest on your certificates, and the value of your certificates, could be adversely affected.
Other Events May Affect the Value and Liquidity of Your Investment
Moreover, other types of events, domestic or international, may affect general economic conditions and financial markets:
· | Wars, revolts, terrorist attacks, armed conflicts, energy supply or price disruptions, political crises, natural disasters and man-made disasters may have an adverse effect on the mortgaged properties and/or your certificates; and |
· | Trading activity associated with indices of CMBS may drive spreads on those indices wider than spreads on CMBS, thereby resulting in a decrease in value of such CMBS, including your certificates, and spreads on those indices may be affected by a variety of factors, and may or may not be affected for reasons involving the commercial and multifamily real estate markets and may be affected for reasons that are unknown and cannot be discerned. |
You should consider that the foregoing factors may adversely affect the performance of the mortgage loans and accordingly the performance of the offered certificates.
Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans
Mortgage Loans Are Non-Recourse and Are Not Insured or Guaranteed
The mortgage loans are not insured or guaranteed by any person or entity, governmental or otherwise.
Investors should treat each mortgage loan as a non-recourse loan. If a default occurs on a non-recourse loan, recourse generally may be had only against the specific mortgaged properties and other assets that have been pledged to secure the mortgage loan. Consequently, payment prior to maturity is dependent primarily on the sufficiency of the net operating income of the mortgaged property. Payment at maturity or anticipated repayment date is primarily dependent upon the market value of the mortgaged property or the borrower’s ability to refinance or sell the mortgaged property.
Although the mortgage loans generally are non-recourse in nature, certain mortgage loans contain non-recourse carveouts for liabilities such as liabilities as a result of fraud by the borrower, certain voluntary insolvency proceedings or other matters. Certain mortgage loans set forth under “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Non-Recourse Carveout Limitations” either do not contain non-recourse carveouts or contain material limitations to non-recourse carveouts. Often these obligations are guaranteed by an affiliate of the related borrower, although liability under any such guaranty may be capped or otherwise limited in amount or scope. Furthermore, certain guarantors may be foreign entities or individuals which, while subject to the domestic governing law provisions in the guaranty and related mortgage loan documents, could nevertheless require enforcement of any judgment in relation to a guaranty in a foreign jurisdiction, which could, in turn, cause a significant time delay or result in the inability to enforce the guaranty under foreign law. Additionally, the guarantor’s net worth and liquidity may be less (and in some cases, materially less) than amounts due under the related mortgage loan or the guarantor’s sole asset may be its interest in the related borrower. Certain mortgage loans may have the benefit of a general payment guaranty of a portion of the indebtedness under the mortgage
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loan. In all cases, however, the mortgage loans should be considered to be non-recourse obligations because neither the depositor nor the sponsors make any representation or warranty as to the obligation or ability of any borrower or guarantor to pay any deficiencies between any foreclosure proceeds and the mortgage loan indebtedness.
Risks of Commercial and Multifamily Lending Generally
The mortgage loans will be secured by various income-producing commercial and multifamily properties. The repayment of a commercial or multifamily loan is typically dependent upon the ability of the related mortgaged property to produce cash flow through the collection of rents. Even the liquidation value of a commercial property is determined, in substantial part, by the capitalization of the property’s ability to produce cash flow. However, net operating income can be volatile and may be insufficient to cover debt service on the loan at any given time.
The net operating incomes and property values of the mortgaged properties may be adversely affected by a large number of factors. Some of these factors relate to the properties themselves, such as:
· | the age, design and construction quality of the properties; |
· | perceptions regarding the safety, convenience and attractiveness of the properties; |
· | the characteristics and desirability of the area where the property is located; |
· | the strength and nature of the local economy, including labor costs and quality, tax environment and quality of life for employees; |
· | the proximity and attractiveness of competing properties; |
· | the adequacy of the property’s management and maintenance; |
· | increases in interest rates, real estate taxes and operating expenses at the property and in relation to competing properties; |
· | an increase in the capital expenditures needed to maintain the properties or make improvements; |
· | the dependence upon a single tenant or concentration of tenants in a particular business or industry; |
· | a decline in the businesses operated by tenants or in their financial condition; |
· | an increase in vacancy rates; and |
· | a decline in rental rates as leases are renewed or entered into with new tenants. |
Other factors are more general in nature, such as:
· | national or regional economic conditions, including plant closings, military base closings, industry slowdowns, oil and/or gas drilling facility slowdowns or closings and unemployment rates; |
· | local real estate conditions, such as an oversupply of competing properties, retail space, office space, multifamily housing or hotel capacity; |
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· | demographic factors; |
· | consumer confidence; |
· | consumer tastes and preferences; |
· | political factors; |
· | environmental factors; |
· | seismic activity risk; |
· | retroactive changes in building codes; |
· | changes or continued weakness in specific industry segments; |
· | location of certain mortgaged properties in less densely populated or less affluent areas; and |
· | the public perception of safety for customers and clients. |
The volatility of net operating income will be influenced by many of the foregoing factors, as well as by:
· | the length of tenant leases (including that in certain cases, all or substantially all of the tenants, or one or more sole, anchor or other major tenants, at a particular mortgaged property may have leases that expire or permit the tenant(s) to terminate its lease during the term of the loan); |
· | the quality and creditworthiness of tenants; |
· | tenant defaults; |
· | in the case of rental properties, the rate at which new rentals occur; and |
· | the property’s “operating leverage”, which is generally the percentage of total property expenses in relation to revenue, the ratio of fixed operating expenses to those that vary with revenues, and the level of capital expenditures required to maintain the property and to retain or replace tenants. |
A decline in the real estate market or in the financial condition of a major tenant will tend to have a more immediate effect on the net operating income of properties with relatively higher operating leverage or short term revenue sources, such as short term or month to month leases, and may lead to higher rates of delinquency or defaults.
Performance of the Mortgage Loans Will Be Highly Dependent on the Performance of Tenants and Tenant Leases
General
Any tenant may, from time to time, experience a downturn in its business, which may weaken its financial condition and result in a reduction or failure to make rental payments when due. If tenants’ sales were to decline, percentage rents may decline and, further, tenants may be unable to pay their base rent or other occupancy costs. If a tenant defaults in its obligations to a property owner, that property owner may experience delays in enforcing its rights as lessor and may incur substantial costs and experience significant
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delays associated with protecting its investment, including costs incurred in renovating and reletting the property.
Additionally, the income from, and market value of, the mortgaged properties leased to various tenants would be adversely affected if:
· | space in the mortgaged properties could not be leased or re-leased or substantial re-leasing costs were required and/or the cost of performing landlord obligations under existing leases materially increased; |
· | leasing or re-leasing is restricted by exclusive rights of tenants to lease the mortgaged properties or other covenants not to lease space for certain uses or activities, or covenants limiting the types of tenants to which space may be leased; |
· | a significant tenant were to become a debtor in a bankruptcy case; |
· | rental payments could not be collected for any other reason; or |
· | a borrower fails to perform its obligations under a lease resulting in the related tenant having a right to terminate such lease. |
Certain tenants currently may be in a rent abatement period. We cannot assure you that such tenants will be in a position to pay full rent when the abatement period expires. We cannot assure you that the net operating income contributed by the mortgaged properties will remain at its current or past levels.
A Tenant Concentration May Result in Increased Losses
Mortgaged properties that are owner-occupied or leased to a single tenant, or a tenant that makes up a significant portion of the rental income, also are more susceptible to interruptions of cash flow if that tenant’s business operations are negatively impacted or if such tenant fails to renew its lease. This is so because:
· | the financial effect of the absence of rental income may be severe; |
· | more time may be required to re-lease the space; and |
· | substantial capital costs may be incurred to make the space appropriate for replacement tenants. |
In the event of a default by that tenant, if the related lease expires prior to the mortgage loan maturity date and the related tenant fails to renew its lease or if such tenant exercises an early termination option, there would likely be an interruption of rental payments under the lease and, accordingly, insufficient funds available to the borrower to pay the debt service on the mortgage loan. In certain cases where the tenant owns the improvements on the mortgaged property, the related borrower may be required to purchase such improvements in connection with the exercise of its remedies.
With respect to certain of these mortgaged properties that are leased to a single tenant, the related leases may expire prior to, or soon after, the maturity dates of the mortgage loans or the related tenant may have the right to terminate the lease prior to the maturity date of the mortgage loan. If the current tenant does not renew its lease on comparable economic terms to the expired lease, if a single tenant terminates its lease or if a suitable replacement tenant does not enter into a new lease on similar economic terms, there could be a negative impact on the payments on the related mortgage loan.
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A deterioration in the financial condition of a tenant, the failure of a tenant to renew its lease or the exercise by a tenant of an early termination right can be particularly significant if a mortgaged property is owner-occupied, leased to a single tenant, or if any tenant makes up a significant portion of the rental income at the mortgaged property.
Concentrations of particular tenants among the mortgaged properties or within a particular business or industry at one or multiple mortgaged properties increase the possibility that financial problems with such tenants or such business or industry sectors could affect the mortgage loans. In addition, the mortgage loans may be adversely affected if a tenant at the mortgaged property is highly specialized, or dependent on a single industry or only a few customers for its revenue. See “—Tenant Bankruptcy Could Result in a Rejection of the Related Lease” below, and “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Tenant Issues—Tenant Concentrations” for information on tenant concentrations in the mortgage pool.
Mortgaged Properties Leased to Multiple Tenants Also Have Risks
If a mortgaged property has multiple tenants, re-leasing expenditures may be more frequent than in the case of mortgaged properties with fewer tenants, thereby reducing the cash flow available for payments on the related mortgage loan. Multi-tenant mortgaged properties also may experience higher continuing vacancy rates and greater volatility in rental income and expenses. See Annex A-1 for tenant lease expiration dates for the 5 largest tenants at each mortgaged property.
Mortgaged Properties Leased to Borrowers or Borrower Affiliated Entities Also Have Risks
If a mortgaged property is leased in whole or substantial part to the borrower under the mortgage loan or to an affiliate of the borrower, there may be conflicts of interest. For instance, it is more likely a landlord will waive lease conditions for an affiliated tenant than it would for an unaffiliated tenant. We cannot assure you that the conflicts of interest arising where a borrower is affiliated with a tenant at a mortgaged property will not adversely impact the value of the related mortgage loan.
In certain cases, an affiliated lessee may be a tenant under a master lease with the related borrower, under which the tenant is obligated to make rent payments but does not occupy any space at the mortgaged property. Master leases in these circumstances may be used to bring occupancy to a “stabilized” level with the intent of finding additional tenants to occupy some or all of the master leased space, but may not provide additional economic support for the mortgage loan. If a mortgaged property is leased in whole or substantial part to the borrower or to an affiliate of the borrower, a deterioration in the financial condition of the borrower or its affiliate could significantly affect the borrower’s ability to perform under the mortgage loan as it would directly interrupt the cash flow from the mortgaged property if the borrower’s or its affiliate’s financial condition worsens. We cannot assure you that any space leased by a borrower or an affiliate of the borrower will eventually be occupied by third party tenants.
See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Tenant Issues—Affiliated Leases” for information on properties leased in whole or in part to borrowers and their affiliates.
Tenant Bankruptcy Could Result in a Rejection of the Related Lease
The bankruptcy or insolvency of a major tenant or a number of smaller tenants, such as in retail properties, may have an adverse impact on the mortgaged properties affected and
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the income produced by such mortgaged properties. Under the federal bankruptcy code, a tenant has the option of assuming or rejecting or, subject to certain conditions, assuming and assigning to a third party, any unexpired lease. If the tenant rejects the lease, the landlord’s claim for breach of the lease would (absent collateral securing the claim) be treated as a general unsecured claim against the tenant and a lessor’s damages for lease rejection are generally subject to certain limitations. We cannot assure you that tenants of the mortgaged properties will continue making payments under their leases or that tenants will not file for bankruptcy protection in the future or, if any tenants do file, that they will continue to make rental payments in a timely manner. See “Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans—Bankruptcy Laws”. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Loan Purpose; Default History, Bankruptcy Issues and Other Proceedings” for information regarding bankruptcy issues with respect to certain mortgage loans.
In the case of certain mortgage loans included in the mortgage pool, it may be possible that the related master lease could be construed in a bankruptcy as a financing lease or other arrangement under which the related master lessee (and/or its affiliates) would be deemed as effectively the owner of the related mortgaged property, rather than a tenant, which could result in potentially adverse consequences for the trust, as the holder of such mortgage loan, including a potentially greater risk of an unfavorable plan of reorganization and competing claims of creditors of the related master lessee and/or its affiliates. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Tenant Issues—Affiliated Leases”.
Leases That Are Not Subordinated to the Lien of the Mortgage or Do Not Contain Attornment Provisions May Have an Adverse Impact at Foreclosure
In certain jurisdictions, if tenant leases are subordinated to the liens created by the mortgage but do not contain attornment provisions that require the tenant to recognize a successor owner, the tenants may terminate their leases upon the transfer of the property to a foreclosing lender or purchaser at foreclosure. Accordingly, if a mortgaged property is located in such a jurisdiction and is leased to one or more desirable tenants under leases that are subordinate to the mortgage and do not contain attornment provisions, such mortgaged property could experience a further decline in value if such tenants’ leases were terminated. This is particularly likely if those tenants were paying above-market rents or could not be replaced. If a lease is not subordinate to a mortgage, the issuing entity will not possess the right to dispossess the tenant upon foreclosure of the mortgaged property (unless otherwise agreed to with the tenant). Also, if the lease contains provisions inconsistent with the mortgage (e.g., provisions relating to application of insurance proceeds or condemnation awards) or which could affect the enforcement of the lender’s rights (e.g., a right of first refusal to purchase the property), the provisions of the lease will take precedence over the provisions of the mortgage. Not all leases were reviewed to ascertain the existence of attornment or subordination provisions.
With respect to certain of the mortgage loans, the related borrower may have given to certain tenants or others an option to purchase, a right of first refusal and/or a right of first offer to purchase all or a portion of the mortgaged property in the event a sale is contemplated, and such right is not subordinate to the related mortgage. This may impede the mortgagee’s ability to sell the related mortgaged property at foreclosure, or, upon foreclosure, this may affect the value and/or marketability of the related mortgaged property. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Tenant Issues—Purchase Options and Rights of First Refusal” for information regarding material purchase options and/or rights of first refusal, if any, with respect to mortgaged properties securing certain mortgage loans.
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Early Lease Termination Options May Reduce Cash Flow
Leases often give tenants the right to terminate the related lease, abate or reduce the related rent, and/or exercise certain remedies against the related borrower for various reasons or upon various conditions, including:
· | if the borrower for the applicable mortgaged property allows uses at the mortgaged property in violation of use restrictions in current tenant leases, |
· | if the borrower or any of its affiliates owns other properties within a certain radius of the mortgaged property and allows uses at those properties in violation of use restrictions, |
· | if the related borrower fails to provide a designated number of parking spaces, |
· | if there is construction at the related mortgaged property or an adjacent property (whether or not such adjacent property is owned or controlled by the borrower or any of its affiliates) that may interfere with visibility of, access to or a tenant’s use of the mortgaged property or otherwise violate the terms of a tenant’s lease, |
· | upon casualty or condemnation with respect to all or a portion of the mortgaged property that renders such mortgaged property unsuitable for a tenant’s use or if the borrower fails to rebuild such mortgaged property within a certain time, |
· | if a tenant’s use is not permitted by zoning or applicable law, |
· | if the tenant is unable to exercise an expansion right, |
· | if the landlord defaults on its obligations under the lease, |
· | if a landlord leases space at the mortgaged property or within a certain radius of the mortgaged property to a competitor, |
· | if the tenant fails to meet certain sales targets or other business objectives for a specified period of time, |
· | if significant tenants at the subject property go dark or terminate their leases, or if a specified percentage of the mortgaged property is unoccupied, |
· | if the landlord violates the tenant’s exclusive use rights for a specified period of time, |
· | if the related borrower violates covenants under the related lease or if third parties take certain actions that adversely affect such tenants’ business or operations, |
· | in the case of government sponsored tenants, at any time or for lack of appropriations, or |
· | if the related borrower violates covenants under the related lease or if third parties take certain actions that adversely affect such tenants’ business or operations. |
In certain cases, compliance or satisfaction of landlord covenants may be the responsibility of a third party affiliated with the borrower or, in the event that partial releases of the applicable mortgaged property are permitted, an unaffiliated or affiliated third party.
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Any exercise of a termination right by a tenant at a mortgaged property could result in vacant space at the related mortgaged property, renegotiation of the lease with the related tenant or re-letting of the space. Any such vacated space may not be re-let. Furthermore, such foregoing termination and/or abatement rights may arise in the future or materially adversely affect the related borrower’s ability to meet its obligations under the related mortgage loan documents. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Tenant Issues—Lease Expirations and Terminations” for information on material tenant lease expirations and early termination options.
Mortgaged Properties Leased to Not-for-Profit Tenants Also Have Risks
Certain mortgaged properties may have tenants that are charitable institutions that generally rely on contributions from individuals and government grants or other subsidies to pay rent on office space and other operating expenses. We cannot assure you that the rate, frequency and level of individual contributions or governmental grants and subsidies will continue with respect to any such institution. A reduction in contributions or grants may impact the ability of the related institution to pay rent, and we cannot assure you that the related borrower will be in a position to meet its obligations under the related mortgage loan documents if such tenant fails to pay its rent.
Office Properties Have Special Risks
In addition to the factors discussed in “—Risks of Commercial and Multifamily Lending Generally” and “—Performance of the Mortgage Loans Will Be Highly Dependent on the Performance of Tenants and Tenant Leases” above, other factors may adversely affect the financial performance and value of office properties, including:
· | the physical attributes of the building in relation to competing buildings (e.g., age, condition, design, appearance, access to transportation and ability to offer certain amenities, such as sophisticated building systems and/or business wiring requirements); |
· | the adaptability of the building to changes in the technological needs of the tenants; |
· | an adverse change in population, patterns of telecommuting or sharing of office space, and employment growth (which creates demand for office space); and |
· | in the case of a medical office property, (a) the proximity of such property to a hospital or other healthcare establishment, (b) reimbursements for patient fees from private or government sponsored insurers, (c) its ability to attract doctors and nurses to be on staff, and (d) its ability to afford and acquire the latest medical equipment. Issues related to reimbursement (ranging from nonpayment to delays in payment) from such insurers could adversely impact cash flow at such mortgaged property. |
Moreover, the cost of refitting office space for a new tenant is often higher than the cost of refitting other types of properties for new tenants.
If one or more major tenants at a particular office property were to close or remain vacant, we cannot assure you that such tenants would be replaced in a timely manner or without incurring material additional costs to the related borrower and resulting in an adverse effect on the financial performance of the property.
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See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Property Types—Office Properties”.
Retail Properties Have Special Risks
The value of retail properties is significantly affected by the quality of the tenants as well as fundamental aspects of real estate, such as location and market demographics, as further described in “—Risks of Commercial and Multifamily Lending Generally” and “—Performance of the Mortgage Loans Will Be Highly Dependent on the Performance of Tenants and Tenant Leases” above. The correlation between success of tenant business and a retail property’s value may be more direct with respect to retail properties than other types of commercial property because a component of the total rent paid by certain retail tenants is often tied to a percentage of gross sales.
Whether a retail property is “anchored”, “shadow anchored” or “unanchored” is also an important consideration. Retail properties that have anchor tenant-owned stores often have reciprocal easement and/or operating agreements (each, an “REA”) between the retail property owner and such anchor tenants containing certain operating and maintenance covenants. Although an anchor tenant is often required to pay a contribution toward common area maintenance and real estate taxes on the improvements and related real property, an anchor tenant that owns its own parcel does not pay rent. However, the presence or absence of an “anchor tenant” or a “shadow anchor tenant” in or near a retail property also can be important because anchors play a key role in generating customer traffic and making a retail property desirable for other tenants. Many of the retail properties that will secure one or more mortgage loans will also have shadow anchor tenants. An “anchor tenant” is located on the related mortgaged property, usually proportionately larger in size than most or all other tenants in the mortgaged property and is vital in attracting customers to a retail property. A “shadow anchor tenant” is usually proportionally larger in size than most tenants in the mortgaged property, is important in attracting customers to a retail property and is located sufficiently close and convenient to the mortgaged property so as to influence and attract potential customers, but is not located on the mortgaged property.
The economic performance of an anchored or shadow anchored retail property will consequently be adversely affected by:
· | an anchor tenant’s or shadow anchor tenant’s failure to renew its lease or the termination of an anchor tenant’s or shadow anchor tenant’s lease; |
· | an anchor tenant’s or shadow anchor tenant’s decision to vacate; |
· | the bankruptcy or economic decline of an anchor tenant, shadow anchor or self-owned anchor; or |
· | the cessation of the business of an anchor tenant, a shadow anchor tenant or a self-owned anchor or a change in use or in the nature of its retail operations (notwithstanding its continued payment of rent). |
If anchor stores in a mortgaged property were to close, the related borrower may be unable to replace those anchors in a timely manner or without suffering adverse economic consequences. In addition, it is common for anchor tenants and non-anchor tenants at anchored or shadow anchored retail centers to have co-tenancy clauses and/or operating covenants in their leases or operating agreements that permit those tenants or anchor stores to cease operating, reduce rent or terminate their leases if an anchor or shadow
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anchor tenant goes dark or otherwise is no longer in occupancy. Even if non-anchor tenants do not have termination or rent abatement rights, because the anchor or shadow anchor tenant plays a key role in generating customer traffic and making a center desirable for other tenants, the loss of an anchor tenant or a shadow anchor tenant may have a material adverse impact on the non-anchor tenant’s ability to operate, which may in turn adversely impact the borrower’s ability to meet its obligations under the related mortgage loan documents. In addition, in the event that a “shadow anchor” fails to renew its lease, terminates its lease or otherwise ceases to conduct business within a close proximity to the mortgaged property, customer traffic at the mortgaged property may be substantially reduced. If an anchor tenant goes dark, generally the borrower’s only remedy is to terminate that lease after the anchor tenant has been dark for a specified amount of time.
In addition, because anchor tenants and shadow anchors are often large national retailers, any bankruptcy, store closings or other economic decline impacting any such anchor or shadow anchor may affect multiple mortgaged properties in a pool of mortgage loans, and such impacts can be compounded by co-tenancy clauses and /or operating covenants related to such anchor or shadow anchor.
We cannot assure you that if anchor tenants or shadow anchor tenants at a particular mortgaged property were to close or otherwise become vacant or remain vacant, such anchor tenants or shadow anchor tenants, as applicable, would be replaced in a timely manner or, if part of the collateral for the related mortgage loan, without incurring material additional costs to the related borrower and resulting in adverse economic effects.
Certain of the tenants or anchor tenants of the retail properties may have operating covenants in their leases or operating agreements which permit those tenants or anchor tenants to cease operating, reduce rent or terminate their leases if the subject store is not meeting the minimum sales requirement under its lease.
In addition, the limited adaptability of certain shopping malls that have proven unprofitable may result in high (and possibly extremely high) loss severities on mortgage loans secured by those shopping malls. For example, it is possible that a significant amount of advances made by the applicable servicer(s) of a mortgage loan secured by a shopping mall property, combined with low liquidation proceeds in respect of that property, may result in a loss severity exceeding 100% of the outstanding principal balance of that mortgage loan.
Certain anchor tenant and tenant estoppels will have been obtained in connection with the origination of the mortgage loans that may identify disputes between the related borrower and the applicable anchor tenant or tenant, or alleged defaults or potential defaults by the applicable property owner under the lease or REA. Such disputes, defaults or potential defaults could lead to a termination or attempted termination of the applicable lease or REA by the anchor tenant or tenant or to litigation against the related borrower. We cannot assure you that these anchor tenant and tenant disputes will not have a material adverse effect on the ability of the related borrowers to repay their portion of the mortgage loan. In addition, we cannot assure you that the anchor tenant or tenant estoppels obtained identify all potential disputes that may arise with anchor tenants or tenants or that potential disputes do not exist with tenants who did not provide estoppels prior to origination. We cannot assure you that the failure to have obtained related estoppel information will not have a material adverse effect on the related mortgage loans.
Rental payments from tenants of retail properties typically comprise the largest portion of the net operating income of those mortgaged properties. We cannot assure you that the rate of occupancy at the stores will remain at the levels described in this prospectus or that
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the net operating income contributed by the mortgaged properties will remain at the level specified in this prospectus or remain consistent with past levels.
Retail properties also face competition from sources outside a given real estate market. For example, all of the following compete with more traditional retail properties for consumer dollars: factory outlet centers, discount shopping centers and clubs, catalogue retailers, home shopping networks, internet websites, and telemarketing. Continued growth of these alternative retail outlets (which often have lower operating costs) could adversely affect the rents collectible at the retail properties included in the pool of mortgage loans, as well as the income from, and market value of, the mortgaged properties and the related borrower’s ability to refinance such property. Moreover, additional competing retail properties may be built in the areas where the retail properties are located.
Certain retail properties have specialty use tenants. See “—Some Mortgaged Properties May Not Be Readily Convertible to Alternative Uses” below.
See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Property Types—Retail Properties”.
Multifamily Properties Have Special Risks
In addition to the factors discussed in “—Risks of Commercial and Multifamily Lending Generally” and “—Performance of the Mortgage Loans Will Be Highly Dependent on the Performance of Tenants and Tenant Leases” above, other factors may adversely affect the financial performance and value of multifamily properties, including:
· | the quality of property management; |
· | the ability of management to provide adequate maintenance and insurance; |
· | the types of services or amenities that the property provides; |
· | the property’s reputation; |
· | the level of mortgage interest rates, which may encourage tenants to purchase rather than lease housing; |
· | the generally short terms of residential leases and the need for continued reletting; |
· | rent concessions and month-to-month leases, which may impact cash flow at the property; |
· | the tenant mix, such as the tenant population being predominantly students or being heavily dependent on workers from a particular business or industry or personnel from or workers related to a local military base or oil and/or gas drilling industries; |
· | in the case of student housing facilities or properties leased primarily to students, which may be more susceptible to damage or wear and tear than other types of multifamily housing, the reliance on the financial well-being of the college or university to which it relates, competition from on campus housing units, which may adversely affect occupancy, the physical layout of the housing, which may not be readily convertible to traditional multifamily use, and that student tenants have a higher turnover rate than other types of multifamily tenants, which in certain |
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cases is compounded by the fact that student leases are available for periods of less than 12 months; |
· | certain multifamily properties may be considered to be “flexible apartment properties”. Such properties have a significant percentage of units leased to tenants under short-term leases (less than one year in term), which creates a higher turnover rate than for other types of multifamily properties; |
· | restrictions on the age or income of tenants who may reside at the property; |
· | dependence upon governmental programs that provide rent subsidies to tenants pursuant to tenant voucher programs, which vouchers may be used at other properties and influence tenant mobility; |
· | adverse local, regional or national economic conditions, which may limit the amount of rent that may be charged and may result in a reduction of timely rent payments or a reduction in occupancy levels; |
· | state and local regulations, which may affect the building owner’s ability to increase rent to market rent for an equivalent apartment; and |
· | the existence of government assistance/rent subsidy programs, and whether or not they continue and provide the same level of assistance or subsidies. |
Certain states regulate the relationship between an owner and its tenants. Commonly, these laws require a written lease, good cause for eviction, disclosure of fees, and notification to residents of changed land use, while prohibiting unreasonable rules, retaliatory evictions, and restrictions on a resident’s choice of unit vendors. Apartment building owners have been the subject of suits under state “Unfair and Deceptive Practices Acts” and other general consumer protection statutes for coercive, abusive or unconscionable leasing and sales practices. A few states offer more significant protection. For example, in some states, there are provisions that limit the bases on which a landlord may terminate a tenancy or increase a tenant’s rent or prohibit a landlord from terminating a tenancy solely by reason of the sale of the owner’s building.
In addition to state regulation of the landlord tenant relationship, numerous counties and municipalities impose rent control on apartment buildings. These ordinances may limit rent increases to fixed percentages, to percentages of increases in the consumer price index, to increases set or approved by a governmental agency, or to increases determined through mediation or binding arbitration. Any limitations on a borrower’s ability to raise property rents may impair such borrower’s ability to repay its multifamily loan from its net operating income or the proceeds of a sale or refinancing of the related multifamily property.
Certain of the mortgage loans may be secured in the future by mortgaged properties that are subject to certain affordable housing covenants and other covenants and restrictions with respect to various tax credit, city, state and federal housing subsidies, rent stabilization or similar programs, in respect of various units within the mortgaged properties. The limitations and restrictions imposed by these programs could result in losses on the mortgage loans. In addition, in the event that the program is cancelled, it could result in less income for the project. These programs may include, among others:
· | rent limitations that would adversely affect the ability of borrowers to increase rents to maintain the condition of their mortgaged properties and satisfy operating expenses; and |
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· | tenant income restrictions that may reduce the number of eligible tenants in those mortgaged properties and result in a reduction in occupancy rates. |
The difference in rents between subsidized or supported properties and other multifamily rental properties in the same area may not be a sufficient economic incentive for some eligible tenants to reside at a subsidized or supported property that may have fewer amenities or be less attractive as a residence. As a result, occupancy levels at a subsidized or supported property may decline, which may adversely affect the value and successful operation of such property.
See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Property Types—Multifamily Properties”.
Self Storage Properties Have Special Risks
In addition to the factors discussed in “—Risks of Commercial and Multifamily Lending Generally” above, other factors may adversely affect the financial performance and value of self storage properties, including:
· | decreased demand; |
· | lack of proximity to apartment complexes or commercial users; |
· | apartment tenants moving to single family homes; |
· | decline in services rendered, including security; |
· | dependence on business activity ancillary to renting units; |
· | security concerns; |
· | age of improvements; or |
· | competition or other factors. |
Self storage properties are considered vulnerable to competition, because both acquisition costs and break-even occupancy are relatively low. The conversion of self storage facilities to alternative uses would generally require substantial capital expenditures. Thus, if the operation of any of the self storage properties becomes unprofitable, the liquidation value of that self storage mortgaged property may be substantially less, relative to the amount owing on the mortgage loan, than if the self storage mortgaged property were readily adaptable to other uses.
Tenants at self storage properties tend to require and receive privacy, anonymity and efficient access, each of which may heighten environmental and other risks related to such property as the borrower may be unaware of the contents in any self storage unit. No environmental assessment of a self storage mortgaged property included an inspection of the contents of the self storage units at that mortgaged property, and there is no assurance that all of the units included in the self storage mortgaged properties are free from hazardous substances or other pollutants or contaminants or will remain so in the future.
Certain mortgage loans secured by self storage properties may be affiliated with a franchise company through a franchise agreement. The performance of a self storage property affiliated with a franchise company may be affected by the continued existence and financial strength of the franchisor, the public perception of a service mark, and the
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duration of the franchise agreement. The transferability of franchise license agreements is restricted. In the event of a foreclosure, the lender or its agent would not have the right to use the franchise license without the franchisor’s consent. In addition, certain self storage properties may derive a material portion of revenue from business activities ancillary to self storage such as truck rentals, parking fees and similar activities which require special use permits or other discretionary zoning approvals. See Annex A-1 and the footnotes related thereto.
See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Property Types—Self Storage Properties”.
Hotel Properties Have Special Risks
In addition to the factors discussed in “—Risks of Commercial and Multifamily Lending Generally” above, various other factors may adversely affect the financial performance and value of hotel properties, including:
· | adverse economic and social conditions, either local, regional or national (which may limit the amount that can be charged for a room and reduce occupancy levels); |
· | continuing expenditures for modernizing, refurbishing and maintaining existing facilities prior to the expiration of their anticipated useful lives; |
· | ability to convert to alternative uses which may not be readily made; |
· | a deterioration in the financial strength or managerial capabilities of the owner or operator of a hotel property; |
· | changes in travel patterns caused by general adverse economic conditions, fear of terrorist attacks, adverse weather conditions and changes in access, energy prices, strikes, travel costs, relocation of highways, the construction of additional highways, concerns about travel safety or other factors; and |
· | relative illiquidity of hospitality investments which limits the ability of the borrowers and property managers to respond to changes in economic or other conditions. |
Because hotel rooms are generally rented for short periods of time, the financial performance of hotel properties tends to be affected by adverse economic conditions and competition more quickly than other commercial properties. Additionally, as a result of high operating costs, relatively small decreases in revenue can cause significant stress on a property’s cash flow.
Moreover, the hospitality and lodging industry is generally seasonal in nature and different seasons affect different hotel properties differently depending on type and location. This seasonality can be expected to cause periodic fluctuations in a hotel property’s room and restaurant revenues, occupancy levels, room rates and operating expenses. We cannot assure you that cash flow will be sufficient to offset any shortfalls that occur at the mortgaged property during slower periods or that the related mortgage loans provide for seasonality reserves, or if seasonality reserves are provided for, that such reserves will be funded or will be sufficient or available to fund such shortfalls.
In addition, certain hotel properties are limited-service, select service or extended stay hotels. Hotel properties that are limited-service, select service or extended stay hotels may subject a lender to more risk than full-service hotel properties as they generally require less
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capital for construction than full-service hotel properties. In addition, as limited-service, select service or extended stay hotels generally offer fewer amenities than full-service hotel properties, they are less distinguishable from each other. As a result, it is easier for limited-service, select service or extended stay hotels to experience increased or unforeseen competition.
In addition to hotel operations, some hotel properties also operate entertainment complexes that include restaurants, lounges, nightclubs and/or banquet and meeting spaces and may derive a significant portion of the related property’s revenue from such operations. Consumer demand for entertainment resorts is particularly sensitive to downturns in the economy and the corresponding impact on discretionary spending on leisure activities. Changes in discretionary consumer spending or consumer preferences could be driven by factors such as perceived or actual general economic conditions, high energy, fuel and food costs, the increased cost of travel, the weakened job market, perceived or actual disposable consumer income and wealth, fears of recession and changes in consumer confidence in the economy, or fears of war and future acts of terrorism. These factors could reduce consumer demand for the leisure activities that the property offers, thus imposing practical limits on pricing and harming operations. Restaurants and nightclubs are particularly vulnerable to changes in consumer preferences. In addition, a nightclub’s, restaurant’s or bar’s revenue is extremely dependent on its popularity and perception. These characteristics are subject to change rapidly and we cannot assure you that any of a hotel property’s nightclubs, restaurants or bars will maintain their current level of popularity or perception in the market. Any such change could have a material adverse effect on the net cash flow of the property.
Some of the hotel properties have liquor licenses associated with the mortgaged property. The liquor licenses for these mortgaged properties are generally held by affiliates of the related borrowers, unaffiliated managers or operating lessees. The laws and regulations relating to liquor licenses generally prohibit the transfer of such licenses to any person, or condition such transfer on the prior approval of the governmental authority that issued the license. In the event of a foreclosure of a hotel property that holds a liquor license, the special servicer on behalf of the issuing entity or a purchaser in a foreclosure sale would likely have to apply for a new license, which might not be granted or might be granted only after a delay that could be significant. We cannot assure you that a new license could be obtained promptly or at all. The lack of a liquor license in a hotel property could have an adverse impact on the revenue from the related mortgaged property or on the hotel property’s occupancy rate.
In addition, there may be risks associated with hotel properties that have not entered into or become a party to any franchise agreement, license agreement or other “flag”. Hotel properties often enter into these types of agreements in order to align the hotel property with a certain public perception or to benefit from a centralized reservation system. We cannot assure you that hotel properties that lack such benefits will be able to operate successfully on an independent basis.
See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Property Types—Hotel Properties”.
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Risks Relating to Affiliation with a Franchise or Hotel Management Company
The performance of a hotel property affiliated with a franchise or hotel management company depends in part on:
· | the continued existence and financial strength of the franchisor or hotel management company; |
· | the public perception of the franchise or hotel chain service mark; and |
· | the duration of the franchise licensing or management agreements. |
The continuation of a franchise agreement, license agreement or management agreement is subject to specified operating standards and other terms and conditions set forth in such agreements. The failure of a borrower to maintain such standards or adhere to other applicable terms and conditions, such as property improvement plans, could result in the loss or cancellation of their rights under the franchise, license or hotel management agreement. We cannot assure you that a replacement franchise could be obtained in the event of termination or that such replacement franchise affiliation would be of equal quality to the terminated franchise affiliation. In addition, a replacement franchise, license and/or hotel property manager may require significantly higher fees as well as the investment of capital to bring the hotel property into compliance with the requirements of the replacement franchisor, licensor and/or hotel property manager. Any provision in a franchise agreement, license agreement or management agreement providing for termination because of a bankruptcy of a franchisor, licensor or manager generally will not be enforceable.
The transferability of franchise agreements, license agreements and property management agreements may be restricted. In the event of a foreclosure, the lender may not have the right to use the franchise license without the franchisor’s consent or the manager might be able to terminate the management agreement. Conversely, in the case of certain mortgage loans, the lender may be unable to remove a franchisor/licensor or a hotel management company that it desires to replace following a foreclosure and, further, may be limited as regards the pool of potential transferees for a foreclosure or real estate owned property.
In some cases where a hotel property is subject to a license or franchise agreement, the licensor or franchisor has required or may in the future require the completion of various repairs and/or renovations pursuant to a property improvement plan issued by the licensor or franchisor. Failure to complete those repairs and/or renovations in accordance with the plan could result in the hotel property losing its license or franchise. Annex A-1 and the related footnotes set forth the amount of reserves, if any, established under the related mortgage loans in connection with any of those repairs and/or renovations. We cannot assure you that any amounts reserved will be sufficient to complete the repairs and/or renovations required with respect to any affected hotel property. In addition, in some cases, those reserves will be maintained by the franchisor or property manager. Furthermore, the lender may not require a reserve for repairs and/or renovations in all instances.
See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Property Types—Hotel Properties”.
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Mixed Use Properties Have Special Risks
Certain properties are mixed use properties. Such mortgaged properties are subject to the risks relating to the property types described in “—Retail Properties Have Special Risks”, “—Self Storage Properties Have Special Risks” and “—Office Properties Have Special Risks”, as applicable. See Annex A-1 for the 5 largest tenants (by net rentable area leased) at each mixed use property. A mixed use property may be subject to additional risks, including the property manager’s inexperience in managing the different property types that comprise such mixed use property.
See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Property Types—Mixed Use Properties”.
Manufactured Housing Community Properties Have Special Risks
In addition to the factors discussed in “—Risks of Commercial and Multifamily Lending Generally” and “—Performance of the Mortgage Loans Will Be Highly Dependent on the Performance of Tenants and Tenant Leases” above, other factors may adversely affect the financial performance and value of manufactured housing community properties, including:
· | the number of competing residential developments in the local market, such as: other manufactured housing community properties, apartment buildings and site-built single family homes; |
· | the physical attributes of the community, including its age and appearance; |
· | the location of the manufactured housing property; |
· | the presence and/or continued presence of sufficient manufactured homes at the manufactured housing property (manufactured homes are not generally part of the collateral for a mortgage loan secured by a manufactured housing property; rather, the pads upon which manufactured homes are located are leased to the owners of such manufactured homes; accordingly, manufactured homes may be moved from a manufactured housing property); |
· | the type of services or amenities it provides; |
· | any age restrictions; |
· | the property’s reputation; and |
· | state and local regulations, including rent control and rent stabilization, and tenant association rights. |
The manufactured housing community properties have few improvements (which are highly specialized) and are “single purpose” properties that could not be readily converted to general residential, retail or office use. Thus, if the operation of any of the manufactured housing community properties becomes unprofitable due to competition, age of the improvements or other factors such that the borrower becomes unable to meet its obligations on the related mortgage loan, the liquidation value of that manufactured housing community property may be substantially less, relative to the amount owing on the related mortgage loan, than would be the case if the manufactured housing community property were readily adaptable to other uses.
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Some manufactured housing community properties are either recreational vehicle resorts or have a significant portion of the properties that are intended for short-term recreational vehicle hook-ups, and tenancy of these communities may vary significantly by season. This seasonality may cause periodic fluctuations in revenues, tenancy levels, rental rates and operating expenses for these properties.
Some of the manufactured housing community mortgaged properties securing the mortgage loans in the trust may have a material number of leased homes that are currently owned by the related borrower or an affiliate thereof and rented by the respective tenants like apartments. In circumstances where the leased homes are owned by an affiliate of the borrower, the related pads may, in some cases, be subject to a master lease with that affiliate. In such cases, the tenants will tend to be more transient and less tied to the property than if they owned their own home. Such leased homes do not, in all (or, possibly, in any) such cases, constitute collateral for the related mortgage loan. Some of the leased homes that are not collateral for the related mortgage loan are rented on a lease-to-own basis. In some cases, the borrower itself owns, leases, sells and/or finances the sale of homes, although generally the related income therefrom will be excluded for loan underwriting purposes. See also representation and warranty no. 33 on Annex D-1 and the exceptions thereto on Annex D-2 (subject to the limitations and qualifications set forth in the preamble to Annex D-1). Some of the leased homes owned by a borrower or its affiliate may be financed and a default on that financing may materially adversely affect the performance of the manufactured housing community mortgaged property.
Certain of the manufactured housing community mortgaged properties may not be connected in their entirety to public water and/or sewer systems. In such cases, the borrower could incur a substantial expense if it were required to connect the property to such systems in the future. In addition, the use of well water enhances the likelihood that the property could be adversely affected by a recognized environmental condition that impacts soil and groundwater.
See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Property Types—Manufactured Housing Community Properties”.
Industrial Properties Have Special Risks
In addition to the factors discussed in “—Risks of Commercial and Multifamily Lending Generally” and “—Performance of the Mortgage Loans Will Be Highly Dependent on the Performance of Tenants and Tenant Leases” above, other factors may adversely affect the financial performance and value of industrial properties, including:
· | reduced demand for industrial space because of a decline in a particular industry segment; |
· | the property becoming functionally obsolete; |
· | building design and adaptability; |
· | unavailability of labor sources; |
· | changes in access, energy prices, strikes, relocation of highways, the construction of additional highways or other factors; |
· | changes in proximity of supply sources; |
· | the expenses of converting a previously adapted space to general use; and |
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· | the location of the property. |
Industrial properties may be adversely affected by reduced demand for industrial space occasioned by a decline in a particular industry segment in which the related tenants conduct their businesses (for example, a decline in consumer demand for products sold by a tenant using the property as a distribution center). In addition, a particular industrial or warehouse property that suited the needs of its original tenant may be difficult to relet to another tenant or may become functionally obsolete relative to newer properties. Furthermore, lease terms with respect to industrial properties are generally for shorter periods of time and may result in a substantial percentage of leases expiring in the same year at any particular industrial property. In addition, mortgaged properties used for many industrial purposes are more prone to environmental concerns than other property types.
Aspects of building site design and adaptability affect the value of an industrial property. Site characteristics that are generally desirable to a warehouse/industrial property include high clear ceiling heights, wide column spacing, a large number of bays (loading docks) and large bay depths, divisibility, a layout that can accommodate large truck minimum turning radii and overall functionality and accessibility.
In addition, because of unique construction requirements of many industrial properties, any vacant industrial property space may not be easily converted to other uses. Thus, if the operation of any of the industrial properties becomes unprofitable due to competition, age of the improvements or other factors such that the borrower becomes unable to meet its obligations on the related mortgage loan, the liquidation value of that industrial property may be substantially less, relative to the amount owing on the related mortgage loan, than would be the case if the industrial property were readily adaptable to other uses.
Location is also important because an industrial property requires the availability of labor sources, proximity to supply sources and customers and accessibility to rail lines, major roadways and other distribution channels.
See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Property Types—Industrial Properties”.
Condominium Ownership May Limit Use and Improvements
The management and operation of a condominium is generally controlled by a condominium board representing the owners of the individual condominium units, subject to the terms of the related condominium rules or by-laws. Generally, the consent of a majority of the board members is required for any actions of the condominium board and a unit owner’s ability to control decisions of the board are generally related to the number of units owned by such owner as a percentage of the total number of units in the condominium. In certain cases, the related borrower does not have a majority of votes on the condominium board, which result in the related borrower not having control of the related condominium or owners association.
The board of managers or directors of the related condominium generally has discretion to make decisions affecting the condominium, and we cannot assure you that the related borrower under a mortgage loan secured by one or more interests in that condominium will have any control over decisions made by the related board of managers or directors. Even if a borrower or its designated board members, either through control of the appointment and voting of sufficient members of the related condominium board or by virtue of other provisions in the related condominium documents, has consent rights over actions by the related condominium associations or owners, we cannot assure you that the related
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condominium board will not take actions that would materially adversely affect the related borrower’s unit. Thus, decisions made by that board of managers or directors, including regarding assessments to be paid by the unit owners, insurance to be maintained on the condominium and many other decisions affecting the maintenance of that condominium, may have a significant adverse impact on the related mortgage loans in the issuing entity that are secured by mortgaged properties consisting of such condominium interests. We cannot assure you that the related board of managers or directors will always act in the best interests of the related borrower under the related mortgage loans.
The condominium board is generally responsible for administration of the affairs of the condominium, including providing for maintenance and repair of common areas, adopting rules and regulations regarding common areas, and obtaining insurance and repairing and restoring the common areas of the property after a casualty. Notwithstanding the insurance and casualty provisions of the related mortgage loan documents, the condominium board may have the right to control the use of casualty proceeds.
In addition, the condominium board generally has the right to assess individual unit owners for their share of expenses related to the operation and maintenance of the common elements. In the event that an owner of another unit fails to pay its allocated assessments, the related borrower may be required to pay such assessments in order to properly maintain and operate the common elements of the property. Although the condominium board generally may obtain a lien against any unit owner for common expenses that are not paid, such lien generally is extinguished if a lender takes possession pursuant to a foreclosure. Each unit owner is responsible for maintenance of its respective unit and retains essential operational control over its unit.
In addition, due to the nature of condominiums, a default on the part of the borrower with respect to such mortgaged properties will not allow the special servicer the same flexibility in realizing on the collateral as is generally available with respect to commercial properties that are not condominium units. The rights of other unit or property owners, the documents governing the management of the condominium units and the state and local laws applicable to condominium units must be considered. In addition, in the event of a casualty with respect to a condominium, due to the possible existence of multiple loss payees on any insurance policy covering such property, there could be a delay in the allocation of related insurance proceeds, if any. Consequently, servicing and realizing upon the collateral described above could subject the certificateholders to a greater delay, expense and risk than with respect to a mortgage loan secured by a commercial property that is not a condominium unit.
Certain condominium declarations and/or local laws provide for the withdrawal of a property from a condominium structure under certain circumstances. For example, the New York Condominium Act provides for a withdrawal of the property from a condominium structure by vote of 80% of unit owners. If the condominium is terminated, the building will be subject to an action for partition by any unit owner or lienor as if owned in common. This could cause an early and unanticipated prepayment of the mortgage loan. We cannot assure you that the proceeds from partition would be sufficient to satisfy borrower’s obligations under the mortgage loan. See also “—Risks Related to Zoning Non-Compliance and Use Restrictions” for certain risks relating to use restrictions imposed pursuant to condominium declarations or other condominium especially in a situation where the mortgaged property does not represent the entire condominium building.
See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Condominium Interests”.
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Operation of a Mortgaged Property Depends on the Property Manager’s Performance
The successful operation of a real estate project depends upon the property manager’s performance and viability. The property manager is responsible for:
· | responding to changes in the local market; |
· | planning and implementing the rental structure; |
· | operating the property and providing building services; |
· | managing operating expenses; and |
· | assuring that maintenance and capital improvements are carried out in a timely fashion. |
Properties deriving revenues primarily from short term sources, such as hotel guests or short term or month to month leases, are generally more management intensive than properties leased to creditworthy tenants under long term leases.
Certain of the mortgaged properties will be managed by affiliates of the related borrower. If a mortgage loan is in default or undergoing special servicing, such relationship could disrupt the management of the related mortgaged property, which may adversely affect cash flow. However, the related mortgage loans will generally permit, in the case of mortgaged properties managed by borrower affiliates, the lender to remove the related property manager upon the occurrence of an event of default under the related mortgage loan beyond applicable cure periods (or, in some cases, in the event of a foreclosure following such default), and in some cases a decline in cash flow below a specified level or the failure to satisfy some other specified performance trigger.
Concentrations Based on Property Type, Geography, Related Borrowers and Other Factors May Disproportionately Increase Losses
The effect of mortgage pool loan losses will be more severe if the losses relate to mortgage loans that account for a disproportionately large percentage of the pool’s aggregate principal balance. As mortgage loans pay down or properties are released, the remaining certificateholders may face a higher risk with respect to the diversity of property types and property characteristics and with respect to the number of borrowers.
See the tables entitled “Remaining Term to Maturity/ARD in Months” in Annex A-2 for a stratification of the remaining terms to maturity of the mortgage loans. Because principal on the certificates is payable in sequential order of payment priority, and a class receives principal only after the preceding class(es) have been paid in full, classes that have a lower sequential priority are more likely to face these types of risks of concentration than classes with a higher sequential priority.
Several of the mortgage loans have cut-off date balances that are substantially higher than the average cut-off date balance. In general, concentrations in mortgage loans with larger-than-average balances can result in losses that are more severe, relative to the size of the mortgage loan pool, than would be the case if the aggregate balance of the mortgage loan pool were more evenly distributed.
A concentration of mortgage loans secured by the same mortgaged property types can increase the risk that a decline in a particular industry or business would have a
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disproportionately large impact on the pool of mortgage loans. Mortgaged property types representing more than 5.0% of the aggregate principal balance of the pool of mortgage loans as of the cut-off date (based on allocated loan amount) are office, retail, hospitality, industrial, mixed use and self storage. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Property Types” for information on the types of mortgaged properties securing the mortgage loans in the mortgage pool.
Repayments by borrowers and the market value of the related mortgaged properties could be affected by economic conditions generally or specific to particular geographic areas or regions of the United States, and concentrations of mortgaged properties in particular geographic areas may increase the risk that conditions in the real estate market where the mortgaged property is located, or other adverse economic or other developments or natural disasters (e.g., earthquakes, floods, forest fires, tornadoes or hurricanes or changes in governmental rules or fiscal policies) affecting a particular region of the country, could increase the frequency and severity of losses on mortgage loans secured by those mortgaged properties.
Mortgaged properties securing 5.0% or more of the aggregate principal balance of the pool of mortgage loans as of the cut-off date (based on allocated loan amount) are located in California, Massachusetts, Texas, Nevada, New York, Connecticut and Maryland. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Geographic Concentrations”.
Some of the mortgaged properties are located in areas that, based on low population density, poor economic demographics (such as higher than average unemployment rates, lower than average annual household income and/or overall loss of jobs) and/or negative trends in such regards, would be considered secondary or tertiary markets.
A concentration of mortgage loans with the same borrower or related borrowers also can pose increased risks, such as:
· | if a borrower that owns or controls several mortgaged properties (whether or not all of them secure mortgage loans in the mortgage pool) experiences financial difficulty at one such property, it could defer maintenance at a mortgaged property or debt service payments on the related mortgage loan in order to satisfy current expenses with respect to the first property; |
· | a borrower could also attempt to avert foreclosure by filing a bankruptcy petition that might have the effect of interrupting debt service payments on the mortgage loans in the mortgage pool secured by that borrower’s mortgaged properties (subject to the master servicer’s and the trustee’s obligation to make advances for monthly payments) for an indefinite period; and |
· | mortgaged properties owned by the same borrower or related borrowers are likely to have common management, common general partners and/or common managing members, thereby increasing the risk that financial or other difficulties experienced by such related parties could have a greater impact on the pool of mortgage loans. See “—A Bankruptcy Proceeding May Result in Losses and Delays in Realizing on the Mortgage Loans” below. |
See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics” for information on the composition of the mortgage pool by property type and geographic distribution and loan concentration.
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Adverse Environmental Conditions at or Near Mortgaged Properties May Result in Losses
The issuing entity could become liable for a material adverse environmental condition at an underlying mortgaged property. Any such potential liability could reduce or delay payments on the offered certificates.
Each of the mortgaged properties was either (i) subject to environmental site assessments prior to the time of origination of the related mortgage loan (or, in certain limited cases, after origination) including Phase I environmental site assessments or updates of previously performed Phase I environmental site assessments, or (ii) subject to a secured creditor environmental insurance policy or other environmental insurance policy. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Environmental Considerations”.
We cannot assure you that the environmental assessments revealed all existing or potential environmental risks or that all adverse environmental conditions have been or will be completely abated or remediated or that any reserves, insurance or operations and maintenance plans will be sufficient to remediate the environmental conditions. Moreover, we cannot assure you that:
· | future laws, ordinances or regulations will not impose any material environmental liability; or |
· | the current environmental condition of the mortgaged properties will not be adversely affected by tenants or by the condition of land or operations in the vicinity of the mortgaged properties (such as underground storage tanks). |
We cannot assure you that with respect to any mortgaged property any remediation plan or any projected remedial costs or time is accurate or sufficient to complete the remediation objectives, or that no additional contamination requiring environmental investigation or remediation will be discovered on any mortgaged property. Likewise, all environmental policies naming the lender as named insured cover certain risks or events specifically identified in the policy, but the coverage is limited by its terms, conditions, limitations and exclusions, and does not purport to cover all environmental conditions whatsoever affecting the applicable mortgaged property, and we cannot assure you that any environmental conditions currently known, suspected, or unknown and discovered in the future will be covered by the terms of the policy.
Before the trustee or the special servicer, as applicable, acquires title to a mortgaged property on behalf of the issuing entity or assumes operation of the property, it will be required to obtain an environmental assessment of such mortgaged property, or rely on a recent environmental assessment. This requirement is intended to mitigate the risk that the issuing entity will become liable under any environmental law. There is accordingly some risk that the mortgaged property will decline in value while this assessment is being obtained or remedial action is being taken. Moreover, we cannot assure you that this requirement will effectively insulate the issuing entity from potential liability under environmental laws. Any such potential liability could reduce or delay distributions to certificateholders.
See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Environmental Considerations” for additional information on environmental conditions at mortgaged properties securing certain mortgage loans in the issuing entity. See also representation and warranty no. 43 on Annex D-1 and the exceptions thereto on Annex D-2 (subject to the limitations and qualifications set forth in the preamble to Annex D-1).
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See “Transaction Parties—The Sponsors and Mortgage Loan Sellers—Wells Fargo Bank, National Association—Wells Fargo Bank’s Commercial Mortgage Loan Underwriting”; “—Bank of America, National Association—Bank of America’s Commercial Mortgage Loan Underwriting Standards” and “—Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC—Morgan Stanley Group’s Underwriting Standards”.
See “Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans—Environmental Considerations”.
Risks Related to Redevelopment, Expansion and Renovation at Mortgaged Properties
Certain of the mortgaged properties are currently undergoing or, in the future, are expected to undergo redevelopment, expansion or renovation. To the extent applicable, we cannot assure you that any escrow or reserve collected, if any, will be sufficient to complete the current renovation or be otherwise sufficient to satisfy any tenant improvement expenses at a mortgaged property. Failure to complete those planned improvements may have a material adverse effect on the cash flow at the mortgaged property and the related borrower’s ability to meet its payment obligations under the mortgage loan documents.
Certain of the hotel properties securing the mortgage loans are currently undergoing or are scheduled to undergo renovations or property improvement plans. In some circumstances, these renovations or property improvement plans may necessitate taking a portion of the available guest rooms temporarily offline, temporarily decreasing the number of available rooms and the revenue generating capacity of the related hotel property. In other cases, these renovations may involve renovations of common spaces or external features of the related hotel property, which may cause disruptions or otherwise decrease the attractiveness of the related hotel property to potential guests. These property improvement plans may be required under the related franchise or management agreement and a failure to timely complete them may result in a termination or expiration of a franchise or management agreement and may be an event of default under the related mortgage loan.
Certain of the properties securing the mortgage loans may currently be undergoing or are scheduled to undergo renovations or property expansions. Such renovations or expansions may be required under tenant leases and a failure to timely complete such renovations or expansions may result in a termination of such lease and may have a material adverse effect on the cash flow at the mortgaged property and the related borrower’s ability to meet its payment obligations under the mortgage loan documents.
We cannot assure you that current or planned redevelopment, expansion or renovation will be completed at all, that such redevelopment, expansion or renovation will be completed in the time frame contemplated, or that, when and if such redevelopment, expansion or renovation is completed, such redevelopment, expansion or renovation will improve the operations at, or increase the value of, the related mortgaged property. Failure of any of the foregoing to occur could have a material negative impact on the related mortgaged property, which could affect the ability of the related borrower to repay the related mortgage loan.
In the event the related borrower fails to pay the costs for work completed or material delivered in connection with such ongoing redevelopment, expansion or renovation, the portion of the mortgaged property on which there are renovations may be subject to mechanic’s or materialmen’s liens that may be senior to the lien of the related mortgage loan.
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The existence of construction or renovation at a mortgaged property may take rental units or rooms or leasable space “off-line” or otherwise make space unavailable for rental, impair access or traffic at or near the mortgaged property, or, in general, make that mortgaged property less attractive to tenants or their customers, and accordingly could have a negative effect on net operating income. In addition, any such construction or renovation at a mortgaged property may temporarily interfere with the use and operation of any portion of such mortgaged property. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Redevelopment, Renovation and Expansion” for information regarding mortgaged properties which are currently undergoing or, in the future, are expected to undergo redevelopment, expansion or renovation. See also Annex A-3 for additional information on redevelopment, renovation and expansion at the mortgaged properties securing the 15 largest mortgage loans or groups of cross-collateralized mortgage loans.
Some Mortgaged Properties May Not Be Readily Convertible to Alternative Uses
Certain mortgaged properties securing the mortgage loans may have specialty use tenants and may not be readily convertible (or convertible at all) to alternative uses if those properties were to become unprofitable for any reason.
For example, retail, mixed use or office properties may have theater tenants. Properties with theater tenants are exposed to certain unique risks. Aspects of building site design and adaptability affect the value of a theater. In addition, decreasing attendance at a theater could adversely affect revenue of the theater, which may, in turn, cause the tenant to experience financial difficulties, resulting in downgrades in their credit ratings and, in certain cases, bankruptcy filings. In addition, because of unique construction requirements of theaters, any vacant theater space would not easily be converted to other uses.
Retail, mixed use or office properties may also have health clubs as tenants. Several factors may adversely affect the value and successful operation of a health club, including:
· | the physical attributes of the health club (e.g., its age, appearance and layout); |
· | the reputation, safety, convenience and attractiveness of the property to users; |
· | management’s ability to control membership growth and attrition; |
· | competition in the tenant’s marketplace from other health clubs and alternatives to health clubs; and |
· | adverse changes in economic and social conditions and demographic changes (e.g., population decreases or changes in average age or income), which may result in decreased demand. |
In addition, there may be significant costs associated with changing consumer preferences (e.g., multipurpose clubs from single-purpose clubs or varieties of equipment, classes, services and amenities). In addition, health clubs may not be readily convertible to alternative uses if those properties were to become unprofitable for any reason. The liquidation value of any such health club consequently may be less than would be the case if the property were readily adaptable to changing consumer preferences for other uses.
Certain retail, mixed use or office properties may be partially comprised of a parking garage, or certain properties may be entirely comprised of a parking garage. Parking garages and parking lots present risks not associated with other properties. The primary source of income for parking lots and garages is the rental fees charged for parking spaces.
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Factors affecting the success of a parking lot or garage include:
· | the number of rentable parking spaces and rates charged; |
· | the location of the lot or garage and, in particular, its proximity to places where large numbers of people work, shop or live; |
· | the amount of alternative parking spaces in the area; |
· | the availability of mass transit; and |
· | the perceptions of the safety, convenience and services of the lot or garage. |
In instances where a parking garage does not have a long-term leasing arrangement with a parking lessee, but rather relies on individual short-term (i.e., daily or weekly) parking tenants for parking revenues, variations in any or all of the foregoing factors can result in increased volatility in the net operating income for such parking garage.
Aspects of building site design and adaptability affect the value of a parking garage facility. Site characteristics that are valuable to a parking garage facility include location, clear ceiling heights, column spacing, zoning restrictions, number of spaces and overall functionality and accessibility.
In addition, because of the unique construction requirements of many parking garages and because a parking lot is often vacant paved land without any structure, a vacant parking garage facility or parking lot may not be easily converted to other uses.
Mortgaged properties may have other specialty use tenants, such as medical and dental offices, gas stations, data centers, urgent care facilities, daycare centers and/or restaurants, as part of the mortgaged property.
In the case of specialty use tenants such as restaurants and theaters, aspects of building site design and adaptability affect the value of such properties and other retailers at the mortgaged property. Decreasing patronage at such properties could adversely affect revenue of the property, which may, in turn, cause the tenants to experience financial difficulties, resulting in downgrades in their credit ratings, lease defaults and, in certain cases, bankruptcy filings. See “—Performance of the Mortgage Loans Will Be Highly Dependent on the Performance of Tenants and Tenant Leases—Tenant Bankruptcy Could Result in a Rejection of the Related Lease” above. Additionally, receipts at such properties are also affected not only by objective factors but by subjective factors. For instance, restaurant receipts are affected by such varied influences as the current personal income levels in the community, an individual consumer’s preference for type of food, style of dining and restaurant atmosphere, the perceived popularity of the restaurant, food safety concerns related to personal health with the handling of food items at the restaurant or by food suppliers and the actions and/or behaviors of staff and management and level of service to the customers. In addition, because of unique construction requirements of such properties, any vacant space would not easily be converted to other uses.
Mortgaged properties with specialty use tenants may not be readily convertible (or convertible at all) to alternative uses if those properties were to become unprofitable, or the leased spaces were to become vacant, for any reason due to their unique construction requirements. In addition, converting commercial properties to alternate uses generally requires substantial capital expenditures and could result in a significant adverse effect on, or interruption of, the revenues generated by such properties.
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In addition, a mortgaged property may not be readily convertible due to restrictive covenants related to such mortgaged property, including in the case of mortgaged properties that are subject to a condominium regime or subject to a ground lease, the use and other restrictions imposed by the condominium declaration and other related documents, especially in a situation where a mortgaged property does not represent the entire condominium regime. See “—Condominium Ownership May Limit Use and Improvements” above.
Some of the mortgaged properties may be part of tax-reduction programs that apply only if the mortgaged properties are used for certain purposes. Such properties may be restricted from being converted to alternative uses because of such restrictions.
Some of the mortgaged properties have government tenants or other tenants which may have space that was “built to suit” that particular tenant’s uses and needs. For example, a government tenant may require enhanced security features that required additional construction or renovation costs and for which the related tenant may pay above market rent. However, such enhanced features may not be necessary for a new tenant (and such new tenant may not be willing to pay the higher rent associated with such features). While a government office building or government leased space may be usable as a regular office building or tenant space, the rents that may be collected in the event the government tenant does not renew its lease may be significantly lower than the rent currently collected.
Additionally, zoning, historical preservation or other restrictions also may prevent alternative uses. See “—Risks Related to Zoning Non-Compliance and Use Restrictions” below.
Risks Related to Zoning Non-Compliance and Use Restrictions
Certain of the mortgaged properties may not comply with current zoning laws, including use, density, parking, height, landscaping, open space and set back requirements, due to changes in zoning requirements after such mortgaged properties were constructed. These properties, as well as those for which variances or special permits were issued or for which non-conformity with current zoning laws is otherwise permitted, are considered to be a “legal non-conforming use” and/or the improvements are considered to be “legal non-conforming structures”. This means that the borrower is not required to alter its structure to comply with the existing or new law; however, the borrower may not be able to rebuild the premises “as-is” in the event of a substantial casualty loss. This may adversely affect the cash flow of the property following the loss. If a substantial casualty were to occur, we cannot assure you that insurance proceeds would be available to pay the mortgage loan in full. In addition, if a non-conforming use were to be discontinued and/or the property were repaired or restored in conformity with the current law, the value of the property or the revenue-producing potential of the property may not be equal to that before the casualty.
In some cases, the related borrower has obtained law and ordinance insurance to cover additional costs that result from rebuilding the mortgaged property in accordance with current zoning requirements, including, within the policy’s limitations, demolition costs, increased costs of construction due to code compliance and loss of value to undamaged improvements resulting from the application of zoning laws. However, if as a result of the applicable zoning laws the rebuilt improvements are smaller or less attractive to tenants than the original improvements, you should not assume that the resulting loss in income will be covered by law and ordinance insurance. Zoning protection insurance, if obtained, will generally reimburse the lender for the difference between (i) the mortgage loan balance on the date of damage loss to the mortgaged property from an insured peril and (ii) the total
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insurance proceeds at the time of the damage to the mortgaged property if such mortgaged property cannot be rebuilt to its former use due to new zoning ordinances.
In addition, certain of the mortgaged properties that do not conform to current zoning laws may not be “legal non-conforming uses” or “legal non-conforming structures”, thus constituting a zoning violation. The failure of a mortgaged property to comply with zoning laws or to be a “legal non-conforming use” or “legal non-conforming structure” may adversely affect the market value of the mortgaged property or the borrower’s ability to continue to use it in the manner it is currently being used or may necessitate material additional expenditures to remedy non-conformities. See representation and warranty no. 26 on Annex D-1 (subject to the limitations and qualifications set forth in the preamble to Annex D-1).
The limited availability of zoning information and/or extent of zoning diligence may also present risks. Zoning information contained in appraisals may be based on limited investigation, and zoning comfort letters obtained from jurisdictions, while based on available records, do not customarily involve any contemporaneous site inspection. The extent of zoning diligence will also be determined based on perceived risk and the cost and benefit of obtaining additional information. Even if law and ordinance insurance is required to mitigate rebuilding-related risks, we cannot assure you that other risks related to material zoning violations will have been identified under such circumstances, and that appropriate borrower covenants or other structural mitigants will have been required as a result.
In addition, certain of the mortgaged properties may be subject to certain use restrictions and/or operational requirements imposed pursuant to development agreements, regulatory agreements, ground leases, restrictive covenants, environmental restrictions, reciprocal easement agreements or operating agreements or historical landmark designations or, in the case of those mortgaged properties that are condominiums, condominium declarations or other condominium use restrictions or regulations, especially in a situation where the mortgaged property does not represent the entire condominium building. Such use restrictions could include, for example, limitations on the character of the improvements or the properties, limitations affecting noise and parking requirements, among other things, and limitations on the borrowers’ right to operate certain types of facilities within a prescribed radius. These limitations impose upon the borrower stricter requirements with respect to repairs and alterations, including following a casualty loss. These limitations could adversely affect the ability of the related borrower to lease the mortgaged property on favorable terms, thus adversely affecting the borrower’s ability to fulfill its obligations under the related mortgage loan. In addition, any alteration, reconstruction, demolition, or new construction affecting a mortgaged property designated a historical landmark may require prior approval. Any such approval process, even if successful, could delay any redevelopment or alteration of a related property. The liquidation value of such property, to the extent subject to limitations of the kind described above or other limitations on convertibility of use, may be substantially less than would be the case if such property was readily adaptable to other uses or redevelopment. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Use Restrictions” for examples of mortgaged properties that are subject to restrictions relating to the use of the mortgaged properties.
Risks Relating to Inspections of Properties
Licensed engineers or consultants inspected the mortgaged properties at or about the time of the origination of the mortgage loans to assess items such as structural integrity of the buildings and other improvements on the mortgaged property, including exterior walls, roofing, interior construction, mechanical and electrical systems and general condition of the
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site, buildings and other improvements. However, we cannot assure you that all conditions requiring repair or replacement were identified. No additional property inspections were conducted in connection with the issuance of the offered certificates.
Risks Relating to Costs of Compliance with Applicable Laws and Regulations
A borrower may be required to incur costs to comply with various existing and future federal, state or local laws and regulations applicable to the related mortgaged property, for example, zoning laws and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended, which requires all public accommodations to meet certain federal requirements related to access and use by persons with disabilities. See “Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans—Americans with Disabilities Act”. The expenditure of these costs or the imposition of injunctive relief, penalties or fines in connection with the borrower’s noncompliance could negatively impact the borrower’s cash flow and, consequently, its ability to pay its mortgage loan.
Insurance May Not Be Available or Adequate
Although the mortgaged properties are required to be insured, or self-insured by a sole tenant of a related building or group of buildings, against certain risks, there is a possibility of casualty loss with respect to the mortgaged properties for which insurance proceeds may not be adequate or which may result from risks not covered by insurance.
In addition, certain types of mortgaged properties, such as manufactured housing and recreational vehicle communities, have few or no insurable buildings or improvements and thus do not have casualty insurance or low limits of casualty insurance in comparison with the related mortgage loan balances.
In addition, hazard insurance policies will typically contain co-insurance clauses that in effect require an insured at all times to carry insurance of a specified percentage, generally 80% to 90%, of the full replacement value of the improvements on the related mortgaged property in order to recover the full amount of any partial loss. As a result, even if insurance coverage is maintained, if the insured’s coverage falls below this specified percentage, those clauses generally provide that the insurer’s liability in the event of partial loss does not exceed the lesser of (1) the replacement cost of the improvements less physical depreciation and (2) that proportion of the loss as the amount of insurance carried bears to the specified percentage of the full replacement cost of those improvements.
Certain of the mortgaged properties may be located in areas that are considered a high earthquake risk (seismic zones 3 or 4). See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Geographic Concentrations”.
Furthermore, with respect to certain mortgage loans, the insurable value of the related mortgaged property as of the origination date of the related mortgage loan was lower than the principal balance of the related mortgage loan. In the event of a casualty when a borrower is not required to rebuild or cannot rebuild, we cannot assure you that the insurance required with respect to the related mortgaged property will be sufficient to pay the related mortgage loan in full and there is no “gap” insurance required under such mortgage loan to cover any difference. In those circumstances, a casualty that occurs near the maturity date may result in an extension of the maturity date of the mortgage loan if the special servicer, in accordance with the servicing standard, determines that such extension was in the best interest of certificateholders.
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The mortgage loans do not all require flood insurance on the related mortgaged properties unless they are in a flood zone and flood insurance is available and, in certain instances, even where the related mortgaged property was in a flood zone and flood insurance was available, flood insurance was not required.
We cannot assure you that the borrowers will in the future be able to comply with requirements to maintain adequate insurance with respect to the mortgaged properties, and any uninsured loss could have a material adverse impact on the amount available to make payments on the related mortgage loan, and consequently, the offered certificates. As with all real estate, if reconstruction (for example, following fire or other casualty) or any major repair or improvement is required to the damaged property, changes in laws and governmental regulations may be applicable and may materially affect the cost to, or ability of, the borrowers to effect such reconstruction, major repair or improvement. As a result, the amount realized with respect to the mortgaged properties, and the amount available to make payments on the related mortgage loan, and consequently, the offered certificates, could be reduced. In addition, we cannot assure you that the amount of insurance required or provided would be sufficient to cover damages caused by any casualty, or that such insurance will be available in the future at commercially reasonable rates. See representation and warranty no. 18 on Annex D-1 and the exceptions thereto on Annex D-2 (subject to the limitations and qualifications set forth in the preamble to Annex D-1).
Inadequacy of Title Insurers May Adversely Affect Distributions on Your Certificates
Title insurance for a mortgaged property generally insures a lender against risks relating to a lender not having a first lien with respect to a mortgaged property, and in some cases can insure a lender against specific other risks. The protection afforded by title insurance depends on the ability of the title insurer to pay claims made upon it. We cannot assure you that with respect to any mortgage loan:
· | a title insurer will have the ability to pay title insurance claims made upon it; |
· | the title insurer will maintain its present financial strength; or |
· | a title insurer will not contest claims made upon it. |
Certain of the mortgaged properties are either completing initial construction or undergoing renovation or redevelopment. Under such circumstances, there may be limitations to the amount of coverage or other exceptions to coverage that could adversely affect the issuing entity if losses are suffered.
Terrorism Insurance May Not Be Available for All Mortgaged Properties
The occurrence or the possibility of terrorist attacks could (1) lead to damage to one or more of the mortgaged properties if any terrorist attacks occur or (2) result in higher costs for security and insurance premiums or diminish the availability of insurance coverage for losses related to terrorist attacks, particularly for large properties, which could adversely affect the cash flow at those mortgaged properties.
After the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in New York City and the Washington, D.C. area, all forms of insurance were impacted, particularly from a cost and availability perspective, including comprehensive general liability and business interruption or rent loss insurance policies required by typical mortgage loans. To give time for private markets to develop a pricing mechanism for terrorism risk and to build capacity to absorb future losses
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that may occur due to terrorism, the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002 was enacted on November 26, 2002, establishing the Terrorism Insurance Program. The Terrorism Insurance Program was extended through December 31, 2014 by the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2007 and was subsequently reauthorized on January 12, 2015 for a period of six years through December 31, 2020 pursuant to the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2015 (“TRIPRA”).
The Terrorism Insurance Program requires insurance carriers to provide terrorism coverage in their basic “all-risk” policies. Any commercial property and casualty terrorism insurance exclusion that was in force on November 26, 2002 is automatically void to the extent that it excluded losses that would otherwise be insured losses. Any state approval of those types of exclusions in force on November 26, 2002 is also void.
Under the Terrorism Insurance Program, the federal government shares in the risk of losses occurring within the United States resulting from acts committed in an effort to influence or coerce United States civilians or the United States government. The federal share of compensation for insured losses of an insurer equals 85% (subject to annual 1% decreases beginning in 2016 until such percentage equals 80%) of the portion of such insured losses that exceed a deductible equal to 20% of the value of the insurer’s direct earned premiums over the calendar year immediately preceding that program year. Federal compensation in any program year is capped at $100 billion (with insurers being liable for any amount that exceeds such cap), and no compensation is payable with respect to a terrorist act unless the aggregate industry losses relating to such act exceed $100 million (subject to annual $20 million increases beginning in 2016 until such threshold equals $200 million). The Terrorism Insurance Program does not cover nuclear, biological, chemical or radiological attacks. Unless a borrower obtains separate coverage for events that do not meet the thresholds or other requirements above, such events will not be covered.
If the Terrorism Insurance Program is not reenacted after its expiration in 2020, premiums for terrorism insurance coverage will likely increase and the terms of such insurance policies may be materially amended to increase stated exclusions or to otherwise effectively decrease the scope of coverage available (perhaps to the point where it is effectively not available). In addition, to the extent that any insurance policies contain “sunset clauses” (i.e., clauses that void terrorism coverage if the federal insurance backstop program is not renewed), such policies may cease to provide terrorism insurance upon the expiration of the Terrorism Insurance Program. We cannot assure you that the Terrorism Insurance Program or any successor program will create any long term changes in the availability and cost of such insurance. Moreover, future legislation, including regulations expected to be adopted by the Treasury Department pursuant to TRIPRA, may have a material effect on the availability of federal assistance in the terrorism insurance market. To the extent that uninsured or underinsured casualty losses occur with respect to the related mortgaged properties, losses on the mortgage loans may result. In addition, the failure to maintain such terrorism insurance may constitute a default under the related mortgage loan.
Some of the mortgage loans do not require the related borrower to maintain terrorism insurance. In addition, most of the mortgage loans contain limitations on the related borrower’s obligation to obtain terrorism insurance, such as (i) waiving the requirement that such borrower maintain terrorism insurance if such insurance is not available at commercially reasonable rates, (ii) providing that the related borrower is not required to spend in excess of a specified dollar amount (or in some cases, a specified multiple of what is spent on other insurance) in order to obtain such terrorism insurance, (iii) requiring coverage only for as long as the TRIPRA is in effect, or (iv) requiring coverage only for losses arising from domestic acts of terrorism or from terrorist acts certified by the federal
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government as “acts of terrorism” under the TRIPRA. See Annex A-3 for a summary of the terrorism insurance requirements under each of the 15 largest mortgage loans or groups of cross-collateralized mortgage loans. See representation and warranty no. 31 on Annex D-1 and the exceptions thereto on Annex D-2 (subject to the limitations and qualifications set forth in the preamble to Annex D-1).
We cannot assure you that all of the mortgaged properties will be insured against the risks of terrorism and similar acts. As a result of any of the foregoing, the amount available to make distributions on your certificates could be reduced.
Other mortgaged properties securing mortgage loans may also be insured under a blanket policy or self-insured or insured by a sole tenant. See “—Risks Associated with Blanket Insurance Policies or Self-Insurance” below.
Risks Associated with Blanket Insurance Policies or Self-Insurance
Certain of the mortgaged properties are covered by blanket insurance policies, which also cover other properties of the related borrower or its affiliates (including certain properties in close proximity to the mortgaged properties). In the event that such policies are drawn on to cover losses on such other properties, the amount of insurance coverage available under such policies would thereby be reduced and could be insufficient to cover each mortgaged property’s insurable risks.
Certain mortgaged properties may also be insured or self-insured by a sole or significant tenant, as further described under “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Tenant Issues—Insurance Considerations”. We cannot assure you that any insurance obtained by a sole or significant tenant will be adequate or that such sole or significant tenant will comply with any requirements to maintain adequate insurance. Additionally, to the extent that insurance coverage relies on self-insurance, there is a risk that the “insurer” will not be willing or have the financial ability to satisfy a claim if a loss occurs.
Additionally, the risks related to blanket or self-insurance may be aggravated if the mortgage loans that allow such coverage are part of a group of mortgage loans with related borrowers, some or all of which are covered under the same self-insurance or blanket insurance policy, and which may also cover other properties owned by affiliates of such borrowers.
Condemnation of a Mortgaged Property May Adversely Affect Distributions on Certificates
From time to time, there may be condemnations pending or threatened against one or more of the mortgaged properties securing the mortgage loans. The proceeds payable in connection with a total condemnation may not be sufficient to restore the related mortgaged property or to satisfy the remaining indebtedness of the related mortgage loan. The occurrence of a partial condemnation may have a material adverse effect on the continued use of, or income generated by, the affected mortgaged property. Therefore, we cannot assure you that the occurrence of any condemnation will not have a negative impact upon distributions on your offered certificates.
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Limited Information Causes Uncertainty
Historical Information
Some of the mortgage loans that we intend to include in the issuing entity are secured in whole or in part by mortgaged properties for which limited or no historical operating information is available. As a result, you may find it difficult to analyze the historical performance of those mortgaged properties.
A mortgaged property may lack prior operating history or historical financial information because it is newly constructed or renovated, it is a recent acquisition by the related borrower or it is a single-tenant property that is subject to a triple-net lease. In addition, a tenant’s lease may contain confidentiality provisions that restrict the sponsors’ access to or disclosure of such tenant’s financial information. The underwritten net cash flows and underwritten net operating income for such mortgaged properties are derived principally from current rent rolls or tenant leases and historical expenses, adjusted to account for inflation, significant occupancy increases and a market rate management fee. In some cases, underwritten net cash flows and underwritten net operating income for mortgaged properties are based all or in part on leases (or letters of intent) that are not yet in place (and may still be under negotiation) or on tenants that may have signed a lease (or letter of intent), or lease amendment expanding the leased space, but are not yet in occupancy and/or paying rent), which present certain risks described in “—Underwritten Net Cash Flow Could Be Based On Incorrect or Failed Assumptions” below.
See Annex A-1 for certain historical financial information relating to the mortgaged properties, including net operating income for the most recent reporting period and prior 3 calendar years, to the extent available.
Ongoing Information
The primary source of ongoing information regarding the offered certificates, including information regarding the status of the related mortgage loans and any credit support for the offered certificates, will be the periodic reports delivered to you. See “Description of the Certificates—Reports to Certificateholders; Certain Available Information”. We cannot assure you that any additional ongoing information regarding the offered certificates will be available through any other source. The limited nature of the available information in respect of the offered certificates may adversely affect their liquidity, even if a secondary market for the offered certificates does develop.
We are not aware of any source through which pricing information regarding the offered certificates will be generally available on an ongoing basis or on any particular date.
Underwritten Net Cash Flow Could Be Based On Incorrect or Failed Assumptions
As described under “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Certain Calculations and Definitions”, underwritten net cash flow generally includes cash flow (including any cash flow from master leases) adjusted based on a number of assumptions used by the sponsors. We make no representation that the underwritten net cash flow set forth in this prospectus as of the cut-off date or any other date represents actual future net cash flows. For example, with respect to certain mortgage loans included in the issuing entity, the occupancy of the related mortgaged property reflects tenants that (i) may not have yet actually executed leases (but have in some instances signed letters of intent), (ii) have signed leases but have not yet taken occupancy and/or are not paying full contractual rent,
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(iii) are seeking or may in the future seek to sublet all or a portion of their respective spaces, (iv) are “dark” tenants but paying rent, or (v) are affiliates of the related borrower and are leasing space pursuant to a master lease or a space lease. Similarly, with respect to certain mortgage loans included in the issuing entity, the underwritten net cash flow may be based on certain tenants that have not yet executed leases or that have signed leases but are not yet in place and/or are not yet paying rent, or have a signed lease or lease amendment expanding the leased space, but are not yet in occupancy of all or a portion of their space and/or paying rent, or may assume that future contractual rent steps (during some or all of the remaining term of a lease) have occurred. In many cases, co-tenancy provisions were assumed to be satisfied and vacant space was assumed to be occupied and space that was due to expire was assumed to have been re-let, in each case at market rates that may have exceeded current rent. You should review these and other similar assumptions and make your own determination of the appropriate assumptions to be used in determining underwritten net cash flow.
In addition, underwritten or adjusted cash flows, by their nature, are speculative and are based upon certain assumptions and projections. The failure of these assumptions or projections in whole or in part could cause the underwritten net operating income (calculated as described in “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Certain Calculations and Definitions”) to vary substantially from the actual net operating income of a mortgaged property.
In the event of the inaccuracy of any assumptions or projections used in connection with the calculation of underwritten net cash flow, the actual net cash flow could be significantly different (and, in some cases, may be materially less) than the underwritten net cash flow presented in this prospectus, and this would change other numerical information presented in this prospectus based on or derived from the underwritten net cash flow, such as the debt service coverage ratios or debt yield presented in this prospectus. We cannot assure you that any such assumptions or projections made with respect to any mortgaged property will, in fact, be consistent with that mortgaged property’s actual performance.
Frequent and Early Occurrence of Borrower Delinquencies and Defaults May Adversely Affect Your Investment
If you calculate the anticipated yield of your offered certificates based on a rate of default or amount of losses lower than that actually experienced on the mortgage loans and those additional losses result in a reduction of the total distributions on, or the certificate balance of, your offered certificates, your actual yield to maturity will be lower than expected and could be negative under certain extreme scenarios. The timing of any loss on a liquidated mortgage loan that results in a reduction of the total distributions on or the certificate balance of your offered certificates will also affect the actual yield to maturity of your offered certificates, even if the rate of defaults and severity of losses are consistent with your expectations. In general, the earlier a loss is borne by you, the greater the effect on your yield to maturity.
Delinquencies on the mortgage loans, if the delinquent amounts are not advanced, may result in shortfalls in distributions of interest and/or principal to the holders of the offered certificates for the current month. Furthermore, no interest will accrue on this shortfall during the period of time that the payment is delinquent. Additionally, in instances where the principal portion of any balloon payment scheduled with respect to a mortgage loan is collected by the master servicer following the end of the related collection period, no portion of the principal received on such payment will be passed through for distribution to the certificateholders until the subsequent distribution date, which may result in shortfalls in distributions of interest to the holders of the offered certificates in the following month.
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Furthermore, in such instances no provision is made for the master servicer or any other party to cover any such interest shortfalls that may occur as a result. In addition, if interest and/or principal advances and/or servicing advances are made with respect to a mortgage loan after a default and the related mortgage loan is thereafter worked out under terms that do not provide for the repayment of those advances in full at the time of the workout, then any reimbursements of those advances prior to the actual collection of the amount for which the advance was made may also result in shortfalls in distributions of principal to the holders of the offered certificates with certificate balances for the current month. Even if losses on the mortgage loans are not allocated to a particular class of offered certificates with certificate balances, the losses may affect the weighted average life and yield to maturity of that class of offered certificates. In the case of any material monetary or material non-monetary default, the special servicer may accelerate the maturity of the related mortgage loan, which could result in an acceleration of principal distributions to the certificateholders. The special servicer may also extend or modify a mortgage loan, which could result in a substantial delay in principal distributions to the certificateholders. In addition, losses on the mortgage loans, even if not allocated to a class of offered certificates with certificate balances, may result in a higher percentage ownership interest evidenced by those offered certificates in the remaining mortgage loans than would otherwise have resulted absent the loss. The consequent effect on the weighted average life and yield to maturity of the offered certificates will depend upon the characteristics of those remaining mortgage loans in the trust fund.
The Mortgage Loans Have Not Been Reviewed or Re-Underwritten by Us; Some Mortgage Loans May Not Have Complied With Another Originator’s Underwriting Criteria
Although the sponsors have conducted a review of the mortgage loans to be sold to us for this securitization transaction, we, as the depositor for this securitization transaction, have neither originated the mortgage loans nor conducted a review or re-underwriting of the mortgage loans. Instead, we have relied on the representations and warranties made by the applicable sponsors and the remedies for breach of a representation and warranty as described under “Description of the Mortgage Loan Purchase Agreements” and the sponsor’s description of its underwriting criteria described under “Transaction Parties—The Sponsors and Mortgage Loan Sellers—Wells Fargo Bank, National Association—Wells Fargo Bank’s Commercial Mortgage Loan Underwriting”; “— Bank of America, National Association—Bank of America’s Commercial Mortgage Loan Underwriting Standards” and “—Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC—Morgan Stanley Group’s Underwriting Standards”. A description of the review conducted by each sponsor for this securitization transaction is set forth under “Transaction Parties—The Sponsors and Mortgage Loan Sellers—Wells Fargo Bank, National Association—Wells Fargo Bank’s Commercial Mortgage Loan Underwriting”; “— Bank of America, National Association—Bank of America’s Commercial Mortgage Loan Underwriting Standards” and “—Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC—Morgan Stanley Group’s Underwriting Standards”.
The representations and warranties made by the sponsors may not cover all of the matters that one would review in underwriting a mortgage loan and you should not view them as a substitute for re-underwriting the mortgage loans. Furthermore, these representations and warranties in some respects represent an allocation of risk rather than a confirmed description of the mortgage loans. If we had re-underwritten the mortgage loans, it is possible that the re-underwriting process may have revealed problems with a mortgage loan not covered by a representation or warranty or may have revealed inaccuracies in the representations and warranties. See “—Other Risks Relating to the Certificates—Sponsors May Not Make Required Repurchases or Substitutions of Defective
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Mortgage Loans or Pay Any Loss of Value Payment Sufficient to Cover All Losses on a Defective Mortgage Loan” below, and “Description of the Mortgage Loan Purchase Agreements”.
In addition, we cannot assure you that all of the mortgage loans would have complied with the underwriting criteria of the other originators or, accordingly, that each originator would have made the same decision to originate every mortgage loan included in the issuing entity or, if they did decide to originate an unrelated mortgage loan, that they would have been underwritten on the same terms and conditions.
As a result of the foregoing, you are advised and encouraged to make your own investment decision based on a careful review of the information set forth in this prospectus and your own view of the mortgage pool.
Static Pool Data Would Not Be Indicative of the Performance of this Pool
As a result of the distinct nature of each pool of commercial mortgage loans, and the separate mortgage loans within the pool, this prospectus does not include disclosure concerning the delinquency and loss experience of static pools of periodic originations by any sponsor of assets of the type to be securitized (known as “static pool data”). In particular, static pool data showing a low level of delinquencies and defaults would not be indicative of the performance of this pool or any other pools of mortgage loans originated by the same sponsor or sponsors.
While there may be certain common factors affecting the performance and value of income-producing real properties in general, those factors do not apply equally to all income-producing real properties and, in many cases, there are unique factors that will affect the performance and/or value of a particular income-producing real property. Moreover, the effect of a given factor on a particular real property will depend on a number of variables, including but not limited to property type, geographic location, competition, sponsorship and other characteristics of the property and the related commercial mortgage loan. Each income-producing real property represents a separate and distinct business venture and, as a result, each of the mortgage loans requires a unique underwriting analysis. Furthermore, economic and other conditions affecting real properties, whether worldwide, national, regional or local, vary over time. The performance of a pool of mortgage loans originated and outstanding under a given set of economic conditions may vary significantly from the performance of an otherwise comparable mortgage pool originated and outstanding under a different set of economic conditions.
Therefore, you should evaluate this offering on the basis of the information set forth in this prospectus with respect to the mortgage loans, and not on the basis of the performance of other pools of securitized commercial mortgage loans.
Appraisals May Not Reflect Current or Future Market Value of Each Property
Appraisals were obtained with respect to each of the mortgaged properties at or about the time of origination of the related mortgage loan (or whole loan, if applicable) or at or around the time of the acquisition of the mortgage loan (or whole loan, if applicable) by the related sponsor. See Annex A-1 for the dates of the latest appraisals for the mortgaged properties. We have not obtained new appraisals of the mortgaged properties or assigned new valuations to the mortgage loans in connection with the offering of the offered certificates. The market values of the mortgaged properties could have declined since the origination of the related mortgage loans.
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In general, appraisals represent the analysis and opinion of qualified appraisers and are not guarantees of present or future value. One appraiser may reach a different conclusion than that of a different appraiser with respect to the same property. The appraisals seek to establish the amount a typically motivated buyer would pay a typically motivated seller and, in certain cases, may have taken into consideration the purchase price paid by the borrower. The amount could be significantly higher than the amount obtained from the sale of a mortgaged property in a distress or liquidation sale.
Information regarding the appraised values of the mortgaged properties (including loan-to-value ratios) presented in this prospectus is not intended to be a representation as to the past, present or future market values of the mortgaged properties. For example, in some cases, a borrower or its affiliate may have acquired the related mortgaged property for a price or otherwise for consideration in an amount that is less than the related appraised value specified on Annex A-1, including at a foreclosure sale or through acceptance of a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure. Historical operating results of the mortgaged properties used in these appraisals, as adjusted by various assumptions, estimates and subjective judgments on the part of the appraiser, may not be comparable to future operating results. In addition, certain appraisals may be based on extraordinary assumptions, including without limitation, that certain tenants are in-place and paying rent when such tenants have not yet taken occupancy or that certain renovations or property improvement plans have been completed. Additionally, certain appraisals with respect to mortgage loans secured by multiple mortgaged properties may have been conducted on a portfolio basis rather than on an individual property basis, and the sum of the values of the individual properties may be different from (and in some cases may be less than) the appraised value of the aggregate of such properties on a portfolio basis. In addition, other factors may impair the mortgaged properties’ value without affecting their current net operating income, including:
· | changes in governmental regulations, zoning or tax laws; |
· | potential environmental or other legal liabilities; |
· | the availability of refinancing; and |
· | changes in interest rate levels. |
In certain cases, appraisals may reflect both “as-stabilized” or “as-renovated” and “as-is” values. However, the appraised value reflected in this prospectus with respect to each mortgaged property reflects only the “as-is” value unless otherwise specified. Any such “as-stabilized” value or “as-renovated” value may contain certain assumptions, such as future construction completion, projected re-tenanting or increased tenant occupancies. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Appraised Value”.
Additionally, with respect to the appraisals setting forth assumptions, particularly those setting forth extraordinary assumptions, as to the “as-is” value and “as-stabilized” or “as-renovated” value, we cannot assure you that those assumptions are or will be accurate or that any such “as-stabilized” or “as-renovated” value will be the value of the related mortgaged property at maturity or the anticipated repayment date (if any) or at the indicated stabilization date or upon completion of the renovations, as applicable. Any engineering report, site inspection or appraisal represents only the analysis of the individual consultant, engineer or inspector preparing such report at the time of such report, and may not reveal all necessary or desirable repairs, maintenance and capital improvement items. See “Transaction Parties—The Sponsors and Mortgage Loan Sellers—Wells Fargo Bank, National Association—Wells Fargo Bank’s Commercial Mortgage Loan Underwriting”; “—
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Bank of America, National Association—Bank of America’s Commercial Mortgage Loan Underwriting Standards” and “—Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC—Morgan Stanley Group’s Underwriting Standards” for additional information regarding the appraisals. We cannot assure you that the information set forth in this prospectus regarding the appraised values or loan-to-value ratios accurately reflects past, present or future market values of the mortgaged properties or the amount that would be realized upon a sale of the related mortgaged property.
The Performance of a Mortgage Loan and Its Related Mortgaged Property Depends in Part on Who Controls the Borrower and Mortgaged Property
The operation and performance of a mortgage loan will depend in part on the identity of the persons or entities who control the borrower and the mortgaged property. The performance of a mortgage loan may be adversely affected if control of a borrower changes, which may occur, for example, by means of transfers of direct or indirect ownership interests in the borrower, or if the mortgage loan is assigned to and assumed by another person or entity along with a transfer of the property to that person or entity.
Many of the mortgage loans generally place certain restrictions on the transfer and/or pledging of general partnership and managing member equity interests in a borrower, such as specific percentage or control limitations, although some have current or permit future mezzanine or subordinate debt. We cannot assure you the ownership of any of the borrowers would not change during the term of the related mortgage loan and result in a material adverse effect on your certificates. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Additional Indebtedness” and “—Certain Terms of the Mortgage Loans—“Due-On-Sale” and “Due-On-Encumbrance” Provisions”.
The Borrower’s Form of Entity May Cause Special Risks
The borrowers are legal entities rather than individuals. Mortgage loans made to legal entities may entail greater risks of loss than those associated with mortgage loans made to individuals. For example, a legal entity, as opposed to an individual, may be more inclined to seek legal protection from its creditors under the bankruptcy laws. Unlike individuals involved in bankruptcies, most entities generally, but not in all cases, do not have personal assets and creditworthiness at stake.
The terms of certain of the mortgage loans require that the borrowers be single-purpose entities and, in most cases, such borrowers’ organizational documents or the terms of the mortgage loans limit their activities to the ownership of only the related mortgaged property or mortgaged properties and limit the borrowers’ ability to incur additional indebtedness. Such provisions are designed to mitigate the possibility that the borrower’s financial condition would be adversely impacted by factors unrelated to the related mortgaged property and mortgage loan. Such borrower may also have previously owned property other than the related mortgaged property or may be a so-called “recycled” single-purpose entity that previously had other business activities and liabilities. However, we cannot assure you that such borrowers have in the past complied, or in the future will comply, with such requirements. Additionally, in some cases unsecured debt exists and/or is allowed in the future. Furthermore, in many cases such borrowers are not required to observe all covenants and conditions which typically are required in order for such borrowers to be viewed under standard rating agency criteria as “single purpose entities”.
Although a borrower may currently be a single purpose entity, in certain cases the borrowers were not originally formed as single purpose entities, but at origination of the related mortgage loan their organizational documents were amended. Such borrower may
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have previously owned property other than the related mortgaged property and may not have observed all covenants that typically are required to consider a borrower a “single purpose entity” and thus may have liabilities arising from events prior to becoming a single purpose entity.
The organizational documents of a borrower or the direct or indirect managing partner or member of a borrower may also contain requirements that there be one or two independent directors, managers or trustees (depending on the entity form of such borrower) whose vote is required before the borrower files a voluntary bankruptcy or insolvency petition or otherwise institutes insolvency proceedings. Generally, but not always, the independent directors, managers or trustees may only be replaced with certain other independent successors. Although the requirement of having independent directors, managers or trustees is designed to mitigate the risk of a voluntary bankruptcy filing by a solvent borrower, a borrower could file for bankruptcy without obtaining the consent of its independent director(s) (and we cannot assure you that such bankruptcy would be dismissed as an unauthorized filing), and in any case the independent directors, managers or trustees may determine that a bankruptcy filing is an appropriate course of action to be taken by such borrower. Although the independent directors, managers or trustees generally owe no fiduciary duties to entities other than the borrower itself, such determination might take into account the interests and financial condition of such borrower’s parent entities and such parent entities’ other subsidiaries in addition to those of the borrower. Consequently, the financial distress of an affiliate of a borrower might increase the likelihood of a bankruptcy filing by a borrower.
The bankruptcy of a borrower, or a general partner or managing member of a borrower, may impair the ability of the lender to enforce its rights and remedies under the related mortgage loan. Certain of the mortgage loans have been made to single purpose limited partnerships that have a general partner or general partners that are not themselves single purpose entities. Such loans are subject to additional bankruptcy risk. The organizational documents of the general partner in such cases do not limit it to acting as the general partner of the partnership. Accordingly there is a greater risk that the general partner may become insolvent for reasons unrelated to the mortgaged property. The bankruptcy of a general partner may dissolve the partnership under applicable state law. In addition, even if the partnership itself is not insolvent, actions by the partnership and/or a bankrupt general partner that are outside the ordinary course of their business, such as refinancing the related mortgage loan, may require prior approval of the bankruptcy court in the general partner’s bankruptcy case. The proceedings required to resolve these issues may be costly and time-consuming.
Any borrower, even an entity structured as a single purpose entity, as an owner of real estate, will be subject to certain potential liabilities and risks as an owner of real estate. We cannot assure you that any borrower will not file for bankruptcy protection or that creditors of a borrower or a corporate or individual general partner or managing member of a borrower will not initiate a bankruptcy or similar proceeding against such borrower or corporate or individual general partner or managing member.
Certain borrowers’ organizational documents or the terms of certain mortgage loans permit an affiliated property manager to maintain a custodial account on behalf of such borrower and certain affiliates of such borrower into which funds available to such borrower under the terms of the related mortgage loans and funds of such affiliates are held, but which funds are and will continue to be separately accounted for as to each item of income and expense for each related mortgaged property and each related borrower. A custodial account structure for affiliated entities, while common among certain REITs, institutions or independent owners of multiple properties, presents a risk for consolidation of the assets of
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such affiliates as commingling of funds is a factor a court may consider in considering a request by other creditors for substantive consolidation. Substantive consolidation is an equitable remedy that could result in an otherwise solvent company becoming subject to the bankruptcy proceedings of an insolvent affiliate, making its assets available to repay the debts of affiliated companies. A court has the discretion to order substantive consolidation in whole or in part and may include non-debtor affiliates of the bankrupt entity in the proceedings. In particular, consolidation may be ordered when corporate funds are commingled and used for a principal’s personal purposes, inadequate records of transfers are made and corporate entities are deemed an alter ego of a principal. Strict adherence to maintaining separate books and records, avoiding commingling of assets and otherwise maintaining corporate policies designed to preserve the separateness of corporate assets and liabilities make it less likely that a court would order substantive consolidation, but we cannot assure you that the related borrowers, property managers or affiliates will comply with these requirements as set forth in the related mortgage loans.
Furthermore, with respect to any affiliated borrowers, creditors of a common parent in bankruptcy may seek to consolidate the assets of such borrowers with those of the parent. Consolidation of the assets of such borrowers would likely have an adverse effect on the funds available to make distributions on your certificates, and may lead to a downgrade, withdrawal or qualification of the ratings of your certificates.
See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Certain Terms of the Mortgage Loans—Single Purpose Entity Covenants” and “Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans—Bankruptcy Laws”.
In addition, borrowers may own a mortgaged property as tenants-in-common. In the case of a mortgaged property that is owned by tenants-in-common, there is a risk that obtaining the consent of the tenants-in-common will be time consuming and cause delays with respect to the taking of certain actions by or on behalf of the borrower, including with respect to the related mortgaged property. See “—Tenancies-in-Common May Hinder Recovery” below. See also “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Tenancies-in-Common or Diversified Ownership” in this prospectus.
In addition, certain of the mortgage loans may have borrowers that are wholly or partially (directly or indirectly) owned by one or more crowd funding investor groups or other diversified ownership structures. Investments in the commercial real estate market through crowd funding investor groups are a relatively recent development and there may be certain unanticipated risks to this new ownership structure which may adversely affect the related mortgage loan. Typically, the crowd funding investor group is made up of a large number of individual investors who invest relatively small amounts in the group pursuant to a securities offering. With respect to an equity investment in the borrower, the crowd funding investor group in turn purchases a stake in the borrower. Accordingly, equity in the borrower is indirectly held by the individual investors in the crowd funding group. We cannot assure you that either the crowd funding investor group or the individual investors in the crowd funding investor group or other diversified ownership structure have relevant expertise in the commercial real estate market. Additionally, crowd funding investor groups are required to comply with various securities regulations related to offerings of securities and we cannot assure you that any enforcement action or legal proceeding regarding failure to comply with such securities regulations would not delay enforcement of the related mortgage loan. Furthermore, we cannot assure you that a bankruptcy proceeding by the crowd funding investor group or other diversified ownership structure will not delay enforcement of the related mortgage loan. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Tenancies-in-Common or Diversified Ownership” in this prospectus. See “—Litigation Regarding the Mortgaged Properties or Borrowers May Impair Your
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Distributions”, “—Frequent and Early Occurrence of Borrower Delinquencies and Defaults May Adversely Affect Your Investment” and “—The Performance of a Mortgage Loan and Its Related Mortgaged Property Depends in Part on Who Controls the Borrower and Mortgaged Property”.
A Bankruptcy Proceeding May Result in Losses and Delays in Realizing on the Mortgage Loans
Numerous statutory provisions, including the federal bankruptcy code and state laws affording relief to debtors, may interfere with and delay the ability of a secured mortgage lender to obtain payment of a loan, to realize upon collateral and/or to enforce a deficiency judgment. For example, under the federal bankruptcy code, virtually all actions (including foreclosure actions and deficiency judgment proceedings) are automatically stayed upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition, and, often, no interest or principal payments are made during the course of the bankruptcy proceeding. Also, under federal bankruptcy law, the filing of a petition in bankruptcy by or on behalf of a junior lien holder may stay the senior lender from taking action to foreclose out such junior lien. Certain of the mortgage loans have sponsors that have previously filed bankruptcy and we cannot assure you that such sponsors will not be more likely than other sponsors to utilize their rights in bankruptcy in the event of any threatened action by the mortgagee to enforce its rights under the related mortgage loan documents. As a result, the issuing entity’s recovery with respect to borrowers in bankruptcy proceedings may be significantly delayed, and the aggregate amount ultimately collected may be substantially less than the amount owed. See “—Other Financings or Ability To Incur Other Indebtedness Entails Risk” below, “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Loan Purpose; Default History, Bankruptcy Issues and Other Proceedings” and “Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans—Bankruptcy Laws”.
Additionally, the courts of any state may refuse the foreclosure of a mortgage or deed of trust when an acceleration of the indebtedness would be inequitable or unjust or the circumstances would render the action unconscionable. See “Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans—Foreclosure”.
See also “—Performance of the Mortgage Loan Will Be Highly Dependent on the Performance of Tenants and Tenant Leases—Tenant Bankruptcy Could Result in a Rejection of the Related Lease” above.
Litigation Regarding the Mortgaged Properties or Borrowers May Impair Your Distributions
There may be (and there may exist from time to time) pending or threatened legal proceedings against, or disputes with, the borrowers, the borrower sponsors, the managers of the mortgaged properties and their respective affiliates arising out of their ordinary business. We have not undertaken a search for all legal proceedings that relate to the borrowers, borrower sponsors, managers for the mortgaged properties or their respective affiliates. Potential investors are advised and encouraged to perform their own searches related to such matters to the extent relevant to their investment decision. Any such litigation or dispute may materially impair distributions to certificateholders if borrowers must use property income to pay judgments, legal fees or litigation costs. We cannot assure you that any litigation or dispute or any settlement of any litigation or dispute will not have a material adverse effect on your investment.
Additionally, a borrower or a principal of a borrower or affiliate may have been a party to a bankruptcy, foreclosure, litigation or other proceeding, particularly against a lender, or may have been convicted of a crime in the past. In addition, certain of the borrower
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sponsors, property managers, affiliates of any of the foregoing and/or entities controlled thereby have been a party to bankruptcy proceedings, mortgage loan defaults and restructures, discounted payoffs, foreclosure proceedings or deed-in-lieu of foreclosure transactions, or other material proceedings (including criminal proceedings) in the past, whether or not related to the mortgaged property securing a mortgage loan in this securitization transaction. In some cases, mortgaged properties securing certain of the mortgage loans previously secured other loans that had been in default, restructured or the subject of a discounted payoff, foreclosure or deed-in-lieu of foreclosure.
Certain of the borrower sponsors may have a history of litigation or other proceedings against their lender, in some cases involving various parties to a securitization transaction. We cannot assure you that the borrower sponsors that have engaged in litigation or other proceedings in the past will not commence action against the issuing entity in the future upon any attempt by the special servicer to enforce the mortgage loan documents. Any such actions by the borrower or borrower sponsor may result in significant expense and potential loss to the issuing entity and a shortfall in funds available to make payments on the offered certificates. In addition, certain principals or borrower sponsors may have in the past been convicted of, or pled guilty to, a felony. We cannot assure you that such borrower or principal will not be more likely than other borrowers or principals to avail itself or cause a borrower to avail itself of its legal rights, under the federal bankruptcy code or otherwise, in the event of an action or threatened action by the lender or its servicer to enforce the related mortgage loan documents, or otherwise conduct its operations in a manner that is in the best interests of the lender and/or the mortgaged property. We cannot assure you that any such proceedings or actions will not have a material adverse effect upon distributions on your certificates. Further, borrowers, principals of borrowers, property managers and affiliates of such parties may, in the future, be involved in bankruptcy proceedings, foreclosure proceedings or other material proceedings (including criminal proceedings), whether or not related to the mortgage loans. We cannot assure you that any such proceedings will not negatively impact a borrower’s or borrower sponsor’s ability to meet its obligations under the related mortgage loan and, as a result could have a material adverse effect upon your certificates.
Often it is difficult to confirm the identity of owners of all of the equity in a borrower, which means that past issues may not be discovered as to such owners. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Litigation and Other Considerations” and “—Loan Purpose; Default History, Bankruptcy Issues and Other Proceedings” for additional information on certain mortgage loans in the issuing entity. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that there are no undisclosed bankruptcy proceedings, foreclosure proceedings, deed-in-lieu-of-foreclosure transaction and/or mortgage loan workout matters that involved one or more mortgage loans or mortgaged properties, and/or a guarantor, borrower sponsor or other party to a mortgage loan.
In addition, in the event the owner of a borrower experiences financial problems, we cannot assure you that such owner would not attempt to take actions with respect to the mortgaged property that may adversely affect the borrower’s ability to fulfill its obligations under the related mortgage loan. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Litigation and Other Considerations” for information regarding litigation matters with respect to certain mortgage loans.
Other Financings or Ability to Incur Other Indebtedness Entails Risk
When a borrower (or its constituent members) also has one or more other outstanding loans (even if they are pari passu, subordinated, mezzanine, preferred equity or unsecured
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loans or another type of equity pledge), the issuing entity is subjected to additional risk such as:
· | the borrower (or its constituent members) may have difficulty servicing and repaying multiple financings; |
· | the existence of other financings will generally also make it more difficult for the borrower to obtain refinancing of the related mortgage loan (or whole loan, if applicable) or sell the related mortgaged property and may thereby jeopardize repayment of the mortgage loan (or whole loan, if applicable); |
· | the need to service additional financings may reduce the cash flow available to the borrower to operate and maintain the mortgaged property and the value of the mortgaged property may decline as a result; |
· | if a borrower (or its constituent members) defaults on its mortgage loan and/or any other financing, actions taken by other lenders such as a suit for collection, foreclosure or an involuntary petition for bankruptcy against the borrower could impair the security available to the issuing entity, including the mortgaged property, or stay the issuing entity’s ability to foreclose during the course of the bankruptcy case; |
· | the bankruptcy of another lender also may operate to stay foreclosure by the issuing entity; and |
· | the issuing entity may also be subject to the costs and administrative burdens of involvement in foreclosure or bankruptcy proceedings or related litigation. |
Although no companion loan related to a whole loan will be an asset of the issuing entity, the related borrower is still obligated to make interest and principal payments on such companion loan. As a result, the issuing entity is subject to additional risks, including:
· | the risk that the necessary maintenance of the related mortgaged property could be deferred to allow the borrower to pay the required debt service on these other obligations and that the value of the mortgaged property may fall as a result; and |
· | the risk that it may be more difficult for the borrower to refinance these loans or to sell the related mortgaged property for purposes of making any balloon payment on the entire balance of such loans and the related additional debt at maturity or anticipated repayment date. |
With respect to mezzanine financing (if any), while a mezzanine lender has no security interest in the related mortgaged properties, a default under a mezzanine loan could cause a change in control of the related borrower. With respect to mortgage loans that permit mezzanine financing, the relative rights of the mortgagee and the related mezzanine lender will generally be set forth in an intercreditor agreement, which agreements typically provide that the rights of the mezzanine lender (including the right to payment) against the borrower and mortgaged property are subordinate to the rights of the mortgage lender and that the mezzanine lender may not take any enforcement action against the mortgage borrower and mortgaged property.
In addition, the mortgage loan documents related to certain mortgage loans may have or permit future “preferred equity” structures, where one or more special limited partners or members receive a preferred return in exchange for an infusion of capital or other type of equity pledge that may require payments of a specified return or of excess cash flow. Such
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arrangements can present risks that resemble mezzanine debt, including dilution of the borrower’s equity in the mortgaged property, stress on the cash flow in the form of a preferred return or excess cash payments, and/or potential changes in the management of the related mortgaged property in the event the preferred return is not satisfied.
Additionally, the terms of certain mortgage loans permit or require the borrowers to post letters of credit and/or surety bonds for the benefit of the related mortgage loan, which may constitute a contingent reimbursement obligation of the related borrower or an affiliate. The issuing bank or surety will not typically agree to subordination and standstill protection benefiting the mortgagee.
In addition, borrowers under most of the mortgage loans are generally permitted to incur trade payables and equipment financing, which may not be limited or may be significant, in order to operate the related mortgaged properties. Also, with respect to certain mortgage loans the related borrower either has incurred or is permitted to incur unsecured debt from an affiliate of either the borrower or the sponsor of the borrower. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Additional Indebtedness—Other Unsecured Indebtedness”.
For additional information, see “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Additional Indebtedness” and “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan”.
Tenancies-in-Common May Hinder Recovery
Certain of the mortgage loans included in the issuing entity have borrowers that own the related mortgaged properties as tenants-in-common. In general, with respect to a tenant-in-common ownership structure, each tenant-in-common owns an undivided share in the property and if such tenant-in-common desires to sell its interest in the property (and is unable to find a buyer or otherwise needs to force a partition) the tenant-in-common has the ability to request that a court order a sale of the property and distribute the proceeds to each tenant in common proportionally. As a result, if a tenant-in-common that has not waived its right of partition or similar right exercises a right of partition, the related mortgage loan may be subject to prepayment. The bankruptcy, dissolution or action for partition by one or more of the tenants-in-common could result in an early repayment of the related mortgage loan, significant delay in recovery against the tenant-in-common borrowers, particularly if the tenant-in-common borrowers file for bankruptcy separately or in series (because each time a tenant-in-common borrower files for bankruptcy, the bankruptcy court stay will be reinstated), a material impairment in property management and a substantial decrease in the amount recoverable upon the related mortgage loan. Not all tenants-in-common under the mortgage loans will be single purpose entities. Each tenant-in-common borrower has waived its right to partition, reducing the risk of partition. However, we cannot assure you that, if challenged, this waiver would be enforceable. In addition, in some cases, the related mortgage loan documents may provide for full recourse (or in an amount equal to its pro rata share of the debt) to the related tenant-in-common borrower or the guarantor if a tenant-in-common files for partition.
Risks Relating to Enforceability of Cross-Collateralization
Cross-collateralization arrangements may be terminated in certain circumstances under the terms of the related mortgage loan documents. Cross-collateralization arrangements whereby multiple borrowers grant their respective mortgaged properties as security for one or more mortgage loans could be challenged as fraudulent conveyances by the creditors or the bankruptcy estate of any of the related borrowers.
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Among other things, a legal challenge to the granting of the liens may focus on the benefits realized by that borrower from the respective mortgage loan proceeds, as well as the overall cross-collateralization. If a court were to conclude that the granting of the liens was an avoidable fraudulent conveyance, that court could subordinate all or part of the mortgage loan to other debt of that borrower, recover prior payments made on that mortgage loan, or take other actions such as invalidating the mortgage loan or the mortgages securing the cross-collateralization. See “Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans—Bankruptcy Laws”.
In addition, when multiple real properties secure a mortgage loan, the amount of the mortgage encumbering any particular one of those properties may be less than the full amount of the related aggregate mortgage loan indebtedness, to minimize recording tax. This mortgage amount is generally established at 100% to 150% of the appraised value or allocated loan amount for the mortgaged property and will limit the extent to which proceeds from the property will be available to offset declines in value of the other properties securing the same mortgage loan.
See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics” for a description of any mortgage loans that are cross-collateralized and cross-defaulted with each other or that are secured by multiple properties owned by multiple borrowers.
Risks Relating to Enforceability of Yield Maintenance Charges, Prepayment Premiums or Defeasance Provisions
Provisions requiring yield maintenance charges, prepayment premiums or lockout periods may not be enforceable in some states and under federal bankruptcy law. Provisions requiring prepayment premiums or yield maintenance charges also may be interpreted as constituting the collection of interest for usury purposes. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that the obligation to pay a yield maintenance charge or prepayment premium will be enforceable. Also, we cannot assure you that foreclosure proceeds will be sufficient to pay an enforceable yield maintenance charge or prepayment premium.
Additionally, although the collateral substitution provisions related to defeasance do not have the same effect on the certificateholders as prepayment, we cannot assure you that a court would not interpret those provisions as the equivalent of a yield maintenance charge or prepayment premium. In certain jurisdictions those collateral substitution provisions might therefore be deemed unenforceable or usurious under applicable law or public policy.
Risks Associated with One Action Rules
Several states (such as California) have laws that prohibit more than one “judicial action” to enforce a mortgage obligation, and some courts have construed the term “judicial action” broadly. Accordingly, the special servicer will be required to obtain advice of counsel prior to enforcing any of the issuing entity’s rights under any of the mortgage loans that include mortgaged properties where a “one action” rule could be applicable. In the case of a multi-property mortgage loan which is secured by mortgaged properties located in multiple states, the special servicer may be required to foreclose first on properties located in states where “one action” rules apply (and where non-judicial foreclosure is permitted) before foreclosing on properties located in states where judicial foreclosure is the only permitted method of foreclosure. See “Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans—Foreclosure”.
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State Law Limitations on Assignments of Leases and Rents May Entail Risks
Generally mortgage loans included in an issuing entity secured by mortgaged properties that are subject to leases typically will be secured by an assignment of leases and rents pursuant to which the related borrower (or with respect to any indemnity deed of trust structure, the related property owner) assigns to the lender its right, title and interest as landlord under the leases of the related mortgaged properties, and the income derived from those leases, as further security for the related mortgage loan, while retaining a license to collect rents for so long as there is no default. If the borrower defaults, the license terminates and the lender is entitled to collect rents. Some state laws may require that the lender take possession of the related property and obtain a judicial appointment of a receiver before becoming entitled to collect the rents. In addition, if bankruptcy or similar proceedings are commenced by or in respect of the borrower, the lender’s ability to collect the rents may be adversely affected. See “Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans—Leases and Rents” and “—Bankruptcy Laws”.
Various Other Laws Could Affect the Exercise of Lender’s Rights
The laws of the jurisdictions in which the mortgaged properties are located (which laws may vary substantially) govern many of the legal aspects of the mortgage loans. These laws may affect the ability to foreclose on, and, in turn the ability to realize value from, the mortgaged properties securing the mortgage loans. For example, state law determines:
· | what proceedings are required for foreclosure; |
· | whether the borrower and any foreclosed junior lienors may redeem the property and the conditions under which these rights of redemption may be exercised; |
· | whether and to what extent recourse to the borrower is permitted; and |
· | what rights junior mortgagees have and whether the amount of fees and interest that lenders may charge is limited. |
In addition, the laws of some jurisdictions may render certain provisions of the mortgage loans unenforceable or subject to limitations which may affect lender’s rights under the mortgage loans. Delays in liquidations of defaulted mortgage loans and shortfalls in amounts realized upon liquidation as a result of the application of these laws may create delays and shortfalls in payments to certificateholders. See “Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans”.
Risks of Anticipated Repayment Date Loans
Certain of the mortgage loans provide that, if after a certain date (referred to as the anticipated repayment date) the related borrower has not prepaid the mortgage loan in full, any principal outstanding after that anticipated repayment date will accrue interest at an increased interest rate rather than the stated mortgage loan rate. Generally, from and after the anticipated repayment date, cash flow in excess of that required for debt service (and in some cases, mezzanine debt service), the funding of reserves and certain approved operating expenses with respect to the related mortgaged property will be applied toward the payment of principal (without payment of a yield maintenance charge) of the related mortgage loan (or in some cases, provided no event of default under the related mortgage loan is continuing, may be applied pro rata to payment of principal of the related mortgage loan and a related mezzanine loan) until its principal balance has been reduced to zero. Although these provisions may create an incentive for the borrower to repay the mortgage
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loan in full on its anticipated repayment date, a substantial payment would be required and the borrower has no obligation to do so. With respect to any anticipated repayment date mortgage loan included in the mortgage pool, the payment of excess interest on such mortgage loan (and on any related mezzanine loan) will be payable on a current basis, and prior to the application of excess cash flow to principal. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Certain Terms of the Mortgage Loans—ARD Loans”.
The Absence of Lockboxes Entails Risks That Could Adversely Affect Distributions on Your Certificates
Certain of the mortgage loans may not require the related borrower to cause rent and other payments to be made into a lockbox account maintained on behalf of the mortgagee, although some of those mortgage loans do provide for a springing lockbox. If rental payments are not required to be made directly into a lockbox account, there is a risk that the borrower will divert such funds for other purposes.
Borrower May Be Unable To Repay Remaining Principal Balance on Maturity Date or Anticipated Repayment Date; Longer Amortization Schedules and Interest-Only Provisions Increase Risk
Mortgage loans with substantial remaining principal balances at their stated maturity date or anticipated repayment date, as applicable, involve greater risk than fully-amortizing mortgage loans because the borrower may be unable to repay the mortgage loan at that time. In addition, fully amortizing mortgage loans which may pay interest on an “actual/360” basis but have fixed monthly payments may, in effect, have a small balloon payment due at maturity or anticipated repayment date.
Most of the mortgage loans have amortization schedules that are significantly longer than their respective terms to maturity or anticipated repayment date, as applicable, and many of the mortgage loans require only payments of interest for part or all of their respective terms. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Certain Terms of the Mortgage Loans—Due Dates; Mortgage Rates; Calculations of Interest”. A longer amortization schedule or an interest-only provision in a mortgage loan will result in a higher amount of principal outstanding under the mortgage loan at any particular time, including at the maturity date or anticipated repayment date of the mortgage loan, than would have otherwise been the case had a shorter amortization schedule been used or had the mortgage loan had a shorter interest-only period or not included an interest-only provision at all. That higher principal amount outstanding could both (i) make it more difficult for the related borrower to make the required balloon payment at maturity or to repay the outstanding principal amount at the anticipated repayment date and (ii) lead to increased losses for the issuing entity either during the loan term or at maturity or anticipated repayment date if the mortgage loan becomes a defaulted mortgage loan.
A borrower’s ability to repay a mortgage loan on its stated maturity date or anticipated repayment date, as applicable, typically will depend upon its ability either to refinance the mortgage loan or to sell the mortgaged property at a price sufficient to permit repayment. A borrower’s ability to achieve either of these goals will be affected by a number of factors, including:
· | the availability of, and competition for, credit for commercial, multifamily or manufactured housing community real estate projects, which fluctuate over time; |
· | the prevailing interest rates; |
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· | the net operating income generated by the mortgaged property; |
· | the fair market value of the related mortgaged property; |
· | the borrower’s equity in the related mortgaged property; |
· | significant tenant rollover at the related mortgaged properties (see “—Retail Properties Have Special Risks” and “—Office Properties Have Special Risks” above); |
· | the borrower’s financial condition; |
· | the operating history and occupancy level of the mortgaged property; |
· | reductions in applicable government assistance/rent subsidy programs; |
· | the tax laws; and |
· | prevailing general and regional economic conditions. |
With respect to any mortgage loan that is part of a whole loan, the risks relating to balloon payment obligations are enhanced by the existence and amount of any related companion loan.
None of the sponsors, any party to the pooling and servicing agreement or any other person will be under any obligation to refinance any mortgage loan. However, in order to maximize recoveries on defaulted mortgage loans, the pooling and servicing agreement permits the special servicer (and the trust and servicing agreement governing the servicing of a non-serviced whole loan may permit the related special servicer) to extend and modify mortgage loans in a manner consistent with the servicing standard, subject to the limitations described under “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Realization Upon Mortgage Loans” and “—Modifications, Waivers and Amendments”.
Neither the master servicer nor the special servicer will have the ability to extend or modify a non-serviced mortgage loan because such mortgage loan is being serviced by the master servicer or special servicer pursuant to the trust and servicing agreement governing the servicing of the applicable non-serviced whole loan. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan”.
We cannot assure you that any extension or modification will increase the present value of recoveries in a given case. Whether or not losses are ultimately sustained, any delay in collection of a balloon payment that would otherwise be distributable on your certificates, whether such delay is due to borrower default or to modification of the related mortgage loan, will likely extend the weighted average life of your certificates.
In any event, we cannot assure you that each borrower under a balloon loan will have the ability to repay the principal balance of such mortgage loan on the related maturity date or anticipated repayment date, as applicable.
See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics”.
Risks Related to Ground Leases and Other Leasehold Interests
With respect to certain mortgaged properties, the encumbered interest will be characterized as a “fee interest” if (i) the borrower has a fee interest in all or substantially all of the mortgaged property (provided that if the borrower has a leasehold interest in any
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portion of the mortgaged property, such portion is not material to the use or operation of the mortgaged property), or (ii) the mortgage loan is secured by the borrower’s leasehold interest in the mortgaged property as well as the borrower’s (or other fee owner’s) overlapping fee interest in the related mortgaged property.
Leasehold mortgage loans are subject to certain risks not associated with mortgage loans secured by a lien on the fee estate of the borrower. The most significant of these risks is that if the related borrower’s leasehold were to be terminated upon a lease default, the lender would lose its security in the leasehold interest. Generally, each related ground lease or a lessor estoppel requires the lessor to give the lender notice of the borrower’s defaults under the ground lease and an opportunity to cure them, permits the leasehold interest to be assigned to the lender or the purchaser at a foreclosure sale, in some cases only upon the consent of the lessor, and contains certain other protective provisions typically included in a “mortgageable” ground lease, although not all these protective provisions are included in each case.
Upon the bankruptcy of a lessor or a lessee under a ground lease, the debtor has the right to assume or reject the lease. If a debtor lessor rejects the lease, the lessee has the right pursuant to the federal bankruptcy code to treat such lease as terminated by rejection or remain in possession of its leased premises for the rent otherwise payable under the lease for the remaining term of the ground lease (including renewals) and to offset against such rent any damages incurred due to the landlord’s failure to perform its obligations under the lease. If a debtor lessee/borrower rejects any or all of the lease, the leasehold lender could succeed to the lessee/borrower’s position under the lease only if the lease specifically grants the lender such right. If both the lessor and the lessee/borrower are involved in bankruptcy proceedings, the issuing entity may be unable to enforce the bankrupt lessee/borrower’s pre-petition agreement to refuse to treat a ground lease rejected by a bankrupt lessor as terminated. In such circumstances, a ground lease could be terminated notwithstanding lender protection provisions contained in the ground lease or in the mortgage.
Some of the ground leases securing the mortgage loans may provide that the ground rent payable under the related ground lease increases during the term of the mortgage loan. These increases may adversely affect the cash flow and net income of the related borrower.
A leasehold lender could lose its security unless (i) the leasehold lender holds a fee mortgage, (ii) the ground lease requires the lessor to enter into a new lease with the leasehold lender upon termination or rejection of the ground lease, or (iii) the bankruptcy court, as a court of equity, allows the leasehold lender to assume the ground lessee’s obligations under the ground lease and succeed to the ground lessee’s position. Although not directly covered by the 1994 amendments to the federal bankruptcy code, such a result would be consistent with the purpose of the 1994 amendments to the federal bankruptcy code granting the holders of leasehold mortgages permitted under the terms of the lease the right to succeed to the position of a leasehold mortgagor. Although consistent with the federal bankruptcy code, such position may not be adopted by the applicable bankruptcy court.
Further, in a decision by the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit (Precision Indus. v. Qualitech Steel SBQ, LLC, 327 F.3d 537 (7th Cir. 2003)) the court ruled with respect to an unrecorded lease of real property that where a statutory sale of the fee interest in leased property occurs under the federal bankruptcy code upon the bankruptcy of a landlord, such sale terminates a lessee’s possessory interest in the property, and the purchaser assumes title free and clear of any interest, including any leasehold estates.
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Pursuant to the federal bankruptcy code, a lessee may request the bankruptcy court to prohibit or condition the statutory sale of the property so as to provide adequate protection of the leasehold interest; however, the court ruled that this provision does not ensure continued possession of the property, but rather entitles the lessee to compensation for the value of its leasehold interest, typically from the sale proceeds. While there are certain circumstances under which a “free and clear” sale under the federal bankruptcy code would not be authorized (including that the lessee could not be compelled in a legal or equitable proceeding to accept a monetary satisfaction of his possessory interest, and that none of the other conditions of the federal bankruptcy code otherwise permits the sale), we cannot assure you that those circumstances would be present in any proposed sale of a leased premises. As a result, we cannot assure you that, in the event of a statutory sale of leased property pursuant to the federal bankruptcy code, the lessee will be able to maintain possession of the property under the ground lease. In addition, we cannot assure you that the lessee and/or the lender will be able to recoup the full value of the leasehold interest in bankruptcy court. Most of the ground leases contain standard protections typically obtained by securitization lenders. Certain of the ground leases with respect to a mortgage loan included in the issuing entity may not. See also representation and warranty no. 36 on Annex D-1 (subject to the limitations and qualifications set forth in the preamble to Annex D-1).
Except as noted in this prospectus, each of the ground leases has a term that extends at least 20 years beyond the maturity date of the mortgage loan (taking into account all freely exercisable extension options) and contains customary mortgagee protection provisions, including notice and cure rights and the right to enter into a new lease with the applicable ground lessor in the event a ground lease is rejected or terminated.
With respect to certain of the mortgage loans, the related borrower may have given to certain lessors under the related ground lease a right of first refusal in the event a sale is contemplated or an option to purchase all or a portion of the mortgaged property and these provisions, if not waived, may impede the mortgagee’s ability to sell the related mortgaged property at foreclosure or adversely affect the foreclosure process.
See “Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans—Bankruptcy Laws”.
Increases in Real Estate Taxes May Reduce Available Funds
Certain of the mortgaged properties securing the mortgage loans have or may in the future have the benefit of reduced real estate taxes in connection with a local government “payment in lieu of taxes” program or other tax abatement arrangements. Upon expiration of such program or if such programs were otherwise terminated, the related borrower would be required to pay higher, and in some cases substantially higher, real estate taxes. Prior to expiration of such program, the tax benefit to the mortgaged property may decrease throughout the term of the expiration date until the expiration of such program. An increase in real estate taxes may impact the ability of the borrower to pay debt service on the mortgage loan.
See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Real Estate and Other Tax Considerations” for descriptions of real estate tax matters relating to certain mortgaged properties.
State and Local Mortgage Recording Taxes May Apply Upon a Foreclosure or Deed-in-Lieu of Foreclosure and Reduce Net Proceeds
Many jurisdictions impose recording taxes on mortgages which, if not paid at the time of the recording of the mortgage, may impair the ability of the lender to foreclose the
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mortgage. Such taxes, interest, and penalties could be significant in amount and would, if imposed, reduce the net proceeds realized by the issuing entity in liquidating the real property securing the related mortgage loan.
Risks Related to Conflicts of Interest
Interests and Incentives of the Originators, the Sponsors and Their Affiliates May Not Be Aligned With Your Interests
The originators, the sponsors and their affiliates (including certain of the underwriters) expect to derive ancillary benefits from this offering and their respective incentives may not be aligned with those of purchasers of the offered certificates. The sponsors originated or purchased the mortgage loans in order to securitize the mortgage loans by means of a transaction such as the offering of the offered certificates. The sponsors will sell the mortgage loans to the depositor (an affiliate of Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, one of the sponsors and originators, the master servicer, the certificate administrator and the initial risk retention consultation party, and of Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, one of the underwriters) on the closing date in exchange for cash, derived from the sale of the offered certificates to investors and/or in exchange for offered certificates. A completed offering would reduce the originators’ exposure to the mortgage loans. The originators made the mortgage loans with a view toward securitizing them and distributing the exposure by means of a transaction such as this offering of offered certificates. In addition, certain mortgaged properties may have tenants that are affiliated with the related originator. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Tenant Issues—Affiliated Leases”. This offering of offered certificates will effectively transfer the originators’ exposure to the mortgage loans to purchasers of the offered certificates.
The originators, the sponsors and their affiliates expect to receive various benefits, including compensation, commissions, payments, rebates, remuneration and business opportunities, in connection with or as a result of this offering of offered certificates and their interests in the mortgage loans. The sponsors and their affiliates will effectively receive compensation, and may record a profit, in an amount based on, among other things, the amount of proceeds (net of transaction expenses) received from the sale of the offered certificates to investors relative to their investment in the mortgage loans. The benefits to the originators, the sponsors and their affiliates arising from the decision to securitize the mortgage loans may be greater than they would have been had other assets been selected.
Furthermore, the sponsors and/or their affiliates may benefit from a completed offering of the offered certificates because the offering would establish a market precedent and a valuation data point for securities similar to the offered certificates, thus enhancing the ability of the sponsors and their affiliates to conduct similar offerings in the future and permitting them to adjust the fair value of the mortgage loans or other similar assets or securities held on their balance sheet, including increasing the carrying value or avoiding decreasing the carrying value of some or all of such similar positions.
In some cases, the originators or their affiliates are the holders of the mezzanine loans, subordinate loans, unsecured loans and/or companion loan related to their mortgage loans. The originators and/or their respective affiliates may retain existing mezzanine loans, subordinate loans, unsecured loans and/or companion loan or originate future permitted mezzanine indebtedness, subordinate indebtedness or unsecured indebtedness with respect to the mortgage loans. These transactions may cause the originators and their affiliates or their clients or counterparties who purchase the mezzanine loans, subordinate loans, unsecured loans and/or companion loan, as applicable, to have economic interests and
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incentives that do not align with, and that may be directly contrary to, those of an investor in the offered certificates. In addition, these transactions or actions taken to maintain, adjust or unwind any positions in the future, may, individually or in the aggregate, have a material effect on the market for the offered certificates (if any), including adversely affecting the value of the offered certificates, particularly in illiquid markets. The originators, the sponsors and their affiliates will have no obligation to take, refrain from taking or cease taking any action with respect to such companion loan or any existing or future mezzanine loans, subordinate loans and/or unsecured loans, based on the potential effect on an investor in the offered certificates, and may receive substantial returns from these transactions. In addition, the originators, the sponsors or any of their respective affiliates may benefit from certain relationships, including financial dealings, with any borrower, any non-recourse carveout guarantor or any of their respective affiliates, aside from the origination of mortgage loans or contribution of mortgage loans into this securitization. Conflicts may also arise because the sponsors and their respective affiliates intend to continue to actively acquire, develop, operate, finance and dispose of real estate-related assets in the ordinary course of their businesses. During the course of their business activities, the sponsors and their respective affiliates may acquire, sell or lease properties, or finance loans secured by properties, which may include the properties securing the mortgage loans or properties that are in the same markets as the mortgaged properties. Such other properties, similar to other third-party owned real estate, may compete with the mortgaged properties for existing and potential tenants. The sponsors may also, from time to time, be among the tenants at the mortgaged properties, and they should be expected to make occupancy-related decisions based on their self-interest and not that of the issuing entity. We cannot assure you that the activities of these parties with respect to such other properties will not adversely impact the performance of the mortgaged properties.
In addition, certain of the mortgage loans included in the issuing entity may have been refinancings of debt previously held by a sponsor, an originator or one of their respective affiliates, or a sponsor, an originator or one of their respective affiliates may have or have had equity investments in the borrowers or mortgaged properties under certain of the mortgage loans included in the issuing entity. Each of the sponsors, the originators and their respective affiliates have made and/or may make loans to, or equity investments in, affiliates of the borrowers under the related mortgage loans. In the circumstances described above, the interests of the sponsors, the originators and their respective affiliates may differ from, and compete with, the interests of the issuing entity.
In addition, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, Bank of America, National Association and Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A., each an originator, are each expected to hold a portion of the RRI interest as described in “Credit Risk Retention”, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association is expected to be appointed as the initial risk retention consultation party by the holder of the majority of the RRI interest. The risk retention consultation party may, on a strictly non-binding basis, consult with the special servicer and recommend that the special servicer take actions that conflict with the interests of holders of certain classes of the certificates. However, the special servicer is not required to follow any such recommendations or take directions from the risk retention consultation party and is not permitted to take actions that are prohibited by law or that violate the servicing standard or the terms of the mortgage loan documents. The risk retention consultation party and the holder of the majority of the RRI interest by whom it is appointed may have interests that are in conflict with those of certain other certificateholders, in particular if the risk retention consultation party or such certificateholder holds companion loan securities, or has financial interests in or other financial dealings (as a lender or otherwise) with a borrower or an affiliate of a borrower under any of the mortgage loans. In order to minimize the effect of
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certain of these conflicts of interest, for so long as any borrower party is the risk retention consultation party or the holder of the majority of the RRI interest by whom the risk retention consultation party was appointed (any such loan referred to in this context as an “excluded loan” as to such party), then the risk retention consultation party will not have consultation rights solely with respect to any such excluded loan. See “Credit Risk Retention”.
In addition, for so long as any of Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, Bank of America, National Association or Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A. (in each case as holders of the RRI interest) is a borrower party with respect to any mortgage loan or whole loan, such party will be required to certify that it will forego access to any “excluded information” solely relating to such excluded loan and/or the related mortgaged properties pursuant to the terms of the pooling and servicing agreement. Notwithstanding such restriction, there can be no assurance that any of Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, Bank of America, National Association, Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A. (in each case as holders of the RRI interest) or the risk retention consultation party will not obtain sensitive information related to the strategy of any contemplated workout or liquidation related to any such mortgage loan or whole loan or otherwise seek to exert its influence over the special servicer in the event such mortgage loan or whole loan becomes subject to a workout or liquidation. See “Description of the Certificates—Reports to Certificateholders; Certain Available Information” in this prospectus.
Further, various originators, sponsors and their respective affiliates are acting in multiple capacities in or with respect to this transaction, which may include, without limitation, acting as one or more transaction parties or a subcontractor or vendor of such party, participating in or contracting for interim servicing and/or custodial services with certain transaction parties, and/or conducting due diligence on behalf of an investor with respect to the mortgage loans prior to their transfer to the issuing entity.
Each of these relationships may create a conflict of interest.
For a description of certain of the foregoing relationships and arrangements that exist among the parties to this securitization, see “Certain Affiliations, Relationships And Related Transactions Involving Transaction Parties” and “Transaction Parties”.
These roles and other potential relationships may give rise to conflicts of interest as described in “—Interests and Incentives of the Underwriter Entities May Not Be Aligned With Your Interests”, ”—Potential Conflicts of Interest in the Selection of the Underlying Mortgage Loans” and “—Other Potential Conflicts of Interest May Affect Your Investment” below. Each of the foregoing relationships and related interests should be considered carefully by you before you invest in any offered certificates.
Interests and Incentives of the Underwriter Entities May Not Be Aligned With Your Interests
The activities and interests of the underwriters and their respective affiliates (collectively, the “Underwriter Entities”) will not align with, and may in fact be directly contrary to, those of the certificateholders. The Underwriter Entities are each part of separate global investment banking, securities and investment management firms that provide a wide range of financial services to a substantial and diversified client base that includes corporations, financial institutions, governments and high-net-worth individuals. As such, they actively make markets in and trade financial instruments for their own account and for the accounts of customers. These financial instruments include debt and equity securities, currencies, commodities, bank loans, indices, baskets and other products.
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The Underwriter Entities’ activities include, among other things, executing large block trades and taking long and short positions directly and indirectly, through derivative instruments or otherwise. The securities and instruments in which the Underwriter Entities take positions, or expect to take positions, include loans similar to the mortgage loans, securities and instruments similar to the offered certificates and other securities and instruments. Market making is an activity where the Underwriter Entities buy and sell on behalf of customers, or for their own account, to satisfy the expected demand of customers. By its nature, market making involves facilitating transactions among market participants that have differing views of securities and instruments. Any short positions taken by the Underwriter Entities and/or their clients through marketing or otherwise will increase in value if the related securities or other instruments decrease in value, while positions taken by the Underwriter Entities and/or their clients in credit derivative or other derivative transactions with other parties, pursuant to which the Underwriter Entities and/or their clients sell or buy credit protection with respect to one or more classes of the offered certificates, may increase in value if the offered certificates default, are expected to default, or decrease in value.
The Underwriter Entities and their clients acting through them may execute such transactions, modify or terminate such derivative positions and otherwise act with respect to such transactions, and may exercise or enforce, or refrain from exercising or enforcing, any or all of their rights and powers in connection therewith, without regard to whether any such action might have an adverse effect on the offered certificates or the certificateholders. Additionally, none of the Underwriter Entities will have any obligation to disclose any of these securities or derivatives transactions to you in your capacity as a certificateholder. As a result, you should expect that the Underwriter Entities will take positions that are inconsistent with, or adverse to, the investment objectives of investors in the offered certificates.
As a result of the Underwriter Entities’ various financial market activities, including acting as a research provider, investment advisor, market maker or principal investor, you should expect that personnel in various businesses throughout the Underwriter Entities will have and express research or investment views and make recommendations that are inconsistent with, or adverse to, the objectives of investors in the offered certificates.
If an Underwriter Entity becomes a holder of any of the certificates, through market-making activity or otherwise, any actions that it takes in its capacity as a certificateholder, including voting, providing consents or otherwise will not necessarily be aligned with the interests of other holders of the same class or other classes of the certificates. Similarly, each expected holder of the RRI interest and the party expected to be designated to consult with the special servicer on their behalf as the risk retention consultation party is affiliated with an Underwriter Entity. There can be no assurance that any actions that such party takes in either such capacity will necessarily be aligned with the interests of the holders of other classes of certificates. To the extent an Underwriter Entity makes a market in the certificates (which it is under no obligation to do), it would expect to receive income from the spreads between its bid and offer prices for the certificates. The price at which an Underwriter Entity may be willing to purchase certificates, if it makes a market, will depend on market conditions and other relevant factors and may be significantly lower than the issue price for the certificates and significantly lower than the price at which it may be willing to sell certificates.
In addition, none of the Underwriter Entities will have any obligation to monitor the performance of the certificates or the actions of the parties to the pooling and servicing agreement and will have no authority to advise any party to the pooling and servicing agreement or to direct their actions.
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Furthermore, each Underwriter Entity expects that a completed offering will enhance its ability to assist clients and counterparties in the transaction or in related transactions (including assisting clients in additional purchases and sales of the certificates and hedging transactions). The Underwriter Entities expect to derive fees and other revenues from these transactions. In addition, participating in a successful offering and providing related services to clients may enhance the Underwriter Entities’ relationships with various parties, facilitate additional business development, and enable them to obtain additional business and generate additional revenue.
One of the Underwriter Entities, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, together with its affiliates, is playing several roles in this transaction. Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, is an affiliate of the depositor and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, a sponsor, an originator, a mortgage loan seller, the holder of one or more of The Shops at Crystals companion loans, the Pinnacle II companion loans, the One Penn Center companion loan, the master servicer, the certificate administrator, the certificate registrar, the custodian and the initial risk retention consultation party under this securitization. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, one of the underwriters, is an affiliate of Bank of America, National Association, a sponsor, a mortgage loan seller and an originator and the holder of one or more of The Shops at Crystals companion loans, the One Stamford Forum companion loan and the Simon Premium Outlets companion loans. Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, one of the underwriters, is an affiliate of Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC, a sponsor and a mortgage loan seller, and Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A., an originator and the holder of certain of the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ companion loans.
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association is the interim custodian of the loan files for all of the mortgage loans that Bank of America, National Association (except with respect to The Shops at Crystals mortgage loan) and Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC will transfer to the depositor.
Pursuant to an interim servicing agreement between Wells Fargo Bank, National Association and Bank of America, National Association, each a sponsor, an originator and a mortgage loan seller, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association acts as primary servicer with respect to certain mortgage loans owned by Bank of America, National Association from time to time, including, prior to their inclusion in the trust fund, some or all of the mortgage loans that Bank of America, National Association will transfer to the depositor.
Pursuant to certain interim servicing agreements between Wells Fargo Bank, National Association and Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC, a sponsor and a mortgage loan seller, or Wells Fargo Bank, National Association and certain affiliates of Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association acts as primary servicer with respect to certain mortgage loans owned by Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC and such affiliates from time to time, including, prior to their inclusion in the trust fund, some or all of the mortgage loans that Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC will transfer to the depositor.
See “Transaction Parties—The Sponsors and Mortgage Loan Sellers”. Each of the foregoing relationships should be considered carefully by you before you invest in any certificates.
Potential Conflicts of Interest of the Master Servicer and the Special Servicer
The pooling and servicing agreement provides that the mortgage loans serviced thereunder are required to be administered in accordance with the servicing standard without regard to ownership of any certificate by the master servicer, the special servicer or
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any of their respective affiliates. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing Standard”. The trust and servicing agreement governing the servicing of a non-serviced whole loan provides that such non-serviced whole loan is required to be administered in accordance with a servicing standard that is substantially similar in all material respect but not necessary identical to the servicing standard set forth in the pooling and servicing agreement. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan”.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the master servicer, each sub-servicer and the special servicer or any of their respective affiliates and, as it relates to servicing and administration of a non-serviced mortgage loan, each master servicer, sub-servicer, special servicer or any of their respective affiliates under the trust and servicing agreement governing the servicing of a non-serviced whole loan, may have interests when dealing with the mortgage loans that are in conflict with those of holders of the certificates, especially if such master servicer, sub-servicer, special servicer or affiliate holds certificates or companion loan securities, or has financial interests in or financial dealings with a borrower or a borrower sponsor.
Furthermore, nothing in the pooling and servicing agreement or otherwise will prohibit the master servicer or special servicer or an affiliate thereof from soliciting the refinancing of any of the mortgage loans. In the event that the master servicer or special servicer or an affiliate thereof refinances any of the mortgage loans included in the mortgage pool, an earlier than expected payoff of any such mortgage loan could occur, which would result in a prepayment, which such prepayment could have an adverse effect on the yield of the certificates. See “—Other Risks Relating to the Certificates—Your Yield May Be Affected by Defaults, Prepayments and Other Factors” in this prospectus.
In order to minimize the effect of certain of these conflicts of interest as they relate to the special servicer, for so long as the special servicer is a borrower party with respect to an excluded special servicer loan, the special servicer will be required to resign as special servicer with respect to that mortgage loan and, prior to the occurrence of a control termination event under the pooling and servicing agreement, the directing certificateholder will be required to select a separate special servicer that is not a borrower party (referred to herein as an “excluded special servicer”) with respect to any excluded special servicer loan, unless such excluded special servicer loan is also an excluded loan (as to the directing certificateholder or the holder of the majority of the controlling class). After the occurrence and during the continuance of a control termination event or at any time the applicable excluded special servicer loan is also an excluded loan (as to the directing certificateholder or the holder of the majority of the controlling class), the resigning special servicer will be required to select the related excluded special servicer. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Replacement of the Special Servicer Without Cause”. Any excluded special servicer will be required to perform all of the obligations of the special servicer with respect to such excluded special servicer loan and will be entitled to all special servicing compensation with respect to such excluded special servicer loan earned during such time as the related mortgage loan is an excluded special servicer loan. While the special servicer will have the same access to information related to the excluded special servicer loan as it does with respect to the other mortgage loans, the special servicer will covenant in the pooling and servicing agreement that it will not directly or indirectly provide any information related to any excluded special servicer loan to the related borrower party, any of the special servicer’s employees or personnel or any of its affiliates involved in the management of any investment in the related borrower party or the related mortgaged property or, to its actual knowledge, any non-affiliate that holds a direct or indirect ownership interest in the related borrower party, and will maintain sufficient internal controls and appropriate policies
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and procedures in place in order to comply with those obligations. Notwithstanding those restrictions, there can be no assurance that the related borrower party will not obtain sensitive information related to the strategy of any contemplated workout or liquidation related to an excluded special servicer loan.
Each of these relationships may create a conflict of interest. For instance, if the special servicer or its affiliate holds a subordinate class of certificates, the special servicer might seek to reduce the potential for losses allocable to those certificates from the mortgage loans by deferring acceleration in hope of maximizing future proceeds. However, that action could result in less proceeds to the issuing entity than would be realized if earlier action had been taken. In addition, no servicer is required to act in a manner more favorable to the offered certificates or any particular class of certificates than to the WFCM 2016-BNK1 non-offered certificates, any serviced companion loan holder or the holder of any serviced companion loan securities.
The master servicer and the special servicer service and are expected to continue to service, in the ordinary course of their respective businesses, existing and new mortgage loans for third parties, including portfolios of mortgage loans similar to the mortgage loans. The real properties securing these other mortgage loans may be in the same markets as, and compete with, certain of the mortgaged properties securing the mortgage loans. Consequently, personnel of the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, may perform services, on behalf of the issuing entity, with respect to the mortgage loans at the same time as they are performing services, on behalf of other persons, with respect to other mortgage loans secured by properties that compete with the mortgaged properties securing the mortgage loans. In addition, the mortgage loan sellers will determine who will service mortgage loans that the mortgage loan sellers originate in the future, and that determination may be influenced by the mortgage loan seller’s opinion of servicing decisions made by the master servicer or the special servicer under the pooling and servicing agreement including, among other things, the manner in which the master servicer or special servicer enforces breaches of representations and warranties against the related mortgage loan seller. This may pose inherent conflicts for the master servicer or special servicer.
The special servicer may enter into one or more arrangements with the directing certificateholder, a controlling class certificateholder, a serviced companion loan holder or other certificateholders (or an affiliate or a third party representative of one or more of the preceding parties) to provide for a discount and/or revenue sharing with respect to certain of the special servicer compensation in consideration of, among other things, the special servicer’s appointment (or continuance) as special servicer under the pooling and servicing agreement and/or the related intercreditor agreement and limitations on the right of such person to replace the special servicer. See “—Other Potential Conflicts of Interest May Affect Your Investment” below.
It is expected that RREF III Debt AIV, LP or another affiliate of the special servicer will be the initial directing certificateholder. Rialto Capital Advisors, LLC, the expected special servicer for this transaction, is an affiliate of (a) the entity or entities that are anticipated to purchase the Class F, Class G and Class V certificates and that may purchase the Class X-E, Class X-F, Class X-G and Class E certificates and (b) RREF III Debt AIV, LP or its affiliate, which is expected to be appointed as the initial directing certificateholder with respect to each mortgage loan (other than any non-serviced mortgage loan or any excluded special servicer loan). Rialto Capital Advisors, LLC is expected to act as the special servicer and it or an affiliate assisted RREF III Debt AIV, LP and/or one or more of its affiliates with its due diligence of the mortgage loans prior to the closing date.
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Similarly, it is expected that Wells Fargo Bank, National Association will be a holder of a portion of the RRI interest and will be the initial risk retention consultation party. Wells Fargo Bank, National Association is also the master servicer and the certificate administrator for this transaction and is an affiliate of Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Securities, Inc., the depositor, and of Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, one of the underwriters. In addition, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association is the trustee and certificate administrator under the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL trust and servicing agreement, which governs the servicing and administration of The Shops at Crystals whole loan.
Although the master servicer and special servicer will be required to service and administer the mortgage loan pool in accordance with the servicing standard and, accordingly, without regard to their rights to receive compensation under the pooling and servicing agreement and without regard to any potential obligation to repurchase or substitute a mortgage loan if the master servicer or special servicer is a mortgage loan seller, the possibility of receiving additional servicing compensation in the nature of assumption and modification fees, the continuation of receiving fees to service or specially service a mortgage loan, or the desire to avoid a repurchase demand resulting from a breach of a representation and warranty or material document default may under certain circumstances provide the master servicer or the special servicer, as the case may be, with an economic disincentive to comply with this standard.
Each of the foregoing relationships should be considered carefully by you before you invest in any certificates.
Potential Conflicts of Interest of the Operating Advisor
Park Bridge Lender Services LLC has been appointed as the initial operating advisor with respect to all of the mortgage loans other than any non-serviced mortgage loan. See “Transaction Parties—The Operating Advisor and Asset Representations Reviewer”. In the normal course of conducting its business, the initial operating advisor and its affiliates may have rendered services to, performed surveillance of, and negotiated with, numerous parties engaged in activities related to structured finance and commercial mortgage securitization. These parties may have included institutional investors, the depositor, the sponsors, the mortgage loan sellers, the originators, the certificate administrator, the trustee, the master servicer, the special servicer, the directing certificateholder, the risk retention consultation party, collateral property owners or affiliates of any of those parties. Each of these relationships, to the extent they exist, may continue in the future and may involve a conflict of interest with respect to the initial operating advisor’s duties as operating advisor. We cannot assure you that the existence of these relationships and other relationships in the future will not impact the manner in which the initial operating advisor performs its duties under the pooling and servicing agreement.
The operating advisor or its affiliates may acquire or have interests in or duties (including contract underwriting services, advisory services and/or servicing or special servicing obligations) with respect to existing and new commercial and multifamily mortgage loans for itself, its affiliates or third parties, including portfolios of mortgage loans similar to the mortgage loans included in the issuing entity. These other mortgage loans and the related mortgaged properties may be in the same markets as, or have owners, obligors or property managers in common with, one or more of the mortgage loans in the issuing entity and the related mortgaged properties. As a result of the investments and activities described above, the interests of the operating advisor and its affiliates and their clients may differ from, and conflict with, the interests of the issuing entity. Consequently, personnel of any successor operating advisor may perform services, on behalf of the issuing entity, with respect to the mortgage loans at the same time as they are performing
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services, on behalf of other persons, with respect to other mortgage loans secured by properties that compete with the mortgaged properties securing the mortgage loans. Although the operating advisor is required to consider the servicing standard in connection with its activities under the pooling and servicing agreement, the operating advisor will not itself be bound by the servicing standard.
In addition, the operating advisor and its affiliates may have interests that are in conflict with those of certificateholders if the operating advisor or any of its affiliates has financial interests in or financial dealings with a borrower, a parent of a borrower or any of their affiliates. Each of these relationships may also create a conflict of interest.
Potential Conflicts of Interest of the Asset Representations Reviewer
Park Bridge Lender Services LLC has been appointed as the initial asset representations reviewer with respect to all of the mortgage loans. See “Transaction Parties—The Operating Advisor and the Asset Representations Reviewer”. In the normal course of conducting its business, the initial asset representations reviewer and its affiliates have rendered services to, performed surveillance of, and negotiated with, numerous parties engaged in activities related to structured finance and commercial mortgage securitization. These parties may have included institutional investors, the depositor, the sponsors, the mortgage loan sellers, the originators, the certificate administrator, the trustee, the master servicer, the special servicer, the directing certificateholder, the risk retention consultation party, mortgaged property owners or affiliates of any of those parties. Each of these relationships, to the extent they exist, may continue in the future and may involve a conflict of interest with respect to the initial asset representations reviewer’s duties as asset representations reviewer. We cannot assure you that the existence of these relationships and other relationships in the future will not impact the manner in which the initial asset representations reviewer performs its duties under the pooling and servicing agreement.
The asset representations reviewer or its affiliates may acquire or have interests in or duties (including contract underwriting services, advisory services and/or servicing or special servicing obligations) with respect to existing and new commercial and multifamily mortgage loans for itself, its affiliates or third parties, including portfolios of mortgage loans similar to the mortgage loans included in the issuing entity. These other mortgage loans and the related mortgaged properties may be in the same markets as, or have owners, obligors or property managers in common with, one or more of the mortgage loans in the issuing entity and the related mortgaged properties. As a result of the investments and activities described above, the interests of the asset representations reviewer and its affiliates and their clients may differ from, and conflict with, the interests of the issuing entity. Consequently, personnel of any successor asset representations reviewer may perform services, on behalf of the issuing entity, with respect to the mortgage loans at the same time as they are performing services, on behalf of other persons, with respect to other mortgage loans secured by properties that compete with the mortgaged properties securing the mortgage loans.
In addition, the asset representations reviewer and its affiliates may acquire or have interests that are in conflict with those of certificateholders if the asset representations reviewer or any of its affiliates has financial interests in or financial dealings with a borrower, a parent of a borrower or any of their affiliates. Each of these relationships may also create a conflict of interest.
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Potential Conflicts of Interest of the Directing Certificateholder and the Companion Holders
It is expected that RREF III Debt AIV, LP (or another affiliate of Rialto Capital Advisors, LLC) will be appointed as the initial directing certificateholder. The special servicer may, at the direction of the directing certificateholder (for so long as a control termination event does not exist and is not continuing and, at all times, other than with respect to certain excluded loans), take actions with respect to the specially serviced loans under the pooling and servicing agreement that could adversely affect the holders of some or all of the classes of certificates. The directing certificateholder will be controlled by the controlling class certificateholders.
The controlling class certificateholders and the holder of any companion loan or securities backed by such companion loan may have interests in conflict with those of the other certificateholders. As a result, it is possible (i) that the directing certificateholder on behalf of the controlling class certificateholders (for so long as a control termination event does not exist and, at all times, other than with respect to any applicable excluded loans or non-serviced whole loans) or (ii) the directing certificateholder (or equivalent entity) under the trust and servicing agreement governing the servicing of a non-serviced whole loan, may direct the special servicer or the special servicer under such trust and servicing agreement relating to the other securitization transaction, as the case may be, to take actions that conflict with the interests of holders of certain classes of the certificates. Set forth below is the identity of the initial directing certificateholder (or equivalent entity) for each non-serviced whole loan, the securitization trust or other entity holding the controlling note in such non-serviced whole loan and the trust and servicing agreement under which it is being serviced.
Whole Loan | Trust and Servicing Agreement | Controlling Noteholder | Initial Directing Certificateholder | |||
The Shops at Crystals | Shops at Crystals 2016-CSTL | Shops at Crystals 2016-CSTL | Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America(1) |
(1) | For further information regarding the “directing certificateholder” under The Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL trust and servicing agreement in respect of The Shops at Crystals whole loan, see “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans—The Non-Serviced Whole Loan—The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan—Consultation and Control.” |
The controlling noteholder or directing certificateholder indicated in the chart above has certain consent and/or consultation rights with respect to the related non-serviced whole loan under the trust and servicing agreement governing the servicing of that non-serviced whole loan. Such controlling noteholder or directing certificateholder does not have any duties to the holders of any class of certificates and may have similar conflicts of interest with the holders of other certificates backed by the companion loans. As a result, it is possible that a non-serviced companion loan holder (solely with respect to the related non-serviced whole loan) may advise a non-serviced special servicer to take actions that conflict with the interests of holders of certain classes of the certificates. However, such non-serviced special servicer is not permitted to take actions that are prohibited by law or that violate its servicing standard or the terms of the related mortgage loan documents. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan”. In addition, except as limited by certain conditions described under “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans”, a non-serviced special servicer may be replaced by the related directing certificateholder or controlling noteholder with or without cause at any time, for so long as a control termination event (or its equivalent) does not exist. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement —Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan” below and “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans—The Non-Serviced Whole Loan”.
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The special servicer, upon strictly non-binding consultation with a serviced companion loan holder or its representative, may take actions with respect to the related serviced whole loan that could adversely affect the holders of some or all of the classes of certificates, to the extent described under “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans”. In connection with the pari passu whole loans serviced under the pooling and servicing agreement for this securitization, a serviced companion loan holder does not have any duties to the holders of any class of certificates, and it may have interests in conflict with those of the certificateholders. As a result, it is possible that a serviced companion loan holder (solely with respect to the related serviced whole loan) may, on a strictly non-binding basis, consult with the special servicer and recommend that the special servicer take actions that conflict with the interests of holders of certain classes of the certificates. However, the special servicer is not required to follow such recommendations and is not permitted to take actions that are prohibited by law or that violate the servicing standard or the terms of the mortgage loan documents and is otherwise under no obligation to take direction from a serviced companion loan holder. In addition, except as limited by certain conditions described under “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Termination of the Master Servicer or Special Servicer for Cause—Servicer Termination Events”, the special servicer may be replaced by the directing certificateholder at any time for cause or without cause (for so long as a control termination event does not exist and other than in respect of any applicable excluded loans). See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—The Directing Certificateholder” and “—Termination of the Master Servicer or Special Servicer for Cause—Servicer Termination Events”.
Similarly, the applicable controlling noteholder or directing certificateholder related to the securitization trust indicated in the chart above has certain consent and/or consultation rights with respect to the non-serviced mortgage loan under the trust and servicing agreement governing the servicing of that non-serviced whole loan. Such controlling noteholder or directing certificateholder does not have any duties to the holders of any class of certificates and may have similar conflicts of interest with the holders of other certificates backed by the companion loans. As a result, it is possible that a non-serviced companion loan holder (solely with respect to the related non-serviced whole loan) may advise a non-serviced special servicer to take actions that conflict with the interests of holders of certain classes of the certificates. However, such non-serviced special servicer is not permitted to take actions that are prohibited by law or that violate the servicing standard or the terms of the related mortgage loan documents. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan”. In addition, except as limited by certain conditions described under “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans”, a non-serviced special servicer may be replaced by the related directing certificateholder or controlling noteholder for cause at any time and without cause for so long as a control termination event (or its equivalent) does not exist (and other than in respect of any excluded loan). See “—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loans” below and “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans—The Non-Serviced Whole Loan”.
The directing certificateholder and its affiliates (and the directing certificateholder (or equivalent entity) under the trust and servicing agreement governing the servicing of a non-serviced whole loan and their respective affiliates) may have interests that are in conflict with those of certain certificateholders, especially if the applicable directing certificateholder or any of its affiliates holds certificates or companion loan securities, or has financial interests in or other financial dealings (as lender or otherwise) with a borrower or an affiliate of a borrower. In order to minimize the effect of certain of these conflicts of interest, for so long as any borrower party is the directing certificateholder or the holder of the majority of the controlling class (any such loan referred to herein as an “excluded loan” with respect to the directing certificateholder), the directing certificateholder will not have
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consent or consultation rights solely with respect to such excluded loan (however, the directing certificateholder will be provided certain notices and certain information relating to any such excluded loan as described in the pooling and servicing agreement). In addition, for so long as any borrower party is the directing certificateholder or a controlling class certificateholder, as applicable, the directing certificateholder or such controlling class certificateholder, as applicable, will not be given access to any “excluded information” solely relating to any such mortgage loan and/or the related mortgaged properties pursuant to the terms of the pooling and servicing agreement. Notwithstanding those restrictions, there can be no assurance that the directing certificateholder or any controlling class certificateholder will not obtain sensitive information related to the strategy of any contemplated workout or liquidation related to any such mortgage loan or otherwise seek to exert its influence over the special servicer in the event any such mortgage loan becomes subject to a workout or liquidation. See “Description of the Certificates—Reports to Certificateholders; Certain Available Information” in this prospectus. Each of these relationships may create a conflict of interest.
Rialto Capital Advisors, LLC, the special servicer, is also an affiliate of the entity that (a) is anticipated to purchase the Class F, G and V certificates on the closing date, (b) may purchase the Class X-E, X-F, X-G and E certificates and certain other certificates on the closing date and (c) is expected to be appointed as the initial directing certificateholder.
Potential Conflicts of Interest in the Selection of the Underlying Mortgage Loans
The anticipated initial investor in the Class F and Class G certificates, which is referred to in this prospectus as the “b-piece buyer” (see “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—The Directing Certificateholder—General”), was given the opportunity by the sponsors to perform due diligence on the mortgage loans originally identified by the sponsors for inclusion in the issuing entity, and to request the removal, re-sizing or change in the expected repayment dates or other features of some or all of the mortgage loans. The mortgage pool as originally proposed by the sponsors was adjusted based on certain of these requests. In addition, the b-piece buyer received or may have received price adjustments or cost mitigation arrangements in connection with accepting certain mortgage loans in the mortgage pool.
We cannot assure you that you or another investor would have made the same requests to modify the original pool as the b-piece buyer or that the final pool as influenced by the b-piece buyer’s feedback will not adversely affect the performance of your certificates and benefit the performance of the b-piece buyer’s certificates. Because of the differing subordination levels, the b-piece buyer has interests that may, in some circumstances, differ from those of purchasers of other classes of certificates, and may desire a portfolio composition that benefits the b-piece buyer but that does not benefit other investors. In addition, the b-piece buyer may enter into hedging or other transactions or otherwise have business objectives that also could cause its interests with respect to the mortgage pool to diverge from those of other purchasers of the certificates. The b-piece buyer performed due diligence solely for its own benefit and has no liability to any person or entity for conducting its due diligence. The b-piece buyer is not required to take into account the interests of any other investor in the certificates in exercising remedies or voting or other rights in its capacity as owner of its certificates or in making requests or recommendations to the sponsors as to the selection of the mortgage loans and the establishment of other transaction terms. Investors are not entitled to rely on in any way the b-piece buyer’s acceptance of a mortgage loan. The b-piece buyer’s acceptance of a mortgage loan does
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not constitute, and may not be construed as, an endorsement of such mortgage loan, the underwriting for such mortgage loan or the originator of such mortgage loan.
The b-piece buyer will have no liability to any certificateholder for any actions taken by it as described in the preceding two paragraphs and the pooling and servicing agreement will provide that each certificateholder, by its acceptance of a certificate, waives any claims against such buyers in respect of such actions.
The b-piece buyer, or an affiliate, will constitute the initial directing certificateholder. The directing certificateholder will have certain rights to direct and consult with the master servicer and the special servicer. In addition, the directing certificateholder will generally have certain consultation rights with regard to the non-serviced mortgage loan under the trust and servicing agreement governing the servicing of such non-serviced whole loan and the related intercreditor agreement. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—The Directing Certificateholder” and “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans—The Non-Serviced Whole Loan—The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan—Consultation and Control”.
It is expected that RREF III Debt AIV, LP or another affiliate of the special servicer will be the initial directing certificateholder. Rialto Capital Advisors, LLC, the expected special servicer for this transaction, is an affiliate of (a) the entity or entities that are anticipated to purchase the Class F, Class G and Class V certificates and that may purchase the Class X-E, Class X-F, Class X-G and Class E certificates and (b) RREF III Debt AIV, LP or its affiliate, which is expected to be appointed as the initial directing certificateholder with respect to each mortgage loan (other than any non-serviced mortgage loan or any excluded special servicer loan). Rialto Capital Advisors, LLC is expected to act as the special servicer and it or an affiliate assisted RREF III Debt AIV, LP and/or one or more of its affiliates with its due diligence of the mortgage loans prior to the closing date.
Because the incentives and actions of the b-piece buyer may, in some circumstances, differ from or be adverse to those of purchasers of the offered certificates, you are advised and encouraged to make your own investment decision based on a careful review of the information set forth in this prospectus and your own view of the mortgage pool.
Conflicts of Interest May Occur as a Result of the Rights of the Applicable Directing Certificateholder To Terminate the Special Servicer of the Applicable Whole Loan
With respect to any whole loan, the directing certificateholder exercising control rights over that whole loan will be entitled, under certain circumstances, to remove the special servicer under the applicable pooling and servicing agreement or trust and servicing agreement governing the servicing of such whole loan and, in such circumstances, appoint a successor special servicer for such whole loan (or have certain consent rights with respect to such removal or replacement). The party with this appointment power may have special relationships or interests that conflict with those of the holders of one or more classes of certificates. In addition, that party does not have any duties to the holders of any class of certificates, may act solely in its own interests, and will have no liability to any certificateholders for having done so. No certificateholder may take any action against the directing certificateholder under the pooling and servicing agreement for this securitization or under the trust and servicing agreement governing the servicing of a non-serviced whole loan, or against any other parties for having acted solely in their respective interests. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans” for a description of these rights to terminate the special servicer.
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Other Potential Conflicts of Interest May Affect Your Investment
The managers of the mortgaged properties and the borrowers may experience conflicts in the management and/or ownership of the mortgaged properties because:
· | a substantial number of the mortgaged properties are managed by property managers affiliated with the respective borrowers; |
· | these property managers also may manage and/or franchise additional properties, including properties that may compete with the mortgaged properties; and |
· | affiliates of the managers and/or the borrowers, or the managers and/or the borrowers themselves, also may own other properties, including competing properties. |
None of the borrowers, property managers or any of their affiliates or any employees of the foregoing has any duty to favor the leasing of space in the mortgaged properties over the leasing of space in other properties, one or more of which may be adjacent to or near the mortgaged properties.
Each of the foregoing relationships should be considered carefully by you before you invest in any certificates.
Other Risks Relating to the Certificates
The Certificates Are Limited Obligations
The certificates, when issued, will only represent ownership interests in the issuing entity. The certificates will not represent an interest in or obligation of, and will not be guaranteed by, the sponsors, the depositor, or any other person. The primary assets of the issuing entity will be the mortgage loans, and distributions on any class of certificates will depend solely on the amount and timing of payments and other collections in respect of the mortgage loans, and the subsequent allocation of such amounts between the RRI interest, on one hand, and the non-retained certificates, on the other hand, as described in “Credit Risk Retention—RRI Interest”. We cannot assure you that the cash flow from the mortgaged properties and the proceeds of any sale or refinancing of the mortgaged properties will be sufficient to pay the principal of, and interest on, the mortgage loans or to distribute in full the amounts of interest and principal to which the certificateholders will be entitled. See “Description of the Certificates—General”.
The Certificates May Have Limited Liquidity and the Market Value of the Certificates May Decline
Your certificates will not be listed on any national securities exchange or traded on any automated quotation systems of any registered securities association, and there is currently no secondary market for your certificates. The underwriters have no obligation to make a market in the offered certificates. We cannot assure you that an active secondary market for the certificates will develop. Additionally, one or more investors may purchase substantial portions of one or more classes of certificates. Accordingly, you may not have an active or liquid secondary market for your certificates.
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The market value of the certificates will also be influenced by the supply of and demand for CMBS generally. A number of factors will affect investors’ demand for CMBS, including:
· | the availability of alternative investments that offer higher yields or are perceived as being a better credit risk than CMBS, or as having a less volatile market value or being more liquid than CMBS; |
· | legal and other restrictions that prohibit a particular entity from investing in CMBS or limit the amount or types of CMBS that it may acquire or require it to maintain increased capital or reserves as a result of its investment in CMBS; |
· | increased regulatory compliance burdens imposed on CMBS or securitizations generally, or on classes of securitizers, that may make securitization a less attractive financing option for commercial mortgage loans; and |
· | investors’ perceptions of commercial real estate lending or CMBS, which may be adversely affected by, among other things, a decline in real estate values or an increase in defaults and foreclosures on commercial mortgage loans. |
We cannot assure you that your certificates will not decline in value.
Legal and Regulatory Provisions Affecting Investors Could Adversely Affect the Liquidity of the Offered Certificates
We make no representation as to the proper characterization of the offered certificates for legal investment, financial institution regulatory, financial reporting or other purposes, as to the ability of particular investors to purchase the offered certificates under applicable legal investment or other restrictions or as to the consequences of an investment in the offered certificates for such purposes or under such restrictions. Changes in federal banking and securities laws and other laws and regulations may have an adverse effect on issuers, investors or other participants in the asset-backed securities markets including the CMBS market. While the general effects of such changes are uncertain, regulatory or legislative provisions applicable to certain investors may have the effect of limiting or restricting their ability to hold or acquire CMBS, which in turn may adversely affect the ability of investors in the offered certificates who are not subject to those provisions to resell their certificates in the secondary market. For example:
· | Recent changes in federal banking and securities laws, including those resulting from the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) enacted in the United States, may have an adverse effect issuers, investors, and other participants in the asset-backed securities markets. In particular, new capital regulations were issued by the U.S. banking regulators in July 2013; these regulations implement the increased capital requirements established under the Basel Accord and are being phased in over time. These new capital regulations eliminate reliance on credit ratings and otherwise alter, and in most cases increase, the capital requirements imposed on depository institutions and their holding companies, including with respect to ownership of asset-backed securities such as CMBS. Further changes in capital requirements have been announced by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and it is uncertain when such changes will be implemented in the United States. When fully implemented in the United States, these changes may have an adverse effect with respect to investments in asset-backed securities, including CMBS. As a result of these regulations, investments in CMBS such as the certificates by financial institutions subject to bank capital regulations may result in greater capital charges |
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to these financial institutions and these new regulations may otherwise adversely affect the treatment of CMBS for their regulatory capital purposes. |
· | Regulations were adopted on December 10, 2013 to implement Section 619 of the Dodd-Frank Act (such statutory provision together with such implementing regulations, the “Volcker Rule”). The Volcker Rule generally prohibits “banking entities” (which is broadly defined to include U.S. banks and bank holding companies and many non-U.S. banking entities, together with their respective subsidiaries and other affiliates) from (i) engaging in proprietary trading, (ii) acquiring or retaining an ownership interest in or sponsoring a “covered fund” and (iii) entering into certain relationships with such funds. The Volcker Rule became effective on July 21, 2012, and final regulations implementing the Volcker Rule were adopted on December 10, 2013. Banking entities are required to be in conformance with the Volcker Rule by July 21, 2015 (with two one-year extensions granted with respect to those banking entity ownership interests or sponsorships in place prior to December 31, 2013, thereby extending the required conformance date for such preexisting arrangements until July 21, 2017). During any applicable conformance period, banking entities must make good faith efforts to conform their activities and investments to the Volcker Rule. Under the Volcker Rule, unless otherwise jointly determined otherwise by specified federal regulators, a “covered fund” does not include an issuer that may rely on an exclusion or exemption from the definition of “investment company” under the Investment Company Act other than the exclusions contained in Section 3(c)(1) and Section 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act. The issuing entity will be relying on an exclusion or exemption under the Investment Company Act contained in Section 3(c)(5) of the Investment Company Act or Rule 3a-7 under the Investment Company Act, although there may be additional exclusions or exemptions available to the issuing entity. The issuing entity is being structured so as not to constitute a “covered fund” for purposes of the Volcker Rule. The general effects of the Volcker Rule remain uncertain. Any prospective investor in the certificates, including a U.S. or foreign bank or a subsidiary or other affiliate thereof, should consult its own legal advisors regarding such matters and other effects of the Volcker Rule. |
· | The Financial Accounting Standards Board has adopted changes to the accounting standards for structured products. These changes, or any future changes, may affect the accounting for entities such as the issuing entity, could under certain circumstances require an investor or its owner generally to consolidate the assets of the issuing entity in its financial statements and record third parties’ investments in the issuing entity as liabilities of that investor or owner or could otherwise adversely affect the manner in which the investor or its owner must report an investment in CMBS for financial reporting purposes. |
· | For purposes of the Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act of 1984, as amended, no class of offered certificates will constitute “mortgage related securities”. |
· | The promulgation of additional laws and regulations, including the final regulations to implement the credit risk retention requirements under Section 15G of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as added by Section 941 of the Dodd-Frank Act, compliance with which is required with respect to CMBS issued on or after December 24, 2016, may cause commercial real estate lenders to tighten their lending standards and reduce the availability of leverage and/or refinancings for |
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commercial real estate. This, in turn, may adversely affect a borrower’s ability to refinance a mortgage loan or sell the related mortgaged property on such mortgage loan’s maturity date. |
Further changes in federal banking and securities laws and other laws and regulations may have an adverse effect on issuers, investors, or other participants in the asset-backed securities markets (including the CMBS market) and may have adverse effect on the liquidity, market value and regulatory characteristics of the certificates.
Accordingly, all investors whose investment activities are subject to legal investment laws and regulations, regulatory capital requirements, or review by regulatory authorities should consult with their own legal, accounting and other advisors in determining whether, and to what extent, the offered certificates will constitute legal investments for them or are subject to investment or other restrictions, unfavorable accounting treatment, capital charges or reserve requirements. See “Legal Investment”.
EU Risk Retention and Due Diligence Requirements
Investors should be aware of the risk retention and due diligence requirements in Europe (the “EU Risk Retention and Due Diligence Requirements”) which currently apply, or are expected to apply in the future, in respect of various types of EU regulated investors including credit institutions, authorized alternative investment fund managers, investment firms, insurance and reinsurance undertakings, management companies and funds regulated pursuant to the Undertakings for Collective Investments in Transferable Securities (UCITS) Directive and institutions for occupational retirement provision. Among other things, such requirements restrict an investor who is subject to the EU Risk Retention and Due Diligence Requirements from investing in securitizations unless: (i) the originator, sponsor or original lender in respect of the relevant securitization has explicitly disclosed that it will retain, on an on-going basis, a net economic interest of not less than five percent in respect of certain specified credit risk tranches or securitized exposures; and (ii) such investor is able to demonstrate that they have undertaken certain due diligence in respect of various matters including but not limited to its note position, the underlying assets and (in the case of certain types of investors) the relevant sponsor or originator.
Each investor subject to the EU Risk Retention and Due Diligence Requirements should consult with its own legal, accounting, regulatory and other advisors and/or its regulator to determine whether, and to what extent, the information set out in this prospectus and in any investor report provided in relation to the transaction is sufficient for the purpose of satisfying the EU Risk Retention and Due Diligence Requirements. Investors are required to independently assess and determine the sufficiency of such information.
None of the originators, the issuing entity, the depositor, the trustee, the certificate administrator, the underwriters, their respective affiliates or any other person makes any representation, warranty or guarantee that any such information is sufficient for such purposes or any other purpose or that the structure of the offered certificates and the transactions described herein are compliant with the EU Risk Retention and Due Diligence Requirements or any other applicable legal regulatory or other requirements and no such person will have any liability to any prospective investor or any other person with respect to any deficiency in such information or any failure of the transactions contemplated hereby to comply with or otherwise satisfy such requirements.
If a regulator determines that the transaction does not comply or, as a result of a breach by an entity that has covenanted to retain a net economic interest of such covenant, is no longer in compliance with, the EU Risk Retention and Due Diligence Requirements, an
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investor subject to the EU Risk Retention and Due Diligence Requirements may be subject to regulatory penalties and, in the case that such investor is subject to regulatory capital requirements, a punitive capital charge may apply in respect of the offered certificates held by it. Such a determination could have a negative impact on the price and liquidity of the offered certificates in the secondary market.
On 30 September 2015, the European Commission published a proposal to amend the CRR (the “Draft CRR Amendment Regulation”) and a proposed regulation relating to a European framework for simple, transparent and standardized securitization (such proposed regulation, including any implementing regulation, technical standards and official guidelines related thereto, the “Securitization Framework” and, together with the Draft CRR Amendment Regulation, the “Securitization Regulation”) which would, among other things, re-cast the EU risk retention rules as part of wider changes to establish a “Capital Markets Union” in Europe. The Presidency of the Council of Ministers of the European Union has also published compromise proposals concerning the Securitization Regulation. The Securitization Regulation will need to be considered, finalized and adopted by the European Parliament and Council of Ministers. It is unclear at this time when the Securitization Regulation will become effective. Investors should be aware that there are material differences between the current EU Risk Retention and Due Diligence Requirements and the Securitization Regulation. The Securitization Regulation may also enter into force in a form that differs from the published proposals and drafts.
There can therefore be no assurances as to whether the transactions described herein will be affected by a change in law or regulation relating to the EU Risk Retention and Due Diligence Requirements (including the Securitization Regulation), including as a result of any changes recommended in future reports or reviews. Investors should therefore make themselves aware of the EU Risk Retention and Due Diligence Requirements, the proposed Securitization Regulation (and any corresponding implementing rules of their regulator), in addition to any other regulatory requirements that are (or may become) applicable to them and/or with respect to their investment in the offered certificates.
With respect to the commitment of each of Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, Bank of America, National Association and Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A. to retain a material net economic interest in the securitization for the purpose of the EU Risk Retention and Due Diligence Requirements, please see the statements set out in “EU Securitization Risk Retention Requirements” below.
Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations May Assign Different Ratings to the Certificates; Ratings of the Certificates Reflect Only the Views of the Applicable Rating Agencies as of the Dates Such Ratings Were Issued; Ratings May Affect ERISA Eligibility; Ratings May Be Downgraded
Ratings assigned to the offered certificates by the nationally recognized statistical rating organizations engaged by the depositor:
· | are based on, among other things, the economic characteristics of the mortgaged properties and other relevant structural features of the transaction; |
· | do not represent any assessment of the yield to maturity that a certificateholder may experience; |
· | reflect only the views of the respective rating agencies as of the date such ratings were issued; |
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· | may be reviewed, revised, suspended, downgraded, qualified or withdrawn entirely by the applicable rating agency as a result of changes in or unavailability of information; |
· | may have been determined based on criteria that included an analysis of historical mortgage loan data that may not reflect future experience; |
· | may reflect assumptions by such rating agencies regarding performance of the mortgage loans that are not accurate, as evidenced by the significant amount of downgrades, qualifications and withdrawals of ratings assigned to previously issued CMBS by the hired rating agencies and other nationally recognized statistical rating organizations during the recent credit crisis; and |
· | do not consider to what extent the offered certificates will be subject to prepayment or that the outstanding principal amount of any class of offered certificates will be prepaid. |
The nationally recognized statistical rating organizations that assign ratings to any class of offered certificates will establish the amount of credit support, if any, for such class of offered certificates based on, among other things, an assumed level of defaults, delinquencies and losses with respect to the mortgage loans. Actual losses may, however, exceed the assumed levels. If actual losses on the mortgage loans exceed the assumed levels, you may be required to bear the additional losses.
In addition, the rating of any class of offered certificates below an investment grade rating by any nationally recognized statistical rating organization, whether upon initial issuance of such class of certificates or as a result of a ratings downgrade, could adversely affect the ability of an employee benefit plan or other investor to purchase or retain those offered certificates. See “Certain ERISA Considerations” and “Legal Investment”.
Nationally recognized statistical rating organizations that were not engaged by the depositor to rate the offered certificates may nevertheless issue unsolicited credit ratings on one or more classes of offered certificates, relying on information they receive pursuant to Rule 17g-5 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise. If any such unsolicited ratings are issued, we cannot assure you that they will not be different from any ratings assigned by a rating agency engaged by the depositor. The issuance of unsolicited ratings by any nationally recognized statistical rating organization on a class of the offered certificates that are lower than ratings assigned by a rating agency engaged by the depositor may adversely impact the liquidity, market value and regulatory characteristics of that class.
As part of the process of obtaining ratings for the offered certificates, the depositor had initial discussions with and submitted certain materials to six nationally recognized statistical rating organizations. Based on preliminary feedback from those nationally recognized statistical rating organizations at that time, the depositor selected four of those nationally recognized statistical rating organizations to rate certain classes of the certificates and not the other nationally recognized statistical rating organizations, due in part to their initial subordination levels for the various classes of the certificates. If the depositor had selected the other nationally recognized statistical rating organizations to rate the certificates, we cannot assure you that the ratings such other nationally recognized statistical rating organizations would have assigned to the certificates would not have been lower than the ratings assigned by the nationally recognized statistical rating organizations engaged by the depositor. Further, in the case of one nationally recognized statistical rating organizations engaged by the depositor, the depositor only requested ratings for certain
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classes of offered certificates, due in part to the final subordination levels provided by such nationally recognized statistical rating organization for such classes of certificates. If the depositor had selected such nationally recognized statistical rating organization to rate those classes of offered certificates not rated by it, such ratings on those other certificates may have been different, and potentially lower, than those ratings ultimately assigned to those certificates by the other nationally recognized statistical rating organizations hired by the depositor. In addition, the decision not to engage one or more other rating agencies in the rating of certain classes of certificates to be issued in connection with this transaction may negatively impact the liquidity, market value and regulatory characteristics of those classes of certificates. Although unsolicited ratings may be issued by any nationally recognized statistical rating organization, a nationally recognized statistical rating organization might be more likely to issue an unsolicited rating if it was not selected after having provided preliminary feedback to the depositor. Neither the depositor nor any other person or entity will have any duty to notify you if any other nationally recognized statistical rating organization issues, or delivers notice of its intention to issue, consolidated ratings on one or more classes of certificates after the date of this prospectus.
Furthermore, the Securities and Exchange Commission may determine that any or all of the rating agencies engaged by the depositor to rate the certificates no longer qualifies as a nationally recognized statistical rating organization, or is no longer qualified to rate the certificates or may no longer rate similar securities for a limited period as a result of an enforcement action, and that determination may also have an adverse effect on the liquidity, market value and regulatory characteristics of the offered certificates. To the extent that the provisions of any mortgage loan or the pooling and servicing agreement condition any action, event or circumstance on the delivery of a rating agency confirmation, the pooling and servicing agreement will require delivery or deemed delivery of a rating agency confirmation only from the rating agencies engaged by the depositor to rate the certificates or, in the case of a serviced whole loan, any related companion loan securities.
In August 2011, S&P Global Ratings downgraded the U.S. Government’s credit rating from “AAA” to “AA+”. In the event that S&P Global Ratings is engaged by the depositor and thereafter elects pursuant to the transaction documents not to review, declines to review, or otherwise waives its review of one or more proposed defeasances of mortgage loans included in the trust and for which defeasance is permitted under the related loan documents, the transaction documents would then permit the related borrower to defease any such mortgage loan without actually obtaining any rating agency confirmation. Subsequent to any such defeasance(s), there can be no assurance that S&P Global Ratings would not thereafter decrease the ratings, if any, which it has assigned to the certificates.
We are not obligated to maintain any particular rating with respect to the certificates, and the ratings initially assigned to the certificates by any or all of the rating agencies engaged by the depositor to rate the certificates could change adversely as a result of changes affecting, among other things, the mortgage loans, the mortgaged properties, the parties to the pooling and servicing agreement, or as a result of changes to ratings criteria employed by any or all of the rating agencies engaged by the depositor to rate the certificates. Although these changes would not necessarily be or result from an event of default on any mortgage loan, any adverse change to the ratings of the offered certificates would likely have an adverse effect on the market value, liquidity and/or regulatory characteristics of those certificates.
Further, certain actions provided for in loan agreements may require a rating agency confirmation be obtained from the rating agencies engaged by the depositor to rate the certificates and, in the case of a serviced whole loan, any companion loan securities as a precondition to taking such action. In certain circumstances, this condition may be deemed
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to have been met or waived without such a rating agency confirmation being obtained. In the event such an action is taken without a rating agency confirmation being obtained, we cannot assure you that the applicable rating agency will not downgrade, qualify or withdraw its ratings as a result of the taking of such action. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Certain Terms of the Mortgage Loans—“Due-On-Sale” and “Due-On-Encumbrance” Provisions”, “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Rating Agency Confirmations” and “Ratings” for additional considerations regarding the ratings, including a description of the process of obtaining confirmations of ratings for the offered certificates.
Your Yield May Be Affected by Defaults, Prepayments and Other Factors
General
The yield to maturity on each class of offered certificates will depend in part on the following:
· | the purchase price for the certificates; |
· | the rate and timing of principal payments on the mortgage loans (both voluntary and involuntary), and the allocation of principal prepayments to the respective classes of offered certificates with certificate balances; and |
· | the allocation of shortfalls and losses on the mortgage loans to the respective classes of offered certificates. |
For this purpose, principal payments include voluntary and involuntary prepayments, such as prepayments resulting from the application of loan reserves, property releases, casualty or condemnation, defaults and liquidations as well as principal payments resulting from repurchases due to material breaches of representations and warranties or material document defects or purchases by a companion loan holder or mezzanine lender (if any) pursuant to a purchase option or sales of defaulted mortgage loans.
Any changes in the weighted average lives of your certificates may adversely affect your yield. In general, if you buy a certificate at a premium, and principal distributions occur faster than expected, your actual yield to maturity will be lower than expected. If principal distributions are very high, holders of certificates purchased at a premium might not fully recover their initial investment. Conversely, if you buy a certificate at a discount and principal distributions occur more slowly than expected, your actual yield to maturity will be lower than expected.
Prepayments resulting in a shortening of weighted average lives of your certificates may be made at a time of low interest rates when you may be unable to reinvest the resulting payment of principal on your certificates at a rate comparable to the effective yield anticipated by you in making your investment in the certificates, while delays and extensions resulting in a lengthening of those weighted average lives may occur at a time of high interest rates when you may have been able to reinvest principal payments that would otherwise have been received by you at higher rates.
In addition, the extent to which prepayments on the mortgage loans in the issuing entity ultimately affect the weighted average life of the certificates will depend on the terms of the certificates, more particularly:
· | a class of certificates that entitles the holders of those certificates to a disproportionately larger share of the prepayments on the mortgage loans |
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increases the “call risk” or the likelihood of early retirement of that class if the rate of prepayment is relatively fast; and |
· | a class of certificates that entitles the holders of the certificates to a disproportionately smaller share of the prepayments on the mortgage loans increases the likelihood of “extension risk” or an extended average life of that class if the rate of prepayment is relatively slow. |
The Timing of Prepayments and Repurchases May Change Your Anticipated Yield
The rate at which voluntary prepayments occur on the mortgage loans will be affected by a variety of factors, including:
· | the terms of the mortgage loans, including, the length of any prepayment lockout period and the applicable yield maintenance charges and prepayment premiums and the extent to which the related mortgage loan terms may be practically enforced; |
· | the level of prevailing interest rates; |
· | the availability of credit for commercial real estate; |
· | the master servicer’s or special servicer’s ability to enforce yield maintenance charges and prepayment premiums; |
· | the failure to meet certain requirements for the release of escrows; |
· | the occurrence of casualties or natural disasters; and |
· | economic, demographic, tax, legal or other factors. |
Although a yield maintenance charge or other prepayment premium provision of a mortgage loan is intended to create an economic disincentive for a borrower to prepay voluntarily a mortgage loan, we cannot assure you that mortgage loans that have such provisions will not prepay.
The extent to which the special servicer forecloses upon, takes title to and disposes of any mortgaged property related to a mortgage loan or sells defaulted mortgage loans will affect the weighted average lives of your certificates. If the special servicer forecloses upon a significant number of the related mortgage loans, and depending upon the amount and timing of recoveries from the related mortgaged properties or sells defaulted mortgage loans, your certificates may have a shorter weighted average life.
Delays in liquidations of defaulted mortgage loans and modifications extending the maturity of mortgage loans will tend to delay the payment of principal on the mortgage loans. The ability of the related borrower to make any required balloon payment typically will depend upon its ability either to refinance the mortgage loan or to sell the related mortgaged property. A significant number of the mortgage loans require balloon payments at maturity or anticipated repayment date and there is a risk that a number of those mortgage loans may default at maturity or anticipated repayment date, or that the special servicer may extend the maturity of a number of those mortgage loans in connection with workouts. We cannot assure you as to the borrowers’ abilities to make mortgage loan payments on a full and timely basis, including any balloon payments at maturity or anticipated repayment date. Bankruptcy of the borrower or adverse conditions in the market where the mortgaged property is located may, among other things, delay the
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recovery of proceeds in the case of defaults. Losses on the mortgage loans due to uninsured risks or insufficient hazard insurance proceeds may create shortfalls in distributions to certificateholders. Any required indemnification of a party to the pooling and servicing agreement in connection with legal actions relating to the issuing entity, the related agreements or the certificates may also result in shortfalls.
See “—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Risks Relating to Enforceability of Yield Maintenance Charges, Prepayment Premiums or Defeasance Provisions” above and “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Certain Terms of the Mortgage Loans—Prepayment Protections and Certain Involuntary Prepayments” and “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Redevelopment, Renovation and Expansion”.
In addition, if a sponsor repurchases a mortgage loan from the issuing entity due to a material breach of one or more of its representations or warranties or a material document defect, the repurchase price paid will be passed through to the holders of the certificates with the same effect as if the mortgage loan had been prepaid in part or in full, and no yield maintenance charge or other prepayment premium would be payable. Additionally, any mezzanine lender (if any) may have the option to purchase the related mortgage loan after certain defaults, and the purchase price may not include any yield maintenance charges or prepayment premiums. As a result of such a repurchase or purchase, investors in the Class X-A and Class X-B certificates and any other certificates purchased at a premium might not fully recoup their initial investment. A repurchase, a prepayment or the exercise of a purchase option may adversely affect the yield to maturity on your certificates. In this respect, see “Description of the Mortgage Loan Purchase Agreements” and “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Realization Upon Mortgage Loans”.
The certificates with notional amounts will not be entitled to distributions of principal but instead will accrue interest on their respective notional amounts. Because the notional amount of the certificates indicated in the table below is based upon the outstanding certificate balances of the related class of certificates, the yield to maturity on the indicated certificates will be extremely sensitive to the rate and timing of prepayments of principal, liquidations and principal losses on the mortgage loans to the extent allocated to the related certificates.
Interest-Only Class | Underlying Classes | |
Class X-A | Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-SB certificates | |
Class X-B | Class A-S, Class B and Class C certificates |
A rapid rate of principal prepayments, liquidations and/or principal losses on the mortgage loans could result in the failure to recoup the initial investment in the Class X-A and/or Class X-B certificates. Investors in the Class X-A or Class X-B certificates should fully consider the associated risks, including the risk that an extremely rapid rate of amortization, prepayment or other liquidation of the mortgage loans could result in the failure of such investors to recoup fully their initial investments. The yield to maturity of the certificates with notional amounts may be adversely affected by the prepayment of mortgage loans with higher net mortgage loan rates. See “Yield and Maturity Considerations—Yield on the Certificates with Notional Amounts”.
In addition, with respect to the Class A-SB certificates, the extent to which the planned balances are achieved and the sensitivity of the Class A-SB certificates to principal
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prepayments on the mortgage loans will depend in part on the period of time during which the Class A-1, Class A-2 and Class A-3 certificates remain outstanding. As such, the Class A-SB certificates will become more sensitive to the rate of prepayments on the mortgage loans than they were when the Class A-1, Class A-2 and Class A-3 certificates were outstanding.
Your Yield May Be Adversely Affected By Prepayments Resulting From Earnout Reserves
With respect to certain mortgage loans, earnout escrows may have been established at origination, which funds may be released to the related borrower upon satisfaction of certain conditions. If such conditions with respect to any such mortgage loan are not satisfied, the amounts reserved in such escrows may be, or may be required to be, applied to the payment of the mortgage loan, which would have the same effect on the offered certificates as a prepayment of the mortgage loan, except that such application of funds would not be accompanied by any prepayment premium or yield maintenance charge. See Annex A-1. The pooling and servicing agreement will provide that unless required by the mortgage loan documents, the master servicer will not apply such amounts as a prepayment if no event of default has occurred.
Losses and Shortfalls May Change Your Anticipated Yield
If losses on the mortgage loans allocated to the non-retained certificates exceed the aggregate certificate balance of the classes of certificates subordinated to a particular class, that class will suffer a loss equal to the full amount of the excess (up to the outstanding certificate balance of that class). Even if losses on the mortgage loans are not borne by your certificates, those losses may affect the weighted average life and yield to maturity of your certificates.
For example, certain shortfalls in interest as a result of involuntary prepayments may reduce the funds available to make payments on your certificates. In addition, if the master servicer, the special servicer or the trustee reimburses itself (or the master servicer, special servicer, trustee or other party to a trust and servicing agreement governing the servicing of a non-serviced whole loan) out of general collections on the mortgage loans included in the issuing entity for any advance that it (or any such other party) has determined is not recoverable out of collections on the related mortgage loan, then to the extent that this reimbursement is made from collections of principal on the mortgage loans in the issuing entity, that reimbursement will reduce the amount of principal ultimately available to be distributed on the certificates and will result in a reduction of the certificate balance (or notional amount) of a class of non-retained certificates and the RRI interest, pro rata based on their respective percentage allocation entitlement as described in this prospectus. See “Description of the Certificates—Distributions”. Likewise, if the master servicer or the trustee reimburses itself out of principal collections on the mortgage loans for any workout-delayed reimbursement amounts, that reimbursement will reduce the amount of principal available to be distributed on the non-retained certificates and the RRI interest, pro rata based on their respective percentage allocation entitlement as described in this prospectus, on that distribution date. This reimbursement would have the effect of reducing current payments of principal on the offered certificates (other than the certificates with notional amounts and the Class R certificates) and extending the weighted average lives of the offered certificates with certificate balances. See “Description of the Certificates—Distributions”.
In addition, to the extent of the portion of losses that are realized on the mortgage loans and allocated to the non-retained certificates, first the Class G certificates, then the Class F
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certificates, then the Class E certificates, then the Class D certificates, then the Class C certificates, then the Class B certificates, then the Class A-S certificates and, then, pro rata, the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-SB certificates, based on their respective certificate balances, will bear such losses up to an amount equal to the respective outstanding certificate balance of that class. A reduction in the certificate balance of the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 or Class A-SB certificates will result in a corresponding reduction in the notional amount of the Class X-A certificates and a reduction of the certificate balance of the Class A-S, Class B or Class C certificates will result in a corresponding reduction of the notional amount of the Class X-B certificates. We make no representation as to the anticipated rate or timing of prepayments (voluntary or involuntary) or rate, timing or amount of liquidations or losses on the mortgage loans or as to the anticipated yield to maturity of any such offered certificate. See “Yield and Maturity Considerations”.
Risk of Early Termination
The issuing entity is subject to optional termination under certain circumstances. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Termination; Retirement of Certificates”. In the event of this termination, you might receive some principal payments earlier than otherwise expected, which could adversely affect your anticipated yield to maturity.
Subordination of the Subordinated Certificates Will Affect the Timing of Distributions and the Application of Losses on the Subordinated Certificates
As described in this prospectus, the rights of the holders of Class A-S, Class B and Class C certificates to receive payments of principal and interest in respect of the non-retained certificates and otherwise payable on the certificates they hold will be subordinated to such rights of the holders of the more senior certificates having an earlier alphabetical or alphanumeric class designation. If you acquire any Class A-S, Class B or Class C certificates, then your rights to receive distributions of amounts collected or advanced on or in respect of the mortgage loans that are allocable to the non-retained certificates will generally be subordinated to those of the holders of the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3, Class A-SB, Class X-A, Class X-B, Class X-D, Class X-E, Class X-F and Class X-G certificates and, if your certificates are Class B or Class C certificates, to those of the holders of the Class A-S certificates and, if your certificates are Class C certificates, to those of the holders of the Class B certificates. See “Description of the Certificates”. As a result, investors in those classes of certificates that are subordinated in whole or part to other classes of certificates will generally bear the effects of losses on the mortgage loans and unreimbursed expenses of the issuing entity before the holders of such other classes of certificates. See “Description of the Certificates—Distributions” and “—Subordination; Allocation of Realized Losses”.
Payments Allocated to the RRI Interest or the Non-Retained Certificates Will Not Be Available to the Non-Retained Certificates or the RRI Interest, Respectively
As described in this prospectus, payments of principal and interest in respect of the mortgage loans will be distributed to the holders of the non-retained certificates and the RRI interest, pro rata, based upon their respective percentage allocation entitlement. Amounts received and allocated to the non-retained certificates will not be available to satisfy any amounts due and payable to the RRI interest. Likewise, amounts received and allocated to the RRI interest will not be available to satisfy any amounts due and payable to the non-retained certificates. As a result of this allocation of payments, any losses incurred by the issuing entity will also be effectively allocated between the non-retained certificates and the
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RRI interest, pro rata, based upon their respective percentage allocation entitlement. See “Description of the Certificates—Distributions” and “Credit Risk Retention”.
Your Lack of Control Over the Issuing Entity and the Mortgage Loans Can Impact Your Investment
You Have Limited Voting Rights
Except as described in this prospectus, you and other certificateholders generally do not have a right to vote and do not have the right to make decisions with respect to the administration of the issuing entity and the mortgage loans. With respect to mortgage loans (other than mortgage loan that will be serviced under a separate trust and servicing agreement), those decisions are generally made, subject to the express terms of the pooling and servicing agreement for this transaction, by the master servicer, the special servicer, the trustee or the certificate administrator, as applicable, subject to any rights of the directing certificateholder or the risk retention consultation party under the pooling and servicing agreement for this transaction and the rights of the holders of any related companion loan and mezzanine debt under the related intercreditor agreement. With respect to a non-serviced mortgage loan, you will generally not have any right to vote or make decisions with respect a non-serviced mortgage loan, and those decisions will generally be made by the master servicer or the special servicer under the trust and servicing agreement governing the servicing of such non-serviced mortgage loan and the related companion loan, subject to the rights of the directing certificateholder appointed under such trust and servicing agreement. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement” and “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans”. In particular, with respect to the risks relating to a modification of a mortgage loan, see “—Risks Relating to Modifications of the Mortgage Loans” below.
In certain limited circumstances where certificateholders have the right to vote on matters affecting the issuing entity, in some cases, these votes are by certificateholders taken as a whole and in others the vote is by class. Your interests as an owner of certificates of a particular class may not be aligned with the interests of owners of one or more other classes of certificates in connection with any such vote. In addition, in all cases voting is based on the outstanding certificate balance, which is reduced by realized losses. In certain cases with respect to the termination of the special servicer and the operating advisor, certain voting rights will also be reduced by appraisal reduction amounts, as described below. These limitations on voting could adversely affect your ability to protect your interests with respect to matters voted on by certificateholders. See “Description of the Certificates—Voting Rights”. You will have no rights to vote on any servicing matters related to the mortgage loan that will be serviced under the trust and servicing agreement governing the servicing of a non-serviced whole loan.
In general, a certificate beneficially owned by any borrower affiliate, any property manager, the master servicer, the special servicer, the trustee, the certificate administrator, the depositor, any mortgage loan seller or respective affiliates or agents will be deemed not to be outstanding and a holder of such certificate will not have the right to vote, subject to certain exceptions, as further described in the definition of “Certificateholder” under “Description of the Certificates—Reports to Certificateholders; Certain Available Information—Certificate Administrator Reports”.
The Class V certificates and the RRI interest will not have any voting rights; however, the holders of the RRI interest will be entitled to consent to amendments to the pooling and servicing agreement that would adversely affect the rights of such certificateholders.
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The Rights of the Directing Certificateholder, the Risk Retention Consultation Party and the Operating Advisor Could Adversely Affect Your Investment
The directing certificateholder will have certain consent and consultation rights with respect to certain matters relating to the mortgage loans (other than any applicable excluded loans and, with respect to any non-serviced mortgage loan, will have certain limited consultation rights) and the right to replace the special servicer with or without cause, except that if a control termination event (i.e., an event in which the certificate balance of the most senior class of certificates that is eligible to be a controlling class, as reduced by the application of appraisal reduction amounts and realized losses, is less than 25% of its initial certificate balance) occurs and is continuing, the directing certificateholder will lose the consent rights and the right to replace the special servicer, and if a consultation termination event (i.e., an event in which the certificate balance of the most senior class of certificates that is eligible to be a controlling class (as reduced by the application of realized losses) is less than 25% of its initial certificate balance) occurs and is continuing, then the directing certificateholder will no longer have any consultation rights with respect to any mortgage loans. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—The Directing Certificateholder”.
In addition, the risk retention consultation party will have certain consultation rights with respect to certain matters relating to the specially serviced loans (other than any applicable excluded loans). See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—The Directing Certificateholder—Major Decisions”.
These actions and decisions with respect to which the directing certificateholder has consent or consultation rights and the risk retention consultation party has consultation rights include, among others, certain modifications to the mortgage loans or any serviced whole loan, including modifications of monetary terms, foreclosure or comparable conversion of the related mortgaged properties, and certain sales of mortgage loans or REO properties for less than the outstanding principal amount plus accrued interest, fees and expenses. As a result of the exercise of these rights by the directing certificateholder and the risk retention consultation party, the special servicer may take actions with respect to a mortgage loan that could adversely affect the interests of investors in one or more classes of offered certificates.
Similarly, with respect to the non-serviced mortgage loan, the master servicer or the special servicer under the trust and servicing agreement governing the servicing of a non-serviced mortgage loan may, at the direction or upon the advice of the directing certificateholder (or equivalent) of the related securitization trust holding the controlling note for a non-serviced whole loan, take actions with respect to such non-serviced mortgage loan and related companion loans that could adversely affect such non-serviced mortgage loan, and therefore, the holders of some or all of the classes of certificates. The issuing entity (as the holder of a non-controlling note) will have limited consultation rights with respect to major decisions and the implementation of any recommended actions outlined in an asset status report relating to a non-serviced whole loan and in connection with a sale of a defaulted loan, and such rights will be exercised by the directing certificateholder for this transaction so long as no consultation termination event has occurred and is continuing and by the special servicer if a consultation termination event has occurred and is continuing. Additionally, with respect to each non-serviced whole loan, in circumstances similar to those described above, the directing certificateholder (or the equivalent) of the related securitization trust will have the right to replace the special servicer of such securitization with or without cause, and without the consent of the issuing entity. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans” and “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan”.
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Although the master servicer and the special servicer under the pooling and servicing agreement and the master servicer and the special servicer for a non-serviced mortgage loan are not permitted to take actions which are prohibited by law or violate the servicing standard under the applicable pooling and servicing agreement, trust and servicing agreement or the terms of the related mortgage loan documents, it is possible that the directing certificateholder (or the equivalent) under such pooling and servicing agreement or trust and servicing agreement (as applicable) may direct or advise, as applicable, the special servicer to take actions with respect to such mortgage loan that conflict with the interests of the holders of certain classes of the certificates.
You will be acknowledging and agreeing, by your purchase of offered certificates, that the directing certificateholder, the risk retention consultation party and the directing certificateholder (or the equivalent) under the pooling and servicing agreement or the trust and servicing agreement governing the servicing of a non-serviced mortgage loan:
(i) may have special relationships and interests that conflict with those of holders of one or more classes of certificates;
(ii) may act solely in the interests of the holders of the controlling class or the RRI interest, as applicable (or, in the case of a non-serviced mortgage loan, the controlling class of the securitization trust formed under the pooling and servicing agreement or the trust and servicing agreement governing the servicing of a non-serviced mortgage loan);
(iii) does not have any duties to the holders of any class of certificates other than the controlling class or the RRI interest, as applicable (or, in the case of a non-serviced mortgage loan, the controlling class of the securitization trust formed under the pooling and servicing agreement or the trust and servicing agreement governing the servicing of a non-serviced mortgage loan);
(iv) may take actions that favor the interests of the holders of the controlling class or the RRI interest, as applicable (or, in the case of a non-serviced mortgage loan, the controlling class of the securitization trust formed under the pooling and servicing agreement or the trust and servicing agreement governing the servicing of a non-serviced mortgage loan) over the interests of the holders of one or more other classes of certificates; and
(v) will have no liability whatsoever (other than to a controlling class certificateholder) for having so acted as set forth in clauses (i) – (iv) above, and that no certificateholder may take any action whatsoever against the directing certificateholder, the risk retention consultation party or the directing certificateholder (or the equivalent) under the pooling and servicing agreement or the trust and servicing agreement governing the servicing of a non-serviced mortgage loan or any of their respective affiliates, directors, officers, employees, shareholders, members, partners, agents or principals for having so acted.
In addition, if a control termination event has occurred and is continuing, the operating advisor will have certain consultation rights with respect to certain matters relating to the mortgage loans (other than any non-serviced mortgage loan). Further, if a consultation termination event has occurred and is continuing, the operating advisor will have the right to recommend a replacement of the special servicer, as described under “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—The Operating Advisor”. The operating advisor is generally required to act on behalf of the issuing entity and in the best interest of, and for the benefit of, the certificateholders and, with respect to any serviced whole loan, for the benefit of any holder
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of a related companion loan (as a collective whole as if the certificateholders and the companion loan holder constituted a single lender). We cannot assure you that any actions taken by the master servicer or the special servicer as a result of a recommendation or consultation by the operating advisor will not adversely affect the interests of investors in one or more classes of certificates. With respect to the non-serviced mortgage loan, the operating advisor, if any, appointed under the related trust and servicing agreement governing the servicing of such non-serviced mortgage loan will have similar rights and duties under such trust and servicing agreement. Further, the operating advisor will generally have no obligations or consultation rights under the pooling and servicing agreement for this transaction with respect to any non-serviced mortgage loan or any related REO Property. There will be no operating advisor under the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL trust and servicing agreement with respect to The Shops at Crystals whole loan. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan”.
You Have Limited Rights to Replace the Master Servicer, the Special Servicer, the Trustee, the Certificate Administrator, the Operating Advisor or the Asset Representations Reviewer
In general, the directing certificateholder will have the right to terminate and replace the special servicer with or without cause so long as no control termination event has occurred and is continuing and other than in respect of any applicable excluded loans as described in this prospectus. After the occurrence and during continuance of a control termination event under the pooling and servicing agreement, the special servicer may also be removed in certain circumstances (x) if a request is made by certificateholders evidencing not less than 25% of the voting rights (taking into account the application of appraisal reductions to notionally reduce the respective certificate balances) and (y) upon receipt of approval by certificateholders holding at least 66-2/3% of a quorum of the certificateholders (which quorum consists of the holders of certificates evidencing at least 50% of the aggregate voting rights (taking into account the application of realized losses and the application of appraisal reductions to notionally reduce the respective certificate balances). See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Replacement of the Special Servicer Without Cause”.
The certificateholders will generally have no right to replace and terminate the master servicer, the trustee and the certificate administrator without cause. The vote of the requisite percentage of certificateholders may terminate the operating advisor or the asset representations reviewer without cause. The vote of the requisite percentage of the certificateholders will be required to replace the master servicer, the special servicer, the operating advisor and the asset representations reviewer even for cause, and certain termination events may be waived by the vote of the requisite percentage of the certificateholders. With respect to each non-serviced whole loan, in circumstances similar to those described above, the directing certificateholder (or the equivalent) and the certificateholders of the securitization trust related to such other pooling and servicing agreement or trust and servicing agreement will have the right to replace the special servicer of such securitization with or without cause, and without the consent of the issuing entity. The certificateholders generally will have no right to replace the master servicer or the special servicer of a pooling and servicing agreement or a trust and servicing agreement relating to any non-serviced mortgage loan, though under certain circumstances the certificateholders may have a limited right to replace the master servicer or special servicer for cause solely with respect to such non-serviced whole loan under such pooling and servicing agreement or trust and servicing agreement, as applicable. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans—The Non-Serviced Whole Loan” in this prospectus. We cannot assure that your lack of control over the replacement of these parties will not have an adverse impact on your investment.
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The Rights of Companion Holders and Mezzanine Debt May Adversely Affect Your Investment
The holders of a serviced pari passu companion loan relating to a serviced pari passu mortgage loan will have certain consultation rights (on a non-binding basis) with respect to major decisions and implementation of any recommended actions outlined in an asset status report relating to the related whole loan under the related intercreditor agreement. Such companion loan holder and its representative may have interests in conflict with those of the holders of some or all of the classes of certificates, and may advise the special servicer to take actions that conflict with the interests of the holders of certain classes of the certificates. Although any such consultation is non-binding and the special servicer may not be required to consult with the companion loan holder unless required to do so under the servicing standard, we cannot assure you that the exercise of the rights of such companion loan holder will not delay any action to be taken by the special servicer and will not adversely affect your investment.
With respect to mortgage loans that have mezzanine debt, the related mezzanine lender will have the right under certain limited circumstances to (i) cure certain defaults with respect to, and under certain default scenarios, purchase (without payment of any yield maintenance charge or prepayment premium) the related mortgage loan and (ii) so long as no event of default with respect to the related mortgage loan continues after the mezzanine lender’s cure right has expired, approve certain modifications and consent to certain actions to be taken with respect to the related mortgage loan. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics” and “—Additional Indebtedness”.
The purchase option that the holder of mezzanine debt holds pursuant to the related intercreditor agreement generally permits such holder to purchase its related defaulted mortgage loan for a purchase price generally equal to the outstanding principal balance of the related defaulted mortgage loan, together with accrued and unpaid interest (exclusive of default interest) on, and unpaid servicing expenses, protective advances and interest on advances related to, such defaulted mortgage loan. However, in the event such holder is not obligated to pay some or all of those fees and additional expenses, including any liquidation fee payable to the special servicer under the terms of the pooling and servicing agreement, then the exercise of such holder’s rights under the intercreditor agreement to purchase the related mortgage loan from the issuing entity may result in a loss to the issuing entity in the amount of those fees and additional expenses. In addition, such holder’s right to cure defaults under the related defaulted mortgage loan could delay the issuing entity’s ability to realize on or otherwise take action with respect to such defaulted mortgage loan.
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In addition, with respect to any non-serviced mortgage loan, you will generally not have any right to vote or consent with respect to any matters relating to the servicing and administration of such non-serviced mortgage loan, however, the directing certificateholder (or equivalent) of the related securitization trust holding the controlling note for the related non-serviced whole loan, will have the right to vote or consent with respect to certain specified matters relating to the servicing and administration of such non-serviced mortgage loan. The interests of the securitization trust holding the controlling note may conflict with those of the holders of some or all of the classes of certificates, and accordingly the directing certificateholder (or the equivalent) of such securitization trust may direct or advise the special servicer for the related securitization trust to take actions that conflict with the interests of the holders of certain classes of the certificates. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans—The Non-Serviced Whole Loan” and “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan”.
You will be acknowledging and agreeing, by your purchase of offered certificates, that any companion loan holder:
· | may have special relationships and interests that conflict with those of holders of one or more classes of certificates; |
· | may act solely in its own interests, without regard to your interests; |
· | do not have any duties to any other person, including the holders of any class of certificates; |
· | may take actions that favor its interests over the interests of the holders of one or more classes of certificates; and |
· | will have no liability whatsoever for having so acted and that no certificateholder may take any action whatsoever against the companion loan holder or its representative or any director, officer, employee, agent or principal of the companion loan holder or its representative for having so acted. |
Risks Relating to Modifications of the Mortgage Loans
As delinquencies or defaults occur, the special servicer will be required to utilize an increasing amount of resources to work with borrowers to maximize collections on the mortgage loans serviced by it. This may include modifying the terms of such mortgage loans that are in default or whose default is reasonably foreseeable. At each step in the process of trying to bring a defaulted mortgage loan current or in maximizing proceeds to the issuing entity, the special servicer will be required to invest time and resources not otherwise required when collecting payments on performing mortgage loans. Modifications of mortgage loans implemented by the special servicer in order to maximize ultimate proceeds of such mortgage loans to the issuing entity may have the effect of, among other things, reducing or otherwise changing the mortgage rate, forgiving or forbearing payments of principal, interest or other amounts owed under the mortgage loan, extending the final maturity date of the mortgage loan, capitalizing or deferring delinquent interest and other amounts owed under the mortgage loan, forbearing payment of a portion of the principal balance of the mortgage loan or any combination of these or other modifications.
Any modified mortgage loan may remain in the issuing entity, and the modification may result in a reduction in (or may eliminate) the funds received in respect of such mortgage loan. In particular, any modification to reduce or forgive the amount of interest payable on the mortgage loan will reduce the amount of cash flow available to make distributions of
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interest on the certificates, which will likely impact the most subordinated classes of certificates that suffer the shortfall. To the extent the modification defers principal payments on the mortgage loan (including as a result of an extension of its stated maturity date), certificates entitled to principal distributions will likely be repaid more slowly than anticipated, and if principal payments on the mortgage loan are forgiven, the reduction will cause a write-down of the certificate balances of the certificates in reverse order of seniority. See “Description of the Certificates—Subordination; Allocation of Realized Losses”.
The ability to modify mortgage loans by the special servicer may be limited by several factors. First, if the special servicer has to consider a large number of modifications, operational constraints may affect the ability of the special servicer to adequately address all of the needs of the borrowers. Furthermore, the terms of the related servicing agreement may prohibit the special servicer from taking certain actions in connection with a loan modification, such as an extension of the loan term beyond a specified date such as a specified number of years prior to the rated final distribution date. You should consider the importance of the role of the special servicer in maximizing collections for the transaction and the impediments the special servicer may encounter when servicing delinquent or defaulted mortgage loans. In some cases, failure by the special servicer to timely modify the terms of a defaulted mortgage loan may reduce amounts available for distribution on the certificates in respect of such mortgage loan, and consequently may reduce amounts available for distribution to the related certificates. In addition, even if a loan modification is successfully completed, we cannot assure you that the related borrower will continue to perform under the terms of the modified mortgage loan.
Modifications that are designed to maximize collections in the aggregate may adversely affect a particular class of certificates. The pooling and servicing agreement obligates the special servicer not to consider the interests of individual classes of certificates. You should note that in connection with considering a modification or other type of loss mitigation, the special servicer may incur or bear related out-of-pocket expenses, such as appraisal fees, which would be reimbursed to the special servicer from the transaction as servicing advances and paid from amounts received on the modified loan or from other mortgage loans in the mortgage pool but in each case, prior to distributions being made on the certificates.
Sponsors May Not Make Required Repurchases or Substitutions of Defective Mortgage Loans or Pay Any Loss of Value Payment Sufficient to Cover All Losses on a Defective Mortgage Loan
Each sponsor is the sole warranting party in respect of the mortgage loans sold by such sponsor to us. Neither we nor any of our affiliates (except Wells Fargo Bank, National Association in its capacity as a sponsor) is obligated to repurchase or substitute any mortgage loan or make any payment to compensate the issuing entity in connection with a breach of any representation or warranty of a sponsor or any document defect, if the sponsor defaults on its obligation to do so. We cannot assure you that the sponsors or, notwithstanding the existence of any guarantee, the related guarantor, will effect such repurchases or substitutions or make such payment to compensate the issuing entity. Although a loss of value payment may only be made by the related mortgage loan seller to the extent that the special servicer deems such amount to be sufficient to compensate the issuing entity for such material defect or material breach, we cannot assure you that such loss of value payment will fully compensate the issuing entity for such material defect or material breach in all respects. In particular, in the case of a non-serviced whole loan that is serviced under the related non-serviced pooling and servicing agreement or trust and
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servicing agreement entered into in connection with the securitization of the related pari passu companion loan, the asset representations reviewer under that pooling and servicing agreement or trust and servicing agreement (if any) may review the diligence file relating to such pari passu companion loan concurrently with the review of the asset representations reviewer of the related mortgage loan for this transaction, and their findings may be inconsistent, and such inconsistency may allow the related mortgage loan seller to challenge the findings of the asset representations reviewer of the affected mortgage loan. In addition, the sponsors may have various legal defenses available to them in connection with a repurchase or substitution obligation or an obligation to pay the loss of value payment. Any mortgage loan that is not repurchased or substituted and that is not a “qualified mortgage” for a REMIC may cause designated portions of the issuing entity to fail to qualify as a REMIC or cause the issuing entity to incur a tax.
Each sponsor has only limited assets with which to fulfill any obligations on its part that may arise as a result of a material document defect or a material breach of any of the sponsor’s representations or warranties. We cannot assure you that a sponsor has or will have sufficient assets with which to fulfill any obligations on its part that may arise, or that any such entity will maintain its existence.
See “Description of the Mortgage Loan Purchase Agreements”.
Risks Relating to Interest on Advances and Special Servicing Compensation
To the extent described in this prospectus, the master servicer, the special servicer and the trustee will each be entitled to receive interest on unreimbursed advances made by it at the “Prime Rate” as published in The Wall Street Journal. This interest will generally accrue from the date on which the related advance is made or the related expense is incurred to the date of reimbursement. In addition, under certain circumstances, including delinquencies in the payment of principal and/or interest, a mortgage loan will be specially serviced and the special servicer will be entitled to compensation for special servicing activities. The right to receive interest on advances or special servicing compensation is senior to the rights of certificateholders to receive distributions on the offered certificates. The payment of interest on advances and the payment of compensation to the special servicer may lead to shortfalls in amounts otherwise distributable on your certificates.
Bankruptcy of a Servicer May Adversely Affect Collections on the Mortgage Loans and the Ability to Replace the Servicer
The master servicer or the special servicer may be eligible to become a debtor under the federal bankruptcy code or enter into receivership under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (“FDIA”). If the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, were to become a debtor under the federal bankruptcy code or enter into receivership under the FDIA, although the pooling and servicing agreement provides that such an event would entitle the issuing entity to terminate the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, the provision would most likely not be enforceable. However, a rejection of the pooling and servicing agreement by the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, in a bankruptcy proceeding or repudiation of the pooling and servicing agreement in a receivership under the FDIA would be treated as a breach of the pooling and servicing agreement and give the issuing entity a claim for damages and the ability to appoint a successor master servicer or special servicer, as applicable. An assumption under the federal bankruptcy code would require the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, to cure its pre-bankruptcy defaults, if any, and demonstrate that it is able to perform following assumption. The bankruptcy court may permit the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, to assume the servicing agreement and assign it to a third party. An insolvency by an entity governed by state
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insolvency law would vary depending on the laws of the particular state. We cannot assure you that a bankruptcy or receivership of the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, would not adversely impact the servicing of the related mortgage loans or the issuing entity would be entitled to terminate the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, in a timely manner or at all.
If the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, becomes the subject of bankruptcy or similar proceedings, the issuing entity claim to collections in that master servicer or special servicer’s, as applicable, possession at the time of the bankruptcy filing or other similar filing may not be perfected. In this event, funds available to pay principal and interest on your certificates may be delayed or reduced.
The Sponsors, the Depositor and the Issuing Entity Are Subject to Bankruptcy or Insolvency Laws That May Affect the Issuing Entity’s Ownership of the Mortgage Loans
In the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of a sponsor or the depositor, it is possible the issuing entity’s right to payment from or ownership of the mortgage loans could be challenged, and if such challenge were successful, delays, reductions in payments and/or losses on the certificates could occur.
The transfer of the mortgage loans by the sponsors in connection with this offering is not expected to qualify for the securitization safe harbor adopted by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) for securitizations sponsored by insured depository institutions. However, the safe harbor is non-exclusive.
In the case of each sponsor, an opinion of counsel will be rendered on the closing date, based on certain facts and assumptions and subject to certain qualifications, to the effect that the transfer of the related mortgage loans by such sponsor to the depositor would generally be respected in the event of a bankruptcy or insolvency of such sponsor. A legal opinion is not a guaranty as to what any particular court would actually decide, but rather an opinion as to the decision a court would reach if the issues are competently presented and the court followed existing precedent as to legal and equitable principles applicable in bankruptcy cases. In any event, we cannot assure you that the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, a bankruptcy trustee or another interested party, as applicable, would not attempt to assert that such transfer was not a sale. Even if a challenge were not successful, it is possible that payments on the certificates would be delayed while a court resolves the claim.
In addition, since the issuing entity is a common law trust, it may not be eligible for relief under the federal bankruptcy laws, unless it can be characterized as a “business trust” for purposes of the federal bankruptcy laws. Bankruptcy courts look at various considerations in making this determination, so it is not possible to predict with any certainty whether or not the issuing entity would be characterized as a “business trust”. Regardless of whether a bankruptcy court ultimately determines that the issuing entity is a “business trust”, it is possible that payments on the offered certificates would be delayed while the court resolved the issue.
Title II of the Dodd-Frank Act provides for an orderly liquidation authority (“OLA”) under which the FDIC can be appointed as receiver of certain systemically important non-bank financial companies and their direct or indirect subsidiaries in certain cases. We make no representation as to whether this would apply to any of the sponsors. In January 2011, the then-acting general counsel of the FDIC issued a letter (the “Acting General Counsel’s Letter”) in which he expressed his view that, under then-existing regulations, the FDIC, as
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receiver under the OLA, would not, in the exercise of its OLA repudiation powers, recover as property of a financial company assets transferred by the financial company, provided that the transfer satisfies the conditions for the exclusion of assets from the financial company’s estate under the federal bankruptcy code. The letter further noted that, while the FDIC staff may be considering recommending further regulations under OLA, the acting general counsel would recommend that such regulations incorporate a 90-day transition period for any provisions affecting the FDIC’s statutory power to disaffirm or repudiate contracts. If, however, the FDIC were to adopt a different approach than that described in the Acting General Counsel’s Letter, delays or reductions in payments on the offered certificates would occur.
The Requirement of the Special Servicer to Obtain FIRREA-Compliant Appraisals May Result in an Increased Cost to the Issuing Entity
Each appraisal obtained pursuant to the pooling and servicing agreement is required to contain a statement, or is accompanied by a letter from the appraiser, to the effect that the appraisal was performed in accordance with the requirements of the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act of 1989 (“FIRREA”), as in effect on the date such appraisal was obtained. Any such appraisal is likely to be more expensive than an appraisal that is not FIRREA compliant. Such increased cost could result in losses to the issuing entity. Additionally, FIRREA compliant appraisals are required to assume a value determined by a typically motivated buyer and seller, and could result in a higher appraised value than one not prepared assuming a forced liquidation or other distress situation. In addition, because a FIRREA compliant appraisal may result in a higher valuation than a non-FIRREA compliant appraisal, there may be a delay in calculating and applying appraisal reductions, which could result in the holders of a given class of certificates continuing to hold the full non-notionally reduced amount of such certificates for a longer period of time than would be the case if a non-FIRREA compliant appraisal were obtained.
Tax Matters and Changes in Tax Law May Adversely Impact the Mortgage Loans or Your Investment
Tax Considerations Relating to Foreclosure
If the issuing entity acquires a mortgaged property (or, in the case of a non-serviced mortgage loan, a beneficial interest in a mortgaged property) subsequent to a default on the related mortgage loan pursuant to a foreclosure or deed-in-lieu of foreclosure, the special servicer (or, in the case of a non-serviced mortgage loan, the related non-serviced special servicer) would be required to retain an independent contractor to operate and manage such mortgaged property. Among other items, the independent contractor generally will not be able to perform construction work other than repair, maintenance or certain types of tenant build-outs, unless the construction was more than 10% completed when the mortgage loan defaulted or when the default of the mortgage loan became imminent. Generally, any (i) net income from such operation (other than qualifying “rents from real property”) (ii) rental income based on the net profits of a tenant or sub-tenant or allocable to a service that is non-customary in the area and for the type of property involved and (iii) rental income attributable to personal property leased in connection with a lease of real property, if the rent attributable to the personal property exceeds 15% of the total rent for the taxable year, will subject the Lower-Tier REMIC to federal tax (and possibly state or local tax) on such income at the highest marginal corporate tax rate. No determination has been made whether any portion of the income from the mortgaged properties constitutes “rent from real property”. Any such imposition of tax will reduce the net proceeds available for distribution to certificateholders. The special servicer (or, in the case of a non-serviced mortgage loan, the related non-serviced special servicer) may permit the Lower-Tier REMIC
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to earn “net income from foreclosure property” that is subject to tax if it determines that the net after-tax benefit to holders of certificates and any related companion loan holder, as a collective whole, could reasonably be expected to be greater than under another method of operating or leasing the mortgaged property. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Realization Upon Mortgage Loans”. In addition, if the issuing entity were to acquire one or more mortgaged properties (or, in the case of a non-serviced mortgage loan, a beneficial interest in a mortgaged property) pursuant to a foreclosure or deed-in-lieu of foreclosure, upon acquisition of those mortgaged properties (or, in the case of a non-serviced mortgage loan, a beneficial interest in a mortgaged property), the issuing entity may in certain jurisdictions, particularly in New York, be required to pay state or local transfer or excise taxes upon liquidation of such properties. Such state or local taxes may reduce net proceeds available for distribution to the certificateholders.
REMIC Status
If an entity intended to qualify as a REMIC fails to satisfy one or more of the REMIC provisions of the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, during any taxable year, the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, provides that such entity will not be treated as a REMIC for such year and any year thereafter. In such event, the relevant entity would likely be treated as an association taxable as a corporation under the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. If designated portions of the issuing entity are so treated, the offered certificates may be treated as stock interests in an association and not as debt instruments.
Material Federal Tax Considerations Regarding Original Issue Discount
One or more classes of offered certificates may be issued with “original issue discount” for federal income tax purposes, which generally would result in the holder recognizing taxable income in advance of the receipt of cash attributable to that income. Accordingly, investors must have sufficient sources of cash to pay any federal, state or local income taxes with respect to the original issue discount. In addition, such original issue discount will be required to be accrued and included in income based on the assumption that no defaults will occur and no losses will be incurred with respect to the mortgage loans. This could lead to the inclusion of amounts in ordinary income early in the term of the certificate that later prove uncollectible, giving rise to a bad debt deduction. In the alternative, an investor may be required to treat such uncollectible amount as a capital loss under Section 166 of the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
Description of the Mortgage Pool
General
The assets of the issuing entity will consist of a pool of forty (40) fixed rate mortgage loans (the “Mortgage Loans” or, collectively, the “Mortgage Pool”) with an aggregate principal balance as of the Cut-off Date of $870,557,680 (the “Initial Pool Balance”). The “Cut-off Date” means the respective due dates for such Mortgage Loans in August 2016 (or, in the case of any Mortgage Loan that has its first due date in September 2016, the date that would have been its due date in August 2016 under the terms of that Mortgage Loan if a monthly debt service payment were scheduled to be due in that month).
Ten (10) of the Mortgage Loans, representing approximately 45.9% of the Initial Pool Balance, are each part of a larger whole loan, each of which is comprised of the related Mortgage Loan and one or more loans that are pari passu in right of payment to the related
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Mortgage Loan (collectively referred to in this prospectus as “Pari Passu Companion Loans”) and/or are subordinate in right of payment to the related Mortgage Loan (referred to in this prospectus as a “Subordinate Companion Loan”). The Pari Passu Companion Loans and the Subordinate Companion Loan are collectively referred to as the “Companion Loans” in this prospectus, and each Mortgage Loan and the related Companion Loans are collectively referred to as a “Whole Loan”. Each Companion Loan is secured by the same mortgage and the same single assignment of leases and rents securing the related Mortgage Loan. See “—The Whole Loans” below for more information regarding the rights of the holders of any Companion Loan.
The Mortgage Loans were selected for this transaction from mortgage loans specifically originated for securitizations of this type by the mortgage loan sellers and their respective affiliates, or originated by others and acquired by the mortgage loan sellers specifically for a securitization of this type, in either case, taking into account, among other factors, rating agency criteria and anticipated feedback from investors in the most subordinate certificates, property type and geographic location.
The Mortgage Loans were originated, co-originated or acquired by the mortgage loan sellers set forth in the following chart and such entities will sell their respective Mortgage Loans to the depositor, which will in turn sell the Mortgage Loans to the issuing entity:
Sellers of the Mortgage Loans
Sponsor | Originator | Number of | Number of | Aggregate | Approx. % | |||||||
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association | Wells Fargo Bank, National Association | 15 | 15 | $ | 302,740,928 | 34.8 | % | |||||
Bank of America, National Association | Bank of America, National Association(1) | 15 | 21 | 268,752,809 | 30.9 | |||||||
Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC | Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A.(2) | 9 | 9 | 219,063,942 | 25.2 | |||||||
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association/Bank of America, National Association | Wells Fargo Bank, National Association/Bank of America, National Association(3) | 1 | 1 | 80,000,000 | 9.2 | |||||||
Total | 40 | 46 | $ | 870,557,680 | 100.0 | % |
(1) | Four (4) Mortgage Loans identified on Annex A-1 as FedEx – Atlanta, GA, FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL, FedEx – Fife, WA and FedEx – Boulder, CO, representing approximately 6.4% of the Initial Pool Balance, are part of whole loans, each of which was co-originated by Bank of America, National Association and Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp. |
(2) | One (1) Mortgage Loan identified on Annex A-1 as Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ, representing approximately 9.2% of the Initial Pool Balance, is part of a whole loan that was co-originated by Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A. and Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp. |
(3) | One (1) Mortgage Loan identified on Annex A-1 as The Shops at Crystals, representing approximately 9.2% of the Initial Pool Balance, is part of a whole loan that was co-originated by Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, Bank of America, National Association and JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association. Wells Fargo Bank, National Association is acting as mortgage loan seller and originator with respect to Notes A-3-B-2, A-3-B-3, B-3-B-2 and B-3-B-3, with a Cut-off Date Balance of $40,000,000. Bank of America, National Association is acting as mortgage loan seller and originator with respect to Notes A-2-B-2, A-2-B-3, B-2-B-2 and B-2-B-3, with a Cut-off Date Balance of $40,000,000. |
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Each Mortgage Loan is evidenced by one or more promissory notes or similar evidence of indebtedness (each a “Mortgage Note”) and, in each case, is secured by (or, in the case of an indemnity deed of trust, backed by a guaranty that is secured by) one or more mortgages, deeds of trust or other similar security instruments (each, a “Mortgage”) creating a first lien on a fee simple and/or leasehold interest in one or more commercial, multifamily or manufactured housing community properties (each, a “Mortgaged Property”).
The Mortgage Loans are generally non-recourse loans. In the event of a borrower default on a non-recourse Mortgage Loan, recourse may be had only against the specific Mortgaged Property or Mortgaged Properties and the other limited assets securing such Mortgage Loan, and not against the related borrower’s other assets. The Mortgage Loans are not insured or guaranteed by the sponsors, the mortgage loan sellers or any other person or entity unrelated to the respective borrower. You should consider all of the Mortgage Loans to be nonrecourse loans as to which recourse in the case of default will be limited to the specific property and other assets, if any, pledged to secure the related Mortgage Loan.
Certain Calculations and Definitions
This prospectus sets forth certain information with respect to the Mortgage Loans and the Mortgaged Properties. The sum in any column of the tables presented in Annex A-2 or Annex A-3 may not equal the indicated total due to rounding. The information in Annex A-1 with respect to the Mortgage Loans (or Whole Loans, if applicable) and the Mortgaged Properties is based upon the pool of the Mortgage Loans as it is expected to be constituted as of the close of business on August 18, 2016 (the “Closing Date”), assuming that (i) all scheduled principal and interest payments due on or before the Cut-off Date will be made and (ii) there will be no principal prepayments on or before the Closing Date. The statistics in Annex A-1, Annex A-2 and Annex A-3 were primarily derived from information provided to the depositor by each sponsor, which information may have been obtained from the borrowers.
All percentages of the Mortgage Loans and Mortgaged Properties, or of any specified group of Mortgage Loans and Mortgaged Properties, referred to in this prospectus without further description are approximate percentages of the Initial Pool Balance by Cut-off Date Balances and/or the allocated loan amount allocated to such Mortgaged Properties as of the Cut-off Date.
All information presented in this prospectus with respect to each Mortgage Loan with one or more Pari Passu Companion Loans is calculated in a manner that reflects the aggregate indebtedness evidenced by that Mortgage Loan and the related Pari Passu Companion Loan(s), unless otherwise indicated. All information presented in this prospectus with respect to the Mortgage Loans with a related Subordinate Companion Loan is calculated without regard to any such Subordinate Companion Loan, unless otherwise indicated.
Definitions
For purposes of this prospectus, including the information presented in the Annexes, the indicated terms have the following meanings:
“ADR” means, for any hotel property, average daily rate.
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“Annual Debt Service” generally means, for any Mortgage Loan, 12 times the average of the principal and interest payments for the first 12 payment periods of the Mortgage Loan following the Cut-off Date, provided that:
· | in the case of a Mortgage Loan that provides for interest-only payments through maturity, the aggregate interest payments scheduled to be due on the Due Date following the Cut-off Date and the 11 Due Dates thereafter for such Mortgage Loan; and |
· | in the case of a Mortgage Loan that provides for an initial interest-only period and provides for scheduled amortization payments after the expiration of such interest-only period prior to the maturity date or the Anticipated Repayment Date, as applicable, 12 times the monthly payment of principal and interest payable during the amortization period. |
Monthly debt service and the debt service coverage ratios are also calculated using the average of the principal and interest payments for the first 12 payment periods of the Mortgage Loan following the Cut-off Date, subject to the proviso to the prior sentence. In the case of any Whole Loan, Annual Debt Service is calculated with respect to the Mortgage Loan including any related Companion Loan(s) (other than any related Subordinate Companion Loan). Annual Debt Service is calculated with regard to the related Mortgage Loan included in the issuing entity only, unless otherwise indicated.
“Appraised Value” means, for any Mortgaged Property, the appraiser’s adjusted value of such Mortgaged Property as determined by the most recent third party appraisal of the Mortgaged Property available to the related mortgage loan seller as set forth under “Appraised Value” on Annex A-1. The Appraised Value set forth on Annex A-1 is the “as-is” value unless otherwise specified in this prospectus, on Annex A-1 and/or the related footnotes. In certain cases, the appraisals state an “as-stabilized” or “as-renovated” value as well as the “as-is” value for the related Mortgaged Property that assume that certain events will occur with respect to the re-tenanting, construction, renovation or repairs at such Mortgaged Property. In most such cases, the related mortgage loan seller has taken reserves sufficient to complete such re-tenanting, construction, renovation or repairs. We make no representation that sufficient amounts have been reserved or that the appraised value would approximate either the value that would be determined in a current appraisal of the related Mortgaged Property or the amount that would be realized upon a sale. In addition, with respect to Mortgage Loans secured by portfolios of Mortgaged Properties, the Appraised Value may represent the “as-is”, “as-stabilized” or “as-renovated” value for the related portfolio of Mortgaged Properties as a collective whole, which is generally higher than the aggregate of the “as-is”, “as-stabilized” or “as-renovated” appraised values of the related individual Mortgaged Properties. With respect to any Mortgage Loan that is a part of a Whole Loan, the Appraised Value is based on the appraised value of the related Mortgaged Property that secures the entire Whole Loan.
“Balloon Balance” means, with respect to any Mortgage Loan, the principal amount that will be due at maturity (or, in the case of any ARD Loan, at the related Anticipated Repayment Date) for such Mortgage Loan, assuming no payment defaults or principal prepayments.
“Cash Flow Analysis” is, with respect to one or more of the Mortgaged Properties securing a Mortgage Loan among the 15 largest Mortgage Loans or groups of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans, a summary presentation of certain adjusted historical financial information provided by the related borrower, and a calculation of the Underwritten
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Net Cash Flow expressed as (a) “Effective Gross Income” minus (b) “Total Operating Expenses” and underwritten replacement reserves and (if applicable) tenant improvements and leasing commissions. For this purpose:
· | “Effective Gross Income” means, with respect to any Mortgaged Property, the revenue derived from the use and operation of that property, less allowances for vacancies, concessions and credit losses. The “revenue” component of such calculation was generally determined on the basis of the information described with respect to the “revenue” component described under “Underwritten Net Cash Flow” below. In general, any non-recurring revenue items and non-property related revenue are eliminated from the calculation of Effective Gross Income. |
· | “Total Operating Expenses” means, with respect to any Mortgaged Property, all operating expenses associated with that property, including, but not limited to, utilities, administrative expenses, repairs and maintenance, management fees, advertising costs, insurance premiums, real estate taxes and (if applicable) ground rent. Such expenses were generally determined on the basis of the same information as the “expense” component described under “Underwritten Net Cash Flow” below. |
To the extent available, selected historical income, expenses and net income associated with the operation of the related Mortgaged Property securing each Mortgage Loan or group of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans appear in each cash flow summary contained in Annex A-3. Such information is one of the sources (but not the only source) of information on which calculations of Underwritten Net Cash Flow are based. The historical information presented is derived from audited and/or unaudited financial statements provided by the borrowers. The historical information in the cash flow summaries reflects adjustments made by the mortgage loan seller to exclude certain items contained in the related financial statements that were not considered in calculating Underwritten Net Cash Flow and is presented in a different format from the financial statements to show a comparison to the Underwritten Net Cash Flow. In general, solely for purposes of the presentation of historical financial information, the amount set forth under the caption “gross income” consists of the “total revenues” set forth in the applicable financial statements (including (as and to the extent stated) rental revenues, tenant reimbursements and recovery income (and, in the case of hospitality properties and certain other property types, parking income, telephone income, food and beverage income, laundry income and other income), with adjustments to exclude amounts recognized on the financial statements under a straight-line method of recognizing rental income (including increases in minimum rents and rent abatements) from operating leases over their lives and items indicated as extraordinary or one-time revenue collections or considered nonrecurring in property operations. The amount set forth under the caption “expenses” in the historical financial information consists of the total expenses set forth in the applicable financial statements, with adjustments to exclude allocated parent company expenses, restructuring charges and charges associated with employee severance and termination benefits, interest expenses paid to company affiliates or unrelated third parties, charges for depreciation and amortization and items indicated as extraordinary or one-time losses or considered nonrecurring in property operations.
The selected historical information presented in the cash flow summaries is derived from audited and/or unaudited financial statements furnished by the respective borrowers which have not been verified by the depositor, any underwriters, the mortgage loan sellers or any other person. Audits or other verification of such financial statements could result in changes thereto, which could in turn result in the historical net income presented herein being overstated or understated.
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“Cut-off Date Balance” of any Mortgage Loan, will be the unpaid principal balance of that Mortgage Loan, as of the Cut-off Date for such Mortgage Loan, after application of all payments due on or before that date, whether or not received.
An “LTV Ratio” for any Mortgage Loan, as of any date of determination, is a fraction, expressed as a percentage, the numerator of which is the scheduled principal balance of the Mortgage Loan as of that date (assuming no defaults or prepayments on the Mortgage Loan prior to that date), and the denominator of which is the “as is” Appraised Value as determined by an appraisal of the Mortgaged Property obtained at or about the time of the origination of the related Mortgage Loan.
In the event that a Mortgage Loan comprises a portion of a cross-collateralized group of Mortgage Loans, the related LTV Ratio is the fraction, expressed as a percentage, the numerator of which is the scheduled principal balance of all the Mortgage Loans in the cross-collateralized group and the denominator of which is the aggregate of the Appraised Values of all the Mortgaged Properties related to the cross-collateralized group (without regard to any limitation on the amount of indebtedness secured by any Mortgaged Property in such cross-collateralized group). The LTV Ratio as of the related maturity date or, if applicable, the Anticipated Repayment Date, set forth in Annex A-2 was calculated based on the principal balance of the related Mortgage Loan on the related maturity date or Anticipated Repayment Date, as the case may be, assuming all principal payments required to be made on or prior to the related maturity date or, if applicable, the Anticipated Repayment Date (in either case, not including the balloon payment) are made. In addition, because it is based on the value of a Mortgaged Property determined as of loan origination, the information set forth in this prospectus in Annex A-1 and in Annex A-2 is not necessarily a reliable measure of the related borrower’s current equity in each Mortgaged Property. In a declining real estate market, the appraised value of a Mortgaged Property could have decreased from the appraised value determined at origination and the current actual LTV Ratio of a Mortgage Loan and the LTV Ratio at maturity or anticipated repayment date may be higher than its LTV Ratio at origination even after taking into account amortization since origination. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Appraisals May Not Reflect Current or Future Market Value of Each Property”.
In the case of a Mortgage Loan that is part of a Whole Loan unless otherwise indicated, LTV Ratios were calculated with respect to such Mortgage Loan including any related Companion Loan(s) (except, in the case of a Mortgage Loan with a Subordinate Companion Loan, LTV Ratios were calculated without regard to any related Subordinate Companion Loan).
The characteristics described above and in Annex A-2, along with certain additional characteristics of the Mortgage Loans presented on a loan-by-loan basis, are set forth in Annex A-1.
“Cut-off Date Loan-to-Value Ratio” or “Cut-off Date LTV Ratio” generally means the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the Cut-off Date Balance of a Mortgage Loan to the Appraised Value of the related Mortgaged Property or Mortgaged Properties determined as described under “—Appraised Value” in this prospectus. See also the footnotes to Annex A-1 in this prospectus. Because the Appraised Values of the Mortgaged Properties were determined prior to origination, the information set forth in this prospectus, including the Annexes hereto, is not necessarily a reliable measure of property value or the related borrower’s current equity in each Mortgaged Property. In a declining real estate market, the appraised value of a Mortgaged Property may have decreased from the appraised value determined at origination and the current actual cut-off date loan-to-value ratio of a Mortgage Loan may be higher than the Cut-off Date LTV Ratio that we present in this
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prospectus, even after taking into account any amortization since origination. No representation is made that any Appraised Value presented in this prospectus would approximate either the value that would be determined in a current appraisal of the related Mortgaged Property or the amount that would be realized upon a sale of that property. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Appraisals May Not Reflect Current or Future Market Value of Each Property” in this prospectus. In the case of a Mortgage Loan that is part of a Whole Loan, such LTV Ratio was calculated based on the aggregate principal balance of the Pari Passu Mortgage Loan and the related Pari Passu Companion Loan(s) (but excluding any related Subordinate Companion Loan) as of the Cut-off Date. Unless clearly indicated otherwise, the Cut-off Date Loan-to-Value Ratio for each of the Mortgage Loans that is part of any group of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans is calculated on the basis of the aggregate Cut-off Date Balance of all those Mortgage Loans and the aggregate Appraised Value of all the related Mortgaged Properties securing the group (without regard to any limitation on the amount of indebtedness secured by any Mortgaged Property in such cross-collateralized group). On an individual basis, without regard to the cross-collateralization feature, any particular Mortgage Loan that is part of a group of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans may have a higher (and perhaps substantially higher) Cut-off Date LTV Ratio than is shown on Annex A-1.
“Debt Service Coverage Ratio”, “DSCR”, “Underwritten Debt Service Coverage Ratio” “U/W NCF DSCR” or “U/W DSCR” generally means the ratio of the Underwritten Net Cash Flow for the related Mortgaged Property or Mortgaged Properties to the Annual Debt Service as shown on Annex A-1.
In the case of a Mortgage Loan that is part of a Whole Loan, such debt service coverage ratio was calculated based on the aggregate Annual Debt Service of the Pari Passu Mortgage Loan and the related Pari Passu Companion Loan(s) (but excluding any related Subordinate Companion Loan).
Unless clearly indicated otherwise, the Underwritten Debt Service Coverage Ratio for each of the Mortgage Loans that is part of any group of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans is calculated on the basis of the aggregate Underwritten Net Cash Flow generated by all the Mortgaged Properties securing the group and the aggregate Annual Debt Service payable under all of those Mortgage Loans (without regard to any limitation on the amount of indebtedness secured by any Mortgaged Property in such cross-collateralized group). On an individual basis, without regard to the cross-collateralization feature, any particular Mortgage Loan that is part of a group of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans may have a lower (and perhaps substantially lower) Underwritten Debt Service Coverage Ratio than is shown on Annex A-1.
In general, debt service coverage ratios are used by income property lenders to measure the ratio of (a) cash currently generated by a property or expected to be generated by a property based upon executed leases that is available for debt service to (b) required debt service payments. However, debt service coverage ratios only measure the current, or recent, ability of a property to service mortgage debt. If a property does not possess a stable operating expectancy (for instance, if it is subject to material leases that are scheduled to expire during the loan term and that provide for above-market rents and/or that may be difficult to replace), a debt service coverage ratio may not be a reliable indicator of a property’s ability to service the mortgage debt over the entire remaining loan term. See the definition of “Underwritten Net Cash Flow” below.
The Underwritten Debt Service Coverage Ratios presented in this prospectus appear for illustrative purposes only and, as discussed above, are limited in their usefulness in assessing the current, or predicting the future, ability of a Mortgaged Property or Mortgaged
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Properties to generate sufficient cash flow to repay the related Mortgage Loan. No representation is made that the Underwritten Debt Service Coverage Ratios presented in this prospectus accurately reflect that ability.
“GLA” means gross leasable area.
“In-Place Cash Management” means, for funds directed into a lockbox, such funds are generally not made immediately available to the related borrower, but instead are forwarded to a cash management account controlled by the lender and the funds are disbursed according to the related Mortgage Loan documents with any excess remitted to the related borrower (unless an event of default under the Mortgage Loan documents or one or more specified trigger events have occurred and are outstanding) generally on a daily basis.
“Loan Per Unit” means the principal balance per unit of measure (as applicable) as of the Cut-off Date. With respect to any Mortgage Loan that is part of a split loan structure, the Loan Per Unit is calculated with regard to both the related Pari Passu Companion Loan(s) and the related Mortgage Loan included in the issuing entity, but without regard to any related Subordinate Companion Loan, unless otherwise indicated. With respect to any Mortgage Loan contained in any group of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans, the Loan Per Unit is calculated on the basis of the aggregate principal balances of all Mortgage Loans comprising such group.
“LTV Ratio at Maturity or ARD”, “LTV Ratio at Maturity or Anticipated Repayment Date” and “Balloon or ARD LTV Ratio” generally means the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of (a) the principal balance of a balloon Mortgage Loan scheduled to be outstanding on the stated maturity date (or, in the case of an ARD Loan, scheduled to be outstanding on the Anticipated Repayment Date), assuming (among other things) no prepayments or defaults, to (b) the Appraised Value of the related Mortgaged Property or Mortgaged Properties determined as described under “—Appraised Value”. Each Mortgage Loan requires that a regular monthly debt service payment be made on the stated maturity date or Anticipated Repayment Date, as applicable, and accordingly the principal balance referenced in clause (a) of the immediately preceding sentence will be net of the principal portion, if any, of the monthly debt service payment due on such date. Because the Appraised Values of the Mortgaged Properties were determined prior to origination, the information set forth in this prospectus, including the Annexes hereto, is not necessarily a reliable measure of the related borrower’s current equity in each Mortgaged Property. In a declining real estate market, the appraised value of a Mortgaged Property may have decreased from the appraised value determined at origination and the actual loan-to-value ratio at maturity of a Mortgage Loan may be higher than the LTV Ratio at Maturity or ARD that we present in this prospectus. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Appraisals May Not Reflect Current or Future Market Value of Each Property” in this prospectus. In the case of each Mortgage Loan that is part of a Whole Loan, unless otherwise indicated, such loan-to-value ratio was calculated based on the aggregate principal balance that will be due at maturity (or, in the case of an ARD Loan, scheduled to be outstanding on the Anticipated Repayment Date) with respect to such Pari Passu Mortgage Loan and the related Pari Passu Companion Loan(s). In the case of a Mortgage Loan with one or more related Subordinate Companion Loans, Loan-to-Value Ratios at Maturity or ARD were calculated without regard to any related Subordinate Companion Loan. Unless clearly indicated otherwise, the LTV Ratio at Maturity or ARD for each of the Mortgage Loans that is part of any group of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans is calculated on the basis of the aggregate principal balance of all those Mortgage Loans scheduled to be outstanding on the stated maturity date, assuming (among other things) no prepayments or defaults, and the aggregate Appraised Value of all the related Mortgaged Properties securing the group (without regard to any
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limitation on the amount of indebtedness secured by any Mortgaged Property in such cross-collateralized group). On an individual basis, without regard to the cross-collateralization feature, any particular Mortgage Loan that is part of a group of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans may have a higher (and perhaps, substantially higher) LTV Ratio at Maturity or ARD than is shown on Annex A-1.
“Maturity Date Balloon or ARD Payment” or “Balloon or ARD Payment” means, for any balloon Mortgage Loan or ARD Loan, the payment of principal due upon its stated maturity date or Anticipated Repayment Date. Each Mortgage Loan requires that a regular monthly debt service payment be made on the stated maturity date or Anticipated Repayment Date, as applicable, and accordingly the payment of principal referenced in the immediately preceding sentence will be net of the principal portion, if any, of the monthly debt service payment due on such date.
“Net Operating Income” generally means, for any given period (ending on the “NOI Date”), the total operating revenues derived from a Mortgaged Property during that period, minus the total operating expenses incurred in respect of that Mortgaged Property during that period other than:
· | non-cash items such as depreciation and amortization, |
· | capital expenditures, and |
· | debt service on the related Mortgage Loan or on any other loans that are secured by that Mortgaged Property. |
“NRA” means net rentable area.
“Occupancy Rate” means (i) in the case of multifamily rental properties and manufactured housing community properties, the percentage of rental units or pads, as applicable, that are rented (generally without regard to the length of the lease or rental period) as of the date of determination; (ii) in the case of office, retail and industrial/warehouse properties, the percentage of the net rentable square footage rented as of the date of determination (subject to, in the case of certain Mortgage Loans, one or more of the additional lease-up assumptions); (iii) in the case of hospitality properties, the percentage of available rooms occupied for the trailing 12-month period ending on the date of determination; and (iv) in the case of self storage facilities, either the percentage of the net rentable square footage rented or the percentage of units rented as of the date of determination, depending on borrower reporting. In the case of some of the Mortgage Loans, the calculation of Occupancy Rate for one or more related properties was based on assumptions regarding occupancy, such as: the assumption that a particular tenant at the subject Mortgaged Property that has executed a lease (or, in some cases, a letter of intent to execute a lease), but has not yet taken occupancy and/or has not yet commenced paying rent, will take occupancy on a future date generally expected to occur within 12 months of the Cut-off Date; assumptions regarding the renewal of particular leases and/or the re-leasing of certain space at the subject Mortgaged Property; and certain additional lease-up assumptions as may be described in the footnotes to Annex A-1. For information regarding the determination of the occupancy rates with respect to the 15 largest Mortgage Loans or groups of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans and related Mortgaged Properties, see the individual Mortgage Loan and portfolio descriptions in Annex A-3.
“Occupancy As Of Date” means the date of determination of the Occupancy Rate of a Mortgaged Property.
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“Prepayment Provisions” denotes a general summary of the provisions of a Mortgage Loan that restrict the ability of the related borrower to voluntarily prepay the Mortgage Loan. In each case, some exceptions may apply that are not described in the general summary, such as provisions that permit a voluntary partial prepayment in connection with the release of a portion of a Mortgaged Property, or require the application of tenant holdback reserves to a partial prepayment, in each case notwithstanding any lockout period or yield maintenance charge that may otherwise apply. In describing Prepayment Provisions, we use the following symbols with the indicated meanings:
· | “D(#)”means, with respect to any Mortgage Loan, a specified number of monthly payment periods (which number is denoted by a numeric value #) during which voluntary prepayments of principal are prohibited, but the related borrower is permitted to defease that Mortgage Loan in order to obtain a release of the related Mortgaged Property. |
· | “L(#)”means, with respect to any Mortgage Loan, a specified number of monthly payment periods (which number is denoted by a numeric value #) during which voluntary prepayments of principal are prohibited and defeasance is not permitted. |
· | “O(#)”means, with respect to any Mortgage Loan, a specified number of monthly payment periods (which number is denoted by a numeric value #) during which prepayments of principal are permitted without the payment of any Prepayment Premium or Yield Maintenance Charge and the lender is not entitled to require a defeasance in lieu of prepayment. |
· | “YM(#)”means, with respect to any Mortgage Loan, a specified number of monthly payment periods (which number is denoted by a numeric value #) during which prepayments of principal are permitted with the payment of a Yield Maintenance Charge and the lender is not entitled to require a defeasance in lieu of prepayment. |
· | “D or @%(#)” means, with respect to any Mortgage Loan, a specified number of monthly payment periods (which number is denoted by a numeric value #) during which the related borrower is permitted to defease that Mortgage Loan in order to obtain a release of the related Mortgaged Property and during which prepayments of principal are permitted with the payment of a Prepayment Premium (equal to @% of the prepaid amount). |
· | “D or YM(#)”means, with respect to any Mortgage Loan, a specified number of monthly payment periods (which number is denoted by a numeric value #) during which the related borrower is permitted to defease that Mortgage Loan in order to obtain a release of the related Mortgaged Property and during which prepayments of principal are permitted with the payment of a Yield Maintenance Charge. |
· | “D or GRTR of @% or YM(#)”means, with respect to any Mortgage Loan, a specified number of monthly payment periods (which number is denoted by a numeric value #) during which the related borrower is permitted to defease that Mortgage Loan in order to obtain a release of the related Mortgaged Property and during which prepayments of principal are permitted with the payment of the greater of a Yield Maintenance Charge and a Prepayment Premium (equal to @% of the prepaid amount). |
· | “GRTR of @% or YM(#)”means, with respect to any Mortgage Loan, a specified number of monthly payment periods (which number is denoted by a numeric value #) during which prepayments of principal are permitted with the payment of the |
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greater of a Yield Maintenance Charge and a Prepayment Premium (equal to @% of the prepaid amount) and the lender is not entitled to require a defeasance in lieu of prepayment.
“Remaining Term to Maturity or ARD” means, with respect to any Mortgage Loan, the number of months from the Cut-off Date to the related stated maturity date or Anticipated Repayment Date.
“RevPAR” means, with respect to any hotel property, revenue per available room.
“Square Feet”, “SF” or “Sq. Ft.” means, in the case of a Mortgaged Property operated as a retail center, office, industrial/warehouse facility, any combination of the foregoing or other single purpose property, the square footage of the net rentable or leasable area.
“T-12” and “TTM” each means trailing 12 months.
“Term to Maturity” means, with respect to any Mortgage Loan, the remaining term, in months, from the Cut-off Date for such Mortgage Loan to the related maturity date or, in the case of an ARD Loan, the related Anticipated Repayment Date, as applicable. Annex A-1 indicates which Mortgage Loans are ARD Loans.
“Underwritten Expenses” or “U/W Expenses” means, with respect to any Mortgage Loan or Mortgaged Property, an estimate of (a) operating expenses (such as utilities, administrative expenses, repairs and maintenance, management and franchise fees and advertising); and (b) estimated fixed expenses (such as insurance, real estate taxes and, if applicable, ground, space or air rights lease payments), as determined by the related Mortgage Loan seller and generally derived from historical expenses at the Mortgaged Property, the borrower’s budget or appraiser’s estimate, in some cases adjusted for significant occupancy increases and a market rate management fee and subject to certain assumptions and subjective judgments of each Mortgage Loan seller as described under the definition of “Underwritten Net Operating Income” in this prospectus. Unless clearly indicated otherwise, the Underwritten Net Cash Flow Debt Service Coverage Ratio for each Mortgage Loan that is part of any group of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans is equal to the Underwritten NCF of all the Mortgaged Properties securing the group divided by the aggregate Annual Debt Service of all the Mortgage Loans in the group (without regard to any limitation on the amount of indebtedness secured by any Mortgaged Property in such cross-collateralized group). On an individual basis, without regard to the cross-collateralization feature, any particular Mortgage Loan that is part of a group of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans may have a lower (and perhaps substantially lower) Underwritten Net Cash Flow Debt Service Coverage Ratio than is shown on Annex A-1.
“Underwritten Net Cash Flow”, “Underwritten NCF” or “U/W NCF” means an amount based on assumptions relating to cash flow available for debt service. In general, it is the Underwritten Net Operating Income less all reserves for capital expenditures, including tenant improvement costs and leasing commissions. Underwritten Net Cash Flow generally does not reflect interest expenses, non-cash items such as depreciation and amortization and other non-reoccurring expenses.
In determining the “revenue” component of Underwritten Net Cash Flow for each Mortgaged Property, the related mortgage loan seller generally relied on a rent roll and/or other known, signed tenant leases, executed extension options, property financial statements, estimates in the related appraisal, or other indications of anticipated income (generally supported by market considerations, cash reserves or letters of credit) supplied by the related borrower and, where the actual vacancy shown thereon and, if available, the
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market vacancy was less than 5%, assumed a minimum 5% vacancy in determining revenue from rents (in certain cases, inclusive of rents under master leases with an affiliate of the borrower that relate to space not used or occupied by the master lease tenant, or, in the case of a hotel property, room rent, food and beverage revenues and other hotel property income), except that in the case of certain non-multifamily and non-manufactured housing community properties, space occupied by such anchor or single tenants or other large creditworthy tenants may have been disregarded (or a rate of less than 5% has been assumed) in performing the vacancy adjustment due to the length of the related leases or creditworthiness of such tenants. Where the actual or market vacancy was greater than 5%, the mortgage loan seller determined revenue from rents (in certain cases, inclusive of rents under master leases with an affiliate of the borrower that relate to space not used or occupied by the master lease tenant, or, in the case of a hotel property, room rent, food and beverage revenues and other hotel property income) by generally relying on a rent roll and/or other known, signed leases, executed lease extension options, property financial statements, estimates in the related appraisal, or other indications of anticipated income (generally supported by market considerations, cash reserves or letters of credit) supplied and generally (but not in all cases) the greatest of (a) actual current vacancy at the related Mortgaged Property or a vacancy otherwise based on performance of the related Mortgaged Property (e.g., an economic vacancy based on actual collections for a specified trailing period), (b) if available, current vacancy according to third-party-provided market information or at comparable properties in the same or similar market as the related Mortgaged Property, subject to adjustment to address special considerations (such as where market vacancy may have been ignored with respect to space covered by long-term leases or because it was deemed inapplicable by reason of, among other things, below market rents at or unique characteristics of the subject Mortgaged Property) and/or to reflect the appraiser’s conclusion of a supportable or stabilized occupancy rate, and (c) subject to the discussion above, 5%. In some cases involving a multi-property Mortgage Loan, the foregoing vacancy assumptions may be applied to the portfolio of the related Mortgaged Properties in the entirety, but may not apply to each related Mortgaged Property. In addition, for some Mortgaged Properties, the actual vacancy may reflect the average vacancy over the course of a year (or trailing 12-month period). In determining revenue for multifamily, manufactured housing community and self storage properties, the mortgage loan sellers generally reviewed rental revenue shown on the rolling one-to-twelve month (or some combination thereof) operating statements or annualized the rental revenue and reimbursement of expenses shown on rent rolls or operating statements with respect to the prior one-to-twelve-month periods. In the case of hospitality properties, gross receipts were generally determined based upon the average occupancy not to exceed 80% and daily rates based on third-party-provided market information or average daily rates achieved during the prior one-to-three year annual reporting period.
In determining the “expense” component of Underwritten Net Cash Flow for each Mortgaged Property, the related mortgage loan seller generally relied on, to the extent available, historical operating statements, full-year or year-to-date financial statements, rolling 12-month operating statements, year-to-date financial statements and/or budgets supplied by the related borrower, as well as estimates in the related appraisal, except that: (i) if tax or insurance expense information more current than that reflected in the financial statements was available and verified, the newer information was generally used; (ii) property management fees were generally assumed to be 1% to 6% (depending on the property type) of effective gross revenue (or, in the case of a hospitality property, gross receipts); (iii) in general, depending on the property type, assumptions were made with respect to the average amount of reserves for leasing commissions, tenant improvement expenses and capital expenditures; (iv) expenses were assumed to include annual replacement reserves; and (v) recent changes in circumstances at the Mortgaged Properties
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were taken into account (for example, physical changes that would be expected to reduce utilities costs). Annual replacement reserves were generally underwritten to the suggested replacement reserve amount from an independent, third-party property condition or engineering report, or minimum requirements by property type designated by the mortgage loan seller, and are: (a) in the case of retail, office, self storage and industrial/warehouse properties, generally not more than $0.40 per square foot of net rentable commercial area (and may be zero); (b) in the case of multifamily rental apartments, generally not more than approximately $400 per residential unit per year, depending on the condition of the property (and may be zero); (c) in the case of manufactured housing community properties, generally not more than approximately $80 per pad per year, depending on the condition of the property (and may be zero); and (d) in the case of hospitality properties, generally 4% to 5%, inclusive, of gross revenues (and may be zero). In addition, in some cases, the mortgage loan seller recharacterized as capital expenditures items that are reported by borrowers as operating expenses (thus increasing the “net cash flow”).
Historical operating results may not be available for Mortgaged Properties with newly constructed improvements, Mortgaged Properties with triple-net leases, Mortgaged Properties that have recently undergone substantial renovations and newly acquired Mortgaged Properties. In such cases, items of revenue and expense used in calculating Underwritten Net Cash Flow were generally derived from rent rolls, estimates set forth in the related appraisal, leases with tenants, other third-party-provided market information or from other borrower-supplied information. We cannot assure you with respect to the accuracy of the information provided by any borrowers, or the adequacy of the procedures used by the related mortgage loan seller in determining the presented operating information.
For purposes of calculating Underwritten Net Cash Flow for Mortgage Loans where leases have been executed by one or more affiliates of the borrower, the rents under some of such leases, if applicable, have been adjusted downward to reflect market rents for similar properties if the rent actually paid under the lease was significantly higher than the market rent for similar properties.
The amounts described as revenue and expense above are often highly subjective values. In the case of some of the Mortgage Loans, the calculation of Underwritten Net Cash Flow for the related Mortgaged Properties was based on assumptions regarding projected rental income, expenses and/or occupancy, including, without limitation, one or more of the following: (i) the assumption that a particular tenant at a Mortgaged Property that has executed a lease or letter of intent, but has not yet taken occupancy and/or has not yet commenced paying rent, will take occupancy and commence paying rent on a future date generally expected to occur within 12 months of the cut-off date; (ii) the assumption that certain rental income that is to be payable commencing on a future date under a signed lease, but where the subject tenant is in an initial rent abatement or free rent period, will be paid commencing on such future date; (iii) assumptions regarding the probability of renewal or extension of particular leases and/or the re-leasing of certain space at a Mortgaged Property and the anticipated effect on capital and re-leasing expenditures; (iv) assumptions regarding the costs and expenses, including leasing commissions and tenant improvements, associated with leasing vacant space or releasing occupied space at a future date; and (v) assumptions regarding future increases or decreases in expenses, or whether certain expenses are capital expenses or should be treated as expenses which are not recurring. In addition, in the case of some commercial properties, the underwritten revenues were adjusted upward to account for a portion or average of the additional rents provided for under any rent step-ups scheduled to occur over the terms of the executed leases. We cannot assure you that the assumptions made with respect to any Mortgage Loan will, in
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fact, be consistent with actual property performance. Actual annual net cash flow for a Mortgaged Property may be less than the Underwritten Net Cash Flow presented with respect to that property in this prospectus. In addition, the underwriting analysis of any particular Mortgage Loan as described herein by a particular Mortgage Loan seller may not conform to an analysis of the same property by other persons or entities.
See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Underwritten Net Cash Flow Could Be Based On Incorrect or Failed Assumptions” in this prospectus. See also Annex A-1 and the footnotes thereto.
The “Underwritten Net Cash Flow Debt Service Coverage Ratio” or “U/W NCF DSCR” for any Mortgage Loan for any period, as presented in this prospectus, including the tables presented on Annex A-1 and Annex A-2 attached hereto, is the ratio of Underwritten Net Cash Flow calculated for the related Mortgaged Property to the amount of total Annual Debt Service on such Mortgage Loan except that the Underwritten Net Cash Flow Debt Service Coverage Ratios for all partial interest-only loans, if any, was calculated based on the first principal and interest payment required to be made to the issuing entity during the term of the Mortgage Loan. However, in the case of a Mortgage Loan that is part of a Whole Loan, unless otherwise indicated, such debt service coverage ratio was calculated based on the aggregate Annual Debt Service of the Pari Passu Mortgage Loan and the related Pari Passu Companion Loan(s) as of the Cut-off Date (and, for the avoidance of doubt, without regard to any related Subordinate Companion Loan). The Underwritten Net Cash Flow Debt Service Coverage Ratio for all interest-only loans were calculated based on the sum of the first 12 interest payments following the Cut-off Date.
“Underwritten NCF Debt Yield” or “U/W NCF Debt Yield” generally means, with respect to any Mortgage Loan, the related Underwritten NCF divided by the Cut-off Date Balance of that Mortgage Loan. However, in the case of a Mortgage Loan that is part of a Whole Loan, unless otherwise indicated, such debt yield was calculated based on the aggregate principal balance of the Pari Passu Mortgage Loan and the related Pari Passu Companion Loan(s) (and, for the avoidance of doubt, without regard to any related Subordinate Companion Loan) as of the Cut-off Date. Unless clearly indicated otherwise, the Underwritten NCF Debt Yield for each Mortgage Loan that is part of any group of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans is equal to the Underwritten NCF of all the Mortgaged Properties securing the group divided by the aggregate Initial Pool Balance of all the Mortgage Loans in the group (without regard to any limitation on the amount of indebtedness secured by any Mortgaged Property in such cross-collateralized group). On an individual basis, without regard to the cross-collateralization feature, any particular Mortgage Loan that is part of a group of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans may have a lower (and perhaps substantially lower) Underwritten NCF Debt Yield than is shown on Annex A-1.
No Mortgage Loan included in the Trust has an Underwritten NCF Debt Yield calculated based on the related Cut-off Date Balance less a related earnout or holdback reserve.
“Underwritten Net Operating Income”, “Underwritten NOI” or “U/W NOI” means an amount based on assumptions of the cash flow available for debt service before deductions for capital expenditures, including replacement reserves, tenant improvement costs and leasing commissions. In general, Underwritten Net Operating Income is the assumed revenue derived from the use and operation of a Mortgaged Property, consisting primarily of rental income, less the sum of (a) assumed operating expenses (such as utilities, administrative expenses, repairs and maintenance, management fees and advertising) and (b) fixed expenses, such as insurance, real estate taxes and, if applicable, ground lease payments. Underwritten Net Operating Income is generally estimated in the same manner as Underwritten Net Cash Flow, except that no deduction is made for capital expenditures,
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including replacement reserves, tenant improvement costs and leasing commissions. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Underwritten Net Cash Flow Could Be Based On Incorrect or Failed Assumptions” in this prospectus.
“Underwritten Net Operating Income Debt Service Coverage Ratio” or “U/W NOI DSCR” for any Mortgage Loan for any period, as presented in this prospectus, including the tables presented on Annex A-1 and Annex A-2, is the ratio of Underwritten NOI calculated for the related Mortgaged Property to the amount of total Annual Debt Service on such Mortgage Loan except that the Underwritten Net Operating Income Debt Service Coverage Ratio for all partial interest-only loans, if any, was calculated based on the first principal and interest payment required to be made to the issuing entity during the term of the Mortgage Loan. However, in the case of a Mortgage Loan that is part of a Whole Loan, unless otherwise indicated, such debt service coverage ratio was calculated based on the aggregate Annual Debt Service of the Pari Passu Mortgage Loan and the related Pari Passu Companion Loan(s) (and, for the avoidance of doubt, without regard to any related Subordinate Companion Loan) as of the Cut-off Date. The Underwritten Net Operating Income Debt Service Coverage Ratios for all interest-only Mortgage Loans were calculated based on the sum of the first 12 interest payments following the Cut-off Date. Unless clearly indicated otherwise and as set forth below, the Underwritten Net Operating Income Debt Service Coverage Ratio for each Mortgage Loan that is part of any group of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans is equal to the Underwritten NOI of all the Mortgaged Properties securing the group divided by the aggregate Annual Debt Service of all the Mortgage Loans in the group (without regard to any limitation on the amount of indebtedness secured by any Mortgaged Property in such cross-collateralized group). On an individual basis, without regard to the cross-collateralization feature, any particular Mortgage Loan that is part of a group of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans may have a lower (and perhaps substantially lower) Underwritten Net Operating Income Debt Service Coverage Ratio than is shown on Annex A-1.
“Underwritten NOI Debt Yield” or “U/W NOI Debt Yield” means, with respect to any Mortgage Loan, the related Underwritten NOI divided by the Cut-off Date Balance of that Mortgage Loan. In the case of a Mortgage Loan that is part of a Whole Loan, unless otherwise indicated, such debt yield was calculated based on the aggregate principal balance of the Pari Passu Mortgage Loan and the related Pari Passu Companion Loan(s) (and, for the avoidance of doubt, without regard to any related Subordinate Companion Loan) as of the cut-off date. Unless clearly indicated otherwise and as set forth below, the Underwritten NOI Debt Yield for each Mortgage Loan that is part of any group of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans is equal to the Underwritten NOI of all the Mortgaged Properties securing the group divided by the aggregate Cut-off Date Balance of all the Mortgage Loans in the group (without regard to any limitation on the amount of indebtedness secured by any Mortgaged Property in such cross-collateralized group). On an individual basis, without regard to the cross-collateralization feature, any particular Mortgage Loan that is part of a group of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans may have a lower (and perhaps substantially lower) Underwritten NOI Debt Yield than is shown on Annex A-1.
“Underwritten Revenues” or “U/W Revenues” with respect to any Mortgage Loan means the gross potential rent (in certain cases, inclusive of rents under master leases with an affiliate of the borrower that relate to space not used or occupied by the master lease tenant, or, in the case of a hotel property, room rent, food and beverage revenues and other hotel property income), subject to the assumptions and subjective judgments of each mortgage loan seller as described under the definition of “Underwritten Net Operating Income” above.
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“Units”, “Rooms” or “Pads” means (a) in the case of a Mortgaged Property operated as multifamily housing, the number of apartments, regardless of the size of or number of rooms in such apartment, (b) in the case of a Mortgaged Property operated as a hotel property, the number of guest rooms, or (c) in the case of a Mortgaged Property operated as a manufactured housing community property, the number of pads for manufactured homes.
“Weighted Average Mortgage Rate” means the weighted average of the Mortgage Rates as of the Cut-off Date.
You should review the footnotes to Annex A-1 in this prospectus for information regarding certain other loan-specific adjustments regarding the calculation of debt service coverage ratio information, loan-to-value ratio information, debt yield information and/or loan per net rentable square foot or unit with respect to certain of the Mortgage Loans.
Except as otherwise specifically stated, the Cut-off Date LTV Ratio, Underwritten Debt Service Coverage Ratio, LTV Ratio at Maturity or ARD, Underwritten NCF Debt Yield, Underwritten NOI Debt Yield and loan per net rentable square foot or unit statistics with respect to each Mortgage Loan are calculated and presented without regard to any indebtedness other than the Mortgage Loan, whether or not secured by the related Mortgaged Property, ownership interests in the related borrower or otherwise, that currently exists or that may be incurred by the related borrower or its owners in the future.
References to “Weighted Averages” of the Mortgage Loans in the Mortgage Pool or any particular sub-group of the mortgage loans are references to averages weighted on the basis of the Cut-off Date Balances of the subject Mortgage Loans.
If we present a debt rating for some tenants and not others in the tables, you should assume that the other tenants are not rated and/or have below-investment grade ratings. If a tenant has a rated parent or affiliate, we present the rating of that parent or affiliate, notwithstanding that the parent or affiliate may itself have no obligations under the lease. Presentation of a rating opposite a tenant should not be construed as a statement that the relevant tenant will perform or be able to perform its obligations.
The sum in any column of any of the tables in Annex A-2 may not equal the indicated total due to rounding.
Historical information presented in this prospectus, including information in Annexes A-1 and A-3, is derived from audited and/or unaudited financial statements provided by the borrowers. In each case, the historical information is taken from the same source with respect to a Mortgage Loan and subject to the same adjustments and considerations as described above with respect to the 15 largest Mortgage Loans or groups of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans under the definition of “Cash Flow Analysis”.
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Mortgage Pool Characteristics
Overview
Cut-off Date Mortgage Loan Characteristics
All Mortgage Loans | ||
Initial Pool Balance(1) | $870,557,680 | |
Number of Mortgage Loans | 40 | |
Number of Mortgaged Properties | 46 | |
Number of crossed loans | 2 | |
Crossed loans as a percentage | 3.0% | |
Range of Cut-off Date Balances | $2,884,226 to $80,000,000 | |
Average Cut-off Date Balance | $21,763,942 | |
Range of Mortgage Rates | 2.798% to 5.320% | |
Weighted average Mortgage Rate | 4.289% | |
Range of original terms to maturity(2) | 120 months to 180 months | |
Weighted average original term to maturity(2) | 120 months | |
Range of remaining terms to maturity(2) | 109 months to 179 months | |
Weighted average remaining term to maturity(2) | 119 months | |
Range of original amortization terms(3) | 120 months to 360 months | |
Weighted average original amortization term(3) | 345 months | |
Range of remaining amortization terms(3) | 119 months to 360 months | |
Weighted average remaining amortization term(3) | 344 months | |
Range of Cut-off Date LTV Ratios(4) | 34.8% to 74.7% | |
Weighted average Cut-off Date LTV Ratio(4) | 55.6% | |
Range of LTV Ratios as of the maturity date(2)(4) | 0.2% to 67.6% | |
Weighted average LTV Ratio as of the maturity date(2)(4) | 48.9% | |
Range of U/W NCF DSCRs(4)(5) | 1.25x to 6.28x | |
Weighted average U/W NCF DSCR(4)(5) | 2.35x | |
Range of U/W NOI Debt Yields(4) | 7.2% to 18.1% | |
Weighted average U/W NOI Debt Yield(4) | 12.2% | |
Percentage of Initial Pool Balance consisting of: | ||
Amortizing Balloon | 33.0% | |
Interest-only, Amortizing Balloon | 28.9% | |
Interest-only, Balloon | 28.3% | |
Interest-only, ARD | 9.2% | |
Fully Amortizing | 0.6% |
(1) | Subject to a permitted variance of plus or minus 5%. |
(2) | With respect to one (1) Mortgage Loan with an Anticipated Repayment Date, identified on Annex A-1 as Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ, representing approximately 9.2% of the Initial Pool Balance, calculated as of the related Anticipated Repayment Date. |
(3) | Excludes twelve (12) Mortgage Loans identified on Annex A-1 as The Shops at Crystals, Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ, Pinnacle II, 633 Third Avenue – Retail Condo, FedEx-Atlanta, GA, FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL, FedEx – Fife, WA, So Cal Self Storage – Northridge, FedEx Ground – South Bend, IN, So Cal Self Storage – Rancho Santa Margarita, FedEx – Boulder, CO and So Cal Self Storage – Camarillo, representing approximately 37.5% of the Initial Pool Balance, that are interest only for the entire term or until the Anticipated Repayment Date, as applicable. |
(4) | In the case of ten (10) Mortgage Loans identified on Annex A-1 as The Shops at Crystals, Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ, One Stamford Forum, Pinnacle II, Simon Premium Outlets, One Penn Center, FedEx – Atlanta, GA, FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL, FedEx – Fife, WA and FedEx – Boulder, CO, representing approximately 45.9% of the Initial Pool Balance, each of which has one or more pari passu companion loans and/or subordinate companion loans that are not included in the issuing entity, the debt service coverage ratio, loan-to-value ratio and debt yield have been calculated including the related pari passu companion loan(s) but excluding any related subordinate companion loan. With respect to the mortgage loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as The Shops at Crystals, representing approximately 9.2% of the Initial Pool Balance, the related loan-to-value ratio as of the cut-off date and underwritten net cash flow debt service coverage ratio calculated to include the related subordinate companion loans are 50.0% and 2.28x, respectively. In general, when a Mortgage Loan is cross-collateralized and cross-defaulted with one or more other Mortgage Loans, we present loan-to-value ratio, debt service coverage ratio and debt yield information for |
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the cross-collateralized group on an aggregate basis in the manner described in this prospectus (without regard to the limitation on the amount of indebtedness secured by the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Mortgaged Property). On an individual basis, without regard to the cross-collateralization feature, any Mortgage Loan that is part of a cross-collateralized group of Mortgage Loans may have a higher loan-to-value ratio, lower debt service coverage ratio and/or lower debt yield than is presented in this prospectus.
(5) | Debt service coverage ratios are calculated using the average of the principal and interest payments for the first twelve payment periods of the mortgage loan following the Cut-off Date; provided that (i) in the case of a mortgage loan that provides for interest-only payments through maturity or its Anticipated Repayment Date, as applicable, such items are calculated based on the interest payments scheduled to be due on the first due date following the Cut-off Date and the 11 due dates thereafter for such Mortgage Loan and (ii) in the case of a Mortgage Loan that provides for an initial interest-only period that ends prior to maturity or its Anticipated Repayment Date, as applicable, and provides for scheduled amortization payments thereafter, such items are calculated based on the monthly payment of principal and interest payable for the 12 payment periods immediately following the expiration of the interest-only period. |
The issuing entity will include six (6) Mortgage Loans, representing approximately 12.4% of the Initial Pool Balance, that represent the obligations of multiple borrowers that are liable on a joint and several basis for the repayment of the entire indebtedness evidenced by the related Mortgage Loans.
See also “—Certain Calculations and Definitions” above for important general and specific information regarding the manner of calculation of the underwritten debt service coverage ratios and loan-to-value ratios. See also “—Certain Terms of the Mortgage Loans” below for important information relating to certain payment and other terms of the Mortgage Loans.
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Property Types
The table below shows the property type concentrations of the Mortgaged Properties:
Property Type Distribution(1)
Property Type | Number of Mortgaged Properties | Aggregate Cut-off Date Balance(1) | Approx. % of Initial Pool Balance | |||||
Office | 6 | $ 274,817,864 | 31.6 | % | ||||
CBD | 4 | 226,387,864 | 26.0 | |||||
Suburban | 2 | 48,430,000 | 5.6 | |||||
Retail | 12 | 227,651,163 | 26.2 | |||||
Anchored | 6 | 174,484,545 | 20.0 | |||||
Outlet Center | 3 | 37,399,290 | 4.3 | |||||
Unanchored | 2 | 10,800,000 | 1.2 | |||||
Single Tenant | 1 | 4,967,328 | 0.6 | |||||
Hospitality | 4 | 132,716,042 | 15.2 | |||||
Full Service | 2 | 95,000,000 | 10.9 | |||||
Select Service | 1 | 18,979,809 | 2.2 | |||||
Extended Stay | 1 | 18,736,233 | 2.2 | |||||
Industrial | 9 | 97,726,721 | 11.2 | |||||
Warehouse Distribution | 5 | 66,887,500 | 7.7 | |||||
Flex | 4 | 30,839,221 | 3.5 | |||||
Mixed Use | 2 | 59,000,000 | 6.8 | |||||
Office/Self Storage | 1 | 40,000,000 | 4.6 | |||||
Office/Retail | 1 | 19,000,000 | 2.2 | |||||
Self Storage | 9 | 57,561,757 | 6.6 | |||||
Self Storage | 9 | 57,561,757 | 6.6 | |||||
Multifamily | 1 | 11,184,133 | 1.3 | |||||
Garden | 1 | 11,184,133 | 1.3 | |||||
Manufactured Housing Community | 3 | 9,900,000 | 1.1 | |||||
Manufactured Housing Community | 3 | 9,900,000 | 1.1 | |||||
Total | 46 | $ 870,557,680 | 100.0 | % |
(1) | Because this table presents information relating to Mortgaged Properties and not Mortgage Loans, the information for Mortgage Loans secured by more than one Mortgaged Property is based on allocated loan amounts as set forth in Annex A-1. |
Office Properties
In the case of the office properties and mixed use properties with office components set forth in the above chart, we note the following:
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ, representing approximately 9.2% of the Initial Pool Balance, Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated (“Vertex Pharmaceuticals”) leases all of the office, laboratory, mechanical and storage space at the Mortgaged Property. Approximately 15.2% of the square feet leased to Vertex Pharmaceuticals is mechanical space. According to the appraisal, it is market standard that laboratory tenants pay full rent for all mechanical areas. If the Mortgaged Property were to be converted to a multi-tenant office use in the future, it is likely that the net rentable area of the Mortgaged Property would be reduced by the amount of the mechanical areas. In addition, the Mortgaged |
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Property was built to suit for the sole tenant, and as a result, it may be more difficult to refit such Mortgaged Property for, or relet such Mortgaged Property to, another tenant than would be the case for a property with a more standard office construction.
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Aurora Office Building, representing approximately 3.7% of the Initial Pool Balance, the appraisal concluded to a market rent of $17.00 per square foot; however, the underwritten annual base rent of the sole tenant, Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation (“Northrop Grumman Systems”), is $21.48 per square foot; accordingly the sole tenant’s rent is above market. In addition, the sole tenant performs work for government, including military, programs, and the Mortgaged Property is located in proximity to a military base. As a result, the related Mortgage Loan may be adversely affected by any reduction in funding for government or military programs generally or such facility specifically. The sole tenant also leases a 103,808 square foot building across the street from the Mortgaged Property. The Mortgaged Property was built to suit for a predecessor company of the sole tenant, and includes a 351-seat auditorium, 18,000 square feet of raised floor data center space, substantial fiber optic and data connectivity, high security, uninterrupted power supply systems and extensive HVAC systems to support the data center space. Accordingly, it may be more difficult to refit such Mortgaged Property for, or relet such Mortgaged Property to, another tenant than would be the case for a property with a more standard office construction. |
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as 420 East Third Street, representing approximately 2.2% of the Initial Pool Balance, four of the ten floors at the related Mortgaged Property are comprised of a parking structure. Parking revenue represents approximately 17% of the Underwritten Revenue at such Mortgaged Property, of which approximately 70% of such underwritten parking revenue is derived from monthly parking by tenants at the Mortgaged Property or other nearby properties, approximately 20% is from transient parking and approximately 10% is from parking coupons. |
See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Office Properties Have Special Risks”.
Retail Properties
In the case of the retail properties and mixed use properties with retail components set forth in the above chart, we note the following:
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loans secured by the Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as The Shops at Crystals and Simon Premium Outlets, collectively representing approximately 13.5% of the Initial Pool Balance, the Mortgage Loan documents permit each borrower to make alterations to the related Mortgaged Property for which the total unpaid “hard cost” construction costs may exceed the threshold amount set forth in the Mortgage Loan documents, provided the related borrower delivers to the lender as security for the payment of such amounts, among other things (i) a letter of credit or (ii) (a) with respect to The Shops at Crystals, a guaranty from certain affiliates of the existing guarantors or a guarantor that has a net worth amount of at least five times the full cost of any such alterations and liquid assets of at least 120% of the total reasonably estimated costs then remaining to complete any alterations that are then the subject of any |
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such guaranty or (b) with respect to Simon Premium Outlets, a guaranty from the existing guarantor or a guarantor reasonably acceptable to the lender.
See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Retail Properties Have Special Risks”, and “—Some Mortgaged Properties May Not Be Readily Convertible to Alternative Uses” in this prospectus, and “—Specialty Use Concentrations” below.
Hotel Properties
In the case of the hotel properties set forth in the above chart, we note the following:
· | With respect to four (4) Mortgage Loans secured by the Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as Renaissance Dallas, Hilton Long Island Huntington, Courtyard Marriott – Baldwin Park and Homewood Suites Del Mar, collectively representing approximately 15.2% of the Initial Pool Balance, such Mortgaged Properties are flagged hotel properties that are affiliated with a franchise or hotel management company through a franchise or management agreement. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Risks Relating to Affiliation with a Franchise or Hotel Management Company”. |
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Renaissance Dallas, representing approximately 6.9% of the Initial Pool Balance, approximately 41.3% of effective gross income is derived from food and beverage revenue. |
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Hilton Long Island Huntington, representing approximately 4.0% of the Initial Pool Balance, approximately 34.6% of effective gross income is derived from food and beverage revenue. |
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Courtyard Marriott - Baldwin Park, representing approximately 2.2% of the Initial Pool Balance, three hotels are under construction in the area in which the Mortgaged Property is located, which are expected to fully compete with the Mortgaged Property, and are comprised of the 133-room Hilton Garden Inn El Monte, expected to open in late 2016, the 288-room Sheraton San Gabriel, expected to be completed in the fourth quarter of 2017 and a 225-room Hyatt Place San Gabriel, which is expected to open in mid-2017. |
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The following table shows the breakdown of each Mortgaged Property associated with a hotel brand through a license agreement, franchise agreement, operating agreement or management agreement.
Mortgaged Property | Mortgage Loan Cut-off Date | Percentage (%) of | Expiration/Termination | Maturity Date | ||||
Renaissance Dallas | $ 60,000,000 | 6.9% | 7/27/2026 | 6/11/2026 | ||||
Hilton Long Island Huntington | $ 35,000,000 | 4.0% | 7/31/2036 | 8/1/2026 | ||||
Courtyard Marriott – Baldwin Park | $ 18,979,809 | 2.2% | 12/24/2024 | 7/1/2026 | ||||
Homewood Suites Del Mar | $ 18,736,233 | 2.2% | 1/4/2023 | 5/11/2026 |
See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Hotel Properties Have Special Risks”, “—Risks Relating to Affiliation with a Franchise or Hotel Management Company”, “—Some Mortgaged Properties May Not Be Readily Convertible to Alternative Uses” in this prospectus as well as “—Specialty Use Concentrations”.
Industrial Properties
In the case of the industrial properties set forth in the above chart, we note the following:
· | One (1) Mortgage Loan secured by one (1) Mortgaged Property, identified on Annex A-1 as La Crosse Industrial, representing approximately 1.8% of the Initial Pool Balance, includes one or more tenants that operates its space as a trucking company, an automobile repair and servicing company or boat repair company. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Adverse Environmental Conditions at or Near Mortgaged Properties May Result in Losses” in this prospectus. |
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loans secured by the Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as FedEx – Atlanta, GA, FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL, FedEx – Fife, WA, FedEx Ground – South Bend, IN and FedEx – Boulder, CO, representing approximately 1.6%, 1.4%, 2.3%, 1.3% and 1.1%, respectively, of the Initial Pool Balance, each such Mortgaged Property is being used as a FedEx distribution facility and has been constructed specifically for that purpose. In particular, FedEx’s material handling system is specific to FedEx’s use. Accordingly, such Mortgaged Properties may not be easily converted to an alternate use. |
Mixed Use Properties
In the case of the mixed use properties set forth in the above chart, we note the following:
· | Each such mixed use Mortgaged Property has one or more office, self-storage and retail components. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Office Properties Have Special Risks”, “—Self-Storage Properties Have Special Risks” and “—Retail Properties Have Special Risks”, as applicable. |
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Certain of the mixed use Mortgaged Properties may have specialty uses. See “—Specialty Use Concentrations” below.
See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Some Mortgaged Properties May Not Be Readily Convertible to Alternative Uses”.
Manufactured Housing Community Properties
In the case of the manufactured housing community properties set forth in the above chart, we note the following:
· | One (1) Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Dallas MHC Portfolio – Forest Acres MHC and RV Park, representing approximately 0.5% of the Initial Pool Balance, is a recreational vehicle resort or has 20% or more of the Mortgaged Property that is intended for short-term recreational vehicle hook-ups. |
See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Manufactured Housing Community Properties Have Special Risks”, “—Some Mortgaged Properties May Not be Readily Convertible to Alternative Uses” in this prospectus, and “—Specialty Use Concentrations” below.
Specialty Use Concentrations
Certain Mortgaged Properties have one of the 5 largest tenants by net rentable area that operates its space as a specialty use that may not allow the space to be readily converted to be suitable for another type of tenant, as set forth in the following table.
Specialty Use | Number of | Approx. % of Initial | |||
Medical/laboratory(1) | 5 | 15.0 | % | ||
Restaurant(2) | 4 | 11.9 | % | ||
Bank branch(3) | 4 | 8.1 | % | ||
Gym, fitness center or a health club(4) | 2 | 4.1 | % | ||
Theater(5) | 1 | 3.3 | % | ||
Parking garages/accounts(6) | 1 | 2.2 | % |
(1) | Includes the Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ, 420 East Third Street, Southland Terrace Shopping Center, Nassau Bay Town Square and West Crossing Shopping Center. |
(2) | Includes the Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ, Nassau Bay Town Square, South Main Shopping Center and West Crossing Shopping Center. |
(3) | Includes the Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as 633 Third Avenue – Retail Condo, 420 East Third Street, Nassau Bay Town Square and South Main Shopping Center. |
(4) | Includes the Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as 633 Third Avenue – Retail Condo and Lakeview Commerce Center. |
(5) | Includes the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Riverside University Village. |
(6) | Includes the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as 420 East Third Street. |
In addition, with respect to the Mortgage Loans secured by the Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as La Crosse Industrial and Southland Terrace Shopping Center, representing approximately 3.4% of the Initial Pool Balance, each such Mortgaged Property includes one or more tenants that is an on-site gas station or automobile repair and servicing company.
See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Some Mortgaged Properties May Not Be Readily Convertible to Alternative Uses”.
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Mortgage Loan Concentrations
Top Fifteen Mortgage Loans or Groups of Cross-Collateralized Mortgage Loans
The following table shows certain information regarding the 15 largest Mortgage Loans or groups of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans by Cut-off Date Balance:
Loan Name | Mortgage Loan | Approx. Balance | Loan | U/W | Cut-off | Property | ||||||||
The Shops at Crystals | $80,000,000 | 9.2 | % | $1,459 | 3.28x | 34.8 | % | Retail | ||||||
Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ | $80,000,000 | 9.2 | % | $375 | 6.28x | 35.5 | % | Office | ||||||
One Stamford Forum | $71,387,864 | 8.2 | % | $218 | 1.55x | 48.4 | % | Office | ||||||
Renaissance Dallas | $60,000,000 | 6.9 | % | $116,732 | 2.16x | 50.5 | % | Hospitality | ||||||
Pinnacle II | $40,000,000 | 4.6 | % | $378 | 1.96x | 61.3 | % | Office | ||||||
Brewers Hill | $40,000,000 | 4.6 | % | $105 | 1.40x | 69.0 | % | Mixed Use | ||||||
Simon Premium Outlets | $37,399,290 | 4.3 | % | $134 | 2.55x | 46.8 | % | Retail | ||||||
One Penn Center | $35,000,000 | 4.0 | % | $99 | 1.26x | 74.7 | % | Office | ||||||
Hilton Long Island Huntington | $35,000,000 | 4.0 | % | $114,754 | 2.08x | 66.9 | % | Hospitality | ||||||
Aurora Office Building | $32,600,000 | 3.7 | % | $178 | 1.80x | 67.4 | % | Office | ||||||
633 Third Avenue – Retail Condo | $32,000,000 | 3.7 | % | $791 | 1.56x | 64.0 | % | Retail | ||||||
Riverside University Village | $29,013,042 | 3.3 | % | $161 | 1.34x | 61.0 | % | Retail | ||||||
FedEx – Atlanta, GA(2) | $14,200,000 | 1.6 | % | $97 | 2.40x | 54.3 | % | Industrial | ||||||
FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL(2) | $11,837,500 | 1.4 | % | $97 | 2.40x | 54.3 | % | Industrial | ||||||
FedEx – Fife, WA | $20,125,000 | 2.3 | % | $129 | 2.43x | 54.4 | % | Industrial | ||||||
420 East Third Street | $19,000,000 | 2.2 | % | $164 | 1.96x | 54.3 | % | Mixed Use | ||||||
Top 3 Total/Weighted Average | $231,387,864 | 26.6 | % | 3.78x | 39.2 | % | ||||||||
Top 5 Total/Weighted Average | $331,387,864 | 38.1 | % | 3.27x | 43.9 | % | ||||||||
Top 15 Total/Weighted Average | $637,562,696 | 73.2 | % | 2.58x | 52.7 | % |
(1) | In the case of each of the Mortgage Loans that is part of a Whole Loan, the calculation of the Loan per Unit, U/W NCF DSCR and Cut-off Date LTV Ratio for each such Mortgage Loan is calculated based on the principal balance, debt service payment and Underwritten Net Cash Flow for the Mortgage Loan included in the issuing entity and the related Pari Passu Companion Loan in the aggregate. In general, when a Mortgage Loan is cross-collateralized and cross-defaulted with one or more other Mortgage Loans, we present loan-to-value ratio, debt service coverage ratio and debt yield information for the cross-collateralized group on an aggregate basis in the manner described in this prospectus (without regard to any limitation on the amount of indebtedness secured by any Mortgaged Property in such cross-collateralized group). On an individual basis, without regard to the cross-collateralization feature, any Mortgage Loan that is part of a cross-collateralized group of Mortgage Loans may have a higher loan-to-value ratio, lower debt service coverage ratio and/or lower debt yield than is presented in this prospectus. |
(2) | The Mortgage Loans secured by such Mortgaged Properties are cross-collateralized. |
See “—Assessment of Property Value and Condition” below for additional information.
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For more information regarding the 15 largest Mortgage Loans or groups of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans and/or loan concentrations and related Mortgaged Properties, see the individual Mortgage Loan and portfolio descriptions in Annex A-3. Other than with respect to the top 15 Mortgage Loans or groups of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans identified in the table above, each of the other Mortgage Loans represents no more than 2.2% of the Initial Pool Balance.
See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Concentrations Based on Property Type, Geography, Related Borrowers and Other Factors May Disproportionately Increase Losses”.
Cross-Collateralized Mortgage Loans; Multi-Property Mortgage Loans and Related Borrower Mortgage Loans
Certain Mortgage Loans set forth in the table below, collectively representing approximately 9.5% of the Initial Pool Balance, are each secured by two or more properties. The Mortgage Pool also includes certain Mortgage Loans that are cross-collateralized and cross-defaulted with one another, collectively representing approximately 3.0% of the Initial Pool Balance. In some cases, however, the amount of the mortgage lien encumbering a particular property or group of those properties may be less than the full amount of indebtedness under the Mortgage Loan, generally to minimize recording tax. In such instances, the mortgage amount may equal a specified percentage (generally ranging from 100% to 150%, inclusive) of the appraised value or allocated loan amount for the particular Mortgaged Property. This would limit the extent to which proceeds from that property would be available to offset declines in value of the other Mortgaged Properties securing the same Mortgage Loan or group of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans.
The table below shows each individual Mortgage Loan that is secured by two or more Mortgaged Properties and each group of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans.
Cross-Collateralized/Multi-Property Mortgage Loans(1)
Mortgage Loan/Property | Multi-Property Loan or | Aggregate Cut-off | Approx. % of | ||||||
Simon Premium Outlets | Multiproperty | $ | 37,399,290 | 4.3 | % | ||||
FedEx – Atlanta, GA and FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL(2) | Cross-Collateralized Group | 26,037,500 | 3.0 | ||||||
Dallas MHC Portfolio | Multiproperty | 9,900,000 | 1.1 | ||||||
Lakeview and Creek Run Business Park | Multiproperty | 6,542,268 | 0.8 | ||||||
NC Storage Center Portfolio | Multiproperty | 2,884,226 | 0.3 | ||||||
Total | $ | 82,763,284 | 9.5 | % |
(1) | Total may not equal the sum of such amounts listed due to rounding. |
(2) | The indebtedness secured by the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Mortgaged Property pursuant to the cross-collateralization agreement is limited to $29,593,750. |
In some cases, an individual Mortgaged Property may be comprised of two or more parcels that may not be contiguous or may be owned by separate borrowers. For example:
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Brewers Hill, representing approximately 4.6% of the Initial Pool |
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Balance, the related Mortgaged Property is comprised of three separate parcels, each of which is owned by a separate borrower. |
Three (3) groups of Mortgage Loans, set forth in the table below entitled “Related Borrower Loans (Other than Cross-Collateralized Groups)”, collectively representing approximately 23.0% of the Initial Pool Balance, are not cross-collateralized but have borrower sponsors related to each other, but no group of Mortgage Loans having borrower sponsors that are related to each other represents more than approximately 13.5% of the Initial Pool Balance.
The following table shows each group of Mortgage Loans having borrowers that are related to each other. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Concentrations Based on Property Type, Geography, Related Borrowers and Other Factors May Disproportionately Increase Losses” in addition to Annex A-1 and the related footnotes.
Related Borrower Loans (Other than Cross-Collateralized Groups)(1)
Mortgage Loan Names | Number of | Aggregate Cut-off | Approx. % of Initial | |||||
Group 1: | ||||||||
The Shops at Crystals | 1 | $80,000,000 | 9.2 | % | ||||
Simon Premium Outlets | 3 | 37,399,290 | 4.3 | |||||
Total for Group 1 | 4 | $117,399,290 | 13.5 | % | ||||
Group 2: | ||||||||
FedEx – Atlanta, GA(2) | 1 | $14,200,000 | 1.6 | % | ||||
FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL(2) | 1 | 11,837,500 | 1.4 | |||||
FedEx – Fife, WA | 1 | 20,125,000 | 2.3 | |||||
FedEx – Boulder, CO | 1 | 9,225,000 | 1.1 | |||||
Total for Group 2: | 4 | $55,387,500 | 6.4 | % | ||||
Group 3: | ||||||||
So Cal Self Storage – Northridge | 1 | $11,500,000 | 1.3 | % | ||||
So Cal Self Storage – Rancho Santa Margarita | 1 | 9,500,000 | 1.1 | |||||
So Cal Self Storage – Camarillo | 1 | 6,500,000 | 0.7 | |||||
Total for Group 3: | 3 | $27,500,000 | 3.2 | % |
(1) | Totals may not equal the sum of such amounts listed due to rounding. |
(2) | The Mortgage Loans secured by such Mortgaged Properties are cross-collateralized. |
Mortgage Loans with related borrowers are identified under “Affiliated Sponsor” on Annex A-1. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Concentrations Based on Property Type, Geography, Related Borrowers and Other Factors May Disproportionately Increase Losses” in addition to Annex A-1 and the related footnotes.
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Geographic Concentrations
The table below shows the states that have concentrations of Mortgaged Properties that secure 5.0% or more of the Initial Pool Balance:
Geographic Distribution(1)
State | Number of Mortgaged | Aggregate Cut-off Date | % of Initial Pool | ||||||
California | 9 | $ | 158,196,412 | 18.2 | % | ||||
Massachusetts | 2 | $ | 99,233,921 | 11.4 | % | ||||
Texas | 7 | $ | 93,580,000 | 10.7 | % | ||||
Nevada | 2 | $ | 86,591,503 | 9.9 | % | ||||
New York | 3 | $ | 75,490,251 | 8.7 | % | ||||
Connecticut | 1 | $ | 71,387,864 | 8.2 | % | ||||
Maryland | 2 | $ | 45,081,563 | 5.2 | % |
(1) | Because this table presents information relating to Mortgaged Properties and not the Mortgage Loans, the information for any Mortgaged Property that is one of multiple Mortgaged Properties securing a particular Mortgage Loan is based on an allocated loan amount as stated in Annex A-2. |
The remaining Mortgaged Properties are located throughout 16 other states, with no more than 4.8% of the Initial Pool Balance by allocated loan amount secured by Mortgaged Properties located in any such jurisdiction.
In addition, with respect to the Mortgaged Properties in the Mortgage Pool, we note the following in respect of their geographic concentration:
· | Eleven (11) Mortgaged Properties, representing approximately 21.2% of the Initial Pool Balance, are located in areas that are considered a high earthquake risk (seismic zones 3 or 4), and seismic reports were prepared with respect to these Mortgaged Properties, and based on those reports, no Mortgaged Property has a seismic expected loss greater than 15.0%. |
· | Five (5) Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ, Hilton Long Island Huntington, 633 Third Avenue – Retail Condo, FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL and Nassau Bay Town Square, securing five (5) mortgage loans representing approximately 19.7% of the Initial Pool Balance by allocated loan amount, are within 25 miles of the coast of the Gulf of Mexico or the Atlantic Ocean, which are more susceptible to hurricanes. See representation and warranty no. 16 in Annex D-1 (subject to the limitations and qualifications set forth in the preamble in Annex D-1). |
Mortgaged Properties With Limited Prior Operating History
Seven (7) of the Mortgage Loans representing approximately 8.8% of the Initial Pool Balance, are secured by Mortgaged Properties that (i) were constructed or the subject of a major renovation that was completed within 12 calendar months prior to the Cut-off Date and, therefore, the related Mortgaged Property has no or limited prior operating history, (ii) have a borrower or an affiliate under the related Mortgage Loan that acquired the related Mortgaged Property within 12 calendar months prior to the Cut-off Date and such borrower or affiliate was unable to provide the related mortgage loan seller with historical financial information for such acquired Mortgaged Property or (iii) are single tenant properties subject to triple net leases with the related tenant where the related borrower did not
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provide the related mortgage loan seller with historical financial information for the related Mortgaged Property.
See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Limited Information Causes Uncertainty”.
Tenancies-in-Common or Diversified Ownership
One (1) Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as FedEx Ground – South Bend, IN, representing 1.3% of the Initial Pool Balance, has one or more borrowers that own all or a portion of the related Mortgaged Property as tenants-in-common, and the respective tenants-in-common have agreed to a waiver of their rights of partition. “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—The Borrower’s Form of Entity May Cause Special Risks” and “—Tenancies-in-Common May Hinder Recovery”.
With respect to one (1) Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Hilton Long Island Huntington, representing approximately 4.0% of the Initial Pool Balance, the borrower structure includes over one hundred (100) equity owners. In addition, with respect to one (1) Mortgage Loan secured by the portfolio of Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as Lakeview and Creek Run Business Park, representing approximately 0.8% of the Initial Pool Balance, the related borrowers are partially indirectly owned by a crowd funding investor group. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—The Borrower’s Form of Entity May Cause Special Risks” in this prospectus.
Condominium Interests
Two (2) of the Mortgage Loans secured by Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as 633 Third Avenue – Retail Condo and Passaic Self Storage, representing approximately 3.7% and 0.4%, respectively, of the Initial Pool Balance are secured in whole or in part by the related borrower’s interest in one or more units in a condominium. With respect to all such Mortgage Loans (other than as described below), the borrower generally controls the appointment and voting of the condominium board or the condominium owners cannot take actions or cause the condominium association to take actions that would affect the borrower’s unit without the borrower’s consent.
With respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as 633 Third Avenue – Retail Condo, representing approximately 3.7% of the Initial Pool Balance, the Mortgaged Property is comprised of the retail portion of a retail/ office condominium building. The units comprise 4.0% of the total condominium. The borrower has neither affirmative control of the owners’ association nor the ability to block the association’s decisions, however, a majority of the common interest as well as any registered mortgagee is required to terminate the condominium (which requires approval by 95% of the common interests) or to amend the declaration (which requires approval by 80% of the common interests). In addition, amendment to the declaration and any provision or by-laws (including the rules and regulations) relating to unit uses or the respective common interests must be approved by every affected unit owner. The related Mortgage Loan documents provide that the borrower and non-recourse carveout guarantor have personal liability for losses related to condominium-related covenants, including failure to pay condominium charges.
With respect to the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Passaic Self Storage, securing a Mortgage Loan representing approximately 0.4% of the Initial Pool Balance, the related Mortgaged Property is part of a commercial condominium, which consists of three
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units: (1) the college unit, which is not owned by the borrower and is not part of the collateral for the Mortgage Loan, (2) the mixed use unit, which is collateral for the Mortgage Loan and (3) the warehouse unit, which is collateral for the Mortgage Loan. The borrower controls the appointment of 2 of the 4 trustees of the board, while the college unit owner controls the remaining 2 seats. Actions of the board require a simple majority vote; therefore, the borrower cannot take action with respect to the condominium board without the consent of the owner of the college unit.
See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Condominium Ownership May Limit Use and Improvements”.
Fee & Leasehold Estates; Ground Leases
The table below shows the distribution of underlying interests encumbered by the mortgages related to the Mortgaged Properties:
Underlying Estate Distribution(1)
Underlying Estate | Number of | Aggregate Cut-off | Approx. % of | |||||||
Fee(2) | 45 | $ | 810,557,680 | 93.1 | % | |||||
Leasehold | 1 | 60,000,000 | 6.9 | |||||||
Total | 46 | $ | 870,557,680 | 100.0 | % |
(1) | Because this table presents information relating to Mortgaged Properties and not Mortgage Loans, the information for Mortgage Loans secured by more than one Mortgaged Property is based on allocated loan amounts as set forth in Annex A-1. |
(2) | For purposes of this prospectus, an encumbered interest will be characterized as a “fee interest” and not a leasehold interest if (i) the borrower has a fee interest in all or substantially all of the Mortgaged Property (provided that if the borrower has a leasehold interest in any portion of the Mortgaged Property, such portion is not, individually or in the aggregate, material to the use or operation of the Mortgaged Property), or (ii) the Mortgage Loan is secured by the borrower’s leasehold interest in the Mortgaged Property as well as the borrower’s (or other fee owner’s) overlapping fee interest in the related Mortgaged Property. |
Environmental Considerations
Except with respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Shopko – Redding, representing approximately 0.6% of the Initial Pool Balance, for which environmental insurance was obtained in lieu of an environmental report, an environmental report was prepared for each Mortgaged Property securing a Mortgage Loan no more than eight months prior to the Cut-off Date. See Annex A-1 for the date of the environmental report for each Mortgaged Property. The environmental reports were generally prepared pursuant to the ASTM International (“ASTM”) standard for a Phase I environmental site assessment (the “ESA”). In addition to the Phase I standards, some of the environmental reports will include additional research, such as limited sampling for asbestos-containing material, lead-based paint, radon or water damage with limited areas of potential or identified mold, depending on the property use and/or age. Additionally, as warranted pursuant to ASTM standards, supplemental Phase II site investigations have been completed for some Mortgaged Properties to further evaluate certain environmental issues, including certain recognized environmental conditions (each, a “REC”). A Phase II investigation generally consists of sampling and laboratory analysis.
See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Adverse Environmental Conditions at or Near Mortgaged Properties May Result In Losses” in this prospectus. See
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also representation and warranty no. 43 in Annex D-1 and the exceptions thereto in Annex D-2 (subject to the limitations and qualifications set forth in the preamble to Annex D-1).
Described below is certain additional information regarding environmental issues at the Mortgaged Properties securing the Mortgage Loans:
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loan securing the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ, representing approximately 9.2% of the Initial Pool Balance, the ESA reported that the groundwater beneath the Mortgaged Property exceeds the United States Environmental Protection Agency National Pollution Discharge Elimination System limits for certain metals (cyanide, antimony, copper, lead, iron, and zinc). The ESA further stated that the groundwater treatment system is considered to be a controlled REC based on the established control (a treatment system). Pursuant to the related Mortgage Loan documents, in the event that the related guarantor does not have a long-term unsecured debt rating of at least “BBB-” by Fitch and S&P and “Baa3” by Moody’s, the borrower is required to obtain, within 10 days of such event, an environmental impairment liability insurance policy reasonably acceptable to the lender, providing coverage for both existing and new environmental conditions for first and third-party claims and with policy limits of no less than $10,000,000 per incident and in the aggregate with a per incident deductible of no more than $50,000, and a term that extends beyond the stated maturity date of the Mortgage Loan with an optional extended reporting period of no less than thirty-six months. Pursuant to the mezzanine intercreditor agreement for the mezzanine loan related to the Mortgaged Property, if the mezzanine lender or a qualified transferee forecloses or otherwise realizes upon its equity interests in the related borrower, it will not be subject to the foregoing environmental insurance policy requirement. |
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Brewers Hill, representing approximately 4.6% of the Initial Pool Balance, the Maryland Department of Environment issued a conditional “No Further Remediation” letter with respect to Mortgaged Property, pursuant to which the property is subject to land use restrictions and engineering controls that permit commercial or industrial uses but prohibit use of groundwater beneath the property and impose notice and approval requirements prior to surface-disturbing activities. The Mortgaged Property is served by public water. |
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loan securing the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as FedEx – Fife, WA, representing approximately 2.3% of the Initial Pool Balance, environmentally sensitive businesses including vehicle/equipment maintenance from the 1950s and vehicle fueling operations between 1988 and 2013 were conducted on portions of the property. Subsurface investigations were conducted between 2006 and 2014, which identified soil and groundwater with concentrations of one or more of the following contaminants of concern (“COCs”) in excess of their respective Model Toxics Control Act (“MTCA”) Method A Cleanup level: gasoline range organics, diesel range organics, oil range organics, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes, and/or tetrachloroethylene. Remedial actions were taken, including removal of multiple underground storage tanks, excavation of impacted soils, pumping and disposal of impacted groundwater and collection and analysis of soil and groundwater samples from impacted areas of concern. The Washington Department of Ecology (“WDOE”) approved a groundwater sampling and analysis plan in April 2015. Groundwater sampling conducted in August 2015 did not identify any petroleum compounds, solvents or metals at concentrations exceeding laboratory reporting limits or applicable MTCA Method A Cleanup Levels.
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The borrower has undertaken to complete the ongoing monitoring and obtain regulatory closure at an estimated cost of $30,000-$40,000, 125% of which higher amount has been escrowed. |
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loan securing the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Courtyard Marriott-Baldwin Park, representing approximately 2.2% of the Initial Pool Balance, the related ESA reported that the Mortgaged Property is within the regional groundwater contamination zone of the Federal National Priorities List (i.e., “Superfund”) San Gabriel Valley Area 2, which is contaminated with trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, and carbon tetrachloride, and is specifically located above an area of perchlorate contamination. The ESA stated that based on this information, the potential exists that the subsurface of the Mortgaged Property has been contaminated with the above identified contaminants. The ESA concluded that based on the ongoing investigation and regulatory oversight, and the depth to groundwater in the vicinity of the Mortgaged Property, such release is not a REC, and no further investigation is needed. |
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Southland Terrace Shopping Center, representing approximately 1.6% of the Initial Pool Balance, the ESA obtained at loan origination identified a REC associated with an underground storage tank (“UST”) related to gas station operations at the property. Due to the UST’s age and the lack of subsurface investigation data, the ESA recommended a Phase II subsurface assessment. In lieu of a Phase II ESA, the lender obtained a $2 million premises environmental liability-type environmental insurance policy from Great American Insurance Group with a 13-year term (loan term is 10 years) and having a $25,000 deductible. The full-term policy premium was paid at closing. Great American has an S&P rating of “A+”. |
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Bonanza Square, representing approximately 0.8% of the Initial Pool Balance, the ESA obtained at loan origination identified a REC associated with a prior dry cleaning operation having on-site processing (the on-site processing was discontinued in 1984). In lieu of a Phase II ESA, the lender obtained a $2 million lender environmental collateral protection and liability-type environmental insurance policy from Steadfast Insurance Company, a member company of Zurich North America, with a 10-year term and a 3-year policy tail and having a $50,000 deductible. The full-term policy premium was paid at closing. Zurich North America has an S&P rating of “AA-”. |
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Shopko – Redding, representing approximately 0.6% of the Initial Pool Balance, in lieu of obtaining a Phase I ESA, the lender obtained a $5,217,328 group lender environmental collateral protection and liability-type environmental insurance policy with a $5,217,328 sublimit per claim from Steadfast Insurance Company, a member company of Zurich North America with a 10 year term (equal to the loan term) and a 3 year policy tail and having a $0 deductible. The policy premium was pre-paid at closing. Zurich North America has an S&P rating of “AA-”. |
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loan securing the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as West Crossing Shopping Center, representing approximately 0.5% of the Initial Pool Balance, the related ESA reported that a fueling station was previously located at the Mortgaged Property, and that the Mortgaged Property is |
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subject to (i) the documented existence of petroleum hydrocarbons in site soil related to a regulatory closed leaking petroleum storage tank incident at the Mortgaged Property, which is considered to be a controlled REC, (ii) the potential for vapor intrusion to the site structure, which, due to the existence of a geomembrane lining, is considered to be a controlled REC, and (iii) the likelihood that petroleum hydrocarbon impacted groundwater has migrated to the site from a fueling station located upgradient and in close proximity to the Mortgaged Property, which due to the fact that such facility received a risk-based closure from the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality petroleum storage tank program, is considered to be a controlled REC. The Mortgaged Property is subject to certain use restrictions. In addition, the Mortgaged Property is subject to covenants relating to ongoing monitoring, prohibitions on groundwater use, use of engineering controls to prevent the migration of vapors and/or liquids containing contamination into any buildings, underground utilities or storm water retention/detention ponds, including controls related to future construction, and the reservation of access to certain former owners of the Mortgaged Property to undertake any environmental assessment, investigation, testing and remediation activities that such former owners deem necessary. In addition, certain former owners of the Mortgaged Property have repurchase options for a term of 90 years (commencing November 30, 2011, in the case of the first such former owner, and commencing December 20, 2012, in the case of the second such former owner), in the event the restrictions are violated and not cured within a 30 day cure period. See “—Tenant Issues—Purchase Options and Rights of First Refusal” below. |
Redevelopment, Renovation and Expansion
Certain of the Mortgaged Properties are properties which are currently undergoing or are expected to undergo redevelopment, renovation or expansion, including with respect to hotel properties, executing property improvement plans (“PIPs”) required by the franchisors. Below is a description of one such Mortgaged Property.
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Aurora Office Building, representing approximately 3.7% of the Initial Pool Balance, at loan origination approximately $4,904,605 was deposited into a reserve for the completion of tenant improvements required to be made pursuant to the sole tenant’s lease, including replacements of and/or improvements to HVAC systems, which are estimated to cost approximately $1.3 million. After the completion of the specified replacement projects, the remaining tenant improvement and leasing commission funds may be used to fund other tenant improvements requested by the sole tenant, Northrop Grumman Systems. It is anticipated that any such funds may be used to partially fund an approximately $9.5 million ($51.76 per square foot) remodeling and modernization of the Mortgaged Property by Northrop Grumman Systems. However, internal approvals for such remodeling and modernization have not yet been obtained by the tenant, and we cannot assure you that any such remodeling and modernization program will be approved or implemented. |
We cannot assure you that any of these redevelopments, renovations or expansions will be completed, that any amounts reserved in connection therewith will be sufficient to complete any such redevelopment, renovation or expansion or that the failure to do so will not have a material adverse impact on the related Mortgaged Properties. Additionally, other Mortgaged Properties may, and likely do, have property improvement or renovation plans in various stages of completion or planning.
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Certain risks related to redevelopment, renovation and expansion at a Mortgaged Property are described in “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Risks Related to Redevelopment, Expansion and Renovation at Mortgaged Properties”.
Assessment of Property Value and Condition
In connection with the origination or acquisition of each Mortgage Loan or otherwise in connection with this offering, an appraisal was conducted in respect of the related Mortgaged Property by an independent appraiser that was state certified and/or a member of the Appraisal Institute or an update of an existing appraisal was obtained. In each case, the appraisal complied, or the appraiser certified that it complied, with the real estate appraisal regulations issued jointly by the federal bank regulatory agencies under the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended. In general, those appraisals represent the analysis and opinion of the person performing the appraisal and are not guarantees of, and may not be indicative of, present or future value. We cannot assure you that another person would not have arrived at a different valuation, even if such person used the same general approach to and same method of valuing the property or that different valuations would not have been reached separately by the mortgage loan sellers based on their internal review of such appraisals. The appraisals obtained as described above sought to establish the amount a typically motivated buyer would pay a typically motivated seller. Such amount could be significantly higher than the amount obtained from the sale of a Mortgaged Property under a distress or liquidation sale.
In addition, in general, a licensed engineer, architect or consultant inspected the related Mortgaged Property, in connection with the origination or acquisition of each of the Mortgage Loans or otherwise in connection with this offering, to assess the condition of the structure, exterior walls, roofing, interior structure and mechanical and electrical systems. Engineering reports by licensed engineers, architects or consultants generally were prepared, except for newly constructed properties, certain manufactured housing community properties and properties for which the borrower’s interest consists of a fee interest solely on the land and not any improvements, for the Mortgaged Properties in connection with the origination of the related Mortgage Loan or in connection with this offering. None of these engineering reports are more than 9 months old as of the Cut-off Date. In certain cases where material deficiencies were noted in such reports, the related borrower was required to establish reserves for replacement or repair or remediate the deficiency.
Litigation and Other Considerations
There may be material pending or threatened legal proceedings against, or other past or present material criminal or material adverse regulatory circumstances experienced by, the borrowers, their sponsors and managers of the Mortgaged Properties and their respective affiliates. In addition, the Mortgaged Properties may be subject to ongoing litigation.
See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Litigation Regarding the Mortgaged Properties or Borrowers May Impair Your Distributions”. See also “—Loan Purpose; Default History, Bankruptcy Issues and Other Proceedings” below and representation and warranty no. 15 in Annex D-1 (subject to the limitations and qualifications set forth in the preamble to Annex D-1).
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Loan Purpose; Default History, Bankruptcy Issues and Other Proceedings
· | Twenty-five (25) of the Mortgage Loans, representing 69.0% of the Initial Pool Balance, were originated in connection with the borrower’s refinancing of a previous mortgage loan. |
· | Fourteen (14) of the Mortgage Loans, representing approximately 21.8% of the Initial Pool Balance, were originated in connection with the borrower’s acquisition of the related Mortgaged Property. |
· | One (1) of the Mortgage Loans, representing approximately 9.2% of the Initial Pool Balance, was originated in connection with the borrower’s recapitalization of the related Mortgaged Property. |
Certain of the borrowers, principals of the borrowers and other entities under the control of such principals or single tenants at the related Mortgaged Properties or in certain cases a Mortgaged Property that secures a Mortgage Loan are, or previously have been, parties to bankruptcy proceedings, foreclosure proceedings, deed-in-lieu of foreclosure transactions and/or mortgage loan workouts resulting from mortgage loan defaults, which in some cases involved a Mortgaged Property that secures a Mortgage Loan to be included in the Trust. For example:
· | With respect to fourteen (14) Mortgage Loans secured by the Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as The Shops at Crystals, Simon Premium Outlets, Aurora Office Building, 633 Third Avenue – Retail Condo, Riverside University Village, Courtyard Marriott – Baldwin Park, Homewood Suites Del Mar, Corporate Center at Kierland, La Crosse Industrial, Southland Terrace Shopping Center, U-Stor-It Lisle, So Cal Self Storage – Camarillo, Shopko – Redding and West Crossing Shopping Center, collectively representing approximately 37.1% of the Initial Pool Balance by allocated loan amount, (a) within approximately the last 10 years, related borrowers, sponsors and/or key principals (or affiliates thereof) have previously (i) sponsored, been a key principal with respect to, or been a payment or non-recourse carveout guarantor on mortgage loans secured by, real estate projects (including in some such cases, the particular Mortgaged Property or Mortgaged Properties referenced above in this sentence) that became the subject of foreclosure proceedings or a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure or bankruptcy proceedings or directly or indirectly secured a real estate loan or a real estate related mezzanine loan that was the subject of a discounted payoff or modification, or (ii) been the subject of personal bankruptcy proceedings, (b) the related Mortgage Loan refinanced a prior loan secured by, or a mezzanine loan secured by interests in the owner of, the Mortgaged Property which prior loan was the subject of a maturity default, a maturity extension or a discounted payoff, short sale or other restructuring, (c) the Mortgaged Property was acquired by the related borrower or an affiliate thereof from a foreclosing lender or through foreclosure or a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure, as part of an REO transaction, at a foreclosure sale or out of receivership, or (d) the Mortgaged Property has been or currently is involved in a borrower, principal or tenant bankruptcy. |
In particular, with respect to the 15 largest Mortgage Loans or groups of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans we note the following:
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loans secured by the Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 to this prospectus as The Shops at Crystals and Simon Premium Outlets, representing approximately 13.5% of the Initial Pool Balance, the loan
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sponsor, Simon Property Group, L.P., has sponsored other real estate projects over the last 10 years that have been the subject of mortgage loan defaults, foreclosure proceedings and deeds-in-lieu of foreclosure. |
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Aurora Office Building, representing approximately 3.7% of the Initial Pool Balance, the guarantor, NRFC NNN Holdings, LLC, disclosed that, during the period from 2009 to the present, it was also the guarantor under three securitized mortgage loans which were the subject of a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure, and in one case, litigation, and is also the guarantor under two securitized loans that matured in February 2016 and are currently the subject of modification discussions with the respective lenders. |
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 to this prospectus as 633 Third Avenue – Retail Condo, representing approximately 3.7% of the Initial Pool Balance, the related guarantor (Joseph Nakash) filed bankruptcy in 1994 following the filing of a default judgment against him in Israel brought by receiver for Israel’s North American Bank. Mr. Nakash entered into settlement agreement that was approved by Bankruptcy Court, and bankruptcy was dismissed in 1999. |
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Riverside University Village, representing approximately 3.3% of the Initial Pool Balance, in 2009 a CMBS loan secured by the related property entered into default. In 2010, the original $32 million loan was restructured (split into a $21,000,000 A-note and a $10,134,610 B-Note) and the trust incurred a loss. In March 2014, the property was refinanced by U.S. Bank. |
Certain risks relating to bankruptcy proceedings are described in “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—A Bankruptcy Proceeding May Result in Losses and Delays in Realizing on the Mortgage Loans” and “—Litigation Regarding the Mortgaged Properties or Borrowers May Impair Your Distributions” and “Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans—Bankruptcy Laws”.
Tenant Issues
Tenant Concentrations
The Mortgaged Properties have tenant concentrations as set forth below:
· | Nine (9) of the Mortgaged Properties, securing in whole or in part Mortgage Loans representing approximately 25.8% of the Initial Pool Balance by allocated loan amount, are leased to a single tenant. |
See “—Lease Expirations and Terminations” below, “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Risks of Commercial and Multifamily Lending Generally”, “—Performance of the Mortgage Loans Will Be Highly Dependent on the Performance of Tenants and Tenant Leases—A Tenant Concentration May Result in Increased Losses” and “—Concentrations Based on Property Type, Geography, Related Borrowers and Other Factors May Disproportionately Increase Losses”.
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Lease Expirations and Terminations
Expirations
Certain of the Mortgaged Properties are subject to tenant leases that expire before the maturity date of the related Mortgage Loan. For tenant lease expiration information in the form of a lease rollover chart relating to each of the top 15 Mortgage Loans or groups of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans, see the related summaries attached as Annex A-3. In addition, see Annex A-1 for tenant lease expiration dates for the 5 largest tenants (based on net rentable area leased) at each retail, office, mixed use and industrial Mortgaged Property. Whether or not any of the 5 largest tenants at a particular Mortgaged Property have leases that expire before, or shortly after, the maturity of the related Mortgage Loan, there may be a significant percentage of leases at a particular Mortgaged Property that expire in a single calendar year, a rolling 12-month period or prior to, or shortly after, the maturity of a Mortgage Loan. Furthermore, some of the Mortgaged Properties have significant leases or a significant concentration of leases that expire before, or shortly following, the maturity of the related Mortgage Loan. In addition, certain other Mortgaged Properties may have a significant portion of the leases that expire or can be terminated in a particular year, or portion thereof, at the related Mortgaged Property. Prospective investors are encouraged to review the charts entitled “Major Tenants” and “Lease Expiration Schedules” for the 15 largest Mortgage Loans or groups of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans presented on Annex A-3, in particular those related to the Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ, The Shops at Crystals, Pinnacle II, Brewers Hill, Simon Premium Outlets, One Penn Center, Aurora Office Building, 633 Third Avenue – Retail Condo, Riverside University Village and 420 East Third Street.
With respect to the Mortgage Loans secured, in whole or in part, by the Mortgaged Properties identified in the table below, each such Mortgaged Property is occupied by a single tenant under a lease which expires prior to, or within 12 months after, the maturity of the related Mortgage Loan.
Mortgaged Property Name | % of the Initial Pool | Owner | Lease | Maturity Date | ||||
Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ | 9.2% | No | 12/31/2028 | 11/6/2028(1) | ||||
Pinnacle II | 4.6% | No | 12/31/2021 | 6/11/2026 | ||||
Aurora Office Building | 3.7% | No | 11/30/2022 | 8/1/2026 |
(1) | The Anticipated Repayment Date is August 6, 2026. |
If a Mortgaged Property loses its sole tenant, whether upon expiration of the related lease or otherwise, the “dark value” of such property may be materially below the “as-is” value of such property or even the unpaid principal balance of the related Mortgage Loan because of the difficulties of finding a new tenant that will lease the space on comparable terms as the old tenant. Such difficulties may arise from an oversupply of comparable space, high vacancy rates, low rental rates or the Mortgaged Property’s lack of suitability for most potential replacement tenants.
In addition, with respect to certain other Mortgaged Properties, there are leases that represent in the aggregate a material (greater than 25%) portion (but less than 100%) of the net rentable square footage of the related Mortgaged Property that expire in a single calendar year prior to, or shortly after, the maturity of the related Mortgage Loan.
See Annex A-1 for tenant lease expiration dates for the 5 largest tenants (based on net rentable area leased) at each retail, office, mixed use and industrial Mortgaged Property.
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Terminations
In addition to termination options tied to certain triggers as described in “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Performance of the Mortgage Loans Will Be Highly Dependent on the Performance of Tenants and Tenant Leases—Early Lease Termination Options May Reduce Cash Flow” that are common with respect to retail properties, certain tenant leases permit the related tenant to unilaterally terminate its lease at any time.
Set forth below are certain leases that individually are among the top 5 tenants at the related Mortgaged Property and have termination options associated with appropriation rights.
Mortgage Loan Name | Percent of | Tenant | Percent | Percent | ||||
One Penn Center | 4.0% | Philadelphia Works, Inc. | 10.7% | 14.0% |
For more information related to tenant termination options held by the 5 largest tenants (by net rentable area leased) see Annex A-1 and the accompanying footnotes for additional information, as well as the charts entitled “Major Tenants” and “Lease Expiration Schedules” for certain tenants at the 15 largest Mortgage Loans or groups of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans presented on Annex A-3, in particular those related to the Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as The Shops at Crystals, Brewers Hill, Simon Premium Outlets, One Penn Center and 420 East Third Street.
Other
Tenants under certain leases included in the Underwritten Net Cash Flow, Underwritten NOI and/or Occupancy Rate may not be in physical occupancy, may not have begun paying rent or may be in negotiation. For example, with respect to single tenant properties or tenants that are one of the top 5 tenants (by net rentable area leased) for the 15 largest Mortgage Loans or groups of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans, certain of such tenants have not taken possession or commenced paying rent as set forth below:
· | Two (2) of the Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as Brewers Hill and 633 Third Avenue – Retail Condo, securing two (2) Mortgage Loans representing approximately 8.3% of the Initial Pool Balance, have among the 5 largest tenants at such Mortgaged Property (by net rentable area leased), tenants that have renewed leases or have taken possession of the space demised under the related lease with the related borrower, but have not yet commenced payments of rent or are in a rent abatement period under the related lease, or have tenants that have executed leases, but have not taken possession or commenced payment of rent, have tenants that are in a buildout phase and have not taken occupancy, have tenants that are expanding their space but have not commenced payment of the additional rent, have tenants that renewed leases that provide free rent and have not commenced payment of rent, have tenants that are entitled to free rent periods or rent abatement in the future, or have subleases in place that can increase vacancy risks. In certain circumstances, an escrow reserve related to free rent periods and tenant improvement costs and leasing commissions due in connection with such leases was funded at closing. See Annex A-1 and the accompanying footnotes for additional information with respect to these Mortgage Loans. |
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· | With respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as One Stamford Forum, representing approximately 8.2% of the Initial Pool Balance, Purdue Pharma L.P., the second largest tenant on a direct lease, is currently leasing 33.1% and subleasing an additional 57.8% (such leased and subleased space representing 90.9% in the aggregate) of the total leasable area at the related Mortgaged Property. In addition, Purdue Pharma L.P. is under contract to lease 100% of the total leasable area commencing in January 2021. |
· | With respect to the Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as FedEx – Atlanta, GA and FedEx – Boulder, CO, which secure Mortgage Loans collectively representing approximately 2.7% of the Initial Pool Balance, the single tenant, FedEx Ground Package Systems, Inc., has taken possession of the building and has commenced paying rent; however, such tenant has not begun operations at either property. The tenant is in the process of installing a materials handling system at each Mortgaged Property and is expected to begin operations in September 2016 and August 2016, respectively, following the related installations. |
See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Underwritten Net Cash Flow Could Be Based On Incorrect or Failed Assumptions”. See Annex A-3 for more information on other tenant matters relating to the largest 15 Mortgage Loans or groups of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans.
Purchase Options and Rights of First Refusal
Below are certain purchase options and rights of first refusal to purchase all or a portion of the Mortgaged Property with respect to certain of the Mortgaged Properties.
· | With respect to six (6) of the Mortgage Loans secured in whole or in part by the Mortgaged Properties, identified on Annex A-1 as One Stamford Forum, Renaissance Dallas, Pinnacle II, Courtyard Marriott-Baldwin Park, Homewood Suites Del Mar and West Crossing Shopping Center, collectively representing approximately 24.5% of the Initial Pool Balance in the aggregate by allocated loan amount, each such Mortgaged Property is subject to a purchase option, right of first refusal or right of first offer to purchase such Mortgaged Property, a portion thereof or a related pad site; such rights are held by either a tenant at the related property, a tenant at a neighboring property, a hotel franchisor, a licensee, a homeowner’s association, another unit owner of the related condominium, a neighboring property owner or another third party. See “Yield and Maturity Considerations” in this prospectus. See also representation and warranty no. 7 in Annex D-1 and the exceptions thereto in Annex D-2 (subject to the limitations and qualifications set forth in the preamble to Annex D-1). |
In addition, with respect to the 15 largest Mortgage Loans or groups of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans presented on Annex A-3, we note the following:
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as One Stamford Forum, representing approximately 8.2% of the Initial Pool Balance, the second largest tenant on a direct lease, Purdue Pharma L.P., has a right of first offer to purchase the Mortgaged Property, which right is granted in the lease commencing on January 1, 2021 and expiring on June 30, 2031. However, such tenant does not have a right of first offer to purchase the property so long as the landlord has outstanding indebtedness secured by the property, and the right of first offer does not apply to the transfer of the property at a foreclosure sale or assignment in lieu thereof or by the holder of any mortgage financing (or its |
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designee) following its acquisition of the property in connection with a foreclosure sale. |
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Renaissance Dallas, representing approximately 6.9% of the Initial Pool Balance, the property manager (Renaissance Hotel Management Company, L.L.C.) has a right of first offer to purchase the Mortgaged Property if the borrower decides to market the property for sale. The right of first offer is not extinguished by foreclosure; however, the right of first offer does not apply to foreclosure or deed-in-lieu thereof. |
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Pinnacle II, representing approximately 4.6% of the Initial Pool Balance, the single tenant (Warner Brothers Entertainment Inc.) has a right of first offer to purchase the Mortgaged Property if the borrower decides to market the property for sale. The right of first offer is not extinguished by foreclosure; however, the right of first offer does not apply to foreclosure or deed-in-lieu thereof. |
In addition, with respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as West Crossing Shopping Center, representing approximately 0.5% of the Initial Pool Balance, pursuant to certain special warranty deeds (the “Special Warranty Deeds”), Exxon Mobil Corporation, a former owner of the Mortgaged Property, as well as another former owner of the Mortgaged Property (each a “Grantor”), each has a repurchase option for a term of 90 years (commencing on November 30, 2011, in the case of Exxon Mobil Corporation, and commencing on December 20, 2012, in the case of such other former owner) in the event certain environmental restrictions and covenants (as described above under “—Environmental Considerations”) are violated and not cured by its grantee of the Mortgaged Property within a 30 day cure period following notice from such Grantor to either its grantee of the Mortgaged Property or the current owner of the Mortgaged Property (i.e., the borrower). Such restrictions and covenants, and the related repurchase options, run with the land and are binding on the borrower. The purchase price for each such repurchase option is the greater of (i) the purchase price paid by the grantee to such Grantor or (ii) 90% of the fair market value of the Mortgaged Property as determined by the applicable Grantor at the time of issuance of such Grantor’s repurchase notice. Because the Special Warranty Deeds were recorded prior to the Mortgage relating to the Mortgaged Property, upon such a repurchase, the lien of the Mortgage on such Mortgaged Property would terminate. The Mortgage Loan documents require that, in the event that any such repurchase option is exercised, such exercise will constitute an event of default under the Mortgage Loan, the Mortgage Loan will be accelerated, and the borrower will be required to cause any proceeds of such repurchase option to which the borrower is entitled to be paid directly to the lender (other than any proceeds in excess of the amount due to the lender as described below). In addition, the borrower is required to pay the lender any additional amount that is necessary, when added to the proceeds paid to lender, to repay the outstanding principal balance of the Mortgage Loan together with all other amounts then due thereunder, including a prepayment fee of 3.00% of the amount being repaid, which amounts are required to be applied to repay such Mortgage Loan (including during the Lock-out Period). The Mortgage Loan documents further provide that any failure to comply with such obligations is full recourse to the related borrower and guarantor. In the event that the proceeds of any such repurchase were insufficient to repay the Mortgage Loan, and the borrower and guarantor were unable to or failed to comply with the obligation to make up any shortfall, there would be a shortfall in distributions to Certificateholders.
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See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Performance of the Mortgage Loans Will Be Highly Dependent on the Performance of Tenants and Tenant Leases—Leases That Are Not Subordinated to the Lien of the Mortgage or Do Not Contain Attornment Provisions May Have an Adverse Impact at Foreclosure”.
Affiliated Leases
Certain of the Mortgaged Properties are leased in whole or in part by borrowers or borrower affiliates. Set forth below are examples of Mortgaged Properties or portfolios of Mortgaged Properties at which at least 20% of (i) the gross income at the Mortgaged Property or portfolio of Mortgaged Properties relates to leases between the borrower and an affiliate of the borrower or (ii) the net rentable area at the Mortgaged Property or portfolio of Mortgaged Properties is leased to an affiliate of the borrower:
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loans secured by the Mortgaged Property or portfolio of Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as The Shops at Crystals and Simon Premium Outlets, representing approximately 13.5% of the Initial Pool Balance, each borrower may, without the lender’s consent (i) lease space at the related Mortgaged Property to one or more of its affiliates that have entered into franchise agreements or licenses with a nationally recognized tenant to operate such franchise, provided that such leases cover no more in aggregate than 3,000 square feet, and (ii) enter into, modify, renew, amend and terminate any leases at the related Mortgaged Property with Simon Youth Foundation or its affiliate or designee and such lease(s) may not contain commercially reasonable terms comparable to those of an arm’s length transaction with an unrelated third party so long as (A) such lease(s) cover not more than 10,000 square feet in the aggregate, (B) the use of the leased premises is intended to further the mission of the Simon Youth Foundation, and (C) such lease(s) does not contain any option to purchase or other right of first refusal with respect to all or any part of the related Mortgaged Property. |
· | With respect to the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as One Stamford Forum, which secures a Mortgage Loan representing approximately 8.2% of the Initial Pool Balance, Purdue Pharma, L.P., the second largest tenant on a direct lease, leasing 33.1% (and subleasing an additional 57.8%) of the total leasable area at the related Mortgaged Property (and under contract to lease 100% of the total leasable area commencing in January 2021), is an affiliate of the related borrower. |
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Brewers Hill, representing approximately 4.6% of the Initial Pool Balance, Canton Self Storage, the largest tenant (29.3% of net rentable area), is an affiliate of the owner. |
· | With respect to the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as 420 East Third Street, which secures a Mortgage Loan representing approximately 2.2% of the Initial Pool Balance, the second largest tenant, Third Street Surgery Center, LP, the fourth largest tenant, Premiere Practice Management, Inc., and the sixth largest tenant, East-West Eye Institute, which collectively lease approximately 19.7% of the square feet and represent approximately 24.8% of the underwritten annual base rent at the Mortgaged Property, are each affiliated with the related borrower. |
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See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Performance of the Mortgage Loans Will Be Highly Dependent on the Performance of Tenants and Tenant Leases—Mortgaged Properties Leased to Borrowers or Borrower Affiliated Entities Also Have Risks”.
Insurance Considerations
The Mortgage Loans generally require that each Mortgaged Property be insured by a hazard insurance policy in an amount (subject to an approved deductible) at least equal to the lesser of the outstanding principal balance of the related Mortgage Loan and 100% of the replacement cost of the improvements located on the related Mortgaged Property, and if applicable, that the related hazard insurance policy contain appropriate endorsements or have been issued in an amount sufficient to avoid the application of co-insurance and not permit reduction in insurance proceeds for depreciation; provided that, in the case of certain of the Mortgage Loans, the hazard insurance may be in such other amounts as was required by the related originators.
In general, the standard form of hazard insurance policy covers physical damage to, or destruction of, the improvements on the Mortgaged Property by fire, lightning, explosion, smoke, windstorm and hail, riot or strike and civil commotion, subject to the conditions and exclusions set forth in each policy. Each Mortgage Loan generally also requires the related borrower to maintain comprehensive general liability insurance against claims for personal and bodily injury, death or property damage occurring on, in or about the related Mortgaged Property in an amount generally equal to at least $1,000,000. Each Mortgage Loan generally further requires the related borrower to maintain business interruption insurance in an amount not less than approximately 100% of the gross rental income from the related Mortgaged Property for not less than 12 months. In general, the Mortgage Loans (including those secured by Mortgaged Properties located in California) do not require earthquake insurance. Eleven (11) of the Mortgaged Properties, securing Mortgage Loans representing 21.2% of the Initial Pool Balance, are located in areas that are considered a high earthquake risk (seismic zones 3 and 4). Seismic reports were prepared with respect to these Mortgaged Properties, and based on those reports, no Mortgaged Property has a probable maximum loss greater than 15%.
With respect to thirty-four (34) Mortgaged Properties, which secure in whole thirty-one (31) Mortgage Loans, representing approximately 81.4% of the Initial Pool Balance by allocated loan amount, the related borrowers (or, in some cases, tenants which are permitted to maintain insurance in lieu of the related borrowers) maintain insurance under blanket policies. See representation and warranty nos. 18 and 31 on Annex D-1 and the exceptions thereto on Annex D-2 (subject to the limitations and qualifications set forth in the preamble to Annex D-1).
Certain of the Mortgaged Properties may be insured by, or subject to self-insurance on the part of, a sole or significant tenant or the property manager as described below:
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Renaissance Dallas, representing approximately 6.9% of the Initial Pool Balance, the Mortgaged Property is insured pursuant to Marriott’s Global Property Insurance Program, which permits a $500,000 self-insured retention for liability coverage. |
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Aurora Office Building, representing approximately 3.7% of the Initial Pool Balance, the liability insurance with respect to the Mortgaged Property is maintained by the sole tenant, Northrop Grumman Systems, which insurance does |
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not name the lender as an additional insured. The borrower currently maintains additional liability insurance which covers the borrower and the lender as additional insured. However, the borrower is not required to reserve for insurance premiums for such insurance so long as the tenant maintains liability insurance as required by its lease. |
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loans secured by the Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as FedEx – Atlanta, GA, FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL, FedEx – Fife, WA, and FedEx – Boulder, CO, representing approximately 1.6%, 1.4%, 2.3% and 1.1%, respectively, of the Initial Pool Balance, the borrower may rely on the single tenant’s insurance, so long as the single tenant’s lease is in effect, no default has occurred under the lease, the tenant maintains a credit rating of at least “BBB” from S&P and the tenant maintains coverage acceptable to lender in its reasonable discretion (including naming the lender as mortgagee/loss payee on the tenant’s property policies and an additional insured under tenant’s general liability policy); provided that the borrower must maintain the commercial general liability insurance, loss of rents or business interruption insurance and terrorism insurance coverages required in the Mortgage Loan documents. |
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Shopko – Redding, representing approximately 0.6% of the Initial Pool Balance, the borrower’s obligation to provide required insurance is suspended so long as the single tenant provides lease-required insurance, among other things. The lease permits tenant’s third party insurance to be provided by a syndicate, subject to certain conditions, including: (A) the first layer of syndicated coverage shall be provided by carriers with minimum S&P financial strength rating of “A”, (B) 60% (if five or more carriers) or 75% (if four or fewer carriers) of aggregate policy limits must be provided by carriers with minimum S&P financial strength rating of “A”, and (C) each carrier in the syndicate must have a minimum S&P financial strength rating of “BBB”. The loan documents permit the lease to control disbursement of available proceeds following a casualty, subject to the lease’s being in full force and effect and the tenant’s complying with lease-required disbursement provisions, among other things. The tenant-provided insurance approved by the lender at closing currently has a $100,000 deductible for the property policy and a $250,000 deductible for the liability policy. |
Further, with respect to Mortgaged Properties that are part of condominium regimes, the insurance may be maintained by the condominium association rather than the related borrower. Many Mortgage Loans contain limitations on the obligation to obtain terrorism insurance. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Terrorism Insurance May Not Be Available for All Mortgaged Properties”. See also representation and warranty nos. 18 and 31 on Annex D-1 and the exceptions thereto on Annex D-2 (subject to the limitations and qualifications set forth in the preamble to Annex D-1).
See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Risks Associated with Blanket Insurance Policies or Self-Insurance”.
Use Restrictions
Certain of the Mortgaged Properties are subject to restrictions that restrict the use of such Mortgaged Properties to its current use, place other use restrictions on such Mortgaged Property or limit the related borrower’s ability to make changes to such Mortgaged Property.
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In the case of such Mortgage Loans subject to such restrictions the related borrower is generally required pursuant to the related Mortgage Loan documents to maintain law or ordinance insurance coverage if any of the improvements or the use of a Mortgaged Property constitutes a legal non-conforming structure or use, which provides coverage for loss to the undamaged portion of such property, demolition costs and the increased cost of construction. However, such law and ordinance insurance coverage does not provide any coverage for lost future rents or other damages from the inability to restore the property to its prior use or structure or for any loss of value to the related property. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Risks Related to Zoning Non-Compliance and Use Restrictions” and representation and warranty nos. 8 and 26 on Annex D-1 and the exceptions thereto on Annex D-2.
With respect to two (2) Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as Brewers Hill and West Crossing Shopping Center, securing two (2) Mortgage Loans collectively representing approximately 5.1% of the Initial Pool Balance by allocated loan amount, such Mortgaged Properties are subject to environmental restrictive covenants as described under “—Environmental Considerations” above.
In addition, certain of the Mortgaged Properties are subject to “historic” or “landmark” designations, which results in restrictions and in some cases prohibitions on modification of certain aspects of the related Mortgaged Property.
Appraised Value
In certain cases, appraisals may reflect both “as-stabilized” and/or “as-renovated” values, and “as-is” values. However, the Appraised Value reflected in this prospectus with respect to each Mortgaged Property reflects only the “as-is” value. The “as-stabilized” or “as-complete”, value may be based on certain assumptions, such as future construction completion, projected re-tenanting or increased tenant occupancies.
See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Appraisals May Not Reflect Current or Future Market Value of Each Property”.
Non-Recourse Carveout Limitations
While the Mortgage Loans generally contain non-recourse carveouts for liabilities such as liabilities as a result of fraud by the borrower, certain voluntary insolvency proceedings or other matters, certain of the Mortgage Loans may not contain such carveouts or contain limitations to such carveouts. In general, the liquidity and net worth of a non-recourse guarantor under a Mortgage Loan will be less, and may be materially less, than the outstanding principal amount of that Mortgage Loan. In addition, certain Mortgage Loans have additional limitations to the non-recourse carveouts. See representation and warranty no. 28 on Annex D-1 and the exceptions thereto on Annex D-2 (subject to the limitations and qualifications set forth in the preamble to Annex D-1). For example:
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loans secured by the Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as The Shops at Crystals, Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ, One Stamford Forum, Simon Premium Outlets, Hilton Long Island Huntington, Aurora Office Building, FedEx – Atlanta, GA, FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL, FedEx – Fife, WA, FedEx – Boulder, CO, Brewster Business Park and Passaic Self Storage, collectively representing approximately 46.4% of the Initial Pool Balance, with respect to liability for breaches of the environmental covenants in the related Mortgage Loan documents, the recourse obligations for environmental indemnification may terminate immediately (or in some cases, following a specified period, such as two |
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years) after payment or defeasance in full of such Mortgage Loans (or in some cases, after a permitted transfer of the Mortgaged Property), in some cases, if certain conditions more fully set forth in the related Mortgage Loan documents are satisfied, such as that the holder of the Mortgage Loan must have received an environmental inspection report for the related Mortgaged Property meeting criteria set forth in such Mortgage Loan documents or that the holder must have received record searches evidencing that there are no RECs at the Mortgaged Property. |
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as The Shops at Crystals, representing approximately 9.2% of the Initial Pool Balance, for so long as Simon Property Group, L.P. and ICRE REIT Holdings are the guarantors, the Mortgage Loan documents cap the liability of such guarantors at $110,000,000, in the aggregate, plus all reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses (including court costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees) incurred by the lender in the enforcement of the guaranty or the preservations of the lender’s rights under the guaranty. |
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Renaissance Dallas, representing approximately 6.9% of the Initial Pool Balance, only the SPE borrower is liable for losses related to environmental carve-outs; however, a $1,000,000 environmental insurance policy was obtained in lieu of a related carve-out from a guarantor. The lender obtained an ESA, dated within 70 days of the loan origination, indicating no RECs affecting the related Mortgaged Property. |
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the portfolio of Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as Simon Premium Outlets, representing approximately 4.3% of the Initial Pool Balance, for so long as Simon Property Group, L.P. is the guarantor, the Mortgage Loan documents cap the liability of the guarantor under the guaranty and the environmental indemnity agreement at 20% of the original principal balance of the Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan. The related borrowers are permitted to replace the existing guarantor for liabilities under the guaranty accruing after the date of such replacement with an entity controlled by any key principal of the guarantor. |
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Aurora Office Building, representing approximately 3.7% of the Initial Pool Balance, the related guaranty and/or environmental indemnity contains provisions to the effect that, provided certain conditions are satisfied, the recourse liability of the guarantor will not apply to any action, event or condition arising after the foreclosure, delivery of a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure, or appointment of a receiver, of the Mortgaged Property, pursuant to such Mortgage Loan and/or after the foreclosure, acceptance of a transfer in lieu of foreclosure or appointment of a receiver by a mezzanine lender under any related mezzanine loan, or, in certain cases, is taken or caused to be taken by the lender. |
In addition, there may be impediments and/or difficulties in enforcing some or all of the non-recourse carveout liability obligations of individual guarantors depending on the domicile or citizenship of the guarantor.
See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Mortgage Loans Are Non-Recourse and Are Not Insured or Guaranteed”.
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Real Estate and Other Tax Considerations
Below are descriptions of real estate tax matters relating to certain Mortgaged Properties.
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ, representing approximately 9.2% of the Initial Pool Balance, industrial development agency bonds in the amount of $34,605,000 (the “Initial IDA Bonds”) were issued by the Massachusetts Development Finance Agency (the “Agency”) pursuant to an agreement among the Agency, The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the City of Boston and the initial developers of the Mortgaged Property (the “IDA Agreement”), and an additional up to $15,395,000 bonds (the “Additional IDA Bonds,” and together with the Initial IDA Bonds, the “IDA Bonds”) may be issued under the IDA Agreement. Proceeds of the Initial IDA Bonds were paid to Vertex Pharmaceuticals, which leases all of the office, laboratory, mechanical and storage space (comprising 95.5% of total net rentable square feet) at the Mortgaged Property, as a tenant allowance. The IDA Bonds are required to be paid based on new tax revenue attributed to the Mortgaged Property relating to employment by Vertex Pharmaceuticals. If new tax revenue is insufficient to pay debt service on the IDA Bonds, the shortfall is required to be collected as an assessment against the buildings at the Mortgaged Property, and the building owners are required to maintain a liquidity reserve to pay such shortfalls. In addition, under the IDA Agreement, the related borrower, as building owner, has indemnity obligations for claims relating to the participation of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the City of Boston and the Agency in the related transactions, including failure to pay for infrastructure work, accident, injury or damage to improvements during construction, and breach of the IDA Agreement. On April 4, 2014, the Commissioner of Revenue of the Massachusetts Department of Revenue (the “Massachusetts Tax Commissioner”) issued a certification (i) reciting that under the IDA Agreement, once the new state tax revenues determined by the Massachusetts Tax Commissioner equal or exceed an amount equal to the principal amount of the IDA Bonds plus accrued interest to the date of determination, no further assessments may be levied against the buildings at the Mortgaged Property and the building owners will have no further obligations to fund a liquidity reserve, and (ii) stating that the Massachusetts Tax Commissioner was making such determination with respect to the Initial IDA Bonds but not with respect to any Additional IDA Bonds. The related borrower has covenanted in the related loan documents not to request the issuance of any unissued Initial IDA Bonds or any Additional IDA Bonds. The related loan documents provide for recourse to the borrower and guarantor for actual losses arising out of any (i) shortfall (as defined in the IDA Agreement) that is not timely paid by Vertex Pharmaceuticals, and/or (ii) indemnification obligations of the borrower under the IDA Agreement. |
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ, representing approximately 9.2% of the Initial Pool Balance, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, which leases all of the office, laboratory, storage and mechanical space (comprising 95.5% of total net rentable square feet) at the Mortgaged Property, is the beneficiary of a tax increment financing (“TIF”) program that expires June 30, 2018. Such TIF program may be revoked or reduced prior to such expiration date if Vertex does not satisfy certain employment expansion obligations. Such TIF program has been estimated to provide an aggregate tax savings to Vertex Pharmaceuticals of approximately |
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$9,000,000 from its inception in 2011 to its anticipated expiration date. While the Mortgage Loan was underwritten assuming that full real estate taxes are due and payable, and that such real estate taxes are fully reimbursed by Vertex Pharmaceuticals, expiration or early termination of the TIF program will nevertheless increase the actual costs to Vertex Pharmaceuticals of occupying the Mortgaged Property. |
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Riverside University Village, representing approximately 3.3% of the Initial Pool Balance, the related Mortgaged Property is subject to a deed of trust in favor of the City of Riverside, which is senior to the lender’s deed of trust. The deed of trust secured a U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development loan, which was paid off at loan origination, and a tax shortfall agreement. The tax shortfall agreement requires the borrower to pay a shortfall amount each year equal to the difference between actual property taxes incurred and a threshold amount established by the city. The tax shortfall agreement expires in 2023 and, based on historical payments, the annual shortfall amount is estimated to be approximately $30,000. Pursuant to the related loan documents, amounts required to be deposited in the tax and insurance reserve for payment of property taxes will take into account any tax shortfall amount owed under the tax shortfall agreement, and the borrower and guarantor are personally liable for losses resulting from the borrower’s failure to pay or make required reserve deposits for property taxes (including any tax shortfall amount), to the extent cash flow from the operation of the Mortgaged Property is sufficient to pay such amounts. |
See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Increases in Real Estate Taxes May Reduce Available Funds”.
Delinquency Information
As of the Cut-off Date, none of the Mortgage Loans will be 30 days or more delinquent and none of the Mortgage Loans have been 30 days or more delinquent since origination. A Mortgage Loan will be treated as 30 days delinquent if the scheduled payment for a due date is not received from the related borrower by the immediately following due date.
Certain Terms of the Mortgage Loans
Amortization of Principal
The Mortgage Loans provide for one or more of the following:
Seventeen (17) Mortgage Loans, representing approximately 33.0% of the Initial Pool Balance, require monthly payments of interest and principal based on amortization schedules significantly longer than the remaining term to stated maturity.
Ten (10) Mortgage Loans, representing approximately 28.9% of the Initial Pool Balance, provide for an initial interest-only period that expires between twenty-four (24) and sixty (60) months following the related origination date and thereafter require monthly payments of principal and interest based on amortization schedules significantly longer than the remaining term to stated maturity.
Eleven (11) Mortgage Loans, representing approximately 28.3% of the Initial Pool Balance, provide for interest only payments for the entire term to stated maturity, with no scheduled amortization prior to that date.
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One (1) Mortgage Loan, representing approximately 9.2% of the Initial Pool Balance, provides for interest-only payments prior to a specified Anticipated Repayment Date, occurring approximately ten years following the related origination date with respect to such Mortgage Loan, with no scheduled amortization prior to that date.
One (1) Mortgage Loan, representing approximately 0.6% of the Initial Pool Balance, requires monthly payments of interest and principal based on an amortization schedule equal to the original term to stated maturity.
Amortization Type | Number of Mortgage Loans | Aggregate Cut-off Date Balance | Approx. % of Initial Pool Balance | |||||||
Amortizing Balloon | 17 | $ | 287,192,852 | 33.0 | % | |||||
Interest-only, Amortizing Balloon | 10 | 252,010,000 | 28.9 | |||||||
Interest-only, Balloon | 11 | 246,387,500 | 28.3 | |||||||
Interest-only, ARD | 1 | 80,000,000 | 9.2 | |||||||
Fully Amortizing | 1 | 4,967,328 | 0.6 | |||||||
Total: | 40 | $ | 870,557,680 | 100.0 | % |
Due Dates; Mortgage Rates; Calculations of Interest
Subject in some cases to a next business day convention, all of the Mortgage Loans have due dates upon which scheduled payments of principal, interest or both are required to be made by the related borrower under the related Mortgage Note (each such date, a “Due Date”) that occur as described in the following table:
Overview of Due Dates
Due Date | Number of Mortgage Loans | Aggregate Cut-off Date Balance | Approx. % of Initial Pool Balance | |||||||
1 | 24 | $ | 487,816,751 | 56.0 | % | |||||
6 | 1 | 80,000,000 | 9.2 | |||||||
11 | 15 | 302,740,928 | 34.8 | |||||||
Total: | 40 | $ | 870,557,680 | 100.0 | % |
The Mortgage Loans have grace periods as set forth in the following table:
Overview of Grace Periods
Grace Period (Days) | Number of Mortgage Loans | Aggregate Cut-off Date Balance | Approx. % of Initial Pool Balance | |||||||
0 | 19 | $ | 500,244,221 | 57.5 | % | |||||
2 (twice per loan term) | 1 | 71,387,864 | 8.2 | |||||||
4 | 8 | 104,474,153 | 12.0 | |||||||
5 | 8 | 139,063,942 | 16.0 | |||||||
5 (twice per loan term) | 4 | 55,387,500 | 6.4 | |||||||
Total: | 40 | $ | 870,557,680 | 100.0 | % |
As used in this prospectus, “grace period” is the number of days before a payment default is an event of default under the terms of each Mortgage Loan. See Annex A-1 for information on the number of days before late payment charges are due under the Mortgage Loans. The information on Annex A-1 regarding the number of days before a late payment charge is due is based on the express terms of the Mortgage Loans. Some jurisdictions may impose a statutorily longer period.
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All of the Mortgage Loans are secured by first liens on, or security interests in fee simple, leasehold or a similar interest in the related Mortgaged Properties, subject to the permitted exceptions reflected in the related title insurance policy. All of the Mortgage Loans bear fixed interest rates.
All of the Mortgage Loans accrue interest on the basis of the actual number of days in a month, assuming a 360-day year (“Actual/360 Basis”).
ARD Loans
One (1) Mortgage Loan securing the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ (the “ARD Loan”), representing approximately 9.2% of the Initial Pool Balance, provides that, after a certain date (the “Anticipated Repayment Date”), if the related borrower has not prepaid the ARD Loan in full, any principal outstanding on that date will accrue interest at an increased interest rate (the “Revised Rate”) rather than the stated Mortgage Rate (the “Initial Rate”). See Annex A-3 under “Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ” for the Anticipated Repayment Date and the Revised Rate for the ARD Loan.
After its Anticipated Repayment Date, an ARD Loan further requires that all cash flow available from the related Mortgaged Properties after payment of the monthly debt service payments required under the terms of the related Mortgage Loan documents and all escrows and property expenses required under the related Mortgage Loan documents be used to accelerate amortization of principal (without payment of any Yield Maintenance Charge or Prepayment Premium) on an ARD Loan. However, with respect to the Mortgage Loan identified on Annex A-1 as Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ, representing approximately 9.2% of the Initial Pool Balance, provided that no event of default under the related Mortgage Loan documents is continuing, such excess cash flow is required to be applied to repay the related Whole Loan and a related mezzanine loan (having an original principal balance of $195,000,000) pro rata, based on their outstanding principal balances. In addition, with respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ, interest at the Revised Rate will be payable on a current basis. In addition, excess cash flow is calculated after payment of debt service on both the related Whole Loan and the related mezzanine loan, which debt service will include interest at the Revised Rate on the related Whole Loan and interest at a revised rate on the related mezzanine loan (which also accrues interest at a higher rate following the ARD, payable on a current basis). Excess Interest will be paid to the holders of the Class V certificates and the RRI Interest. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Risks of Anticipated Repayment Date Loans”.
Prepayment Protections and Certain Involuntary Prepayments
All of the Mortgage Loans have a degree of voluntary prepayment protection in the form of defeasance or prepayment lockout provisions and/or yield maintenance provisions. Voluntary prepayments, if permitted, generally require the payment of a Yield Maintenance Charge or a Prepayment Premium unless the Mortgage Loan (or Whole Loan, if applicable) is prepaid within a specified period (ranging from approximately 4 to 7 payments, and with respect to one (1) Mortgage Loan, representing approximately 0.7% of the Initial Pool Balance, 61 payments) up to and including the stated maturity date. See Annex A-1 and Annex A-2 for more information on the prepayment protections attributable to the Mortgage Loans on a loan-by-loan basis and a pool basis.
Additionally, certain Mortgage Loans may provide that in the event of the exercise of a purchase option by a tenant or the sale of real property or the release of a portion of the
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Mortgaged Property, that the related Mortgage Loans may be prepaid in part prior to the expiration of a prepayment/defeasance lockout provision. See “—Releases; Partial Releases” below.
Generally, no Yield Maintenance Charge will be required for prepayments in connection with a casualty or condemnation, unless, in the case of most of the Mortgage Loans, an event of default has occurred and is continuing. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Risks Relating to Enforceability of Yield Maintenance Charges, Prepayment Premiums or Defeasance Provisions” in the prospectus. In addition, certain of the Mortgage Loans permit the related borrower, after a total or partial casualty or partial condemnation, to prepay the remaining principal balance of the Mortgage Loan (after application of the related insurance proceeds or condemnation award to pay the principal balance of the Mortgage Loan), which may not be accompanied by any prepayment consideration.
Certain of the Mortgage Loans are secured in part by letters of credit and/or cash reserves that in each such case:
· | will be released to the related borrower upon satisfaction by the related borrower of certain performance related conditions, which may include, in some cases, meeting debt service coverage ratio levels and/or satisfying leasing conditions; and |
· | if not so released, may, at the discretion of the lender, prior to loan maturity (or earlier loan default or loan acceleration), be drawn on and/or applied to prepay the subject Mortgage Loan if such performance related conditions are not satisfied within specified time periods. |
With respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Aurora Office Building, representing approximately 3.7% of the Initial Pool Balance, the Mortgage Loan is permitted to be prepaid in part (including during the related Lock-out Period), together with payment of a yield maintenance premium, in order to avoid triggering a cash management event caused by a decline in the debt service coverage ratio below 1.20x. See the “Lockbox / Cash Management” section in the description relating to Aurora Office Building in Annex A-3.
See Annex A-1 and A-3 for more information on reserves relating to the largest 15 Mortgage Loans or groups of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans.
Voluntary Prepayments
As of origination, the following prepayment restrictions and defeasance provisions applied to the Mortgage Loans:
· | Twenty-six (26) of the Mortgage Loans, representing approximately 63.7% of the Initial Pool Balance, each prohibit voluntary principal prepayments during a specified period of time (each, a “Lock-out Period”) but permit the related borrower (after an initial period of at least two years following the date of initial issuance of the Offered Certificates) for a specified period to defease the related Mortgage Loan by pledging non-callable United States Treasury obligations and other non-callable government securities within the meaning of Section 2(a)(16) of the Investment Company Act, as amended (“Government Securities”) that provide for payment on or prior to each Due Date through and including the maturity date or Anticipated Repayment Date, as applicable (or, in some cases, such earlier Due Date on which the Mortgage Loan becomes freely prepayable), of amounts at least equal to the amounts that would have been payable on those dates under the |
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terms of the subject Mortgage Loan and obtaining the release of the related Mortgaged Property from the lien of the related mortgage, and thereafter such Mortgage Loan is freely prepayable. |
· | Four (4) of the Mortgage Loans, representing approximately 18.9% of the Initial Pool Balance, prohibit voluntary principal prepayments during a Lock-out Period, and following such Lock-out Period, for a specified period of time, permit the related borrower to make voluntary principal prepayments upon the payment of the greater of a Yield Maintenance Charge or Prepayment Premium or to defease such Mortgage Loan by pledging Government Securities (or in some cases, other securities, subject to certain REMIC and rating conditions) that provide for payment on or prior to each Due Date through and including the maturity date or Anticipated Repayment Date, as applicable (or, in some cases, such earlier Due Date on which the Mortgage Loan becomes freely prepayable), of amounts at least equal to the amounts that would have been payable on those dates under the terms of the subject Mortgage Loan and obtaining the release of the related Mortgaged Property from the lien of the related mortgage, and thereafter such Mortgage Loan is freely prepayable. |
· | Ten (10) of the Mortgage Loans, representing approximately 17.4% of the Initial Pool Balance, prohibit voluntary principal prepayments during a Lock-out Period, and following such Lock-out Period, permit voluntary principal prepayments upon the payment of the greater of a Yield Maintenance Charge or a Prepayment Premium for a period and thereafter such Mortgage Loan is freely prepayable. |
The Mortgage Loans generally permit voluntary prepayment without payment of a Yield Maintenance Charge or any Prepayment Premium during a limited “open period” immediately prior to and including the stated maturity date, as follows:
Prepayment Open Periods
Open Periods (Payments) | Number of Mortgage Loans | % of Initial Pool Balance | ||||
4-6 | 31 | 59.7 | % | |||
7-61 | 9 | 40.3 | ||||
Total | 40 | 100.0 | % |
See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Risks Relating to Enforceability of Yield Maintenance Charges, Prepayment Premiums or Defeasance Provisions”.
“Due-On-Sale” and “Due-On-Encumbrance” Provisions
The Mortgage Loans generally contain “due-on-sale” and “due-on-encumbrance” clauses, which in each case permits the holder of the Mortgage Loan to accelerate the maturity of the related Mortgage Loan if the related borrower sells or otherwise transfers or encumbers (subject to certain exceptions set forth in the Mortgage Loan documents) the related Mortgaged Property or a controlling interest in the borrower without the consent of the mortgagee (which, in some cases, may not be unreasonably withheld). Many of the Mortgage Loans place certain restrictions (subject to certain exceptions set forth in the Mortgage Loan documents) on the transfer and/or pledging of general partnership and managing member equity interests in a borrower such as specific percentage or control limitations. The terms of the mortgages generally permit, subject to certain limitations, affiliate, estate planning and family transfers, transfers at death, transfers of interest in a
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public company, the transfer or pledge of less than a controlling portion of the partnership, members’ or other equity interests in a borrower, the transfer or pledge of passive equity interests in a borrower (such as limited partnership interests and non-managing member interests in a limited liability company) and transfers to persons specified in or satisfying qualification criteria set forth in the related Mortgage Loan documents. Certain of the Mortgage Loans do not restrict the pledging of direct or indirect ownership interests in the related borrower, but do restrict the transfer of ownership interests in the related borrower by imposing a specific percentage, a control limitation or requiring the consent of the mortgagee to any such transfer. Generally, the Mortgage Loans do not prohibit transfers of non-controlling interests so long as no change of control results or, with respect to Mortgage Loans to tenant-in-common borrowers, transfers to new tenant-in-common borrowers. Certain of the Mortgage Loans do not prohibit the pledge by direct or indirect owners of the related borrower of equity distributions that may be made from time to time by the borrower to its equity owners.
Additionally, certain of the Mortgage Loans provide that transfers of the Mortgaged Property are permitted if certain conditions are satisfied, which may include one or more of the following:
· | no event of default has occurred; |
· | the proposed transferee is creditworthy and has sufficient experience in the ownership and management of properties similar to the Mortgaged Property; |
· | a Rating Agency Confirmation has been obtained from each of the Rating Agencies; |
· | the transferee has executed and delivered an assumption agreement evidencing its agreement to abide by the terms of the Mortgage Loan together with legal opinions and title insurance endorsements; and |
· | the assumption fee has been received (which assumption fee will be paid as described under “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing and Other Compensation and Payment of Expenses”, but will in no event be paid to the Certificateholders); however, certain of the Mortgage Loans allow the borrower to sell or otherwise transfer the related Mortgaged Property a limited number of times without paying an assumption fee. |
Transfers resulting from the foreclosure of a pledge of the collateral for a mezzanine loan (if any) will also result in a permitted transfer. See “—Additional Indebtedness” below.
Defeasance
The terms of thirty (30) of the Mortgage Loans (the “Defeasance Loans”), representing approximately 82.6% of the Initial Pool Balance, permit the applicable borrower at any time (provided that no event of default exists) after a specified period (the “Defeasance Lock-Out Period”) to obtain a release of a Mortgaged Property from the lien of the related Mortgage (a “Defeasance Option”) in connection with a defeasance. With respect to all of the Defeasance Loans, the Defeasance Lock-Out Period ends at least two years after the Closing Date.
Exercise of a Defeasance Option is also generally conditioned on, among other things, (a) the borrower providing the mortgagee with at least 30 days prior written notice of the date on which such defeasance will occur (such date, the “Release Date”), and (b) the borrower (A) paying on any Release Date (i) all accrued and unpaid interest on the principal
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balance of the Mortgage Loan (or, the related Whole Loan) up to and including the Release Date, (ii) all other sums (excluding scheduled interest or principal payments due following the Release Date), due under the Mortgage Loan (or Whole Loan, if applicable) and under all other Mortgage Loan documents executed in connection with the Defeasance Option, (iii) an amount (the “Defeasance Deposit”) that will be sufficient to (x) purchase non-callable obligations of, or backed by the full faith and credit of, the United States of America or, in certain cases, other “government securities” (within the meaning of Section 2(a)(16) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and otherwise satisfying REMIC requirements for defeasance collateral) or, in the case of the Mortgage Loan identified on Annex A-1 as Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ, representing approximately 9.2% of the Initial Pool Balance, other non-callable obligations, provided that such non-callable obligations do not cause the issuing entity to fail to qualify as a REMIC and a rating agency confirmation is obtained with respect to the use of such other obligations, that provide payments (1) on or prior to, but as close as possible to, all successive scheduled due dates occurring during the period from the Release Date to the related maturity date or Anticipated Repayment Date (or to the first day of the open period for such Mortgage Loan) (or Whole Loan, if applicable) and (2) in amounts equal to the scheduled payments due on such due dates under the Mortgage Loan (or Whole Loan, if applicable), or under the defeased portion of the Mortgage Loan (or Whole Loan, if applicable) in the case of a partial defeasance, including in the case of a Mortgage Loan with a balloon payment due at maturity or Anticipated Repayment Date, the balloon payment, and (y) pay any costs and expenses incurred in connection with the purchase of such government securities, and (B) delivering a security agreement granting the issuing entity a first priority lien on the Defeasance Deposit and, in certain cases, the government securities purchased with the Defeasance Deposit and an opinion of counsel to such effect. See “Risk Factors—Other Risks Relating to the Certificates—Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations May Assign Different Ratings to the Certificates; Ratings of the Certificates Reflect Only the Views of the Applicable Rating Agencies as of the Dates Such Ratings Were Issued; Ratings May Affect ERISA Eligibility; Ratings May Be Downgraded”.
For additional information on Mortgage Loans that permit partial defeasance, see “—Releases; Partial Releases” below.
In general, if consistent with the related Mortgage Loan documents, a successor borrower established, designated or approved by the master servicer will assume the obligations of the related borrower exercising a Defeasance Option and the borrower will be relieved of its obligations under the Mortgage Loan. If a Mortgage Loan (or Whole Loan, if applicable) is partially defeased, if consistent with the related Mortgage Loan documents, generally the related promissory note will be split and only the defeased portion of the borrower’s obligations will be transferred to the successor borrower.
Releases; Partial Releases
The Mortgage Loans described below permit the release of one or more of the Mortgaged Properties or a portion of a single Mortgaged Property in connection with a partial defeasance, a partial prepayment or a partial substitution, subject to the satisfaction of certain specified conditions, including the REMIC requirements. Additionally, certain Mortgage Loans permit the addition of real property to the Mortgage Loan collateral.
With respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the portfolio of Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as Simon Premium Outlets, representing approximately 4.3% of the Initial Pool Balance, the Mortgage Loan documents permit the partial release of either or both of the two Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as Gaffney Premium Outlets and Calhoun Premium Outlets in connection with (1) during the defeasance lockout period, a
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partial prepayment or (2) following the defeasance lockout period, a partial defeasance, subject to certain conditions, including: (i)(a) in connection with a partial release, prepayment of a portion of the Mortgage Loan in an amount equal to 120% of the allocated loan amount for the applicable release property (the “Release Amount”) and payment of a yield maintenance charge based on such Release Amount or (b) in connection with a partial defeasance, defeasance of a portion of the Mortgage Loan in an amount equal to the applicable Release Amount; (ii) the post-release combined debt service coverage ratio for remaining Mortgaged Properties in such portfolio is greater than or equal to the greater of (A) the pre-release combined debt service coverage ratio for all the Mortgaged Properties in such portfolio for the immediately preceding four calendar quarters and (B) 2.55x; (iii) satisfaction of REMIC requirements including, with respect to a partial defeasance, receipt of an opinion of counsel that the trust will not fail to maintain its status as a REMIC due to such partial defeasance, and (iv) in connection with a partial defeasance, receipt of a rating agency confirmation, to the extent required by the lender.
Furthermore, some of the Mortgage Loans permit the release or substitution of specified parcels of real estate or improvements that secure the Mortgage Loans but were not assigned any material value or considered a source of any material cash flow for purposes of determining the related Appraised Value or Underwritten Net Cash Flow or considered material to the use or operation of the property, or permit the general right to release as yet unidentified parcels if they are non-income producing so long as such release does not materially adversely affect the use or value of the remaining property, among other things. Such real estate may be permitted to be released, subject to certain REMIC rules, without payment of a release price and consequent reduction of the principal balance of the subject Mortgage Loan or substitution of additional collateral if zoning and other conditions are satisfied. We cannot assure you that the development of a release parcel, even if approved by the special servicer as having no material adverse effect to the remaining property, may not for some period of time either disrupt operations or lessen the value of the remaining property.
With respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 to this prospectus as West Crossing Shopping Center, such Mortgaged Property is subject to a repurchase option if certain environmental deed restrictions and covenants are violated; exercise of which repurchase option may result in the release of such Mortgaged Property as described under “Tenant Issues—Purchase Options and Rights of First Refusal.”
See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Risks Relating to Enforceability of Yield Maintenance Charges, Prepayment Premiums or Defeasance Provisions”.
Escrows
Thirty-two (32) of the Mortgage Loans, representing approximately 64.2% of the Initial Pool Balance, provide for monthly or upfront escrows to cover property taxes on the Mortgaged Properties.
Twenty-three (23) of the Mortgage Loans, representing approximately 43.9% of the Initial Pool Balance, provide for monthly or upfront escrows to cover ongoing replacements and capital repairs.
Fourteen (14) of the Mortgage Loans, representing approximately 30.4% of the Initial Pool Balance, are secured in whole or in part by office, retail, industrial and mixed use properties, provide for upfront or monthly escrows (or credit) for the full term or a portion of the term of the related Mortgage Loan to cover anticipated re-leasing costs, including
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tenant improvements and leasing commissions or other lease termination or occupancy issues. Such escrows are typically considered for office, retail, industrial and mixed use properties only.
Ten (10) of the Mortgage Loans, representing approximately 23.1% of the Initial Pool Balance, provide for monthly or upfront escrows to cover insurance premiums on the Mortgaged Properties.
One (1) of the Mortgage Loans, representing approximately 4.0% of the Initial Pool Balance, provides for monthly or upfront escrows to cover planned capital expenditures or franchise-mandated property improvement plans.
Certain of the Mortgage Loans described above permit the related borrower to post a letter of credit or guaranty in lieu of maintaining cash reserves. In addition, in certain cases, the related borrower may not be required to maintain the escrows described above until the occurrence of a specified trigger.
Many of the Mortgage Loans provide for other escrows and reserves, including, in certain cases, reserves for debt service, operating expenses, vacancies at the related Mortgaged Property and other shortfalls or reserves to be released under circumstances described in the related Mortgage Loan documents.
Mortgaged Property Accounts
Cash Management. The Mortgage Loan documents prescribe the manner in which the related borrowers are permitted to collect rents from tenants at each Mortgaged Property. The following table sets forth the account mechanics prescribed for the Mortgage Loans:
Cash Management Types
Type of Lockbox | Mortgage Loans | Aggregate Cut-off Date Balance of Mortgage Loans | Approx. % of Initial Pool Balance | ||||||||
Hard/Springing Cash Management | 11 | $ | 384,244,714 | 44.1 | % | ||||||
Springing | 17 | 265,347,101 | 30.5 | ||||||||
Hard/Upfront Cash Management | 4 | 118,500,000 | 13.6 | ||||||||
Soft/Springing Cash Management | 3 | 63,900,000 | 7.3 | ||||||||
None | 5 | 38,565,864 | 4.4 | ||||||||
Total: | 40 | $ | 870,557,680 | 100.0 | % |
The following is a description of the types of cash management provisions to which the borrowers under the Mortgage Loans are subject:
· | Hard/Upfront Cash Management. The related borrower is required to instruct the tenants and other payors (including any third party property managers) to pay all rents and other revenue directly to a lockbox account controlled by the applicable servicer on behalf of the issuing entity. Funds are then swept into a cash management account controlled by the applicable servicer on behalf of the issuing entity and then applied by the applicable servicer in accordance with the related Mortgage Loan documents. This typically includes the payment of debt service |
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and, in some cases, expenses at the related Mortgaged Property. Generally, excess funds may then be remitted to the related borrower. |
· | Hard/Springing Cash Management. The related borrower is required to instruct the tenants and other payors (including any third party property managers) to pay all rents and other revenue directly to a lockbox account controlled by the applicable servicer on behalf of the issuing entity. Until the occurrence of a “trigger” event, which typically includes an event of default under the Mortgage Loan documents, such funds are forwarded to an account controlled by the related borrower or are otherwise made available to the related borrower. From and after the occurrence of such a “trigger” event, only the portion of such funds remaining after the payment of current debt service, the funding of reserves and, in some cases, expenses at the related Mortgaged Property are to be forwarded or otherwise made available to the related borrower or, in some cases, maintained in an account controlled by the servicer as additional collateral for the loan until the “trigger” event ends or terminates in accordance with the loan documentation. |
· | Soft/Upfront Cash Management. Revenue from the related Mortgaged Property is generally paid by the tenants and other payors to the related borrower or the property manager. The related borrower or property manager, as applicable, then forwards such funds to a lockbox account controlled by the applicable servicer on behalf of the issuing entity. Funds are then swept into a cash management account controlled by the applicable servicer on behalf of the issuing entity and applied by the servicer in accordance with the related Mortgage Loan documents. This typically includes the payment of debt service and, in some cases, expenses at the related Mortgaged Property. Generally, excess funds may then be remitted to the related borrower. |
· | Soft/Springing Cash Management. Revenue from the related Mortgaged Property is generally paid by the tenants and other payors (including any third party property managers) to the related borrower or the property manager. The related borrower or property manager, as applicable, then forwards such funds to a lockbox account controlled by the applicable servicer on behalf of the issuing entity. Until the occurrence of a “trigger” event, which typically includes an event of default under the Mortgage Loan documents, such funds are forwarded to an account controlled by the related borrower or are otherwise made available to the related borrower. In some cases, upon the occurrence of such a “trigger” event, the Mortgage Loan documents will require the related borrower to instruct tenants and/or other payors to pay directly into an account controlled by the applicable servicer on behalf of the issuing entity. All funds held in such lockbox account controlled by the applicable servicer following such “trigger” event will be applied by the applicable servicer in accordance with the related Mortgage Loan documents. From and after the occurrence of such a trigger event, only the portion of such funds remaining after the payment of current debt service and, in some cases, expenses at the related Mortgaged Property are to be forwarded or otherwise made available to the related borrower. |
· | Springing. A lockbox account is established at origination or upon the occurrence of certain “trigger” events. Revenue from the related Mortgaged Property is generally paid by the tenants and other payors to the related borrower or property manager. The Mortgage Loan documents provide that, upon the occurrence of a “trigger” event, which typically includes an event of default under the Mortgage Loan documents, the related borrower would be required to instruct tenants to pay directly into such lockbox account or, if tenants are directed to pay to the related |
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borrower or the property manager, the related borrower or property manager, as applicable, would then forward such funds to a lockbox account controlled by the applicable servicer on behalf of the issuing entity. Funds are then swept into a cash management account controlled by the servicer on behalf of the issuing entity and applied by the servicer in accordance with the related Mortgage Loan documents. This typically includes the payment of debt service and, in some cases, expenses at the related Mortgaged Property. Excess funds may then be remitted to the related borrower. |
· | None. Revenue from the related Mortgaged Property is paid to the related borrower and is not subject to a lockbox account as of the Closing Date, and no lockbox account is required to be established during the term of the related Mortgage Loan. |
In connection with any hard lockbox cash management, income deposited directly into the related lockbox account may not include amounts paid in cash and/or checks that are paid directly to the related property manager, notwithstanding requirements to the contrary. Furthermore, with respect to certain multifamily and hospitality properties considered to have a hard lockbox, cash, checks and “over-the-counter” receipts may be deposited into the lockbox account by the property manager. Mortgage Loans whose terms call for the establishment of a lockbox account require that the amounts paid to the property manager will be deposited into the applicable lockbox account on a regular basis. Lockbox accounts will not be assets of the issuing entity. See the footnotes to Annex A-1 for more information regarding lockbox provisions for the Mortgage Loans.
Exceptions to Underwriting Guidelines
See “Transaction Parties—The Sponsors and Mortgage Loan Sellers—Wells Fargo Bank, National Association—Wells Fargo Bank’s Commercial Mortgage Loan Underwriting”; “— Bank of America, National Association—Bank of America’s Commercial Mortgage Loan Underwriting Standards” and “—Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC—Morgan Stanley Group’s Underwriting Standards”.
None of the Mortgage Loans were originated with material exceptions to the related mortgage loan seller’s underwriting guidelines.
Additional Indebtedness
General
The Mortgage Loans generally prohibit borrowers from incurring any additional debt secured by their Mortgaged Property without the consent of the lender. However:
· | substantially all of the Mortgage Loans permit the related borrower to incur limited indebtedness in the ordinary course of business that is not secured by the related Mortgaged Property; |
· | the borrowers under certain of the Mortgage Loans have incurred and/or may incur in the future unsecured debt other than in the ordinary course of business; |
· | any borrower that is not required pursuant to the terms of the related Mortgage Loan documents to meet single purpose entity criteria may not be restricted from incurring unsecured debt or mezzanine debt; |
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· | the terms of certain Mortgage Loans permit the borrowers to post letters of credit and/or surety bonds for the benefit of the mortgagee under the Mortgage Loans, which may constitute a contingent reimbursement obligation of the related borrower or an affiliate. The issuing bank or surety will not typically agree to subordination and standstill protection benefiting the mortgagee; |
· | although the Mortgage Loans generally place certain restrictions on incurring mezzanine debt by the pledging of general partnership and managing member equity interests in a borrower, such as specific percentage or control limitations, the terms of the Mortgage Loan documents generally permit, subject to certain limitations, the pledge of the limited partnership or non-managing membership equity interests in a borrower or less than a controlling interest of any other equity interests in a borrower; and |
· | certain of the Mortgage Loans do not restrict the pledging of ownership interests in the borrower, but do restrict the transfer of ownership interests in a borrower by imposing limitations on transfer of control or a specific percentage of ownership interests. |
Whole Loans
Certain Mortgage Loans are subject to the rights of a related Companion Loan holder, as further described in “—The Whole Loans” below.
Mezzanine Indebtedness
Although the Mortgage Loans generally place certain restrictions on incurring mezzanine debt by the pledging of general partnership and managing member equity interests in a borrower, such as specific percentage or control limitations, the terms of the Mortgage Loan documents generally permit, subject to certain limitations, the pledge of less than a controlling portion of the equity interests in a borrower or the pledge of limited partnership or non-managing membership equity interests in a borrower. Certain Mortgage Loans described below permit the incurrence of mezzanine debt subject to satisfaction of certain conditions including a certain maximum combined loan-to-value ratio and/or a minimum combined debt service coverage ratio. Also, certain of the Mortgage Loans do not restrict the pledging of ownership interests in the related borrower, but do restrict the transfer of ownership interests in a borrower by imposing limitations on transfer of control or a specific percentage of ownership interests. In addition, in general, a borrower (or its direct or indirect owners) that does not meet single-purpose entity criteria may not be restricted in any way from incurring mezzanine debt.
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As of the Cut-off Date, each sponsor has informed us that it is aware of the following existing mezzanine indebtedness with respect to the Mortgage Loans it is selling to the depositor:
Mortgage Loan Name | Mortgage Loan Cut-off Date Balance | Percentage of Initial Pool Balance | Mezzanine Debt Cut-off Date Balance | Companion Loan Cut-off Date Balance | Cut-off Date Total Debt Balance | Cut-off Date Wtd. Avg. Total Debt Interest Rate(1) | Cut-off Date Mortgage Loan LTV Ratio(2) | Cut-off Date Total Debt LTV Ratio(1) | Cut-off Date Mortgage Loan Underwritten NCF DSCR(2) | Cut-off Date Total Debt Underwritten NCF DSCR(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ(3) | $ | 80,000,000 | 9.2 | % | $ | 195,000,000 | $ | 345,000,000 | $ | 620,000,000 | 3.530 | % | 35.5 | % | 51.8 | % | 6.28 | x | 3.42 | x |
(1) | Calculated including the mezzanine debt and any related Companion Loan. Cut-off Date Wtd. Avg. Total Debt Interest Rate is based on the interest rate of the related Whole Loan and the related mezzanine loan as of the Cut-off Date, and the Cut-off Date Total Debt Underwritten NCF DSCR is calculated based on such initial interest rates. Both the Whole Loan and the related Mezzanine Loan bear interest at an increased rate, payable currently, after the Anticipated Repayment Date. |
(2) | Calculated including any related Companion Loan. Cut-off Date Mortgage Loan Underwritten NCF DSCR is based on the interest rate of the Whole Loan as of the Cut-off Date. The Whole Loan bears interest at an increased rate, payable currently, after the Anticipated Repayment Date. |
(3) | The related mezzanine loan was co-originated by MSMCH (in the principal amount of $136,500,000) and Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp. (in the principal amount of $58,500,000) and is currently held by a third party that is not affiliated with the related sponsor. |
In each case, the mezzanine indebtedness is coterminous with the related Mortgage Loan.
The mezzanine loan related to the Mortgage Loan identified in the table above secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ, representing approximately 9.2% of the Initial Pool Balance, is subject to an intercreditor agreement between the holder of the related mezzanine loan and the related lender under the related Mortgage Loan that sets forth the relative priorities between the related Mortgage Loan and the related mezzanine loan. The related intercreditor agreement provides, among other things, generally that (a) all payments due under the related mezzanine loan are subordinate after an event of default under the related Mortgage Loan to any and all payments required to be made under the related Mortgage Loan (except for any payments from funds other than the mortgaged property or proceeds of any enforcement upon the mezzanine loan collateral and any mezzanine loan guarantees), (b) so long as there is no event of default under the related Mortgage Loan documents (provided that in certain cases, an event of default under the related Mortgage Loan documents will not be deemed to exist if cured by the mezzanine lender or, if such event of default is not susceptible of cure, if the mezzanine lender is diligently pursuing foreclosure of its equity interests) the related mezzanine lender may accept payments on and prepayments of the related mezzanine loan, (c) the related mezzanine lender will have certain rights to receive notice of and cure defaults under the related Mortgage Loan prior to any acceleration or enforcement of the related Mortgage Loan, (d) the related mezzanine lender may amend or modify the related mezzanine loan in certain respects without the consent of the related mortgage lender, and the mortgage lender must obtain the mezzanine lender’s consent to amend or modify the Mortgage Loan in certain respects, (e) upon the occurrence of an event of default under the related mezzanine loan documents, the related mezzanine lender may foreclose upon the membership interests in the related Mortgage Loan borrower, which could result in a change of control with respect to the related Mortgage Loan borrower and a change in the management of the related Mortgaged Properties, (f) if the related Mortgage Loan is accelerated or, in some cases, becomes specially serviced or if a monetary or material non-monetary default occurs and continues for a specified period of time under the related Mortgage Loan or if the Mortgage Loan borrower becomes a debtor in a bankruptcy or if the related Mortgage Loan lender exercises any enforcement action under the related Mortgage Loan documents with respect to the related Mortgage Loan borrower or the related Mortgaged Properties, the related
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mezzanine lender has the right to purchase the related Mortgage Loan, in whole but not in part, for a price generally equal to the outstanding principal balance of the related Mortgage Loan, together with all accrued interest and other amounts due thereon, plus any advances made by the related Mortgage Loan lender or its servicer and any interest thereon plus, subject to certain limitations, any Liquidation Fees and Special Servicing Fees payable under the PSA, but generally excluding any late charges, default interest, exit fees, spread maintenance charges payable in connection with a prepayment or Yield Maintenance Charges and Prepayment Premiums and (g) an event of default under the related Mortgage Loan will trigger an event of default under the mezzanine loan.
The Mortgage Loans generally place certain restrictions on the transfer and/or pledging of general partnership and managing member equity interests in a borrower such as specific percentage or control limitations as described under “—Certain Terms of the Mortgage Loans—“Due-On-Sale” and “Due-On-Encumbrance” Provisions” above. Certain of the Mortgage Loans do not prohibit the pledge by direct or indirect owners of the related borrower of equity distributions that may be made from time to time by the borrower to its equity owners.
Generally, upon a default under a mezzanine loan, subject to the terms of any applicable intercreditor or subordination agreement, the holder of the mezzanine loan would be entitled to foreclose upon the equity in the related borrower, which has been pledged to secure payment of such debt. Although this transfer of equity may not trigger the due on sale clause under the related Mortgage Loan, it could cause a change in control of the borrower and/or cause the obligor under the mezzanine loan to file for bankruptcy, which could negatively affect the operation of the related Mortgaged Property and the related borrower’s ability to make payments on the related Mortgage Loan in a timely manner.
Other Secured Indebtedness
With respect to two (2) Mortgage Loans secured by the Mortgaged Property or portfolio of Mortgaged Properties identified as The Shops at Crystals and Simon Premium Outlets on Annex A-1, representing approximately 13.5% of the Initial Pool Balance, without the prior consent of the lender, the related borrower is prohibited from entering into a property assessed clean energy loan that is repaid through multi-year assessments against the related Mortgaged Property; provided that the borrower is permitted to obtain such loan (which, in the case of The Shops at Crystals, is not to exceed $7,000,000), subject to the mortgage lender’s consent and delivery of a Rating Agency Confirmation. Failure to timely pay such assessments can give rise to a lien against the related Mortgaged Property.
Other Unsecured Indebtedness
The Mortgage Loans generally permit a pledge of the same direct and indirect ownership interests in any borrower that could be transferred without the lender consent. See “—Certain Terms of the Mortgage Loans—“Due-on-Sale” and “Due-on-Encumbrance” Provisions” above.
Some of the Mortgage Loans permit certain affiliates of the related borrower to pledge their indirect ownership interests in the borrower including, but not limited to, pledges to an institutional lender providing a corporate line of credit or corporate credit facility as collateral for such corporate line of credit or corporate credit facility. In connection with those pledges, the Mortgage Loan documents for such Mortgage Loans may: (i) contain limitations on the amounts that such collateral may secure and prohibit foreclosure of such pledges unless such foreclosure would represent a transfer otherwise permitted under the Mortgage Loan documents but do not prohibit a change in control in the event of a
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permitted foreclosure; or (ii) require that such financing be secured by at least a certain number of assets other than such ownership interests in the related borrower.
With respect to each of the Mortgage Loans secured by the Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as FedEx – Atlanta, GA, FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL, FedEx – Fife, WA, and FedEx – Boulder, CO, representing approximately 1.6%, 1.4%, 2.3% and 1.1%, respectively, of the Initial Pool Balance, there is an intracompany loan secured by the equity interests in the related borrower among various affiliates of such borrower. Foreclosure on such intracompany loan would change ownership of the economic rights in such borrower, however, foreclosure would not change ownership of the borrower outside of such affiliates. Such intracompany loans are not secured by the related mortgaged property.
In addition, the borrowers under some of the Mortgage Loans have incurred or are permitted to incur unsecured subordinate debt (in addition to trade payables, equipment financing and other debt incurred in the ordinary course) subject to the terms of the related Mortgage Loan documents.
Prospective investors should assume that all or substantially all of the Mortgage Loans permit their borrowers to incur a limited amount (generally in an amount not more than 5% of the original Mortgage Loan balance or an amount otherwise normal and reasonable under the circumstances) of trade payables, equipment financing and/or other unsecured indebtedness in the ordinary course of business or an unsecured credit line to be used for working capital purposes. In addition, certain of the Mortgage Loans allow the related borrower to receive unsecured loans from equity owners, provided that such loans are subject to and subordinate to the applicable Mortgage Loan.
Certain risks relating to additional debt are described in “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Other Financings or Ability to Incur Other Indebtedness Entails Risk”.
The Whole Loans
General
The Mortgage Loans secured by the Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as The Shops at Crystals, Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ, One Stamford Forum, Pinnacle II, Simon Premium Outlets, One Penn Center, FedEx – Atlanta, GA, FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL, FedEx – Fife, WA and FedEx – Boulder, CO are each part of a Whole Loan consisting of such Mortgage Loan and the related Companion Loan(s). In connection with each Whole Loan, the rights between the trustee on behalf of the issuing entity and the holder(s) of the related Companion Loan(s) (the “Companion Holder” or “Companion Holders”) are generally governed by an intercreditor agreement or a co-lender agreement (each, an “Intercreditor Agreement”). With respect to each of the Whole Loans, the related Mortgage Loan and the related Companion Loan(s) are cross-collateralized and cross-defaulted.
The following terms are used in reference to the Whole Loans:
“Companion Loan Rating Agency” means any NRSRO rating any serviced companion loan securities.
“Non-Serviced Certificate Administrator” means with respect to The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan, the certificate administrator under the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement.
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“Non-Serviced Companion Loan” means each of The Shops at Crystals Pari Passu Companion Loans and The Shops at Crystals Subordinate Companion Loans.
“Non-Serviced Directing Certificateholder” means with respect to The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan, the directing certificateholder (or the equivalent) under the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement.
“Non-Serviced Master Servicer” means with respect to The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan, the master servicer under the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement.
“Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan” means The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan.
“Non-Serviced PSA” means with respect to The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan, the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement.
“Non-Serviced Special Servicer” means with respect to The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan, the special servicer under the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement.
“Non-Serviced Subordinate Companion Loan” means each of The Shops at Crystals Subordinate Companion Loans.
“Non-Serviced Trustee” means with respect to The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan, the trustee under the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement.
“Non-Serviced Whole Loan” means The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan.
“Other Master Servicer” means, with respect to the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan, the One Stamford Forum Whole Loan, the Pinnacle II Whole Loan, the Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan, the One Penn Center Whole Loan, the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Whole Loan, the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Whole Loan, the FedEx – Fife, WA Whole Loan and the FedEx – Boulder, CO Whole Loan, the master servicer that will be appointed under a pooling and servicing agreement that creates the trust whose assets include a Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Companion Loan, a One Stamford Forum Companion Loan, a Pinnacle II Companion Loan, a Simon Premium Outlets Companion Loan, a One Penn Center Companion Loan, a FedEx – Atlanta, GA Companion Loan, a FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Companion Loan, a FedEx – Fife, WA Companion Loan or a FedEx – Boulder, CO Companion Loan.
“Other PSA” means with respect to the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan, the One Stamford Forum Whole Loan, the Pinnacle II Whole Loan, the Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan, the One Penn Center Whole Loan, the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Whole Loan, the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Whole Loan, the FedEx – Fife, WA Whole Loan or the FedEx – Boulder, CO Whole Loan, any pooling and servicing agreement that creates the trust whose assets include a Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Companion Loan, a One Stamford Forum Companion Loan, a Pinnacle II Companion Loan, a Simon Premium Outlets Companion Loan, a One Penn Center Companion Loan, a FedEx – Atlanta, GA Companion Loan, a FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Companion Loan, a FedEx – Fife, WA Whole Loan or a FedEx – Boulder, CO Companion Loan, as applicable.
“Pari Passu Mortgage Loan” means any of the Serviced Pari Passu Mortgage Loans or the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan.
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“Serviced Companion Loan” means each of the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Companion Loans, the One Stamford Forum Companion Loan, the Pinnacle II Companion Loans, the Simon Premium Outlets Companion Loans, the One Penn Center Companion Loan, the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Companion Loan, the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Companion Loan, the FedEx – Fife, WA Companion Loan and the FedEx – Boulder, CO Companion Loan.
“Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan” means each of the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Companion Loans, the One Stamford Forum Companion Loan, the Pinnacle II Companion Loans, the Simon Premium Outlets Companion Loans, the One Penn Center Companion Loan, the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Companion Loan, the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Companion Loan, the FedEx – Fife, WA Companion Loan and the FedEx – Boulder, CO Companion Loan.
“Serviced Pari Passu Mortgage Loan” means each of the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Mortgage Loan, the One Stamford Forum Mortgage Loan, the Pinnacle II Mortgage Loan, the Simon Premium Outlets Mortgage Loan, the One Penn Center Mortgage Loan, the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Mortgage Loan, the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Mortgage Loan, the FedEx – Fife, WA Mortgage Loan and the FedEx – Boulder, CO Mortgage Loan.
“Serviced Whole Loan” means each of the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan, the One Stamford Forum Whole Loan, the Pinnacle II Whole Loan, the Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan, the One Penn Center Whole Loan, the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Whole Loan, the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Whole Loan, the FedEx – Fife, WA Whole Loan and the FedEx – Boulder, CO Whole Loan.
“Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement” means the trust and servicing agreement governing the servicing of The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan and relating to the securitization of certain of The Shops at Crystals Companion Loans.
“Subordinate Companion Loan” means The Shops at Crystals Subordinate Companion Loans.
The table below provides certain information with respect to each Mortgage Loan that has a corresponding Companion Loan:
Whole Loan Summary
Mortgage Loan Name | Mortgage Loan Cut-off Date Balance | % of Initial Pool Balance | Pari Passu Companion Loan Cut-off Date Balance | Subordinate Companion Loan Cut-off Date Balance | Mortgage Loan LTV Ratio(1) | Whole Loan LTV Ratio(2) | Mortgage Loan Underwritten NCF DSCR(1) | Whole Loan Underwritten NCF DSCR(2) | |||||||||||||||||
The Shops at Crystals | $80,000,000 | 9.2 | % | $ | 302,700,000 | $167,300,000 | 34.8 | % | 50.0 | % | 3.28 | x | 2.28 | x | |||||||||||
Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ | $80,000,000 | 9.2 | % | $ | 345,000,000 | N/A | 35.5 | % | 35.5 | % | 6.28 | x | 6.28 | x | |||||||||||
One Stamford Forum | $71,387,864 | 8.2 | % | $ | 38,439,619 | N/A | 48.4 | % | 48.4 | % | 1.55 | x | 1.55 | x | |||||||||||
Pinnacle II | $40,000,000 | 4.6 | % | $ | 47,000,000 | N/A | 61.3 | % | 61.3 | % | 1.96 | x | 1.96 | x | |||||||||||
Simon Premium Outlets | $37,399,290 | 4.3 | % | $ | 67,318,722 | N/A | 46.8 | % | 46.8 | % | 2.55 | x | 2.55 | x | |||||||||||
One Penn Center | $35,000,000 | 4.0 | % | $ | 33,000,000 | N/A | 74.7 | % | 74.7 | % | 1.26 | x | 1.26 | x | |||||||||||
FedEx – Atlanta, GA | $14,200,000 | 1.6 | % | $ | 14,200,000 | N/A | 54.3 | %(3) | 54.3 | %(3) | 2.40 | x(3) | 2.40 | x(3) | |||||||||||
FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL | $11,837,500 | 1.4 | % | $ | 11,837,500 | N/A | 54.3 | %(3) | 54.3 | %(3) | 2.40 | x(3) | 2.40 | x(3) | |||||||||||
FedEx – Fife, WA | $20,125,000 | 2.3 | % | $ | 20,125,000 | N/A | 54.4 | % | 54.4 | % | 2.43 | x | 2.43 | x | |||||||||||
FedEx – Boulder, CO | $ 9,225,000 | 1.1 | % | $ | 9,225,000 | N/A | 53.5 | % | 53.5 | % | 2.37 | x | 2.37 | x |
(1) | Calculated including any related Companion Loans but excluding any related Subordinate Companion Loan. |
(2) | Calculated including any related Companion Loans and any related Subordinate Companion Loan. |
(3) | The FedEx – Atlanta, GA and FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL whole loans are cross-collateralized and cross-defaulted with one another. Applicable loan-to-value ratios and debt service coverage ratios are based upon the aggregate indebtedness evidenced by both whole loans (without regard to the limitation on the amount of indebtedness secured by the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Mortgaged Property). |
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The Serviced Pari Passu Whole Loans
The Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan
General
The mortgaged property identified on Annex A-1 to this prospectus as Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ (the “Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Mortgaged Property”) secures a Whole Loan evidenced by nine (9) promissory notes (collectively, the “Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Notes”): (1) “Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-1” in the original principal amount of $80,000,000, (2) “Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-2-1” in the original principal amount of $40,000,000, (3) “Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-2-2” in the original principal amount of $30,000,000, (4) “Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-2-3” in the original principal amount of $10,000,000, (5)“Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-3” in the original principal amount of $80,000,000, (6) “Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-4” in the original principal amount of $57,500,000, (7) “Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-5” in the original principal amount of $30,000,000, (8) “Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-6” in the original principal amount of $75,000,000 and (9) “Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-7” in the original principal amount of $22,500,000.
The Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-1 will be included in the Trust, will be a “Mortgage Loan” and is referred to herein as the “Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Mortgage Loan”. The Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-2-1, the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-2-2, the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-2-3, the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-3, the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-4, the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-5, the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-6 and the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-7 will not be included in the Trust, will be “Pari Passu Companion Loans” and are referred to herein as the “Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Pari Passu Companion Loans”. The Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Pari Passu Companion Loans are pari passu in right of payment with the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Mortgage Loan. Morgan Stanley Bank currently holds the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-1, the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-2-1, the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-2-2, the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-2-3, the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-3 and the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-4, and Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp. currently holds the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-5, the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-6 and the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-7. The Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Mortgage Loan and the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Pari Passu Companion Loans are collectively referred to herein as the “Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan”.
Servicing
The Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan will be serviced by the master servicer and the special servicer pursuant to the terms of the PSA, subject to the terms of the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Intercreditor Agreement.
Advances
None of the master servicer, the special servicer or the trustee, as applicable, will be required to make P&I Advances on the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Pari Passu Companion Loans, but the master servicer or the trustee, as applicable, will be required to make Servicing Advances, and the special servicer may make certain Servicing Advances, on the
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Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan, unless such party or the special servicer, in the case of the master servicer and the trustee, determines that such a Servicing Advance would be a Nonrecoverable Advance.
Distributions
Pursuant to the intercreditor agreement entered into between the holders of the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Notes (the “Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Intercreditor Agreement”), the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Mortgage Loan is pari passu in right of payment with the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Pari Passu Companion Loans. The Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Intercreditor Agreement provides, in general, that:
· | the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Notes are of equal priority with each other and none of such promissory notes will have priority or preference over any other such promissory note; and |
· | all payments, proceeds and other recoveries on the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan (exclusive of proceeds, awards or settlements to be applied to the restoration or repair of the related Mortgaged Property or released to the borrower in accordance with the terms of the related Mortgage Loan documents) will be applied to the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Notes on a pro rata and pari passu basis (subject, in each case, to (a) certain amounts for escrows or reserves required by the Mortgage Loan documents and (b) certain payment and reimbursement rights of the master servicer, the special servicer or the trustee, as applicable, in accordance with the terms of the PSA). |
Certain costs and expenses (such as a pro rata share of a Servicing Advance) allocable to a Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Companion Loan may be paid or reimbursed out of payments and other collections on the Mortgage Pool, subject to the Trust’s right to reimbursement from future payments and other collections on such Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Companion Loan or from general collections with respect to any securitization of such Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Companion Loan.
Consultation and Control
The Directing Certificateholder under the PSA will be entitled to exercise the rights of controlling holder with respect to the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan prior to the occurrence of a Control Termination Event and will have all rights with respect to the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan set forth in the PSA; provided that if, prior to a Control Termination Event, the Directing Certificateholder is (or is an affiliate of) any related borrower, the Directing Certificateholder will not be entitled to exercise any such rights of the controlling holder and there will be deemed to be no controlling holder with respect to the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan. As such, pursuant to the terms of the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Intercreditor Agreement, certain decisions to be made with respect to the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan, including certain major decisions (which are the same as Major Decisions under the PSA) will require the approval of the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Controlling Note Holder.
The Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Intercreditor Agreement also provides that:
· | If the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, determines that immediate action is necessary to protect the interests of the holders of the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Notes, it may make any Major Decision with respect to the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan or take any action set forth |
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in any applicable Asset Status Report before the expiration of the aforementioned ten (10) business day period. | ||
· | No objection, direction or advice contemplated by the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Intercreditor Agreement and described above may require or cause the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, to violate any provision of the related Mortgage Loan documents, applicable law, the PSA, the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Intercreditor Agreement, the REMIC provisions of the Code or the master servicer’s or the special servicer’s obligation to act in accordance with the Servicing Standard. |
The master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, will be required (i) to provide to each Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Non-Controlling Holder (as defined below) copies of any notice, information and report that it is required to provide to the Directing Certificateholder with respect to (notwithstanding the existence of any Control Termination Event under the PSA) the implementation of any recommended actions outlined in an Asset Status Report relating to the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan or any proposed action to be taken in respect of a Major Decision with respect to the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan (for this purpose, without regard to whether such items are actually required to be provided to the Directing Certificateholder due to the occurrence of a Control Termination Event or Consultation Termination Event) and (ii) to consult with each Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Non-Controlling Holder on a strictly non-binding basis (to the extent such party requests consultation after having received the aforementioned notices, information and reports) with respect to any such recommended action by the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, or any proposed decision to be made by the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, in respect of the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan that constitutes a Major Decision.
Such consultation right will expire ten (10) business days after the delivery to such Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Non-Controlling Holder of written notice of a proposed action (together with copies of the notices, information and reports required to be delivered thereto), whether or not such Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Non-Controlling Holder has responded within such period (unless the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, proposes a new course of action that is materially different from the action previously proposed, in which case such ten (10) business day period will be deemed to begin anew). In no event will the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, be obligated to follow or take any alternative actions recommended by any Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Non-Controlling Holder (or its representative).
In addition to the aforementioned consultation right, each Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Non-Controlling Holder will have the right to annual meetings (which may be held telephonically) with the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, upon reasonable notice and at times reasonably acceptable to the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, in which servicing issues related to the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan are discussed.
A “Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Non-Controlling Holder” is any holder of a Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Pari Passu Companion Loan, and from and after the date that a Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Pari Passu Companion Loan is securitized, the “directing certificateholder”, “controlling class representative” or other designated party under, and as and to the extent provided for in, the related PSA entered into in connection with the related securitization will be entitled to exercise the rights of such Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Non-Controlling Holder; provided that for so long as 50% or more of a Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Pari Passu Companion Loan is held by (or the majority “controlling class” holder or other
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designated party (as described above) under the related PSA is) a related borrower or an affiliate thereof, the related Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Non-Controlling Holder will not be entitled to exercise any of the rights described above, and as to such Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Pari Passu Companion Loan, there will be deemed to be no Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Non-Controlling Holder.
Sale of Defaulted Mortgage Loan
The holders of the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan acknowledged in Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Intercreditor Agreement that the PSA will provide that if the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan becomes a “defaulted mortgage loan” pursuant to the terms of the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Intercreditor Agreement and, thereafter, the special servicer determines pursuant to the PSA and the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Intercreditor Agreement to pursue a sale of the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Mortgage Loan, the special servicer will be required to sell the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Mortgage Loan together with the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Companion Loans as a single whole loan, subject to the consent of the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Non-Controlling Note Holders or the satisfaction of certain notice and information delivery requirements set forth in the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Intercreditor Agreement. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Sale of Defaulted Loans and REO Properties” in this prospectus.
Replacement of Special Servicer
The Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Controlling Note Holder will have the right, with or without cause, to replace the special servicer then acting with respect to the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan and appoint a replacement special servicer in lieu thereof without the consent of any Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Non-Controlling Note Holder as long as such replacement special servicer satisfies the conditions set forth in the PSA and the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Intercreditor Agreement. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Replacement of the Special Servicer Without Cause” in this prospectus.
For additional information regarding the servicing of the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan, see “Pooling and Servicing Agreement” in this prospectus.
The One Stamford Forum Whole Loan
General
The Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as One Stamford Forum (the “One Stamford Forum Mortgaged Property”), secures two (2) promissory notes (Notes A-1 and A-2) originated by Bank of America, National Association. Note A-1 evidences a mortgage loan to be included in this securitization transaction (the “One Stamford Forum Mortgage Loan”), representing approximately 8.2% of the Initial Pool Balance. Note A-2 evidences a Companion Loan that will not be held by the Trust (the “One Stamford Forum Companion Loan” and, collectively with the One Stamford Forum Mortgage Loan, the “One Stamford Forum Whole Loan”) and that is pari passu in right of payment with the One Stamford Forum Mortgage Loan. The One Stamford Forum Companion Loan evidenced by Note A-2 had a principal balance as of the Cut-off Date of approximately $38,439,619 and is currently held by Bank of America, National Association, which is a sponsor and an originator. Note A-1, which evidences the One Stamford Forum Mortgage Loan, represents the controlling interest in the One Stamford Forum Whole Loan.
The holders of the One Stamford Forum Whole Loan (the “One Stamford Forum Noteholders”) have entered into a co-lender agreement that sets forth the respective rights
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of each One Stamford Forum Noteholder (the “One Stamford Forum Intercreditor Agreement”).
Servicing
The One Stamford Forum Whole Loan will be serviced by the master servicer and the special servicer pursuant to the terms of the PSA, subject to the terms of the One Stamford Forum Intercreditor Agreement.
Advances
The master servicer or the trustee, as applicable, will be responsible for making any required advances of principal and interest on the One Stamford Forum Mortgage Loan (but not on the One Stamford Forum Companion Loan) pursuant to the terms of the PSA and the master servicer or the trustee, as applicable, will be responsible for making any required Servicing Advances with respect to the One Stamford Forum Whole Loan, in each case unless the master servicer or the trustee, as applicable, or the special servicer under the PSA determines that such an advance would not be recoverable from collections on the One Stamford Forum Mortgage Loan (in the case of an advance of principal and interest) or the One Stamford Forum Whole Loan (in the case of a Servicing Advance).
Distributions
The terms of the One Stamford Forum Intercreditor Agreement set forth the respective rights of the One Stamford Forum Noteholders with respect to distributions of funds received in respect of the One Stamford Forum Whole Loan, and provides, in general, that:
· | the One Stamford Forum Mortgage Loan and the One Stamford Forum Companion Loan are of equal priority with each other and no portion of any of them will have priority or preference over any portion of the others or security therefor; and |
· | all payments, proceeds and other recoveries on or in respect of the One Stamford Forum Whole Loan (exclusive of proceeds, awards or settlements to be applied to the restoration or repair of the related Mortgaged Property or released to the borrower in accordance with the terms of the related Mortgage Loan documents and amounts required to be deposited in reserve or escrow pursuant to the related Mortgage Loan documents) will be applied to the One Stamford Forum Mortgage Loan and the One Stamford Forum Companion Loan on a pro rata and pari passu basis according to their respective outstanding principal balances (subject, in each case, to the payment and reimbursement rights of any master servicer, special servicer, operating advisor, asset representations reviewer, certificate administrator or trustee under the PSA) in accordance with the terms of the One Stamford Forum Intercreditor Agreement and the PSA. |
· | expenses, losses and shortfalls relating to the One Stamford Forum Whole Loan will generally be allocated, on a pro rata and pari passu basis, to the One Stamford Forum Mortgage Loan and the One Stamford Forum Companion Loan. |
Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a P&I Advance is made with respect to the One Stamford Forum Mortgage Loan, then that P&I Advance, together with interest thereon, may only be reimbursed out of future payments and collections on the One Stamford Forum Mortgage Loan or, as and to the extent described under “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Advances” in this prospectus, on other Mortgage Loans, but not out of payments or other collections on the One Stamford Forum Companion Loan. Furthermore, the holders of the One Stamford Forum Companion Loan will not bear master servicing fees in excess of the
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primary servicing fee, or other non-default related administrative fees, earned on the One Stamford Forum Mortgage Loan.
Certain costs and expenses (such as a pro rata share of a Servicing Advance) allocable to a One Stamford Forum Companion Loan may be paid or reimbursed out of payments and other collections on the Mortgage Pool, subject to the Trust’s right to reimbursement from future payments and other collections on such One Stamford Forum Companion Loan or from general collections with respect to any securitization of such One Stamford Forum Companion Loan. This may result in temporary (or, if not ultimately reimbursed, permanent) shortfalls to the Certificateholders.
Consultation and Control
The controlling note holder under the One Stamford Forum Intercreditor Agreement with respect to the One Stamford Forum Whole Loan will be the Trust as holder of Note A-1 (such party, the “One Stamford Forum Controlling Note Holder”). Unless a Control Termination Event exists or the One Stamford Forum Whole Loan is an Excluded Loan, the Directing Certificateholder will be entitled to exercise the rights of the One Stamford Forum Controlling Note Holder. As such, pursuant to the terms of the One Stamford Forum Intercreditor Agreement, certain decisions to be made with respect to the One Stamford Forum Whole Loan will require the approval of the One Stamford Forum Controlling Note Holder. Pursuant to the terms of the PSA, the Directing Certificateholder will have certain consent and/or consultation rights with respect to the One Stamford Forum Whole Loan for so long as it has consent and/or consultation rights with respect to each other Mortgage Loan serviced under the PSA (other than any Excluded Loan). In addition, the Risk Retention Consultation Party will have certain consultation rights with respect to the One Stamford Forum Whole Loan for so long as it has consultation rights with respect to the related Mortgage Loan serviced under the PSA. The PSA also provides that the Directing Certificateholder may direct the special servicer to take, or refrain from taking, such other actions with respect to the One Stamford Forum Whole Loan that the Directing Certificateholder deems advisable.
Pursuant to the terms of the One Stamford Forum Intercreditor Agreement, the holder of each One Stamford Forum Companion Loan, as a non-controlling noteholder, or its designee (such holder or its designee, in each case, a “One Stamford Forum Non-Controlling Note Holder”), will have the right (i) to receive copies of all notices, information and reports, in each case, with respect to any Major Decisions or implementation of any recommended actions outlined in an asset status report relating to the One Stamford Forum Whole Loan that the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, is required to provide to the One Stamford Forum Controlling Note Holder under the PSA within the same time frame the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, is required to provide such notices, information and reports to the One Stamford Forum Controlling Note Holder (but without regard to whether or not the Directing Certificateholder actually has lost any rights to receive such information as a result of a Consultation Termination Event) and (ii) to be consulted (through reasonable efforts) by the One Stamford Forum Controlling Note Holder (or the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, acting on its behalf) on a strictly non-binding basis with respect to certain Major Decisions as set forth in the One Stamford Forum Intercreditor Agreement and the implementation by the special servicer of any recommended actions outlined in an asset status report. The consultation right of a One Stamford Forum Non-Controlling Note Holder will expire 10 business days after the delivery by the One Stamford Forum Controlling Note Holder (or the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, acting on its behalf) of notice and information relating to the matter subject to consultation; provided that if a new course of action is proposed that is materially different from the actions previously proposed, the 10 business day consultation
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period will begin anew. Notwithstanding each One Stamford Forum Non-Controlling Note Holder’s consultation rights described above, the One Stamford Forum Controlling Note Holder (or the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, acting on its behalf) is permitted to implement any Major Decision or (with respect to the special servicer only) take any action set forth in an asset status report before the expiration of the aforementioned 10 business day period if it determines that immediate action with respect to such decision is necessary to protect the interests of the holders of the One Stamford Forum Mortgage Loan and the One Stamford Forum Companion Loan.
In addition to the consultation rights of the One Stamford Forum Non-Controlling Note Holders described above, each One Stamford Forum Non-Controlling Note Holder will have the right to attend annual meetings (which may be held telephonically) with the master servicer or the special servicer upon reasonable notice and at times reasonably acceptable to the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, in which servicing issues related to the One Stamford Forum Whole Loan are discussed.
Neither the borrower nor any affiliate thereof may exercise the above-described rights of a One Stamford Forum Non-Controlling Note Holder.
Sale of Defaulted Mortgage Loan
The holders of the One Stamford Forum Whole Loan acknowledged in the One Stamford Forum Intercreditor Agreement that if the One Stamford Forum Whole Loan becomes a “defaulted mortgage loan” pursuant to the terms of the One Stamford Forum Intercreditor Agreement and thereafter, the special servicer determines pursuant to the PSA and the One Stamford Forum Intercreditor Agreement to pursue a sale of the One Stamford Forum Mortgage Loan, the Special Servicer will be required to sell the One Stamford Forum Mortgage Loan together with the One Stamford Forum Companion Loan as a single whole loan, subject to the written consent of the One Stamford Forum Non-Controlling Note Holders or the satisfaction of certain notice and information delivery requirements set forth in the One Stamford Forum Intercreditor Agreement. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Sale of Defaulted Loans and REO Properties” in this prospectus.
Replacement of Special Servicer
The One Stamford Forum Controlling Note Holder will have the right (such right, pursuant to the PSA, to be exercised by the Directing Certificateholder (unless a Control Termination Event exists or the One Stamford Forum Whole Loan is an Excluded Loan) or the Certificateholders with the requisite percentage of voting rights (if a Control Termination Event exists)), with or without cause, to replace the special servicer then acting with respect to the One Stamford Forum Whole Loan and appoint a replacement special servicer in lieu thereof without the consent of any One Stamford Forum Non-Controlling Note Holder as long as such replacement special servicer satisfies the conditions set forth in the PSA and the One Stamford Forum Intercreditor Agreement. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—The Directing Certificateholder—Replacement of the Special Servicer Without Cause” and “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Replacement of the Special Servicer Without Cause” in this prospectus.
For additional information regarding the servicing of the One Stamford Forum Whole Loan, see “Pooling and Servicing Agreement” in this prospectus.
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The Pinnacle II Whole Loan
General
The Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Pinnacle II (the “Pinnacle II Mortgaged Property”), secures three (3) promissory notes (Notes A-1, A-2 and A-3) originated by Wells Fargo Bank, National Association. Note A-1 evidences a mortgage loan to be included in this securitization transaction (the “Pinnacle II Mortgage Loan”), representing approximately 4.6% of the Initial Pool Balance. Notes A-2 and A-3 each evidences a Companion Loan that will not be held by the Trust (each, a “Pinnacle II Companion Loan” and, collectively, the “Pinnacle II Companion Loans” and, collectively with the Pinnacle II Mortgage Loan, the “Pinnacle II Whole Loan”) and that is pari passu in right of payment with the Pinnacle II Mortgage Loan. The Pinnacle II Companion Loan evidenced by Note A-2, had a principal balance as of the Cut-off Date of approximately $20,000,000 and as of the Closing Date is expected to be held by the Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-C35. The Pinnacle II Companion Loan identified as Note A-3, had an aggregate principal balance as of the Cut-off Date of approximately $27,000,000 and is currently held by Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, which is a sponsor and an originator, or an affiliate thereof. Note A-1, which evidences a portion of the Pinnacle II Mortgage Loan, represents the controlling interest in the Pinnacle II Whole Loan.
The holders of the Pinnacle II Whole Loan (the “Pinnacle II Noteholders”) have entered into a co-lender agreement that sets forth the respective rights of each Pinnacle II Noteholder (the “Pinnacle II Intercreditor Agreement”).
Servicing
The Pinnacle II Whole Loan will be serviced by the master servicer and the special servicer pursuant to the terms of the PSA, subject to the terms of the Pinnacle II Intercreditor Agreement.
Advances
The master servicer or the trustee, as applicable, will be responsible for making any required advances of principal and interest on the Pinnacle II Mortgage Loan (but not on the Pinnacle II Companion Loans) pursuant to the terms of the PSA and the master servicer or the trustee, as applicable, will be responsible for making any required Servicing Advances with respect to the Pinnacle II Whole Loan, in each case unless the master servicer or the trustee, as applicable, or the special servicer under the PSA determines that such an advance would not be recoverable from collections on the Pinnacle II Mortgage Loan (in the case of an advance of principal and interest) or the Pinnacle II Whole Loan (in the case of a Servicing Advance).
Distributions
The terms of the Pinnacle II Intercreditor Agreement set forth the respective rights of the Pinnacle II Noteholders with respect to distributions of funds received in respect of the Pinnacle II Whole Loan, and provides, in general, that:
· | the Pinnacle II Mortgage Loan and the Pinnacle II Companion Loans are of equal priority with each other and no portion of any of them will have priority or preference over any portion of the others or security therefor; |
· | all payments, proceeds and other recoveries on or in respect of the Pinnacle II Whole Loan (exclusive of proceeds, awards or settlements to be applied to the |
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restoration or repair of the related Mortgaged Property or released to the borrower in accordance with the terms of the related Mortgage Loan documents and amounts required to be deposited in reserve or escrow pursuant to the related Mortgage Loan documents) will be applied to the Pinnacle II Mortgage Loan and the Pinnacle II Companion Loans on a pro rata and pari passu basis according to their respective outstanding principal balances (subject, in each case, to the payment and reimbursement rights of any master servicer, special servicer, operating advisor, asset representations reviewer, certificate administrator or trustee under the PSA) in accordance with the terms of the Pinnacle II Intercreditor Agreement and the PSA; and | ||
· | expenses, losses and shortfalls relating to the Pinnacle II Whole Loan will generally be allocated, on a pro rata and pari passu basis, to the Pinnacle II Mortgage Loan and the Pinnacle II Companion Loans. |
Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a P&I Advance is made with respect to the Pinnacle II Mortgage Loan, then that P&I Advance, together with interest thereon, may only be reimbursed out of future payments and collections on the Pinnacle II Mortgage Loan or, as and to the extent described under “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Advances” in this prospectus, on other Mortgage Loans, but not out of payments or other collections on the Pinnacle II Companion Loans. Furthermore, the holders of the Pinnacle II Companion Loans will not bear master servicing fees in excess of the primary servicing fee, or other non-default related administrative fees, earned on the Pinnacle II Mortgage Loan.
Certain costs and expenses (such as a pro rata share of a Servicing Advance) allocable to a Pinnacle II Companion Loan may be paid or reimbursed out of payments and other collections on the Mortgage Pool, subject to the Trust’s right to reimbursement from future payments and other collections on such Pinnacle II Companion Loan or from general collections with respect to any securitization of such Pinnacle II Companion Loan. This may result in temporary (or, if not ultimately reimbursed, permanent) shortfalls to the Certificateholders.
Consultation and Control
The controlling note holder under the Pinnacle II Intercreditor Agreement with respect to the Pinnacle II Whole Loan will be the Trust as holder of Note A-1 (such party, the “Pinnacle II Controlling Note Holder”). Pursuant to the PSA, unless a Control Termination Event exists or the Pinnacle II Whole Loan is an Excluded Loan, the Directing Certificateholder will be entitled to exercise the rights of the Pinnacle II Controlling Note Holder. As such, pursuant to the terms of the Pinnacle II Intercreditor Agreement, certain decisions to be made with respect to the Pinnacle II Whole Loan, including certain major decisions (which are the same as Major Decisions under the PSA) will require the approval of the Pinnacle II Controlling Note Holder. Pursuant to the terms of the PSA, the Directing Certificateholder will have certain consent and/or consultation rights with respect to the Pinnacle II Whole Loan for so long as it has consent and/or consultation rights with respect to each other Mortgage Loan serviced under the PSA (other than any applicable Excluded Loan). In addition, the Risk Retention Consultation Party will have certain consultation rights with respect to the Pinnacle II Whole Loan for so long as it has consultation rights with respect to the related Mortgage Loan serviced under the PSA. The Pinnacle II Intercreditor Agreement also provides that the Pinnacle II Controlling Note Holder may direct the special servicer to take, or refrain from taking, such other actions with respect to the Pinnacle II Whole Loan that the Pinnacle II Controlling Note Holder deems advisable.
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The Pinnacle II Intercreditor Agreement also provides that:
· | if the special servicer or the master servicer (in the event the master servicer is otherwise authorized by the PSA to take such action), as applicable, determines that immediate action, with respect to the foregoing matters, or any other matter requiring consent of the Pinnacle II Controlling Note Holder is necessary to protect the interests of the holders of the Pinnacle II Whole Loan (as a collective whole) and the special servicer has made a reasonable effort to contact the Pinnacle II Controlling Note Holder, the master servicer or the special servicer, as the case may be, may take any such action without waiting for the Pinnacle II Controlling Note Holder’s response; and |
· | no objection, direction or advice contemplated by the Pinnacle II Intercreditor Agreement and described above may require or cause the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, to violate any provision of the related Mortgage Loan documents, applicable law, the PSA, the Pinnacle II Intercreditor Agreement, the REMIC provisions of the Code or the master servicer’s or the special servicer’s obligation to act in accordance with the Servicing Standard or materially expand the scope of responsibilities of any of the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable. |
Pursuant to the terms of the Pinnacle II Intercreditor Agreement, the PSA must provide that the holder of each Pinnacle II Companion Loan, as a non-controlling noteholder, or its designee (such holder or its designee, in each case, a “Pinnacle II Non-Controlling Note Holder”), will have the right (i) to receive copies of all notices, information and reports, in each case, with respect to any Major Decisions or implementation of any recommended actions outlined in an asset status report relating to the Pinnacle II Whole Loan that the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, is required to provide to the Pinnacle II Controlling Note Holder under the PSA within the same time frame the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, is required to provide such notices, information and reports to the Pinnacle II Controlling Note Holder (but without regard to whether or not the Directing Certificateholder actually has lost any rights to receive such information as a result of a Consultation Termination Event) and (ii) to be consulted by the Pinnacle II Controlling Note Holder (or the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, acting on its behalf) on a strictly non-binding basis with respect to Major Decisions and the implementation by the special servicer of any recommended actions outlined in an asset status report. The consultation right of a Pinnacle II Non-Controlling Note Holder will expire 10 business days after the delivery by the Pinnacle II Controlling Note Holder (or the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, acting on its behalf) of notice and information relating to the matter subject to consultation; provided that if a new course of action is proposed that is materially different from the actions previously proposed, the 10 business day consultation period will begin anew. Notwithstanding each Pinnacle II Non-Controlling Note Holder’s consultation rights described above, the Pinnacle II Controlling Note Holder (or the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, acting on its behalf) is permitted to implement any Major Decision or (with respect to the special servicer only) take any action set forth in an asset status report before the expiration of the aforementioned 10 business day period if it determines that immediate action with respect to such decision is necessary to protect the interests of the holders of the Pinnacle II Mortgage Loan and the Pinnacle II Companion Loans.
In addition to the consultation rights of the Pinnacle II Non-Controlling Note Holders described above, each Pinnacle II Non-Controlling Note Holder will have the right to attend annual meetings (which may be held telephonically) with the master servicer or the special servicer upon reasonable notice and at times reasonably acceptable to the master servicer
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or the special servicer, as applicable, in which servicing issues related to the Pinnacle II Whole Loan are discussed.
Neither the borrower nor any affiliate thereof may exercise the above-described rights of a Pinnacle II Non-Controlling Note Holder.
Sale of Defaulted Mortgage Loan
The holders of the Pinnacle II Whole Loan acknowledged in the Pinnacle II Intercreditor Agreement if the Pinnacle II Whole Loan becomes a “defaulted mortgage loan” pursuant to the terms of the Pinnacle II Intercreditor Agreement and thereafter, the special servicer determines pursuant to the PSA and the Pinnacle II Intercreditor Agreement to pursue a sale of the Pinnacle II Mortgage Loan, the Special Servicer will be required to sell the Pinnacle II Mortgage Loan together with the Pinnacle II Companion Loans as a single whole loan, subject to the written consent of the Pinnacle II Non-Controlling Note Holders or the satisfaction of certain notice and information delivery requirements set forth in the Pinnacle II Intercreditor Agreement. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Sale of Defaulted Loans and REO Properties” in this prospectus.
Replacement of Special Servicer
The Pinnacle II Controlling Note Holder will have the right (such right, pursuant to the PSA, to be exercised by the Directing Certificateholder (unless a Control Termination Event exists or the Pinnacle II Whole Loan is an Excluded Loan) or the Certificateholders with the requisite percentage of voting rights (if a Control Termination Event exists)), with or without cause, to replace the special servicer then acting with respect to the Pinnacle II Whole Loan and appoint a replacement special servicer in lieu thereof without the consent of any Pinnacle II Non-Controlling Note Holder as long as such replacement special servicer satisfies the conditions set forth in the PSA and the Pinnacle II Intercreditor Agreement. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Replacement of the Special Servicer Without Cause” in this prospectus.
For additional information regarding the servicing of the Pinnacle II Whole Loan, see “Pooling and Servicing Agreement” in this prospectus.
The Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan
General
The portfolio of Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as Simon Premium Outlets (the “Simon Premium Outlets Mortgaged Property”), secures three (3) promissory notes (Notes A-1, A-2 and A-3) originated by Bank of America, National Association. Note A-1 evidences a mortgage loan to be included in this securitization transaction (the “Simon Premium Outlets Mortgage Loan”), representing approximately 4.3% of the Initial Pool Balance. Note A-2 and Note A-3 evidence Companion Loans that will not be held by the Trust (the “Simon Premium Outlets Companion Loans” and, collectively with the Simon Premium Outlets Mortgage Loan, the “Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan”) and that is pari passu in right of payment with the Simon Premium Outlets Mortgage Loan. The Simon Premium Outlets Companion Loans evidenced by Note A-2 and Note A-3 had principal balances as of the Cut-off Date of approximately $34,906,004 and $32,412,718, respectively, and are currently held by Bank of America, National Association, which is a sponsor and an originator. Note A-1, which evidences the Simon Premium Outlets Mortgage Loan, represents the controlling interest in the Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan.
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The holders of the Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan (the “Simon Premium Outlets Noteholders”) have entered into a co-lender agreement that sets forth the respective rights of each Simon Premium Outlets Noteholder (the “Simon Premium Outlets Intercreditor Agreement”).
Servicing
The Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan will be serviced by the master servicer and the special servicer pursuant to the terms of the PSA, subject to the terms of the Simon Premium Outlets Intercreditor Agreement.
Advances
The master servicer or the trustee, as applicable, will be responsible for making any required advances of principal and interest on the Simon Premium Outlets Mortgage Loan (but not on the Simon Premium Outlets Companion Loans) pursuant to the terms of the PSA and the master servicer or the trustee, as applicable, will be responsible for making any required Servicing Advances with respect to the Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan, in each case unless the master servicer or the trustee, as applicable, or the special servicer under the PSA determines that such an advance would not be recoverable from collections on the Simon Premium Outlets Mortgage Loan (in the case of an advance of principal and interest) or the Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan (in the case of a Servicing Advance).
Distributions
The terms of the Simon Premium Outlets Intercreditor Agreement set forth the respective rights of the Simon Premium Outlets Noteholders with respect to distributions of funds received in respect of the Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan, and provides, in general, that:
· | the Simon Premium Outlets Mortgage Loan and the Simon Premium Outlets Companion Loans are of equal priority with each other and no portion of any of them will have priority or preference over any portion of the others or security therefor; |
· | all payments, proceeds and other recoveries on or in respect of the Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan (exclusive of proceeds, awards or settlements to be applied to the restoration or repair of the related Mortgaged Property or released to the borrower in accordance with the terms of the related Mortgage Loan documents and amounts required to be deposited in reserve or escrow pursuant to the related Mortgage Loan documents) will be applied to the Simon Premium Outlets Mortgage Loan and the Simon Premium Outlets Companion Loans on a pro rata and pari passu basis according to their respective outstanding principal balances (subject, in each case, to the payment and reimbursement rights of any master servicer, special servicer, operating advisor, asset representations reviewer, certificate administrator or trustee under the PSA) in accordance with the terms of the Simon Premium Outlets Intercreditor Agreement and the PSA; and |
· | expenses, losses and shortfalls relating to the Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan will generally be allocated, on a pro rata and pari passu basis, to the Simon Premium Outlets Mortgage Loan and the Simon Premium Outlets Companion Loans. |
Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a P&I Advance is made with respect to the Simon Premium Outlets Mortgage Loan, then that P&I Advance, together with interest thereon,
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may only be reimbursed out of future payments and collections on the Simon Premium Outlets Mortgage Loan or, as and to the extent described under “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Advances” in this prospectus, on other Mortgage Loans, but not out of payments or other collections on the Simon Premium Outlets Companion Loans. Furthermore, the holders of the Simon Premium Outlets Companion Loans will not bear master servicing fees in excess of the primary servicing fee, or other non-default related administrative fees, earned on the Simon Premium Outlets Mortgage Loan.
Certain costs and expenses (such as a pro rata share of a Servicing Advance) allocable to a Simon Premium Outlets Companion Loan may be paid or reimbursed out of payments and other collections on the Mortgage Pool, subject to the Trust’s right to reimbursement from future payments and other collections on such Simon Premium Outlets Companion Loan or from general collections with respect to any securitization of such Simon Premium Outlets Companion Loan. This may result in temporary (or, if not ultimately reimbursed, permanent) shortfalls to the Certificateholders.
Consultation and Control
The controlling note holder under the Simon Premium Outlets Intercreditor Agreement with respect to the Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan will be the Trust as holder of Note A-1 (such party, the “Simon Premium Outlets Controlling Note Holder”). Unless a Control Termination Event exists or the Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan is an Excluded Loan, the Directing Certificateholder will be entitled to exercise the rights of the Simon Premium Outlets Controlling Note Holder. As such, pursuant to the terms of the Simon Premium Outlets Intercreditor Agreement, certain decisions to be made with respect to the Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan will require the approval of the Simon Premium Outlets Controlling Note Holder. Pursuant to the terms of the PSA, the Directing Certificateholder will have certain consent and/or consultation rights with respect to the Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan for so long as it has consent and/or consultation rights with respect to each other Mortgage Loan serviced under the PSA (other than any Excluded Loan). In addition, the Risk Retention Consultation Party will have certain consultation rights with respect to the Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan for so long as it has consultation rights with respect to the related Mortgage Loan serviced under the PSA. The PSA also provides that the Directing Certificateholder may direct the special servicer to take, or refrain from taking, such other actions with respect to the Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan that the Directing Certificateholder deems advisable.
Pursuant to the terms of the Simon Premium Outlets Intercreditor Agreement, the holder of each Simon Premium Outlets Companion Loan, as a non-controlling noteholder, or its designee (such holder or its designee, in each case, a “Simon Premium Outlets Non-Controlling Note Holder”), will have the right (i) to receive copies of all notices, information and reports, in each case, with respect to any Major Decisions or implementation of any recommended actions outlined in an asset status report relating to the Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan that the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, is required to provide to the Simon Premium Outlets Controlling Note Holder under the PSA within the same time frame the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, is required to provide such notices, information and reports to the Simon Premium Outlets Controlling Note Holder (but without regard to whether or not the Directing Certificateholder actually has lost any rights to receive such information as a result of a Consultation Termination Event) and (ii) to be consulted (through reasonable efforts) by the Simon Premium Outlets Controlling Note Holder (or the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, acting on its behalf) on a strictly non-binding basis with respect to certain Major Decisions as set forth in the Simon Premium Outlets Intercreditor Agreement and the implementation by the special servicer of any recommended actions outlined in an asset
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status report. The consultation right of a Simon Premium Outlets Non-Controlling Note Holder will expire 10 business days after the delivery by the Simon Premium Outlets Controlling Note Holder (or the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, acting on its behalf) of notice and information relating to the matter subject to consultation; provided that if a new course of action is proposed that is materially different from the actions previously proposed, the 10 business day consultation period will begin anew. Notwithstanding each Simon Premium Outlets Non-Controlling Note Holder’s consultation rights described above, the Simon Premium Outlets Controlling Note Holder (or the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, acting on its behalf) is permitted to implement any Major Decision or (with respect to the special servicer only) take any action set forth in an asset status report before the expiration of the aforementioned 10 business day period if it determines that immediate action with respect to such decision is necessary to protect the interests of the holders of the Simon Premium Outlets Mortgage Loan and the Simon Premium Outlets Companion Loans.
In addition to the consultation rights of the Simon Premium Outlets Non-Controlling Note Holders described above, each Simon Premium Outlets Non-Controlling Note Holder will have the right to attend annual meetings (which may be held telephonically) with the master servicer or the special servicer upon reasonable notice and at times reasonably acceptable to the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, in which servicing issues related to the Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan are discussed.
Neither the borrower nor any affiliate thereof may exercise the above-described rights of a Simon Premium Outlets Non-Controlling Note Holder.
Sale of Defaulted Mortgage Loan
The holders of the Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan acknowledged in the Simon Premium Outlets Intercreditor Agreement that if the Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan becomes a “defaulted mortgage loan” pursuant to the terms of the Simon Premium Outlets Intercreditor Agreement and thereafter, the special servicer determines pursuant to the PSA and the Simon Premium Outlets Intercreditor Agreement to pursue a sale of the Simon Premium Outlets Mortgage Loan, the Special Servicer will be required to sell the Simon Premium Outlets Mortgage Loan together with the Simon Premium Outlets Companion Loans as a single whole loan, subject to the written consent of the Simon Premium Outlets Non-Controlling Note Holders or the satisfaction of certain notice and information delivery requirements set forth in the Simon Premium Outlets Intercreditor Agreement. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Sale of Defaulted Loans and REO Properties” in this prospectus.
Replacement of Special Servicer
The Simon Premium Outlets Controlling Note Holder will have the right (such right, pursuant to the PSA, to be exercised by the Directing Certificateholder (unless a Control Termination Event exists or the Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan is an Excluded Loan) or the Certificateholders with the requisite percentage of voting rights (if a Control Termination Event exists)), with or without cause, to replace the special servicer then acting with respect to the Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan and appoint a replacement special servicer in lieu thereof without the consent of any Simon Premium Outlets Non-Controlling Note Holder as long as such replacement special servicer satisfies the conditions set forth in the PSA and the Simon Premium Outlets Intercreditor Agreement. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—The Directing Certificateholder—Replacement of the Special Servicer Without Cause” and “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Replacement of the Special Servicer Without Cause” in this prospectus.
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The One Penn Center Whole Loan
General
The Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as One Penn Center (the “One Penn Center Mortgaged Property”), secures two (2) promissory notes (Notes A-1 and A-2) originated by Wells Fargo Bank, National Association. Note A-1 evidences a mortgage loan to be included in this securitization transaction (the “One Penn Center Mortgage Loan”), representing approximately 4.0% of the Initial Pool Balance. Note A-2 evidences a Companion Loan that will not be held by the Trust (the “One Penn Center Companion Loan” and, collectively with the One Penn Center Mortgage Loan, the “One Penn Center Whole Loan”) and that is pari passu in right of payment with the One Penn Center Mortgage Loan. The One Penn Center Companion Loan evidenced by Note A-2 had an aggregate principal balance as of the Cut-off Date of approximately $33,000,000 and is currently held by Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, which is a sponsor and an originator, or an affiliate thereof. Note A-1, which evidences the One Penn Center Mortgage Loan, represents the controlling interest in the One Penn Center Whole Loan.
The holders of the One Penn Center Whole Loan (the “One Penn Center Noteholders”) have entered into a co-lender agreement that sets forth the respective rights of each One Penn Center Noteholder (the “One Penn Center Intercreditor Agreement”).
Servicing
The One Penn Center Whole Loan will be serviced by the master servicer and the special servicer pursuant to the terms of the PSA, subject to the terms of the One Penn Center Intercreditor Agreement.
Advances
The master servicer or the trustee, as applicable, will be responsible for making any required advances of principal and interest on the One Penn Center Mortgage Loan (but not on the One Penn Center Companion Loan) pursuant to the terms of the PSA, and the master servicer or the trustee, as applicable, will be responsible for making any required Servicing Advances with respect to the One Penn Center Whole Loan, in each case unless the master servicer or the trustee, as applicable, or the special servicer under the PSA, determines that such an advance would not be recoverable from collections on the One Penn Center Mortgage Loan (in the case of an advance of principal and interest) or the One Penn Center Whole Loan (in the case of a Servicing Advance).
Distributions
The terms of the One Penn Center Intercreditor Agreement set forth the respective rights of the One Penn Center Noteholders with respect to distributions of funds received in respect of the One Penn Center Whole Loan, and provides, in general, that:
· | the One Penn Center Mortgage Loan and the One Penn Center Companion Loan are of equal priority with each other and no portion of any of them will have priority or preference over any portion of the others or security therefor; |
· | all payments, proceeds and other recoveries on or in respect of the One Penn Center Whole Loan (exclusive of proceeds, awards or settlements to be applied to the restoration or repair of the related Mortgaged Property or released to the borrower in accordance with the terms of the related Mortgage Loan documents and amounts required to be deposited in reserve or escrow pursuant to the related |
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Mortgage Loan documents) will be applied to the One Penn Center Mortgage Loan and the One Penn Center Companion Loan on a pro rata and pari passu basis according to their respective outstanding principal balances (subject, in each case, to the payment and reimbursement rights of any master servicer, special servicer, operating advisor, asset representations reviewer, certificate administrator or trustee under the PSA) in accordance with the terms of the One Penn Center Intercreditor Agreement and the PSA; and | ||
· | expenses, losses and shortfalls relating to the One Penn Center Whole Loan will generally be allocated, on a pro rata and pari passu basis, to the One Penn Center Mortgage Loan and the One Penn Center Companion Loan. |
Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a P&I Advance is made with respect to the One Penn Center Mortgage Loan, then that P&I Advance, together with interest thereon, may only be reimbursed out of future payments and collections on the One Penn Center Mortgage Loan or, as and to the extent described under “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Advances” in this prospectus, on other Mortgage Loans, but not out of payments or other collections on the One Penn Center Companion Loan. Furthermore, the holder of the One Penn Center Companion Loan will not bear master servicing fees in excess of the primary servicing fee, or other non-default related administrative fees, earned on the One Penn Center Mortgage Loan.
Certain costs and expenses (such as a pro rata share of a Servicing Advance) allocable to the One Penn Center Companion Loan may be paid or reimbursed out of payments and other collections on the Mortgage Pool, subject to the Trust’s right to reimbursement from future payments and other collections on the One Penn Center Companion Loan or from general collections with respect to any securitization of the One Penn Center Companion Loan. This may result in temporary (or, if not ultimately reimbursed, permanent) shortfalls to the Certificateholders.
Consultation and Control
The controlling note holder under the One Penn Center Intercreditor Agreement with respect to the One Penn Center Whole Loan will be the Trust as holder of Note A-1 (such party, the “One Penn Center Controlling Note Holder”). Pursuant to the PSA, unless a Control Termination Event exists or the One Penn Center Whole Loan is an Excluded Loan, the Directing Certificateholder will be entitled to exercise the rights of the One Penn Center Controlling Note Holder. As such, pursuant to the terms of the One Penn Center Intercreditor Agreement, certain decisions to be made with respect to the One Penn Center Whole Loan, including certain major decisions (which are the same as Major Decisions under the PSA) will require the approval of the One Penn Center Controlling Note Holder. Pursuant to the terms of the PSA, the Directing Certificateholder will have certain consent and/or consultation rights with respect to the One Penn Center Whole Loan for so long as it has consent and/or consultation rights with respect to each other Mortgage Loan serviced under the PSA (other than any applicable Excluded Loan). In addition, the Risk Retention Consultation Party will have certain consultation rights with respect to the One Penn Center Whole Loan for so long as it has consultation rights with respect to the related Mortgage Loan serviced under the PSA. The One Penn Center Intercreditor Agreement also provides that the One Penn Center Controlling Note Holder may direct the special servicer to take, or refrain from taking, such other actions with respect to the One Penn Center Whole Loan that the One Penn Center Controlling Note Holder deems advisable.
The One Penn Center Intercreditor Agreement also provides that:
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· | if the special servicer or the master servicer (in the event the master servicer is otherwise authorized by the PSA to take such action), as applicable, determines that immediate action, with respect to the foregoing matters, or any other matter requiring consent of the One Penn Center Controlling Note Holder is necessary to protect the interests of the holders of the One Penn Center Whole Loan (as a collective whole) and the special servicer has made a reasonable effort to contact the One Penn Center Controlling Note Holder, the master servicer or the special servicer, as the case may be, may take any such action without waiting for the One Penn Center Controlling Note Holder’s response; and |
· | no objection, direction or advice contemplated by the One Penn Center Intercreditor Agreement and described above may require or cause the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, to violate any provision of the related Mortgage Loan documents, applicable law, the PSA, the One Penn Center Intercreditor Agreement, the REMIC provisions of the Code or the master servicer’s or the special servicer’s obligation to act in accordance with the Servicing Standard. |
Pursuant to the terms of the One Penn Center Intercreditor Agreement, the PSA must provide that the holder of the One Penn Center Companion Loan, as a non-controlling noteholder, or its designee (such holder or its designee, the “One Penn Center Non-Controlling Note Holder”), will have the right (i) to receive copies of all notices, information and reports, in each case, with respect to any major decisions or implementation of any recommended actions outlined in an asset status report relating to the One Penn Center Whole Loan that the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, is required to provide to the One Penn Center Controlling Note Holder under the PSA within the same time frame the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, is required to provide such notices, information and reports to the One Penn Center Controlling Note Holder (but without regard to whether or not the Directing Certificateholder actually has lost any rights to receive such information as a result of a Consultation Termination Event) and (ii) to be consulted by the One Penn Center Controlling Note Holder (or the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, acting on its behalf) on a strictly non-binding basis with respect to Major Decisions and the implementation by the special servicer of any recommended actions outlined in an asset status report. The consultation right of a One Penn Center Non-Controlling Note Holder will expire 10 business days after the delivery by the One Penn Center Controlling Note Holder (or the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, acting on its behalf) of notice and information relating to the matter subject to consultation; provided that if a new course of action is proposed that is materially different from the actions previously proposed, the 10 business day consultation period will begin anew. Notwithstanding each One Penn Center Non-Controlling Note Holder’s consultation rights described above, the One Penn Center Controlling Note Holder (or the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, acting on its behalf) is permitted to implement any Major Decision or (with respect to the special servicer only) take any action set forth in an asset status report before the expiration of the aforementioned 10 business day period if it determines that immediate action with respect to such decision is necessary to protect the interests of the holders of the One Penn Center Mortgage Loan and the One Penn Center Companion Loan.
In addition to the consultation rights of the One Penn Center Non-Controlling Note Holder described above, the One Penn Center Non-Controlling Note Holder will have the right to attend annual conference calls or meetings with the master servicer or the special servicer upon reasonable notice and at times reasonably acceptable to the master servicer
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or the special servicer, as applicable, in which servicing issues related to the One Penn Center Whole Loan are discussed.
Neither the borrower nor any affiliate thereof may exercise the above-described rights of the One Penn Center Non-Controlling Note Holder.
Sale of Defaulted Mortgage Loan
The holders of the One Penn Center Whole Loan acknowledged in the One Penn Center Intercreditor Agreement that the PSA will provide that if the One Penn Center Whole Loan becomes a “defaulted mortgage loan” pursuant to the terms of the One Penn Center Intercreditor Agreement and thereafter, the special servicer determines pursuant to the PSA and the One Penn Center Intercreditor Agreement to pursue a sale of the One Penn Center Mortgage Loan, the Special Servicer will be required to sell the One Penn Center Mortgage Loan together with the One Penn Center Companion Loan as a single whole loan, subject to the consent of the One Penn Center Non-Controlling Note Holder or the satisfaction of certain notice and information delivery requirements set forth in the One Penn Center Intercreditor Agreement. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Sale of Defaulted Loans and REO Properties” in this prospectus.
Replacement of Special Servicer
The One Penn Center Controlling Note Holder will have the right (such right, pursuant to the PSA, to be exercised by the Directing Certificateholder (unless a Control Termination Event exists or the One Penn Center Whole Loan is an Excluded Loan) or the Certificateholders with the requisite percentage of voting rights (if a Control Termination Event exists)), with or without cause, to replace the special servicer then acting with respect to the One Penn Center Whole Loan and appoint a replacement special servicer in lieu thereof without the consent of the One Penn Center Non-Controlling Note Holder as long as such replacement special servicer satisfies the conditions set forth in the PSA and the One Penn Center Intercreditor Agreement. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Replacement of the Special Servicer Without Cause” in this prospectus.
For additional information regarding the servicing of the One Penn Center Whole Loan, see “Pooling and Servicing Agreement” in this prospectus.
The FedEx – Atlanta, GA Whole Loan, FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Whole Loan, FedEx – Fife, WA Whole Loan and FedEx – Boulder, CO Whole Loan
General
The Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as FedEx – Atlanta, GA (the “FedEx – Atlanta, GA Mortgaged Property”), secures two (2) promissory notes (Note A-1 and Note A-2) co-originated by Bank of America, National Association and Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp. Note A-1 evidences a mortgage loan to be included in this securitization transaction (the “FedEx – Atlanta, GA Mortgage Loan”), representing approximately 1.6% of the Initial Pool Balance. Note A-2 evidences a Companion Loan that will not be held by the Trust (the “FedEx – Atlanta, GA Companion Loan” and, collectively with the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Mortgage Loan, the “FedEx – Atlanta, GA Whole Loan”) and that is pari passu in right of payment with the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Mortgage Loan. The FedEx – Atlanta, GA Companion Loan evidenced by Note A-2 had a principal balance as of the Cut-off Date of approximately $14,200,000 and as of the Closing Date is expected to be held by the CGCMT 2016-P4 securitization trust. Note A-1, which evidences the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Mortgage Loan, represents the controlling interest in the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Whole Loan.
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The Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL (the “FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Mortgaged Property”), secures two (2) promissory notes (Note A-1 and Note A-2) co-originated by Bank of America, National Association and Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp. Note A-1 evidences a mortgage loan to be included in this securitization transaction (the “FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Mortgage Loan”), representing approximately 1.4% of the Initial Pool Balance. Note A-2 evidences a Companion Loan that will not be held by the Trust (the “FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Companion Loan” and, collectively with the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Mortgage Loan, the “FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Whole Loan”) and that is pari passu in right of payment with the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Mortgage Loan. The FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Companion Loan evidenced by Note A-2 had a principal balance as of the Cut-off Date of approximately $11,837,500 and as of the Closing Date is expected to be held by the CGCMT 2016-P4 securitization trust. Note A-1, which evidences the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Mortgage Loan, represents the controlling interest in the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Whole Loan. The FedEx – Atlanta, GA Whole Loan and the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Whole Loan are cross-collateralized and cross-defaulted with one another. However, the indebtedness secured by the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Mortgaged Property pursuant to the cross-collateralization agreement is limited to $29,593,750.
The Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as FedEx – Fife, WA (the “FedEx – Fife, WA Mortgaged Property”), secures two (2) promissory notes (Note A-1 and Note A-2) co-originated by Bank of America, National Association and Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp. Note A-1 evidences a mortgage loan to be included in this securitization transaction (the “FedEx – Fife, WA Mortgage Loan”), representing approximately 2.3% of the Initial Pool Balance. Note A-2 evidences a Companion Loan that will not be held by the Trust (the “FedEx – Fife, WA Companion Loan” and, collectively with the FedEx – Fife, WA Mortgage Loan, the “FedEx – Fife, WA Whole Loan”) and that is pari passu in right of payment with the FedEx – Fife, WA Mortgage Loan. The FedEx – Fife, WA Companion Loan evidenced by Note A-2 had a principal balance as of the Cut-off Date of approximately $20,125,000 and as of the Closing Date is expected to be held by the CGCMT 2016-P4 securitization trust. Note A-1, which evidences the FedEx – Fife, WA Mortgage Loan, represents the controlling interest in the FedEx – Fife, WA Whole Loan.
The Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as FedEx – Boulder, CO (the “FedEx – Boulder, CO Mortgaged Property” and, together with the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Mortgaged Property, the FedEx – West Palm, FL Mortgaged Property and the FedEx – Fife, WA Mortgaged Property, the “FedEx Mortgaged Properties”), secures two (2) promissory notes (Note A-1 and A-2) co-originated by Bank of America, National Association and Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp. Note A-1 evidences a mortgage loan to be included in this securitization transaction (the “FedEx – Boulder, CO Mortgage Loan” and, together with the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Mortgage Loan, the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Mortgage Loan and the FedEx – Fife, WA Mortgage Loan, the “FedEx Mortgage Loans”), representing approximately 1.1% of the Initial Pool Balance. Note A-2 evidences a Companion Loan that will not be held by the Trust (the “FedEx – Boulder, CO Companion Loan” and, collectively with the FedEx – Boulder, CO Mortgage Loan, the “FedEx – Boulder, CO Whole Loan”; the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Companion Loan, the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Companion Loan, the FedEx – Fife, WA Companion Loan and the FedEx – Boulder, CO Companion Loan the “FedEx Companion Loans” and the FedEx, Atlanta – GA, Whole Loan, the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Whole Loan, the FedEx – Fife, WA Whole Loan and the FedEx – Boulder, CO Whole Loan, the “FedEx Whole Loans”) and that is pari passu in right of payment with the FedEx – Boulder, CO Mortgage Loan. The FedEx – Boulder, CO Companion Loan evidenced by Note A-2 had a principal balance as of the Cut-off Date of approximately $9,225,000 and as of the Closing Date is expected to be held by the CGCMT 2016-P4 securitization trust.
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Note A-1, which evidences the FedEx – Boulder, CO Mortgage Loan, represents the controlling interest in the FedEx – Boulder, CO Whole Loan.
The holders of the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Whole Loan (the “FedEx – Atlanta, GA Noteholders”) have entered into a co-lender agreement that sets forth the respective rights of each FedEx – Atlanta, GA Noteholder (the “FedEx – Atlanta, GA Intercreditor Agreement”). The holders of the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Whole Loan (the “FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Noteholders”) have entered into a co-lender agreement that sets forth the respective rights of each FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Noteholder (the “FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Intercreditor Agreement”). The holders of the FedEx – Fife, WA Whole Loan (the “FedEx – Fife, WA Noteholders”) have entered into a co-lender agreement that sets forth the respective rights of each FedEx – Fife, WA Noteholder (the “FedEx – Fife, WA Intercreditor Agreement”). The holders of the FedEx – Boulder, CO Whole Loan (the “FedEx – Boulder, CO Noteholders” and, together with the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Noteholders, the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Noteholders and the FedEx – Fife, WA Noteholders, the “FedEx Noteholders”) have entered into a co-lender agreement that sets forth the respective rights of each FedEx – Boulder, CO Noteholder (the “FedEx – Boulder, CO Intercreditor Agreement” and, together with the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Intercreditor Agreement, the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Intercreditor Agreement and the FedEx – Fife, WA Intercreditor Agreement, the “FedEx – Intercreditor Agreements”).
Servicing
Each of the FedEx Whole Loans will be serviced by the master servicer and the special servicer pursuant to the terms of the PSA, subject to the terms of the related FedEx Intercreditor Agreement.
Advances
The master servicer or the trustee, as applicable, will be responsible for making any required advances of principal and interest on each of the FedEx Mortgage Loans (but not on the related FedEx Companion Loans) pursuant to the terms of the PSA and the master servicer or the trustee, as applicable, will be responsible for making any required Servicing Advances with respect to the related FedEx Whole Loan in each case unless the master servicer or the trustee, as applicable, or the special servicer under the PSA determines that such an advance would not be recoverable from collections on the related FedEx Mortgage Loan (in the case of an advance of principal and interest) or the related FedEx Whole Loan (in the case of a Servicing Advance).
Distributions
The terms of the FedEx Intercreditor Agreements set forth the rights of the related FedEx Noteholders with respect to distributions of funds received in respect of the related FedEx Whole Loans, and provide, in general, that:
· | the related FedEx Mortgage Loan and its related FedEx Companion Loans are of equal priority with each other and no portion of any of them will have priority or preference over any portion of the others or security therefor; |
· | all payments, proceeds and other recoveries on or in respect of the related FedEx Whole Loan (exclusive of proceeds, awards or settlements to be applied to the restoration or repair of the related Mortgaged Property or released to the borrower in accordance with the terms of the related Mortgage Loan documents and amounts required to be deposited in reserve or escrow pursuant to the related |
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Mortgage Loan documents) will be applied to the related FedEx Mortgage Loan and the related FedEx Companion Loans on a pro rata and pari passu basis according to their respective outstanding principal balances (subject, in each case, to the payment and reimbursement rights of any master servicer, special servicer, operating advisor, asset representations reviewer, certificate administrator or trustee under the PSA) in accordance with the terms of such FedEx Intercreditor Agreement and the PSA; and | ||
· | expenses, losses and shortfalls relating to the related FedEx Whole Loan will generally be allocated, on a pro rata and pari passu basis, to the related FedEx Mortgage Loan and the related FedEx Companion Loans. |
Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a P&I Advance is made with respect to a FedEx Mortgage Loan, then that P&I Advance, together with interest thereon, may only be reimbursed out of future payments and collections on such FedEx Mortgage Loan or, as and to the extent described under “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Advances” in this prospectus, on other Mortgage Loans, but not out of payments or other collections on the related FedEx Companion Loans. Furthermore, none of the holders of the FedEx Companion Loans will bear master servicing fees in excess of the primary servicing fee, or other non-default related administrative fees, earned on the related FedEx Mortgage Loan.
Certain costs and expenses (such as a pro rata share of a Servicing Advance) allocable to a FedEx Companion Loan may be paid or reimbursed out of payments and other collections on the Mortgage Pool, subject to the Trust’s right to reimbursement from future payments and other collections on such FedEx Companion Loan or from general collections with respect to any securitization of such FedEx Companion Loan. This may result in temporary (or, if not ultimately reimbursed, permanent) shortfalls to the Certificateholders.
Consultation and Control
The controlling note holder under the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Intercreditor Agreement with respect to the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Whole Loan will be the Trust as holder of Note A-1 (such party, the “FedEx – Atlanta, GA Controlling Note Holder”). The controlling note holder under the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Intercreditor Agreement with respect to the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Whole Loan will be the Trust as holder of Note A-1 (such party, the “FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Controlling Note Holder”). The controlling note holder under the FedEx – Fife, WA Intercreditor Agreement with respect to the FedEx – Fife, WA Whole Loan will be the Trust as holder of Note A-1 (such party, the “FedEx – Fife, WA Controlling Note Holder”). The controlling note holder under the FedEx – Boulder, CO Intercreditor Agreement with respect to the FedEx – Boulder, CO Whole Loan will be the Trust as holder of Note A-1 (such party, the “FedEx – Boulder, CO Controlling Note Holder” and, together with the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Controlling Note Holder, the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Controlling Note Holder and the FedEx – Fife, WA Controlling Note Holder, the “FedEx Controlling Note Holders”).
Unless a Control Termination Event exists or any of the FedEx Whole Loans is an Excluded Loan, the Directing Certificateholder will be entitled to exercise the rights of the related FedEx Controlling Note Holder. As such, pursuant to the terms of the related FedEx Intercreditor Agreement, certain decisions to be made with respect to the related FedEx Whole Loan, including certain major decisions (which are the same as Major Decisions under the PSA) will require the approval of the related FedEx Controlling Note Holder. Pursuant to the terms of the PSA, the Directing Certificateholder will have certain consent and/or consultation rights with respect to the FedEx Whole Loans for so long as it has consent and/or consultation rights with respect to each other Mortgage Loan serviced under the PSA
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(other than any Excluded Loan). In addition, the Risk Retention Consultation Party will have certain consultation rights with respect to the related FedEx Whole Loan for so long as it has consultation rights with respect to the related Mortgage Loan serviced under the PSA. The PSA provides that the Directing Certificateholder may direct the special servicer to take, or refrain from taking, such other actions with respect to the FedEx Whole Loans that the Directing Certificateholder deems advisable.
The FedEx Intercreditor Agreements also provide that no objection, direction or advice contemplated by such FedEx Intercreditor Agreement and described above may require or cause the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, to violate any provision of the related Mortgage Loan documents, applicable law, the PSA, such FedEx Intercreditor Agreement, the REMIC provisions of the Code or the master servicer’s or the special servicer’s obligation to act in accordance with the Servicing Standard.
Pursuant to the terms of the FedEx Intercreditor Agreements, the holder of each FedEx Companion Loan, as a non-controlling noteholder, or its designee (such holder or its designee, in each case, a “FedEx Non-Controlling Note Holder”), will have the right (i) to receive copies of all notices, information and reports, in each case, with respect to any major decisions or implementation of any recommended actions outlined in an asset status report relating to the related FedEx Whole Loan that the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, is required to provide to the related FedEx Controlling Note Holder under the PSA within the same time frame the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, is required to provide such notices, information and reports to such FedEx Controlling Note Holder (but without regard to whether or not the Directing Certificateholder actually has lost any rights to receive such information as a result of a Consultation Termination Event) and (ii) to be consulted by the related FedEx Controlling Note Holder (or the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, acting on its behalf) on a strictly non-binding basis with respect to certain major decisions as set forth in the FedEx Intercreditor Agreements and the implementation by the special servicer of any recommended actions outlined in an asset status report. The consultation right of a FedEx Non-Controlling Note Holder will expire 10 business days after the delivery by the related FedEx Controlling Note Holder (or the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, acting on its behalf) of notice and information relating to the matter subject to consultation; provided that if a new course of action is proposed that is materially different from the actions previously proposed, the 10 business day consultation period will begin anew. Notwithstanding each FedEx Non-Controlling Note Holder’s consultation rights described above, such FedEx Controlling Note Holder (or the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, acting on its behalf) is permitted to implement any major decision or (with respect to the special servicer only) take any action set forth in an asset status report before the expiration of the aforementioned 10 business day period if it determines that immediate action with respect to such decision is necessary to protect the interests of the holders of the related FedEx Mortgage Loan and the related FedEx Companion Loans.
In addition to the consultation rights of the FedEx Non-Controlling Note Holders described above, each FedEx Non-Controlling Note Holder will have the right to attend annual conference calls or meetings with the master servicer or the special servicer upon reasonable notice and at times reasonably acceptable to the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, in which servicing issues related to the related FedEx Whole Loan are discussed.
Neither the borrower nor any affiliate thereof may exercise the above-described rights of a FedEx Non-Controlling Note Holder.
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Sale of Defaulted Mortgage Loan
The holders of each FedEx Whole Loan acknowledged in the related FedEx Intercreditor Agreement that the PSA will provide that if such FedEx Whole Loan becomes a “defaulted mortgage loan” pursuant to the terms of the related FedEx Intercreditor Agreement and thereafter, the special servicer determines pursuant to the PSA and such FedEx Intercreditor Agreement to pursue a sale of the related FedEx Mortgage Loan, the Special Servicer will be required to sell the related FedEx Mortgage Loan together with the related FedEx Companion Loans as a single whole loan, subject to the consent of the related FedEx Non-Controlling Note Holders or the satisfaction of certain notice and information delivery requirements set forth in such FedEx Intercreditor Agreement. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Sale of Defaulted Loans and REO Properties” in this prospectus.
Replacement of Special Servicer
The FedEx Controlling Note Holders will have the right (such right, pursuant to the PSA, to be exercised by the Directing Certificateholder (unless a Control Termination Event exists or the related FedEx Whole Loan is an Excluded Loan) or the Certificateholders with the requisite percentage of voting rights (if a Control Termination Event exists)), with or without cause, to replace the special servicer then acting with respect to the related FedEx Whole Loan and appoint a replacement special servicer in lieu thereof without the consent of any related FedEx Non-Controlling Note Holder as long as such replacement special servicer satisfies the conditions set forth in the PSA and the related FedEx Intercreditor Agreement. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—The Directing Certificateholder—Replacement of the Special Servicer Without Cause” and “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Replacement of the Special Servicer Without Cause” in this prospectus. For additional information regarding the servicing of the FedEx Whole Loans, see “Pooling and Servicing Agreement” in this prospectus.
The Non-Serviced Whole Loan
The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan
General
One (1) Mortgage Loan, identified as The Shops at Crystals (the “The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan”) on Annex A-1, representing approximately 9.2% of the Initial Pool Balance, is part of a Whole Loan structure comprised of thirty-one (31) mortgage notes, each of which is secured by the same mortgage instrument on the same underlying Mortgaged Property.
The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan is evidenced by two (2) tranches of debt, each comprised of four (4) promissory notes (promissory notes A-2-B-2, A-2-B-3, A-3-B-2 and A-3-B-3 (the “Trust A Note”) and B-2-B-2, B-2-B-3, B-3-B-2 and B-3-B-3 (the “Trust B Note”)) with an aggregate Cut-off Date Balance of $80,000,000. The two tranches of debt comprising The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan are senior/subordinate tranches with identical interest rates as set forth in Annex A-1 hereto. The related Pari Passu Companion Loans (“The Shops at Crystals Pari Passu Companion Loans”) are also senior/subordinate debt (but are each pari passu with the related tranche of debt comprising The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan) with identical interest rates as set forth in Annex A-1 hereto. Each The Shops at Crystals Pari Passu Companion Loan is comprised of one or more promissory notes, which together aggregate to fourteen (14) promissory notes (promissory notes A-1-A, A-2-A, A-3-A, A-1-B-1, A-1-B-2, A-2-B-1 and A-3-B-1 (collectively, the “Companion A Notes” and, together with the Trust A Note, the “A Notes”) and promissory notes B-1-A,
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B-2-A, B-3-A, B-1-B-1, B-1-B-2, B-2-B-1 and B-3-B-1 (collectively, the “Companion B Notes” and, together with the Trust B Note, the “B Notes”) with an aggregate Cut-off Date Balance of $302,700,000 that are not included in the issuing entity. Only The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan is included in the issuing entity. “The Shops at Crystals Subordinate Companion Loans” (and together with The Shops at Crystals Pari Passu Companion Loans, “The Shops at Crystals Companion Loans”) are evidenced by three (3) subordinate companion loans, each of which are subordinate to The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan and The Shops at Crystals Pari Passu Companion Loans, and which are subordinate to each more senior subordinate companion loan, each subordinate companion loan being comprised of three (3) pari passu promissory notes (promissory notes C-1, C-2 and C-3 (collectively, the “C Notes”), promissory notes D-1, D-2 and D-3 (collectively, the “D Notes”) and promissory notes E-1, E-2 and E-3 (collectively, the “E Notes”)), with a Cut-off Date Balance of $167,300,000 that are not included in the issuing entity. Only The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan is included in the issuing entity. Each tranche of The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan and The Shops at Crystals Pari Passu Companion Loans are pari passu with each other in terms of priority. The Shops at Crystals Subordinate Companion Loans are subordinate to The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan and The Shops at Crystals Pari Passu Companion Loans in terms of priority and subordinate to each Subordinate Companion Loan that is more senior thereto to the extent described below. The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan, The Shops at Crystals Pari Passu Companion Loans and The Shops at Crystals Subordinate Companion Loans are collectively referred to in this prospectus as “The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan”. The rights of the holders of the promissory notes evidencing The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan (“The Shops at Crystals Noteholders”) are subject to an Intercreditor Agreement (the “The Shops at Crystals Intercreditor Agreement”). The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan will be serviced and administered pursuant to the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement and The Shops at Crystals Intercreditor Agreement. The following summaries describe certain provisions of The Shops at Crystals Intercreditor Agreement.
Servicing
The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan (including The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan) and any related REO Property will be serviced and administered pursuant to the terms of the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement by the related servicer (“The Shops at Crystals Master Servicer”) and, if necessary, the related special servicer (“The Shops at Crystals Special Servicer”), in the manner described under “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan—Servicing of The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan”, but subject to the terms of The Shops at Crystals Intercreditor Agreement. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan—Servicing of The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan”.
Application of Payments
The Shops at Crystals Intercreditor Agreement sets forth the respective rights of The Shops at Crystals Noteholders with respect to distributions of funds received in respect of the Shops at Crystals Whole Loan, and provides, in general, that:
Prior to the occurrence and continuance of an event of default with respect to The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan, any collections received in respect of The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan or Mortgaged Property will be applied to The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan, The Shops at Crystals Pari Passu Companion Loans and The Shops at Crystals Subordinate Companion Loans in accordance with the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement and The Shops at Crystals Intercreditor Agreement. Accordingly, subject to the right of The Shops at Crystals Master Servicer, The Shops at Crystals Special
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Servicer, trustee and the certificate administrator under The Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement to be reimbursed for any unanticipated trust fund expenses in accordance with The Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement, the monthly interest payment on The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan will be applied: (i) first, to the payment of interest due and payable on each of the A Notes, pro rata and pari passu; (ii) second, to the payment of interest due and payable on each of the B Notes, pro rata and pari passu; (iii) third, to the payment of interest due and payable on each of the C Notes, pro rata and pari passu; (iv) fourth, to the payment of interest due and payable on each of the D Notes, pro rata and pari passu and (v) fifth, to the payment of interest due and payable on each of the E Notes, pro rata and pari passu; and any prepayment or repayment of the principal of The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan will be applied: (a) first, to the reduction of the outstanding principal balance of each of the A Notes, pro rata and pari passu, until the outstanding principal balance of each such Note is reduced to zero; (b) second, to the reduction of the outstanding principal balance of each of the B Notes, pro rata and pari passu, until the outstanding principal balance of each such Note is reduced to zero; (c) third, to the reduction of the outstanding principal balance of each of the C Notes, pro rata and pari passu, until the outstanding principal balance of each such Note is reduced to zero; (d) fourth, to the reduction of the outstanding principal balance of the D Notes, pro rata and pari passu, until the outstanding principal balance of each such Note is reduced to zero; and (e) fifth, to the reduction of the outstanding principal balance of each of the E Notes, pro rata and pari passu, until the outstanding principal balance of each such Note is reduced to zero.
Following the occurrence and during the continuance of an event of default with respect to The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan, payments and proceeds with respect to The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan will generally be applied in the following order, in each case to the extent of available funds:
· | first, to provide reimbursement to The Shops at Crystals Master Servicer and the trustee under The Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement for any nonrecoverable servicing advances and administrative advances and any interest thereon; |
· | second, to provide reimbursement for any nonrecoverable monthly debt service advances and interest thereon on the A Notes, on a pari passu and pro rata basis, then to provide reimbursement for any nonrecoverable monthly debt service advances and interest thereon on the B Notes, on a pari passu and pro rata basis, then to provide reimbursement for any nonrecoverable monthly debt service advances and interest thereon on the C Notes, on a pari passu and pro rata basis, then to provide reimbursement for any nonrecoverable monthly debt service advances and interest thereon on the D Notes, on a pari passu and pro rata basis and then to provide reimbursement for any nonrecoverable monthly debt service advances on the E Notes, on a pari passu and pro rata basis; |
· | third, to provide reimbursement for any servicing advances and administrative advances plus any interest thereon and any trust fund expenses (in each case provided that such reimbursements or payments relate to The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan and Mortgaged Property); |
· | fourth, to the holders of the A Notes on a pro rata and pari passu basis, in an amount equal to the accrued and unpaid interest (other than default interest) on the outstanding principal of their respective notes; |
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· | fifth, to the holders of the A Notes on a pro rata and pari passu basis, in an amount equal to the accrued and unpaid interest on monthly debt service advances; |
· | sixth, to the holders of the A Notes, payments of principal, on a pro rata and pari passu basis, based on their outstanding principal balances, until their principal balances have been reduced to zero; |
· | seventh, to the holders of the B Notes, on a pro rata and pari passu basis, in an amount equal to the accrued and unpaid interest (other than default interest)on the outstanding principal of their respective notes; |
· | eighth, to the holders of the B Notes, on a pro rata and pari passu basis, in an amount equal to the accrued and unpaid interest on monthly debt services advances on the B Notes; |
· | ninth, to the holders of the B Notes, payments of principal on a pro rata and pari passu basis, based on their outstanding principal balances, until their principal balances have been reduced to zero; |
· | tenth, to the holders of the C Notes, on a pro rata and pari passu basis, in an amount equal to the accrued and unpaid interest (other than default interest) on the outstanding principal of their respective notes; |
· | eleventh, to the holders of the C Notes, on a pro rata and pari passu basis, in an amount equal to the accrued and unpaid interest on monthly debt service advances on the C Notes; |
· | twelfth, to the holders of the C Notes, payments of principal, on a pro rata and pari passu basis, based on their outstanding principal balances, until their principal balances have been reduced to zero; |
· | thirteenth, to the holders of the D Notes, on a pro rata and pari passu basis, in an amount equal to the accrued and unpaid interest (other than default interest) on the outstanding principal of their respective notes; |
· | fourteenth, to the holders of the D Notes, on a pro rata and pari passu basis, in an amount equal to the accrued and unpaid interest on monthly debt service advances on the D Notes; |
· | fifteenth, to the holders of the D Notes, payments of principal, on a pro rata and pari passu basis, based on their outstanding principal balances, until their principal balances have been reduced to zero; |
· | sixteenth, to the holders of the E Notes, on a pro rata and pari passu basis, in an amount equal to the accrued and unpaid interest (other than default interest) on the outstanding principal of their respective notes; |
· | seventeenth, to the holders of the E Notes, on a pro rata and pari passu basis, in an amount equal to the accrued and unpaid interest on monthly debt service advances on the E Notes; |
· | eighteenth, to the holders of the E Notes, payments of principal, on a pro rata and pari passu basis, based on their outstanding principal balances, until their principal balances have been reduced to zero; |
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· | nineteenth, to pay The Shops at Crystals Master Servicer or The Shops at Crystals Special Servicer any amounts to be applied to the payment of, or escrowed for the future payment of, real estate taxes, assessments and insurance premiums and similar items; |
· | twentieth, to fund any other reserves to the extent then required to be held in escrow; |
· | twenty-first, to pay to the holders of the A Notes any yield maintenance or other prepayment premium then due and payable to the holders of the A Notes, on a pro rata and pari passu basis, then to the holders of the B Notes any yield maintenance or other prepayment premium then due and payable to the holders of the B Notes, on a pro rata and pari passu basis, then to the holders of the C Notes any yield maintenance or other prepayment premium then due and payable to the holders of the C Notes, on a pro rata and pari passu basis, then the holders of the D Notes any yield maintenance or other prepayment premium then due and payable to the holders of the D Notes, on a pro rata and pari passu basis, and then the holders of the E Notes any yield maintenance or other prepayment premium then due and payable to the holders of the E Notes, on a pro rata and pari passu basis; |
· | twenty-second, to pay The Shops at Crystals Master Servicer or The Shops at Crystals Special Servicer default interest and late fees then due and payable under The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan documents, all of which will be applied in accordance with the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement; |
· | twenty-third, to pay any additional servicing compensation that The Shops at Crystals Master Servicer or The Shops at Crystals Special Servicer is entitled to receive under the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement; and |
· | twenty-fourth, any remaining amount will be paid pro rata to the holders of The Shops at Crystals Companion Loans and the issuing entity as holder of The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan, based on the original principal balance of The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan and The Shops at Crystals Companion Loans. |
If a P&I Advance is made with respect to The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan pursuant to the terms of the PSA, unless such P&I Advance is determined to be nonrecoverable, that P&I Advance, together with interest on that P&I Advance, may only be reimbursed out of future payments and collections on The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan or, as and to the extent described under “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Advances”, on other mortgage loans in this securitization, but not out of payments or other collections on The Shops at Crystals Companion Loans.
The issuing entity is required to pay its pro rata share of any unanticipated trust fund expenses relating to the servicing of The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan in accordance with The Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement and The Shops at Crystals Intercreditor Agreement to the extent that such amounts remain unpaid or unreimbursed after funds received from the related borrower for payment of such amounts and any principal and interest collections allocable to the E Notes, D Notes and C Notes have been applied to pay such amounts (it being understood that the pro rata share payable by issuing entity under this paragraph would be determined by allocating such unanticipated trust expenses, as the case may be, first to the E Notes, then to the D Notes, then to the C Notes, then to the B Notes and then to the Class A Notes, in that order).
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To the extent collections received after the final liquidation of The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan or the related Mortgaged Property are not sufficient to pay such fees and expenses incurred in connection with the servicing and administration of The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan in full, the issuing entity will be required to pay or reimburse its pro rata share of such unpaid fees and expenses (which will be determined based on the original principal balance of The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan, The Shops at Crystals Companion Loans and The Shops at Crystals Subordinate Companion Loans and after allocating such fees and expenses first to the E Notes, then to the D Notes, then to the C Notes, then to the B Notes and then to the A Notes, in that order) from general collections on the other mortgage loans in the trust. This may result in temporary (or, if not ultimately reimbursed, permanent) shortfalls to holders of the certificates.
Consultation and Control
The controlling noteholder under The Shops at Crystals Intercreditor Agreement will be the securitization trust created pursuant to the terms of the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement. Pursuant to the terms of the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement, the directing certificate holder of The Shops at Crystals Securitization Trust (“The Shops at Crystals Directing Certificateholder”) will have consent and/or consultation rights with respect to The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan similar, but not necessarily identical, to those held by the Directing Certificateholder under the terms of the PSA. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan—Servicing of The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan”.
In addition, pursuant to the terms of The Shops at Crystals Intercreditor Agreement, the issuing entity, as a non-controlling note holder will (i) have the right to receive copies of all notices, information and reports that The Shops at Crystals Master Servicer or The Shops at Crystals Special Servicer, as applicable, is required to provide to The Shops at Crystals Directing Certificateholder (within the same time frame such notices, information and reports to The Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Directing Certificateholder without regard to whether or not such directing certificateholder actually has lost any rights to receive such information as a result of a consultation termination event or control termination event under the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement) with respect to any major decisions to be taken with respect to The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan or the implementation of any recommended action outlined in an asset status report relating to The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan and (ii) have the right to be consulted on a strictly non-binding basis to the extent the issuing entity requests consultation with respect to certain major decisions to be taken with respect to The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan or the implementation of any recommended action outlined in an asset status report relating to The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan. The consultation rights of the issuing entity will expire 10 business days following the delivery of written notice and information relating to the matter subject to consultation whether or not the issuing entity has responded within such period; provided that if The Shops at Crystals Master Servicer or The Shops at Crystals Special Servicer, as applicable, proposes a new course of action that is materially different from the actions previously proposed, the 10 business day consultation period will be deemed to begin anew from the date of delivery of such new proposal and delivery of all information related to such new proposal. Notwithstanding the consultation rights of the issuing entity as described above The Shops at Crystals Master Servicer or The Shops at Crystals Special Servicer, as applicable, is permitted to make any material decision or take any action set forth in the asset status report before the expiration of the aforementioned 10 business day period if it determines that immediate action with respect to such decision is necessary to protect the interests of the holders of The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan, the related The Shops at Crystals Pari Passu Companion Loans and the related The Shops at
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Crystals Subordinate Companion Loans. Neither The Shops at Crystals Master Servicer nor The Shops at Crystals Special Servicer will be obligated at any time to follow or take any alternative actions recommended by the holder of The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan (or its representative). The operating advisor will generally have no obligations or consultation rights under the PSA with respect to The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan or any related REO Property, and there is no operating advisor or equivalent entity under The Shops at Crystals 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement.
Sale of Defaulted The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan
Pursuant to the terms of The Shops at Crystals Intercreditor Agreement, if The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan become a defaulted loan pursuant to the terms of the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement, and if The Shops at Crystals Special Servicer determines to sell The Shops at Crystals Pari Passu Companion Loans in accordance with the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement, then The Shops at Crystals Special Servicer will be required to sell The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan together with The Shops at Crystals Pari Passu Companion Loans and The Shops at Crystals Subordinate Companion Loans as one whole loan. In connection with any such sale, The Shops at Crystals Special Servicer will be required to follow the procedures set forth under “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan—Servicing of The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan”.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, The Shops at Crystals Special Servicer will not be permitted to sell The Shops at Crystals Pari Passu Companion Loans together with The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan if such loan becomes a defaulted loan without the written consent of the issuing entity as holder of The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan (provided that such consent is not required if the issuing entity is the borrower or an affiliate of the borrower) unless The Shops at Crystals Special Servicer has delivered to the issuing entity: (a) at least 15 business days’ prior written notice of any decision to attempt to sell the related Whole Loan; (b) at least 10 days prior to the proposed sale date, a copy of each bid package (together with any material amendments to such bid packages) received by The Shops at Crystals Special Servicer in connection with any such proposed sale; (c) at least 10 days prior to the proposed sale date, a copy of the most recent appraisal for The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan, and any documents in the servicing file reasonably requested by the issuing entity that are material to the price of The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan; and (d) until the sale is completed, and a reasonable period of time (but no less time than is afforded to other offerors) prior to the proposed sale date, all information and other documents being provided to other offerors and all leases or other documents that are approved by The Shops at Crystals Master Servicer or The Shops at Crystals Special Servicer in connection with the proposed sale; provided that the issuing entity may waive any of the delivery or timing requirements described in this sentence. Subject to the terms of the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement, the holder of The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan (or its representative) will be permitted to submit an offer at any sale of the related Whole Loan (unless such person is the borrower or an agent or affiliate of the borrower).
Special Servicer Appointment Rights
Pursuant to the terms of The Shops at Crystals Intercreditor Agreement and the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement, the securitization trust created pursuant to the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement (“The Shops at Crystals Securitization Trust”), as the controlling noteholder, will have the right, with or without cause, to replace The Shops at Crystals Special Servicer then acting with respect to The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan and appoint a replacement special servicer in
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accordance with the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan—Servicing of The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan”.
Additional Information
Each of the tables presented in Annex A-2 sets forth selected characteristics of the pool of Mortgage Loans as of the Cut-off Date, if applicable. For a detailed presentation of certain additional characteristics of the Mortgage Loans and the Mortgaged Properties on an individual basis, see Annex A-1. For a brief summary of the largest 15 Mortgage Loans or groups of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans in the pool of Mortgage Loans, see Annex A-3.
The description in this prospectus, including Annex A-1, A-2 and A-3, of the Mortgage Pool and the Mortgaged Properties is based upon the Mortgage Pool as expected to be constituted at the close of business on the Cut-off Date, as adjusted for the scheduled principal payments due on the Mortgage Loans on or before the Cut-off Date. Prior to the issuance of the Offered Certificates, a Mortgage Loan may be removed from the Mortgage Pool if the depositor deems such removal necessary or appropriate or if it is prepaid. This may cause the range of Mortgage Rates and maturities as well as the other characteristics of the Mortgage Loans to vary from those described in this prospectus.
A Current Report on Form 8-K containing detailed information regarding the Mortgage Loans will be available to persons (including beneficial owners of the Offered Certificates) who receive this prospectus and will be filed pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), together with the PSA, with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on or prior to the date of the filing of this prospectus.
Transaction Parties
The Sponsors and Mortgage Loan Sellers
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, Bank of America, National Association and Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A. are referred to in this prospectus as the “originators”. The depositor will acquire the Mortgage Loans from Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, Bank of America, National Association and Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC on or about August 18, 2016 (the “Closing Date”). Each mortgage loan seller is a “sponsor” of the securitization transaction described in this prospectus. The depositor will cause the Mortgage Loans in the Mortgage Pool to be assigned to the trustee pursuant to the PSA.
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association
General
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (“Wells Fargo Bank”), a national banking association, is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Wells Fargo & Company (NYSE: WFC). The principal office of Wells Fargo Bank’s commercial mortgage origination division is located at 45 Fremont Street, 9th Floor, San Francisco, California 94105, and its telephone number is (415) 396-7697. Wells Fargo Bank is engaged in a general consumer banking, commercial banking, and trust business, offering a wide range of commercial, corporate, international, financial market, retail and fiduciary banking services. Wells Fargo Bank is a national banking association chartered by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (the “OCC”)
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and is subject to the regulation, supervision and examination of the OCC. Wells Fargo Bank is also the successor by merger to Wachovia Bank, National Association (“Wachovia Bank”), which, together with Wells Fargo Securities, LLC (formerly known as Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC), was previously a subsidiary of Wachovia Corporation. On December 31, 2008, Wachovia Corporation merged with and into Wells Fargo & Company. As a result of this transaction, the depositor, Wachovia Bank and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC became wholly-owned subsidiaries of Wells Fargo & Company, and affiliates of Wells Fargo Bank. On March 20, 2010, Wachovia Bank merged with and into Wells Fargo Bank.
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association’s Commercial Mortgage Securitization Program
Prior to its merger with Wachovia Bank, Wells Fargo Bank was an active participant in securitizations of commercial and multifamily mortgage loans as a mortgage loan seller and sponsor in securitizations for which unaffiliated entities acted as depositor. Between the inception of its commercial mortgage securitization program in 1995 and December 2007, Wells Fargo Bank originated approximately 5,360 fixed-rate commercial and multifamily mortgage loans with an aggregate original principal balance of approximately $32.4 billion, which were included in approximately 61 securitization transactions.
Prior to its merger into Wells Fargo Bank, one of Wachovia Bank’s primary business lines was the underwriting and origination of mortgage loans secured by commercial or multifamily properties. With its commercial mortgage lending affiliates and predecessors, Wachovia Bank began originating and securitizing commercial mortgage loans in 1995. The total amount of commercial mortgage loans originated and securitized by Wachovia Bank from 1995 through November 2007 was approximately $87.9 billion. Approximately $81.0 billion of such commercial mortgage loans were securitized by an affiliate of Wachovia Bank acting as depositor, and approximately $6.9 billion were securitized by an unaffiliated entity acting as depositor.
Since 2010, and following the merger of Wachovia Bank into Wells Fargo Bank, Wells Fargo Bank has resumed its active participation in the securitization of commercial and multifamily mortgage loans. Wells Fargo Bank originates commercial and multifamily mortgage loans and, together with other mortgage loan sellers and sponsors, participates in the securitization of such mortgage loans by transferring them to the depositor or to an unaffiliated securitization depositor. In coordination with its affiliate, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, and other underwriters, Wells Fargo Bank works with rating agencies, mortgage loan sellers, subordinated debt purchasers and master servicers in structuring securitizations in which it is a sponsor, mortgage loan seller and originator. For the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2015, Wells Fargo Bank securitized commercial and multifamily mortgage loans with an aggregate original principal balance of approximately $6.11 billion. Since the beginning of 2010, Wells Fargo Bank originated approximately 1,431 fixed-rate commercial and multifamily mortgage loans with an aggregate original principal balance of approximately $26.1 billion, which were included in 70 securitization transactions. The properties securing these loans include multifamily, office, retail, industrial, hospitality and self storage properties. Wells Fargo Bank and certain of its affiliates also originate other commercial and multifamily mortgage loans that are not securitized, including subordinated and mezzanine loans.
In addition to commercial and multifamily mortgage loans, Wells Fargo Bank and its affiliates have originated and securitized residential mortgage loans, auto loans, home equity loans, credit card receivables and student loans. Wells Fargo Bank and its affiliates have also served as sponsors, issuers, master servicers, servicers, certificate administrators, custodians and trustees in a wide array of securitization transactions.
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Wells Fargo Bank’s Commercial Mortgage Loan Underwriting
General. Wells Fargo Bank’s commercial real estate finance group has the authority, with the approval from the appropriate credit authority, to originate fixed-rate, first lien commercial, multifamily or manufactured housing community mortgage loans for securitization. Wells Fargo Bank’s commercial real estate finance operation is staffed by real estate professionals. Wells Fargo Bank’s loan underwriting group is an integral component of the commercial real estate finance group which also includes groups responsible for loan origination and closing mortgage loans.
Upon receipt of an executed loan application, Wells Fargo Bank’s loan underwriters commence a review of the borrower’s financial condition and creditworthiness and the real property which will secure the loan.
Notwithstanding the discussion below, given the unique nature of income-producing real properties, the underwriting and origination procedures and the credit analysis with respect to any particular multifamily or commercial mortgage loan may differ significantly from one asset to another, and will be driven by circumstances particular to that property, including, among others, its type, current use, physical quality, size, environmental condition, location, market conditions, capital reserve requirements and additional collateral, tenants and leases, borrower identity, borrower sponsorship and/or performance history, and certain other factors. Consequently, we cannot assure you that the underwriting of any particular multifamily or commercial mortgage loan will conform to each of the general procedures described in this “—Wells Fargo Bank’s Commercial Mortgage Loan Underwriting” section. For important information about the circumstances that have affected the underwriting of the mortgage loans in the mortgage pool, see the “Risk Factors” and “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Exceptions to Underwriting Guidelines” sections of this prospectus and the other subsections of this “Transaction Parties” section.
If a mortgage loan exhibits any one of the following credit positive characteristics, variances from general underwriting/origination procedures described below may be considered acceptable under the circumstances indicated: (i) low loan-to-value ratio; (ii) high debt service coverage ratio; (iii) experienced sponsor(s)/guarantor(s) with financial wherewithal; and (iv) elements of recourse included in the loan.
Loan Analysis. Generally, Wells Fargo Bank performs both a credit analysis and collateral analysis with respect to a loan applicant and the real estate that will secure the loan. In general, credit analysis of the borrower and the real estate includes a review of historical financial statements (or, in the case of acquisitions, often only current financial statements), rent rolls, certain leases, third-party credit reports, judgments, liens, bankruptcy and pending litigation searches and, if applicable, the loan payment history of the borrower. Wells Fargo Bank typically performs a qualitative analysis which incorporates independent credit checks and published debt and equity information with respect to certain principals of the borrower as well as the borrower itself. Borrowers are generally required to be single-purpose entities. The collateral analysis typically includes an analysis of the following, to the extent available and applicable based on property type: historical property operating statements, rent rolls, operating budgets, a projection of future performance, and a review of certain tenant leases. Depending on the type of collateral property and other factors, the credit of key tenants may also be reviewed. Each mortgaged property is generally inspected by a Wells Fargo Bank underwriter or qualified designee. Wells Fargo Bank generally requires third-party appraisals, as well as environmental and property condition reports and, if determined by Wells Fargo Bank to be applicable, seismic reports. Each report is reviewed for acceptability by a staff member of Wells Fargo Bank or a third-party consultant. Generally, the results of these reviews are incorporated into the
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underwriting report. In some instances, one or more of the procedures may be waived or modified by Wells Fargo Bank if it is determined not to adversely affect the mortgage loans originated by it in any material respect.
Loan Approval. Prior to loan closing, all mortgage loans to be originated by Wells Fargo Bank must be approved by one or more officers of Wells Fargo Bank (depending on loan size), who may approve a mortgage loan as recommended, request additional due diligence, modify the loan terms or decline a loan transaction.
Debt Service Coverage Ratios and Loan-to-Value Ratios. Generally, the debt service coverage ratios for Wells Fargo Bank mortgage loans will be equal to or greater than 1.20x; provided, however, that variances may be made when consideration is given to circumstances particular to the mortgage loan, the related mortgaged property, loan-to-value ratio, reserves or other factors. For example, Wells Fargo Bank may originate a mortgage loan with a debt service coverage ratio below 1.20x based on, among other things, the amortization features of the mortgage loan (for example, if the mortgage loan provides for relatively rapid amortization), the type of tenants and leases at the mortgaged property, the taking of additional collateral such as reserves, letters of credit and/or guarantees, Wells Fargo Bank’s judgment of improved property and/or market performance in the future and/or other relevant factors.
Generally, the loan-to-value ratio for Wells Fargo Bank mortgage loans will be equal to or less than 80%; provided, however, that variances may be made when consideration is given to circumstances particular to the mortgage loan, the related mortgaged property, debt service coverage, reserves or other factors. For example, Wells Fargo Bank may originate a mortgage loan with a loan-to-value ratio above 80% based on, among other things, the amortization features of the mortgage loan (for example, if the mortgage loan provides for relatively rapid amortization), the type of tenants and leases at the related mortgaged property, the taking of additional collateral such as reserves, letters of credit and/or guarantees, Wells Fargo Bank’s judgment of improved property and/or performance in the future and/or other relevant factors.
While the foregoing discussion generally reflects how calculations of debt service coverage ratios are made, it does not necessarily reflect the specific calculations made to determine the debt service coverage ratio disclosed in this prospectus with respect to the mortgage loans to be sold to us by Wells Fargo Bank for deposit into the trust fund.
Additional Debt. When underwriting a multifamily or commercial mortgage loan, Wells Fargo Bank will take into account whether the mortgaged property and/or direct or indirect interest in a related borrower are encumbered by additional debt and will analyze the likely effect of that additional debt on repayment of the subject mortgage loan. It is possible that Wells Fargo Bank or an affiliate will be the lender on that additional debt, and may either sell such debt to an unaffiliated third party or hold it in inventory.
The combined debt service coverage ratios and loan-to-value ratios of a mortgage loan and the related additional debt may be significantly below 1.20x and significantly above 80%, notwithstanding that the mortgage loan by itself may satisfy such guidelines.
Assessments of Property Condition. As part of the underwriting process, Wells Fargo Bank will analyze the condition of the real property collateral for a prospective multifamily or commercial mortgage loan. To aid in that analysis, Wells Fargo Bank will typically inspect or retain a third party to inspect the property and will in most cases obtain the property assessments and reports described below.
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Appraisals. Wells Fargo Bank will, in most cases, require that the real property collateral for a prospective multifamily or commercial mortgage loan be appraised by a state-certified appraiser, an appraiser belonging to the “Appraisal Institute”, a membership association of professional real estate appraisers, or an otherwise qualified appraiser. In addition, Wells Fargo Bank will generally require that those appraisals be conducted in accordance with the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practices developed by The Appraisal Foundation, a not-for-profit organization established by the appraisal profession. Furthermore, the appraisal report will usually include or be accompanied by a separate letter that includes a statement by the appraiser that the guidelines in Title XI of the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act of 1989 were followed in preparing the appraisal. In some cases, however, Wells Fargo Bank may establish the value of the subject real property collateral based on a cash flow analysis, a recent sales price or another method or benchmark of valuation.
Environmental Assessments. Wells Fargo Bank will, in most cases, require a Phase I environmental assessment with respect to the real property collateral for a prospective multifamily or commercial mortgage loan. However, when circumstances warrant, Wells Fargo Bank may utilize an update of a prior environmental assessment, a transaction screen or a desktop review. Alternatively, Wells Fargo Bank might forego an environmental assessment in limited circumstances, such as when it has obtained the benefits of an environmental insurance policy or an environmental guarantee. Furthermore, an environmental assessment conducted at any particular real property collateral will not necessarily cover all potential environmental issues. For example, an analysis for radon, lead-based paint and lead in drinking water will usually be conducted only at multifamily rental properties and only when Wells Fargo Bank or the environmental consultant believes that special circumstances warrant such an analysis.
Depending on the findings of the initial environmental assessment, Wells Fargo Bank may require additional record searches or environmental testing, such as a Phase II environmental assessment with respect to the real property collateral.
Engineering Assessments. In connection with the origination process, Wells Fargo Bank may require that an engineering firm inspect the real property collateral for any prospective multifamily or commercial mortgage loan to assess the structure, exterior walls, roofing, interior structure and/or mechanical and electrical systems. Based on the resulting report, Wells Fargo Bank will determine the appropriate response, if any, to any recommended repairs, corrections or replacements and any identified deferred maintenance.
Seismic Report. In general, prospective borrowers seeking loans secured by properties located in California or in seismic zones 3 or 4 obtain a seismic engineering report of the building and, based thereon and on certain statistical information, an estimate of damage based on the percentage of the replacement cost of the building in an earthquake scenario. This percentage of the replacement cost is expressed in terms of probable maximum loss (“PML”), probable loss (“PL”), or scenario expected loss (“SEL”). Generally, any of the mortgage loans as to which the property was estimated to have PML, PL or SEL in excess of 20% of the estimated replacement cost, would either be subject to a lower loan-to-value ratio limit at origination, be conditioned on seismic upgrading (or appropriate reserves or letter of credit for retrofitting), be conditioned on satisfactory earthquake insurance, or be structured with a degree of recourse to a guarantor.
Zoning and Building Code Compliance. In connection with the origination of a multifamily or commercial mortgage loan, Wells Fargo Bank will generally consider whether the use and occupancy of the related real property collateral is in material compliance with zoning, land-use, building rules, regulations and orders then applicable to that property.
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Evidence of this compliance may be in the form of one or more of the following: legal opinions; surveys; recorded documents; temporary or permanent certificates of occupancy; letters from government officials or agencies, including applicable land use and zoning regulations; title insurance endorsements; engineering or consulting reports; and/or representations by the related borrower.
Where a mortgaged property as currently operated is a permitted nonconforming use and/or the structure and the improvements may not be rebuilt to the same dimensions or used in the same manner in the event of a major casualty, Wells Fargo Bank will consider whether—
· | any major casualty that would prevent rebuilding has a sufficiently remote likelihood of occurring; |
· | casualty insurance proceeds together with the value of any additional collateral would be available in an amount estimated by Wells Fargo Bank to be sufficient to pay off the related mortgage loan in full; |
· | the real property collateral, if permitted to be repaired or restored in conformity with current law, would in Wells Fargo Bank’s judgment constitute adequate security for the related mortgage loan; |
· | whether a variance or other similar change in applicable zoning restrictions is potentially available, or whether the applicable governing entity is likely to enforce the related limitations; and/or |
· | to require the related borrower to obtain law and ordinance insurance and/or alternative mitigant is in place. |
Escrow Requirements. Generally, Wells Fargo Bank requires most borrowers to fund various escrows for taxes and insurance, capital expenses and replacement reserves. Generally, the required escrows for mortgage loans originated by Wells Fargo Bank are as follows:
· | Taxes—Typically, an initial deposit and monthly escrow deposits equal to 1/12th of the annual property taxes (based on the most recent property assessment and the current millage rate) are required to provide Wells Fargo Bank with sufficient funds to satisfy all taxes and assessments. Tax escrows may not be required if a property is a single tenant property and the tenant is required to pay taxes directly. Wells Fargo Bank may waive this escrow requirement under certain circumstances. |
· | Insurance—If the property is insured under an individual policy (i.e., the property is not covered by a blanket policy), typically an initial deposit and monthly escrow deposits equal to 1/12th of the annual property insurance premium are required to provide Wells Fargo Bank with sufficient funds to pay all insurance premiums. Insurance escrows may not be required if (i) the borrower maintains a blanket insurance policy, or (ii) the property is a single tenant property (which may include ground leased tenants) and the tenant is required to maintain property insurance. Wells Fargo Bank may waive this escrow requirement under certain circumstances. |
· | Replacement Reserves—Replacement reserves are generally calculated in accordance with the expected useful life of the components of the property during the term of the mortgage loan. Annual replacement reserves are generally underwritten to the suggested replacement reserve amount from an independent, |
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third-party property condition or engineering report, or to certain minimum requirements by property type. Replacement reserves may not be required if the related mortgaged property is a single tenant property and the related tenant is responsible for all repairs and maintenance, including those required with respect to the roof and improvement structure. Wells Fargo Bank may waive this escrow requirement under certain circumstances. | ||
· | Completion Repair/Environmental Remediation—Typically, a completion repair or remediation reserve is required where an environmental or engineering report suggests that such reserve is necessary. Upon funding of the related mortgage loan, Wells Fargo Bank generally requires that at least 115%-125% of the estimated costs of repairs or replacements be reserved and generally requires that repairs or replacements be completed within a year after the funding of the related mortgage loan. Wells Fargo Bank may waive this escrow requirement or adjust the timing to complete repairs under certain circumstances. |
· | Tenant Improvement/Lease Commissions—In most cases, various tenants have lease expirations within the mortgage loan term. To mitigate this risk, special reserves may be required to be funded either at closing of the mortgage loan and/or during the related mortgage loan term to cover certain anticipated leasing commissions or tenant improvement costs which might be associated with re-leasing the space occupied by such tenants. Tenant Improvement/Lease Commissions may not be required for single tenant properties with leases that extend beyond the loan term or where rent at the mortgaged property is considered below market. Wells Fargo Bank may waive this escrow requirement under certain circumstances. |
Furthermore, Wells Fargo Bank may accept an alternative to a cash escrow or reserve from a borrower, such as a letter of credit or a guarantee from the borrower or an affiliate of the borrower or periodic evidence that the items for which the escrow or reserve would have been established are being addressed. In some cases, Wells Fargo Bank may determine that establishing an escrow or reserve is not warranted in the event of the existence of one or more of the credit positive characteristics discussed above, or given the amounts that would be involved and Wells Fargo Bank’s evaluation of the ability of the mortgaged property, the borrower or a holder of direct or indirect ownership interests in the borrower to bear the subject expense or cost absent creation of an escrow or reserve.
Co-Originated or Third Party-Originated Mortgage Loans. From time to time, Wells Fargo Bank originates mortgage loans together with other financial institutions. The resulting mortgage loans are evidenced by two or more promissory notes, at least one of which will reflect Wells Fargo Bank as the payee. Wells Fargo Bank has in the past and may in the future deposit such promissory notes for which it is named as payee with one or more securitization trusts, while its co-originators have in the past and may in the future deposit such promissory notes for which they are named payee into other securitization trusts. The Mortgage Loan identified on Annex A-1 as The Shops at Crystals, representing approximately 9.2% of the Initial Pool Balance, was co-originated by Wells Fargo Bank, Bank of America, National Association and JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association.
Exceptions. One or more of Wells Fargo Bank’s Mortgage Loans may vary from the specific Wells Fargo Bank’s underwriting guidelines described above when additional credit positive characteristics are present as discussed above. In addition, in the case of one or more of Wells Fargo Bank’s Mortgage Loans, Wells Fargo Bank or another originator may not have applied each of the specific underwriting guidelines described above as the result of case-by-case permitted flexibility based upon other compensating factors. For any
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material exceptions to Wells Fargo Bank’s underwriting guidelines described above in respect of the Wells Fargo Bank Mortgage Loans, see “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Exceptions to Underwriting Guidelines” in this prospectus.
Review of Mortgage Loans for Which Wells Fargo Bank is the Sponsor
Overview. Wells Fargo Bank, in its capacity as the sponsor of the Wells Fargo Bank Mortgage Loans, has conducted a review of the Wells Fargo Bank Mortgage Loans it is selling to the depositor designed and effected to provide reasonable assurance that the disclosure related to the Wells Fargo Bank Mortgage Loans is accurate in all material respects. Wells Fargo Bank determined the nature, extent and timing of the review and the level of assistance provided by any third parties. The review of the Wells Fargo Bank Mortgage Loans was performed by a deal team comprised of real estate and securitization professionals who are employees of Wells Fargo Bank (collectively, the “Wells Fargo Bank Deal Team”) with the assistance of certain third parties. Wells Fargo Bank has ultimate authority and control over, and assumes all responsibility for and attributes to itself, the review of the Mortgage Loans that it is selling to the depositor and the review’s findings and conclusions. The review procedures described below were employed with respect to all of the Wells Fargo Bank Mortgage Loans (rather than relying on sampling procedures), except that certain review procedures were solely relevant to the large loan disclosures in this prospectus, as further described below.
Database. To prepare for securitization, members of the Wells Fargo Bank Deal Team created a database of loan-level and property-level information relating to each Wells Fargo Bank Mortgage Loan. The database was compiled from, among other sources, the related mortgage loan documents, third-party reports (appraisals, environmental site assessments, property condition reports, zoning reports and applicable seismic studies), insurance policies, borrower-supplied information (including, to the extent available, rent rolls, leases, operating statements and budgets) and information collected by Wells Fargo Bank during the underwriting process. Prior to securitization of each Wells Fargo Bank Mortgage Loan, the Wells Fargo Bank Deal Team may have updated the information in the database with respect to such Wells Fargo Bank Mortgage Loan based on current information provided by the related servicer relating to loan payment status and escrows, updated operating statements, rent rolls and leasing activity, and information otherwise brought to the attention of the Wells Fargo Bank Deal Team. Such updates were not intended to be, and do not serve as, a re-underwriting of any Mortgage Loan.
A data tape (the “Wells Fargo Bank Data Tape”) containing detailed information regarding each Wells Fargo Bank Mortgage Loan was created from the information in the database referred to in the prior paragraph. The Wells Fargo Bank Data Tape was used by the Wells Fargo Bank Deal Team to provide the numerical information regarding the Wells Fargo Bank Mortgage Loans in this prospectus.
Data Comparisons and Recalculation. The depositor, on behalf of Wells Fargo Bank, engaged a third-party accounting firm to perform certain data comparison and recalculation procedures which were designed or provided by Wells Fargo Bank relating to information in this prospectus regarding the Wells Fargo Bank Mortgage Loans. These procedures included:
· | comparing the information in the Wells Fargo Bank Data Tape against various source documents provided by Wells Fargo Bank; |
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· | comparing numerical information regarding the Wells Fargo Bank Mortgage Loans and the related Mortgaged Properties disclosed in this prospectus against the information contained in the Wells Fargo Bank Data Tape; and |
· | recalculating certain percentages, ratios and other formulae relating to the Wells Fargo Bank Mortgage Loans disclosed in this prospectus. |
Legal Review. In anticipation of the securitization of each Wells Fargo Bank Mortgage Loan, mortgage loan seller counsel promulgated a form of legal summary to be completed by origination counsel that, among other things, set forth certain material terms and property diligence information, and elicited information concerning potentially outlying attributes of the mortgage loan as well as any related mitigating considerations. Mortgage loan seller’s counsel reviewed the legal summaries for each Wells Fargo Bank Mortgage Loan, together with pertinent parts of the Mortgage Loan documentation and property diligence materials, in connection with preparing or corroborating the accuracy of certain loan disclosure in this prospectus. In addition, mortgage loan seller’s counsel reviewed Wells Fargo Bank’s representations and warranties set forth on Annex D-1 and, if applicable, identified exceptions to those representations and warranties.
Securitization counsel was also engaged to assist in the review of the Wells Fargo Bank Mortgage Loans. Such assistance included, among other things, a review of a due diligence questionnaire completed by the Wells Fargo Bank Deal Team. Securitization counsel also reviewed the property release provisions, if any, for each Wells Fargo Bank Mortgage Loan with multiple Mortgaged Properties for compliance with the REMIC provisions.
Mortgage loan seller’s counsel or securitization counsel also assisted in the preparation of the mortgage loan summaries set forth in Annex A-3, based on their respective reviews of pertinent sections of the related mortgage loan documents and other loan information.
Other Review Procedures. Prior to securitization, Wells Fargo Bank confirmed with the related servicers for the Wells Fargo Bank Mortgage Loans that, to the best of such servicers’ knowledge and except as previously identified, material events concerning the related Mortgage Loan, the Mortgaged Property and the borrower and guarantor had not occurred since origination, including, but not limited to, (i) loan modifications or assumptions, or releases of the related borrower or Mortgaged Property; (ii) damage to the Mortgaged Property that materially and adversely affects its value as security for the Mortgage Loan; (iii) pending condemnation actions; (iv) litigation, regulatory or other proceedings against the Mortgaged Property, borrower or guarantor, or notice of non-compliance with environmental laws; (v) bankruptcies involving any borrower or guarantor, or any tenant occupying a single tenant property; and (vi) any existing or incipient material defaults.
The Wells Fargo Bank Deal Team also consulted with Wells Fargo Bank personnel responsible for the origination of the Wells Fargo Bank Mortgage Loans to confirm that the Wells Fargo Bank Mortgage Loans were originated in compliance with the origination and underwriting criteria described above under “—Wells Fargo Bank’s Commercial Mortgage Loan Underwriting,” as well as to identify any material deviations from those origination and underwriting criteria. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Exceptions to Underwriting Guidelines” in this prospectus.
Findings and Conclusions. Wells Fargo Bank found and concluded with reasonable assurance that the disclosure regarding the Wells Fargo Bank Mortgage Loans in this prospectus is accurate in all material respects. Wells Fargo Bank also found and concluded with reasonable assurance that the Wells Fargo Bank Mortgage Loans were originated in
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accordance with Wells Fargo Bank’s origination procedures and underwriting criteria, except as described above under “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Exceptions to Underwriting Guidelines”.
Review Procedures in the Event of a Mortgage Loan Substitution. Wells Fargo Bank will perform a review of any Wells Fargo Bank Mortgage Loan that it elects to substitute for a Wells Fargo Bank Mortgage Loan in the pool in connection with a material breach of a representation or warranty or a material document defect. Wells Fargo Bank, and if appropriate its legal counsel, will review the mortgage loan documents and servicing history of the substitute mortgage loan to confirm it meets each of the criteria required under the terms of the related mortgage loan purchase agreement and the related pooling and servicing agreement (the “Qualification Criteria”). Wells Fargo Bank may engage a third party accounting firm to compare the Qualification Criteria against the underlying source documentation to verify the accuracy of the review by Wells Fargo Bank and to confirm any numerical and/or statistical information to be disclosed in any required filings under the Exchange Act. Legal counsel will also be engaged by Wells Fargo Bank to render any tax opinion required in connection with the substitution.
Compliance with Rule 15Ga-1 under the Exchange Act
The transaction documents for certain prior transactions in which Wells Fargo Bank securitized commercial mortgage loans or participation interests (“CRE Loans”) contain covenants requiring the repurchase or replacement of an underlying CRE Loan for the breach of a related representation or warranty under various circumstances if the breach is not cured. The following table provides information regarding the demand, repurchase and replacement activity with respect to the mortgage loans securitized by Wells Fargo Bank (or a predecessor), which activity occurred during the period from April 1, 2013 to March 31, 2016 (the “Rule 15Ga-1 Reporting Period”) or is still outstanding.
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Name of Issuing Entity(1) | Check if Registered | Name of Originator | Total Assets in ABS by Originator(2)(3) | Assets That Were Subject of Demand(3)(4) | Assets That Were Repurchased or Replaced(3)(4)(5) | Assets Pending Repurchase or Replacement (within cure period)(4)(6)(7) | Demand in Dispute(4)(6)(8) | Demand Withdrawn(4)(6)(9) | Demand Rejected(4)(6) | ||||||||||||||
# | $ | % of principal balance | # | $ | % of principal balance | # | $ | % of principal balance | # | $ | % of principal balance | # | $ | % of principal balance | # | $ | % of principal balance | # | $ | % of principal balance | |||
(a) | (b) | (c) | (d) | (e) | (f) | (g) | (h) | (i) | (j) | (k) | (l) | (m) | (n) | (o) | (p) | (q) | (r) | (s) | (t) | (u) | (v) | (w) | (x) |
Asset Class Commercial Mortgages(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Wachovia Commercial Mortgage Securities, Inc., Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates Series 2006-C28 | X | Wachovia Bank, National Association | 113 | 2,502,246,884.83 | 69.60 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
CIK #: 0001376448 | Nomura Credit & Capital, Inc. | 44 | 823,722,922.57 | 22.91 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
Artesia Mortgage Capital Corporation(10) | 50 | 269,226,893.21 | 7.49 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1 | 13,737,368.00 | 0.66 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
Issuing Entity Subtotal | 207 | 3,595,196,700.61 | 100.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1 | 13,737,368.00 | 0.66 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
Wachovia Commercial Mortgage Securities, Inc., Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates Series 2006-C24 | X | Wachovia Bank, National Association | 84 | 1,625,096,687.00 | 81.18 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
CIK #: 0001354736 | Artesia Mortgage Capital Corporation(11) | 26 | 214,877,938.00 | 10.73 | 1 | 36,000,000.00 | 1.80 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association | 13 | 102,674,000.00 | 5.13 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
Nomura Credit & Capital, Inc. | 9 | 59,275,000.00 | 2.96 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
Issuing Entity Subtotal | 119 | 2,001,932,625.00 | 100.00 | 1 | 36,000,000.00 | 1.80 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
Wachovia Commercial Mortgage Securities, Inc., Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates Series 2006-C33 | X | Wachovia Bank, National Association | 88 | 2,043,814,381.00 | 56.74 | 1 | 89,000,000.00 | 2.47 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1 | 87,085,982.00 | 3.75 |
CIK #: 0001406873 | Barclays Capital Real Estate Inc. | 33 | 724,003,952.00 | 20.10 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
Nomura Credit & Capital, Inc. | 17 | 639,286,752.00 | 17.75 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
Artesia Mortgage Capital Corporation | 28 | 195,018,502.00 | 5.41 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
Issuing Entity Subtotal | 166 | 3,602,123,586.00 | 100.00 | 1 | 89,000,000.00 | 2.47 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1 | 87,085,982.00 | 3.75 | ||
Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Securities, Inc., Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2015-NXS2 | X | Natixis Real Estate Capital LLC(12) | 39 | 503,900,454.00 | 55.1 | 1 | 23,000,000.00 | 2.52 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1 | 23,000,000.00 | 2.52 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
CIK #: 0001643873 | Wells Fargo Bank, National Association | 14 | 293,066,224.00 | 32.1 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
Silverpeak Real Estate Finance LLC | 10 | 117,394,863.00 | 12.8 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
Issuing Entity Subtotal | 63 | 914,361,541.00 | 100.00 | 1 | 23,000,000.00 | 2.52 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1 | 23,000,000.00 | 2.52 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
Commercial Mortgages Asset Class Total | 555 | 10,113,605,452.61 | 3 | 148,000,000.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 23,000,000.00 | 1 | 13,737,368.00 | 1 | 87,085,982.00 |
(1) | In connection with the preparation of this table, Wells Fargo Bank undertook the following steps to gather the information required by Rule 15Ga-1 (“Rule 15Ga-1”) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”): (i) identifying all asset-backed securities transactions in which Wells Fargo Bank (or a predecessor) acted as a securitizer, (ii) performing a diligent search of the records of Wells Fargo Bank and the records of affiliates of Wells Fargo Bank that acted as securitizers in transactions of commercial mortgage loans for all relevant information, (iii) reviewing appropriate documentation from all relevant transactions to determine the parties responsible for enforcing representations and warranties, and any other parties who might have received repurchase requests (such parties, “Demand Entities”), and (iv) making written request of each Demand Entity to provide any information in its possession regarding requests or demands to repurchase any loans for breach of a representation or warranty with respect to any relevant transaction. In this effort, Wells Fargo Bank made written requests of all trustees and unaffiliated co-sponsors of applicable commercial mortgage-backed securities transactions. Wells Fargo Bank followed up written requests made of Demand Entities as it deemed appropriate. |
The repurchase activity reported herein is described in terms of a particular loan’s status as of the last day of the Rule 15Ga-1 Reporting Period. (For columns j-x) |
(2) | “Originator” generally refers to the party identified in securities offering materials at the time of issuance for purposes of meeting applicable SEC disclosure requirements. (For columns d-f) |
(3) | Reflects the number of loans, outstanding principal balance and percentage of principal balance as of the date of the closing of the related securitization. (For columns d–l) |
(4) | Includes only new demands received during the Rule 15Ga-1 Reporting Period. (For columns g-i) |
In the event demands were received prior to the Rule 15Ga-1 Reporting Period, but activity occurred with respect to one or more loans during the Rule 15Ga-1 Reporting Period, such activity is being reported as assets pending repurchase or replacement within the cure period (columns m/n/o) or as demands in dispute (columns p/q/r), as applicable, until the earlier of the reporting of (i) the repurchase or replacement of such asset (columns j/k/l), (ii) the withdrawal of such demand (columns s/t/u), or (iii) the rejection of such demand (columns v/w/x), as applicable. |
(5) | Includes assets for which a reimbursement payment is in process and where the asset has been otherwise liquidated by or on behalf of the issuing entity at the time of initiation of such reimbursement process. Where an underlying asset has paid off or otherwise been liquidated by or on behalf of the issuing entity (other than via a repurchase by the obligated party) during the Rule 15Ga-1 Reporting Period, the corresponding principal balance utilized in calculating columns (g) through (x) will be zero. (For columns j-l) |
(6) | Reflects the number of loans, outstanding principal balance and percentage of principal balance as of the last day of the Rule 15Ga-1 Reporting Period. (For columns m-x) |
(7) | Includes assets that are subject to a demand and within the cure period. (For columns m-o) |
(8) | Includes assets pending repurchase or replacement outside of the cure period. (For columns p-r) |
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(9) | Includes assets for which a reimbursement payment is in process, and where the asset has not been repurchased or replaced and remains in the transaction. Also includes assets for which the requesting party rescinds or retracts the demand in writing. (For columns s-u) |
(10) | U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee for Registered Holders of Wachovia Bank Commercial Mortgage Trust, Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2006-C28 (“U.S. Bank”) v. Dexia Real Estate Capital Markets (“Dexia”), Case No. 12 Civ 9412, filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. U.S. Bank filed its complaint against Dexia (on December 27, 2012) arguing that Dexia had breached the terms of the related mortgage loan purchase agreement in light of the determination in a Minnesota enforcement action against the guarantors of Loan #58 Marketplace Retail and Office Center (“Loan #58”) that the form of the guaranty sold to U.S. Bank pursuant to the mortgage loan purchase agreement had not been signed by the guarantors. U.S. Bank, in its complaint, seeks a judgment requiring Dexia to repurchase Loan #58 for approximately $16.5 million. Dexia filed a Notice of Motion to Dismiss and a Memorandum in Support of its Motion to Dismiss on January 25, 2013. Judge Shira A. Scheindlin entered an order denying Dexia’s motion on June 6, 2013. After completion of discovery, U.S. Bank and Dexia filed cross-motions for summary judgment, and on July 9, 2014 Judge Scheindlin entered an Opinion and Order granting the summary judgment motion of U.S. Bank and denying the summary judgment motion of Dexia. On September 12, 2014, the Court entered its judgment directing that Dexia repurchase Loan #58 for $19,627,961.66. On March 16, 2016, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit reversed, and ordered that judgment be entered in Dexia’s favor. On April 11, 2016, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York entered judgment for Dexia and against U.S. Bank on U.S. Bank’s claims in the case. This demand has been classified as “withdrawn” as a result of the judgment being entered for Dexia. U.S. Bank has 90 days to file petition for certification with the U.S. Supreme Court. |
(11) | U.S. Bank, as successor-in-interest to Bank of America, National Association, as successor by merger to LaSalle Bank National Association, as Trustee for Registered Holders of Wachovia Bank Commercial Mortgage Trust, Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2006-C24 ( “C24 Lender”, made demand on Dexia, by letter dated April 3, 2013 (the “Demand Letter”) for repurchase of Loan #12 made to Metroplaza Hotel, LLC (the “Loan #12”. In the Demand Letter, C24 Lender claimed that Dexia breached the representations and warranties made in the mortgage loan purchase agreement for Dexia’s failure to record a UCC financing statement against Inn at Woodbridge Inc. (“Woodbridge”), the tenant under a master lease and holder of a leasehold estate in a portion of the mortgaged property that secures Loan #12. C24 Lender claims that such failure to record a UCC financing statement against Woodbridge has resulted in C24 Lender not having a perfected security interest and enforceable lien in the personalty owned by Woodbridge and pledged as collateral for Loan #12. Dexia responded to the Demand Letter on July 2, 2013 and rejected the repurchase demand. Dexia believes the demand was untimely, having been made beyond New York’s six-year statute of limitations for such claims. Dexia has received no further communication from U.S. Bank. |
(12) | Rialto Capital Advisors, LLC, as special servicer for Loan #8 88 Hamilton Avenue (in such capacity, the “NXS2 Special Servicer”), claimed in a letter dated March 16, 2016, that NREC breached the representations and warranties made in the related mortgage loan purchase agreement due to the existence of a prior $4,000,000 mortgage on the related mortgaged property. On March 31, 2016, NREC rejected the claim for breach of representation or warranty and noted that a title insurance policy was obtained from Chicago Title Insurance Company, which insures the first lien status of such loan. The NXS2 Special Servicer is continuing to pursue its repurchase demand. |
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The information for Wells Fargo Bank as a securitizer of CRE Loans required to be set forth in a Form ABS-15G for the quarterly reporting period from January 1, 2016 through March 31, 2016 was set forth in (i) a Form ABS-15G filed by Wells Fargo Bank with the SEC on May 13, 2016, if such information relates to asset-backed securities in the CRE Loan asset class in which Wells Fargo Bank (or a predecessor) was a sponsor but Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Securities, Inc. (or a predecessor) was not the depositor, and (ii) a Form ABS-15G filed by Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Securities, Inc. with the SEC on May 13, 2016, if such information relates to asset-backed securities in the CRE Loan asset class in which Wells Fargo Bank (or a predecessor) was a sponsor and Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Securities, Inc. (or a predecessor) was the depositor. Such Forms ABS-15G are available electronically through the SEC’s EDGAR system. The Central Index Key number of Wells Fargo Bank is 0000740906. The Central Index Key number of Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Securities, Inc. is 0000850779.
Retained Interests in This Securitization
Neither Wells Fargo Bank nor any of its affiliates intends to retain any certificates issued by the issuing entity or any other economic interest in this securitization, except that Wells Fargo Bank will retain $17,137,047 Certificate Balance of the RRI Interest. However, Wells Fargo Bank or its affiliates may retain or own in the future certain classes of certificates. Any such party will have the right to dispose of any such certificates (other than the RRI Interest) at any time. Wells Fargo Bank will be required to retain the RRI Interest for the life of the transaction in compliance with the EU Retention Requirements. See “EU Securitization Risk Retention Requirements”.
The information set forth under “—Wells Fargo Bank, National Association” has been provided by Wells Fargo Bank.
Bank of America, National Association
Bank of America, National Association (“Bank of America”), a national banking association, is a subsidiary of Bank of America Corporation.
Bank of America is engaged in a general consumer banking and commercial banking business. Bank of America is a national banking association chartered by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (the “OCC”) and is subject to the regulation, supervision and examination of the OCC.
Bank of America and its affiliates have been active in the securitization market since inception and have sponsored publicly and privately offered securitization transactions since 1977. Bank of America and its affiliates have been involved with the origination and securitization of residential and commercial mortgage loans and its affiliates have been involved with the origination of auto loans, student loans, home equity loans and credit card receivables, as well as less traditional asset classes. Bank of America and its affiliates have served as sponsors, issuers, dealers, and servicers in a wide array of securitization transactions.
The tables below indicate the size and history of the commercial mortgage loan origination program for Bank of America and its affiliates. Loans originated by Bank of America and its affiliates have historically included primarily a mix of multifamily, office, retail, hotel and industrial and warehouse properties, though Bank of America and its affiliates have also regularly originated loans on a variety of other commercial property
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types, including but not limited to self storage facilities, manufactured housing communities, parking garage facilities and golf courses.
Origination Volume
(Dollar Amount of Closed Loans)
Property | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | As of | ||||||
Multifamily | $ 9,700,000 | $ 8,050,000 | $ 411,310,000 | $ 518,929,738 | $ 1,104,590,000 | $ 11,200,000 | ||||||
Office | 295,300,000 | 854,800,000 | 1,122,060,000 | 1,864,674,000 | 1,863,491,000 | 141,600,000 | ||||||
Retail | 861,406,000 | 2,521,663,000 | 1,613,066,013 | 1,726,602,172 | 1,254,393,252 | 52,450,000 | ||||||
Industrial | 270,870,000 | 110,780,000 | 46,200,000 | 31,185,000 | 1,342,375,000 | 0 | ||||||
Manufactured Housing | 65,835,000 | 150,225,000 | 365,593,000 | 87,111,250 | 116,618,625 | 8,250,000 | ||||||
Self Storage | 132,535,000 | 173,810,000 | 140,247,500 | 93,095,000 | 546,593,750 | 35,125,000 | ||||||
Lodging | 581,550,000 | 1,180,501,000 | 2,205,861,250 | 2,631,502,433 | 2,241,228,600 | 0 | ||||||
Mixed Use | 10,000,000 | 0 | 79,242,199 | 144,100,000 | 147,725,000 | 0 | ||||||
Other | 0 | 0 | 0 | 69,930,000 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Total | $2,227,196,000 | $4,999,829,000 | $6,287,108,854 | $7,167,129,593 | $8,617,015,227 | $248,625,000 |
Bank of America is a sponsor and mortgage loan seller in this transaction. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, one of the underwriters, is an affiliate of Bank of America and assisted Bank of America in connection with the selection of mortgage loans for this transaction.
Bank of America’s headquarters and its executive offices are located at 100 North Tryon Street, Charlotte, North Carolina 28255, and the telephone number is (980) 386-8154.
See below for more information about the Bank of America’s solicitation and underwriting standards used to originate mortgage loans similar to the mortgage loans included in the issuing entity and Bank of America’s material roles and duties in each securitization.
Bank of America’s Commercial Mortgage Loan Underwriting Standards
Overview.
Bank of America’s commercial mortgage loans are originated in accordance with the procedures and underwriting standards described below. The loans are primarily originated (i) directly by Bank of America or through affiliates to mortgagor/borrowers; (ii) indirectly through mortgage loan brokers to mortgagor/borrowers; and (iii) through other loan originators. The remainder of the discussion of Bank of America’s loan underwriting practices under this “—Bank of America’s Commercial Mortgage Loan Underwriting Standards” describes the practices of Bank of America and any affiliate of Bank of America with respect to the origination of loans to be sold by Bank of America in this transaction. However, variations from these procedures and standards may be implemented as a result of various conditions, including a mortgage loan’s specific terms, the quality or location of the underlying real estate, the mortgaged property’s tenancy profile, the background or financial strength of the borrower or sponsor and any other pertinent information deemed material by Bank of America. Therefore, this general description of Bank of America’s origination procedures and underwriting standards is not intended as a representation that every commercial mortgage loan originated by it or on its behalf complies entirely with all standards set forth below. For important information about the circumstances that have affected the underwriting of Bank of America mortgage loans, see “—Exceptions to Underwriting Standards” below and Annex D-2.
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Process. Each mortgage loan underwritten to Bank of America’s general underwriting standards is underwritten in accordance with guidelines established by Bank of America’s real estate structured finance group (“Bank of America Guidelines”). These underwriting standards applied by Bank of America are intended to evaluate the adequacy of the mortgaged property as collateral for the loan and the mortgagor’s repayment ability and creditworthiness. The underwriting standards as established in the Bank of America Guidelines are continually updated to reflect prevailing conditions in the CMBS market, new mortgage products, and the investment market for commercial loans.
The Application. Regardless of the channel in which the loan was originated, a mortgage application or term sheet is completed by the borrower/mortgagor containing information that assists in evaluating the adequacy of the mortgaged property as collateral for the loan, including the mortgagor’s credit standing and capacity to repay the loan.
Further, the mortgage application requires supporting documentation (or other verification) for all material data provided by the mortgagor described in a checklist, including but not limited to the following:
· | rent roll; |
· | existing mortgage verification; |
· | credit references; |
· | certified financial statements for mortgagor and borrower principals; |
· | tenant/resident leases; |
· | ground leases; |
· | property operating statements; |
· | real estate tax bills; |
· | purchase contract (if applicable); |
· | appraisal; |
· | engineering report; |
· | seismic report (if applicable); |
· | environmental report; |
· | site plan; |
· | certificate of occupancy; |
· | evidence of zoning compliance; |
· | insurance policies; |
· | borrower structure/authority documents; and |
· | underwriting evaluation. |
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In some cases, certain of these documents may not be reviewed due to the nature of the related mortgaged property. For instance, historical operating statements may not be available with respect to a mortgaged property with a limited operating history or that has been recently acquired by its current owner. In addition, rent rolls would not be examined for certain property types (e.g., hospitality properties), and tenant leases would not be examined for certain property types (e.g., hospitality, self storage, multifamily and manufactured housing community properties).
The credit underwriting process for each Bank of America mortgage loan is performed by Bank of America’s real estate structured finance group which is a vertically integrated entity, staffed by real estate professionals, and includes loan underwriting, origination and closing groups. Bank of America’s review team may also include third parties (for example, Situs Holdings, LLC) which are subject to oversight by Bank of America and ultimate review and approval by Bank of America of such third parties’ work product.
A member of the Bank of America deal team or one of its agents performs a site inspection of the mortgaged property as well as a review of the surrounding market environment (including demand generators, competing properties (if any) and proximity to major thoroughfares and transportation centers) in order to confirm tenancy information, assess the physical quality and attributes (e.g., age, renovations, condition, parking, amenities, class, etc.) of the collateral, determine visibility and access characteristics and evaluate the mortgaged property’s competitiveness within its market.
The Bank of America deal team or one of its agents also performs a detailed review of the financial status, credit history and background of the borrower and certain principals or sponsors of the borrower using financial statements, income tax returns, credit reports, criminal and background review and searches in select jurisdictions for judgments, liens, bankruptcy, pending litigation and, if applicable, the loan payment history of the borrower. Bank of America also performs a qualitative analysis which incorporates independent credit checks and review of published debt and equity information with respect to certain principals of the borrower as well as the borrower itself. Borrowers are generally required to be single-purpose entities although they are not always required to be bankruptcy-remote entities. Circumstances may also warrant an examination of the financial strength and credit of key tenants as well as other factors that may impact the tenants’ ongoing occupancy or ability to pay rent.
The collateral analysis includes an analysis of the historical property operating statements, rent rolls and a projection of future performance and a review of tenant leases. Bank of America requires third party appraisals, as well as environmental and building condition reports. Each report is reviewed for acceptability by a Bank of America staff member (or, with respect to environmental reports, a third party consultant) for compliance with program standards. Based on their review (or, with respect to environmental reports, a third party consultant’s report), such staff member approves or rejects such report. The results of these reviews are incorporated into the underwriting report.
After the compilation and review of all documentation and other relevant considerations, the deal team finalizes its detailed underwriting analysis of the mortgaged property’s cash flow in accordance with Bank of America’s property-specific, cash flow underwriting guidelines.
Determinations are also made regarding the implementation of appropriate loan terms to structure around risks, resulting in features such as ongoing escrows or up-front reserves, letters of credit, lockboxes, cash management agreements and guarantees. A
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complete credit committee package is prepared to summarize all of the above referenced information.
Credit Approval. All commercial mortgage loans must be presented to one or more credit committees that include senior real estate professionals, among others. After a review of the credit committee package and a discussion of a mortgage loan, the committee may approve the mortgage loan as recommended, request additional due diligence, modify the terms or reject the mortgage loan entirely.
Debt Service Coverage and Loan-to-Value Requirements. Bank of America’s underwriting standards generally require a minimum debt service coverage ratio of 1.20x and permit a maximum loan-to-value ratio of 80%; however, these thresholds are guidelines, and exceptions are permitted based on the merits of each individual mortgage loan, such as the types of tenants, reserves, letters of credit, guarantees and Bank of America’s assessment of the mortgaged property’s future performance. The debt service coverage ratio guidelines set forth above are calculated based on underwritten net cash flow at origination. As a result, the debt service coverage ratio for each mortgage loan as reported in this prospectus and Annex A-1 hereto may differ from the amount calculated at the time of origination.
Certain mortgaged properties may also be encumbered by subordinate debt (or the direct or indirect ownership interests in the related borrower may be encumbered by mezzanine debt). It is possible that Bank of America or an affiliate thereof will be a lender on such additional debt and may either sell such debt to an unaffiliated third party or hold it in inventory. When such subordinate or mezzanine debt is taken into account, the aggregate debt with respect to the related mortgaged property may not conform to the aforementioned debt service coverage ratio and loan-to-value ratio parameters.
Amortization Requirements. Bank of America’s underwriting guidelines generally permit a maximum amortization period of thirty (30) years. Certain mortgage loans may provide for interest-only payments through maturity or for a portion of the commercial mortgage loan term. If a mortgage loan entails only a partial interest-only period, the monthly debt service, annual debt service and DSCR set forth in this prospectus and Annex A-1 reflect a calculation of the future (larger) amortizing loan payment. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool”.
Escrow Requirements. Bank of America generally requires borrowers to fund various escrows for taxes and insurance, capital expenses and replacement reserves. Generally, the required escrows for mortgage loans originated by Bank of America are as follows:
· | Taxes. An initial deposit and monthly escrow deposits equal to one-twelfth (1/12th) of the annual property taxes (based on the most recent property assessment and the current millage rate; however, if the actual tax amount owing in the upcoming year is not available, the required annual reserve amount will generally be between 100% and 105% of the preceding year’s tax amount) are typically required to satisfy taxes and assessments, except that such escrows may not be required in certain circumstances, including, but not limited to, situations where (i) the sponsor is an institutional sponsor or a high net worth individual or (ii) the related mortgaged property is a single tenant property with respect to which the related tenant is required to pay taxes directly. |
· | Insurance. An initial deposit at origination (which may be equal to one or more months of the required monthly amount) and subsequent monthly escrow deposits equal to one-twelfth (1/12th) of an amount generally between 100%and 105% of |
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the annual property insurance premium are typically required to pay insurance premiums, except that such escrows may not be required in certain circumstances, including, but not limited to, situations where (i) the related borrower maintains a blanket insurance policy, (ii) the sponsor is an institutional sponsor or a high net worth individual or (iii) the related mortgaged property is a single tenant property with respect to which the related tenant self-insures.
· | Replacement Reserves. Replacement reserves are generally calculated in accordance with the expected useful life of the components of the mortgaged property during the term of the mortgage loan. |
· | Deferred Maintenance/Immediate Repair/Environmental Remediation. A deferred maintenance, immediate repair or remediation reserve is required. An initial deposit, upon funding of the applicable mortgage loan, in an amount equal to generally between 100% and 125% of the estimated costs of such deferred maintenance, immediate repairs and/or environmental remediation to be completed within the first (1st) year of the mortgage loan pursuant to the building condition report is required, except that such escrows may not be required in certain circumstances, including, but not limited to, situations where (i) the sponsor of the borrower delivers a guarantee to complete the immediate repairs in a specified amount of time, (ii) the deferred maintenance amount does not materially impact the related mortgaged property’s function, performance or value or is de minimis in relation to the loan amount or (iii) the related mortgaged property is a single tenant property and the tenant is responsible for the repairs. |
· | Tenant Improvements and Leasing Commissions. In some cases, major tenants have lease expirations within the mortgage loan term. To mitigate this risk, special reserves may be required to be funded either at closing of the mortgage loan and/or during the mortgage loan term to cover certain anticipated leasing commissions or tenant improvement costs which might be associated with re-leasing the space occupied by such tenants. |
· | Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment. A reserve for furniture, fixtures and equipment expenses may be required to be funded during the term of the mortgage loan based on the suggested reserve amount from an independent, third-party property condition or engineering report, or based on certain minimum requirements depending on the property type. |
· | Environmental Remediation. An environmental remediation reserve may be required to be funded at loan origination in an amount generally between 100% and 150% of the estimated remediation cost identified in the environmental report, except that such escrows may not be required in certain circumstances, including, but not limited to, situations where (i) the sponsor of the borrower delivers a guarantee whereby it agrees to take responsibility and pay for identified environmental issues, (ii) environmental insurance has been obtained or already in place or (iii) a third party having adequate financial resources has been identified as a responsible party. |
For a description of the escrows collected with respect to the Bank of America mortgage loans, please see Annex A-1.
Zoning and Building Code Compliance. Bank of America will generally examine whether the use and operation of the mortgaged properties are in material compliance with zoning and land-use related ordinances, rules, regulations and orders applicable to the use of such
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mortgaged properties at the time such mortgage loans are originated. Bank of America will consider, among other things, legal opinions, certifications from government officials, zoning consultant’s reports and/or representations by the related borrower contained in the related mortgage loan documents and information which is contained in appraisals and surveys, title insurance endorsements, or property condition assessments undertaken by independent licensed engineers.
Hazard, Liability and Other Insurance. The mortgage loans generally require that each mortgaged property be insured by a hazard insurance policy in an amount (subject to an approved deductible) at least equal to the lesser of the outstanding principal balance of the related mortgage loan and 100% of the replacement cost of the improvements located on the related mortgaged property, and if applicable, that the related hazard insurance policy contain appropriate endorsements to avoid the application of co-insurance and not permit reduction in insurance proceeds for depreciation; provided that, in the case of certain of the mortgage loans, the hazard insurance may be in such other amounts as was required by the related originators.
In addition, if any material improvements on any portion of a mortgaged property securing any mortgage loan was, at the time of the origination of such mortgage loan, in an area identified in the Federal Register by the Federal Emergency Management Agency as having special flood hazards, and flood insurance was available, a flood insurance policy meeting any requirements of the then-current guidelines of the Federal Insurance Administration is required to be in effect with a generally acceptable insurance carrier, in an amount representing coverage generally not less than the least of (a) the outstanding principal balance of the related mortgage loan, (b) the full insurable value of the related mortgaged property, (c) the maximum amount of insurance available under the National Flood Insurance Act of 1973, or (d) 100% of the replacement cost of the improvements located on the related mortgaged property.
In general, the standard form of hazard insurance policy covers physical damage to, or destruction of, the improvements on the mortgaged property by fire, lightning, explosion, smoke, windstorm and hail, riot or strike and civil commotion, subject to the conditions and exclusions set forth in each policy.
Each mortgage loan generally also requires the related borrower to maintain comprehensive general liability insurance against claims for personal and bodily injury, death or property damage occurring on, in or about the related mortgaged property in an amount generally equal to at least $1,000,000.
Each mortgage loan generally further requires the related borrower to maintain business interruption insurance in an amount not less than approximately 100% of the gross rental income from the related mortgaged property for not less than twelve (12) months.
Third Party Reports. In addition to or as part of applicable origination guidelines or reviews described above, in the course of originating the Bank of America mortgage loans, Bank of America generally considered the results of third party reports as described below. New reports are generally ordered, although existing reports dated no more than 180 days prior to closing may be used (subject, in certain cases, to updates).
· | Appraisal. For each mortgage loan, Bank of America obtains an appraisal that utilizes one (1) of three (3) approaches to valuation: a cost approach, a sales comparison approach or an income approach (including both direct cap and discount cash flow methods). An independent appraiser that is either a member of MAI or state certified is required to perform an appraisal (or update an existing |
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appraisal) of each of the related mortgaged properties in connection with the origination of each mortgage loan to establish the appraised value of the related mortgaged property or properties. Each appraisal also includes (or Bank of America obtains a separate letter that includes) a statement by the appraiser that the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (except for certain mortgaged properties involving operating businesses) and the guidelines in Title XI of the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, were followed in preparing the appraisal.
· | Environmental Site Assessments. Bank of America generally obtains a Phase I environmental site assessment or an update of a previously obtained site assessment for each mortgaged property prepared by an environmental firm. Bank of America requires a Phase I environmental site assessment for all properties regardless of age or location and each such report must be in compliance with current standards prescribed by The American Society of Testing and Materials. A Phase I environmental site assessment consists of inquiries, interviews, inspections, and research of public records to identify known or potential environmental concerns. Bank of America or its designated agent typically reviews the Phase I site assessment to verify the presence or absence of potential adverse environmental conditions. An environmental site assessment will not necessarily cover all potential environmental issues. For example, an analysis for radon, lead-based paint, mold and lead in drinking water will usually be conducted only at multifamily rental properties and only when Bank of America or the environmental consultant believes that such an analysis is warranted under the circumstances. Upon the recommendation of the environmental consultant conducting the Phase I environmental site assessment with respect to a mortgaged property, a Phase II assessment (which is a is a site specific investigation to determine the presence or absence of specified environmental concerns) is performed. |
· | Property Condition Assessments. Bank of America generally obtains a current physical condition report for each mortgaged property (other than in the case of mortgaged properties secured solely by an interest in land) prepared by independent licensed engineers to assess the overall physical condition and engineering integrity of the mortgaged property, including an inspection of the exterior walls, roofing, interior construction, mechanical and electrical systems and general condition of the site, buildings and other improvements located at a mortgaged property. The resulting reports may indicate deferred maintenance items and recommended capital improvements. The estimated cost of the necessary repairs or replacements at a mortgaged property is included in the related property condition assessment. In cases in which the report identifies an immediate need for material repairs or replacements with an anticipated cost that is over a certain minimum threshold or percentage of loan balance, Bank of America often requires an escrow at the time of origination in an amount sufficient to complete such repairs or replacements or obtains a guarantee from a sponsor of the borrower in lieu of reserves. See “—Escrow Requirements” above. In addition, various mortgage loans require monthly deposits into cash reserve accounts to fund property maintenance expenses. |
· | Seismic. Bank of America generally obtains a seismic report for all mortgaged properties located in seismic zones 3 or 4 (as determined in accordance with the Uniform Building Code) to assess the estimated damage that may result from a seismic event that has a 10% chance of exceedance in a 50-year exposure period |
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or a 475-year return period. Such reports utilize the ASTM Standard E2026-07 and E2557-07 definitions for Scenario Expected Loss. |
Servicing. Bank of America currently services or contracts with third party servicers (for example, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association) for servicing the mortgage loans that it originates or acquires. Such interim servicers are assessed based upon the credit quality of the servicing institution and may be reviewed for their systems and reporting capabilities, collection procedures and ability to provide loan-level data. In addition, Bank of America may conduct background checks, meet with senior management to determine whether the servicer complies with industry standards or otherwise monitor the servicer on an ongoing basis.
Exceptions to Underwriting Standards. One or more of the mortgage loans originated by Bank of America may vary from the specific Bank of America underwriting guidelines described above when additional credit positive characteristics are present as discussed above. In addition, in the case of one or more of the mortgage loans originated by Bank of America, Bank of America may not have applied each of the specific underwriting guidelines described above as the result of case-by-case permitted flexibility based upon other compensating factors. None of the Bank of America mortgage loans was originated (or, with respect to the Mortgage Loans secured by the Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as The Shops at Crystals, FedEx – Atlanta, GA, FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL, FedEx – Fife, WA and FedEx – Boulder, CO, representing approximately 9.2%, 1.6%, 1.4%, 2.3% and 1.1%, respectively, of the Initial Pool Balance, originated in conjunction with one or more third parties) with any material exceptions to Bank of America’s underwriting guidelines described above.
Review of Bank of America Mortgage Loans
General. In connection with the preparation of this prospectus, Bank of America conducted a review of the mortgage loans that it is selling to the depositor designed and effected to provide reasonable assurance that the disclosure related to the Bank of America mortgage loans is accurate in all material respects. Bank of America determined the nature, extent and timing of the review and the level of assistance provided by any third party. The review was conducted by a deal team comprised of real estate and securitization professionals and third parties. Bank of America has ultimate authority and control over, and assumes all responsibility for and attributes to itself, the review and the findings and conclusions of the review of the mortgage loans that it is selling to the depositor. The procedures described below were employed with respect to all of the Bank of America mortgage loans, except that certain procedures were only relevant to the large loan disclosures in this prospectus, as further described below. No sampling procedures were used in the review process.
Database. Bank of America created a database (the “Bank of America Securitization Database”) of information obtained in connection with the origination of the Bank of America mortgage loans, including:
· | certain information from the related mortgage loan documents; |
· | certain borrower-provided information, including certain rent rolls, certain operating statements and certain leases relating to certain mortgaged properties; |
· | insurance information for the related mortgaged properties; |
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· | information from third party reports such as the appraisals, environmental and property condition reports; |
· | credit and background searches with respect to the related borrowers; and |
· | certain other information and search results obtained by Bank of America for each of the Bank of America mortgage loans during the underwriting process. |
Bank of America may have included in the Bank of America Securitization Database certain updates to such information received by Bank of America after origination, such as information from the interim servicer regarding loan payment status, current escrows, updated operating statements and rent rolls and certain other information otherwise brought to the attention of the Bank of America securitization team. Such updates were not intended to be, and do not serve as, a re-underwriting of any mortgage loan.
Bank of America created a data file (the “Bank of America Data File”) using the information in the Bank of America Securitization Database and provided that file to the depositor for use in compiling the numerical information regarding the Bank of America mortgage loans in this prospectus (particularly in Annexes A-1, A-2 and A-3).
Data Comparisons and Recalculation. The depositor, on behalf of Bank of America, engaged a third party accounting firm to perform certain data comparison and recalculation procedures, which were designed by Bank of America relating to Bank of America mortgage loan information in this prospectus. These procedures included:
· | comparing the information in the Bank of America Data File against various source documents provided by Bank of America; |
· | comparing numerical information regarding the Bank of America mortgage loans and the related mortgaged properties disclosed in this prospectus against the information contained in the Bank of America Data File; and |
· | recalculating certain percentages, ratios and other formulas relating to the Bank of America mortgage loans disclosed in this prospectus. |
Legal Review. For each Bank of America mortgage loan, Bank of America reviewed a legal loan and property information summary prepared by origination counsel, which summary includes important loan terms and certain property-level information obtained during the origination process. Bank of America also provided to each origination counsel a standardized set of representations and warranties similar to those attached as Annex D-1 and requested that origination counsel identify potential exceptions to such standard representations and warranties. Bank of America compiled and reviewed the potential exceptions received from origination counsel, engaged separate counsel to review the exceptions against the actual representations and warranties attached as Annex D-1, revised the exceptions and provided them to the depositor for inclusion in Annex D-2.
For Bank of America mortgage loans purchased by Bank of America or one of its affiliates, if any, from a third party originator, Bank of America reviewed the related purchase agreement, the representations and warranties made by the originator contained therein (together with the exceptions thereto) and certain provisions of the related loan documents and third party reports concerning the related mortgaged property that were provided by the originator of such mortgage loan. With respect to each such Bank of America mortgage loan, Bank of America and its counsel prepared exceptions to the representations and warranties attached as Annex D-1 and provided them to the depositor for inclusion in Annex D-2.
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In addition, with respect to each Bank of America mortgage loan, Bank of America reviewed, and in certain cases, requested that its counsel review, certain loan document provisions in connection with the disclosure of such provisions in this prospectus, such as property release provisions and other provisions specifically disclosed in this prospectus.
Certain Updates. Bank of America requested that each borrower under a Bank of America mortgage loan (or such borrower’s origination or litigation counsel, as applicable) provide updates on any significant pending litigation that existed at origination. In addition, if Bank of America became aware of a significant natural disaster in the vicinity of a mortgaged property securing a Bank of America mortgage loan, Bank of America requested information on the property status from the related borrower in order to confirm whether any material damage to the mortgaged property had occurred.
Large Loan Summaries. Bank of America prepared, and reviewed with origination counsel and securitization counsel, the loan summaries for those of the Bank of America mortgage loans included in the ten (10) largest mortgage loans or groups of cross-collateralized mortgage loans in the mortgage pool and the abbreviated loan summaries for those of the Bank of America mortgage loans included in the next five (5) largest mortgage loans or groups of cross-collateralized mortgage loans in the mortgage pool, which loan summaries and abbreviated loan summaries are incorporated in Annex A-3.
Underwriting Standards. Bank of America also consulted with origination counsel to confirm that the Bank of America mortgage loans were originated in compliance with the origination and underwriting standards described above under “—Bank of America’s Commercial Mortgage Loan Underwriting Standards”, as well as to identify any material deviations from those origination and underwriting standards. See “—Bank of America’s Commercial Mortgage Loan Underwriting Standards—Exceptions to Underwriting Standards” above.
Findings and Conclusions. Bank of America found and concluded with reasonable assurance that the disclosure regarding the Bank of America mortgage loans in this prospectus is accurate in all material respects. Bank of America also found and concluded with reasonable assurance that the Bank of America mortgage loans were originated in accordance with Bank of America’s origination procedures and underwriting standards, except to the extent described above under “—Bank of America’s Commercial Mortgage Loan Underwriting Standards—Exceptions to Underwriting Standards”.
Review Procedures in the Event of a Mortgage Loan Substitution. Bank of America will perform a review of any Bank of America mortgage loan that it elects to substitute for a Bank of America mortgage loan in the pool in connection with a material breach of a representation or warranty or a material document defect. Bank of America, and if appropriate its legal counsel, will review the mortgage loan documents and servicing history of the substitute mortgage loan to confirm it meets each of the criteria required under the terms of the related mortgage loan purchase agreement and the related pooling and servicing agreement (the “Qualification Criteria”). Bank of America may engage a third party accounting firm to compare the Qualification Criteria against the underlying source documentation to verify the accuracy of the review by Bank of America and to confirm any numerical and/or statistical information to be disclosed in any required filings under the Exchange Act. Legal counsel will also be engaged by Bank of America to render any tax opinion required in connection with the substitution.
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Repurchases and Replacements
The following table sets forth, for the period commencing April 1, 2013, and ending March 31, 2016, the information required by Rule 15Ga-1 under the Exchange Act concerning all assets securitized by Bank of America that were the subject of a demand to repurchase or replace for breach of the representations and warranties concerning the pool assets for all asset-backed securities held by non-affiliates of Bank of America where the underlying transaction agreements included a covenant to repurchase or replace an underlying asset of the CRE Loan asset class. The information for Bank of America as a securitizer of CRE Loans required to be set forth in a Form ABS-15G for the reporting period from October 1, 2015, through March 31, 2016, was set forth in a Form ABS-15G filed by Bank of America on May 6, 2016. The Central Index Key Number of Bank of America is 0001102113.
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Repurchases and Replacements Asset Class: Commercial Mortgages | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Name of Issuing Entity | Check if Registered | Name of Originator1 | Total Assets in ABS by Originator | Assets That Were Subject of Demand2 | Assets That Were Repurchased or Replaced3 | Assets Pending Repurchase or Replacement (within cure period) | Demand in Dispute4 | Demand Withdrawn5 | Demand Rejected6 | ||||||||||||||
# | $ | % | # | $7 | % | # | $7 | % | # | $7 | % | # | $7 | % | # | $7 | % | # | $7 | % | |||
Banc of America Commercial Mortgage Securities Inc. Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2005-4 (0001338265) | X | Bear Stearns Commercial Mortgage, Inc. | 18 | 23,446,851 | 65.85 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
Banc of America Commercial Mortgage Securities Inc. Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2005-4 (0001338265) | X | Bank of America, N.A. | 55 | 10,496,149 | 29.48 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
Banc of America Commercial Mortgage Securities Inc. Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2005-4 (0001338265) | X | Bridger Commercial Funding LLC | 55 | 1,665,159 | 4.68 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
LaSalle Commercial Mortgage Securities Inc. Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2006-MF48 | Bank of America, N.A. (as successor by merger to LaSalle Bank National Association) | 375 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 375 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | |
Banc of America Commercial Mortgage Securities Inc. Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2007-39 (0001404501) | X | Bank of America, N.A. | 85 | 1,637,371,805 | 76.54 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
Banc of America Commercial Mortgage Securities Inc. Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2007-39 (0001404501) | X | Eurohypo AG, New York Branch | 22 | 341,520,744 | 15.97 | 1 | 4,200,000 | 0.20 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 4,200,000 | 0.20 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
Banc of America Commercial Mortgage Securities Inc. Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2007-39 (0001404501) | X | Bridger Commercial Funding LLC | 16 | 81,753,680 | 3.82 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
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Banc of America Commercial Mortgage Securities Inc. Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2007-39 (0001404501) | X | SunTrust Bank | 25 | 78,470,560 | 3.67 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
Banc of America Commercial Mortgage Securities Inc. Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2007-39 (0001404501) | X | Hypo Real Estate Capital Corporation | 3 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
Citigroup Commercial Mortgage Securities Inc. Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2007-C68 (0001403924) | X | Bank of America, N.A. (as successor by merger to LaSalle Bank National Association) | 118 | 1,506,180,047 | 41.52 | 1 | 8,245,334 | 0.23 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 8,245,334 | 0.23 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
Citigroup Commercial Mortgage Securities Inc. Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2007-C68 (0001403924) | X | Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp. | 119 | 1,348,699,838 | 37.18 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
Citigroup Commercial Mortgage Securities Inc. Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2007-C68 (0001403924) | X | Capmark Finance Inc. | 29 | 467,332,038 | 12.88 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
Citigroup Commercial Mortgage Securities Inc. Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2007-C68 (0001403924) | X | PNC Bank, National Association | 52 | 305,461,777 | 8.42 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
Banc of America Commercial Mortgage Securities Inc. Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2007-59 (0001420805) | X | Bank of America, N.A. | 80 | 1,078,654,112 | 94.68 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
Banc of America Commercial Mortgage Securities Inc. Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2007-59 (0001420805) | X | Bridger Commercial Funding LLC | 20 | 60,663,952 | 5.32 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
Commercial Mortgages Total | 1,072 | 6,941,716,712 | 2 | 12,445,334 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 12,445,334 | 375 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
(1) | The originator is the party identified by Bank of America using the same methodology as Bank of America would use to identify the originator of assets for purposes of complying with Item 1110 of Regulation AB in connection with registered offerings of asset-backed securities in the same asset class. |
(2) | Reflects assets subject to demands to repurchase or replace that were received during the period from April 1, 2013 to March 31, 2016. Activity with respect to demands received during and, if applicable, prior to such period ended March 31, 2016, is reflected elsewhere in this table. If an asset changed status during such period ended March 31, 2016, information regarding the asset will appear in this column and the other applicable column in this table. |
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Bank of America undertook the following steps to gather the information required by Rule 15Ga-1 under the Exchange Act: (i) identifying all asset-backed securities transactions in which we acted as a securitizer that were not the subject of a filing on Form ABS-15G by an affiliated securitizer, (ii) performing a diligent search of our records and the records of affiliates that acted as securitizers in our transactions for all relevant information, (iii) reviewing appropriate documentation from all relevant transactions to determine the parties responsible for enforcing representations and warranties, and any other parties to the transaction who might reasonably be expected to have received repurchase requests (such parties, “Demand Entities”), (iv) making written request of each Demand Entity to provide any information in its possession regarding requests or demands to repurchase any loans for a breach of a representation or warranty with respect to any relevant transaction that was not previously provided to us. We followed up written requests made of Demand Entities as we deemed appropriate. In addition, we requested information from trustees and other Demand Entities as to investor demands that occurred prior to July 22, 2010. It is possible that this disclosure does not contain information about all investor demands upon those parties made prior to July 22, 2010.
(3) | Reflects assets that were repurchased or replaced during the period from April 1, 2013 to March 31, 2016. Where applicable, the demand for repurchase or replacement relating to any asset reported in this column may have been received prior to such period. |
(4) | Includes assets for which any of the following situations apply as of March 31, 2016: |
a. | A related demand to repurchase or replace such asset was received by the representing party but not yet responded to by March 31, 2016; |
b. | The representing party has responded to one or more related demands to repurchase or replace such asset by refuting the allegations supporting the most recent such demand and rejecting the repurchase demand but the party demanding repurchase or replacement of such asset has responded to such rejection and continues to assert the merits of its demand; or |
c. | The representing party and the party demanding repurchase or replacement of such asset acknowledge that the ongoing dispute over the merits of such demand may not be readily resolved. |
Where applicable, the demand for repurchase or replacement relating to any asset reported in this column may have been received prior to the period from April 1, 2013 to March 31, 2016.
(5) | Includes assets for which the party demanding the repurchase or replacement of such asset has agreed to rescind its demand. Where applicable, the demand for repurchase or replacement relating to any asset reported in this column may have been received prior to the period ended March 31, 2016. |
(6) | Reflects assets for which the representing party has responded to one or more related demands to repurchase or replace such asset by refuting the allegations supporting such demand and rejecting the repurchase demand(s) and the party demanding repurchase or replacement of such asset has not responded to the most recent such rejection as of March 31, 2016. |
(7) | An outstanding principal balance shown in this column is calculated (a) for any asset that has not been liquidated, as the remaining outstanding principal balance of the asset at the earlier of the date on which it was repurchased, or replaced, if applicable, and September 30, 2015, or (b) for any asset no longer part of the pool assets at the end of the reporting period, as zero. |
(8) | With respect to this securitization transaction, the information for Bank of America as a securitizer of CRE Loans required to be set forth in a Form ABS-15G for (a) the initial reporting period from January 1, 2009 through December 31, 2011, was set forth in the Form ABS-15G filed by Bank of America on February 14, 2012 (and subsequently amended by filing on August 23, 2012) and (b) for periods thereafter in the quarterly Form ABS-15G filings by Bank of America. The most recent such quarterly filing by Bank of America was on May 6, 2016. The Central Index Key Number of Bank of America is 0001102113. |
(9) | With respect to this securitization transaction, the information for Bank of America as a securitizer of CRE Loans required to be set forth in a Form ABS-15G for (a) the initial reporting period from January 1, 2009 through December 31, 2011, was set forth in the Form ABS-15G filed by Banc of America Merrill Lynch Commercial Mortgage, Inc. (“BAMLCM”) on February 14, 2012 (and subsequently amended by filing on November 8, 2012) and (b) for periods thereafter in the quarterly Form ABS-15G filings by BAMLCM. The most recent such quarterly filing by BAMLCM was on May 6, 2016. The Central Index Key Number of BAMLCM is 0001005007. |
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Retained Interests in This Securitization
Neither Bank of America nor any of its affiliates intends to retain on the Closing Date any certificates issued by the issuing entity or any other economic interest in this securitization, except that Bank of America will retain $15,437,640 Certificate Balance of the RRI Interest. However, Bank of America or its affiliates may own in the future certain classes of certificates. Any such party will have the right to dispose of any such certificates (other than the RRI Interest) at any time. Bank of America will be required to retain the RRI Interest for the life of the transaction in compliance with the EU Retention Requirements. See “EU Securitization Risk Retention Requirements”.
Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC
Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC, a New York limited liability company formed in March 2007 (“MSMCH”), is a sponsor of this transaction and one of the mortgage loan sellers. MSMCH is a successor to Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Inc., a New York corporation formed in 1984, which was merged into MSMCH on June 15, 2007. Since the merger, MSMCH has continued the business of Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Inc. MSMCH is a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Morgan Stanley (NYSE: MS) and its executive offices are located at 1585 Broadway, New York, New York 10036, telephone number (212) 761-4000. MSMCH also has offices in Los Angeles, California, Dallas, Texas and Sterling, Virginia.
Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A., a national banking association (“Morgan Stanley Bank” and, together with MSMCH, the “Morgan Stanley Group”), is the originator of all of the mortgage loans that MSMCH is contributing to this securitization (the “MSMCH Mortgage Loans”), representing approximately 25.2% of the Initial Pool Balance, which MSMCH will acquire on or prior to the Closing Date and contribute to this securitization. Morgan Stanley Bank is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Morgan Stanley (NYSE: MS) and its headquarters are located at One Utah Center, 201 Main Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84111, telephone number (801) 236-3600. Morgan Stanley Bank also has offices in New York, New York.
MSMCH and Morgan Stanley Bank are each an affiliate of each other and of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, an underwriter.
Morgan Stanley Group’s Commercial Mortgage Securitization Program
The Morgan Stanley Group originates and purchases multifamily, commercial and manufactured housing community mortgage loans primarily for securitization or resale.
MSMCH. MSMCH has been involved with warehouse and repurchase financing to residential mortgage lenders, has in the past purchased residential mortgage loans for securitization or resale, or for its own investment, and has previously acted as a sponsor of residential mortgage loan securitizations. MSMCH (or its predecessor) has been active as a sponsor of securitizations of commercial mortgage loans since its formation.
As a sponsor, MSMCH originates or acquires mortgage loans and, either by itself or together with other sponsors or mortgage loan sellers, initiates the securitization of the mortgage loans by transferring the mortgage loans to a securitization depositor, including Morgan Stanley Capital I Inc., or another entity that acts in a similar capacity. In coordination with its affiliate, Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, and other underwriters, MSMCH works with rating agencies, investors, mortgage loan sellers and servicers in structuring securitization transactions. MSMCH has acted as sponsor and mortgage loan seller both in
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transactions in which it is the sole sponsor or mortgage loan seller and in transactions in which other entities act as sponsor or mortgage loan seller. MSMCH’s previous securitization programs, identified as “IQ”, “HQ” and “TOP”, typically involved multiple mortgage loan sellers.
Substantially all mortgage loans originated or acquired by MSMCH are either sold to securitizations as to which MSMCH acts as either sponsor or mortgage loan seller (or both) or otherwise sold or syndicated. Mortgage loans originated and securitized by MSMCH include both fixed rate and floating rate mortgage loans and both large mortgage loans and conduit mortgage loans (including those shown in the table below), and such mortgage loans were included in both public and private securitizations. MSMCH also originates subordinate and mezzanine debt which is generally not securitized.
MSMCH’s large mortgage loan program typically originates mortgage loans larger than $50 million, although MSMCH’s conduit mortgage loan program also sometimes originates such large mortgage loans. MSMCH originates commercial mortgage loans secured by multifamily, office, retail, industrial, hotel, manufactured housing community and self storage properties. The largest property concentrations of MSMCH securitized loans have been in retail and office properties, and the largest geographic concentrations have been in California and New York.
The following table sets forth information with respect to originations and securitizations of multifamily, commercial and manufactured housing community mortgage loans by MSMCH for the five years ending on December 31, 2015.
Period | Total Mortgage Loans(1)(2) | Total Mortgage Loans Securitized with Affiliated Depositor(2) | Total Mortgage Loans Securitized with Non- Affiliated Depositor(2) | Total Mortgage Loans Securitized(2) |
Year ending December 31, 2015 | 10.8 | 5.6 | 2.8 | 8.4 |
Year ending December 31, 2014 | 11.9 | 4.8 | 0.4 | 5.2 |
Year ending December 31, 2013 | 7.5 | 5.5 | 1.2 | 6.6 |
Year ending December 31, 2012 | 4.7 | 2.7 | 0.2 | 2.9 |
Year ending December 31, 2011 | 4.7 | 2.9 | 0.0 | 2.9 |
(1) | Includes all mortgage loans originated or purchased by MSMCH (or its predecessor) in the relevant year. Mortgage loans originated in a given year that were not securitized in that year generally were held for securitization in the following year or sold to third parties. |
(2) | Approximate amounts shown in billions of dollars. |
Morgan Stanley Bank. Morgan Stanley Bank has been originating financial assets, including multifamily, commercial and manufactured housing community mortgage loans, both for purposes of holding those assets for investment and for resale, including through securitization, since at least 2011. For the period from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2015, Morgan Stanley Bank originated multifamily, commercial and manufactured housing community mortgage loans in the aggregate original principal amount of approximately $25,120,386,287.
Morgan Stanley Bank originates commercial mortgage loans secured by multifamily, office, retail, industrial, hotel, manufactured housing community and self storage properties, which it either holds for investment or sells or otherwise syndicates. The largest property concentrations of commercial mortgage loans originated by Morgan Stanley Bank are in retail and office properties, and the largest geographic concentrations are in California and New York. Commercial mortgage loans originated by Morgan Stanley Bank include both fixed rate and floating rate mortgage loans and both large mortgage loans and conduit mortgage loans, and such mortgage loans are expected to be included in both public and private securitizations. Morgan Stanley Bank also originates subordinate and mezzanine
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debt, which generally is not expected to be securitized. Morgan Stanley Bank’s large mortgage loan program originates mortgage loans larger than $50 million, although Morgan Stanley Bank’s conduit mortgage loan program also sometimes originates such large mortgage loans.
The Morgan Stanley Group’s Underwriting Standards
Overview. Commercial mortgage loans originated by the Morgan Stanley Group are primarily originated in accordance with the procedures and underwriting standards described below. However, given the unique nature of income-producing real properties, variations from these procedures and standards may be implemented as a result of various conditions, including a mortgage loan’s specific terms, the quality or location of the underlying real estate, the mortgaged property’s tenancy profile, the background or financial strength of the borrower or loan sponsor and any other pertinent information deemed material by the member of the Morgan Stanley Group that is the originator of the related mortgage loan (the related “Morgan Stanley Origination Entity”). Therefore, this general description of the Morgan Stanley Group’s origination procedures and underwriting standards is not intended as a representation that every commercial mortgage loan originated by the Morgan Stanley Group (or on its behalf) complies entirely with all standards set forth below. For important information about any circumstances that have affected the underwriting of the MSMCH Mortgage Loans, see “—Exceptions to Underwriting Standards” below.
Process. The credit underwriting process for each commercial mortgage loan is performed by a deal team comprised of real estate professionals that typically includes a commercial loan originator, underwriter and closer subject to the oversight and ultimate review and approval of the related Morgan Stanley Origination Entity. This team conducts a review of the related mortgaged property, which typically includes an examination of the following information, to the extent both applicable and available: historical operating statements, rent rolls, certain tenant leases, current and historical real estate tax information, insurance policies and/or schedules and third party reports pertaining to appraisal, valuation, zoning, environmental status, physical condition and seismic and other engineering characteristics (see “—Escrow Requirements”, “—Zoning and Land Use”, “—Title Insurance Policy”, “—Property Insurance” and “—Third Party Reports” below). In some cases, certain of these documents may not be reviewed due to the nature of the related mortgaged property. For instance, historical operating statements may not be available with respect to a mortgaged property with a limited operating history or that has been recently acquired by its current owner. In addition, rent rolls would not be examined for certain property types (e.g., hospitality properties), and executed tenant leases would not be examined for certain property types (e.g., hospitality, self storage, multifamily and manufactured housing community properties), although forms of leases would typically be reviewed.
A member of the deal team or one of its agents performs an inspection of the mortgaged property as well as a review of the surrounding market environment (including demand generators, competing properties (if any) and proximity to major thoroughfares and transportation centers) in order to confirm tenancy information, assess the physical quality and attributes (e.g., age, renovations, condition, parking, amenities, class, etc.) of the collateral, determine visibility and access characteristics and evaluate the mortgaged property’s competitiveness within its market.
The deal team or one of its agents also performs a detailed review of the financial status, credit history, credit references and background of the borrower and certain key principals using financial statements, income tax returns, criminal and background
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investigations and searches in select jurisdictions for judgments, liens, bankruptcy and pending litigation. Circumstances may also warrant an examination of the financial strength and credit of key tenants as well as other factors that may impact the tenants’ ongoing occupancy or ability to pay rent.
After the compilation and review of all documentation and other relevant considerations, the deal team finalizes its detailed underwriting analysis of the mortgaged property’s cash flow in accordance with property-specific, cash flow underwriting guidelines.
Determinations are also made regarding the implementation of appropriate loan terms to address certain risks, resulting in features such as ongoing escrows or up-front reserves, letters of credit, lockboxes, cash management agreements and guarantees. A complete credit committee package is prepared to summarize all of the above referenced information and circulated to credit committee for review.
Credit Approval. All commercial mortgage loans must be presented to one or more credit committees that include senior real estate professionals, among others. After a review of the credit committee package and a discussion of a mortgage loan, the committee may approve the mortgage loan as recommended, request additional due diligence, modify the terms or reject the mortgage loan entirely.
Debt Service Coverage and Loan to Value Requirements. The Morgan Stanley Group’s underwriting standards generally require a minimum debt service coverage ratio of 1.20x and permit a maximum loan-to-value ratio of 80%; however, these thresholds are guidelines, and exceptions may be made based on the merits of each individual mortgage loan, such as the types of tenants, reserves, letters of credit, guarantees and the related Morgan Stanley Origination Entity’s assessment of the mortgaged property’s future performance. The debt service coverage ratio guidelines set forth above are calculated based on underwritten net cash flow at origination. The debt service coverage ratio for each mortgage loan as reported in this prospectus and Annex A-1 hereto may differ from the amount calculated at the time of origination because updates to the information used to calculate such amounts may have become available during the period between origination and the date of this prospectus.
Certain mortgaged properties may also be encumbered by subordinate debt (or the direct or indirect ownership interests in the related borrower may be encumbered by mezzanine debt). It is possible that the related Morgan Stanley Origination Entity or an affiliate thereof will be a lender on such additional debt and may either sell such debt to an unaffiliated third party or hold it in inventory. When such subordinate or mezzanine debt is taken into account, the aggregate debt with respect to the related mortgaged property may not conform to the aforementioned debt service coverage ratio and loan-to-value ratio parameters.
Amortization Requirements. The Morgan Stanley Group’s underwriting guidelines generally permit a maximum amortization period of 30 years. Certain mortgage loans may provide for interest-only payments through maturity or for a portion of the commercial mortgage loan term. If a mortgage loan has a partial interest-only period, the monthly debt service and the U/W NCF DSCR set forth in this prospectus and Annex A-1 reflect a calculation of both the interest-only payments and the future (larger) amortizing loan payment. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool” in this prospectus.
Escrow Requirements. A Morgan Stanley Origination Entity may require borrowers to fund escrows for taxes, insurance, capital expenditures and replacement reserves. In addition, a Morgan Stanley Origination Entity may identify certain risks that warrant
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additional escrows or holdbacks for items to be released to the borrower upon the satisfaction of certain conditions. Such escrows or holdbacks may cover, among other things, tenant improvements and leasing commissions, deferred maintenance, environmental remediation and unfunded obligations. Springing escrows may also be structured for identified risks such as specific rollover exposure, to be triggered upon the non-renewal of one or more key tenants. In some cases, in lieu of maintaining a cash reserve, the borrower may be allowed to post a letter of credit or guaranty or provide periodic evidence of timely payment of a typical escrow item. Escrows are evaluated on a case-by-case basis and are not required for all commercial mortgage loans.
Generally, the Morgan Stanley Group requires escrows as follows:
· | Taxes. An initial deposit and monthly escrow deposits equal to 1/12 of the annual property taxes (based on the most recent property assessment and the current millage rate; however, if the actual tax amount owing in the upcoming year is not available, the required annual reserve amount will generally be between 100% and 105% of the preceding year’s tax amount) are typically required to satisfy taxes and assessments, except that such escrows may not be required in certain circumstances, including, but not limited to, situations where (i) the loan sponsor is an institutional sponsor or a high net worth individual or (ii) the related mortgaged property is a single tenant property with respect to which the related tenant is required to pay taxes directly. |
· | Insurance. An initial deposit at origination (which may be equal to one or more months of the required monthly amount) and subsequent monthly escrow deposits equal to 1/12 of an amount generally between 100% and 105% of the annual property insurance premium are typically required to pay insurance premiums, except that such escrows may not be required in certain circumstances, including, but not limited to, situations where (i) the loan sponsor is an institutional sponsor or a high net worth individual, (ii) the related borrower maintains a blanket insurance policy or (iii) the related mortgaged property is a single tenant property with respect to which the related tenant self-insures. |
· | Replacement Reserves. Replacement reserves are generally calculated in accordance with the expected useful life of the components of the mortgaged property during the term of the mortgage loan. Annual replacement reserves are generally underwritten to the suggested replacement reserve amount from an independent, third-party property condition or engineering report, or to certain minimum requirements depending on the property type, except that such escrows may not be required in certain circumstances, including, but not limited to, situations where the related mortgaged property is a single tenant property with respect to which the related tenant is responsible for all repairs and maintenance, including those required with respect to the roof and structure of the improvements. |
· | Tenant Improvements and Leasing Commissions. A reserve for tenant improvements and leasing commissions may be required to be funded at loan origination and/or during the term of the mortgage loan to cover anticipated tenant improvements or leasing commissions costs that might be associated with re-leasing certain space, except that such escrows may not be required in certain circumstances, including, but not limited to, situations where (i) the related mortgaged property is a single tenant property and the tenant’s lease extends beyond the loan term or (ii) the rent at the related mortgaged property is considered below market. |
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· | Deferred Maintenance. A reserve for deferred maintenance may be required to be funded at loan origination in an amount generally between 100% and 125% of the estimated cost of material immediate repairs or replacements identified in the physical condition report, except that such escrows may not be required in certain circumstances, including, but not limited to, situations where (i) the sponsor of the borrower delivers a guarantee to complete the immediate repairs in a specified amount of time, (ii) the deferred maintenance amount does not materially impact the related mortgaged property’s function, performance or value or is de minimis in relation to the loan amount or (iii) the related mortgaged property is a single tenant property and the tenant is responsible for the repairs. |
· | Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment. A reserve for furniture, fixtures and equipment expenses may be required to be funded during the term of the mortgage loan based on the suggested reserve amount from an independent, third-party property condition or engineering report, or based on certain minimum requirements depending on the property type. |
· | Environmental Remediation. A reserve for environmental remediation may be required to be funded at loan origination in an amount generally between 100% and 150% of the estimated remediation cost identified in the environmental report, except that such escrows may not be required in certain circumstances, including, but not limited to, situations where (i) the sponsor of the borrower delivers a guarantee whereby it agrees to take responsibility and pay for identified environmental issues or (ii) environmental insurance has been obtained or already in place. |
For a description of the escrows collected with respect to the MSMCH Mortgage Loans, please see Annex A-1.
Zoning and Land Use. With respect to each mortgage loan, the related Morgan Stanley Origination Entity and its origination counsel will generally examine whether the use and occupancy of the related mortgaged property is in material compliance with zoning, land-use, building rules, regulations and orders then applicable to that mortgaged property. Evidence of this compliance may be in the form of one or more of the following: legal opinions, surveys, recorded documents, temporary or permanent certificates of occupancy, letters from government officials or agencies, title insurance endorsements, engineering or consulting reports, zoning reports and representations by the related borrower. In some cases, a mortgaged property may constitute a legal non-conforming use or structure. In such cases, the related Morgan Stanley Origination Entity may require an endorsement to the title insurance policy or the acquisition of law and ordinance insurance with respect to the particular non-conformity unless it determines that: (i) the non-conformity should not have a material adverse effect on the ability of the borrower to rebuild, (ii) if the improvements are rebuilt in accordance with currently applicable law, the value and performance of the mortgaged property would be acceptable, (iii) any major casualty that would prevent rebuilding has a sufficiently remote likelihood of occurring or (iv) a cash reserve, a letter of credit or an agreement imposing recourse liability from a principal of the borrower is provided to cover losses.
Title Insurance Policy. Each borrower is required to provide, and the related Morgan Stanley Origination Entity or its origination counsel typically will review, a title insurance policy for the related mortgaged property. Such title insurance policies typically must (i) be written by a title insurer licensed to do business in the jurisdiction where the mortgaged property is located, (ii) be in an amount at least equal to the original principal balance of the mortgage loan, (iii) have protection and benefits run to the mortgagee and its
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successors and assigns, (iv) be written on an American Land Title Association form or equivalent policy promulgated in the jurisdiction where the mortgaged property is located and (v) if a survey was prepared, have a legal description of the mortgaged property in the title policy that conforms to that shown on the survey.
Property Insurance. The Morgan Stanley Group requires each borrower to provide evidence of a hazard insurance policy with a customary deductible and coverage in an amount at least equal to the greater of (i) the outstanding principal balance of the mortgage loan or (ii) the amount necessary to prevent the borrower from becoming a co-insurer. Such policies do not permit reduction in insurance proceeds for depreciation, except that a policy may permit a deduction for depreciation in connection with a cash settlement after a casualty if the insurance proceeds are not being applied to rebuild or repair the damaged improvements.
Third Party Reports. In addition to or as part of applicable origination guidelines or reviews described above, in the course of originating the applicable mortgage loans, the related Morgan Stanley Origination Entity generally considers the results of third party reports as described below. New reports are generally ordered, although existing reports dated no more than twelve (12) months prior to closing may be used (subject, in certain cases, to updates). In many instances, however, one or more provisions of the guidelines were waived or modified in light of the circumstances of the relevant mortgage loan or mortgaged property.
· | Appraisal. The related Morgan Stanley Origination Entity generally obtains an appraisal for each mortgaged property prepared by an appraisal firm approved by it to assess the value of the property. Each report is reviewed by the related Morgan Stanley Origination Entity or its designated agent. The report may utilize one or more approaches to value: (i) cost approach; (ii) sale comparison approach and/or (iii) income approach (including both the direct cap and discount cash flow methods). Each appraisal also includes a statement by the appraiser that the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (USPAP) and the guidelines of Title XI of the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act of 1989 (FIRREA), as amended, were followed in preparing the appraisal. There can be no assurance that another person would not have arrived at a different valuation, even if such person used the same general approach to, and same method of, valuing the property. Moreover, such appraisals sought to establish the amount a typically motivated buyer would pay a typically motivated seller. Such amount could be significantly higher than the amount obtained from the sale of a mortgaged property under a distress or liquidation sale. Information regarding the values of the mortgaged properties as of the date of the related appraisal is presented in this prospectus for illustrative purposes only. |
· | Environmental Report. The related Morgan Stanley Origination Entity generally obtains a Phase I site assessment or an update of a previously obtained site assessment for each mortgaged property generally within the twelve-month period preceding the origination of the related mortgage loan and in each case prepared by an environmental firm approved by such Morgan Stanley Origination Entity. Such Morgan Stanley Origination Entity or its designated agent typically reviews the Phase I site assessment to verify the presence or absence of potential adverse environmental conditions. An environmental assessment conducted at any particular real property collateral will not necessarily cover all potential environmental issues. For example, an analysis for radon, lead-based paint, mold and lead in drinking water will usually be conducted only at multifamily rental properties and only when the related Morgan Stanley Origination Entity or the |
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environmental consultant believes that such an analysis is warranted under the circumstances. Upon the recommendation of the environmental consultant conducting the Phase I assessment with respect to a mortgaged property, a Phase II assessment will be ordered and/or an operations and maintenance plan with respect to asbestos, mold or lead based paint will be implemented. In certain cases, environmental insurance may be acquired in lieu of further testing. In certain cases, the Phase I or Phase II assessment may have disclosed the existence of or potential for adverse environmental conditions, generally the result of the activities of identified tenants, adjacent property owners or previous owners of the mortgaged property. In certain of such cases, the related borrowers were required to establish operations and maintenance plans, monitor the mortgaged property, abate or remediate the condition and/or provide additional security such as letters of credit, reserves or stand-alone secured creditor impaired property policies. |
· | Physical Condition Report. The related Morgan Stanley Origination Entity generally obtains a current physical condition report for each mortgaged property prepared by an engineering firm approved by it to assess the overall physical condition and engineering integrity of the improvements at the mortgaged property, including an inspection of representative property components, systems and elements, an evaluation of their general apparent physical condition and an identification of physical deficiencies associated with structural, fixture, equipment or mechanical building components. Such Morgan Stanley Origination Entity or an agent thereof typically reviews the report to determine the physical condition of the mortgaged property and to determine the anticipated costs of necessary repair, replacement and major maintenance or capital expenditure over the term of the mortgage loan. In cases in which the report identifies an immediate need for material repairs or replacements with an anticipated cost that is over a certain minimum threshold or percentage of loan balance, the related Morgan Stanley Origination Entity often requires an escrow at the time of origination in an amount sufficient to complete such repairs or replacements or obtains a guarantee from a sponsor of the borrower in lieu of reserves. Such Morgan Stanley Origination Entity also often requires the collection of ongoing escrows for the continued maintenance of the property based on the conclusions of the report. See “—Escrow Requirements” above. |
· | Seismic Report. The related Morgan Stanley Origination Entity generally obtains a seismic report for all mortgaged properties located in seismic zones 3 or 4 to assess the estimated damage that may result from a seismic event that has a 10% chance of exceedance in a 50-year exposure period or a 475-year return period. Such reports utilize the ASTM Standard E2026-07 and E2557-07 definitions for Scenario Expected Loss. Generally, any of the mortgage loans as to which the property was estimated to have a scenario expected limit in excess of 20% would be conditioned on satisfactory earthquake insurance. |
Servicing. The Morgan Stanley Origination Entities currently contract with third party servicers for servicing the mortgage loans that they originate or acquire. Such interim servicers are assessed based upon the credit quality of the servicing institution and may be reviewed for their systems and reporting capabilities, collection procedures and ability to provide loan-level data. In addition, a Morgan Stanley Origination Entity may meet with senior management to determine whether the servicer complies with industry standards or otherwise monitor the servicer on an ongoing basis. No Morgan Stanley Origination Entity
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or any of its affiliates currently acts as servicer of the mortgage loans in its commercial or residential mortgage loan securitizations.
Exceptions to Underwriting Standards. One or more of the MSMCH Mortgage Loans may vary from the specific Morgan Stanley Group underwriting guidelines described above when additional credit positive characteristics are present as discussed above. In addition, in the case of one or more of the MSMCH Mortgage Loans, the related Morgan Stanley Origination Entity or another originator may not have applied each of the specific underwriting guidelines described above as the result of case-by-case permitted flexibility based upon other compensating factors. None of the MSMCH Mortgage Loans was originated with any material exceptions from the Morgan Stanley Group underwriting guidelines and procedures.
Review of MSMCH Mortgage Loans
General. In connection with the preparation of this prospectus, MSMCH conducted a review of the mortgage loans that it is selling to the depositor designed and effected to provide reasonable assurance that the disclosure related to the MSMCH Mortgage Loans is accurate in all material respects. MSMCH determined the nature, extent and timing of the review and the level of assistance provided by any third party. The review was conducted by a deal team comprised of real estate and securitization professionals and third parties. MSMCH has ultimate authority and control over, and assumes all responsibility for and attributes to itself, the review and the findings and conclusions of the review of the mortgage loans that it is selling to the depositor. The review procedures described below were employed with respect to all of the MSMCH Mortgage Loans, except that certain review procedures were only relevant to the large loan disclosures in this prospectus, as further described below. No sampling procedures were used in the review process.
Database. MSMCH created a database (the “MSMCH Securitization Database”) of information obtained in connection with the origination of the MSMCH Mortgage Loans, including:
· | certain information from the mortgage loan documents; |
· | certain borrower-provided information, including certain rent rolls, certain operating statements and certain leases relating to certain mortgaged properties; |
· | insurance information for the related mortgaged properties; |
· | information from third party reports such as the appraisals, environmental and property condition reports; |
· | credit and background searches with respect to the related borrowers; and |
· | certain other information and other search results obtained by MSMCH for each of the MSMCH Mortgage Loans during the underwriting process. |
MSMCH may have included in the MSMCH Securitization Database certain updates to such information received by MSMCH after origination, such as information from the interim servicer regarding loan payment status, current escrows, updated operating statements and rent rolls and certain other information otherwise brought to the attention of the MSMCH securitization team. Such updates were not intended to be, and do not serve as, a re-underwriting of any mortgage loan.
MSMCH created a data file (the “MSMCH Data File”) using the information in the MSMCH Securitization Database and provided that file to the depositor for use in compiling the
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numerical information regarding the MSMCH Mortgage Loans in this prospectus (particularly in Annexes A-1, A-2 and A-3).
Data Comparisons and Recalculation. Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Securities, Inc., on behalf of MSMCH, engaged a third party accounting firm to perform certain data comparison and recalculation procedures which were designed by MSMCH relating to MSMCH Mortgage Loan information in this prospectus. These procedures included:
· | comparing the information in the MSMCH Data File against various source documents provided by MSMCH; |
· | comparing numerical information regarding the MSMCH Mortgage Loans and the related mortgaged properties disclosed in this prospectus against the information contained in the MSMCH Data File; and |
· | recalculating certain percentages, ratios and other formulas relating to the MSMCH Mortgage Loans disclosed in this prospectus. |
Legal Review. For each MSMCH Mortgage Loan originated by MSMCH or one of its affiliates (as applicable), MSMCH reviewed a legal loan and property information summary prepared by origination counsel, which summary includes important loan terms and certain property-level information obtained during the origination process. MSMCH also provided to each origination counsel the representations and warranties attached as Annex D-1 and requested that origination counsel draft exceptions to such representations and warranties. MSMCH compiled and reviewed draft exceptions received from origination counsel, engaged separate counsel to review the exceptions, revised the exceptions and provided them to the depositor for inclusion in Annex D-2.
For MSMCH Mortgage Loans purchased by MSMCH or one of its affiliates from a third party originator, if any, MSMCH reviewed the related purchase agreement, the representations and warranties made by the originator contained therein (together with the exceptions thereto) and certain provisions of the related loan documents and third party reports concerning the related mortgaged property that were provided by the originator of such mortgage loan. With respect to each such MSMCH Mortgage Loan, MSMCH and its counsel prepared exceptions to the representations and warranties attached as Annex D-1 and provided them to the depositor for inclusion in Annex D-2.
In addition, with respect to each MSMCH Mortgage Loan, MSMCH reviewed, and in certain cases, requested that its counsel review, certain loan document provisions in connection with the disclosure of such provisions in this prospectus, such as property release provisions and other provisions specifically disclosed in this prospectus.
Certain Updates. MSMCH requested that each borrower under a MSMCH Mortgage Loan (or such borrower’s origination or litigation counsel, as applicable) provide updates on any material pending litigation that existed at origination. In addition, if MSMCH became aware of a significant natural disaster in the vicinity of a mortgaged property securing a MSMCH Mortgage Loan, MSMCH requested information on the property status from the related borrower in order to confirm whether any material damage to the mortgaged property had occurred.
Large Loan Summaries. MSMCH prepared, and reviewed with origination counsel and securitization counsel, the loan summaries for those of the MSMCH Mortgage Loans included in the ten (10) largest mortgage loans or groups of cross-collateralized mortgage loans in the mortgage pool and the abbreviated loan summaries for those of the MSMCH Mortgage
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Loans included in the next five (5) largest mortgage loans or groups of cross-collateralized mortgage loans in the mortgage pool, which loan summaries and abbreviated loan summaries are incorporated in Annex A-3.
Underwriting Standards. MSMCH also consulted with origination counsel to confirm that the MSMCH Mortgage Loans were originated in compliance with the origination and underwriting standards described above under “—The Morgan Stanley Group’s Underwriting Standards” as well as to identify any material deviations from those origination and underwriting standards. See “—The Morgan Stanley Group’s Underwriting Standards” above.
Findings and Conclusions. MSMCH found and concluded with reasonable assurance that the disclosure regarding the MSMCH Mortgage Loans in this prospectus is accurate in all material respects. MSMCH also found and concluded with reasonable assurance that the MSMCH Mortgage Loans were originated in accordance with the Morgan Stanley Group’s origination procedures and underwriting standards, except to the extent described above under “—The Morgan Stanley Group’s Underwriting Standards—Exceptions to Underwriting Standards”.
Review Procedures in the Event of a Mortgage Loan Substitution. MSMCH will perform a review of any mortgage loan that it elects to substitute for an MSMCH Mortgage Loan in the pool in connection with a material breach of a representation or warranty or a material document defect. MSMCH, and if appropriate its legal counsel, will review the mortgage loan documents and servicing history of the substitute mortgage loan to confirm it meets each of the criteria required under the terms of the related MLPA and the PSA (the “MSMCH Qualification Criteria”). MSMCH may engage a third party accounting firm to compare the MSMCH Qualification Criteria against the underlying source documentation to verify the accuracy of the review by MSMCH and to confirm any numerical and/or statistical information to be disclosed in any required filings under the Exchange Act. Legal counsel will also be engaged by MSMCH to render any tax opinion required in connection with the substitution.
Repurchases and Replacements
The transaction documents for certain prior transactions in which MSMCH securitized commercial mortgage loans or participation interests (“CRE Loans”) contain covenants requiring the repurchase or replacement of an underlying CRE Loan for the breach of a related representation or warranty under various circumstances if the breach is not cured. The following table sets forth, for the period commencing April 1, 2013 and ending March 31, 2016, the information required by Rule 15Ga-1 under the Exchange Act concerning all assets securitized by MSMCH that were the subject of a demand to repurchase or replace for breach of the representations and warranties concerning the pool assets for all asset-backed securities held by non-affiliates of MSMCH where the underlying transaction agreements included a covenant to repurchase or replace an underlying asset of the CRE Loan asset class. The information for MSMCH as a securitizer of CRE Loans required to be set forth in a Form ABS-15G for the reporting period from January 1, 2016 through March 31, 2016 was set forth in a Form ABS-15G filed by MSMCH on May 12, 2016. The Central Index Key Number of MSMCH is 0001541557.
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Repurchases and Replacements1 Asset Class: CMBS | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Name of Issuing Entity | Check if Registered | Name of Originator2 | Total Assets in ABS by Originator at time of securitization | Assets That Were Subject of Demand3 | Assets That Were Repurchased or Replaced4 | Assets Pending Repurchase or Replacement (within cure period)5 | Demand in Dispute6 | Demand Withdrawn7 | Demand Rejected8 | ||||||||||||||
# | $ | % | # | $9 | %10 | # | $9 | %10 | # | $9 | %10 | # | $9 | %10 | # | $9 | %10 | # | $9 | %10 | |||
Morgan Stanley Dean Witter Capital I Series 2001-TOP1 (0001133471)(11) | X | Morgan Stanley Dean Witter Mortgage Capital Inc. | 15 | 221,328,651 | 19.1% | 1 | - | 0.00% | 0 | - | 0.00% | 0 | - | 0.00% | 0 | - | 0.00% | 1 | - | 0.00% | 0 | - | 0.00% |
Morgan Stanley Capital I Series 2006-IQ11 (0001362475) | X | Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Inc. | 67 | 772,319,208 | 47.8% | 1 | 11,164,462 | 1.68% | 0 | - | 0.00% | 0 | - | 0.00% | 0 | - | 0.00% | 0 | - | 0.00% | 1 | 11,164,462 | 1.68% |
Morgan Stanley Capital I Series 2007-IQ14 (0001398854) | X | Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Inc. | 34 | 1,345,579,291 | 27.4% | 1 | 81,000,000 | 3.37% | 0 | - | 0.00% | 0 | - | 0.00% | 1 | 81,000,000 | 3.37% | 0 | - | 0.00% | 0 | - | 0.00% |
Aggregate Total | 116 | 2,339,227,150 | 3 | 92,164,462 | 0 | - | 0 | - | 1 | 81,000,000 | 1 | - | 1 | 11,164,462 |
(1) | In connection with the preparation of this prospectus, MSMCH undertook the following steps to gather the information required by Rule 15Ga-1 under the Exchange Act: (i) identifying all asset-backed securities transactions in which MSMCH acted as a securitizer that were not the subject of a filing on Form ABS-15G by an affiliated securitizer, (ii) performing a diligent search of MSMCH’s records and the records of affiliates of MSMCH that acted as securitizers in its transactions for all relevant information, (iii) reviewing appropriate documentation from all relevant transactions to determine the parties responsible for enforcing representations and warranties, and any other parties to the transaction who might have received repurchase requests (such parties, “Demand Entities”), and (iv) making written request of each Demand Entity to provide any information in its possession regarding requests or demands to repurchase any loans for a breach of a representation or warranty with respect to any relevant transaction that was not previously provided to MSMCH. MSMCH followed up written requests made of Demand Entities as it deemed appropriate. In addition, MSMCH requested information from trustees and other Demand Entities as to investor demands that occurred prior to July 22, 2010. It is possible that this disclosure does not contain information about all investor demands upon those parties made prior to July 22, 2010. |
(2) | MSMCH identified the “originator” on the same basis that it would identify the originator for purposes of Regulation AB (Subpart 229.1100 – Asset-Backed Securities (Regulation AB), 17 C.F.R. §§229.1100-229.1125) for registered transactions. |
(3) | Reflects aggregate numbers for all demand activity shown in this table. |
(4) | Includes loans for which the repurchase price or replacement asset was received during the reporting period from April 1, 2013 to March 31, 2016. The demand related to loans reported in this column may have been received prior to such reporting period. |
(5) | Includes loans for which the securitizer is aware that the responsible party has agreed to repurchase or replace the loan but has not yet repurchased or replaced such loans. The demand related to loans reported in this column may have been received prior to the reporting period from April 1, 2013 to March 31, 2016. |
(6) | Includes demands received during and prior to the reporting period from April 1, 2013 to March 31, 2016 unless the loan falls into one of the other categories reflected on this chart or the demand was received prior to such reporting period and was finally resolved prior to such reporting period. If the securitizer is not the party responsible for repurchasing a loan subject to a demand, the loan is reflected in this column until the securitizer has been informed by the related trustee that the loan has been repurchased or replaced. |
(7) | Includes loans for which the buyback demand was withdrawn by the party submitting the demand during the reporting period from April 1, 2013 to March 31, 2016. The demand related to loans reported in this column may have been received prior to such reporting period. |
(8) | Includes loans (i) for which a demand was received, a rebuttal was made and there was no response within 90 days of the rebuttal and (ii) for which the related obligor has repaid the loan in full, in each case during the reporting period from April 1, 2013 to March 31, 2016. The demand related to loans reported in this column may have been received prior to such reporting period. |
(9) | Principal balance was determined as of the earlier of (i) the principal balance reported in the March 2016 distribution date report and (ii) the principal balance on the distribution date immediately preceding the period for which the distribution date report reflected that the loan was removed from the pool. Liquidated loans reflect amounts received as borrower payments, insurance proceeds and all other liquidation proceeds. All of the balances and loan counts set forth in the table above are based on MSMCH’s records and, in certain instances, may differ from balance and loan count information publicly available. |
(10) | Percentage of principal balance was calculated by using the principal balance as described in footnote 9 divided by the aggregate principal balance of the pool assets reported in the March 2016 distribution date report. Because the aggregate principal balance of the remaining pool assets may be less than the principal balance of the repurchase demands calculated as described in footnote 9, the percentage shown in this column may exceed 100%. |
(11) | With respect to the Morgan Stanley Dean Witter Capital I Series 2001-TOP1 securitization, the demand made with respect to one of the underlying loans was subsequently withdrawn. In addition, the March 2014 distribution date report showed that the current balance of such loan is $0. |
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Retained Interests in This Securitization
None of MSMCH, Morgan Stanley Bank or any of their affiliates intends to retain on the Closing Date any certificates issued by the issuing entity or any other economic interest in this securitization, except that Morgan Stanley Bank will retain $10,953,196 Certificate Balance of the RRI Interest. However, any of MSMCH, Morgan Stanley Bank and their affiliates may own in the future certain classes of certificates. Any such party will have the right to dispose of any such certificates (other than the RRI Interest) at any time. Morgan Stanley Bank will be required to retain the RRI Interest for the life of the transaction in compliance with the EU Retention Requirements. See “EU Securitization Risk Retention Requirements”.
The Depositor
Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Securities, Inc., a North Carolina corporation, is the depositor. The depositor is a special purpose corporation incorporated in the State of North Carolina in 1988, for the purpose of engaging in the business, among other things, of acquiring and depositing mortgage loans in trust in exchange for certificates evidencing interest in such trusts and selling or otherwise distributing such certificates. The depositor is a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of Wells Fargo Bank, a sponsor, an originator, a mortgage loan seller, the master servicer, the certificate administrator, the REMIC administrator, the custodian, the certificate registrar and the initial Risk Retention Consultation Party and an affiliate of Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, one of the underwriters. See “Certain Affiliations, Relationships and Related Transactions Involving Transaction Parties” below.
The depositor will have minimal ongoing duties with respect to the certificates and the Mortgage Loans. The depositor’s duties will include, without limitation, (i) appointing a successor trustee in the event of the resignation or removal of the trustee, (ii) providing information in its possession with respect to the certificates to the REMIC administrator to the extent necessary to perform REMIC tax administration, (iii) indemnifying the trustee, the REMIC administrator and the issuing entity for any liability, assessment or costs arising from the depositor’s willful misconduct, bad faith or negligence in providing such information, (iv) indemnifying the trustee and the REMIC administrator against certain securities law liabilities, and (v) signing or contracting with the master servicer, signing any Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the certification required under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and any Distribution Reports on Form 10-D and Current Reports on Form 8-K required to be filed by the issuing entity. The depositor is also required under the underwriting agreement to indemnify the underwriters for certain securities law liabilities.
The depositor purchases commercial mortgage loans and interests in commercial mortgage loans for the purpose of selling those assets to trusts created in connection with the securitization of pools of assets and does not engage in any activities unrelated to those securitizations. On the Closing Date, the depositor will acquire the Mortgage Loans from each mortgage loan seller and will simultaneously transfer them, without recourse, to the trustee for the benefit of the Certificateholders.
The depositor remains responsible under the PSA for providing the master servicer, special servicer, certificate administrator and trustee with certain information and other assistance requested by those parties and reasonably necessary to performing their duties under the PSA. The depositor also remains responsible for mailing notices to the Certificateholders upon the appointment of certain successor entities under the PSA.
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The Issuing Entity
The issuing entity, Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1 (the “Trust”), will be a New York common law trust, formed on the Closing Date pursuant to the PSA.
The only activities that the issuing entity may perform are those set forth in the PSA, which are generally limited to owning and administering the Mortgage Loans and any REO Property, disposing of defaulted mortgage loans and REO Property, issuing the certificates, making distributions, providing reports to Certificateholders and other activities described in this prospectus. Accordingly, the issuing entity may not issue securities other than the certificates, or invest in securities, other than investing of funds in the Collection Account and other accounts maintained under the PSA in certain short-term permitted investments. The issuing entity may not lend or borrow money, except that the master servicer, the special servicer and the trustee may make Advances of delinquent monthly debt service payments and Servicing Advances to the issuing entity, but only to the extent it does not deem such Advances to be nonrecoverable from the related mortgage loan; such Advances are intended to provide liquidity, rather than credit support. The PSA may be amended as set forth under “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Amendment”. The issuing entity administers the Mortgage Loans through the trustee, the certificate administrator, the master servicer and the special servicer. A discussion of the duties of the trustee, the certificate administrator, the master servicer and the special servicer, including any discretionary activities performed by each of them, is set forth in this prospectus under “Transaction Parties—The Trustee”, “―The Certificate Administrator”, “—The Master Servicer” and “—The Special Servicer” and “Pooling and Servicing Agreement”.
The only assets of the issuing entity other than the Mortgage Loans and any REO Properties are the Collection Account and other accounts maintained pursuant to the PSA, the short-term investments in which funds in the Collection Account and other accounts are invested. The issuing entity has no present liabilities, but has potential liability relating to ownership of the Mortgage Loans and any REO Properties and certain other activities described in this prospectus, and indemnity obligations to the trustee, the certificate administrator, the depositor, the master servicer, the special servicer and the operating advisor. The fiscal year of the issuing entity is the calendar year. The issuing entity has no executive officers or board of directors and acts through the trustee, the certificate administrator, the master servicer and the special servicer.
The depositor will be contributing the Mortgage Loans to the issuing entity. The depositor will be purchasing the Mortgage Loans from the mortgage loan sellers, as described under “Description of the Mortgage Loan Purchase Agreements” in this prospectus.
The Trustee
Wilmington Trust, National Association (“WTNA”) (formerly called M & T Bank, National Association) will act as trustee on behalf of the Certificateholders pursuant to the PSA. WTNA is a national banking association with trust powers incorporated in 1995. The trustee’s principal place of business is located at 1100 North Market Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19890. WTNA is an affiliate of Wilmington Trust Company and both WTNA and Wilmington Trust Company are subsidiaries of Wilmington Trust Corporation. Since 1998, Wilmington Trust Company has served as trustee in numerous asset-backed securities transactions. As of June 30, 2016, WTNA served as trustee on over 1,500 mortgage-backed related securities transactions having an aggregate original principal balance in excess of $140 billion, of which approximately 176 transactions were commercial mortgage-backed
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securities transactions having an aggregate original principal balance of approximately $114 billion.
The transaction parties may maintain banking and other commercial relationships with WTNA and its affiliates. In its capacity as trustee on commercial mortgage securitizations, WTNA and its affiliates are generally required to make an advance if the related servicer or special servicer fails to make a required advance. In the past three years, WTNA and its affiliates have not been required to make an advance on a commercial mortgage-backed securities transaction.
WTNA is subject to various legal proceedings that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of business. WTNA does not believe that the ultimate resolution of any of these proceedings will have a material adverse effect on its services as trustee.
The information set forth under this sub-heading has been provided by WTNA. None of the depositor, the underwriters or any other person, other than WTNA, makes any representation or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of such information.
The responsibilities of the trustee are set forth in the PSA. A discussion of the role of the trustee and its continuing duties, including: 1) any actions required by the trustee, including whether notices are required to investors, rating agencies or other third parties, upon an event of default, potential event of default (and how defined) or other breach of a transaction covenant and any required percentage of a class or classes of asset-backed securities that is needed to require the trustee to take action, 2) limitations on the trustee’s liability under the transaction agreements regarding the asset-backed securities transaction, 3) any indemnification provisions that entitle the trustee to be indemnified from the cash flow that otherwise would be used to pay the asset-backed securities, and 4) any contractual provisions or understandings regarding the trustee’s removal, replacement or resignation, as well as how the expenses associated with changing from one trustee to another trustee will be paid, is set forth in this prospectus under “Pooling and Servicing Agreement”. In its capacity as trustee on commercial mortgage loan securitizations, WTNA and its affiliates are generally required to make an advance if the related servicer or special servicer fails to make a required advance. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Advances” in this prospectus.
For a description of any material affiliations, relationships and related transactions between the trustee and the other transaction parties, see “Certain Affiliations, Relationships and Related Transactions Involving Transaction Parties” in this prospectus.
The trustee will only be liable under the PSA to the extent of the obligations specifically imposed by the PSA. For further information regarding the duties, responsibilities, rights and obligations of the trustee under the PSA, including those related to indemnification, see “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Limitation on Liability; Indemnification”. Certain terms of the PSA regarding the trustee’s removal, replacement or resignation are described under “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Resignation and Removal of the Trustee and the Certificate Administrator” in this prospectus.
The Certificate Administrator
Wells Fargo Bank will act as certificate administrator, REMIC administrator, certificate registrar, and custodian under the PSA. The certificate administrator will also be the REMIC administrator and the 17g-5 Information Provider under the PSA.
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Wells Fargo Bank is a national banking association and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Wells Fargo & Company. A diversified financial services company, Wells Fargo & Company is a U.S. bank holding company with approximately $1.8 trillion in assets and approximately 265,000 employees as of December 31, 2015, which provides banking, insurance, trust, mortgage and consumer finance services throughout the United States and internationally. Wells Fargo Bank provides retail and commercial banking services and corporate trust, custody, securities lending, securities transfer, cash management, investment management and other financial and fiduciary services. The depositor, the sponsors, the master servicer, the special servicer, the trustee, the operating advisor, the asset representations reviewer and the mortgage loan sellers may maintain banking and other commercial relationships with Wells Fargo Bank and its affiliates. Wells Fargo Bank maintains principal corporate trust offices at 9062 Old Annapolis Road, Columbia, Maryland 21045-1951 (among other locations) and its office for certificate transfer services is located at Sixth Street and Marquette Avenue, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55479.
Under the terms of the PSA, Wells Fargo Bank is responsible for securities administration, which includes pool performance calculations, distribution calculations and related distributions to Certificateholders and the preparation of monthly distribution reports. As certificate administrator, Wells Fargo Bank is responsible for the preparation and filing of all REMIC and grantor trust tax returns on behalf of the Trust REMICs and the preparation of monthly reports on Form 10-D, certain current reports on Form 8-K and annual reports on Form 10-K that are required to be filed with the SEC on behalf of the issuing entity. Wells Fargo Bank has been engaged in the business of securities administration since June 30, 1995, and in connection with commercial mortgage-backed securities since 1997. As of December 31, 2015, Wells Fargo Bank was acting as securities administrator with respect to more than $400 billion of outstanding commercial mortgage-backed securities.
Wells Fargo Bank is acting as custodian (the “Custodian”) of the mortgage files pursuant to and subject to the PSA. In that capacity, Wells Fargo Bank is responsible to hold and safeguard the mortgage notes and other contents of the mortgage files on behalf of the trustee for the benefit of the Certificateholders. Wells Fargo Bank maintains each mortgage file in a separate file folder marked with a unique bar code to assure loan-level file integrity and to assist in inventory management. Files are segregated by transaction or investor. Wells Fargo Bank has been engaged in the mortgage document custody business for more than 25 years. Wells Fargo Bank maintains its commercial document custody facilities in Minneapolis, Minnesota. As of December 31, 2015, Wells Fargo Bank was acting as custodian of more than 187,000 commercial mortgage files.
Wells Fargo Bank serves or may have served within the past two years as loan file custodian for various mortgage loans owned by a sponsor or an affiliate of a sponsor, and one or more of those mortgage loans may be included in the Trust. The terms of any custodial agreement under which those services are provided by Wells Fargo Bank are customary for the mortgage-backed securitization industry and provide for the delivery, receipt, review and safekeeping of mortgage loan files.
For two CMBS transactions in its portfolio, the Corporate Trust Services Group of Wells Fargo Bank disclosed material noncompliance on its 2015 Annual Statement of Compliance furnished pursuant to Item 1123 of Regulation AB to the required recipients. For one CMBS transaction, the material noncompliance was an administrative error that caused an overpayment to a certain class and a correlating underpayment to a certain class. The affected distribution was revised the same month to correct the error. For the other CMBS transaction, distributions for one month were paid one day late as a result of human error.
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On June 18, 2014, a group of institutional investors filed a civil complaint in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, New York County, against Wells Fargo Bank, in its capacity as trustee under 276 residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”) trusts, which was later amended on July 18, 2014, to increase the number of trusts to 284 RMBS trusts. On November 24, 2014, the plaintiffs filed a motion to voluntarily dismiss the state court action without prejudice. That same day, a group of institutional investors filed a civil complaint in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (the “District Court”) against Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., alleging claims against the bank in its capacity as trustee for 274 RMBS trusts (the “Complaint”). In December 2014, the plaintiffs’ motion to voluntarily dismiss their original state court action was granted. As with the prior state court action, the Complaint is one of six similar complaints filed contemporaneously against RMBS trustees (Deutsche Bank National Trust Company, Citibank N.A., HSBC Bank USA, The Bank of New York Mellon and U.S. Bank National Association) by a group of institutional investor plaintiffs. The Complaint against Wells Fargo Bank alleges that the trustee caused losses to investors and asserts causes of action based upon, among other things, the trustee’s alleged failure to (i) enforce repurchase obligations of mortgage loan sellers for purported breaches of representations and warranties, (ii) notify investors of alleged events of default purportedly caused by breaches by mortgage loan servicers, and (iii) abide by appropriate standards of care following alleged events of default. Relief sought includes money damages in an unspecified amount, reimbursement of expenses, and equitable relief. Other cases alleging similar causes of action have been filed against Wells Fargo Bank and other trustees in the same court by RMBS investors in these and other transactions, and these cases have been consolidated before the same judge. On January 19, 2016, an order was entered in connection with the complaint in which the District Court for the Southern District of New York declined to exercise jurisdiction over 261 RMBS trusts at issue in the complaint. The District Court has also allowed all plaintiffs to file amended complaints if they so chose, and three amended complaints have been filed.
There can be no assurances as to the outcome of the litigation, or the possible impact of the litigation on Wells Fargo Bank or the RMBS trusts. However, Wells Fargo Bank denies liability and believes that it has performed its obligations under the RMBS trusts in good faith, that its actions were not the cause of losses to investors and that it has meritorious defenses, and it intends to contest the plaintiffs’ claims vigorously.
Neither Wells Fargo Bank nor any of its affiliates intends to retain any certificates issued by the issuing entity or any other economic interest in this securitization, except that Wells Fargo Bank will retain $17,137,047 Certificate Balance of the RRI interest. However, Wells Fargo Bank or its affiliates may retain or own in the future certain classes of certificates. Any such party will have the right to dispose of any such certificates (other than the RRI Interest) at any time. Wells Fargo Bank will be required to retain the RRI Interest for the life of the transaction in compliance with the EU Retention Requirements.
The foregoing information set forth under this heading “—The Certificate Administrator” has been provided by Wells Fargo Bank.
For a description of any material affiliations, relationships and related transactions between the certificate administrator and the other transaction parties, see “Certain Affiliations, Relationships and Related Transactions Involving Transaction Parties”.
The certificate administrator will only be liable under the PSA to the extent of the obligations specifically imposed by the PSA. For further information regarding the duties, responsibilities, rights and obligations of the certificate administrator under the PSA, including those related to indemnification, see “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Limitation
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on Liability; Indemnification”. Certain terms of the PSA regarding the certificate administrator’s removal, replacement or resignation are described under “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Resignation and Removal of the Trustee and the Certificate Administrator” in this prospectus.
The Master Servicer
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (“Wells Fargo Bank”) will act as the master servicer under the PSA. Wells Fargo is a national banking association organized under the laws of the United States of America, and is a wholly-owned direct and indirect subsidiary of Wells Fargo & Company. On December 31, 2008, Wells Fargo & Company acquired Wachovia Corporation, the owner of Wachovia Bank, National Association (“Wachovia Bank”), and Wachovia Corporation merged with and into Wells Fargo & Company. On March 20, 2010, Wachovia Bank merged with and into Wells Fargo Bank. Like Wells Fargo Bank, Wachovia Bank acted as master servicer of securitized commercial and multifamily mortgage loans and, following the merger of the holding companies, Wells Fargo Bank and Wachovia Bank integrated their two servicing platforms under a senior management team that is a combination of both legacy Wells Fargo Bank managers and legacy Wachovia Bank managers.
Wells Fargo Bank is also a sponsor, an originator, a mortgage loan seller, the certificate administrator, the REMIC administrator, the custodian and the certificate registrar and is expected to be the initial risk retention consultation party under this securitization and an affiliate of Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Securities, Inc., the depositor, and of Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, an underwriter. In addition, Wells Fargo Bank is the certificate administrator and trustee under the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement, which governs the servicing and administration of The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan. Pursuant to an interim servicing agreement between Wells Fargo Bank and Bank of America, a sponsor, an originator and a mortgage loan seller, Wells Fargo Bank acts as primary servicer with respect to certain mortgage loans owned by Bank of America from time to time, including, prior to their inclusion in the trust fund, some or all of the Mortgage Loans that Bank of America will transfer to the depositor. There are currently no outstanding servicing advances made by Wells Fargo Bank in regards to any Mortgage Loan being transferred by Bank of America that is serviced by Wells Fargo Bank prior to its inclusion in the trust fund. Pursuant to certain interim servicing agreements between Wells Fargo Bank and MSMCH, a sponsor and a mortgage loan seller, or Wells Fargo Bank and certain affiliates of MSMCH, Wells Fargo Bank acts as primary servicer with respect to certain mortgage loans owned by MSMCH and such affiliates from time to time, including, prior to their inclusion in the trust fund, some or all of the Mortgage Loans that MSMCH will transfer to the depositor. There are currently no outstanding servicing advances made by Wells Fargo Bank in regards to any Mortgage Loan being transferred by MSMCH that is serviced by Wells Fargo Bank prior to its inclusion in the trust fund. Wells Fargo Bank acts as primary servicer with respect to certain mortgage loans it owns, including, prior to their inclusion in the trust fund, some or all of the Mortgage Loans to be transferred by Wells Fargo Bank. There are currently no outstanding servicing advances made by Wells Fargo Bank in regards to any Mortgage Loan being transferred by it that is serviced by Wells Fargo Bank prior to its inclusion in the trust fund. Wells Fargo Bank expects to enter into one or more agreements with the other sponsors to purchase the master servicing rights to the related Mortgage Loans and/or the right to be appointed as the master servicer with respect to such Mortgage Loans and to purchase the primary servicing rights to certain of the Mortgage Loans.
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The principal west coast commercial mortgage master servicing offices of Wells Fargo Bank are located at MAC A0227-020, 1901 Harrison Street, Oakland, California 94612. The principal east coast commercial mortgage master servicing offices of Wells Fargo Bank are located at MAC D1086, 550 South Tryon Street, Charlotte, North Carolina 28202.
Wells Fargo Bank has been master servicing securitized commercial and multifamily mortgage loans in excess of ten years. Wells Fargo Bank’s primary servicing system runs on McCracken Financial Solutions software, Strategy CS. Wells Fargo Bank reports to trustees and certificate administrators in the CREFC® format. The following table sets forth information about Wells Fargo Bank’s portfolio of master or primary serviced commercial and multifamily mortgage loans (including loans in securitization transactions and loans owned by other investors) as of the dates indicated:
Commercial and | As of | As of | As of | As of 3/31/2016 | ||||
By Approximate Number: | 33,354 | 33,590 | 32,701 | 32,343 | ||||
By Approximate Aggregate Unpaid Principal Balance (in billions): | $434.4 | $474.4 | $501.5 | $507.9 |
Within this portfolio, as of March 31, 2016, are approximately 23,601 commercial and multifamily mortgage loans with an unpaid principal balance of approximately $405.5 billion related to commercial mortgage-backed securities or commercial real estate collateralized debt obligation securities. In addition to servicing loans related to commercial mortgage-backed securities and commercial real estate collateralized debt obligation securities, Wells Fargo Bank also services whole loans for itself and a variety of investors. The properties securing loans in Wells Fargo Bank’s servicing portfolio, as of March 31, 2016, were located in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, Mexico, the Bahamas, the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico and include retail, office, multifamily, industrial, hospitality and other types of income-producing properties.
In its master servicing and primary servicing activities, Wells Fargo Bank utilizes a mortgage-servicing technology platform with multiple capabilities and reporting functions. This platform allows Wells Fargo Bank to process mortgage servicing activities including, but not limited to: (i) performing account maintenance; (ii) tracking borrower communications; (iii) tracking real estate tax escrows and payments, insurance escrows and payments, replacement reserve escrows and operating statement data and rent rolls; (iv) entering and updating transaction data; and (v) generating various reports.
The following table sets forth information regarding principal and interest advances and servicing advances made by Wells Fargo Bank, as master servicer, on commercial and multifamily mortgage loans included in commercial mortgage-backed securitizations. The information set forth below is the average amount of such advances outstanding over the periods indicated (expressed as a dollar amount and as a percentage of Wells Fargo Bank’s portfolio, as of the end of each such period, of master serviced commercial and multifamily mortgage loans included in commercial mortgage-backed securitizations).
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Period* | Approximate Securitized | Approximate | Approximate | |||
Calendar Year 2013 | $ 346,011,017,466 | $ 2,158,219,403 | 0.62% | |||
Calendar Year 2014 | $ 377,947,659,331 | $ 1,750,352,607 | 0.46% | |||
Calendar Year 2015 | $ 401,673,056,650 | $ 1,600,995,208 | 0.40% | |||
YTD March 31, 2016 | $ 395,092,114,230 | $ 662,618,517 | 0.17% |
* | “UPB” means unpaid principal balance, “P&I” means principal and interest advances, “PPA” means property protection advances and “YTD” means year-to-date. |
Wells Fargo Bank is rated by Fitch Ratings, Inc. (“Fitch”), S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”) and Morningstar Credit Ratings, LLC (“Morningstar”) as a primary servicer and a master servicer of commercial mortgage loans. Wells Fargo Bank’s servicer ratings by each of these agencies are outlined below:
Fitch | S&P | Morningstar | ||||
Primary Servicer: | CPS1- | Strong | MOR CS1 | |||
Master Servicer: | CMS1- | Strong | MOR CS1 |
The long-term issuer ratings of Wells Fargo Bank are “AA-” by S&P, “Aa2” by Moody’s Investors Service Inc. (“Moody’s”) and “AA” by Fitch. The short-term issuer ratings of Wells Fargo Bank are “A-1+” by S&P, “P-1” by Moody’s and “F1+” by Fitch.
Wells Fargo Bank has developed policies, procedures and controls relating to its servicing functions to maintain compliance with applicable servicing agreements and servicing standards, including procedures for handling delinquent loans during the period prior to the occurrence of a special servicing transfer event. Wells Fargo Bank’s master servicing policies and procedures are updated periodically to keep pace with the changes in the commercial mortgage-backed securities industry and have been generally consistent for the last three years in all material respects. The only significant changes in Wells Fargo Bank’s policies and procedures have come in response to changes in federal or state law or investor requirements, such as updates issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association or Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation.
Wells Fargo Bank may perform any of its obligations under the PSA through one or more third-party vendors, affiliates or subsidiaries. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Wells Fargo Bank, as the master servicer, will remain responsible for its duties under the PSA. Wells Fargo Bank may engage third-party vendors to provide technology or process efficiencies. Wells Fargo Bank monitors its third-party vendors in compliance with its internal procedures and applicable law. Wells Fargo Bank has entered into contracts with third-party vendors for the following functions:
· | provision of Strategy and Strategy CS software; |
· | tracking and reporting of flood zone changes; |
· | abstracting of leasing consent requirements contained in loan documents; |
· | legal representation; |
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· | assembly of data regarding buyer and seller (borrower) with respect to proposed loan assumptions and preparation of loan assumption package for review by Wells Fargo Bank; |
· | performance of property inspections; |
· | performance of tax parcel searches based on property legal description, monitoring and reporting of delinquent taxes, and collection and payment of taxes; and |
· | Uniform Commercial Code searches and filings. |
Wells Fargo Bank may also enter into agreements with certain firms to act as a primary servicer and to provide cashiering or non-cashiering sub-servicing on the Mortgage Loans. Wells Fargo Bank monitors and reviews the performance of sub-servicers appointed by it. Generally, all amounts received by Wells Fargo Bank on the Mortgage Loans will initially be deposited into a common clearing account with collections on other mortgage loans serviced by Wells Fargo Bank and will then be allocated and transferred to the appropriate account as described in this prospectus. On the day any amount is to be disbursed by Wells Fargo Bank, that amount is transferred to a common disbursement account prior to disbursement.
In its capacity as a master servicer, Wells Fargo Bank will not have primary responsibility for custody services of original documents evidencing the Mortgage Loans. On occasion, Wells Fargo Bank may have custody of certain of such documents as are necessary for enforcement actions involving the Mortgage Loans or otherwise. To the extent Wells Fargo Bank performs custodial functions as a servicer, documents will be maintained in a manner consistent with the Servicing Standard.
A Wells Fargo Bank proprietary website (www.wellsfargo.com/com/comintro) provides investors with access to investor reports for commercial mortgage-backed securitization transactions for which Wells Fargo Bank is master servicer, and also provides borrowers with access to current and historical loan and property information for these transactions.
Wells Fargo & Company files reports with the SEC as required under the Exchange Act. Such reports include information regarding Wells Fargo Bank and may be obtained at the website maintained by the SEC at www.sec.gov.
There are no legal proceedings pending against Wells Fargo Bank, or to which any property of Wells Fargo Bank is subject, that are material to the Certificateholders, nor does Wells Fargo Bank have actual knowledge of any proceedings of this type contemplated by governmental authorities.
Neither Wells Fargo Bank nor any of its affiliates intends to retain any certificates issued by the issuing entity or any other economic interest in this securitization, except that Wells Fargo Bank will retain $17,137,047 Certificate Balance of the RRI Interest. However, Wells Fargo Bank or its affiliates may retain or own in the future certain classes of certificates. Any such party will have the right to dispose of any such certificates (other than the RRI Interest) at any time. Wells Fargo Bank will be required to retain the RRI Interest for the life of the transaction in compliance with the EU Retention Requirements.
The foregoing information set forth under this sub-heading regarding Wells Fargo Bank has been provided by Wells Fargo Bank.
For a description of any material affiliations, relationships and related transactions between Wells Fargo Bank, in its capacity as master servicer, and the other transaction
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parties, see “Certain Affiliations, Relationships and Related Transactions Involving Transaction Parties”.
Wells Fargo Bank will have various duties under the PSA. Certain duties and obligations of Wells Fargo Bank are described under “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—General” and “—Enforcement of “Due-on-Sale” and “Due-on-Encumbrance” Provisions”. The ability of a master servicer to waive or modify any terms, fees, penalties or payments on the Mortgage Loans (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan), and the effect of that ability on the potential cash flows from such Mortgage Loans, are described under “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Modifications, Waivers and Amendments”. The master servicer’s obligations as the servicer to make advances, and the interest or other fees charged for those advances and the terms of the master servicer’s recovery of those advances, are described under “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Advances”.
Wells Fargo Bank, in its capacity as master servicer, will only be liable under the PSA to the extent of the obligations specifically imposed by the PSA. Certain terms of the PSA regarding the master servicer’s removal, replacement or resignation are described under “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Limitation on Liability; Indemnification”, “—Termination of the Master Servicer or Special Servicer for Cause—Servicer Termination Events”, “—Rights Upon Servicer Termination Event” and “—Waiver of Servicer Termination Event”. The master servicer’s rights and obligations with respect to indemnification, and certain limitations on the master servicer’s liability under the PSA, are described under “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Limitation on Liability; Indemnification” in this prospectus.
The Special Servicer
Rialto Capital Advisors, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Rialto”), will initially be appointed to act as special servicer for the Mortgage Loans to be deposited into the issuing entity (other than any Excluded Special Servicer Loan or any Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) and any Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan (in such capacity, the “Special Servicer”) and in this capacity will be responsible for the servicing and administration of such Mortgage Loans (other than any Excluded Special Servicer Loan or any Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) and Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan that are Specially Serviced Loans and any associated REO Properties, and in certain circumstances, will review, evaluate and provide or withhold consent as to certain Major Decisions and Special Servicer Decisions and other transactions relating to such Mortgage Loans (other than any Excluded Special Servicer Loan or any Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) and Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan that are non-Specially Serviced Loans, pursuant to the PSA. Rialto maintains its principal servicing office at 790 NW 107th Avenue, 4th Floor, Miami, Florida 33172.
Rialto has been engaged in the special servicing of commercial mortgage loans for commercial real estate securitizations since approximately May 2012. Rialto currently has a commercial mortgage-backed securities special servicer rating of “CSS2” by Fitch, a commercial loan special servicer ranking of “Above Average” by S&P and a commercial mortgage special servicer ranking of “MOR CS2” by Morningstar.
Rialto is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Rialto Capital Management, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“RCM”). RCM is a vertically integrated commercial real estate investment and asset manager and an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Lennar Corporation (“Lennar”) (NYSE: LEN and LEN.B). As of June 30, 2016, RCM was the sponsor of, and certain of its affiliates were investors in, nine private equity funds (collectively, the “Funds”) with an aggregate of approximately $3.5 billion of equity under management and RCM also advised one separately managed account with $400 million of committed capital. Four of such funds are focused on distressed and value-add real estate related investments
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and commercial mortgage-backed securities, three of such funds are focused on investments in commercial mortgage-backed securities and the other two funds and the separately managed account are focused on mezzanine debt and credit investments. To date, RCM has acquired and/or is managing over $7.3 billion of non- and sub-performing real estate assets, representing approximately 10,800 loans. Included in this number are approximately $3 billion in structured transactions with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). RCM was also a sub-advisor and investor in an approximately $4.6 billion Public-Private Investment Fund with the U.S. Department of the Treasury which was liquidated in October of 2012.
In addition, RCM has underwritten and purchased, primarily for the Funds, over $4.3 billion in face value of subordinate, newly-originated commercial mortgage-backed securities bonds in 62 different securitizations totaling approximately $69 billion in overall transaction size. RCM has the right to appoint the special servicer for each of these transactions.
RCM has over 400 employees and is headquartered in Miami with two other main offices located in New York City and Atlanta. In addition, the asset management platform utilizes seven satellite offices located in Nevada, Arizona, California, Colorado, Oregon, Illinois, Florida and North Carolina. It is also supported in local markets by the Lennar infrastructure which provides access to over 6,800 employees across the country’s largest real estate markets.
Rialto has detailed operating policies and procedures which are reviewed at least annually and updated as appropriate. These policies and procedures for the performance of its special servicing obligations are, among other things, in compliance with the applicable servicing criteria set forth in Item 1122 of Regulation AB under the Securities Act. Rialto has developed strategies and procedures for managing delinquent loans, loans subject to bankruptcies of the borrowers and other breaches by borrowers of the underlying loan documents that are designed to maximize value from the assets for the benefit of certificateholders. These strategies and procedures vary on a case by case basis, and include, but are not limited to, liquidation of the underlying collateral, note sales, discounted payoffs, and borrower negotiation or workout in accordance with the related servicing standard. The strategy pursued by Rialto for any particular property depends upon, among other things, the terms and provisions of the underlying loan documents, the jurisdiction where the underlying property is located and the condition and type of underlying property. Standardization and automation have been pursued, and continue to be pursued, wherever possible so as to provide for continued accuracy, efficiency, transparency, monitoring and controls.
Rialto is subject to external and internal audits and reviews. Rialto is subject to Lennar’s internal audit reviews, typically on a semi-annual basis, which focus on specific business areas such as finance, reporting, loan asset management and REO management. Rialto is also subject to external audits as part of the external audit of Lennar and stand-alone audits of the FDIC transactions and the Funds. As part of such external audits, auditors perform test work and review internal controls throughout the year. As a result of this process, Rialto has been determined to be Sarbanes-Oxley compliant.
Rialto maintains a web-based asset management system that contains performance information at the portfolio, loan and property levels on the various loan and REO assets that it services. Additionally, Rialto has a formal, documented disaster recovery and business continuity plan which is managed by Lennar’s on-site staff.
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As of June 30, 2016, Rialto and its affiliates were actively special servicing approximately 1,800 portfolio loans with a principal balance of approximately $600 million and were responsible for approximately 1,300 portfolio REO assets with a principal balance of approximately $1.4 billion.
Rialto is also currently performing special servicing for 66 commercial real estate securitizations. With respect to such securitization transactions, Rialto is administering approximately 4,800 assets with an original principal balance at securitization of approximately $71 billion. The asset pools specially serviced by Rialto include residential, multifamily/condo, office, retail, hotel, healthcare, industrial, manufactured housing and other income-producing properties as well as residential and commercial land.
The table below sets forth information about Rialto’s portfolio of specially serviced commercial and multifamily mortgage loans and REO properties in commercial mortgage-backed securitization transactions as of the dates indicated:
CMBS Pools | As of | As of | As of | As of | As of | |||||
Number of CMBS Pools Named Special Servicer | 16 | 27 | 45 | 59 | 66 | |||||
Approximate Aggregate Unpaid Principal Balance(1) | $18.9 billion | $32.4 billion | $49.2 billion | $63.6 billion | $71 billion | |||||
Approximate Number of Specially Serviced Loans or REO Properties(2) | 19 | 27 | 28 | 17 | 35 | |||||
Approximate Aggregate Unpaid Principal Balance of Specially Serviced Loans or REO Properties(2) | $21 million | $101 million | $126.9 million | $141.9 million | $286 million |
(1) | Includes all commercial and multifamily mortgage loans and related REO properties in Rialto’s portfolio for which Rialto is the named special servicer, regardless of whether such mortgage loans and related REO properties are, as of the specified date, specially serviced by Rialto. |
(2) | Includes only those commercial and multifamily mortgage loans and related REO properties in Rialto’s portfolio for which Rialto is the named special servicer that are, as of the specified date, specially serviced by Rialto. Does not include any resolutions during the specified year. |
In its capacity as the Special Servicer, Rialto will not have primary responsibility for custody services of original documents evidencing the Mortgage Loans. Rialto may from time to time have custody of certain of such documents as necessary for enforcement actions involving particular Mortgage Loans or otherwise. To the extent that Rialto has custody of any such documents for any such servicing purposes, such documents will be maintained in a manner consistent with the Servicing Standard.
Rialto does not have any material advancing rights or obligations with respect to the commercial mortgage-backed securities pools as to which it acts as special servicer. In certain instances Rialto may have the right or be obligated to make property related servicing advances in emergency situations with respect to certain commercial mortgage-backed securities pools as to which it acts as special servicer.
There are, to the actual current knowledge of Rialto, no special or unique factors of a material nature involved in special servicing the particular types of assets included in this securitization transaction, as compared to the types of assets specially serviced by Rialto in other commercial mortgage-backed securitization pools generally, for which Rialto has developed processes and procedures which materially differ from the processes and procedures employed by Rialto in connection with its special servicing of commercial mortgage-backed securitization pools generally.
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There have not been, during the past three years, any material changes to the policies or procedures of Rialto in the servicing function it will perform under the PSA for assets of the same type included in this securitization transaction. No securitization transaction in which Rialto was acting as special servicer has experienced a servicer event of default as a result of any action or inaction of Rialto as special servicer, including as a result of a failure by Rialto to comply with the applicable servicing criteria in connection with any securitization transaction. Rialto has not been terminated as special servicer in any securitization, either due to a servicing default or the application of a servicing performance test or trigger. Rialto has made all advances required to be made by it under the servicing agreements related to the securitization transactions in which Rialto is acting as special servicer. There has been no previous disclosure of material noncompliance with the applicable servicing criteria by Rialto in connection with any securitization in which Rialto was acting as special servicer. Rialto does not believe that its financial condition will have any adverse effect on the performance of its duties under the PSA and, accordingly, Rialto believes that its financial condition will not have any material impact on the Mortgage Pool performance or the performance of the Certificates.
From time to time Rialto is a party to lawsuits and other legal proceedings as part of its duties as a loan servicer (e.g., enforcement of loan obligations) and/or arising in the ordinary course of business. Rialto does not believe that any such lawsuits or legal proceedings would, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on its business or its ability to service loans pursuant to the PSA.
There are currently no legal proceedings pending, and no legal proceedings known to be contemplated by governmental authorities, against Rialto or of which any of its property is the subject, which are material to Certificateholders. Rialto occasionally engages consultants to perform property inspections and to provide surveillance on a property and its local market; it currently does not have any plans to engage sub-servicers to perform on its behalf any of its duties with respect to this transaction with the exception of some outsourced base servicing functions.
In the commercial mortgage-backed securitizations in which Rialto acts as special servicer, Rialto may enter into one or more arrangements with any party entitled to appoint or remove and replace the special servicer to provide for a discount and/or revenue sharing with respect to certain of the special servicer compensation in consideration of, among other things, Rialto’s appointment as special servicer under the applicable servicing agreement and limitations on such person’s right to replace Rialto as the special servicer.
It is expected that RREF III Debt AIV, LP or another affiliate of the special servicer will be the initial Directing Certificateholder. Rialto Capital Advisors, LLC, the expected special servicer for this transaction, is an affiliate of (a) the entity or entities that are anticipated to purchase the Class F, Class G and Class V certificates and that may purchase the Class X-E, Class X-F, Class X-G and Class E certificates and (b) RREF III Debt AIV, LP or its affiliate, which is expected to be appointed as the initial Directing Certificateholder with respect to each Mortgage Loan (other than any Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan or any Excluded Special Servicer Loan). Rialto Capital Advisors, LLC is expected to act as the special servicer and it or an affiliate assisted RREF III Debt AIV, LP and/or one or more of its affiliates with its due diligence of the Mortgage Loans prior to the Closing Date.
Except as described above, neither Rialto nor any of its affiliates intends to retain any certificates issued by the issuing entity or any other economic interest in this securitization. Any such party will have the right to dispose of such certificates at any time.
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The information set forth under this sub-heading “—The Special Servicer” regarding Rialto has been provided by Rialto.
The Operating Advisor and Asset Representations Reviewer
Park Bridge Lender Services LLC (“Park Bridge Lender Services”), a New York limited liability company and an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Park Bridge Financial LLC (“Park Bridge Financial”), will act as operating advisor and asset representations reviewer under the PSA with respect to each Mortgage Loan (other than any Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan). Park Bridge Lender Services has an address at 600 Third Avenue, 40th Floor, New York, New York 10016 and its telephone number is (212) 230-9090.
Park Bridge Financial is a privately held commercial real estate finance advisory firm headquartered in New York, New York. Since its founding in 2009, Park Bridge Financial and its affiliates have been engaged by commercial banks (community, regional and multi-national), opportunity funds, REITs, investment banks, insurance companies, entrepreneurs and hedge funds on a wide variety of advisory assignments. These engagements have included: mortgage brokerage, loan syndication, contract underwriting, valuations, risk assessments, surveillance, litigation support, expert testimony, loan restructures as well as the disposition of commercial mortgages and related collateral.
Park Bridge Financial’s technology platform is server-based with back-up, disaster recovery and encryption services performed by vendors and data centers that comply with industry and regulatory standards.
As of June 30, 2016, Park Bridge Lender Services was acting as operating advisor or trust advisor for commercial mortgage-backed securities transactions with an approximate aggregate initial principal balance of $85.7 billion issued in 83 transactions.
As of June 30, 2016, Park Bridge Lender Services was acting as asset representations reviewer for commercial mortgage-backed securities transactions with an approximate aggregate initial principal balance of $12.1 billion issued in 15 transactions.
There are no legal proceedings pending against Park Bridge Lender Services, or to which any property of Park Bridge Lender Services is subject, that are material to the Certificateholders, nor does Park Bridge Lender Services have actual knowledge of any proceedings of this type contemplated by governmental authorities.
The foregoing information under this heading “Transaction Parties—The Operating Advisor and Asset Representations Reviewer” has been provided by Park Bridge Lender Services.
For a description of any material affiliations, relationships and related transactions between the operating advisor, the asset representations reviewer and the other transaction parties, see “Certain Affiliations, Relationships and Related Transactions Involving Transaction Parties” in this prospectus.
The operating advisor and the asset representations reviewer will only be liable under the PSA to the extent of the obligations specifically imposed by the PSA, and no implied duties or obligations may be asserted against the operating advisor or the asset representations reviewer. For further information regarding the duties, responsibilities, rights and obligations of the operating advisor and the asset representations reviewer, as the case may be, under the PSA, including those related to indemnification, see “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—The Operating Advisor”, “—The Asset Representations Reviewer”
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and “—Limitation on Liability; Indemnification”. Certain terms of the PSA regarding the operating advisor’s or asset representations reviewer’s, as the case may be, removal, replacement, resignation or transfer are described under “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—The Operating Advisor” and “—The Asset Representations Reviewer” in this prospectus.
Credit Risk Retention
General
The RRI Interest is intended to meet the definition of a “single vertical security” that would be an “eligible vertical interest” (as such terms are defined in Regulation RR implementing the risk retention requirements of Section 15G of the Exchange Act (the “Credit Risk Retention Rules”)) if this securitization were subject to the Credit Risk Retention Rules and Wells Fargo Bank were acting as the retaining sponsor under the Credit Risk Retention Rules. While Wells Fargo Bank, Bank of America and Morgan Stanley Bank (the “Retaining Parties”) will retain the indicated amount of the RRI Interest, the credit risk retention requirements under the Credit Risk Retention Rules nonetheless do not apply to this securitization, and none of the issuing entity, the depositor, the underwriters or the Retaining Parties makes any representation as to compliance with the Credit Risk Retention Rules. Further, the references herein to Wells Fargo Bank acting as retaining sponsor in this prospectus do not obligate Wells Fargo Bank to act in accordance with the Credit Risk Retention Rules. However, the EU Retention Requirements will apply to this securitization and the Retaining Parties expect to comply with those applicable requirements. See “EU Securitization Risk Retention Requirements” below.
The RRI Interest will have an aggregate Certificate Balance as of the Closing Date of approximately $43,527,883 and an effective interest rate equal to the WAC Rate. If this securitization transaction were subject to the Credit Risk Retention Rules and Wells Fargo Bank were acting as the retaining sponsor, Wells Fargo Bank would be permitted to offset the amount of its required risk retention by the portions of the RRI Interest acquired by each of Bank of America and Morgan Stanley Bank, as originators of one or more of the securitized assets. For a description of the originators, see “Transaction Parties—The Sponsors and Mortgage Loan Sellers”.
On the Closing Date, Wells Fargo Bank, a national banking association, will purchase from the Depositor and retain $17,137,047 of the RRI Interest, representing approximately 39.4% of the aggregate Certificate Balance of all of the RRI Interest, through a reduction in the price received from the depositor for the mortgage loans sold by it to the depositor on the Closing Date. Bank of America, a national banking association, will purchase from the Depositor and retain $15,437,640 of the RRI Interest, representing approximately 35.5% of the aggregate Certificate Balance of all of the outstanding RRI Interest, through a reduction in the price received from the depositor for the mortgage loans sold by it to the depositor on the Closing Date. Bank of America originated approximately 35.5% of the aggregate Initial Pool Balance, which is at least 20% of the total Initial Pool Balance and is equal to its percentage ownership of the aggregate Certificate Balance of all of the outstanding RRI Interest, in accordance with Rule 11(a)(1) of the Credit Risk Retention Rules. Morgan Stanley Bank, a national banking association, will purchase from the Depositor and retain $10,953,196 of the RRI Interest, representing approximately 25.2% of the aggregate Certificate Balance of all of the outstanding RRI Interest, through a reduction in the price received from the depositor for the mortgage loans sold by it to the depositor on the Closing Date. Morgan Stanley Bank, an affiliate of MSMCH, originated approximately 25.2% of the aggregate Initial Pool Balance, which is at least 20% of the total Initial Pool Balance and is
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equal to its percentage ownership of the aggregate Certificate Balance of all of the outstanding RRI Interest, in accordance with Rule 11(a)(1) of the Credit Risk Retention Rules.
RRI Interest
Retained Certificate Available Funds
The amount available for distribution to the holders of the RRI Interest on each Distribution Date will, in general, equal the sum of (i) the Required Credit Risk Retention Percentage of the Aggregate Available Funds (described under “Description of the Certificates—Distributions—Available Funds”) for such Distribution Date and (ii) the Retained Certificate Gain-on-Sale Remittance Amount for such Distribution Date (such amount, the “Retained Certificate Available Funds”).
The “Retained Certificate Gain-on-Sale Remittance Amount” for each Distribution Date will be equal to the lesser of (i) the amount on deposit in the Retained Certificate Gain-on-Sale Reserve Account on such Distribution Date, and (ii) the Required Credit Risk Retention Percentage of the Aggregate Gain-on-Sale Entitlement Amount (described under “Description of the Certificates—Distributions—Available Funds”).
Priority of Distributions
On each Distribution Date, for so long as the aggregate Certificate Balance of the RRI Interest has not been reduced to zero, the certificate administrator is required to apply amounts on deposit in the Distribution Account, to the extent of the Retained Certificate Available Funds, in the following order of priority:
First, to the RRI Interest, in respect of interest, up to an amount equal to the Retained Certificate Interest Distribution Amount for such Distribution Date;
Second, to the RRI Interest, in reduction of the Certificate Balance thereof, an amount equal to the Retained Certificate Principal Distribution Amount for such Distribution Date, until the Certificate Balance of the RRI Interest has been reduced to zero; and
Third, to the RRI Interest, up to an amount equal to the unreimbursed Retained Certificate Realized Losses previously allocated to such class, plus interest in an amount equal to the product of (A) the Risk Retention Allocation Percentage and (B) the aggregate amount of interest on reimbursed Realized Losses distributed to the holders of the Regular Certificates (other than the RRI Interest) pursuant to clauses Third, Sixth, Ninth, Twelfth, Fifteenth, Eighteenth, Twenty-first and Twenty-fourth in “Description of the Certificates—Distributions—Priority of Distributions” in this prospectus;
provided, however, that to the extent any Retained Certificate Available Funds remain in the Distribution Account after applying amounts as set forth in clauses First through Third above, any such amounts will be disbursed to the Class R certificates, as the REMIC residual interest, in compliance with the Code and applicable REMIC Regulations. The REMIC residual interest, sometimes commonly referred to as a “non-economic residual”, is a tax-based certificate required to be issued as part of any REMIC securitization and the holder of that interest will incur any tax liability of the REMIC trust. The REMIC residual interest is not entitled to any interest or principal in the securitization trust; however, REMIC Regulations require that the amount, if any, remaining in a REMIC trust after all amounts are paid to the regular interests be paid to the REMIC residual interest.
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The effective interest rate on the RRI Interest will be a per annum rate equal to the WAC Rate for the related Distribution Date.
The “Non-Retained Percentage” is 95%.
The “Retained Certificate Interest Distribution Amount” with respect to any Distribution Date and the RRI Interest will equal the product of (A) the Risk Retention Allocation Percentage and (B) the aggregate amount of interest distributed on the Regular Certificates according to clauses First, Fourth, Seventh, Tenth, Thirteenth, Sixteenth, Nineteenth and Twenty-second in “Description of the Certificates—Distributions—Priority of Distributions” in this prospectus.
The “Retained Certificate Principal Distribution Amount” with respect to any Distribution Date and the RRI Interest will equal the product of (a) the Risk Retention Allocation Percentage and (b) the aggregate amount of principal distributed on the Regular Certificates according to clauses Second, Fifth, Eighth, Eleventh, Fourteenth, Seventeenth, Twentieth and Twenty-third in “Description of the Certificates—Distributions—Priority of Distributions” in this prospectus.
The “Risk Retention Allocation Percentage” will equal the Required Credit Risk Retention Percentage divided by the Non-Retained Percentage.
Allocation of Retained Certificate Realized Losses
The certificate administrator will be required to allocate any Retained Certificate Realized Losses to the RRI Interest.
The “Retained Certificate Realized Loss” with respect to any Distribution Date is the amount, if any, by which (i) the product of (A) the Required Credit Risk Retention Percentage and (B) the aggregate Stated Principal Balance of the Mortgage Loans (for purposes of this calculation only, not giving effect to any reductions of the Stated Principal Balance for payments of principal collected on the Mortgage Loans that were used to reimburse any Workout-Delayed Reimbursement Amounts to the extent such Workout-Delayed Reimburse Amounts are not otherwise determined to be Nonrecoverable Advances) of the Mortgage Loans and any REO Loans (excluding any portion allocable to the related Companion Loan, if applicable) expected to be outstanding immediately following such Distribution Date, is less than (ii) the Certificate Balance of the RRI Interest after giving effect to distributions of principal on such Distribution Date.
Excess Interest
On each Distribution Date, the certificate administrator is required to distribute a portion of any Excess Interest received with respect to an ARD Loan on or prior to the related Determination Date to the holders of the RRI Interest in an amount equal to the Required Credit Risk Retention Percentage of such Excess Interest distributable to all Certificates (including the RRI Interest). Excess Interest will not be available to make distributions to any other class of certificates (other than the Class V certificates as described in “Description of the Certificates—Distributions—Excess Interest”) or to provide credit support for other classes of certificates or offset any interest shortfalls or to pay any other amounts to any other party under the PSA.
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Qualifying CRE Loans
The Retaining Parties have determined that 0.0% of the Initial Pool Balance (the “Qualifying CRE Loan Percentage”) is comprised of mortgage loans that are “qualifying CRE loans” as such term is described in §___.17 of the Credit Risk Retention Rules.
The total required credit risk retention percentage (the “Required Credit Risk Retention Percentage”) for this transaction is 5.0%. The Required Credit Risk Retention Percentage is equal to the product of (i) 1 minus the Qualifying CRE Loan Percentage (expressed as a decimal) and (ii) 5%; subject to a minimum Required Credit Risk Retention Percentage of no less than 2.50% if the issuing entity includes any non-qualifying CRE loans.
EU Securitization Risk Retention Requirements
The Retaining Parties will enter into on the Closing Date an agreement with the issuing entity, the depositor, the certificate administrator and the trustee (the “Credit Risk Retention Agreement”) under which each Retaining Party will, among other things, give certain covenants and representations for the purpose of the EU Retention Requirements.
“EU Retention Requirements” means, together, the risk retention requirements set out in:
(a) Articles 404 to 410 of the European Union Regulation (EU) No 2013/575/EU (the “Capital Requirements Regulation”), as supplemented by Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 625/2014, including any further technical standards and guidance published in relation thereto as may be effective from time to time;
(b) Article 254-257 of the European Union Regulation (EU) No 2015/35 (the “Solvency II Regulation”), including any technical standards and guidance published in relation thereto as may be effective from time to time; and
(c) Articles 50-56 of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 231/2013 (the “AIFM Regulation”), including any technical standards and guidance published in relation thereto as may be effective from time to time.
Under the Credit Risk Retention Agreement, each Retaining Party will covenant for the benefit of the issuing entity, the depositor, the certificate administrator, the trustee and each other Retaining Party, for so long as any certificates are outstanding:
(a) to hold and retain as originator on an ongoing basis a material net economic interest in the transaction described in this prospectus in the form specified in paragraph (a) of Article 405(1) of the Capital Requirements Regulation as supplemented by Article 5(1)(c) of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 625/2014 which provides that a retention in the form specified in paragraph (a) of Article 405(1) may also be achieved by retention of a vertical tranche which has a nominal value of no less than 5% of the total nominal value of all the issued tranches of certificates, by purchasing and retaining the amount of the RRI Interest specified as to be purchased and retained by such Retaining Party under “Credit Risk Retention—General”;
(b) that neither it nor any of its affiliates will sell, transfer, hedge or otherwise mitigate its credit risk (including in connection with the entry into any financing arrangements) under or associated with its net economic interest specified in paragraph (a) or the portfolio of mortgage loans, where to do so would cause the transaction
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described in this prospectus to cease to be compliant with the EU Retention Requirements (the “Hedging Covenant”);
(c) subject to any regulatory requirements, (i) to take such further action, provide such information, on a confidential basis, (including the information referred to in Article 409 of the Capital Requirements Regulation, Article 52(e) and (f) of the AIFM Regulation or Article 256(d) of the Solvency II Regulation) and enter into such other agreements in each case as may reasonably be required to satisfy the EU Retention Requirements; provided that the Retaining Party will not be in breach of this covenant if it fails to comply due to events, actions and circumstances beyond its control and (ii) to provide to the issuing entity, on a confidential basis, information in the possession of such Retaining Party relating to its holding of the RRI Interest, at the cost and expense of the party seeking such information, and to the extent the same under sub-clause (a) or (b) of this section is not subject to a duty of confidentiality, at any time prior to the maturity of the certificates;
(d) to confirm its continued compliance with the covenant set out at sub-paragraph (a) above to the issuing entity, the depositor, the trustee and the certificate administrator, in each case in writing (which may be by way of email) upon the request of the issuing entity, the certificate administrator or the trustee (A) following a material change in the performance of the certificates or the risk characteristics of the certificates or of the underlying portfolio of Mortgage Loans and (B) following a breach of the obligations included in the PSA of which such Retaining Party is aware; and
(e) to notify promptly the issuing entity, the trustee, the certificate administrator and each other Retaining Party if for any reason (i) it ceases to hold the amount of the RRI Interest specified as to be purchased and retained by such Retaining Party under “Credit Risk Retention—General” above in accordance with clause (a) above, (ii) it fails to comply with the covenant set out in clause (b) above in any respect, (iii) it fails to comply with the covenant set out in clause (c) above in any material respect, or (iv) any of the representations and warranties of such Retaining Party contained in the Credit Risk Retention Agreement were untrue on the date given.
Under the Credit Risk Retention Agreement, each Retaining Party will represent and warrant to the issuing entity, the depositor, the trustee and each other Retaining Party that:
(a) in relation to each mortgage loan sold by such Retaining Party, either (i) such Retaining Party purchased such mortgage loan for its own account prior to selling it to the depositor in accordance with Article 4(1)(13)(b) of the Capital Requirements Regulation; or (ii) such Retaining Party either itself or through related entities, directly or indirectly, was involved in the original agreement which created such mortgage loan in accordance with Article 4(1)(13)(b) of the Capital Requirements Regulation; and
(b) (i) the aggregate principal amount of the mortgage loans in the Mortgage Pool sold by such Retaining Party to the depositor as a percentage of the Initial Pool Balance is equal to (ii) the amount of the RRI Interest specified as to be purchased and retained by such Retaining Party under “Credit Risk Retention—General” above as a percentage of the aggregate amount of the RRI Interest.
The issuing entity, the depositor and the trustee are each parties to the Credit Risk Retention Agreement solely for the purposes of obtaining the benefit of the representations, warranties and covenants contained therein and under no circumstances will any of them be deemed to have undertaken any obligations thereunder or by virtue of their entry into the Credit Risk Retention Agreement.
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Under the PSA, the certificate administrator will include in each Distribution Date Statement a statement that there is available on the website of the certificate administrator information regarding ongoing compliance by each Retaining Party with the Retention Covenant and the Hedging Covenant and the URL of the relevant page on the website. The certificate administrator will establish a page on its website on which there will be specified in respect of each Retaining Party:
(a) the original principal amount of the RRI Interest of which such Retaining Party is the registered holder and whether such amount matches that amount which such Retaining Party has committed to retain under the Credit Risk Retention Agreement; and
(b) (i) unless the Retaining Party has provided notice to the contrary in respect of a Retaining Party, a statement (without verification) that the RRI Interest of each Retaining Party is complying with the Hedging Covenant and (ii) in the case that the certificate administrator has received a notification that a Retaining Party has failed to comply with the Hedging Covenant, a statement of such non-compliance and all details in relation to the same contained in such notification.
Prospective investors should consider the discussion in “Risk Factors—EU Risk Retention and Due Diligence Requirements”.
Description of the Certificates
General
The certificates will be issued pursuant to a pooling and servicing agreement, among the depositor, the master servicer, the special servicer, the trustee, the certificate administrator, the operating advisor and the asset representations reviewer (the “PSA”) and will represent in the aggregate the entire ownership interest in the issuing entity. The assets of the issuing entity will consist of: (1) the Mortgage Loans and all payments under and proceeds of the Mortgage Loans received after the Cut-off Date (exclusive of payments of principal and/or interest due on or before the Cut-off Date and interest relating to periods prior to, but due after, the Cut-off Date); (2) any REO Property but, with respect to any Whole Loan, only to the extent of the issuing entity’s interest in such Whole Loan; (3) those funds or assets as from time to time are deposited in the accounts discussed in “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Accounts” (such accounts collectively, the “Securitization Accounts”) (but, with respect to any Whole Loan, only to the extent of the issuing entity’s interest in such Whole Loan), if established; (4) the rights of the mortgagee under all insurance policies with respect to its Mortgage Loans; and (5) certain rights of the depositor under each MLPA relating to Mortgage Loan document delivery requirements and the representations and warranties of each mortgage loan seller regarding the Mortgage Loans it sold to the depositor.
The Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2016-BNK1 will consist of the following classes: the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-SB certificates (collectively, with the Class A-S certificates, the “Class A Certificates”), the Class X-A, Class X-B, Class X-D, Class X-E, Class X-F and Class X-G certificates (collectively, the “Class X Certificates”), and the Class A-S, Class B, Class C, Class D, Class E, Class F, Class G, Class V, and Class R certificates and a REMIC regular interest in certificated form representing the RRI interest (the “RRI Interest”).
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The Class A Certificates (other than the Class A-S certificates) and the Class X Certificates are referred to collectively in this prospectus as the “Senior Certificates”. The Class A-S, Class B, Class C, Class D, Class E, Class F and Class G certificates are referred to collectively in this prospectus as the “Subordinate Certificates”. The Class R certificates are sometimes referred to in this prospectus as the “Residual Certificates”. The Senior Certificates, the Subordinate Certificates and the RRI Interest are collectively referred to in this prospectus as the “Regular Certificates”. The Senior Certificates (other than the Class X-A, Class X-B, Class X-D, Class X-E, Class X-F and Class X-G certificates), the Subordinate Certificates and the RRI Interest are collectively referred to in this prospectus as the “Principal Balance Certificates”. The Class A Certificates and the Class X-A, Class X-B, Class B and Class C certificates are also referred to in this prospectus as the “Offered Certificates”.
The Senior Certificates and the Subordinate Certificates are collectively referred to in this prospectus as the “Non-Retained Certificates”.
Upon initial issuance, the Principal Balance Certificates will have the respective Certificate Balances, and the Class X Certificates will have the respective Notional Amounts, shown below (in each case, subject to a variance of plus or minus 5%):
Class or Interest | Approx. Initial | |||
Offered Certificates | ||||
A-1 | $ | 36,136,000 | ||
A-2 | $ | 230,000,000 | ||
A-3 | $ | 267,018,000 | ||
A-SB | $ | 45,766,000 | ||
A-S | $ | 67,197,000 | ||
X-A | $ | 578,920,000 | ||
X-B | $ | 150,933,000 | ||
B | $ | 44,452,000 | ||
C | $ | 39,284,000 | ||
Non-Offered Certificates | ||||
X-D | $ | 39,284,000 | ||
X-E | $ | 18,608,000 | ||
X-F | $ | 8,271,000 | ||
X-G | $ | 31,013,795 | ||
D | $ | 39,284,000 | ||
E | $ | 18,608,000 | ||
F | $ | 8,271,000 | ||
G | $ | 31,013,795 | ||
V | NAP | |||
R | NAP | |||
Non-Offered Eligible Vertical Interest | ||||
RRI Interest | $ | 43,527,883 |
The “Certificate Balance” of any class of Principal Balance Certificates outstanding at any time represents the maximum amount that its holders are entitled to receive as distributions allocable to principal from the cash flow on the Mortgage Loans and the other assets in the issuing entity, all as described in this prospectus. On each Distribution Date, the Certificate Balance of each class of Principal Balance Certificates will be reduced by any distributions of principal actually made on, and by any Realized Losses or Retained
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Certificate Realized Losses, as applicable, actually allocated to, that class of Principal Balance Certificates on that Distribution Date. In the event that Realized Losses or Retained Certificate Realized Losses previously allocated to a class of Principal Balance Certificates in reduction of its Certificate Balance are recovered subsequent to such Certificate Balance being reduced to zero, holders of such class of Principal Balance Certificates may receive distributions in respect of such recoveries in accordance with the distribution priorities described under “—Distributions—Priority of Distributions” below and “Credit Risk Retention—RRI Interest—Priority of Distributions” above.
The Residual Certificates will not have a Certificate Balance or entitle their holders to distributions of principal or interest.
The Class X Certificates will not have Certificate Balances, nor will they entitle their holders to distributions of principal, but the Class X Certificates will represent the right to receive distributions of interest in an amount equal to the aggregate interest accrued on their respective notional amounts (each, a “Notional Amount”). The Notional Amount of the Class X-A certificates will equal the aggregate of the Certificate Balances of the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-SB certificates outstanding from time to time. The initial Notional Amount of the Class X-A certificates will be approximately $578,920,000. The Notional Amount of the Class X-B certificates will equal the aggregate of the Certificate Balances of the Class A-S, Class B and Class C certificates outstanding from time to time. The initial Notional Amount of the Class X-B certificates will be approximately $150,933,000. The Notional Amount of the Class X-D certificates will equal the Certificate Balance of the Class D certificates outstanding from time to time. The initial Notional Amount of the Class X-D certificates will be approximately $39,284,000. The Notional Amount of the Class X-E certificates will equal the Certificate Balance of the Class E certificates outstanding from time to time. The initial Notional Amount of the Class X-E certificates will be approximately $18,608,000. The Notional Amount of the Class X-F certificates will equal the Certificate Balance of the Class F certificates outstanding from time to time. The initial Notional Amount of the Class X-F certificates will be approximately $8,271,000. The Notional Amount of the Class X-G certificates will equal the Certificate Balance of the Class G certificates outstanding from time to time. The initial Notional Amount of the Class X-G certificates will be approximately $31,013,795.
The Class V certificates will not have a Certificate Balance nor will they entitle their holders to distributions of principal, but the Class V certificates will represent the right to receive their allocable portion of Excess Interest received on any ARD Loan allocated as described under “—Excess Interest” below.
“Excess Interest” with respect to an ARD Loan is the interest accrued at the Revised Rate in respect of such ARD Loan in excess of the interest accrued at the Initial Rate, plus any related interest accrued on such amounts, to the extent permitted by applicable law and the related Mortgage Loan documents.
The Mortgage Loans (exclusive of Excess Interest) will be held by the lower-tier REMIC (the “Lower-Tier REMIC”). The certificates (other than the Class V certificates and the rights of the RRI Interest to receive a portion of the Excess Interest) will be issued by the upper-tier REMIC (the “Upper-Tier REMIC”) (collectively with the Lower-Tier REMIC, the “Trust REMICs”). The Class V certificates and the rights of the RRI Interest to receive a portion of the Excess Interest will be issued by the grantor trust (the “Grantor Trust”).
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Distributions
Method, Timing and Amount
Distributions on the certificates are required to be made by the certificate administrator, to the extent of available funds as described in this prospectus, on the 4th business day following each Determination Date (each, a “Distribution Date”). The “Determination Date” will be the 11th day of each calendar month (or, if the 11th calendar day of that month is not a business day, then the next business day) commencing in September 2016.
All distributions (other than the final distribution on any certificate) are required to be made to the Certificateholders in whose names the certificates are registered at the close of business on each Record Date. With respect to any Distribution Date, the “Record Date” will be the last business day of the month immediately preceding the month in which that Distribution Date occurs. These distributions are required to be made by wire transfer in immediately available funds to the account specified by the Certificateholder at a bank or other entity having appropriate facilities to accept such funds, if the Certificateholder has provided the certificate administrator with written wiring instructions no less than 5 business days prior to the related Record Date (which wiring instructions may be in the form of a standing order applicable to all subsequent distributions) or otherwise by check mailed to the Certificateholder. The final distribution on any certificate is required to be made in like manner, but only upon presentation and surrender of the certificate at the location that will be specified in a notice of the pendency of the final distribution. All distributions made with respect to a class of certificates will be allocated pro rata among the outstanding certificates of that class based on their respective Percentage Interests.
The “Percentage Interest” evidenced by any certificate (other than a Class R or Class V certificate) will equal its initial denomination as of the Closing Date divided by the initial Certificate Balance or Notional Amount, as applicable, of the related class.
The master servicer is authorized but not required to direct the investment of funds held in the Collection Account and any Companion Distribution Account maintained by it, in U.S. government securities and other obligations that satisfy criteria established by the Rating Agencies (“Permitted Investments”). The master servicer will be entitled to retain any interest or other income earned on such funds and the master servicer will be required to bear any losses resulting from the investment of such funds, as provided in the PSA. The certificate administrator is authorized but not required to direct the investment of funds held in the Lower-Tier REMIC Distribution Account, the Upper-Tier REMIC Distribution Account, the Interest Reserve Account, the Excess Interest Distribution Account, the Gain-on-Sale Reserve Account and the Retained Certificate Gain-on-Sale Reserve Account in Permitted Investments. The certificate administrator will be entitled to retain any interest or other income earned on such funds and the certificate administrator will be required to bear any losses resulting from the investment of such funds, as provided in the PSA.
Available Funds
The aggregate amount available for distribution to holders of the certificates (including the RRI Interest) on each Distribution Date (the “Aggregate Available Funds”) will, in general, equal the sum of the following amounts (without duplication):
(a) the aggregate amount of all cash received on the Mortgage Loans (in the case of each Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan, only to the extent received by the issuing entity pursuant to the related Non-Serviced PSA) and any REO Property that is on deposit in the Collection Account (in each case, exclusive of any amount on deposit in or credited
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to any portion of the Collection Account that is held for the benefit of the holder of any related Companion Loan), as of the related P&I Advance Date, exclusive of (without duplication):
· | all scheduled payments of principal and/or interest and any balloon payments paid by the borrowers of a Mortgage Loan or Companion Loan (such amounts other than any Excess Interest, the “Periodic Payments”), that are due on a Due Date after the end of the related Collection Period, excluding interest relating to periods prior to, but due after, the Cut-off Date; |
· | all unscheduled payments of principal (including prepayments), unscheduled interest, liquidation proceeds, insurance proceeds and condemnation proceeds and other unscheduled recoveries received subsequent to the related Determination Date (or, with respect to voluntary prepayments of principal of each Mortgage Loan with a Due Date occurring after the related Determination Date, subsequent to the related Due Date) allocable to the Mortgage Loans; |
· | all amounts in the Collection Account that are due or reimbursable to any person other than the Certificateholders; |
· | with respect to each Actual/360 Loan and any Distribution Date occurring in each February or in any January occurring in a year that is not a leap year (in each case, unless such Distribution Date is the final Distribution Date), the related Withheld Amount to the extent those funds are on deposit in the Collection Account; |
· | all Excess Interest allocable to the Mortgage Loans (which is separately distributed to the Class V certificates and the RRI Interest); |
· | all Yield Maintenance Charges and Prepayment Premiums; |
· | all amounts deposited in the Collection Account in error; and |
· | any late payment charges or accrued interest on a Mortgage Loan actually collected thereon and allocable to the default interest rate for such Mortgage Loan, to the extent permitted by law, excluding any interest calculated at the Mortgage Rate for the related Mortgage Loan; |
(b) if and to the extent not already included in clause (a), the aggregate amount transferred from the REO Account allocable to the Mortgage Loans to the Collection Account for such Distribution Date;
(c) all Compensating Interest Payments made by the master servicer with respect to the Mortgage Loans with respect to such Distribution Date and P&I Advances made by the master servicer or the trustee, as applicable, with respect to the Distribution Date (net of certain amounts that are due or reimbursable to persons other than the Certificateholders); and
(d) with respect to each Actual/360 Loan and any Distribution Date occurring in each March (or February, if such Distribution Date is the final Distribution Date), the related Withheld Amounts as required to be deposited in the Lower-Tier REMIC Distribution Account pursuant to the PSA.
The amount available for distribution to holders of the Regular Certificates (other than the RRI Interest) on each Distribution Date will, in general, equal the sum of (i) the Non-
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Retained Percentage of the Aggregate Available Funds for such Distribution Date and (ii) the Gain-on-Sale Remittance Amount for such Distribution Date (the “Available Funds”).
The “Gain-on-Sale Remittance Amount” for each Distribution Date will be equal to the lesser of (i) the amount on deposit in the Gain-on-Sale Reserve Account on such Distribution Date, and (ii) the Non-Retained Percentage of the Aggregate Gain-on-Sale Entitlement Amount.
The “Aggregate Gain-on-Sale Entitlement Amount” for each Distribution Date will be equal to the aggregate amount of (i) the sum of (a) (x) the aggregate portion of the Interest Distribution Amount for each Class of Regular Certificates (other than the RRI Interest) that would remain unpaid as of the close of business on the Distribution Date, divided by (y) the Non-Retained Percentage, and (b) (x) the amount by which the Principal Distribution Amount exceeds the aggregate amount that would actually be distributed on the Distribution Date in respect of such Principal Distribution Amount, divided by (y) the Non-Retained Percentage, and (ii) any outstanding Realized Losses and Retained Certificate Realized Losses outstanding immediately after such Distribution Date, in each case, to the extent such amounts would occur on such Distribution Date or would be outstanding immediately after such Distribution Date, as applicable, without the inclusion of the Gain-on-Sale Remittance Amount as part of the definition of Available Funds and the Retained Certificate Gain-on-Sale Remittance Amount as part of the definition of Retained Certificate Available Funds.
The “Collection Period” for each Distribution Date and any Mortgage Loan (including any Companion Loan) will be the period commencing on the day immediately succeeding the Due Date for such Mortgage Loan (including any Companion Loan) in the month preceding the month in which that Distribution Date occurs or the date that would have been the Due Date if such Mortgage Loan (including any Companion Loan) had a Due Date in such preceding month and ending on and including the Due Date for such Mortgage Loan (including any related Companion Loan) occurring in the month in which that Distribution Date occurs. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that the last day of a Collection Period is not a business day, any Periodic Payments received with respect to Mortgage Loans or Companion Loans relating to such Collection Period on the business day immediately following such day will be deemed to have been received during such Collection Period and not during any other Collection Period.
“Due Date” means, with respect to each Mortgage Loan (including any Companion Loan), the date on which scheduled payments of principal, interest or both are required to be made by the related borrower.
Priority of Distributions
On each Distribution Date, for so long as the Certificate Balances or Notional Amounts of the Regular Certificates (other than the RRI Interest) have not been reduced to zero, the certificate administrator is required to apply amounts on deposit in the Distribution Account, to the extent of the Available Funds, in the following order of priority:
First, to the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3, Class A-SB, Class X-A, Class X-B, Class X-D, Class X-E, Class X-F and Class X-G certificates, in respect of interest, up to an amount equal to, and pro rata in accordance with, the respective Interest Distribution Amounts for such classes;
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Second, to the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-SB certificates, in reduction of the Certificate Balances of those classes, in the following priority:
(i) | prior to the Cross-Over Date: |
(a) to the Class A-SB certificates, in an amount equal to the Principal Distribution Amount for such Distribution Date, until the Certificate Balance of the Class A-SB certificates is reduced to the Class A-SB Planned Principal Balance for such Distribution Date;
(b) to the Class A-1 certificates, in an amount equal to the Principal Distribution Amount (or the portion of it remaining after payments specified in clause (a) above have been made on such Distribution Date), until the Certificate Balance of the Class A-1 certificates are reduced to zero;
(c) to the Class A-2 certificates, in an amount equal to the Principal Distribution Amount (or the portion of it remaining after payments specified in clauses (a) and (b) above have been made on such Distribution Date), until the Certificate Balance of the Class A-2 certificates is reduced to zero;
(d) to the Class A-3 certificates, in an amount equal to the Principal Distribution Amount (or the portion of it remaining after payments specified in clauses (a), (b) and (c) above have been made on such Distribution Date), until the Certificate Balance of the Class A-3 certificates is reduced to zero; and
(e) to the Class A-SB certificates, in an amount equal to the Principal Distribution Amount (or the portion of it remaining after payments specified in clauses (a), (b), (c) and (d) above have been made on such Distribution Date), until the Certificate Balance of the Class A-SB certificates is reduced to zero;
(ii) on or after the Cross-Over Date, to the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-SB certificates, pro rata (based upon their respective Certificate Balances), in an amount equal to the Principal Distribution Amount for such Distribution Date, until the Certificate Balances of the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-SB certificates are reduced to zero;
Third, to the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-SB certificates, up to an amount equal to, and pro rata, based upon the aggregate unreimbursed Realized Losses previously allocated to each such class, plus interest on that amount at the Pass-Through Rate for such class compounded monthly from the date the related Realized Loss was allocated to such class;
Fourth, to the Class A-S certificates, in respect of interest, up to an amount equal to the Interest Distribution Amount of such class;
Fifth, after the Certificate Balances of the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-SB certificates have been reduced to zero, to the Class A-S certificates, in reduction of their Certificate Balance, up to an amount equal to the Principal Distribution Amount for such Distribution Date less the portion of such Principal Distribution Amount distributed pursuant to all prior clauses, until their Certificate Balance is reduced to zero;
Sixth, to the Class A-S certificates, up to an amount equal to the aggregate of unreimbursed Realized Losses previously allocated to such class, plus interest on that amount at the Pass-Through Rate for such class compounded monthly from the date the related Realized Loss was allocated to such class;
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Seventh, to the Class B certificates, in respect of interest, up to an amount equal to the Interest Distribution Amount of such class;
Eighth, after the Certificate Balances of the Class A Certificates have been reduced to zero, to the Class B certificates, in reduction of their Certificate Balance, up to an amount equal to the Principal Distribution Amount for such Distribution Date less the portion of such Principal Distribution Amount distributed pursuant to all prior clauses, until their Certificate Balance is reduced to zero;
Ninth, to the Class B certificates, up to an amount equal to the aggregate of unreimbursed Realized Losses previously allocated to such class, plus interest on that amount at the Pass-Through Rate for such class compounded monthly from the date the related Realized Loss was allocated to such class;
Tenth, to the Class C certificates, in respect of interest, up to an amount equal to the Interest Distribution Amount of such class;
Eleventh, after the Certificate Balances of the Class A Certificates and the Class B certificates have been reduced to zero, to the Class C certificates, in reduction of their Certificate Balance, up to an amount equal to the Principal Distribution Amount for such Distribution Date less the portion of such Principal Distribution Amount distributed pursuant to all prior clauses, until their Certificate Balance is reduced to zero;
Twelfth, to the Class C certificates, up to an amount equal to the aggregate of unreimbursed Realized Losses previously allocated to such class, plus interest on that amount at the Pass-Through Rate for such class compounded monthly from the date the related Realized Loss was allocated to such class;
Thirteenth, to the Class D certificates, in respect of interest, up to an amount equal to the Interest Distribution Amount of such class;
Fourteenth, after the Certificate Balances of the Class A Certificates and the Class B and Class C certificates have been reduced to zero, to the Class D certificates, in reduction of their Certificate Balance, up to an amount equal to the Principal Distribution Amount for such Distribution Date less the portion of such Principal Distribution Amount distributed pursuant to all prior clauses, until their Certificate Balance is reduced to zero;
Fifteenth, to the Class D certificates, up to an amount equal to the aggregate of unreimbursed Realized Losses previously allocated to such class, plus interest on that amount at the Pass-Through Rate for such class compounded monthly from the date the related Realized Loss was allocated to such class;
Sixteenth, to the Class E certificates, in respect of interest, up to an amount equal to the Interest Distribution Amount of such class;
Seventeenth, after the Certificate Balances of the Class A Certificates and the Class B, Class C and Class D certificates have been reduced to zero, to the Class E certificates, in reduction of their Certificate Balance, up to an amount equal to the Principal Distribution Amount for such Distribution Date less the portion of such Principal Distribution Amount distributed pursuant to all prior clauses, until their Certificate Balance is reduced to zero;
Eighteenth, to the Class E certificates, up to an amount equal to the aggregate of unreimbursed Realized Losses previously allocated to such class, plus interest on that
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amount at the Pass-Through Rate for such class compounded monthly from the date the related Realized Loss was allocated to such class;
Nineteenth, to the Class F certificates, in respect of interest, up to an amount equal to the Interest Distribution Amount of such class;
Twentieth, after the Certificate Balances of the Class A Certificates and the Class B, Class C, Class D and Class E certificates have been reduced to zero, to the Class F certificates, in reduction of their Certificate Balance, up to an amount equal to the Principal Distribution Amount for such Distribution Date less the portion of such Principal Distribution Amount distributed pursuant to all prior clauses, until their Certificate Balance is reduced to zero;
Twenty-first, to the Class F certificates, up to an amount equal to the aggregate of unreimbursed Realized Losses previously allocated to such class, plus interest on that amount at the Pass-Through Rate for such class compounded monthly from the date the related Realized Loss was allocated to such class;
Twenty-second, to the Class G certificates, in respect of interest, up to an amount equal to the Interest Distribution Amount of such class;
Twenty-third, after the Certificate Balances of the Class A Certificates and the Class B, Class C, Class D, Class E and Class F certificates have been reduced to zero, to the Class G certificates, in reduction of their Certificate Balance, up to an amount equal to the Principal Distribution Amount for such Distribution Date less the portion of such Principal Distribution Amount distributed pursuant to all prior clauses, until their Certificate Balance is reduced to zero;
Twenty-fourth, to the Class G certificates, up to an amount equal to the aggregate of unreimbursed Realized Losses previously allocated to such class, plus interest on that amount at the Pass-Through Rate for such class compounded monthly from the date the related Realized Loss was allocated to such class; and
Twenty-fifth, to the Class R certificates, any remaining amounts.
The “Cross-Over Date” means the Distribution Date on which the Certificate Balances of the Subordinate Certificates have all previously been reduced to zero as a result of the allocation of Realized Losses to those certificates.
Reimbursement of previously allocated Realized Losses or Retained Certificate Realized Losses will not constitute distributions of principal for any purpose and will not result in an additional reduction in the Certificate Balance of the class of certificates in respect of which a reimbursement is made.
Pass-Through Rates
The interest rate (the “Pass-Through Rate”) applicable to each class of Regular Certificates (other than the RRI Interest) for any Distribution Date will equal the rates set forth below:
The Pass-Through Rate on the Class A-1 certificates will be a per annum rate equal to %.
The Pass-Through Rate on the Class A-2 certificates will be a per annum rate equal to %.
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The Pass-Through Rate on the Class A-3 certificates will be a per annum rate equal to %.
The Pass-Through Rate on the Class A-SB certificates will be a per annum rate equal to %.
The Pass-Through Rate on the Class A-S certificates will be a per annum rate equal to %.
The Pass-Through Rate on the Class B certificates will be a per annum rate equal to %.
The Pass-Through Rate on the Class C certificates will be a per annum rate equal to %.
The Pass-Through Rate on the Class D certificates will be a per annum rate equal to %.
The Pass-Through Rate on the Class E certificates will be a per annum rate equal to %.
The Pass-Through Rate on the Class F certificates will be a per annum rate equal to %.
The Pass-Through Rate on the Class G certificates will be a per annum rate equal to %.
The Pass-Through Rate for the Class X-A certificates for any Distribution Date will be a per annum rate equal the excess, if any of (a) the WAC Rate for the related Distribution Date, over (b) the weighted average of the Pass-Through Rates on the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-SB certificates for such Distribution Date, weighted on the basis of their respective Certificate Balances immediately prior to that Distribution Date.
The Pass-Through Rate for the Class X-B certificates for any Distribution Date will be a per annum rate equal to the excess, if any, of (a) the WAC Rate for the related Distribution Date, over (b) the weighted average of the Pass-Through Rates on the Class A-S, Class B and Class C certificates for the related Distribution Date, weighted on the basis of their respective Certificate Balances immediately prior to that Distribution Date.
The Pass-Through Rate for the Class X-D certificates for any Distribution Date will be a per annum rate equal to the excess, if any, of (a) the WAC Rate for the related Distribution Date, over (b) the Pass-Through Rate on the Class D certificates for the related Distribution Date.
The Pass-Through Rate for the Class X-E certificates for any Distribution Date will be a per annum rate equal to the excess, if any, of (a) the WAC Rate for the related Distribution Date, over (b) the Pass-Through Rate on the Class E certificates for the related Distribution Date.
The Pass-Through Rate for the Class X-F certificates for any Distribution Date will be a per annum rate equal to the excess, if any, of (a) the WAC Rate for the related Distribution Date, over (b) the Pass-Through Rate on the Class F certificates for the related Distribution Date.
The Pass-Through Rate for the Class X-G certificates for any Distribution Date will be a per annum rate equal to the excess, if any, of (a) the WAC Rate for the related Distribution Date, over (b) the Pass-Through Rate on the Class G certificates for the related Distribution Date.
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The Class V certificates will not have a Pass-Through Rate or be entitled to distributions in respect of interest other than their allocated portion of Excess Interest, if any, with respect to any ARD Loan, allocated as described under “—Excess Interest” below.
The “WAC Rate” with respect to any Distribution Date is equal to the weighted average of the applicable Net Mortgage Rates of the Mortgage Loans (including any Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) as of the first day of the related Collection Period, weighted on the basis of their respective Stated Principal Balances as of the first day of such Collection Period (after giving effect to any payments received during any applicable grace period).
The “Net Mortgage Rate” for each Mortgage Loan (including any Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) and any REO Loan (other than the portion of the REO Loan related to any Companion Loan) is equal to the related Mortgage Rate then in effect (without regard to any increase in the interest rate of any ARD Loan after the related Anticipated Repayment Date), minus the related Administrative Cost Rate; provided, however, that for purposes of calculating Pass-Through Rates, the Net Mortgage Rate for any Mortgage Loan will be determined without regard to any modification, waiver or amendment of the terms of the related Mortgage Loan, whether agreed to by the master servicer, the special servicer or resulting from a bankruptcy, insolvency or similar proceeding involving the related borrower. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for Mortgage Loans that do not accrue interest on a 30/360 Basis, then, solely for purposes of calculating the Pass-Through Rates and the WAC Rate, the Net Mortgage Rate of any Mortgage Loan for any one-month period preceding a related Due Date will be the annualized rate at which interest would have to accrue in respect of the Mortgage Loan on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months in order to produce the aggregate amount of interest actually required to be paid in respect of the Mortgage Loan during the one-month period at the related Net Mortgage Rate; provided, however, that with respect to each Actual/360 Loan, the Net Mortgage Rate for the one-month period (1) prior to the Due Dates in January and February in any year which is not a leap year or in February in any year which is a leap year (in either case, unless the related Distribution Date is the final Distribution Date) will be determined exclusive of Withheld Amounts, and (2) prior to the Due Date in March (or February, if the related Distribution Date is the final Distribution Date), will be determined inclusive of Withheld Amounts for the immediately preceding February and January, as applicable. With respect to any REO Loan, the Net Mortgage Rate will be calculated as described above, as if the predecessor Mortgage Loan had remained outstanding.
“Administrative Cost Rate” as of any date of determination will be a per annum rate equal to the sum of the Servicing Fee Rate, the Certificate Administrator/Trustee Fee Rate, the Operating Advisor Fee Rate, the Asset Representations Reviewer Fee Rate and the CREFC® Intellectual Property Royalty License Fee Rate.
“Mortgage Rate” with respect to any Mortgage Loan (including any Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) or any related Companion Loan is the per annum rate at which interest accrues on the Mortgage Loan or the related Companion Loan as stated in the related Mortgage Note or the promissory note evidencing such Companion Loan without giving effect to any default rate or Revised Rate.
Interest Distribution Amount
The “Interest Distribution Amount” with respect to any Distribution Date and each class of Regular Certificates (other than the RRI Interest) will equal (A) the sum of (i) the Interest Accrual Amount with respect to such class for such Distribution Date and (ii) the Interest Shortfall, if any, with respect to such class for such Distribution Date, less (B) any Excess Prepayment Interest Shortfall allocated to such class on such Distribution Date.
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The “Interest Accrual Amount” with respect to any Distribution Date and any class of Regular Certificates (other than the RRI Interest) will be equal to the interest for the related Interest Accrual Period accrued at the Pass-Through Rate for such class on the Certificate Balance or Notional Amount, as applicable, for such class immediately prior to that Distribution Date. Calculations of interest for each Interest Accrual Period will be made on 30/360 Basis.
An “Interest Shortfall” with respect to any Distribution Date for any class of Regular Certificates (other than the RRI Interest) will be equal to the sum of (a) the portion of the Interest Distribution Amount for such class remaining unpaid as of the close of business on the preceding Distribution Date, and (b) to the extent permitted by applicable law, (i) other than in the case of certificates with a Notional Amount, one month’s interest on that amount remaining unpaid at the Pass-Through Rate applicable to such class for the current Distribution Date and (ii) in the case of the certificates with a Notional Amount, one-month’s interest on that amount remaining unpaid at the WAC Rate for such Distribution Date.
The “Interest Accrual Period” for each Distribution Date will be the calendar month prior to the month in which that Distribution Date occurs.
Principal Distribution Amount
The “Aggregate Principal Distribution Amount” for any Distribution Date will be equal to the sum of the following amounts:
(a) the Scheduled Principal Distribution Amount for that Distribution Date, and
(b) the Unscheduled Principal Distribution Amount for that Distribution Date;
provided that the Aggregate Principal Distribution Amount for any Distribution Date will be reduced, to not less than zero, by the amount of any reimbursements of:
(A) Nonrecoverable Advances (including any servicing advance with respect to any Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan under the related Non-Serviced PSA reimbursed out of general collections on the Mortgage Loans), with interest on such Nonrecoverable Advances at the Reimbursement Rate, that are paid or reimbursed from principal collections on the Mortgage Loans in a period during which such principal collections would have otherwise been included in the Aggregate Principal Distribution Amount for such Distribution Date, and
(B) Workout-Delayed Reimbursement Amounts paid or reimbursed from principal collections on the Mortgage Loans in a period during which such principal collections would have otherwise been included in the Aggregate Principal Distribution Amount for such Distribution Date,
provided, further, that in the case of clauses (A) and (B) above, if any of the amounts that were reimbursed from principal collections on the Mortgage Loans (including REO Loans) are subsequently recovered on the related Mortgage Loan (or REO Loan), such recovery will increase the Aggregate Principal Distribution Amount for the Distribution Date related to the period in which such recovery occurs.
The “Principal Distribution Amount” with respect to any Distribution Date and the Principal Balance Certificates (other than the RRI Interest) will equal the sum of (a) the Principal Shortfall for such Distribution Date and (b) the Non-Retained Percentage of the Aggregate Principal Distribution Amount for such Distribution Date.
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The “Scheduled Principal Distribution Amount” for each Distribution Date will equal the aggregate of the principal portions of (a) all Periodic Payments (excluding balloon payments) with respect to the Mortgage Loans due during or, if and to the extent not previously received or advanced and distributed to Certificateholders on a preceding Distribution Date, prior to the related Collection Period and all Assumed Scheduled Payments with respect to the Mortgage Loans for the related Collection Period, in each case to the extent paid by the related borrower as of the related Determination Date (or, with respect to each Mortgage Loan with a Due Date occurring, or a grace period ending, after the related Determination Date, the related Due Date or, last day of such grace period, as applicable, to the extent received by the master servicer as of the business day preceding the P&I Advance Date) or advanced by the master servicer or the trustee, as applicable, and (b) all balloon payments with respect to the Mortgage Loans to the extent received on or prior to the related Determination Date (or, with respect to each Mortgage Loan with a Due Date occurring, or a grace period ending, after the related Determination Date, the related Due Date or, last day of such grace period, as applicable, to the extent received by the master servicer as of the business day preceding the P&I Advance Date), and to the extent not included in clause (a) above. The Scheduled Principal Distribution Amount from time to time will include all late payments of principal made by a borrower with respect to the Mortgage Loans, including late payments in respect of a delinquent balloon payment, received by the times described above in this definition, except to the extent those late payments are otherwise available to reimburse the master servicer or the trustee, as the case may be, for prior Advances, as described above.
The “Unscheduled Principal Distribution Amount” for each Distribution Date will equal the aggregate of the following: (a) all prepayments of principal received on the Mortgage Loans as of the Determination Date; and (b) any other collections (exclusive of payments by borrowers) received on the Mortgage Loans and any REO Properties on or prior to the related Determination Date whether in the form of Liquidation Proceeds, Insurance and Condemnation Proceeds, net income, rents, and profits from REO Property or otherwise, that were identified and applied by the master servicer as recoveries of previously unadvanced principal of the related Mortgage Loan; provided that all such Liquidation Proceeds and Insurance and Condemnation Proceeds will be reduced by any unpaid Special Servicing Fees, Liquidation Fees, any amount related to the Loss of Value Payments to the extent that such amount was transferred into the Collection Account during the related Collection Period, accrued interest on Advances and other additional trust fund expenses incurred in connection with the related Mortgage Loan, thus reducing the Unscheduled Principal Distribution Amount.
The “Assumed Scheduled Payment” for any Collection Period and with respect to any Mortgage Loan (including any Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) that is delinquent in respect of its balloon payment or any REO Loan (excluding, for purposes of any P&I Advances, the portion allocable to any related Companion Loan), is an amount equal to the sum of (a) the principal portion of the Periodic Payment that would have been due on such Mortgage Loan or REO Loan on the related Due Date based on the constant payment required by such related Mortgage Note or the original amortization schedule of the Mortgage Loan, as the case may be (as calculated with interest at the related Mortgage Rate), if applicable, assuming the related balloon payment has not become due, after giving effect to any reduction in the principal balance occurring in connection with a modification of such Mortgage Loan in connection with a default or a bankruptcy (or similar proceeding), and (b) interest on the Stated Principal Balance of that Mortgage Loan or REO Loan (excluding, for purposes of any P&I Advances, the portion allocable to any related Companion Loan) at its Mortgage Rate (net of interest at the applicable rate at which the Servicing Fee is calculated).
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The “Principal Shortfall” for any Distribution Date means the amount, if any, by which (1) the Principal Distribution Amount for the prior Distribution Date exceeds (2) the aggregate amount actually distributed on the preceding Distribution Date in respect of such Principal Distribution Amount.
The “Class A-SB Planned Principal Balance” for any Distribution Date is the balance shown for such Distribution Date in the table set forth in Annex E. Such balances were calculated using, among other things, certain weighted average life assumptions. See “Yield and Maturity Considerations—Weighted Average Life”. Based on such assumptions, the Certificate Balance of the Class A-SB certificates on each Distribution Date would be expected to be reduced to the balance indicated for such Distribution Date in the table set forth in Annex E. We cannot assure you, however, that the mortgage loans will perform in conformity with our assumptions. Therefore, we cannot assure you that the balance of the Class A-SB certificates on any Distribution Date will be equal to the balance that is specified for such Distribution Date in the table.
Certain Calculations with Respect to Individual Mortgage Loans
The “Stated Principal Balance” of each Mortgage Loan will be an amount equal to its unpaid principal balance as of the Cut-off Date or, in the case of a replacement Mortgage Loan, as of the date it is added to the trust, after application of all payments of principal due during or prior to the month of substitution, whether or not those payments have been received, minus the sum of:
(i) the principal portion of each Periodic Payment due on such Mortgage Loan after the Cut-off Date (or in the case of a replacement Mortgage Loan, due after the Due Date in the related month of substitution), to the extent received from the borrower or advanced by the master servicer;
(ii) all principal prepayments received with respect to such Mortgage Loan after the Cut-off Date (or in the case of a replacement Mortgage Loan, after the Due Date in the related month of substitution);
(iii) the principal portion of all Insurance and Condemnation Proceeds (to the extent allocable to principal on such Mortgage Loan) and Liquidation Proceeds received with respect to such Mortgage Loan after the Cut-off Date (or in the case of a replacement Mortgage Loan, after the Due Date in the related month of substitution); and
(iv) any reduction in the outstanding principal balance of such Mortgage Loan resulting from a valuation by a court in a bankruptcy proceeding that is less than the then outstanding principal amount of such Mortgage Loan or a modification of such Mortgage Loan pursuant to the terms and provisions of the PSA that occurred prior to the end of the Collection Period for the most recent Distribution Date.
The Stated Principal Balance of any REO Loan that is a successor to a Mortgage Loan, as of any date of determination, will be an amount equal to (x) the Stated Principal Balance of the predecessor Mortgage Loan as of the date of the related REO Property was acquired for U.S. federal tax purposes, minus (y) the sum of:
(i) the principal portion of any P&I Advance made with respect to such REO Loan; and
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(ii) the principal portion of all Insurance and Condemnation Proceeds (to the extent allocable to principal on the related Mortgage Loan), Liquidation Proceeds and all income rents and profits received with respect to such REO Loan.
See “Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans” below.
With respect to any Companion Loan on any date of determination, the Stated Principal Balance will equal the unpaid principal balance of such Companion Loan as of such date. On any date of determination, the Stated Principal Balance of any Whole Loan will equal the sum of the Stated Principal Balances of the related Mortgage Loan and the related Companion Loan(s), as applicable, on such date.
With respect to any REO Loan that is a successor to a Companion Loan as of any date of determination, the Stated Principal Balance will equal (x) the Stated Principal Balance of the predecessor Companion Loan as of the date of the related REO acquisition, minus (y) the principal portion of any amounts allocable to the related Companion Loan in accordance with the related Intercreditor Agreement.
If any Mortgage Loan or REO Loan is paid in full or the Mortgage Loan or REO Loan (or any REO Property) is otherwise liquidated, then, as of the first Distribution Date that follows the end of the Collection Period in which that payment in full or liquidation occurred and notwithstanding that a loss may have occurred in connection with any liquidation, the Stated Principal Balance of the Mortgage Loan or Whole Loan will be zero.
For purposes of calculating allocations of, or recoveries in respect of, Realized Losses and Retained Certificate Realized Losses, as well as for purposes of calculating the Servicing Fee and Certificate Administrator/Trustee Fee payable each month, each REO Property (including any REO Property with respect to a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan held pursuant to the related Non-Serviced PSA) will be treated as if there exists with respect to such REO Property an outstanding Mortgage Loan and, if applicable, each related Companion Loan (an “REO Loan”), and all references to Mortgage Loan or Companion Loan and pool of Mortgage Loans in this prospectus, when used in that context, will be deemed to also be references to or to also include, as the case may be, any REO Loans. Each REO Loan will generally be deemed to have the same characteristics as its actual predecessor Mortgage Loan (including related Companion Loan), including the same fixed Mortgage Rate (and, accordingly, the same Net Mortgage Rate) and the same unpaid principal balance and Stated Principal Balance. Amounts due on the predecessor Mortgage Loan (including related Companion Loan) including any portion of it payable or reimbursable to the master servicer, the special servicer, the operating advisor, the asset representations reviewer, the certificate administrator or the trustee, as applicable, will continue to be “due” in respect of the REO Loan; and amounts received in respect of the related REO Property, net of payments to be made, or reimbursement to the master servicer or special servicer for payments previously advanced, in connection with the operation and management of that property, generally will be applied by the master servicer as if received on the predecessor Mortgage Loan or related Companion Loan.
With respect to any Serviced Whole Loan, no amounts relating to the related REO Property or REO Loan allocable to any related Companion Loan will be available for amounts due to the Certificateholders or to reimburse the issuing entity, other than in the limited circumstances related to Servicing Advances, indemnification, Special Servicing Fees and other reimbursable expenses related to such Serviced Whole Loan incurred with respect to such Serviced Whole Loan in accordance with the PSA.
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Excess Interest
On each Distribution Date, the certificate administrator is required to distribute any Excess Interest received with respect to an ARD Loan on or prior to the related Determination Date to the holders of the Class V certificates in an amount equal to the Non-Retained Percentage of such Excess Interest. Excess Interest will not be available to make distributions to any other class of certificates (other than the RRI Interest in an amount described under “Credit Risk Retention—RRI Interest—Excess Interest”) or to provide credit support for other classes of certificates or offset any interest shortfalls or to pay any other amounts to any other party under the PSA.
Application Priority of Mortgage Loan Collections or Whole Loan Collections
Absent express provisions in the related Mortgage Loan documents (and, with respect to any Serviced Whole Loan, the related Intercreditor Agreement) or to the extent otherwise agreed to by the related borrower in connection with a workout of a Mortgage Loan, all amounts collected by or on behalf of the issuing entity in respect of any Mortgage Loan in the form of payments from the related borrower, Liquidation Proceeds, condemnation proceeds or insurance proceeds (excluding, if applicable, in the case of any Serviced Whole Loan, any amounts payable to the holder of the related Companion Loan(s) pursuant to the related Intercreditor Agreement) will be applied in the following order of priority:
First, as a recovery of any unreimbursed Advances (including any Workout-Delayed Reimbursement Amount) with respect to the related Mortgage Loan and unpaid interest at the Reimbursement Rate on such Advances and, if applicable, unreimbursed and unpaid additional trust fund expenses;
Second, as a recovery of Nonrecoverable Advances and any interest on those Nonrecoverable Advances at the Reimbursement Rate, to the extent previously paid or reimbursed from principal collections on the Mortgage Loans (as described in the first proviso in the definition of Aggregate Principal Distribution Amount);
Third, to the extent not previously allocated pursuant to clause First or Second above, as a recovery of accrued and unpaid interest on such Mortgage Loan to the extent of the excess of (i) unpaid interest (exclusive of default interest and Excess Interest) accrued on such Mortgage Loan at the related Mortgage Rate in effect from time to time through the end of the applicable mortgage interest accrual period, over (ii) after taking into account any allocations pursuant to clause Fifth below on earlier dates, the aggregate portion of the accrued and unpaid interest described in subclause (i) of this clause Third that either (A) was not advanced because of the reductions (if any) in the amount of related P&I Advances for such Mortgage Loan that have occurred in connection with related Appraisal Reduction Amounts or (B) accrued at the related Net Mortgage Rate on the portion of the Stated Principal Balance of such Mortgage Loan equal to any related Collateral Deficiency Amount in effect from time to time and as to which no P&I Advance was made;
Fourth, to the extent not previously allocated pursuant to clause First or Second, as a recovery of principal of such Mortgage Loan then due and owing, including by reason of acceleration of such Mortgage Loan following a default thereunder (or, if the Mortgage Loan has been liquidated, as a recovery of principal to the extent of its entire remaining unpaid principal balance);
Fifth, as a recovery of accrued and unpaid interest on such Mortgage Loan to the extent of the sum of (A) the cumulative amount of the reductions (if any) in the amount
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of related P&I Advances for such Mortgage Loan that have occurred in connection with related Appraisal Reduction Amounts, plus (B) any unpaid interest (exclusive of default interest and Excess Interest) that accrued at the related Net Mortgage Rate on the portion of the Stated Principal Balance of such Mortgage Loan equal to any related Collateral Deficiency Amount in effect from time to time and as to which no P&I Advance was made (to the extent collections have not been allocated as recovery of such accrued and unpaid interest pursuant to this clause Fifth on earlier dates);
Sixth, as a recovery of amounts to be currently allocated to the payment of, or escrowed for the future payment of, real estate taxes, assessments and insurance premiums and similar items relating to such Mortgage Loan;
Seventh, as a recovery of any other reserves to the extent then required to be held in escrow with respect to such Mortgage Loan;
Eighth, as a recovery of any Yield Maintenance Charge or Prepayment Premium then due and owing under such Mortgage Loan;
Ninth, as a recovery of any late payment charges and default interest then due and owing under such Mortgage Loan;
Tenth, as a recovery of any assumption fees and Modification Fees then due and owing under such Mortgage Loan;
Eleventh, as a recovery of any other amounts then due and owing under such Mortgage Loan other than remaining unpaid principal (if both consent fees and Operating Advisor Consulting Fees are due and owing, first, allocated to consent fees and then, allocated to Operating Advisor Consulting Fees);
Twelfth, as a recovery of any remaining principal of such Mortgage Loan to the extent of its entire remaining unpaid principal balance; and
Thirteenth, in the case of an ARD Loan after the related Anticipated Repayment Date, any accrued but unpaid Excess Interest,
provided that, to the extent required under the REMIC provisions of the Code, payments or proceeds received (or receivable by exercise of the lender’s rights under the related Mortgage Loan documents) with respect to any partial release of a Mortgaged Property (including in connection with a condemnation) at a time when the loan-to-value ratio of the related Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan exceeds 125%, or would exceed 125% following any partial release (based solely on the value of real property and excluding personal property and going concern value, if any, unless otherwise permitted under the applicable REMIC rules as evidenced by an opinion of counsel provided to the trustee) may be required to be collected and allocated to reduce the principal balance of the Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan) in the manner required by such REMIC provisions. With respect to The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan, amounts allocated pursuant to the foregoing waterfall will be allocated between the two (2) tranches of debt that comprise The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan in sequential order.
Collections by or on behalf of the issuing entity in respect of any REO Property (exclusive of the amounts to be allocated to the payment of the costs of operating, managing, leasing, maintaining and disposing of such REO Property and, if applicable, in the case of any Serviced Whole Loan, exclusive of any amounts payable to the holder of the related Companion Loan(s), as applicable, pursuant to the related Intercreditor Agreement) will be applied in the following order of priority:
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First, as a recovery of any unreimbursed Advances (including any Workout-Delayed Reimbursement Amount) with respect to the related Mortgage Loan and interest at the Reimbursement Rate on all Advances and, if applicable, unreimbursed and unpaid additional trust fund expenses with respect to the related Mortgage Loan;
Second, as a recovery of Nonrecoverable Advances and any interest on those Nonrecoverable Advances at the Reimbursement Rate, to the extent previously paid or reimbursed from principal collections on the Mortgage Loans (as described in the first proviso in the definition of Aggregate Principal Distribution Amount);
Third, to the extent not previously so allocated pursuant to clause First or Second above, as a recovery of accrued and unpaid interest on such Mortgage Loan to the extent of the excess of (i) unpaid interest (exclusive of default interest and Excess Interest) accrued on such Mortgage Loan at the related Mortgage Rate in effect from time to time through the end of the applicable mortgage interest accrual period, over (ii) after taking into account any allocations pursuant to clause Fifth below or clause Fifth of the prior paragraph on earlier dates, the aggregate portion of the accrued and unpaid interest described in subclause (i) of this clause Third that either (A) was not advanced because of the reductions (if any) in the amount of related P&I Advances for such Mortgage Loan that have occurred in connection with related Appraisal Reduction Amounts or (B) accrued at the related Net Mortgage Rate on the portion of the Stated Principal Balance of such Mortgage Loan equal to any related Collateral Deficiency Amount in effect from time to time and as to which no P&I Advance was made;
Fourth, to the extent not previously allocated pursuant to clause First or Second, as a recovery of principal of such Mortgage Loan to the extent of its entire unpaid principal balance;
Fifth, as a recovery of accrued and unpaid interest on such Mortgage Loan to the extent of the sum of (A) the cumulative amount of the reductions (if any) in the amount of related P&I Advances for such Mortgage Loan that have occurred in connection with related Appraisal Reduction Amounts, plus (B) any unpaid interest (exclusive of default interest and Excess Interest) that accrued at the related Net Mortgage Rate on the portion of the Stated Principal Balance of such Mortgage Loan equal to any related Collateral Deficiency Amount in effect from time to time and as to which no P&I Advance was made (to the extent collections have not been allocated as recovery of accrued and unpaid interest pursuant to this clause Fifth or clause Fifth of the prior paragraph on earlier dates);
Sixth, as a recovery of any Yield Maintenance Charge or Prepayment Premium then due and owing under such Mortgage Loan;
Seventh, as a recovery of any late payment charges and default interest then due and owing under such Mortgage Loan;
Eighth, as a recovery of any assumption fees and Modification Fees then due and owing under such Mortgage Loan;
Ninth, as a recovery of any other amounts then due and owing under such Mortgage Loan other than remaining unpaid principal (if both consent fees and Operating Advisor Consulting Fees are due and owing, first, allocated to consent fees and then, allocated to Operating Advisor Consulting Fees); and
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Tenth, in the case of an ARD Loan after the related Anticipated Repayment Date, any accrued but unpaid Excess Interest.
With respect to The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan, amounts allocated pursuant to the foregoing waterfall will be allocated between the two (2) tranches of debt that comprise The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan in sequential order.
Allocation of Yield Maintenance Charges and Prepayment Premiums
If any Yield Maintenance Charge or Prepayment Premium is collected during any particular collection period with respect to any Mortgage Loan, then on the Distribution Date corresponding to that Collection Period, the certificate administrator will pay that Yield Maintenance Charge or Prepayment Premium in the following manner: (x)(1) to each of the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3, Class A-SB, Class A-S, Class B, Class C and Class D certificates, the product of (a) the Non-Retained Percentage of such Yield Maintenance Charge or Prepayment Premium, (b) the related Base Interest Fraction for such class, and (c) a fraction, the numerator of which is equal to the amount of principal distributed to such class for that Distribution Date, and the denominator of which is the total amount of principal distributed to all Principal Balance Certificates (other than the RRI Interest) for that Distribution Date, (2) to the Class X-A certificates, the excess, if any, of (a) the product of (i) the Non-Retained Percentage of such Yield Maintenance Charge or Prepayment Premium and (ii) a fraction, the numerator of which is equal to the amount of principal distributed to the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-SB certificates for that Distribution Date, and the denominator of which is the total amount of principal distributed to all Principal Balance Certificates (other than the RRI Interest) for that Distribution Date, over (b) the amount of such Yield Maintenance Charge or Prepayment Premium distributed to the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-SB certificates as described above, and (3) to the Class X-B certificates, any remaining portion of the Non-Retained Percentage of such Yield Maintenance Charge or Prepayment Premium not distributed as described above, and (y) to the RRI Interest, the Required Credit Risk Retention Percentage of such Yield Maintenance Charge or Prepayment Premium.
“Base Interest Fraction” means, with respect to any principal prepayment of any Mortgage Loan that provides for the payment of a Yield Maintenance Charge or Prepayment Premium, and with respect to any class of Principal Balance Certificates (other than the RRI Interest), a fraction (A) the numerator of which is the greater of (x) zero and (y) the difference between (i) the pass-through rate on that class, and (ii) the applicable Discount Rate and (B) the denominator of which is the difference between (i) the mortgage interest rate on the related Mortgage Loan and (ii) the applicable Discount Rate; provided, however, that:
· | under no circumstances will the Base Interest Fraction be greater than one; |
· | if the applicable Discount Rate is greater than or equal to the mortgage interest rate on the related Mortgage Loan and is greater than or equal to the pass-through rate on that class, then the Base Interest Fraction will equal zero; and |
· | if the applicable Discount Rate is greater than or equal to the mortgage interest rate on the related Mortgage Loan and is less than the pass-through rate on that class, then the Base Interest Fraction will be equal to 1.0. |
“Discount Rate” means, with respect to any principal prepayment of any Mortgage Loan that provides for the payment of a Yield Maintenance Charge or Prepayment Premium—
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· | if a discount rate was used in the calculation of the applicable Yield Maintenance Charge or Prepayment Premium pursuant to the terms of the Mortgage Loan or REO Loan, that Discount Rate, converted (if necessary) to a monthly equivalent yield, or |
· | if a discount rate was not used in the calculation of the applicable Yield Maintenance Charge or Prepayment Premium pursuant to the terms of the Mortgage Loan, the yield calculated by the linear interpolation of the yields, as reported in Federal Reserve Statistical Release H.15 (519)—Selected Interest Rates under the heading “U.S. government securities/Treasury constant maturities” for the week ending prior to the date of the relevant prepayment (or deemed prepayment), of U.S. Treasury constant maturities with a maturity date, one longer and one shorter, most nearly approximating the maturity date or Anticipated Repayment Date, as applicable, of that Mortgage Loan or REO Loan, such interpolated treasury yield converted to a monthly equivalent yield. |
For purposes of the immediately preceding bullet, the certificate administrator or the master servicer will select a comparable publication as the source of the applicable yields of U.S. Treasury constant maturities if Federal Reserve Statistical Release H.15 is no longer published.
“Prepayment Premium” means, with respect to any Mortgage Loan, any premium, fee or other additional amount (other than a Yield Maintenance Charge) paid or payable, as the context requires, by a borrower in connection with a principal prepayment on, or other early collection of principal of, that Mortgage Loan or any successor REO Loan with respect thereto (including any payoff of a Mortgage Loan by a mezzanine lender on behalf of the subject borrower if and as set forth in the related intercreditor agreement).
“Yield Maintenance Charge” means, with respect to any Mortgage Loan, any premium, fee or other additional amount paid or payable, as the context requires, by a borrower in connection with a principal prepayment on, or other early collection of principal of, a Mortgage Loan, calculated, in whole or in part, pursuant to a yield maintenance formula or otherwise pursuant to a formula that reflects the lost interest, including any specified amount or specified percentage of the amount prepaid which constitutes the minimum amount that such Yield Maintenance Charge may be.
No Prepayment Premiums or Yield Maintenance Charges will be distributed to the holders of the Class X-D, Class X-E, Class X-F, Class X-G, Class E, Class F, Class G, Class R or Class V certificates.
For a description of Yield Maintenance Charges, see “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Certain Terms of the Mortgage Loans” and “Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans—Default Interest and Limitations on Prepayments”.
Assumed Final Distribution Date; Rated Final Distribution Date
The “Assumed Final Distribution Date” with respect to any class of certificates is the Distribution Date on which the aggregate Certificate Balance or Notional Amount of that class of certificates would be reduced to zero based on the assumptions set forth below. The Assumed Final Distribution Date with respect to each class of Offered Certificates will in each case be as follows:
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Class | Assumed Final | |
Class A-1 | August 2021 | |
Class A-2 | June 2026 | |
Class A-3 | July 2026 | |
Class A-SB | September 2025 | |
Class A-S | August 2026 | |
Class X-A | NAP | |
Class X-B | NAP | |
Class B | August 2026 | |
Class C | August 2026 |
The Assumed Final Distribution Dates set forth above were calculated without regard to any delays in the collection of balloon payments and without regard to delinquencies, defaults or liquidations. Accordingly, in the event of defaults on the Mortgage Loans, the actual final Distribution Date for one or more classes of the Offered Certificates may be later, and could be substantially later, than the related Assumed Final Distribution Date(s).
In addition, the Assumed Final Distribution Dates set forth above were calculated on the basis of a 0% CPR prepayment rate and the Structuring Assumptions. Since the rate of payment (including prepayments) of the Mortgage Loans may exceed the scheduled rate of payments, and could exceed the scheduled rate by a substantial amount, the actual final Distribution Date for one or more classes of the Offered Certificates may be earlier, and could be substantially earlier, than the related Assumed Final Distribution Date(s). The rate of payments (including prepayments) on the Mortgage Loans will depend on the characteristics of the Mortgage Loans, as well as on the prevailing level of interest rates and other economic factors, and we cannot assure you as to actual payment experience.
The “Rated Final Distribution Date” for each class of Offered Certificates will be the Distribution Date in August 2049. See “Ratings”.
Prepayment Interest Shortfalls
If a borrower prepays a Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) or Serviced Whole Loan in whole or in part, after the due date but on or before the Determination Date in any calendar month, the amount of interest (net of related Servicing Fees and any Excess Interest) accrued on such prepayment from such due date to, but not including, the date of prepayment (or any later date through which interest accrues) will, to the extent actually collected (without regard to any Prepayment Premium or Yield Maintenance Charge actually collected) constitute a “Prepayment Interest Excess”. Conversely, if a borrower prepays a Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) or Serviced Whole Loan in whole or in part after the Determination Date (or, with respect to each Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) or Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan, as applicable, with a due date occurring after the related Determination Date, the related Due Date) in any calendar month and does not pay interest on such prepayment through the following Due Date, then the shortfall in a full month’s interest (net of related Servicing Fees and any Excess Interest) on such prepayment will constitute a “Prepayment Interest Shortfall”. Prepayment Interest Excesses (to the extent not offset by Prepayment Interest Shortfalls or required to be paid as Compensating Interest Payments) collected on the Mortgage Loans (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) and any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan, will be retained by the master servicer as additional servicing compensation.
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The master servicer will be required to deliver to the certificate administrator for deposit in the Distribution Account (other than the portion of any Compensating Interest Payment described below that is allocable to a Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan) on the P&I Advance Date, without any right of reimbursement thereafter, a cash payment (a “Compensating Interest Payment”) in an aggregate amount, equal to the lesser of:
(i) the aggregate amount of Prepayment Interest Shortfalls incurred in connection with voluntary principal prepayments received in respect of the Mortgage Loans (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) and any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan (in each case other than a Specially Serviced Loan or a Mortgage Loan or any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan on which the special servicer allowed a prepayment on a date other than the applicable Due Date) for the related Distribution Date, and
(ii) the aggregate of (A) that portion of the master servicer’s Servicing Fees for the related Distribution Date that is, in the case of each Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan), Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan and REO Loan for which such Servicing Fees are being paid in such Collection Period, calculated at a rate of 0.0025% per annum, (B) all Prepayment Interest Excesses received by the master servicer during such Collection Period with respect to the Mortgage Loans (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) (and, so long as a Whole Loan is serviced under the PSA, any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan) subject to such prepayment and (C) to the extent earned on voluntary principal prepayments, net investment earnings payable to the master servicer for such Collection Period received by the master servicer during such Collection Period with respect to the applicable Mortgage Loans (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) or any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan, as applicable, subject to such prepayment. In no event will the rights of the Certificateholders to the offset of the aggregate Prepayment Interest Shortfalls be cumulative.
If a Prepayment Interest Shortfall occurs with respect to a Mortgage Loan as a result of the master servicer allowing the related borrower to deviate (a “Prohibited Prepayment”) from the terms of the related Mortgage Loan documents regarding principal prepayments (other than (v) any Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan, (w) subsequent to a default under the related Mortgage Loan documents or if the Mortgage Loan is a Specially Serviced Loan, (x) pursuant to applicable law or a court order or otherwise in such circumstances where the master servicer is required to accept such principal prepayment in accordance with the Servicing Standard, (y)(i) at the request or with the consent of the special servicer or, (ii) for so long as no Control Termination Event has occurred or is continuing and, other than with respect to an Excluded Loan as to the Directing Certificateholder or the holder of the majority of the Controlling Class, at the request or with the consent of the Directing Certificateholder or (z) in connection with the payment of any insurance proceeds or condemnation awards), then for purposes of calculating the Compensating Interest Payment for the related Distribution Date, the master servicer will pay, without regard to clause (ii) above, the aggregate amount of Prepayment Interest Shortfalls with respect to such Mortgage Loan otherwise described in clause (i) above in connection with such Prohibited Prepayments.
Compensating Interest Payments with respect to any Serviced Whole Loan will be allocated among the related Mortgage Loan and the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan in accordance with their respective principal amounts, and the master servicer will be required to pay the portion of such Compensating Interest Payments allocable to the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan to the related Other Master Servicer.
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The aggregate of any Prepayment Interest Shortfalls resulting from any principal prepayments made on the Mortgage Loans to be included in the Aggregate Available Funds for any Distribution Date that are not covered by the master servicer’s Compensating Interest Payments for the related Distribution Date and the portion of the compensating interest payments allocable to each Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan to the extent received from the related Non-Serviced Master Servicer is referred to in this prospectus as the “Aggregate Excess Prepayment Interest Shortfall”. The “Excess Prepayment Interest Shortfall” for any Distribution Date will be the Non-Retained Percentage of the Aggregate Excess Prepayment Interest Shortfall and will be allocated on that Distribution Date among each class of Regular Certificates (other than the RRI Interest), pro rata, in accordance with their respective Interest Accrual Amounts for that Distribution Date.
Subordination; Allocation of Realized Losses
The rights of holders of the Subordinate Certificates to receive distributions of amounts collected or advanced on the Mortgage Loans and allocable to the Non-Retained Certificates will be subordinated, to the extent described in this prospectus, to the rights of holders of the Senior Certificates. In particular, the rights of the holders of the Class A-S, Class B, Class C, Class D, Class E, Class F and Class G certificates to receive distributions of interest and principal, as applicable, will be subordinated to such rights of the holders of the Senior Certificates. The Class A-S certificates will likewise be protected by the subordination of the Class B, Class C, Class D, Class E, Class F and Class G certificates. The Class B certificates will likewise be protected by the subordination of the Class C, Class D, Class E, Class F and Class G certificates. The Class C certificates will likewise be protected by the subordination of the Class D, Class E, Class F and Class G certificates.
This subordination will be effected in two ways: (i) by the preferential right of the holders of a class of Non-Retained Certificates to receive on any Distribution Date the amounts of interest and/or principal allocable to the Non-Retained Certificates and distributable to them prior to any distribution being made on such Distribution Date in respect of any classes of certificates subordinate to that class (as described above under “—Distributions—Priority of Distributions”) and (ii) by the allocation of Realized Losses to classes of Non-Retained Certificates that are subordinate to more senior classes, as described below.
No other form of credit support will be available for the benefit of the Offered Certificates.
Prior to the Cross-Over Date, allocation of principal that is allocable to the Non-Retained Certificates that are Principal Balance Certificates on any Distribution Date will be made first, to the Class A-SB certificates, until their Certificate Balance has been reduced to the Class A-SB Planned Principal Balance for the related Distribution Date, second, to the Class A-1 certificates, until their Certificate Balance has been reduced to zero, third, to the Class A-2 certificates, until their Certificate Balance has been reduced to zero, fourth, to the Class A-3 certificates, until their Certificate Balance has been reduced to zero, fifth, to the Class A-SB certificates, until their Certificate Balance has been reduced to zero. On or after the Cross-Over Date, allocation of principal will be made to the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-SB certificates that are still outstanding, pro rata (based upon their respective Certificate Balances), without regard to the Class A-SB Planned Principal Balance, until their Certificate Balances have been reduced to zero. See “—Distributions—Priority of Distributions” above.
Allocation to the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-SB certificates, for so long as they are outstanding, of the entire Principal Distribution Amount for each Distribution
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Date will have the effect of reducing the aggregate Certificate Balance of the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-SB certificates at a proportionately faster rate than the rate at which the aggregate Stated Principal Balance of the pool of Mortgage Loans will decline. Therefore, as principal is distributed to the holders of the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-SB certificates, the percentage interest in the issuing entity evidenced by the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-SB certificates will be decreased (with a corresponding increase in the percentage interest in the issuing entity evidenced by the Subordinate Certificates), thereby increasing, relative to their respective Certificate Balances, the subordination afforded to the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-SB certificates by the Subordinate Certificates.
Following retirement of the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-SB certificates, the successive allocation on each Distribution Date of the remaining Principal Distribution Amount to the Class A-S certificates, the Class B certificates, the Class C certificates, the Class D certificates, the Class E certificates, the Class F certificates and Class G certificates, in that order, for so long as they are outstanding, will provide a similar, but diminishing benefit to those certificates (other than to Class G certificates) as to the relative amount of subordination afforded by the outstanding classes of certificates with later sequential designations.
On each Distribution Date, immediately following the distributions to be made to the Certificateholders on that date, the certificate administrator is required to calculate the Realized Loss and Retained Certificate Realized Loss for such Distribution Date.
The “Realized Loss” with respect to any Distribution Date is the amount, if any, by which (i) the product of (A) the Non-Retained Percentage and (B) the aggregate Stated Principal Balance (for purposes of this calculation only, the aggregate Stated Principal Balance will not be reduced by the amount of principal payments received on the Mortgage Loans that were used to reimburse the master servicer, the special servicer or the trustee from general collections of principal on the Mortgage Loans for Workout-Delayed Reimbursement Amounts, to the extent those amounts are not otherwise determined to be Nonrecoverable Advances) of the Mortgage Loans, including any REO Loans (but in each case, excluding any Companion Loan) expected to be outstanding immediately following that Distribution Date is less than (ii) the then-aggregate Certificate Balance of the Principal Balance Certificates (other than the RRI Interest) after giving effect to distributions of principal on that Distribution Date.
The certificate administrator will be required to allocate any Realized Losses among the respective classes of Principal Balance Certificates (other than the RRI Interest) in the following order, until the Certificate Balance of each such class is reduced to zero:
first, to the Class G certificates;
second, to the Class F certificates;
third, to the Class E certificates;
fourth, to the Class D certificates;
fifth, to the Class C certificates;
sixth, to the Class B certificates; and
seventh, to the Class A-S certificates.
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Following the reduction of the Certificate Balances of all classes of Subordinate Certificates to zero, the certificate administrator will be required to allocate Realized Losses among the Senior Certificates (other than the applicable Class X Certificates), pro rata, based upon their respective Certificate Balances, until their respective Certificate Balances have been reduced to zero.
Realized Losses will not be allocated to the RRI Interest, the Class V certificates or the Class R certificates and will not be directly allocated to the Class X Certificates. However, the Notional Amounts of the classes of Class X Certificates will be reduced if the related classes of Principal Balance Certificates are reduced by such Realized Losses.
In general, Realized Losses and Retained Certificate Realized Losses could result from the occurrence of: (1) losses and other shortfalls on or in respect of the Mortgage Loans, including as a result of defaults and delinquencies on the related Mortgage Loans, Nonrecoverable Advances made in respect of the Mortgage Loans, the payment to the special servicer of any compensation as described in “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing and Other Compensation and Payment of Expenses”, and the payment of interest on Advances and certain servicing expenses; and (2) certain unanticipated, non-Mortgage Loan specific expenses of the issuing entity, including certain reimbursements to the certificate administrator or trustee as described under “Transaction Parties—The Trustee” or “—The Certificate Administrator”, and certain federal, state and local taxes, and certain tax-related expenses, payable out of the issuing entity, as described under “Material Federal Income Tax Considerations”.
Losses on each Whole Loan will be allocated, pro rata, between the related Mortgage Loan and the related Pari Passu Companion Loan(s), based upon their respective principal balances. With respect to the Shops at Crystals Whole Loan, losses will be allocated first to each related Subordinate Companion Loan until each such Subordinate Companion Loan is reduced to zero and then to the related Mortgage Loan and the related Pari Passu Companion Loans, pro rata, based upon their respective principal balances.
A class of Regular Certificates will be considered outstanding until its Certificate Balance or Notional Amount, as the case may be, is reduced to zero. However, notwithstanding a reduction of its Certificate Balance to zero, reimbursements of any previously allocated Realized Losses or Retained Certificate Realized Losses, as applicable, are required thereafter to be made to a class of Principal Balance Certificates, with respect to the Non-Retained Certificates in accordance with the payment priorities set forth in “—Distributions—Priority of Distributions” above and, with respect to the RRI Interest in accordance with the payment priorities set forth in “Credit Risk Retention—RRI Interest—Priority of Distributions”.
Reports to Certificateholders; Certain Available Information
Certificate Administrator Reports
On each Distribution Date, based on information delivered to it by the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, the certificate administrator will be required to prepare and make available to each Certificateholder of record a Distribution Date Statement providing the information required under Regulation AB and in the form of Annex B relating to distributions made on that date for the relevant class and the recent status of the Mortgage Loans.
In addition, the certificate administrator will include (to the extent it receives such information) (i) the identity of any Mortgage Loans permitting additional debt, identifying
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(A) the amount of any additional debt incurred during the related Collection Period, (B) the total DSCR calculated on the basis of the mortgage loan and such additional debt and (C) the aggregate loan-to-value ratio calculated on the basis of the mortgage loan and the additional debt in each applicable Form 10-D filed on behalf of the issuing entity and (ii) the beginning and ending account balances for each of the Securitization Accounts (for the applicable period) in each Form 10-D filed on behalf of the issuing entity.
Within a reasonable period of time after the end of each calendar year, the certificate administrator is required to furnish to each person or entity who at any time during the calendar year was a holder of a certificate, a statement with (i) the amount of the distribution on each Distribution Date in reduction of the Certificate Balance of the certificates and (ii) the amount of the distribution on each Distribution Date of the applicable Interest Accrual Amount, in each case, as to the applicable class, aggregated for the related calendar year or applicable partial year during which that person was a Certificateholder, together with any other information that the certificate administrator deems necessary or desirable, or that a Certificateholder or Certificate Owner reasonably requests, to enable Certificateholders to prepare their tax returns for that calendar year. This obligation of the certificate administrator will be deemed to have been satisfied to the extent that substantially comparable information will be provided by the certificate administrator pursuant to any requirements of the Code as from time to time are in force.
In addition, the certificate administrator will make available on its website (www.ctslink.com), to the extent received from the applicable person, on each Distribution Date to each Privileged Person the following reports (other than clause (1) below, the “CREFC® Reports”) prepared by the master servicer, the certificate administrator or the special servicer, as applicable (substantially in the form provided in the PSA, in the case of the Distribution Date Statement, which form is subject to change, and as required in the PSA in the case of the CREFC® Reports) and including substantially the following information:
(1) a report as of the close of business on the immediately preceding Determination Date, containing the information provided for in Annex B (the “Distribution Date Statement”);
(2) a Commercial Real Estate Finance Council (“CREFC®”) delinquent loan status report;
(3) a CREFC® historical loan modification/forbearance and corrected mortgage loan report;
(4) a CREFC® advance recovery report;
(5) a CREFC® total loan report;
(6) a CREFC® operating statement analysis report;
(7) a CREFC® comparative financial status report;
(8) a CREFC® net operating income adjustment worksheet;
(9) a CREFC® real estate owned status report;
(10) a CREFC® servicer watch list;
(11) a CREFC® loan level reserve and letter of credit report;
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(12) a CREFC® property file;
(13) a CREFC® financial file;
(14) a CREFC® loan setup file (to the extent delivery is required under the PSA); and
(15) a CREFC® loan periodic update file.
The master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, may omit any information from these reports that the master servicer or special servicer regards as confidential. Subject to any potential liability for willful misconduct, bad faith or negligence as described under “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Limitation on Liability; Indemnification”, none of the master servicer, the special servicer, the trustee or the certificate administrator will be responsible for the accuracy or completeness of any information supplied to it by a borrower, a mortgage loan seller or another party to the PSA or a party under any Non-Serviced PSA that is included in any reports, statements, materials or information prepared or provided by it. Some information will be made available to Certificateholders by electronic transmission as may be agreed upon between the depositor and the certificate administrator.
Before each Distribution Date, the master servicer will deliver to the certificate administrator by electronic means:
· | a CREFC® property file; |
· | a CREFC® financial file; |
· | a CREFC® loan setup file (to the extent delivery is required under the PSA); and |
· | a CREFC® loan periodic update file. |
In addition, the master servicer (with respect to a Mortgage Loan that is not a Specially Serviced Loan or a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) or special servicer (with respect to Specially Serviced Loans and REO Properties), as applicable, is also required to prepare the following for each Mortgaged Property securing a Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) and REO Property:
· | Within 45 days after receipt of a quarterly operating statement, if any, commencing within 45 days of receipt of such quarterly operating statement for the quarter ending March 2017, a CREFC® operating statement analysis report but only to the extent the related borrower is required by the Mortgage Loan documents to deliver and does deliver, or otherwise agrees to provide and does provide, that information, for the Mortgaged Property or REO Property as of the end of that calendar quarter, provided, however, that any analysis or report with respect to the first calendar quarter of each year will not be required to the extent provided in the then current applicable CREFC® guidelines (it being understood that as of the date of this prospectus, the applicable CREFC® guidelines provide that such analysis or report with respect to the first calendar quarter (in each year) is not required for a Mortgaged Property unless such Mortgaged Property is analyzed on a trailing 12 month basis, or if the related Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) is on the CREFC® Servicer Watch List). |
· | Within 45 days after receipt by the special servicer (with respect to Specially Serviced Loans and REO Properties) or the master servicer (with respect to a Mortgage Loan that is not a Specially Serviced Loan or a Non-Serviced Mortgage |
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Loan) of any annual operating statements or rent rolls (if and to the extent any such information is in the form of normalized year-end financial statements that has been based on a minimum number of months of operating results as recommended by CREFC® in the instructions to the CREFC® guidelines) commencing within 45 days of receipt of such annual operating statement for the calendar year ending December 31, 2016, a CREFC® net operating income adjustment worksheet, but only to the extent the related borrower is required by the Mortgage Loan documents to deliver and does deliver, or otherwise agrees to provide and does provide, that information, presenting the computation made in accordance with the methodology in the PSA to “normalize” the full year net operating income and debt service coverage numbers used by the master servicer to prepare the CREFC® comparative financial status report. |
Certificate Owners and any holder of a Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan who are also Privileged Persons may also obtain access to any of the certificate administrator reports upon request and pursuant to the provisions of the PSA. Otherwise, until the time Definitive Certificates are issued to evidence the certificates, the information described above will be available to the related Certificate Owners only if DTC and its participants provide the information to the Certificate Owners.
“Privileged Person” includes the depositor and its designees, the initial purchasers, the underwriters, the mortgage loan sellers, the master servicer, the special servicer (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any Excluded Special Servicer), the trustee, the certificate administrator, any additional servicer designated by the master servicer or special servicer, the operating advisor, any affiliate of the operating advisor designated by the operating advisor, the asset representations reviewer, any holder of a Companion Loan who provides an Investor Certification, any Non-Serviced Master Servicer, any Other Master Servicer, any person (including the Directing Certificateholder or Risk Retention Consultation Party) who provides the certificate administrator with an Investor Certification and any nationally recognized statistical rating organization within the meaning of Section 3(a)(62) of the Exchange Act (“NRSRO”), including any Rating Agency, that delivers an NRSRO Certification to the certificate administrator, which Investor Certification and NRSRO Certification may be submitted electronically via the certificate administrator’s website; provided that in no event may a Borrower Party (other than a Borrower Party that is the special servicer) be entitled to receive (i) if such party is the Directing Certificateholder or any Controlling Class Certificateholder (each such party, as applicable, an “Excluded Controlling Class Holder”), any Excluded Information via the certificate administrator’s website unless a loan-by-loan segregation is later performed by the certificate administrator, in which case such access will only be prohibited with respect to the related Excluded Controlling Class Loans, and (ii) if such party is not the Directing Certificateholder or any Controlling Class Certificateholder, any information other than the Distribution Date Statement; provided, further, however, that, with respect to a Borrower Party that is the special servicer, such Borrower Party will be prohibited from viewing or otherwise retrieving any information solely related to any related Excluded Special Servicer Loan, which may include any asset status reports, Final Asset Status Reports (or summaries thereof), and such other information as may be specified in the PSA pertaining to such Excluded Special Servicer Loan; provided, further, however, that the special servicer will at all times be a Privileged Person, despite such restriction on information; provided, further, however, that any Excluded Controlling Class Holder will be permitted to obtain from the master servicer or the special servicer, in accordance with terms of the PSA, any Excluded Information relating to any Excluded Controlling Class Loan with respect to which such Excluded Controlling Class Holder is not a Borrower Party (if such Excluded Information is not otherwise available via the certificate administrator’s website). Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary herein, neither the
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master servicer nor the certificate administrator will have any obligation to restrict access by the special servicer or any Excluded Special Servicer to any information related to any Excluded Special Servicer Loan.
The “Risk Retention Consultation Party” will be the party selected by the holder or holders of more than 50% of the RRI Interest, by Certificate Balance, as determined by the certificate registrar from time to time. The certificate administrator and the other parties to the PSA will be entitled to assume that the identity of the Risk Retention Consultation Party has not changed until such parties receive written notice of a replacement of Risk Retention Consultation Party from a party holding the requisite interest in the RRI Interest (as confirmed by the certificate registrar). The initial Risk Retention Consultation Party is expected to be Wells Fargo Bank.
In determining whether any person is an additional servicer or an affiliate of the operating advisor, the certificate administrator may rely on a certification by the master servicer, the special servicer, a mortgage loan seller or the operating advisor, as the case may be.
“Borrower Party” means a borrower, a mortgagor, a manager of a Mortgaged Property, an Accelerated Mezzanine Loan Lender, or any Borrower Party Affiliate.
“Borrower Party Affiliate” means, with respect to a borrower, a mortgagor, a manager of a Mortgaged Property or an Accelerated Mezzanine Loan Lender, (a) any other person controlling or controlled by or under common control with such borrower, mortgagor, manager or Accelerated Mezzanine Loan Lender, as applicable, or (b) any other person owning, directly or indirectly, 25% or more of the beneficial interests in such borrower, mortgagor, manager or Accelerated Mezzanine Loan Lender, as applicable. For purposes of this definition, “control” when used with respect to any specified person means the power to direct the management and policies of such person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise and the terms “controlling” and “controlled” have meanings correlative to the foregoing.
“Accelerated Mezzanine Loan Lender” means a mezzanine lender under a mezzanine loan that has been accelerated or as to which foreclosure or enforcement proceedings have been commenced against the equity collateral pledged to secure such mezzanine loan.
“Excluded Controlling Class Loan” means with respect to the Directing Certificateholder or any Controlling Class Certificateholder, a Mortgage Loan or Whole Loan with respect to which the Directing Certificateholder or any Controlling Class Certificateholder is a Borrower Party.
“Excluded Information” means, with respect to any Excluded Controlling Class Loan, any information solely related to such Excluded Controlling Class Loan, which may include any asset status reports, Final Asset Status Reports (or summaries thereof), inspection reports related to Specially Serviced Loans conducted by the special servicer or any Excluded Special Servicer and such other information as may be specified in the PSA specifically pertaining to such Excluded Controlling Class Loan and/or the related Mortgaged Properties, other than such information with respect to such Excluded Controlling Class Loan(s) that is aggregated with information of other Mortgage Loans at a pool level.
“Excluded Loan” means (a) with respect to the Directing Certificateholder or the holder of the majority of the Controlling Class, a Mortgage Loan or Whole Loan with respect to which, as of any date of determination, the Directing Certificateholder or the holder of the majority of the Controlling Class is a Borrower Party or (b) with respect to the Risk
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Retention Consultation Party or the holder of the majority of the RRI Interest, a Mortgage Loan or Whole Loan with respect to which, as of any date of determination, the Risk Retention Consultation Party or the holder of the majority of the RRI Interest is a Borrower Party.
“Investor Certification” means a certificate (which may be in electronic form), substantially in the form attached to the PSA or in the form of an electronic certification contained on the certificate administrator’s website (which may be a click-through confirmation), representing (i) that such person executing the certificate is a Certificateholder, the Directing Certificateholder or the Risk Retention Consultation Party (in each case, to the extent such person is not a Certificateholder), a beneficial owner of a certificate, a Companion Holder or a prospective purchaser of a certificate (or any investment advisor, manager or other representative of the foregoing), (ii) that either (a) such person is the Risk Retention Consultation Party or is a person who is not a Borrower Party, in which case such person will have access to all the reports and information made available to Certificateholders via the certificate administrator’s website under the PSA, or (b) such person is a Borrower Party, in which case (1) if such person is the Directing Certificateholder or a Controlling Class Certificateholder, such person will have access to all the reports and information made available to Certificateholders via the certificate administrator’s website under the PSA other than any Excluded Information as set forth in the PSA or (2) if such person is not the Directing Certificateholder or a Controlling Class Certificateholder, such person will only receive access to the Distribution Date Statements prepared by the certificate administrator, (iii) (other than with respect to a Companion Holder) that such person has received a copy of the final prospectus and (iv) such person agrees to keep any Privileged Information confidential and will not violate any securities laws; provided, however, that any Excluded Controlling Class Holder (i) will be permitted to obtain from the master servicer or the special servicer, in accordance with terms of PSA, any Excluded Information relating to any Excluded Controlling Class Loan with respect to which such Excluded Controlling Class Holder is not a Borrower Party (if such Excluded Information is not otherwise available via the certificate administrator’s website) and (ii) will be considered a Privileged Person for all other purposes, except with respect to its ability to obtain information with respect to any related Excluded Controlling Class Loan.
A “Certificateholder” is the person in whose name a certificate (including the RRI Interest) is registered in the certificate register or any beneficial owner thereof; provided, however, that solely for the purposes of giving any consent, approval, waiver or taking any action pursuant to the PSA, any certificate (including the RRI Interest) registered in the name of or beneficially owned by the master servicer, the special servicer (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any Excluded Special Servicer), the trustee, the certificate administrator, the depositor, any mortgage loan seller, a Borrower Party, or any affiliate of any of such persons will be deemed not to be outstanding (provided that notwithstanding the foregoing, any Controlling Class certificates owned by an Excluded Controlling Class Holder will not be deemed to be outstanding as to such Excluded Controlling Class Holder solely with respect to any related Excluded Controlling Class Loan; and provided, further, that any Controlling Class certificates owned by the special servicer or an affiliate thereof will not be deemed to be outstanding as to the special servicer or such affiliate solely with respect to any related Excluded Special Servicer Loan), and the Voting Rights to which it is entitled will not be taken into account in determining whether the requisite percentage of Voting Rights necessary to effect any such consent, approval, waiver or take any such action has been obtained; provided, however, that the foregoing restrictions will not apply in the case of the master servicer, the special servicer (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any Excluded Special Servicer), the trustee, the certificate administrator, the depositor, any mortgage loan seller or any affiliate of any of such persons unless such
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consent, approval or waiver sought from such party would in any way increase its compensation or limit its obligations in the named capacities under the PSA, waive a Servicer Termination Event or trigger an Asset Review (with respect to an Asset Review and any Mortgage Loan Seller, solely with respect to any related Mortgage Loan subject to the Asset Review); provided, further, that so long as there is no Servicer Termination Event with respect to the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, the master servicer and special servicer or such affiliate of either will be entitled to exercise such Voting Rights with respect to any issue which could reasonably be believed to adversely affect such party’s compensation or increase its obligations or liabilities under the PSA; and provided, further, that such restrictions will not apply to (i) the exercise of the special servicer’s, the master servicer’s or any mortgage loan seller’s rights, if any, or any of their affiliates as a member of the Controlling Class or (ii) any affiliate of the depositor, the master servicer, the special servicer, the trustee or the certificate administrator that has provided an Investor Certification in which it has certified as to the existence of certain policies and procedures restricting the flow of information between it and the depositor, the master servicer, the special servicer, the trustee or the certificate administrator, as applicable.
“NRSRO Certification” means a certification (a) executed by an NRSRO or (b) provided electronically and executed by such NRSRO by means of a “click-through” confirmation on the 17g-5 Information Provider’s website in favor of the 17g-5 Information Provider that states that such NRSRO is a Rating Agency as such term is defined in the PSA or that such NRSRO has provided the depositor with the appropriate certifications pursuant to paragraph (e) of Rule 17g-5 under the Exchange Act (“Rule 17g-5”), that such NRSRO has access to the depositor’s 17g-5 Information Provider’s website, and that such NRSRO will keep such information confidential except to the extent such information has been made available to the general public.
Under the PSA, the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, is required to provide or make available to the holders of any Companion Loan (or their designee including the master servicer or special servicer) certain other reports, copies and information relating to the related Serviced Whole Loan to the extent required under the related Intercreditor Agreement.
Certain information concerning the Mortgage Loans and the certificates, including the Distribution Date Statements, CREFC® reports and supplemental notices with respect to such Distribution Date Statements and CREFC® reports, may be provided by the certificate administrator at the direction of the depositor to certain market data providers, such as Bloomberg, L.P., Trepp, LLC, Intex Solutions, Inc., BlackRock Financial Management Inc., Interactive Data Corporation, CMBS.com, Markit and Thomson Reuters Corporation, pursuant to the terms of the PSA.
Upon the reasonable request of any Certificateholder that has delivered an Investor Certification to the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, the master servicer (with respect to non-Specially Serviced Loans) and the special servicer (with respect to Specially Serviced Loans) may provide (or forward electronically) at the expense of such Certificateholder copies of any appraisals, operating statements, rent rolls and financial statements obtained by the master servicer or special servicer, as the case may be, at the expense of such Certificateholder; provided that in connection with such request, the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, may require a written confirmation executed by the requesting person substantially in such form as may be reasonably acceptable to the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, generally to the effect that such person will keep such information confidential and will use such information only for the purpose of analyzing asset performance and evaluating any continuing rights the Certificateholder may have under the PSA. Upon the request of any Privileged Person
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(other than the NRSROs) to receive copies of annual operating statements, budgets and rent rolls either collected by the master servicer or special servicer or caused to be prepared by the special servicer in respect of each REO Property, the master servicer or the special servicer, as the case may be, will be required to deliver copies of such items to the certificate administrator to be posted on the certificate administrator’s website. Certificateholders will not, however, be given access to or be provided copies of, any Mortgage Files or Diligence Files.
Information Available Electronically
The certificate administrator will make available to any Privileged Person via the certificate administrator’s website (and will make available to the general public this prospectus, Distribution Date Statements, the PSA, the MLPAs and the SEC EDGAR filings referred to below):
· | the following “deal documents”: |
o | this prospectus; |
o | the PSA, each sub-servicing agreement delivered to the certificate administrator from and after the Closing Date, if any, and the MLPAs and any amendments and exhibits to those agreements; and |
o | the CREFC® loan setup file delivered to the certificate administrator by the master servicer; |
· | the following “SEC EDGAR filings”: |
o | any reports on Forms 10-D, 10-K and 8-K that have been filed by the certificate administrator with respect to the issuing entity through the SEC’s Electronic Data Gathering and Retrieval (EDGAR) system; |
· | the following documents, which will be made available under a tab or heading designated “periodic reports”: |
o | the Distribution Date Statements; |
o | the CREFC® bond level files; |
o | the CREFC® collateral summary files; |
o | the CREFC® Reports, other than the CREFC® loan setup file (provided that they are received by the certificate administrator); and |
o | the annual reports as provided by the operating advisor; |
· | the following documents, which will be made available under a tab or heading designated “additional documents”: |
o | the summary of any Final Asset Status Report as provided by the special servicer; and |
o | any property inspection reports, any environmental reports and appraisals delivered to the certificate administrator in electronic format; |
o | any appraisals delivered in connection with any Asset Status Report; |
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· | the following documents, which will be made available under a tab or heading designated “special notices”: |
o | notice of any release based on an environmental release under the PSA; |
o | notice of any waiver, modification or amendment of any term of any Mortgage Loan; |
o | notice of final payment on the certificates; |
o | all notices of the occurrence of any Servicer Termination Event received by the certificate administrator or any notice to Certificateholders of the termination of the master servicer or special servicer; |
o | any notice of resignation or termination of the master servicer or special servicer; |
o | notice of resignation of the trustee or the certificate administrator, and notice of the acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee or the successor certificate administrator, as applicable; |
o | any notice of any request by requisite percentage of Certificateholders for a vote to terminate the special servicer, the operating advisor or the asset representations reviewer; |
o | any notice to Certificateholders of the operating advisor’s recommendation to replace the special servicer and the related report prepared by the operating advisor in connection with such recommendation; |
o | notice of resignation or termination of the operating advisor or the asset representations reviewer and notice of the acceptance of appointment by the successor operating advisor or the successor asset representations reviewer; |
o | notice of the certificate administrator’s determination that an Asset Review Trigger has occurred and a copy of any Asset Review Report Summary received by the certificate administrator; |
o | officer’s certificates supporting any determination that any Advance was (or, if made, would be) a Nonrecoverable Advance; |
o | any notice of the termination of the issuing entity; |
o | any notice that a Control Termination Event has occurred or is terminated or that a Consultation Termination Event has occurred or is terminated; |
o | any notice of the occurrence of an Operating Advisor Termination Event; |
o | any notice of the occurrence of an Asset Representations Reviewer Termination Event; |
o | any Proposed Course of Action Notice; |
o | any assessment of compliance delivered to the certificate administrator; |
o | any Attestation Reports delivered to the certificate administrator; and |
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o | any “special notices” requested by a Certificateholder to be posted on the certificate administrator’s website described under “—Certificateholder Communication” below; |
· | the “Investor Q&A Forum”; and |
· | solely to Certificateholders and Certificate Owners that are Privileged Persons, the “Investor Registry”. |
Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Directing Certificateholder or any Controlling Class Certificateholder, as applicable, is an Excluded Controlling Class Holder, such Excluded Controlling Class Holder is required to promptly notify the master servicer, the special servicer, the operating advisor, the trustee and the certificate administrator pursuant to the PSA and provide an Investor Certification pursuant to the PSA and will not be entitled to access any Excluded Information (unless a loan-by-loan segregation is later performed by the certificate administrator in which case such access will only be prohibited with respect to the related Excluded Controlling Class Loan(s)) made available on the certificate administrator’s website for so long as it is an Excluded Controlling Class Holder. The PSA will require each Excluded Controlling Class Holder in such new Investor Certification to certify that it acknowledges and agrees that it is prohibited from accessing and reviewing (and it agrees not to access and review) any Excluded Information. In addition, if the Directing Certificateholder or any Controlling Class Certificateholder is not an Excluded Controlling Class Holder, such person will certify and agree that they will not share any Excluded Information with any Excluded Controlling Class Holder.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing set forth in the PSA will prohibit the Directing Certificateholder or any Controlling Class Certificateholder from receiving, requesting or reviewing any Excluded Information relating to any Excluded Controlling Class Loan with respect to which the Directing Certificateholder or such Controlling Class Certificateholder is not a Borrower Party and, if such Excluded Information is not available via the certificate administrator’s website, such Directing Certificateholder or Controlling Class Certificateholder that is not a Borrower Party with respect to the related Excluded Controlling Class Loan will be permitted to obtain such information in accordance with terms of the PSA.
Any reports on Form 10-D filed by the certificate administrator will contain (i) the information required by Rule 15Ga-1(a) concerning all Mortgage Loans held by the issuing entity that were the subject of a demand to repurchase or replace due to a breach or alleged breach of one or more representations and warranties made by the related mortgage loan seller, (ii) a reference to the most recent Form ABS-15G filed by the depositor and the mortgage loan sellers, if applicable, and the SEC’s assigned “Central Index Key” for each such filer and (iii) certain account balances to the extent available to the certificate administrator.
The certificate administrator will not make any representation or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any report, document or other information made available on the certificate administrator’s website and will assume no responsibility for any such report, document or other information, other than with respect to such reports, documents or other information prepared by the certificate administrator. In addition, the certificate administrator may disclaim responsibility for any information distributed by it for which it is not the original source.
In connection with providing access to the certificate administrator’s website (other than with respect to access provided to the general public in accordance with the PSA), the
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certificate administrator may require registration and the acceptance of a disclaimer, including an agreement to keep certain nonpublic information made available on the website confidential, as required under the PSA. The certificate administrator will not be liable for the dissemination of information in accordance with the PSA.
The certificate administrator will make the “Investor Q&A Forum” available to Privileged Persons via the certificate administrator’s website under a tab or heading designated “Investor Q&A Forum”, where (i) Certificateholders and beneficial owners that are Privileged Persons may submit inquiries to (a) the certificate administrator relating to the Distribution Date Statements, (b) the master servicer or special servicer relating to servicing reports prepared by that party, the Mortgage Loans (excluding each Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) or the related Mortgaged Properties or (c) the operating advisor relating to annual or other reports prepared by the operating advisor or actions by the special servicer referenced in such reports, and (ii) Privileged Persons may view previously submitted inquiries and related answers. The certificate administrator will forward such inquiries to the appropriate person and, in the case of an inquiry relating to a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan, to the applicable party under the related Non-Serviced PSA. The certificate administrator, the master servicer, the special servicer or the operating advisor, as applicable, will be required to answer each inquiry, unless such party determines (i) the question is beyond the scope of the topics detailed above, (ii) that answering the inquiry would not be in the best interests of the issuing entity and/or the Certificateholders, (iii) that answering the inquiry would be in violation of applicable law, the PSA (including requirements in respect of non-disclosure of Privileged Information) or the Mortgage Loan documents, (iv) that answering the inquiry would materially increase the duties of, or result in significant additional cost or expense to, the certificate administrator, the master servicer, the special servicer or the operating advisor, as applicable, (v) that answering the inquiry would require the disclosure of Privileged Information (subject to the Privileged Information Exception) or (vi) that answering the inquiry is otherwise, for any reason, not advisable. In addition, no party will post or otherwise disclose any direct communications with the Directing Certificateholder or the Risk Retention Consultation Party (in its capacity as Risk Retention Consultation Party) as part of its responses to any inquiries. In the case of an inquiry relating to a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan, the certificate administrator is required to make reasonable efforts to obtain an answer from the applicable party under the related Non-Serviced PSA; provided that the certificate administrator will not be responsible for the content of such answer, or any delay or failure to obtain such answer. The certificate administrator will be required to post the inquiries and related answers, if any, on the Investor Q&A Forum, subject to and in accordance with the PSA. The Investor Q&A Forum may not reflect questions, answers and other communications that are not submitted through the certificate administrator’s website. Answers posted on the Investor Q&A Forum will be attributable only to the respondent, and will not be deemed to be answers from any of the depositor, the underwriters or any of their respective affiliates. None of the underwriters, depositor, any of their respective affiliates or any other person will certify as to the accuracy of any of the information posted in the Investor Q&A Forum and no such person will have any responsibility or liability for the content of any such information.
The certificate administrator will make the “Investor Registry” available to any Certificateholder and beneficial owner that is a Privileged Person via the certificate administrator’s website. Certificateholders and beneficial owners may register on a voluntary basis for the “Investor Registry” and obtain contact information for any other Certificateholder or beneficial owner that has also registered, provided that they comply with certain requirements as provided for in the PSA.
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The certificate administrator’s internet website will initially be located at www.ctslink.com. Access will be provided by the certificate administrator to such persons upon receipt by the certificate administrator from such person of an Investor Certification or NRSRO Certification in the form(s) attached to the PSA, which form(s) will also be located on and submitted electronically via the certificate administrator’s internet website. The parties to the PSA will not be required to provide that certification. In connection with providing access to the certificate administrator’s internet website, the certificate administrator may require registration and the acceptance of a disclaimer. The certificate administrator will not be liable for the dissemination of information in accordance with the terms of the PSA. The certificate administrator will make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of such documents and will assume no responsibility for them. In addition, the certificate administrator may disclaim responsibility for any information distributed by the certificate administrator for which it is not the original source. Assistance in using the certificate administrator’s internet website can be obtained by calling the certificate administrator’s customer service desk at 866-846-4526.
The certificate administrator is responsible for the preparation of tax returns on behalf of the issuing entity and the preparation of Distribution Reports on Form 10-D (based on information included in each monthly Distribution Date Statement and other information provided by other transaction parties) and Annual Reports on Form 10-K and certain other reports on Form 8-K that are required to be filed with the SEC on behalf of the issuing entity.
“17g-5 Information Provider” means the certificate administrator.
The PSA will permit the master servicer and the special servicer, at their respective sole cost and expense, to make available by electronic media, bulletin board service or internet website any reports or other information the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, is required or permitted to provide to any party to the PSA, the Rating Agencies or any Certificateholder or any prospective Certificateholder that has provided the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, with an Investor Certification or has executed a “click-through” confidentiality agreement in accordance with the PSA to the extent such action does not conflict with the terms of the PSA (including, without limitation, any requirements to keep Privileged Information confidential), the terms of the Mortgage Loans or applicable law. However, the availability of such information or reports on the internet or similar electronic media will not be deemed to satisfy any specific delivery requirements in the PSA except as set forth therein.
Except as otherwise set forth in this paragraph, until the time definitive certificates are issued, notices and statements required to be mailed to holders of certificates will be available to Certificate Owners of certificates only to the extent they are forwarded by or otherwise available through DTC and its Participants. Conveyance of notices and other communications by DTC to Participants, and by Participants to Certificate Owners, will be governed by arrangements among them, subject to any statutory or regulatory requirements as may be in effect from time to time. Except as otherwise set forth in this paragraph, the master servicer, the special servicer, the trustee, the certificate administrator and the depositor are required to recognize as Certificateholders only those persons in whose names the certificates are registered on the books and records of the certificate registrar. The initial registered holder of the certificates will be Cede & Co., as nominee for DTC.
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Voting Rights
At all times during the term of the PSA, the voting rights for the certificates (the “Voting Rights”) will be allocated among the respective classes of Certificateholders as follows:
(1) 2% in the case of the Class X Certificates, allocated pro rata, based upon their respective Notional Amounts as of the date of determination, and
(2) in the case of any Principal Balance Certificates (other than the RRI Interest), a percentage equal to the product of 98% and a fraction, the numerator of which is equal to the aggregate Certificate Balance (and solely in connection with certain votes relating to the replacement of the special servicer, operating advisor or asset representations reviewer as described in this prospectus, taking into account any notional reduction in the Certificate Balance for Appraisal Reduction Amounts allocated to the certificates) of the class, in each case, determined as of the prior Distribution Date, and the denominator of which is equal to the aggregate Certificate Balance (and solely in connection with certain votes relating to the replacement of the special servicer, operating advisor or the asset representations reviewer as described in this prospectus, taking into account any notional reduction in the Certificate Balance for Appraisal Reduction Amounts allocated to the certificates) of the Principal Balance Certificates (other than the RRI Interest), each determined as of the prior Distribution Date.
The Voting Rights of any class of certificates are required to be allocated among Certificateholders of such class in proportion to their respective Percentage Interests.
None of the Class V or Class R certificates or the RRI Interest will be entitled to any Voting Rights.
Delivery, Form, Transfer and Denomination
The Offered Certificates (other than the Class X Certificates) will be issued, maintained and transferred in the book-entry form only in minimum denominations of $10,000 initial Certificate Balance, and in multiples of $1 in excess of $10,000. The Class X Certificates will be issued, maintained and transferred only in minimum denominations of authorized initial Notional Amounts of not less than $1,000,000 and in integral multiples of $1 in excess of $1,000,000.
Book-Entry Registration
The Offered Certificates will initially be represented by one or more global certificates for each such class registered in the name of a nominee of The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”). The depositor has been informed by DTC that DTC’s nominee will be Cede & Co. No holder of an Offered Certificate will be entitled to receive a certificate issued in fully registered, certificated form (each, a “Definitive Certificate”) representing its interest in such class, except under the limited circumstances described under “―Definitive Certificates” below. Unless and until Definitive Certificates are issued, all references to actions by holders of the Offered Certificates will refer to actions taken by DTC upon instructions received from holders of Offered Certificates through its participating organizations (together with Clearstream Banking, société anonyme (“Clearstream”) and Euroclear Bank, as operator of the Euroclear System (“Euroclear”) participating organizations, the “Participants”), and all references in this prospectus to payments, notices, reports, statements and other information to holders of Offered Certificates will refer to payments, notices, reports and statements to DTC or Cede & Co., as the registered holder of the Offered Certificates, for distribution to holders of Offered Certificates through
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its Participants in accordance with DTC procedures; provided, however, that to the extent that the party to the PSA responsible for distributing any report, statement or other information has been provided in writing with the name of the Certificate Owner of such an Offered Certificate (or the prospective transferee of such Certificate Owner), such report, statement or other information will be provided to such Certificate Owner (or prospective transferee).
Until Definitive Certificates are issued in respect of the Offered Certificates, interests in the Offered Certificates will be transferred on the book-entry records of DTC and its Participants. The certificate administrator will initially serve as certificate registrar for purposes of recording and otherwise providing for the registration of the Offered Certificates.
Holders of Offered Certificates may hold their certificates through DTC (in the United States) or Clearstream or Euroclear (in Europe) if they are Participants of such system, or indirectly through organizations that are participants in such systems. Clearstream and Euroclear will hold omnibus positions on behalf of the Clearstream Participants and the Euroclear Participants, respectively, through customers’ securities accounts in Clearstream’s and Euroclear’s names on the books of their respective depositories (collectively, the “Depositories”), which in turn will hold such positions in customers’ securities accounts in the Depositories’ names on the books of DTC. DTC is a limited purpose trust company organized under the New York Banking Law, a “banking organization” within the meaning of the New York Banking Law, a member of the Federal Reserve System, a “clearing corporation” within the meaning of the New York Uniform Commercial Code and a “clearing agency” registered pursuant to Section 17A of the Exchange Act. DTC was created to hold securities for its Participants and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions between Participants through electronic computerized book-entries, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of certificates. Participants (“DTC Participants”) include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies and clearing corporations. Indirect access to the DTC system also is available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a Participant, either directly or indirectly (“Indirect Participants”).
Transfers between DTC Participants will occur in accordance with DTC rules. Transfers between Clearstream Participants and Euroclear Participants will occur in accordance with the applicable rules and operating procedures of Clearstream and Euroclear.
Cross-market transfers between persons holding directly or indirectly through DTC, on the one hand, and directly through Clearstream Participants or Euroclear Participants, on the other, will be effected in DTC in accordance with DTC rules on behalf of the relevant European international clearing system by its Depository; however, such cross-market transactions will require delivery of instructions to the relevant European international clearing system by the counterparty in such system in accordance with its rules and procedures and within its established deadlines (European time). The relevant European international clearing system will, if the transaction meets its settlement requirements, deliver instructions to its Depository to take action to effect final settlement on its behalf by delivering or receiving securities in DTC, and making or receiving payment in accordance with normal procedures for same-day funds settlement applicable to DTC. Clearstream Participants and Euroclear Participants may not deliver instructions directly to the Depositories.
Because of time-zone differences, credits of securities in Clearstream or Euroclear as a result of a transaction with a DTC Participant will be made during the subsequent securities settlement processing, dated the business day following the DTC settlement date, and such
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credits or any transactions in such securities settled during such processing will be reported to the relevant Clearstream Participant or Euroclear Participant on such business day. Cash received in Clearstream or Euroclear as a result of sales of securities by or through a Clearstream Participant or a Euroclear Participant to a DTC Participant will be received with value on the DTC settlement date but will be available in the relevant Clearstream or Euroclear cash account only as of the business day following settlement in DTC.
The holders of Offered Certificates that are not Participants or Indirect Participants but desire to purchase, sell or otherwise transfer ownership of, or other interests in, such Offered Certificates may do so only through Participants and Indirect Participants. In addition, holders of Offered Certificates in global form (“Certificate Owners”) will receive all distributions of principal and interest through the Participants who in turn will receive them from DTC. Under a book-entry format, holders of such Offered Certificates may experience some delay in their receipt of payments, since such payments will be forwarded by the certificate administrator to Cede & Co., as nominee for DTC. DTC will forward such payments to its Participants, which thereafter will forward them to Indirect Participants or the applicable Certificate Owners. Certificate Owners will not be recognized by the trustee, the certificate administrator, the certificate registrar, the operating advisor, the special servicer or the master servicer as holders of record of certificates and Certificate Owners will be permitted to receive information furnished to Certificateholders and to exercise the rights of Certificateholders only indirectly through DTC and its Participants and Indirect Participants, except that Certificate Owners will be entitled to receive or have access to notices and information and to exercise certain rights as holders of beneficial interests in the certificates through the certificate administrator and the trustee to the extent described in “—Reports to Certificateholders; Certain Available Information”, “—Certificateholder Communication” and “—List of Certificateholders” and “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—The Operating Advisor”, “—The Asset Representations Reviewer”, “—Replacement of the Special Servicer Without Cause”, “—Limitation on Rights of Certificateholders to Institute a Proceeding”, “—Termination; Retirement of Certificates” and “—Resignation and Removal of the Trustee and the Certificate Administrator”.
Under the rules, regulations and procedures creating and affecting DTC and its operations (the “DTC Rules”), DTC is required to make book-entry transfers of Offered Certificates in global form among Participants on whose behalf it acts with respect to such Offered Certificates and to receive and transmit distributions of principal of, and interest on, such Offered Certificates. Participants and Indirect Participants with which the Certificate Owners have accounts with respect to the Offered Certificates similarly are required to make book-entry transfers and receive and transmit such payments on behalf of their respective Certificate Owners. Accordingly, although the Certificate Owners will not possess the Offered Certificates, the DTC Rules provide a mechanism by which Certificate Owners will receive payments on Offered Certificates and will be able to transfer their interest.
Because DTC can only act on behalf of Participants, who in turn act on behalf of Indirect Participants and certain banks, the ability of a holder of Offered Certificates in global form to pledge such Offered Certificates to persons or entities that do not participate in the DTC system, or to otherwise act with respect to such Offered Certificates, may be limited due to the lack of a physical certificate for such Offered Certificates.
DTC has advised the depositor that it will take any action permitted to be taken by a holder of an Offered Certificate under the PSA only at the direction of one or more Participants to whose accounts with DTC such certificate is credited. DTC may take conflicting actions with respect to other undivided interests to the extent that such actions are taken on behalf of Participants whose holdings include such undivided interests.
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Clearstream is incorporated under the laws of Luxembourg and is a global securities settlement clearing house. Clearstream holds securities for its participating organizations (“Clearstream Participants”) and facilitates the clearance and settlement of securities transactions between Clearstream Participants through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of Clearstream Participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of certificates. Transactions may be settled in Clearstream in numerous currencies, including United States dollars. Clearstream provides to its Clearstream Participants, among other things, services for safekeeping, administration, clearance and settlement of internationally traded securities and securities lending and borrowing. Clearstream interfaces with domestic markets in several countries. Clearstream is regulated as a bank by the Luxembourg Monetary Institute. Clearstream Participants are recognized financial institutions around the world, including underwriters, securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations and may include the underwriters. Indirect access to Clearstream is also available to others, such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a Clearstream Participant, either directly or indirectly.
Euroclear was created in 1968 to hold securities for participants of the Euroclear system (“Euroclear Participants”) and to clear and settle transactions between Euroclear Participants through simultaneous electronic book-entry delivery against payment, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of certificates and any risk from lack of simultaneous transfers of securities and cash. Transactions may now be settled in any of numerous currencies, including United States dollars. The Euroclear system includes various other services, including securities lending and borrowing and interfaces with domestic markets in several countries generally similar to the arrangements for cross-market transfers with DTC described above. Euroclear is operated by Euroclear Bank S.A./N.V. (the “Euroclear Operator”). All operations are conducted by the Euroclear Operator, and all Euroclear securities clearance accounts and Euroclear cash accounts are accounts with the Euroclear Operator. Euroclear Participants include banks (including central banks), securities brokers and dealers and other professional financial intermediaries and may include the underwriters. Indirect access to the Euroclear system is also available to other firms that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a Euroclear Participant, either directly or indirectly.
Securities clearance accounts and cash accounts with the Euroclear Operator are governed by the Terms and Conditions Governing Use of Euroclear and the related operating procedures of the Euroclear System and applicable Belgian law (collectively, the “Terms and Conditions”). The Terms and Conditions govern transfers of securities and cash within the Euroclear system, withdrawal of securities and cash from the Euroclear system, and receipts of payments with respect to securities in the Euroclear system. All securities in the Euroclear system are held on a fungible basis without attribution of specific certificates to specific securities clearance accounts. The Euroclear Operator acts under the Terms and Conditions only on behalf of Euroclear Participants and has no record of or relationship with persons holding through Euroclear Participants.
Although DTC, Euroclear and Clearstream have implemented the foregoing procedures in order to facilitate transfers of interests in book-entry securities among Participants of DTC, Euroclear and Clearstream, they are under no obligation to perform or to continue to comply with such procedures, and such procedures may be discontinued at any time. None of the depositor, the trustee, the certificate administrator, the master servicer, the special servicer or the underwriters will have any responsibility for the performance by DTC, Euroclear or Clearstream or their respective direct or indirect Participants of their respective obligations under the rules and procedures governing their operations.
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Definitive Certificates
Owners of beneficial interests in book-entry certificates of any class will not be entitled to receive physical delivery of Definitive Certificates unless: (i) DTC advises the certificate registrar in writing that DTC is no longer willing or able to discharge properly its responsibilities as depository with respect to the book-entry certificates of such class or ceases to be a clearing agency, and the certificate administrator and the depositor are unable to locate a qualified successor within 90 days of such notice or (ii) the trustee has instituted or has been directed to institute any judicial proceeding to enforce the rights of the Certificateholders of such class and the trustee has been advised by counsel that in connection with such proceeding it is necessary or appropriate for the trustee to obtain possession of the certificates of such class.
The RRI Interest will be evidenced by one or more certificates and is expected to be held at all times in definitive form by the certificate administrator on behalf of the beneficial owners of the RRI Interest.
Certificateholder Communication
Access to Certificateholders’ Names and Addresses
Upon the written request of any Certificateholder or Certificate Owner that has delivered an executed Investor Certification to the trustee or the certificate administrator (a “Certifying Certificateholder”), the certificate administrator (in its capacity as certificate registrar) will promptly furnish or cause to be furnished to such requesting party a list of the names and addresses of the certificateholders as of the most recent Record Date as they appear in the certificate register, at the expense of the requesting party.
Requests to Communicate
The PSA will require that the certificate administrator include on any Form 10–D any request received prior to the Distribution Date to which such Form 10-D relates (and on or after the Distribution Date preceding such Distribution Date) from a Certificateholder or Certificate Owner to communicate with other Certificateholders or Certificate Owners related to Certificateholders or Certificate Owners exercising their rights under the terms of the PSA. Any Form 10-D containing such disclosure regarding the request to communicate is required to include the following and no more than the following: (i) the name of the Certificateholder or Certificate Owner making the request, (ii) the date the request was received, (iii) a statement to the effect that the certificate administrator has received such request, stating that such Certificateholder or Certificate Owner is interested in communicating with other Certificateholders or Certificate Owners with regard to the possible exercise of rights under the PSA, and (iv) a description of the method other Certificateholders or Certificate Owners may use to contact the requesting Certificateholder or Certificate Owner.
Any Certificateholder or Certificate Owner wishing to communicate with other Certificateholders and Certificate Owners regarding the exercise of its rights under the terms of the PSA (such party, a “Requesting Investor”) should deliver a written request (a “Communication Request”) signed by an authorized representative of the Requesting Investor to the certificate administrator at the address below:
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9062 Old Annapolis Road
Columbia, Maryland 21045
Attention: Corporate Trust Administration Group – WFCM 2016-BNK1
With a copy to:
trustadministrationgroup@wellsfargo.com
Any Communication Request must contain the name of the Requesting Investor and the method other Certificateholders and Certificate Owners should use to contact the Requesting Investor, and, if the Requesting Investor is not the registered holder of a class of certificates, then the Communication Request must contain (i) a written certification from the Requesting Investor that it is a beneficial owner of a class of certificates, and (ii) one of the following forms of documentation evidencing its beneficial ownership in such class of certificates: (A) a trade confirmation, (B) an account statement, (C) a medallion stamp guaranteed letter from a broker or dealer stating the Requesting Investor is the beneficial owner, or (D) a document acceptable to the certificate administrator that is similar to any of the documents identified in clauses (A) through (C). The certificate administrator will not be permitted to require any information other than the foregoing in verifying a certificateholder’s or certificate owner’s identity in connection with a Communication Request. Requesting Investors will be responsible for their own expenses in making any Communication Request, but will not be required to bear any expenses of the certificate administrator.
List of Certificateholders
Upon the written request of any Certificateholder, which is required to include a copy of the communication the Certificateholder proposes to transmit, that has provided an Investor Certification, which request is made for purposes of communicating with other holders of certificates of the same series with respect to their rights under the PSA or the certificates, the certificate registrar or other specified person will, within 10 business days after receipt of such request afford such Certificateholder (at such Certificateholder’s sole cost and expense) access during normal business hours to the most recent list of Certificateholders related to the class of certificates. In addition, upon written request to the certificate administrator of any Certificateholder or certificate owner (if applicable) that has provided an Investor Certification, the certificate administrator is required to promptly notify such Certificateholder or certificate owner of the identity of the then-current Directing Certificateholder.
Description of the Mortgage Loan Purchase Agreements
General
On the Closing Date, the depositor will acquire the Mortgage Loans from each mortgage loan seller pursuant to a separate mortgage loan purchase agreement (each, an “MLPA”), between the related mortgage loan seller and the depositor.
Under the applicable MLPA, the depositor will require each mortgage loan seller to deliver to the certificate administrator, in its capacity as custodian, among other things, generally the following documents (except that the documents with respect to any Non-Serviced Whole Loans (other than the original promissory note) will be held by the custodian under the related Non-Serviced PSA) with respect to each Mortgage Loan sold by the mortgage loan seller (collectively, as to each Mortgage Loan, the “Mortgage File”):
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(i) the original Mortgage Note, endorsed on its face or by allonge to the Mortgage Note, without recourse, to the order of the trustee or in blank and further showing a complete, unbroken chain of endorsement from the originator (or, if the original Mortgage Note has been lost, an affidavit to such effect from the related mortgage loan seller or another prior holder, together with a copy of the Mortgage Note and an indemnity properly assigned and endorsed to the trustee);
(ii) the original or a copy of the Mortgage, together with an original or copy of any intervening assignments of the Mortgage, in each case with evidence of recording indicated thereon or certified to have been submitted for recording;
(iii) an original assignment of the Mortgage in favor of the trustee or in blank and (subject to the completion of certain missing recording information and, if applicable, the assignee’s name) in recordable form (or, if the related mortgage loan seller is responsible for the recordation of that assignment, a copy thereof certified to be the copy of such assignment submitted or to be submitted for recording);
(iv) the original or a copy of any related assignment of leases and of any intervening assignments (if such item is a document separate from the Mortgage), with evidence of recording indicated thereon or certified to have been submitted for recording;
(v) an original assignment of any related assignment of leases (if such item is a document separate from the Mortgage) in favor of the trustee or in blank and (subject to the completion of certain missing recording information and, if applicable, the assignee’s name) in recordable form (or, if the related mortgage loan seller is responsible for the recordation of that assignment, a copy thereof certified to be the copy of such assignment submitted or to be submitted for recording);
(vi) the original assignment of all unrecorded documents relating to the Mortgage Loan or a Serviced Whole Loan, if not already assigned pursuant to items (iii) or (v) above;
(vii) originals or copies of all modification, consolidation, assumption, written assurance and substitution agreements in those instances in which the terms or provisions of the Mortgage or Mortgage Note have been modified or the Mortgage Loan has been assumed or consolidated;
(viii) the original or a copy of the policy or certificate of lender’s title insurance issued on the date of the origination of such Mortgage Loan, or, if such policy has not been issued or located, an irrevocable, binding commitment (which may be a marked version of the policy that has been executed by an authorized representative of the title company or an agreement to provide the same pursuant to binding escrow instructions executed by an authorized representative of the title company) to issue such title insurance policy;
(ix) any filed copies (bearing evidence of filing) or evidence of filing of any Uniform Commercial Code financing statements, related amendments and continuation statements in the possession of the related mortgage loan seller;
(x) an original assignment in favor of the trustee of any financing statement executed and filed in favor of the related mortgage loan seller in the relevant jurisdiction (or, if the related mortgage loan seller is responsible for the filing of that
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assignment, a copy thereof certified to be the copy of such assignment submitted or to be submitted for recording);
(xi) the original or a copy of any intercreditor agreement relating to existing debt of the borrower, including any Intercreditor Agreement relating to a Serviced Whole Loan;
(xii) the original or copies of any loan agreement, escrow agreement, security agreement or letter of credit (with any necessary transfer documentation) relating to a Mortgage Loan or a Serviced Whole Loan;
(xiii) the original or a copy of any ground lease, ground lessor estoppel, environmental insurance policy, environmental indemnity or guaranty relating to a Mortgage Loan or a Serviced Whole Loan;
(xiv) the original or a copy of any property management agreement relating to a Mortgage Loan or a Serviced Whole Loan;
(xv) the original or a copy of any franchise agreements and comfort letters or similar agreements relating to a Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan and, with respect to any franchise agreement, comfort letter or similar agreement, any assignment of such agreements or any notice to the franchisor of the transfer of a Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan and/or request for the issuance of a new comfort letter in favor of the trustee, in each case, as applicable;
(xvi) the original or a copy of any lock-box or cash management agreement relating to a Mortgage Loan or a Serviced Whole Loan;
(xvii) the original or a copy of any related mezzanine intercreditor agreement;
(xviii) a copy of all related environmental insurance policies; and
(xix) a list related to such Mortgage Loan indicating the related Mortgage Loan documents included in the related Mortgage File as of the Closing Date.
With respect to any Mortgage Loan which is a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan on the Closing Date, the foregoing documents (other than the documents described in clause (i) above) will be delivered to and held by the custodian under the related Non-Serviced PSA on or prior to the Closing Date.
In addition, each mortgage loan seller will be required to deliver the Diligence Files for each of its Mortgage Loans to the depositor by uploading such Diligence Files to the designated website, and the depositor will deliver to the certificate administrator an electronic copy of such Diligence Files to be posted to the secure data room.
“Diligence File” means with respect to each Mortgage Loan or Companion Loan, if applicable, generally the following documents in electronic format:
(a) A copy of each of the following documents:
(i) the Mortgage Note, endorsed on its face or by allonge attached to the Mortgage Note, without recourse, to the order of the trustee or in blank and further showing a complete, unbroken chain of endorsement from the originator (or, if the original Mortgage Note has been lost, an affidavit to such effect from the applicable mortgage loan seller or another prior holder,
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together with a copy of the Mortgage Note and an indemnity properly assigned and endorsed to the trustee);
(ii) the Mortgage, together with a copy of any intervening assignments of the Mortgage, in each case with evidence of recording indicated thereon or certified to have been submitted for recording (if in the possession of the applicable mortgage loan seller);
(iii) any related assignment of leases and of any intervening assignments (if such item is a document separate from the Mortgage), with evidence of recording indicated thereon or certified to have been submitted for recording (if in the possession of the applicable mortgage loan seller);
(iv) all modification, consolidation, assumption, written assurance and substitution agreements in those instances in which the terms or provisions of the Mortgage or Mortgage Note have been modified or the Mortgage Loan has been assumed or consolidated;
(v) the policy or certificate of lender’s title insurance issued on the date of the origination of such Mortgage Loan, or, if such policy has not been issued or located, an irrevocable, binding commitment (which may be a marked version of the policy that has been executed by an authorized representative of the title company or an agreement to provide the same pursuant to binding escrow instructions executed by an authorized representative of the title company) to issue such title insurance policy;
(vi) any UCC financing statements, related amendments and continuation statements in the possession of the applicable mortgage loan seller;
(vii) any intercreditor agreement relating to permitted debt of the mortgagor, including any intercreditor agreement relating to a Serviced Whole Loan, and any related mezzanine intercreditor agreement;
(viii) any loan agreement, escrow agreement, security agreement or letter of credit relating to a Mortgage Loan or a Serviced Whole Loan;
(ix) any ground lease, related ground lessor estoppel, indemnity or guaranty relating to a Mortgage Loan or a Serviced Whole Loan;
(x) any property management agreement relating to a Mortgage Loan or a Serviced Whole Loan;
(xi) any franchise agreements and comfort letters or similar agreements relating to a Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan and, with respect to any franchise agreement, comfort letter or similar agreement, any assignment of such agreements or any notice to the franchisor of the transfer of a Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan;
(xii) any lock-box or cash management agreement relating to a Mortgage Loan or a Serviced Whole Loan;
(xiii) all related environmental reports; and
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(xiv) all related environmental insurance policies;
(b) a copy of any engineering reports or property condition reports;
(c) other than with respect to a hotel property (except with respect to tenanted commercial space within a hotel property), copies of a rent roll;
(d) for any office, retail, industrial or warehouse property, a copy of all leases and estoppels and subordination and non-disturbance agreements delivered to the related mortgage loan seller;
(e) a copy of all legal opinions (excluding attorney-client communications between the related mortgage loan seller, and its counsel that are privileged communications or constitute legal or other due diligence analyses), if any, delivered in connection with the closing of the related Mortgage Loan;
(f) a copy of all mortgagor’s certificates of hazard insurance and/or hazard insurance policies or other applicable insurance policies (to the extent not previously included as part of this definition), if any, delivered in connection with the closing of the related Mortgage Loan;
(g) a copy of the appraisal for the related Mortgaged Property(ies);
(h) for any Mortgage Loan that the related Mortgaged Property(ies) is leased to a single tenant, a copy of the lease;
(i) a copy of the applicable mortgage loan seller’s asset summary;
(j) a copy of all surveys for the related Mortgaged Property or Mortgaged Properties;
(k) a copy of all zoning reports;
(l) a copy of financial statements of the related mortgagor;
(m) a copy of operating statements for the related Mortgaged Property or Mortgaged Properties;
(n) a copy of all UCC searches;
(o) a copy of all litigation searches;
(p) a copy of all bankruptcy searches;
(q) a copy of any origination settlement statement;
(r) a copy of the insurance summary report;
(s) a copy of organizational documents of the related mortgagor and any guarantor;
(t) a copy of all escrow statements related to the escrow account balances as of the Mortgage Loan origination date;
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(u) a copy of all related environmental reports that were received by the applicable mortgage loan seller;
(v) a copy of any closure letter (environmental); and
(w) a copy of any environmental remediation agreement for the related Mortgaged Property or Mortgaged Properties;
in each case, to the extent that the originator received such documents or information in connection with the origination of such Mortgage Loan. In the event any of the items identified above were not included in connection with the origination of such Mortgage Loan (other than documents that would not be included in connection with the origination of the Mortgage Loan because such document is inapplicable to the origination of a Mortgage Loan of that structure or type), the Diligence File will be required to include a statement to that effect. No information that is proprietary to the related originator or mortgage loan seller or any draft documents or privileged or internal communications will constitute part of the Diligence File. It is generally not required to include any of the same items identified above again if such items have already been included under another clause of the definition of Diligence File, and the Diligence File will be required to include a statement to that effect. The mortgage loan seller may, without any obligation to do so, include such other documents or information as part of the Diligence File that such mortgage loan seller believes should be included to enable the asset representations reviewer to perform the Asset Review on such Mortgage Loan; provided that such documents or information are clearly labeled and identified.
Each MLPA will contain certain representations and warranties of the applicable mortgage loan seller with respect to each Mortgage Loan sold by that mortgage loan seller. Those representations and warranties are set forth in Annex D-1, and will be made as of the Closing Date, or as of another date specifically provided in the representation and warranty, subject to certain exceptions to such representations and warranties as set forth in Annex D-2.
If any of the documents required to be included in the Mortgage File for any Mortgage Loan is missing from the Mortgage File or defective or if there is a breach of a representation or warranty relating to any Mortgage Loan, and, in either case, such omission, defect or breach materially and adversely affects the value of the related Mortgage Loan, the value of the related Mortgaged Property or the interests of any Certificateholders in the Mortgage Loan or Mortgaged Property or causes the Mortgage Loan to be other than a “qualified mortgage” within the meaning of Code Section 860G(a)(3), but without regard to the rule of Treasury Regulations Section 1.860G-2(f)(2) that causes a defective obligation to be treated as a “qualified mortgage” (a “Material Defect”), the applicable mortgage loan seller will be required to, no later than 90 days following:
(x) such mortgage loan seller’s discovery of the Material Defect or receipt of notice of the Material Defect from any party to the PSA (a “Breach Notice”), except in the case of the following clause (y); or
(y) in the case of such Material Defect that would cause the Mortgage Loan not to be a “qualified mortgage” within the meaning of Code Section 860G(a)(3), but without regard to the rule of Treasury regulations Section 1.860G-2(f)(2) that causes a defective obligation to be treated as a qualified mortgage, the earlier of (A) discovery by the related mortgage loan seller or any party to the PSA of such Material Defect, or (B) receipt of a Breach Notice by the mortgage loan seller,
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(A) cure such Material Defect in all material respects, at its own expense,
(B) repurchase the affected Mortgage Loan or REO Loan at the Purchase Price, or
(C) substitute a Qualified Substitute Mortgage Loan (other than with respect to any Whole Loans, as applicable, for which no substitution will be permitted) for such affected Mortgage Loan, and pay a shortfall amount in connection with such substitution;
provided that no such substitution may occur on or after the second anniversary of the Closing Date; provided, however, that the applicable mortgage loan seller will generally have an additional 90-day period to cure such Material Defect (or, failing such cure, to repurchase the affected Mortgage Loan or REO Loan or, if applicable, substitute a Qualified Substitute Mortgage Loan (other than with respect to any related Whole Loan, for which no substitution will be permitted), if it is diligently proceeding toward that cure, and has delivered to the master servicer, the special servicer, the certificate administrator (who will promptly deliver a copy of such officer’s certificate to the 17g-5 Information Provider), the trustee, the operating advisor and, prior to the occurrence and continuance of a Consultation Termination Event, the Directing Certificateholder, an officer’s certificate that describes the reasons that a cure was not effected within the initial 90-day period; provided that if any such Material Defect is not cured after the initial cure period and any such extended cure period solely due to the failure of the mortgage loan seller to have received the recorded document, then the mortgage loan seller will be entitled to continue to defer its cure, repurchase and/or substitution obligations in respect of such Material Defect until eighteen (18) months after the closing date so long as the mortgage loan seller certifies to the trustee, the master servicer, the special servicer and the certificate administrator no less than every ninety (90) days thereafter that the Material Defect is still in effect solely because of its failure to have received the recorded document and that the mortgage loan seller is diligently pursuing the cure of such Material Defect (specifying the actions being taken). Notwithstanding the foregoing, there will be no such 90-day extension if such Material Defect would cause the related Mortgage Loan not to be a “qualified mortgage” within the meaning of Code Section 860G(a)(3), but without regard to the rule of Treasury regulations Section 1.860G-2(f)(2) that causes a defective Mortgage Loan to be treated as a qualified mortgage.
No delay in either the discovery of a Material Defect or in providing notice of such Material Defect will relieve the applicable mortgage loan seller of its obligation to cure, repurchase or substitute for (or make a Loss of Value Payment with respect to) the related Mortgage Loan if (i) the mortgage loan seller did not otherwise discover or have knowledge of such Material Defect, (ii) such delay is the result of the failure by a party to the PSA to promptly provide a notice of such Material Defect as required by the terms of the MLPA or the PSA after such party has actual knowledge of such defect or breach (knowledge will not be deemed to exist by reason of the custodian’s exception report), (iii) such Material Defect does not relate to the applicable mortgage loan not being a “qualified mortgage” within the meaning of Code Section 860G(a)(3), but without regard to the rule of Treasury regulations Section 1.860G-2(f)(2) that causes a defective obligation to be treated as a qualified mortgage, and (iv) such delay precludes the mortgage loan seller from curing such Material Defect. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a Mortgage Loan is not secured by a Mortgaged Property that is, in whole or in part, a hotel, restaurant (operated by a borrower), healthcare facility, nursing home, assisted living facility, self storage facility, theater or fitness center (operated by a borrower), then the failure to deliver copies of the UCC financing statements with respect to such Mortgage Loan will not be a Material Defect.
If there is a Material Defect with respect to one or more Mortgaged Properties with respect to a Mortgage Loan, the applicable mortgage loan seller will not be obligated to
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repurchase the Mortgage Loan if (i) the affected Mortgaged Property may be released pursuant to the terms of any partial release provisions in the related Mortgage Loan documents (and such Mortgaged Property is, in fact, released), (ii) the remaining Mortgaged Property(ies) satisfy the requirements, if any, set forth in the Mortgage Loan documents and the applicable mortgage loan seller provides an opinion of counsel to the effect that such release in lieu of repurchase would not (A) cause any Trust REMIC to fail to qualify as a REMIC or (B) result in the imposition of a tax upon any Trust REMIC or the issuing entity and (iii) each applicable Rating Agency has provided a Rating Agency Confirmation.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, in lieu of a mortgage loan seller repurchasing, substituting or curing such Material Defect, to the extent that the mortgage loan seller and the special servicer (for so long as no Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing and in respect of any Mortgage Loan that is not an Excluded Loan with respect to such Directing Certificateholder or the holder of the majority of the Controlling Class, with the consent of the Directing Certificateholder) are able to agree upon a cash payment payable by the mortgage loan seller to the issuing entity that would be deemed sufficient to compensate the issuing entity for such Material Defect (a “Loss of Value Payment”), the mortgage loan seller may elect, in its sole discretion, to pay such Loss of Value Payment. Upon its making such payment, the mortgage loan seller will be deemed to have cured such Material Defect in all respects. A Loss of Value Payment may not be made with respect to any such Material Defect that would cause the applicable Mortgage Loan not to be a “qualified mortgage” within the meaning of Code Section 860G(a)(3), but without regard to the rule of Treasury regulations Section 1.860G-2(f)(2) that causes a defective Mortgage Loan to be treated as a qualified mortgage.
With respect to any Mortgage Loan, the “Purchase Price” equals to the sum of (1) the outstanding principal balance of such Mortgage Loan (or related REO Loan (excluding, for such purpose, the related Companion Loan, if applicable)), as of the date of purchase, (2) all accrued and unpaid interest on the Mortgage Loan (or any related REO Loan (excluding, for such purpose, the related Companion Loan, if applicable)) at the related Mortgage Rate in effect from time to time (excluding any portion of such interest that represents default interest or Excess Interest on an ARD Loan), to, but not including, the due date immediately preceding or coinciding with the Determination Date for the Collection Period of purchase, (3) all related unreimbursed Servicing Advances plus accrued and unpaid interest on all related Advances at the Reimbursement Rate, Special Servicing Fees (whether paid or unpaid) and any other additional trust fund expenses (except for Liquidation Fees) in respect of such Mortgage Loan or related REO Loan (excluding, for such purposes, any Companion Loan, if any), (4) solely in the case of a repurchase or substitution by a mortgage loan seller, all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses reasonably incurred or to be incurred by the master servicer, the special servicer, the depositor, the certificate administrator or the trustee in respect of the omission, breach or defect giving rise to the repurchase or substitution obligation, including any expenses arising out of the enforcement of the repurchase or substitution obligation, including, without limitation, legal fees and expenses and any additional trust fund expenses relating to such Mortgage Loan or related REO Loan; provided, however, that such out-of-pocket expenses will not include expenses incurred by investors in instituting an Asset Review Vote Election, in taking part in an Affirmative Asset Review Vote or in utilizing the dispute resolution provisions described below under “—Dispute Resolution Provisions”, (5) Liquidation Fees, if any, payable with respect to the affected Mortgage Loan or related REO Loan (which will not include any Liquidation Fees if such affected Mortgage Loan is repurchased prior to the expiration of the additional 90-day period immediately following the initial 90-day period) and (6) solely in the case of a repurchase or substitution by the related mortgage loan seller, any Asset
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Representations Reviewer Asset Review Fee for such Mortgage Loan, to the extent not previously paid by the related mortgage loan seller.
A “Qualified Substitute Mortgage Loan” is a substitute mortgage loan (other than with respect to any Whole Loan, for which no substitution will be permitted) replacing a Mortgage Loan with respect to which a material breach or document defect exists that must, on the date of substitution:
(a) have an outstanding principal balance, after application of all scheduled payments of principal and interest due during or prior to the month of substitution, whether or not received, not in excess of the Stated Principal Balance of the removed Mortgage Loan as of the due date in the calendar month during which the substitution occurs;
(b) have a fixed Mortgage Rate not less than the Mortgage Rate of the removed Mortgage Loan (determined without regard to any prior modification, waiver or amendment of the terms of the removed Mortgage Loan);
(c) have the same due date and a grace period no longer than that of the removed Mortgage Loan;
(d) accrue interest on the same basis as the removed Mortgage Loan (for example, on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months);
(e) have a remaining term to stated maturity not greater than, and not more than five years less than, the remaining term to stated maturity of the removed Mortgage Loan;
(f) have a then-current loan-to-value ratio equal to or less than the lesser of (i) the loan-to-value ratio for the removed Mortgage Loan as of the Closing Date and (ii) 75%, in each case using a “value” for the Mortgaged Property as determined using an appraisal conducted by a member of the Appraisal Institute (“MAI”) prepared in accordance with the requirements of the FIRREA;
(g) comply as of the date of substitution in all material respects with all of the representations and warranties set forth in the related MLPA;
(h) have an environmental report that indicates no material adverse environmental conditions with respect to the related Mortgaged Property and that will be delivered as a part of the related Mortgage File;
(i) have a then-current debt service coverage ratio at least equal to the greater of (i) the original debt service coverage ratio of the removed Mortgage Loan as of the Closing Date and (ii) 1.25x;
(j) constitute a “qualified replacement mortgage” within the meaning of Code Section 860G(a)(4) as evidenced by an opinion of counsel (provided at the related mortgage loan seller’s expense);
(k) not have a maturity date or an amortization period that extends to a date that is after the date five years prior to the Rated Final Distribution Date;
(l) have comparable prepayment restrictions to those of the removed Mortgage Loan;
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(m) not be substituted for a removed Mortgage Loan unless the trustee and the certificate administrator have received a Rating Agency Confirmation from each of the Rating Agencies (the cost, if any, of obtaining such Rating Agency Confirmation to be paid by the related mortgage loan seller);
(n) have been approved, so long as no Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing and the affected Mortgage Loan is not an Excluded Loan with respect to either the Directing Certificateholder or the holder of the majority of the Controlling Class, by the Directing Certificateholder;
(o) prohibit defeasance within two years of the Closing Date;
(p) not be substituted for a removed Mortgage Loan if it would result in the termination of the REMIC status of any Trust REMIC or the imposition of tax on the Trust or any Trust REMIC other than a tax on income expressly permitted or contemplated to be imposed by the terms of the PSA, as determined by an opinion of counsel at the cost of the related mortgage loan seller;
(q) have an engineering report that indicates no material adverse property condition or deferred maintenance with respect to the related Mortgaged Property that will be delivered as a part of the related servicing file; and
(r) be current in the payment of all scheduled payments of principal and interest then due.
In the event that more than one Mortgage Loan is substituted for a removed Mortgage Loan or Mortgage Loans, then (x) the amounts described in clause (a) are required to be determined on the basis of aggregate principal balances and (y) each such proposed Qualified Substitute Mortgage Loan must individually satisfy each of the requirements specified in clauses (b) through (r) of the preceding sentence, except (z) the rates described in clause (b) above and the remaining term to stated maturity referred to in clause (e) above are required to be determined on a weighted average basis, provided that no individual Mortgage Rate (net of the Servicing Fee Rate, the Certificate Administrator/Trustee Fee Rate, the Operating Advisor Fee Rate, the Asset Representations Reviewer Fee Rate and the CREFC® Intellectual Property Royalty License Fee Rate) may be lower than the highest fixed Pass-Through Rate (not based on or subject to a cap equal to or based on the WAC Rate) of any class of Principal Balance Certificates having a principal balance then-outstanding. When a Qualified Substitute Mortgage Loan is substituted for a removed Mortgage Loan, the applicable mortgage loan seller will be required to certify that the Mortgage Loan meets all of the requirements of the above definition and send the certification to the trustee the certificate administrator and, prior to the occurrence and continuance of a Consultation Termination Event, the Directing Certificateholder.
The foregoing repurchase or substitution obligation or the obligation to pay the Loss of Value Payment will constitute the sole remedy available to the Certificateholders and the trustee under the PSA for any uncured breach of any mortgage loan seller’s representations and warranties regarding the Mortgage Loans or any uncured document defect; provided that if any breach pertains to a representation or warranty that the related Mortgage Loan documents or any particular Mortgage Loan document requires the related borrower to bear the costs and expenses associated with any particular action or matter under such Mortgage Loan document(s), then the applicable mortgage loan seller may cure such breach within the applicable cure period (as the same may be extended) by reimbursing the issuing entity (by wire transfer of immediately available funds) for (i) the reasonable amount of any such costs and expenses incurred by parties to the PSA or the issuing entity that are incurred as
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a result of such breach and have not been reimbursed by the related borrower and (ii) the amount of any fees of the asset representations reviewer attributable to the Asset Review of such Mortgage Loan; provided, further, that in the event any such costs and expenses exceed $10,000, the applicable mortgage loan seller will have the option to either repurchase or substitute for the related Mortgage Loan as provided above or pay such costs and expenses. The applicable mortgage loan seller will remit the amount of these costs and expenses and upon its making such remittance, the applicable mortgage loan seller (or other applicable party) will be deemed to have cured the breach in all respects. The applicable mortgage loan seller will be the sole warranting party in respect of the Mortgage Loans sold by that mortgage loan seller to the depositor, and none of its affiliates and no other person will be obligated to repurchase or replace any affected Mortgage Loan or make a Loss of Value Payment in connection with a breach of any representation and warranty or in connection with a document defect if the applicable mortgage loan seller defaults on its obligation to do so.
Dispute Resolution Provisions
The mortgage loan seller will be subject to the dispute resolution provisions described under “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Dispute Resolution Provisions” to the extent those provisions are triggered with respect to any mortgage loan sold to the depositor by the mortgage loan seller and will be obligated under the related MLPA to comply with all applicable provisions and to take part in any mediation or arbitration proceedings that may result.
Asset Review Obligations
The mortgage loan seller will be obligated to perform its obligations described under “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—The Asset Representations Reviewer—Asset Review” relating to any Asset Reviews performed by the asset representations reviewer, and the mortgage loan seller will have the rights described under that heading.
Pooling and Servicing Agreement
General
The servicing and administration of the Mortgage Loans (other than any Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan), any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan and any related REO Properties (including any interest of the holder of any Companion Loan in the REO Property acquired with respect to any Serviced Whole Loan) will be governed by the PSA and any related Intercreditor Agreement.
Each Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan, the related Non-Serviced Companion Loans and any related REO Properties (including the issuing entity’s interest in REO Property acquired with respect to a Non-Serviced Whole Loan) will be serviced by the related Non-Serviced Master Servicer and the related Non-Serviced Special Servicer under the related Non-Serviced PSA in accordance with such Non-Serviced PSA and the related Intercreditor Agreement. Unless otherwise specifically stated and except where the context otherwise indicates (such as with respect to P&I Advances), discussions in this section or in any other section of this prospectus regarding the servicing and administration of the Mortgage Loans should be deemed to include the servicing and administration of the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loans but not to include any Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan, any Non-Serviced Companion Loan and any related REO Property.
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The following summaries describe certain provisions of the PSA relating to the servicing and administration of the Mortgage Loans (excluding each Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan), any related Companion Loan and any related REO Properties. In the case of any Serviced Whole Loan, certain provisions of the related Intercreditor Agreement are described under “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans—The Serviced Pari Passu Whole Loans”.
Certain provisions of each Non-Serviced PSA relating to the servicing and administration of the related Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan, the related Non-Serviced Companion Loans, the related REO Properties and the related Intercreditor Agreement are summarized under “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans—The Non-Serviced Whole Loan” and “—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan” below.
Assignment of the Mortgage Loans
The depositor will purchase the Mortgage Loans to be included in the issuing entity on or before the Closing Date from each of the mortgage loan sellers pursuant to separate MLPAs. See “Transaction Parties—The Sponsors and Mortgage Loan Sellers” and “Description of the Mortgage Loan Purchase Agreements”.
On the Closing Date, the depositor will sell, transfer or otherwise convey, assign or cause the assignment of the Mortgage Loans, without recourse, together with the depositor’s rights and remedies against the mortgage loan sellers under the MLPAs, to the trustee for the benefit of the holders of the certificates. On or prior to the Closing Date, the depositor will require each mortgage loan seller to deliver to the certificate administrator, in its capacity as custodian, the Mortgage Notes and certain other documents and instruments with respect to each Mortgage Loan (other than any Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) or Serviced Whole Loan. The custodian will hold such documents in the name of the issuing entity for the benefit of the holders of the certificates. The custodian is obligated to review certain documents for each Mortgage Loan within 60 days of the Closing Date and report any missing documents or certain types of document defects to the parties to the PSA, the Directing Certificateholder (for so long as no Consultation Termination Event has occurred and is continuing and other than in respect of an Excluded Loan with respect to either the Directing Certificateholder or the holder of the majority of the Controlling Class) and the related mortgage loan seller.
In addition, pursuant to the related MLPA, each mortgage loan seller will be required to deliver the Diligence File for each of its Mortgage Loans to the depositor by uploading such Diligence File to the designated website within 60 days following the Closing Date, and the depositor will deliver to the certificate administrator an electronic copy of such Diligence Files to be posted to the secure data room.
Pursuant to the PSA, the depositor will assign to the trustee for the benefit of Certificateholders the representations and warranties made by the mortgage loan sellers to the depositor in the MLPAs and any rights and remedies that the depositor has against the mortgage loan sellers under the MLPAs with respect to any Material Defect. See “—Enforcement of Mortgage Loan Seller’s Obligations Under the MLPA” below and “Description of the Mortgage Loan Purchase Agreements”.
Servicing Standard
The master servicer and the special servicer will be required to diligently service and administer the Mortgage Loans (excluding each Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan), any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan and the related REO Properties (other than any REO
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Property related to a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) for which it is responsible in accordance with applicable law, the terms of the PSA, the Mortgage Loan documents, and the related Intercreditor Agreements and, to the extent consistent with the foregoing, in accordance with the higher of the following standards of care: (1) the same manner in which, and with the same care, skill, prudence and diligence with which the master servicer or special servicer, as the case may be, services and administers similar mortgage loans for other third-party portfolios, and (2) the same care, skill, prudence and diligence with which the master servicer or special servicer, as the case may be, services and administers similar mortgage loans owned by the master servicer or special servicer, as the case may be, with a view to: (A) the timely recovery of all payments of principal and interest under the Mortgage Loans or any Serviced Whole Loan or (B) in the case of a Specially Serviced Loan or an REO Property, the maximization of recovery of principal and interest on a net present value basis on the Mortgage Loans and any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan, and the best interests of the issuing entity and the certificateholders (as a collective whole as if such Certificateholders constituted a single lender) (and, in the case of any Whole Loan, the best interests of the issuing entity, the Certificateholders and the holder of the related Companion Loan (as a collective whole as if such Certificateholders and the holder or holders of the related Companion Loan constituted a single lender), taking into account the pari passu nature of the related Companion Loan), as determined by the master servicer or special servicer, as the case may be, in its reasonable judgment, in either case giving due consideration to the customary and usual standards of practice of prudent, institutional commercial, multifamily and manufactured housing community mortgage loan servicers, but without regard to any conflict of interest arising from:
(A) any relationship that the master servicer or special servicer, as the case may be, or any of their respective affiliates, may have with any of the underlying borrowers, the sponsors, the mortgage loan sellers, the originators, any party to the PSA or any affiliate of the foregoing;
(B) the ownership of any certificate (or any interest in any Companion Loan, mezzanine loan or subordinate debt relating to a Mortgage Loan) by the master servicer or special servicer, as the case may be, or any of their respective affiliates;
(C) the obligation, if any, of the master servicer to make advances;
(D) the right of the master servicer or special servicer, as the case may be, or any of its affiliates to receive compensation or reimbursement of costs under the PSA generally or with respect to any particular transaction;
(E) the ownership, servicing or management for others of (i) a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan and a Non-Serviced Companion Loan or (ii) any other mortgage loans, subordinate debt, mezzanine loans or properties not covered by the PSA or held by the issuing entity by the master servicer or special servicer, as the case may be, or any of its affiliates;
(F) any debt that the master servicer or special servicer, as the case may be, or any of its affiliates, has extended to any underlying borrower or an affiliate of any borrower (including, without limitation, any mezzanine financing);
(G) any option to purchase any Mortgage Loan or the related Companion Loan the master servicer or special servicer, as the case may be, or any of its affiliates, may have; and
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(H) any obligation of the master servicer or special servicer, or any of their respective affiliates, to repurchase or substitute for a Mortgage Loan as a mortgage loan seller (if the master servicer or special servicer or any of their respective affiliates is a mortgage loan seller) (the foregoing, collectively referred to as the “Servicing Standard”).
All net present value calculations and determinations made under the PSA with respect to any Mortgage Loan, Mortgaged Property or REO Property (including for purposes of the definition of “Servicing Standard” set forth above) will be made in accordance with the Mortgage Loan documents or, in the event the Mortgage Loan documents are silent, by using a discount rate (i) for principal and interest payments on the Mortgage Loan or Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan or sale by the special servicer of a Defaulted Loan, the highest of (1) the rate determined by the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, that approximates the market rate that would be obtainable by the related borrower on similar non-defaulted debt of such borrower as of such date of determination, (2) the Mortgage Rate and (3) the yield on 10-year U.S. treasuries as of such date of determination and (ii) for all other cash flows, including property cash flow, the “discount rate” set forth in the most recent appraisal (or updated appraisal) of the related Mortgaged Property.
In the case of each Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan, the master servicer and the special servicer will be required to act in accordance with the Servicing Standard with respect to any action required to be taken regarding such Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan pursuant to their respective obligations under the PSA.
Subservicing
The master servicer and the special servicer may delegate and/or assign some or all of its respective servicing obligations and duties with respect to some or all of the Mortgage Loans (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) and any Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan for which it is responsible to one or more third-party sub-servicers, provided that the master servicer and the special servicer, as applicable, will remain obligated under the PSA. A sub-servicer may be an affiliate of the depositor, the master servicer or the special servicer. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the special servicer may not enter into any sub-servicing agreement that provides for the performance by third parties of any or all of its obligations under the PSA without, prior to the occurrence and continuance of a Control Termination Event and other than with respect to any Mortgage Loan that is an Excluded Loan with respect to the Directing Certificateholder or the holder of the majority of the Controlling Class, the consent of the Directing Certificateholder, except to the extent necessary for the special servicer to comply with applicable regulatory requirements.
Each sub-servicing agreement between the master servicer or special servicer and a sub-servicer (a “Sub-Servicing Agreement”) will generally be required to provide that (i) if for any reason the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, is no longer acting in that capacity (including, without limitation, by reason of a Servicer Termination Event), the trustee or any successor master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, may, except with respect to certain initial Sub-Servicing Agreements, assume or terminate such party’s rights and obligations under such Sub-Servicing Agreement and (ii) the sub-servicer will be in default under such Sub-Servicing Agreement and such Sub-Servicing Agreement will be terminated (following the expiration of any applicable grace period) if the sub-servicer fails (A) to deliver by the due date any Exchange Act reporting items required to be delivered to the master servicer, the certificate administrator or the depositor pursuant to the PSA or such Sub-Servicing Agreement or to the master servicer under any other pooling and servicing agreement that the depositor is a party to, or (B) to perform in any material respect any of its covenants or obligations contained in such Sub-Servicing Agreement
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regarding creating, obtaining or delivering any Exchange Act reporting items required in order for any party to the PSA to perform its obligations under the PSA or under the Exchange Act reporting requirements of any other pooling and servicing agreement to which the depositor is a party. The master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, will be required to monitor the performance of sub-servicers retained by it and will have the right to remove a sub-servicer retained by it at any time it considers removal to be in the best interests of Certificateholders. However, no sub-servicer will be permitted under any Sub-Servicing Agreement to make material servicing decisions, such as loan modifications or determinations as to the manner or timing of enforcing remedies under the Mortgage Loan documents, without the consent of the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable.
Generally, the master servicer will be solely liable for all fees owed by it to any sub-servicer retained by the master servicer, without regard to whether the master servicer’s compensation pursuant to the PSA is sufficient to pay those fees. Each sub-servicer will be required to be reimbursed by the master servicer for certain expenditures which such sub-servicer makes, only to the same extent the master servicer is reimbursed under the PSA.
Advances
P&I Advances
On the business day immediately preceding each Distribution Date (the “P&I Advance Date”), except as otherwise described below, the master servicer will be obligated, unless determined to be nonrecoverable as described below, to make advances (each, a “P&I Advance”) out of its own funds or, subject to the replacement of those funds as provided in the PSA, certain funds held in the Collection Account that are not required to be part of the Aggregate Available Funds for that Distribution Date, in an amount equal to (but subject to reduction as described below) the aggregate of:
(1) all Periodic Payments (other than balloon payments) (net of any applicable Servicing Fees) that were due on the Mortgage Loans (including any Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) and any REO Loan (other than any portion of an REO Loan related to a Companion Loan) during the related Collection Period and not received as of the business day preceding the P&I Advance Date; and
(2) in the case of each Mortgage Loan that is delinquent in respect of its balloon payment as of the P&I Advance Date (including any REO Loan (other than any portion of an REO Loan related to a Companion Loan) as to which the balloon payment would have been past due), an amount equal to its Assumed Scheduled Payment.
The master servicer’s obligations to make P&I Advances in respect of any Mortgage Loan (including any Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) or REO Loan (other than any portion of an REO Loan related to a Companion Loan) will continue, except if a determination as to non-recoverability is made, through and up to liquidation of the Mortgage Loan or disposition of the REO Property, as the case may be. To the extent that the master servicer fails to make a P&I Advance that it is required to make under the PSA, the trustee will be required to make the required P&I Advance in accordance with the terms of the PSA.
If an Appraisal Reduction Amount has been determined with respect to any Mortgage Loan (or, in the case of a Non-Serviced Whole Loan, an appraisal reduction has been made in accordance with the related Non-Serviced PSA and the master servicer has notice of such appraisal reduction amount) and such Mortgage Loan experiences subsequent delinquencies, then the interest portion of any P&I Advance in respect of that Mortgage
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Loan for the related Distribution Date will be reduced (there will be no reduction in the principal portion, if any, of such P&I Advance) to equal the product of (x) the amount of the interest portion of the P&I Advance for that Mortgage Loan for the related Distribution Date without regard to this sentence, and (y) a fraction, expressed as a percentage, the numerator of which is equal to the Stated Principal Balance of that Mortgage Loan immediately prior to the related Distribution Date, net of the related Appraisal Reduction Amount (or, in the case of any Whole Loan, the portion of such Appraisal Reduction Amount allocated to the related Mortgage Loan), if any, and the denominator of which is equal to the Stated Principal Balance of that Mortgage Loan immediately prior to the related Distribution Date.
Neither the master servicer nor the trustee will be required to make a P&I Advance for a balloon payment, default interest, late payment charges, Yield Maintenance Charges, Prepayment Premiums or Excess Interest or with respect to any Companion Loan.
Servicing Advances
In addition to P&I Advances, except as otherwise described under “—Recovery of Advances” below and except in certain limited circumstances described below, the master servicer will also be obligated (subject to the limitations described in this prospectus), to make advances (“Servicing Advances” and, collectively with P&I Advances, “Advances”) in connection with the servicing and administration of any Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) and any related Companion Loan, as applicable, in respect of which a default, delinquency or other unanticipated event has occurred or is reasonably foreseeable, or, in connection with the servicing and administration of any Mortgaged Property securing such Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) or REO Property (other than REO Property related to a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan), in order to pay delinquent real estate taxes, assessments and hazard insurance premiums and to cover other similar costs and expenses necessary to preserve the priority of or enforce the related Mortgage Loan documents or to protect, lease, manage and maintain the related Mortgaged Property. To the extent that the master servicer fails to make a Servicing Advance that it is required to make under the PSA and the trustee has received notice or otherwise has actual knowledge of this failure, the trustee will be required to make the required Servicing Advance in accordance with the terms of the PSA.
However, none of the master servicer, the special servicer or the trustee will make any Servicing Advance in connection with the exercise of any cure rights or purchase rights granted to the holder of a Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan under the related Intercreditor Agreement or the PSA.
The special servicer will have no obligation to make any Servicing Advances. However, in an urgent or emergency situation requiring the making of a Servicing Advance, the special servicer may make such Servicing Advance, and the master servicer will be required to reimburse the special servicer for such Advance (with interest on that Advance) within a specified number of days as set forth in the PSA, unless such Advance is determined to be nonrecoverable by the master servicer in its reasonable judgment (in which case it will be reimbursed out of the Collection Account). Once the special servicer is reimbursed, the master servicer will be deemed to have made the special servicer’s Servicing Advance as of the date made by the special servicer, and will be entitled to reimbursement with interest on that Advance in accordance with the terms of the PSA.
No Servicing Advances will be made with respect to any Serviced Whole Loan if the related Mortgage Loan is no longer held by the issuing entity or if such Serviced Whole Loan is no longer serviced under the PSA and no Servicing Advances will be made for any
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Non-Serviced Whole Loans under the PSA. Any requirement of the master servicer or the trustee to make an Advance in the PSA is intended solely to provide liquidity for the benefit of the Certificateholders and not as credit support or otherwise to impose on any such person the risk of loss with respect to one or more Mortgage Loans or the related Companion Loan.
The master servicer will also be obligated to make Servicing Advances with respect to any Serviced Whole Loan. With respect to a Non-Serviced Whole Loan, the applicable servicer under the related Non-Serviced PSA will be obligated to make property protection advances with respect to such Non-Serviced Whole Loan. See “—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan” below and “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans—The Non-Serviced Whole Loan”.
Nonrecoverable Advances
Notwithstanding the foregoing, none of the master servicer, the special servicer or the trustee will be obligated to make any Advance that it determines in its reasonable judgment would, if made, not be recoverable (including recovery of interest on the Advance) out of Related Proceeds (a “Nonrecoverable Advance”). In addition, the special servicer may, at its option make a determination in accordance with the Servicing Standard that any P&I Advance or Servicing Advance, if made, would be a Nonrecoverable Advance, and if it makes such a determination, must deliver to the master servicer (and, with respect to a Serviced Pari Passu Mortgage Loan, to the master servicer or special servicer under the pooling and servicing agreement governing any securitization trust into which the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan is deposited, and, with respect to each Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan, the related Non-Serviced Master Servicer and Non-Serviced Special Servicer), the certificate administrator, the trustee, the operating advisor and the 17g-5 Information Provider notice of such determination, which determination will be conclusively relied upon by the master servicer and the trustee. The special servicer will have no such obligation to make an affirmative determination that any P&I Advance or Servicing Advance is, or would be, recoverable, and in the absence of a determination by the special servicer that such an Advance is non-recoverable, each such decision will remain with the master servicer or the trustee, as applicable. If the special servicer makes a determination that only a portion, and not all, of any previously made or proposed P&I Advance or Servicing Advance is non-recoverable, the master servicer and the trustee will have the right to make its own subsequent determination that any remaining portion of any such previously made or proposed P&I Advance or Servicing Advance is non-recoverable.
In making such non-recoverability determination, each person will be entitled to consider (among other things): (a) (i) the obligations of the borrower under the terms of the related Mortgage Loan or Companion Loan, as applicable, as it may have been modified, and (ii) the related Mortgaged Properties in their “as-is” or then-current conditions and occupancies, as modified by such party’s assumptions regarding the possibility and effects of future adverse change with respect to such Mortgaged Properties, (b) estimated future expenses, (c) estimated timing of recoveries, and (d) the existence of any Nonrecoverable Advances which, at the time of such consideration, the recovery of which are being deferred or delayed by the master servicer or the trustee because there is insufficient principal available for such recovery, in light of the fact that Related Proceeds are a source of recovery not only for the Advance under consideration but also a potential source of recovery for such delayed or deferred Advance. In addition, any such person may update or change its recoverability determinations (but not reverse any other person’s determination that an Advance is non-recoverable) at any time and may obtain at the expense of the issuing entity any reasonably required analysis, appraisals or market value estimates or
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other information for such purposes. Absent bad faith, any non-recoverability determination described in this paragraph will be conclusive and binding on the Certificateholders, and may be conclusively relied upon by, but (other than a non-recoverability determination by the special servicer) is not binding upon, the master servicer and the trustee. The master servicer and the trustee will be entitled to rely conclusively on and will be bound by any non-recoverability determination of the special servicer. Nonrecoverable Advances will represent a portion of the losses to be borne by the Certificateholders.
With respect to a Non-Serviced Whole Loan, if any servicer under the related Non-Serviced PSA determines that a principal and interest advance with respect to the related Non-Serviced Companion Loan, if made, would be non-recoverable, such determination will not be binding on the master servicer and the trustee as it relates to any proposed P&I Advance with respect to such Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan. Similarly, with respect to a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan, if the master servicer or the special servicer determines that any P&I Advance with respect to such Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan, if made, would be non-recoverable, such determination will not be binding on the related Non-Serviced Master Servicer and Non-Serviced Trustee as such determination relates to any proposed P&I Advance with respect to the related Non-Serviced Companion Loan (unless the related Non-Serviced PSA provides otherwise).
Recovery of Advances
The master servicer, the special servicer and the trustee, as applicable, will be entitled to recover (a) any Servicing Advance made out of its own funds from any amounts collected in respect of a Mortgage Loan (or, consistent with the related Intercreditor Agreement, a Serviced Whole Loan) as to which such Servicing Advance was made, and (b) any P&I Advance made out of its own funds from any amounts collected in respect of the Mortgage Loan as to which such P&I Advance was made, whether in the form of late payments, insurance and condemnation proceeds, liquidation proceeds or otherwise from the related Mortgage Loan or Mortgaged Property (“Related Proceeds”). Each of the master servicer, the special servicer and the trustee will be entitled to recover any Advance by it that it subsequently determines to be a Nonrecoverable Advance out of general collections on or relating to the Mortgage Loans on deposit in the Collection Account (first from principal collections and then from any other collections). Amounts payable in respect of any Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan pursuant to the related Intercreditor Agreement will not be available for distributions on the certificates or for the reimbursement of Nonrecoverable Advances of principal or interest with respect to the related Mortgage Loan, but will be available, in accordance with the PSA and related Intercreditor Agreement, for the reimbursement of any Servicing Advances with respect to the related Serviced Whole Loan. If a Servicing Advance by the master servicer or the special servicer (or trustee, as applicable) on a Serviced Whole Loan becomes a Nonrecoverable Advance and the master servicer, the special servicer or the trustee, as applicable, is unable to recover such amounts from related proceeds or the related Companion Loan, as applicable, the master servicer, the special servicer or the trustee (as applicable) will be permitted to recover such Nonrecoverable Advance (including interest thereon) out of general collections on or relating to the Mortgage Loans on deposit in the Collection Account.
If the funds in the Collection Account relating to the Mortgage Loans allocable to principal on the Mortgage Loans are insufficient to fully reimburse the party entitled to reimbursement, then such party as an accommodation may elect, on a monthly basis, at its sole option and discretion to defer reimbursement of the portion that exceeds such amount allocable to principal (in which case interest will continue to accrue on the unreimbursed portion of the advance) for a time as required to reimburse the excess portion from principal
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for a consecutive period up to 12 months (provided that, other than in the case of an Excluded Loan with respect to the Directing Certificateholder or the holder of the majority of the Controlling Class, any such deferral exceeding 6 months will require, prior to the occurrence and continuance of any Control Termination Event, the consent of the Directing Certificateholder) and any election to so defer will be deemed to be in accordance with the Servicing Standard; provided that no such deferral may occur at any time to the extent that amounts otherwise distributable as principal are available for such reimbursement.
In connection with a potential election by the master servicer or the trustee to refrain from the reimbursement of all or a portion of a particular Nonrecoverable Advance during the one month collection period ending on the related Determination Date for any Distribution Date, the master servicer or the trustee will be authorized to wait for principal collections on the Mortgage Loans to be received until the end of such collection period before making its determination of whether to refrain from the reimbursement of all or a portion of a particular Nonrecoverable Advance; provided, however, that if, at any time the master servicer or the trustee, as applicable, elects, in its sole discretion, not to refrain from obtaining such reimbursement or otherwise determines that the reimbursement of a Nonrecoverable Advance during a one month collection period will exceed the full amount of the principal portion of general collections on or relating to the Mortgage Loans deposited in the Collection Account for such Distribution Date, then the master servicer or the trustee, as applicable, will be required to use its reasonable efforts to give the 17g-5 Information Provider 15 days’ notice of such determination for posting on the 17g-5 Information Provider’s website, unless extraordinary circumstances make such notice impractical, which means (1) that party determines in its sole discretion that waiting 15 days after such a notice could jeopardize its ability to recover such Nonrecoverable Advance, (2) changed circumstances or new or different information becomes known to that party that could affect or cause a determination or whether any Advance is a Nonrecoverable Advance or whether to deter reimbursement of a Nonrecoverable Advance or the determination in clause (1) above, or (3) in the case of the master servicer, it has not timely received from the trustee information required by the master servicer to consider in determining whether to defer reimbursement of a Nonrecoverable Advance. If any of the circumstances described in clause (1), clause (2) or clause (3) above apply, the master servicer or trustee, as applicable, must give the 17g-5 Information Provider notice (in accordance with the procedures regarding Rule 17g-5 set forth in the PSA) of the anticipated reimbursement as soon as reasonably practicable. Notwithstanding the foregoing, failure to give such notice will in no way affect the master servicer’s or the trustee’s election whether to refrain from obtaining such reimbursement or right to obtain reimbursement.
The master servicer, the special servicer and the trustee will be entitled to recover any Advance that is outstanding at the time that a Mortgage Loan is modified but is not repaid in full by the borrower in connection with such modification but becomes an obligation of the borrower to pay such amounts in the future (such Advance, together with interest on that Advance, a “Workout-Delayed Reimbursement Amount”) out of principal collections on the Mortgage Loans in the Collection Account.
Any amount that constitutes all or a portion of any Workout-Delayed Reimbursement Amount may in the future be determined to constitute a Nonrecoverable Advance and thereafter will be recoverable as any other Nonrecoverable Advance.
In connection with its recovery of any Advance, each of the master servicer, the special servicer and the trustee will be entitled to be paid, out of any amounts relating to the Mortgage Loans then on deposit in the Collection Account, interest at the Prime Rate (the “Reimbursement Rate”) accrued on the amount of the Advance from the date made to, but not including, the date of reimbursement. Neither the master servicer nor the trustee will
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be entitled to interest on P&I Advances if the related Periodic Payment is received on or before the related Due Date and any applicable grace period has expired or if the related Periodic Payment is received after the Determination Date but on or prior to the P&I Advance Date. The “Prime Rate” will be the prime rate, for any day, set forth in The Wall Street Journal, New York City edition.
See “—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan” for reimbursements of servicing advances made in respect of a Non-Serviced Whole Loan under the related Non-Serviced PSA.
Accounts
The master servicer is required to establish and maintain, or cause to be established and maintained, one or more accounts and subaccounts (collectively, the “Collection Account”) in its own name on behalf of the trustee and for the benefit of the Certificateholders. The master servicer is required to deposit in the Collection Account on a daily basis (and in no event later than the 2nd business day following receipt in available and properly identified funds) all payments and collections due after the Cut-off Date and other amounts received or advanced with respect to the Mortgage Loans (including, without limitation, all proceeds (the “Insurance and Condemnation Proceeds”) received under any hazard, title or other insurance policy that provides coverage with respect to a Mortgaged Property or the related Mortgage Loan or in connection with the full or partial condemnation of a Mortgaged Property (other than proceeds applied to the restoration of the Mortgaged Property or released to the related borrower in accordance with the Servicing Standard (or, if applicable, the special servicer) and/or the terms and conditions of the related Mortgage) and all other amounts received and retained in connection with the liquidation of any Mortgage Loan that is defaulted and any related defaulted Companion Loan or property acquired by foreclosure or otherwise (the “Liquidation Proceeds”)) together with the net operating income (less reasonable reserves for future expenses) derived from the operation of any REO Properties. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the collections on any Whole Loan will be limited to the portion of such amounts that are payable to the holder of the related Mortgage Loan pursuant to the related Intercreditor Agreement.
The master servicer will also be required to establish and maintain a segregated custodial account (each, a “Companion Distribution Account”) with respect to any Serviced Companion Loan, which may be a sub-account of the Collection Account, and deposit amounts collected in respect of such Serviced Companion Loan in such Companion Distribution Account. The issuing entity will only be entitled to amounts on deposit in any Companion Distribution Account to the extent these funds are not otherwise payable to the holder of a Serviced Companion Loan or payable or reimbursable to any party to the PSA. Any amounts in a Companion Distribution Account to which the issuing entity is entitled will be transferred on a monthly basis to the Collection Account.
With respect to each Distribution Date, the master servicer will be required to disburse from the Collection Account and remit to the certificate administrator for deposit into the Lower-Tier REMIC Distribution Account, to the extent of funds on deposit in the Collection Account, on the related P&I Advance Date, the Aggregate Available Funds for such Distribution Date and any Yield Maintenance Charges or Prepayment Premiums received as of the related Determination Date. The certificate administrator is required to establish and maintain various accounts, including a “Lower-Tier REMIC Distribution Account” and a “Upper-Tier REMIC Distribution Account”, both of which may be sub-accounts of a single account, (collectively, the “Distribution Accounts”), in its own name on behalf of the trustee and for the benefit of the Certificateholders.
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On each Distribution Date, the certificate administrator is required to apply amounts on deposit in the Upper-Tier REMIC Distribution Account (which will include all funds that were remitted by the master servicer from the Collection Account, plus, among other things, any P&I Advances less amounts, if any, distributable to the Class R and Class V certificates) as set forth in the PSA generally to make distributions of interest and principal from Available Funds to the holders of the Regular Certificates (other than the RRI Interest) and to make distributions of interest and principal from Retained Certificate Available Funds to the holders of the RRI Interest, as described under “Description of the Certificates—Distributions—Priority of Distributions” and “Credit Risk Retention—RRI Interest—Priority of Distributions”, respectively.
The certificate administrator is also required to establish and maintain an account (the “Interest Reserve Account”) which may be a sub-account of the Distribution Account, in its own name on behalf of the trustee for the benefit of the Certificateholders. On the P&I Advance Date occurring each February and on any P&I Advance Date occurring in any January which occurs in a year that is not a leap year (in each case, unless the related Distribution Date is the final Distribution Date), the certificate administrator will be required to deposit amounts remitted by the master servicer or P&I Advances made on the related Mortgage Loans into the Interest Reserve Account during the related interest period, in respect of the Mortgage Loans that accrue interest on an Actual/360 Basis (collectively, the “Actual/360 Loans”), in an amount equal to one day’s interest at the Net Mortgage Rate for each such Actual/360 Loan on its Stated Principal Balance and as of the Distribution Date in the month preceding the month in which the P&I Advance Date occurs, to the extent a Periodic Payment or P&I Advance or other deposit is made in respect of the Mortgage Loans (all amounts so deposited in any consecutive January (if applicable) and February, “Withheld Amounts”). On the P&I Advance Date occurring each March (or February, if the related Distribution Date is the final Distribution Date), the certificate administrator will be required to withdraw from the Interest Reserve Account an amount equal to the Withheld Amounts from the preceding January (if applicable) and February, if any, and deposit that amount into the Lower-Tier REMIC Distribution Account.
The certificate administrator is also required to establish and maintain an account (the “Excess Interest Distribution Account”), which may be a sub-account of the Distribution Account, in the name of the trustee for the benefit of the holders of the Class V certificates and the RRI Interest. Prior to the applicable Distribution Date, the master servicer is required to remit to the certificate administrator for deposit into the Excess Interest Distribution Account an amount equal to the Excess Interest received by the master servicer on or prior to the related Determination Date.
The certificate administrator may be required to establish and maintain two accounts (the “Gain-on-Sale Reserve Account” and the “Retained Certificate Gain-on-Sale Reserve Account”), each of which may be a sub-account of the Distribution Account, in its own name on behalf of the trustee for the benefit of the Certificateholders of the Non-Retained Certificates and of the RRI Interest, respectively. To the extent that any gains are realized on sales of Mortgaged Properties (or, with respect to any Whole Loan, the portion of such amounts that are payable on the related Mortgage Loan pursuant to the related Intercreditor Agreement), the amounts will be deposited into the Gain-on-Sale Reserve Account in an amount equal to the Non-Retained Percentage multiplied by such amounts and into the Retained Certificate Gain-on-Sale Reserve Account in an amount equal to the Retained Certificate Risk Retention Percentage multiplied by such amounts. Amounts in the Gain-on-Sale Reserve Account will be applied on the applicable Distribution Date as part of Available Funds to all amounts due and payable on the Regular Certificates (other than the RRI Interest) (including to reimburse for Realized Losses previously allocated to such
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certificates), and the amounts in the Retained Certificate Gain-on-Sale Reserve Account will be applied on the applicable Distribution Date as part of Retained Certificate Available Funds to all amounts due and payable on the RRI Interest (including to reimburse for Retained Certificate Realized Losses previously allocated to such certificates). Any remaining amounts will be held in the Gain-on-Sale Reserve Account and Retained Certificate Gain-on-Sale Reserve Account, as applicable, to offset shortfalls and losses incurred on subsequent Distribution Dates as described above. Any remaining amounts not necessary to offset any shortfalls or losses on the final Distribution Date will be distributed on the Class R certificates after all amounts payable to the Regular Certificates have been made.
Other accounts to be established pursuant to the PSA are one or more segregated custodial accounts (each, an “REO Account”) for collections from REO Properties. Each REO Account will be maintained by the special servicer in its own name on behalf of the trustee and for the benefit of the Certificateholders.
The Collection Account, the Distribution Accounts, the Interest Reserve Account, the Companion Distribution Account, the Excess Interest Distribution Account, the Gain-on-Sale Reserve Account, the Retained Certificate Gain-on-Sale Reserve Account and the REO Account are collectively referred to as the “Securitization Accounts” (but with respect to any Whole Loan, only to the extent of the issuing entity’s interest in the Whole Loan). Each of the foregoing accounts will be held at a depository institution or trust company meeting the requirements of the PSA.
Amounts on deposit in the foregoing accounts may be invested in certain United States government securities and other investments meeting the requirements of the PSA (“Permitted Investments”). Interest or other income earned on funds in the accounts maintained by the master servicer, the certificate administrator or the special servicer will be payable to each of them as additional compensation, and each of them will be required to bear any losses resulting from its investment of such funds.
Withdrawals from the Collection Account
The master servicer may, from time to time, make withdrawals from the Collection Account (or the applicable subaccount of the Collection Account, exclusive of the applicable Companion Distribution Account that may be a subaccount of the Collection Account) for any of the following purposes, in each case only to the extent permitted under the PSA and with respect to any Serviced Whole Loan, subject to the terms of the related Intercreditor Agreement, without duplication (the order set forth below not constituting an order of priority for such withdrawals):
(i) to remit on each P&I Advance Date (A) to the certificate administrator for deposit into the Lower-Tier REMIC Distribution Account certain portions of the Aggregate Available Funds and any Prepayment Premiums or Yield Maintenance Charges attributable to the Mortgage Loans on the related Distribution Date or (B) to the certificate administrator for deposit into the Excess Interest Distribution Account an amount equal to the Excess Interest received in the applicable one-month period ending on the related Determination Date, if any;
(ii) to pay or reimburse the master servicer, the special servicer and the trustee, as applicable, pursuant to the terms of the PSA for Advances made by any of them and interest on Advances (the master servicer’s, special servicer’s or the trustee’s respective right, as applicable, to reimbursement for items described in this clause (ii) being limited as described above under “—Advances”) (provided that with
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respect to any Serviced Whole Loan, such reimbursements are subject to the terms of the related Intercreditor Agreement);
(iii) to pay to the master servicer and special servicer, as compensation, the aggregate unpaid servicing compensation;
(iv) to pay to the operating advisor the Operating Advisor Consulting Fee (but, with respect to the period when the outstanding Certificate Balances of the Control Eligible Certificates have not been reduced to zero as a result of the allocation of Realized Losses to such certificates, only to the extent actually received from the related borrower) or the Operating Advisor Fee;
(v) to pay to the asset representations reviewer the Asset Representations Reviewer Fee and any unpaid Asset Representations Reviewer Asset Review Fee (but only to the extent such Asset Representations Reviewer Asset Review Fee is to be paid by the issuing entity);
(vi) to reimburse the trustee, the special servicer and the master servicer, as applicable, for certain Nonrecoverable Advances or Workout-Delayed Reimbursement Amounts;
(vii) to reimburse the master servicer, the special servicer or the trustee, as applicable, for any unreimbursed expenses reasonably incurred with respect to each related Mortgage Loan that has been repurchased or substituted by such person pursuant to the PSA or otherwise;
(viii) to reimburse the master servicer or the special servicer for any unreimbursed expenses reasonably incurred by such person in connection with the enforcement of the related mortgage loan seller’s obligations under the applicable section of the related MLPA;
(ix) to pay for any unpaid costs and expenses incurred by the issuing entity;
(x) to pay itself and the special servicer, as applicable, as additional servicing compensation, (A) interest and investment income earned in respect of amounts relating to the issuing entity held in the Collection Account and the Companion Distribution Account (but only to the extent of the net investment earnings during the applicable one month period ending on the related Distribution Date) and (B) certain penalty charges and default interest;
(xi) to recoup any amounts deposited in the Collection Account in error;
(xii) to the extent not reimbursed or paid pursuant to any of the above clauses, to reimburse or pay the master servicer, the special servicer, the operating advisor, the asset representations reviewer, the depositor or any of their respective directors, officers, members, managers, employees and agents, unpaid additional expenses of the issuing entity and certain other unreimbursed expenses incurred by such person pursuant to and to the extent reimbursable under the PSA and to satisfy any indemnification obligations of the issuing entity under the PSA;
(xiii) to pay for the cost of the opinions of counsel or the cost of obtaining any extension to the time in which the issuing entity is permitted to hold REO Property;
(xiv) to pay any applicable federal, state or local taxes imposed on any Trust REMIC, or any of their assets or transactions, together with all incidental costs and
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expenses, to the extent that none of the master servicer, the special servicer, the certificate administrator or the trustee is liable under the PSA;
(xv) to pay the CREFC® Intellectual Property Royalty License Fee;
(xvi) to reimburse the certificate administrator out of general collections on the Mortgage Loans and REO Properties for legal expenses incurred by and reimbursable to it by the issuing entity of any administrative or judicial proceedings related to an examination or audit by any governmental taxing authority;
(xvii) to pay the related mortgage loan seller or any other person, with respect to each Mortgage Loan, if any, previously purchased or replaced by such person pursuant to the PSA, all amounts received thereon subsequent to the date of purchase or replacement relating to periods after the date of purchase or replacement;
(xviii) to remit to the certificate administrator for deposit in the Interest Reserve Account the amounts required to be deposited in the Interest Reserve Account pursuant to the PSA;
(xix) to remit to the companion paying agent for deposit into the Companion Distribution Account the amounts required to be deposited pursuant to the PSA; and
(xx) to clear and terminate its Collection Account pursuant to a plan for termination and liquidation of the issuing entity.
No amounts payable or reimbursable to parties to the PSA out of general collections that do not specifically relate to a Serviced Whole Loan may be reimbursable from amounts that would otherwise be payable to the related Companion Loan.
Certain costs and expenses (such as a pro rata share of any related Servicing Advances) allocable to a Mortgage Loan that is part of a Serviced Whole Loan may be paid or reimbursed out of payments and other collections on the other Mortgage Loans, subject to the issuing entity’s right to reimbursement from future payments and other collections on the related Companion Loan or from general collections with respect to the securitization of the related Companion Loan. If the master servicer makes, with respect to any related Serviced Whole Loan, any reimbursement or payment out of the Collection Account to cover the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan’s share of any cost, expense, indemnity, Servicing Advance or interest on such Servicing Advance, or fee with respect to such Serviced Whole Loan, then the master servicer (with respect to a Mortgage Loan that is not a Specially Serviced Loan or a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) or the special servicer (with respect to Specially Serviced Loans and REO Properties) must use efforts consistent with the Servicing Standard to collect such amount out of collections on such Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan or, if and to the extent permitted under the related Intercreditor Agreement, from the holder of the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan.
The master servicer will also be entitled to make withdrawals, from time to time, from the Collection Account of amounts necessary for the payments or reimbursements required to be paid to the parties to the applicable Non-Serviced PSA, pursuant to the applicable Intercreditor Agreement and the applicable Non-Serviced PSA. See “—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan”.
If a P&I Advance is made with respect to any Mortgage Loan (other than any Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) that is part of a Whole Loan, then that P&I Advance, together with interest on such P&I Advance, may only be reimbursed out of future payments and
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collections on that Mortgage Loan or, as and to the extent described under “—Advances” above, on other Mortgage Loans, but not out of payments or other collections on the related Serviced Companion Loan. Likewise, the Certificate Administrator/Trustee Fee and the Operating Advisor Fee that accrue with respect to any Mortgage Loan (other than any Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) that is part of a Whole Loan and any other amounts payable to the operating advisor may only be paid out of payments and other collections on such Mortgage Loan and/or the Mortgage Pool generally, but not out of payments or other collections on the related Serviced Companion Loan.
Servicing and Other Compensation and Payment of Expenses
General
The parties to the PSA other than the depositor will be entitled to payment of certain fees as compensation for services performed under the PSA. Below is a summary of the fees payable to the parties to the PSA from amounts that the issuing entity is entitled to receive. In addition, CREFC® will be entitled to a license fee for use of its names and trademarks, including the CREFC® Investor Reporting Package. Certain additional fees and costs payable by the related borrowers are allocable to the parties to the PSA other than the depositor, but such amounts are not payable from amounts that the issuing entity is entitled to receive.
The amounts available for distribution on the certificates on any Distribution Date will generally be net of the following amounts:
Type/Recipient(1) | Amount(1) | Source(1) | Frequency | |||
Fees | ||||||
Master Servicing Fee / Master Servicer | With respect to the Mortgage Loans and any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan, the product of the monthly portion of the related annual Servicing Fee Rate calculated on the Stated Principal Balance of such Mortgage Loan and Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan. | Out of recoveries of interest with respect to the related Mortgage Loan (and any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan) or if unpaid after final recovery on the related Mortgage Loan, out of general collections on deposit in the Collection Account with respect to the other Mortgage Loans. | Monthly | |||
Special Servicing Fee / Special Servicer | With respect to each Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) and the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan that are Specially Serviced Loans, the product of the monthly portion of the related annual Special Servicing Fee Rate calculated on the Stated Principal Balance of such Specially Serviced Loan. | First, from liquidation proceeds, insurance and condemnation proceeds, and collections in respect of the related Mortgage Loan (and any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan), and then from general collections on deposit in the Collection Account with respect to the other Mortgage Loans. | Monthly |
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Type/Recipient(1) | Amount(1) | Source(1) | Frequency | |||
Workout Fee / Special Servicer(2) | With respect to each Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) and the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan that are Corrected Loans, the Workout Fee Rate multiplied by all payments of interest and principal received on such Mortgage Loan and the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan for so long as they remain a Corrected Loan. | Out of each collection of interest, principal, and prepayment consideration received on the related Mortgage Loan (and each related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan) and then from general collections on deposit in the Collection Account with respect to the other Mortgage Loans. | Time to time | |||
Liquidation Fee / Special Servicer(2) | With respect to each Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) and the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan that are Specially Serviced Loans for which the special servicer obtains a full, partial or discounted payoff or any liquidation proceeds, insurance proceeds and condemnation proceeds, an amount calculated by application of a Liquidation Fee Rate to the related payment or proceeds (exclusive of default interest). | From any liquidation proceeds, insurance proceeds, condemnation proceeds and any other revenues received with respect to the related Mortgage Loan (and each related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan) and then from general collections on deposit in the Collection Account with respect to the other Mortgage Loans. | Time to time | |||
Additional Servicing Compensation / Master Servicer and/or Special Servicer(3) | All modification fees, assumption application fees, defeasance fees, assumption, waiver, consent and earnout fees, late payment charges, default interest and other similar fees actually collected on the Mortgage Loans (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) and any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan. | Related payments made by borrowers with respect to the related Mortgage Loans and any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan. | Time to time | |||
Certificate Administrator/Trustee Fee/Certificate Administrator | With respect to each Distribution Date, an amount equal to the product of the monthly portion of the annual Certificate Administrator/Trustee Fee Rate multiplied by the Stated Principal Balance of each Mortgage Loan. | Out of general collections with respect to Mortgage Loans on deposit in the Collection Account or the Distribution Account. | Monthly |
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Type/Recipient(1) | Amount(1) | Source(1) | Frequency |
Certificate Administrator/Trustee Fee/Trustee | With respect to each Distribution Date, an amount equal to the monthly portion of the annual Certificate Administrator/Trustee Fee | Out of general collections with respect to Mortgage Loans on deposit in the Collection Account or the Distribution Account. | Monthly | |||
Operating Advisor Fee / Operating Advisor | With respect to each Distribution Date, an amount equal to the product of the monthly portion of the annual Operating Advisor Fee Rate multiplied by the Stated Principal Balance of each Mortgage Loan (excluding each Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan and any Companion Loan). | First, out of recoveries of interest with respect to the related Mortgage Loan and then, if the related Mortgage Loan has been liquidated, out of general collections on deposit in the Collection Account with respect to the other Mortgage Loans. | Monthly | |||
Operating Advisor Consulting Fee / Operating Advisor | $10,000 for each Major Decision made with respect to a Mortgage Loan (or, with respect to the period when the outstanding Certificate Balances of the Control Eligible Certificates have not been reduced to zero as a result of the allocation of Realized Losses to such certificates, such lesser amount as the related borrower agrees to pay with respect to such Mortgage Loan). | Payable by the related borrower when incurred during the period when the outstanding Certificate Balances of the Control Eligible Certificates have not been reduced to zero as a result of the allocation of Realized Losses to such certificates; and when incurred subsequent to such period, out of general collections on deposit in the Collection Account. | Time to time | |||
Asset Representations Reviewer Fee / Asset Representations Reviewer | With respect to each Distribution Date, an amount equal to the product of the monthly portion of the annual Asset Representations Reviewer Fee Rate multiplied by the Stated Principal Balance of each Mortgage Loan (including each Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan, but excluding any Companion Loan). | Out of general collections on deposit in the Collection Account. | Monthly |
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Type/Recipient(1) | Amount(1) | Source(1) | Frequency |
Asset Representations Reviewer Upfront Fee | A fee of $5,000 on the Closing Date. | Payable by the mortgage loan sellers. | At closing | |||
Asset Representations Reviewer Asset Review Fee | The sum of: (i) $15,000 multiplied by the number of Subject Loans, plus (ii) $1,500 per Mortgaged Property relating to the Subject Loans in excess of one Mortgaged Property per Subject Loan, plus (iii) $2,000 per Mortgaged Property relating to a Subject Loan subject to a ground lease, plus (iv) $1,000 per Mortgaged Property relating to a Subject Loan subject to a franchise agreement, hotel management agreement or hotel license agreement, subject, in the case of each of clauses (i) through (iv), to adjustments on the basis of the year-end Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers, or other similar index if the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers is no longer calculated, taking into account the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers, or other similar index if the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers is no longer calculated, for the year of the Closing Date and for the year of the occurrence of the Asset Review. | Payable by the related mortgage loan seller; provided, however, that if the related mortgage loan seller is insolvent or fails to pay such amount within 90 days of written request by the asset representations reviewer, such fee will be paid by the trust out of general collections on deposit in the Collection Account. | In connection with each Asset Review with respect to a Delinquent Loan. | |||
Servicing Advances / Master Servicer, Special Servicer or Trustee | To the extent of funds available, the amount of any Servicing Advances. | First, from funds collected with respect to the related Mortgage Loan (and any related Serviced Companion Loan), and then with respect to any Nonrecoverable Advance or a Workout-Delayed Reimbursement Amount, out of general collections with respect to Mortgage Loans on deposit in the Collection Account, subject to certain limitations. | Time to time |
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Type/Recipient(1) | Amount(1) | Source(1) | Frequency |
Interest on Servicing Advances / Master Servicer, Special Servicer or Trustee | At a rate per annum equal to the Reimbursement Rate calculated on the number of days the related Advance remains unreimbursed. | First, out of late payment charges and default interest on the related Mortgage Loan (and any related Serviced Companion Loan), and then, after or at the same time such Servicing Advance is reimbursed, out of any other amounts then on deposit in the Collection Account, subject to certain limitations. | Time to time | |||
P&I Advances / Master Servicer and Trustee | To the extent of funds available, the amount of any P&I Advances. | First, from funds collected with respect to the related Mortgage Loan and then, with respect to a Nonrecoverable Advance or a Workout-Delayed Reimbursement Amount, out of general collections on deposit in the Collection Account. | Time to time | |||
Interest on P&I Advances / Master Servicer and Trustee | At a rate per annum equal to the Reimbursement Rate calculated on the number of days the related Advance remains unreimbursed. | First, out of default interest and late payment charges on the related Mortgage Loan and then, after or at the same time such P&I Advance is reimbursed, out of general collections then on deposit in the Collection Account with respect to the other Mortgage Loans. | Monthly | |||
Indemnification Expenses / Trustee, Certificate Administrator, Depositor, Master Servicer, Special Servicer, Operating Advisor or Asset Representations Reviewer and any director, officer, employee or agent of any of the foregoing parties | Amount to which such party is entitled for indemnification under the PSA. | Out of general collections with respect to Mortgage Loans on deposit in the Collection Account or the Distribution Account (and, under certain circumstances, from collections on any Serviced Companion Loan) | Time to time | |||
CREFC® Intellectual Property Royalty License Fee / CREFC® | With respect to each Distribution Date, an amount equal to the product of the CREFC® Intellectual Property Royalty License Fee Rate multiplied by the outstanding principal amount of each Mortgage Loan. | Out of general collections with respect to Mortgage Loans on deposit in the Collection Account. | Monthly |
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Type/Recipient(1) | Amount(1) | Source(1) | Frequency |
Expenses of the issuing entity not advanced (which may include reimbursable expenses incurred by the operating advisor or asset representations reviewer, expenses relating to environmental remediation or appraisals, expenses of operating REO Property and expenses incurred by any independent contractor hired to operate REO Property) | Based on third party charges. | First from collections on the related Mortgage Loan (income on the related REO Property), if applicable, and then from general collections with respect to Mortgage Loans in the Collection Account (and custodial account with respect to a Serviced Companion Loan, if applicable), subject to certain limitations. |
(1) | With respect to any Mortgage Loan and any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan (or any Specially Serviced Loan) in respect of which an REO Property was acquired, all references to Mortgage Loan, Companion Loan, Specially Serviced Loan in this table will be deemed to also be references to or to also include any REO Loans. |
With respect to each Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan, the related master servicer, special servicer, certificate administrator, trustee, operating advisor, if any, and/or asset representations reviewer, if any, under the related Non-Serviced PSA will be entitled to receive similar fees and reimbursements with respect to that Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan in amounts, from sources and at frequencies that are similar, but not necessarily identical, to those described above and, in certain cases (for example, with respect to unreimbursed special servicing fees and servicing advances with respect to each Non-Serviced Whole Loan), such amounts may be reimbursable from general collections on the other Mortgage Loans to the extent not recoverable from the related Non-Serviced Whole Loan. |
In connection with the servicing and administration of any Serviced Whole Loan pursuant to the terms of the PSA and the related Intercreditor Agreement, the master servicer and special servicer will be entitled to servicing compensation, without duplication, with respect to the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan as well as the related Mortgage Loan to the extent consistent with the PSA and not prohibited by the related Intercreditor Agreement. |
(2) | Subject to certain offsets as described below. Circumstances as to when a Liquidation Fee is not payable are set forth in this “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing and Other Compensation and Payment of Expenses” section. |
(3) | Allocable between the master servicer and the special servicer as provided in the PSA. |
Master Servicing Compensation
The fee of the master servicer including the fee of any primary or other sub-servicer (the “Servicing Fee”) will be payable monthly from amounts allocable in respect of interest received in respect of each Mortgage Loan, Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan (to the extent not prohibited under the related Intercreditor Agreement) and REO Loan (other than the portion of any REO Loan related to any Non-Serviced Companion Loan) (including Specially Serviced Loans and any Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan constituting a “specially serviced loan” under any related Non-Serviced PSA) and will accrue at a rate (the “Servicing Fee Rate”) on the Stated Principal Balance of such Mortgage Loan, Serviced Pari Passu
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Companion Loan or REO Loan, equal to a per annum rate ranging from 0.0050% to 0.0725%. The Servicing Fee payable to the master servicer with respect to any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan will be payable, subject to the terms of the related Intercreditor Agreement, from amounts payable in respect of the related Companion Loan.
In addition to the Servicing Fee, the master servicer will be entitled to retain, as additional servicing compensation (other than with respect to a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan), the following amounts to the extent collected from the related borrower:
· | 100% of Excess Modification Fees related to any modifications, waivers, extensions or amendments of any such Mortgage Loans (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) that are not Specially Serviced Loans and any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan to the extent not prohibited by the related Intercreditor Agreement; provided that with respect to such transactions, the consent of and/or processing by the special servicer is not required for the related transaction and, in the event that the special servicer’s consent is required (including, without limitation, a modification, waiver, extension or amendment processed by the special servicer), then the master servicer will be entitled to 50% of such fees; |
· | 100% of all assumption application fees and other similar items received on any such Mortgage Loans for which the master servicer is processing the underlying assumption related transaction (including any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan to the extent not prohibited by the related Intercreditor Agreement) (whether or not the consent of the special servicer is required) and 100% of all defeasance fees (provided that for the avoidance of doubt, any such defeasance fee will not include any modification fees or waiver fees in connection with a defeasance that the special servicer is entitled to under the PSA); |
· | 100% of assumption, waiver, consent and earnout fees and other similar fees (other than assumption application fees and defeasance fees) pursuant to the PSA on any such Mortgage Loans that are not Specially Serviced Loans (including any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan to the extent not prohibited by the related Intercreditor Agreement), provided that with respect to such transactions, the consent of the special servicer is not required to take such actions; |
· | 50% of all assumption, waiver, consent and earnout fees and other similar fees (other than assumption application fees and defeasance fees), in each case, with respect to all such Mortgage Loans that are not Specially Serviced Loans (including any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan to the extent not prohibited by the related Intercreditor Agreement) for which the special servicer’s consent or approval is required (including, without limitation, an assumption, waiver, consent or other action processed by the special servicer) and only to the extent that all amounts then due and payable with respect to the related Mortgage Loan or related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan have been paid; |
· | 100% of charges by the master servicer collected for checks returned for insufficient funds; |
· | 100% of charges for beneficiary statements or demands actually paid by the related borrowers under such Mortgage Loans (and any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan) that are not Specially Serviced Loans; |
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· | the excess, if any, of Prepayment Interest Excesses over Prepayment Interest Shortfalls arising from any principal prepayments on such Mortgage Loans and any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan; and |
· | late payment charges and default interest paid by such borrowers (that were accrued while the related Mortgage Loans (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) or any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan (to the extent not prohibited by the related Intercreditor Agreement) were not Specially Serviced Loans), but only to the extent such late payment charges and default interest are not needed to pay interest on Advances or certain additional trust fund expenses (excluding Special Servicing Fees, Liquidation Fees and Workout Fees) incurred with respect to the related Mortgage Loan or, if provided under the related Intercreditor Agreement, any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan since the Closing Date. |
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, the master servicer and the special servicer will each be entitled to charge and retain reasonable review fees in connection with any borrower request to the extent such fees are not prohibited under the related Mortgage Loan documents and are actually paid by or on behalf of the related borrower. In addition, the master servicer also is authorized but not required to invest or direct the investment of funds held in the Collection Account and Companion Distribution Account in Permitted Investments, and the master servicer will be entitled to retain any interest or other income earned on those funds and will bear any losses resulting from the investment of these funds, except as set forth in the PSA. The master servicer also is entitled to retain any interest earned on any servicing escrow account maintained by the master servicer, to the extent the interest is not required to be paid to the related borrowers.
See “—Modifications, Waivers and Amendments”.
“Excess Modification Fees” means, with respect to any Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) or Serviced Whole Loan, the sum of (A) the excess, if any, of (i) any and all Modification Fees with respect to a modification, waiver, extension or amendment of any of the terms of such Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan, over (ii) all unpaid or unreimbursed additional expenses (including, without limitation, reimbursement of Advances and interest on Advances to the extent not otherwise paid or reimbursed by the borrower but excluding Special Servicing Fees, Workout Fees and Liquidation Fees) outstanding or previously incurred on behalf of the issuing entity with respect to the related Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan, and reimbursed from such Modification Fees and (B) expenses previously paid or reimbursed from Modification Fees as described in the preceding clause (A), which expenses have been recovered from the related borrower or otherwise.
“Modification Fees” means, with respect to any Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) or Serviced Whole Loan, any and all fees with respect to a modification, extension, waiver or amendment that modifies, extends, amends or waives any term of such Mortgage Loan documents and/or related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan documents (as evidenced by a signed writing) agreed to by the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable (other than all assumption fees, assumption application fees, consent fees, defeasance fees, Special Servicing Fees, Liquidation Fees or Workout Fees).
With respect to the master servicer and the special servicer, the Excess Modification Fees collected and earned by such person from the related borrower (taken in the aggregate with any other Excess Modification Fees collected and earned by such person from the related borrower within the prior 12 months of the collection of the current Excess
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Modification Fees) will be subject to a cap of 1.0% of the outstanding principal balance of the related Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan on the closing date of the related modification, extension, waiver or amendment (after giving effect to such modification, extension, waiver or amendment) with respect to any Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan.
The Servicing Fee is calculated on the Stated Principal Balance of each Mortgage Loan (including each Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) and any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan in the same manner as interest is calculated on such Mortgage Loans and Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan. The Servicing Fee for each Mortgage Loan is included in the Administrative Cost Rate listed for that Mortgage Loan on Annex A-1. Any Servicing Fee Rate calculated on an Actual/360 Basis will be recomputed on the basis of twelve 30-day months, assuming a 360-day year (“30/360 Basis”) for purposes of calculating the Net Mortgage Rate.
Pursuant to the terms of the PSA, Wells Fargo Bank will be entitled to retain a portion of the Servicing Fee with respect to each Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) and, to the extent provided for in the related Intercreditor Agreement, each related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan, notwithstanding any termination or resignation of such party as master servicer; provided that Wells Fargo Bank may not retain any portion of the Servicing Fee to the extent that portion of the Servicing Fee is required to appoint a successor master servicer. In addition, Wells Fargo Bank will have the right to assign and transfer its rights to receive that retained portion of its Servicing Fee to another party.
The master servicer will be required to pay its overhead and any general and administrative expenses incurred by it in connection with its servicing activities under the PSA. The master servicer will not be entitled to reimbursement for any expenses incurred by it except as expressly provided in the PSA. The master servicer will be responsible for all fees payable to any sub-servicers. See “Description of the Certificates—Distributions—Method, Timing and Amount”.
With respect to a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan, the related Non-Serviced Master Servicer (or primary servicer) will be entitled to a primary servicing fee accruing at a rate equal to 0.0025% per annum with respect to such Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan, which is included as part of the Servicing Fee Rate for purposes of the information presented in this prospectus.
Special Servicing Compensation
The principal compensation to be paid to the special servicer in respect of its special servicing activities will be the Special Servicing Fee, the Workout Fee and the Liquidation Fee.
The “Special Servicing Fee” will accrue with respect to each Specially Serviced Loan and each REO Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) on a loan-by-loan basis at a rate equal to the greater of a per annum rate of 0.25000% and the per annum rate that would result in a special servicing fee for the related month of (i) $3,500 or (ii) with respect to any Mortgage Loan with respect to which the Risk Retention Consultation Party is entitled to consult with the special servicer, for so long as the related Mortgage Loan is a Specially Serviced Loan, and during the continuance of a Consultation Termination Event, $5,000 (the “Special Servicing Fee Rate”), calculated on the basis of the Stated Principal Balance of the related Mortgage Loan (including any REO Loan) and Companion Loan, as applicable, and in the same manner as interest is calculated on the Specially Serviced Loans, and will be payable monthly, first from Liquidation Proceeds, Insurance and Condemnation Proceeds,
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and collections in respect of the related REO Property or Specially Serviced Loan and then from general collections on all the Mortgage Loans (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) and any REO Properties. Each Non-Serviced Whole Loan will be subject to a similar special servicing fee pursuant to the related Non-Serviced PSA. For further detail, see “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans—The Non-Serviced Whole Loan”.
The “Workout Fee” will generally be payable with respect to each Corrected Loan and will be calculated by application of a “Workout Fee Rate” of 1.00% to each collection (other than penalty charges and Excess Interest) of interest and principal (other than any amount for which a Liquidation Fee would be paid) (including scheduled payments, prepayments, balloon payments, and payments at maturity or anticipated repayment date) received on the Corrected Loan for so long as it remains a Corrected Loan; provided, however, that after receipt by the special servicer of Workout Fees with respect to such Corrected Loan in an amount equal to $25,000, any Workout Fees in excess of such amount will be reduced by the Excess Modification Fee Amount; provided, further, however, that in the event the Workout Fee collected over the course of such workout calculated at the Workout Fee Rate is less than $25,000, then the special servicer will be entitled to an amount from the final payment on the related Corrected Loan (including any related Serviced Companion Loan) that would result in the total Workout Fees payable to the special servicer in respect of that Corrected Loan (including any related Serviced Companion Loan) equal to $25,000. The “Excess Modification Fee Amount” with respect to the master servicer or special servicer, any Corrected Loan and any particular modification, waiver, extension or amendment with respect to such Corrected Loan that gives rise to the payment of a Workout Fee, is an amount equal to the aggregate of any Excess Modification Fees paid by or on behalf of the related borrower with respect to the related Mortgage Loan (including the related Serviced Companion Loan, if applicable, unless prohibited under the related Intercreditor Agreement) and received and retained by the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, as compensation within the prior 12 months of such modification, waiver, extension or amendment, but only to the extent those fees have not previously been deducted from a Workout Fee or Liquidation Fee. The Non-Serviced Whole Loan will be subject to a similar workout fee pursuant to the related Non-Serviced PSA. For further details, see “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans—The Non-Serviced Whole Loan” and “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan”.
The Workout Fee with respect to any Corrected Loan will cease to be payable if the Corrected Loan again becomes a Specially Serviced Loan but will become payable again if and when the Mortgage Loan (including a Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan) again becomes a Corrected Loan. The Workout Fee with respect to any Specially Serviced Loan that becomes a Corrected Loan will be reduced by any Excess Modification Fees paid by or on behalf of the related borrower with respect to a related Mortgage Loan or REO Loan and received by the special servicer as compensation within the prior 12 months, but only to the extent those fees have not previously been deducted from a Workout Fee or Liquidation Fee.
If the special servicer is terminated (other than for cause) or resigns, it will retain the right to receive any and all Workout Fees payable with respect to a Mortgage Loan or Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan that became a Corrected Loan during the period that it acted as special servicer and remained a Corrected Loan at the time of that termination or resignation, except that such Workout Fees will cease to be payable if the Corrected Loan again becomes a Specially Serviced Loan. The successor special servicer will not be entitled to any portion of those Workout Fees. If the special servicer resigns or is terminated (other than for cause), it will receive any Workout Fees payable on Specially Serviced Loans for which the resigning or terminated special servicer had determined to grant a forbearance or
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cured the event of default through a modification, restructuring or workout negotiated by the special servicer and evidenced by a signed writing, but which had not as of the time the special servicer resigned or was terminated become a Corrected Loan solely because the borrower had not made 3 consecutive timely Periodic Payments and which subsequently becomes a Corrected Loan as a result of the borrower making such 3 consecutive timely Periodic Payments.
A “Liquidation Fee” will be payable to the special servicer with respect to each Specially Serviced Loan or REO Property (except with respect to any Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) as to which the special servicer receives (a) a full, partial or discounted payoff from the related borrower or (b) any Liquidation Proceeds or Insurance and Condemnation Proceeds (including with respect to the related Companion Loan, if applicable). The Liquidation Fee for each Specially Serviced Loan (and each related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan) and REO Property will be payable from, and will be calculated by application of a “Liquidation Fee Rate” of 1.00% to the related payment or proceeds (or, if such rate would result in an aggregate liquidation fee less than $25,000, then the Liquidation Fee Rate will be equal to the lesser of (i) 3.0% and (ii) such lower rate as would result in an aggregate liquidation fee equal to $25,000); provided that the Liquidation Fee with respect to any Specially Serviced Loan will be reduced by the amount of any Excess Modification Fees paid by or on behalf of the related borrower with respect to the related Mortgage Loan (including a Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan) or REO Property and received by the special servicer as compensation within the prior 12 months, but only to the extent those fees have not previously been deducted from a Workout Fee or Liquidation Fee.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary described above, no Liquidation Fee will be payable based upon, or out of, Liquidation Proceeds received in connection with:
(i) (A) the repurchase of, or substitution for, any Mortgage Loan or Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan by a mortgage loan seller for a breach of representation or warranty or for defective or deficient Mortgage Loan documentation within the time period (or extension of such time period) provided for such repurchase or substitution if such repurchase or substitution occurs prior to the termination of such extended period, or (B) the payment of a Loss of Value Payment in connection with any such breach or document defect if the applicable mortgage loan seller makes such Loss of Value Payment within the 90-day initial cure period or, if applicable, within the subsequent 90-day extended cure period,
(ii) the purchase of any Specially Serviced Loan or an REO Property that is subject to mezzanine indebtedness by the holder of the related mezzanine loan within 90 days of such holder’s purchase option first becoming exercisable during the period prior to such Mortgage Loan becoming a Corrected Loan,
(iii) the purchase of all of the Mortgage Loans and REO Properties in connection with any termination of the issuing entity,
(iv) with respect to a Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan, (A) a repurchase of such Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan by the related mortgage loan seller for a breach of representation or warranty or for defective or deficient Mortgage Loan documentation under the pooling and servicing agreement for the securitization trust that owns such Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan within the time period (or extension of such time period) provided for such repurchase if such repurchase occurs prior to the termination of such extended period provided in such pooling and servicing agreement or (B) a purchase of such Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan
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by an applicable party to a pooling and servicing agreement pursuant to a clean-up call or similar liquidation of another securitization entity,
(v) the purchase of any Specially Serviced Loan by the special servicer or its affiliate (except if such affiliate purchaser is the Directing Certificateholder or its affiliate; provided, however, that if no Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing, and such affiliated Directing Certificateholder or its affiliate purchases any Specially Serviced Loan within 90 days after the special servicer delivers to the Directing Certificateholder for approval the initial asset status report with respect to such Specially Serviced Loan, the special servicer will not be entitled to a liquidation fee in connection with such purchase by the Directing Certificateholder or its affiliates), or
(vi) if a Mortgage Loan or the Serviced Whole Loan becomes a Specially Serviced Loan only because of an event described in clause (1) of the definition of “Specially Serviced Loan” under the heading “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—General” and the related Liquidation Proceeds are received within 90 days following the related maturity date as a result of the related Mortgage Loan or the Serviced Whole Loan being refinanced or otherwise repaid in full.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that a liquidation fee is not payable due to the application of any of clauses (i) through (vi) above, the special servicer may still collect and retain a liquidation fee and similar fees from the related borrower to the extent provided for in, or not prohibited by, the related Mortgage Loan documents. Each Non-Serviced Whole Loan will be subject to a similar liquidation fee pursuant to the related Non-Serviced PSA. For further detail, see “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans—The Non-Serviced Whole Loan”.
The special servicer will also be entitled to additional servicing compensation in the form of:
(i) 100% of Excess Modification Fees related to modifications, waivers, extensions or amendments of any Specially Serviced Loans,
(ii) 100% of assumption application fees and other similar items received with respect to Mortgage Loans for which the special servicer is processing the underlying assumption related transaction,
(iii) 100% of waiver, consent and earnout fees on any Specially Serviced Loan or certain other similar fees paid by the related borrower, and
(iv) 50% of all Excess Modification Fees and assumption fees, consent fees and earnout fees received with respect to such Mortgage Loans (including any Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan, to the extent not prohibited by the related Intercreditor Agreements, if applicable) (excluding any Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) that are not Specially Serviced Loans and for which the special servicer’s processing, consent or approval is required, and 100% of assumption fees and other related fees as further described in the PSA, received with respect to Specially Serviced Loans.
The special servicer will also be entitled to late payment charges and default interest paid by the borrowers and accrued while the related Mortgage Loans (including the related Companion Loan, if applicable, and to the extent not prohibited by the related Intercreditor Agreement) were Specially Serviced Loans and that are not needed to pay interest on Advances or certain additional trust fund expenses with respect to the related Mortgage
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Loan (including the related Companion Loan, if applicable, to the extent not prohibited by the related Intercreditor Agreement) since the Closing Date. The special servicer also is authorized but not required to invest or direct the investment of funds held in the REO Account in Permitted Investments, and the special servicer will be entitled to retain any interest or other income earned on those funds and will bear any losses resulting from the investment of these funds, except as set forth in the PSA.
Each Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan is serviced under the related Non-Serviced PSA (including on those occasions under such Non-Serviced PSA when the servicing of such Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan has been transferred from the related Non-Serviced Master Servicer to the related Non-Serviced Special Servicer). Accordingly, in its capacity as the special servicer under the PSA, the special servicer will not be entitled to receive any special servicing compensation for any Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan. Only the related Non-Serviced Special Servicer will be entitled to special servicing compensation on any such Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan and only the related Non-Serviced Special Servicer will be entitled to special servicing compensation on any related Non-Serviced Whole Loan.
Disclosable Special Servicer Fees
The PSA will provide that the special servicer and its affiliates will be prohibited from receiving or retaining any Disclosable Special Servicer Fees in connection with the disposition, workout or foreclosure of any Mortgage Loan and Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan, the management or disposition of any REO Property, or the performance of any other special servicing duties under the PSA. The PSA will also provide that, with respect to each Distribution Date, the special servicer must deliver or cause to be delivered to the master servicer within one business day following the Determination Date, and the master servicer must deliver, to the extent it has received, to the certificate administrator, without charge and on the P&I Advance Date, an electronic report which discloses and contains an itemized listing of any Disclosable Special Servicer Fees received by the special servicer or any of its affiliates with respect to such Distribution Date, provided that no such report will be due in any month during which no Disclosable Special Servicer Fees were received.
“Disclosable Special Servicer Fees” means, with respect to any Mortgage Loan (other than any Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) and related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan (including any related REO Property), any compensation and other remuneration (including, without limitation, in the form of commissions, brokerage fees, rebates, or as a result of any other fee-sharing arrangement) received or retained by the special servicer or any of its affiliates that is paid by any person (including, without limitation, the issuing entity, any mortgagor, any manager, any guarantor or indemnitor in respect of such Mortgage Loan or Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan and any purchaser of any Mortgage Loan (other than any Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) or Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan or REO Property) in connection with the disposition, workout or foreclosure of any Mortgage Loan, the management or disposition of any REO Property, and the performance by the special servicer or any such affiliate of any other special servicing duties under the PSA, other than (1) any Permitted Special Servicer/Affiliate Fees and (2) any compensation to which the special servicer is entitled pursuant to the PSA.
“Permitted Special Servicer/Affiliate Fees” means any commercially reasonable treasury management fees, banking fees, title agency fees, insurance commissions or fees and appraisal fees received or retained by the special servicer or any of its affiliates in connection with any services performed by such party with respect to any Mortgage Loan and Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan (including any related REO Property) in accordance with the PSA.
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The special servicer will be required to pay its overhead and any general and administrative expenses incurred by it in connection with its servicing activities under the PSA. The special servicer will not be entitled to reimbursement for any expenses incurred by it except as expressly provided in the PSA. See “Description of the Certificates—Distributions—Method, Timing and Amount”.
Certificate Administrator and Trustee Compensation
As compensation for the performance of its routine duties, the trustee and the certificate administrator will be paid a fee (collectively, the “Certificate Administrator/Trustee Fee”); provided that the Certificate Administrator/Trustee Fee includes the trustee fee, and the certificate administrator will pay the trustee fee to the trustee in an amount equal to $210 per month. The Certificate Administrator/Trustee Fee will be payable monthly from amounts received in respect of the Mortgage Loans and will be equal to the product of a rate equal to 0.0075% per annum (the “Certificate Administrator/Trustee Fee Rate”) and the Stated Principal Balance of the Mortgage Loans and any REO Loans and will be calculated in the same manner as interest is calculated on such Mortgage Loans or REO Loans.
Operating Advisor Compensation
The fee of the operating advisor (the “Operating Advisor Fee”) will be payable monthly from amounts received in respect of each Mortgage Loan (excluding each Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan and each Companion Loan) and REO Loan, and will be equal to the product of a rate equal to (i) 0.00180% per annum, except with respect to the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ, One Stamford Forum, Pinnacle II, Simon Premium Outlets, One Penn Center, FedEx – Atlanta, GA, FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL, FedEx – Fife, WA and FedEx – Boulder, CO Mortgage Loans, (ii) 0.0027% per annum with respect to the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Mortgage Loan, (iii) 0.0028% per annum with respect to the One Stamford Forum Mortgage Loan, (iv) 0.0037% per annum with respect to the Pinnacle II Mortgage Loan, (v) 0.0038% per annum with respect to the Simon Premium Outlets Mortgage Loan, (vi) 0.0039% per annum with respect to the One Penn Center Mortgage Loan, (vii) 0.0071% per annum with respect to the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Mortgage Loan, (viii) 0.0081% per annum with respect to the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Mortgage Loan, (ix) 0.0055% per annum with respect to the FedEx – Fife, WA Mortgage Loan or (x) 0.0099% per annum with respect to the FedEx – Boulder, CO Mortgage Loan (each, an “Operating Advisor Fee Rate”) and the Stated Principal Balance of the Mortgage Loans and any REO Loans and will be calculated in the same manner as interest is calculated on such Mortgage Loans and REO Loans.
An “Operating Advisor Consulting Fee” will be payable to the operating advisor with respect to each Major Decision on which the operating advisor has consultation obligations and performed its duties with respect to that Major Decision. The Operating Advisor Consulting Fee will be a fee for each such Major Decision equal to $10,000 (or such lesser amount as the related borrower agrees to pay) with respect to any Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan); provided that the operating advisor may in its sole discretion reduce the Operating Advisor Consulting Fee with respect to any Major Decision; provided, further, however, that to the extent such fee is incurred after the outstanding Certificate Balances of the Control Eligible Certificates have been reduced to zero as a result of the allocation of Realized Losses to such certificates, such fee will be payable in full to the operating advisor as a trust fund expense.
Each of the Operating Advisor Fee and the Operating Advisor Consulting Fee will be payable from funds on deposit in the Collection Account out of amounts otherwise available
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to make distributions on the certificates as described above in “—Withdrawals from the Collection Account”, but with respect to the Operating Advisor Consulting Fee, only as and to the extent that such fee is actually received from the related borrower (other than as described above). If the operating advisor has consultation rights with respect to a Major Decision, the PSA will require the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, to use commercially reasonable efforts consistent with the Servicing Standard to collect the applicable Operating Advisor Consulting Fee from the related borrower in connection with such Major Decision, but only to the extent not prohibited by the related Mortgage Loan documents, and in no event will it take any enforcement action with respect to the collection of such Operating Advisor Consulting Fee other than requests for collection. The master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, will each be permitted to waive or reduce the amount of any such Operating Advisor Consulting Fee payable by the related borrower if it determines that such full or partial waiver is in accordance with the Servicing Standard; provided that the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, will be required to consult, on a non-binding basis, with the operating advisor prior to any such waiver or reduction.
In addition to the Operating Advisor Fee and the Operating Advisor Consulting Fee, the operating advisor will be entitled to reimbursement of Operating Advisor Expenses in accordance with the terms of the PSA. “Operating Advisor Expenses” for each Distribution Date will equal any unreimbursed indemnification amounts or additional trust fund expenses payable to the operating advisor pursuant to the PSA (other than the Operating Advisor Fee and the Operating Advisor Consulting Fee).
Asset Representations Reviewer Compensation
The asset representations reviewer will be paid a fee of $5,000 (the “Asset Representations Reviewer Upfront Fee”) on the Closing Date. As compensation for the performance of its routine duties, the asset representations reviewer will be paid a fee (the “Asset Representations Reviewer Fee”). The Asset Representations Reviewer Fee will be payable monthly from amounts received in respect of each Mortgage Loan (including each Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan, but excluding any Companion Loan) and REO Loan, will be equal to the product of a rate equal to 0.00034% per annum (the “Asset Representations Reviewer Fee Rate”) and the Stated Principal Balance of the Mortgage Loans and any REO Loans and will be calculated in the same manner as interest is calculated on such Mortgage Loans. In connection with each Asset Review with respect to each Delinquent Loan (in such case, a “Subject Loan”), the asset representations reviewer will be required to be paid a fee equal to the sum of (i) $15,000 multiplied by the number of Subject Loans, plus (ii) $1,500 per Mortgaged Property relating to the Subject Loans in excess of one Mortgaged Property per Subject Loan, plus (iii) $2,000 per Mortgaged Property relating to a Subject Loan subject to a ground lease, plus (iv) $1,000 per Mortgaged Property relating to a Subject Loan subject to a franchise agreement, hotel management agreement or hotel license agreement, subject, in the case of each of clauses (i) through (iv), to adjustments on the basis of the year-end “Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers” as published by the U.S. Department of Labor, or other similar index if the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers is no longer calculated, taking into account the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers, or other similar index if the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers is no longer calculated, for the year of the Closing Date and for the year of the occurrence of the Asset Review (any such fee, the “Asset Representations Reviewer Asset Review Fee”).
The Asset Representations Reviewer Fee will be payable from funds on deposit in the Collection Account out of amounts otherwise available to make distributions on the
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certificates as described above in “—Withdrawals from the Collection Account”. The Asset Representations Reviewer Asset Review Fee with respect to each Delinquent Loan will be required to be paid by the related mortgage loan seller; provided, however, that if the related mortgage loan seller is insolvent or fails to pay such amount within 90 days of written request by the asset representations reviewer, such fee will be paid by the trust following delivery by the asset representations reviewer of evidence reasonably satisfactory to the master servicer of such insolvency or failure to pay such amount (which evidence may be an officer’s certificate of the asset representations reviewer); provided, further, that notwithstanding any payment of such fee by the issuing entity to the asset representations reviewer, such fee will remain an obligation of the related mortgage loan seller and the special servicer will be required to pursue remedies against such mortgage loan seller to recover any such amounts to the extent paid by the issuing entity. The Asset Representations Reviewer Asset Review Fee with respect to a Delinquent Loan is required to be included in the Purchase Price for any Mortgage Loan that was the subject of a completed Asset Review and that is repurchased by the related mortgage loan seller, and such portion of the Purchase Price received will be used to reimburse the trust for any such fees paid to the asset representations reviewer pursuant to the terms of the PSA.
CREFC® Intellectual Property Royalty License Fee
CREFC® Intellectual Property Royalty License Fee will be paid to CREFC® on a monthly basis.
“CREFC® Intellectual Property Royalty License Fee” with respect to each Mortgage Loan and REO Loan (other than the portion of an REO Loan related to any Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan) and for any Distribution Date is the amount accrued during the related Interest Accrual Period at the CREFC® Intellectual Property Royalty License Fee Rate on the Stated Principal Balance of such Mortgage Loan and REO Loan as of the close of business on the Distribution Date in such Interest Accrual Period; provided that such amounts will be computed for the same period and on the same interest accrual basis respecting which any related interest payment due or deemed due on the related Mortgage Loan and REO Loan is computed and will be prorated for partial periods. The CREFC® Intellectual Property Royalty License Fee is a fee payable to CREFC® for a license to use the CREFC® Investor Reporting Package in connection with the servicing and administration, including delivery of periodic reports to the Certificateholders, of the issuing entity pursuant to the PSA. No CREFC® Intellectual Property Royalty License Fee will be paid on any Companion Loan.
“CREFC® Intellectual Property Royalty License Fee Rate” with respect to each Mortgage Loan is a rate equal to 0.0005% per annum.
Appraisal Reduction Amounts
After an Appraisal Reduction Event has occurred with respect to a Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) or a Serviced Whole Loan, an Appraisal Reduction Amount and an Allocated Appraisal Reduction Amount are required to be calculated. An “Appraisal Reduction Event” will occur on the earliest of:
(1) 120 days after an uncured delinquency (without regard to the application of any grace period), other than any uncured delinquency in respect of a balloon payment, occurs in respect of the Mortgage Loan or a related Companion Loan, as applicable;
(2) the date on which a reduction in the amount of Periodic Payments on the Mortgage Loan or Companion Loan, as applicable, or a change in any other material economic term of the Mortgage Loan or Companion Loan, as applicable (other than an extension of its
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maturity), becomes effective as a result of a modification of the related Mortgage Loan or Companion Loan, as applicable, by the special servicer;
(3) 30 days after the date on which a receiver has been appointed for the Mortgaged Property;
(4) 30 days after the date on which a borrower or the tenant at a single tenant property declares bankruptcy (and the bankruptcy petition is not otherwise dismissed within such time);
(5) 60 days after the date on which an involuntary petition of bankruptcy is filed with respect to the borrower if not dismissed within such time;
(6) 90 days after an uncured delinquency occurs in respect of a balloon payment with respect to such Mortgage Loan or Companion Loan, except where a refinancing is anticipated within 120 days after the maturity date of the Mortgage Loan and related Companion Loan in which case 120 days after such uncured delinquency; and
(7) immediately after a Mortgage Loan or related Companion Loan becomes an REO Loan;
provided, however, that the 30-day period referenced in clauses (3) and (4) above will not apply if the related Mortgage Loan is a Specially Serviced Loan.
No Appraisal Reduction Event may occur at any time when the Certificate Balances of all classes of Subordinate Certificates have been reduced to zero.
The “Appraisal Reduction Amount” for any Distribution Date and for any Mortgage Loan (other than any Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan), Serviced Companion Loan or Serviced Whole Loan as to which any Appraisal Reduction Event has occurred, will be an amount, calculated by the special servicer (prior to the occurrence and continuance of a Consultation Termination Event, in consultation with the Directing Certificateholder (except in the case of an Excluded Loan with respect to the Directing Certificateholder or the holder of the majority of the Controlling Class) and, after the occurrence and during the continuance of a Control Termination Event, in consultation with the Directing Certificateholder (except with respect to any such Excluded Loan) and the operating advisor and, after the occurrence and during the continuance of a Consultation Termination Event, in consultation with the operating advisor), as of the first Determination Date that is at least 10 business days following the date the special servicer receives the related appraisal or conducts a valuation described below equal to the excess of
(a) the Stated Principal Balance of that Mortgage Loan or the Stated Principal Balance of the applicable Serviced Whole Loan, as the case may be, over
(b) the excess of
1. the sum of
a) | 90% of the appraised value of the related Mortgaged Property as determined (A) by one or more MAI appraisals obtained by the special servicer with respect to that Mortgage Loan (together with any other Mortgage Loan cross-collateralized with such Mortgage Loan) or Serviced Whole Loan with an outstanding principal balance equal to or in excess of $2,000,000 (the costs of which will be paid by the master servicer as an Advance), or (B) by an internal valuation performed by the special servicer (or at the special servicer’s election, |
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by one or more MAI appraisals obtained by the special servicer) with respect to any Mortgage Loan (together with any other Mortgage Loan cross-collateralized with such Mortgage Loan) or Serviced Whole Loan with an outstanding principal balance less than $2,000,000, minus with respect to any MAI appraisals such downward adjustments as the special servicer may make (without implying any obligation to do so) based upon its review of the appraisals and any other information it deems relevant; and
b) | all escrows, letters of credit and reserves in respect of that Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan as of the date of calculation; over |
2. the sum as of the Due Date occurring in the month of the date of determination of
a) | to the extent not previously advanced by the master servicer or the trustee, all unpaid interest due on that Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan at a per annum rate equal to the Mortgage Rate, |
b) | all P&I Advances on the related Mortgage Loan and all Servicing Advances on the related Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan not reimbursed from the proceeds of such Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan and interest on those Advances at the Reimbursement Rate in respect of that Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan, and |
c) | all currently due and unpaid real estate taxes and assessments, insurance premiums and ground rents, unpaid Special Servicing Fees and all other amounts due and unpaid (including any capitalized interest whether or not then due and payable) with respect to such Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan (which taxes, premiums, ground rents and other amounts have not been the subject of an Advance by the master servicer, the special servicer or the trustee, as applicable). |
The Serviced Whole Loan will be treated as a single Mortgage Loan for purposes of calculating an Appraisal Reduction Amount with respect to the Mortgage Loan and Companion Loan, as applicable, that comprise such Serviced Whole Loan. Any Appraisal Reduction Amount in respect of any Serviced Pari Passu Mortgage Loan will be allocated, pro rata, between the related Serviced Pari Passu Mortgage Loan and the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan based upon their respective outstanding principal balances.
The “Allocated Appraisal Reduction Amount” means the Non-Retained Percentage of the Appraisal Reduction Amount.
The special servicer will be required to use reasonable efforts to order an appraisal or conduct a valuation promptly upon the occurrence of an Appraisal Reduction Event (other than with respect to a Non-Serviced Whole Loan). On the first Determination Date occurring on or after the tenth business day following the receipt of the MAI appraisal or the completion of the valuation, the special servicer will be required to calculate and report to the master servicer, the trustee, the certificate administrator, the operating advisor and, prior to the occurrence and continuance of any Consultation Termination Event, the Directing Certificateholder, the Appraisal Reduction Amount, taking into account the results of such appraisal or valuation and receipt of information requested by the special servicer from the master servicer reasonably necessary to calculate the Appraisal Reduction Amount.
Following the master servicer’s receipt from the special servicer of the calculation of the Appraisal Reduction Amounts, the master servicer will be required to provide such
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information to the certificate administrator in the form of the CREFC® loan periodic update file, and the certificate administrator will calculate the Allocated Appraisal Reduction Amount.
Each such report of the Appraisal Reduction Amount will also be forwarded by the master servicer (or the special servicer if the related Mortgage Loan is a Specially Serviced Loan), to the extent the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan has been included in a securitization transaction, to the master servicer of such securitization into which the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan has been sold, or to the holder of any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan by the master servicer (or the special servicer if the related Mortgage Loan is a Specially Serviced Loan).
In the event that the special servicer has not received any required MAI appraisal within 60 days after the Appraisal Reduction Event (or, in the case of an appraisal in connection with an Appraisal Reduction Event described in clauses (1) and (6) of the definition of Appraisal Reduction Event above, within 120 days (in the case of clause (1)) or 90 or 120 days (in the case of clause (6)), respectively, after the initial delinquency for the related Appraisal Reduction Event), the Appraisal Reduction Amount will be deemed to be an amount equal to 25% of the current Stated Principal Balance of the related Mortgage Loan (or Serviced Whole Loan) until an MAI appraisal is received by the special servicer and the Appraisal Reduction Amount is calculated as of the first Determination Date that is at least 10 business days after the special servicer’s receipt of such MAI appraisal. The master servicer will provide (via electronic delivery) the special servicer with any information in its possession that is reasonably required to determine, redetermine, calculate or recalculate any Appraisal Reduction Amount pursuant to its definition using reasonable efforts to deliver such information within four business days of the special servicer’s reasonable request (which request is required to be made promptly, but in no event later than 10 business days, after the special servicer’s receipt of the applicable appraisal or preparation of the applicable internal valuation); provided, however, that the special servicer’s failure to timely make such a request will not relieve the master servicer of its obligation to use reasonable efforts to provide such information to the special servicer within 4 business days following the special servicer’s reasonable request. The master servicer will not calculate Appraisal Reduction Amounts.
With respect to each Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) and any Serviced Whole Loan as to which an Appraisal Reduction Event has occurred (unless the Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan has remained current for 3 consecutive Periodic Payments, and with respect to which no other Appraisal Reduction Event has occurred with respect to that Mortgage Loan during the preceding 3 months (for such purposes taking into account any amendment or modification of such Mortgage Loan, any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan or Serviced Whole Loan)), the special servicer is required (i) within 30 days of each anniversary of the related Appraisal Reduction Event and (ii) upon its determination that the value of the related Mortgaged Property has materially changed, to notify the master servicer of the occurrence of such anniversary or determination and to order an appraisal (which may be an update of a prior appraisal), the cost of which will be paid by the master servicer as a Servicing Advance (or to the extent it would be a Nonrecoverable Advance, an expense of the issuing entity paid out of the Collection Account), or to conduct an internal valuation, as applicable. Based upon the appraisal or valuation and receipt of information reasonably requested by the special servicer from the master servicer necessary to calculate the Appraisal Reduction Amount, the special servicer is required to determine or redetermine, as applicable, and report to the master servicer, the trustee, the certificate administrator, the operating advisor and, prior to the occurrence and continuance of a Consultation Termination Event and other than with respect to any
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Mortgage Loan that is an Excluded Loan as to such party, to the Directing Certificateholder, the amount and calculation or recalculation of the Appraisal Reduction Amount or Collateral Deficiency Amount with respect to the Mortgage Loan, Companion Loan or Serviced Whole Loan, as applicable. Such report will also be forwarded to the holder of any related Companion Loan by the master servicer (or the special servicer if the related Mortgage Loan is a Specially Serviced Loan). Prior to the occurrence and continuance of a Consultation Termination Event (and unless the related Mortgage Loan is an Excluded Loan as to such party), the special servicer will consult with the Directing Certificateholder with respect to any appraisal, valuation or downward adjustment in connection with an Appraisal Reduction Amount. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the special servicer will not be required to obtain an appraisal or valuation with respect to a Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan that is the subject of an Appraisal Reduction Event to the extent the special servicer has obtained an appraisal or valuation with respect to the related Mortgaged Property within the 12-month period prior to the occurrence of the Appraisal Reduction Event. Instead, the special servicer may use the prior appraisal or valuation in calculating any Appraisal Reduction Amount with respect to the Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan, provided that the special servicer is not aware of any material change to the Mortgaged Property that has occurred that would affect the validity of the appraisal or valuation.
Each Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan is subject to provisions in the related Non-Serviced PSA relating to appraisal reductions that are similar, but not necessarily identical, to the provisions described above. The existence of an appraisal reduction under a Non-Serviced PSA in respect of the related Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan will proportionately reduce the master servicer’s or the trustee’s, as the case may be, obligation to make P&I Advances on the related Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan and will generally have the effect of reducing the amount otherwise available for distributions to the Certificateholders. Pursuant to such Non-Serviced PSA, the related Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan will be treated, together with each related Non-Serviced Companion Loan, as a single mortgage loan for purposes of calculating an appraisal reduction amount with respect to the loans that comprise a Non-Serviced Whole Loan. Any appraisal reduction calculated with respect to a Non-Serviced Whole Loan will generally be allocated to the related Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan and the related Non-Serviced Companion Loan, on a pro rata basis based upon their respective Stated Principal Balances (although, in the case of The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan, any calculation of an Appraisal Reduction Amount will first be allocated to the related Subordinate Companion Loans).
If any Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) or any Serviced Whole Loan previously subject to an Appraisal Reduction Amount becomes a Corrected Loan, and no other Appraisal Reduction Event has occurred and is continuing with respect to such Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan, the Appraisal Reduction Amount and the related Appraisal Reduction Event will cease to exist.
As a result of calculating one or more Appraisal Reduction Amounts (and, in the case of any Whole Loan, to the extent allocated in the related Mortgage Loan), the amount of any required P&I Advance will be reduced, which will have the effect of reducing the allocable amount of interest available to the most subordinate class of certificates then-outstanding (i.e., first, to Class G certificates, second, to the Class F certificates, third, to the Class E certificates, fourth, to the Class D certificates, fifth, to the Class C certificates, sixth, to the Class B certificates, seventh, to the Class A-S certificates, and finally, pro rata based on their respective interest entitlements, to the Senior Certificates). See “—Advances”. The resulting reduction of interest entitlements will also result in a corresponding reduction in any amount of the interest entitlement of the RRI Interest.
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As of the first Determination Date following a Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) becoming an AB Modified Loan, the special servicer will be required to calculate whether a Collateral Deficiency Amount exists with respect to such AB Modified Loan, taking into account the most recent appraisal obtained by the special servicer with respect to such Mortgage Loan, and all other information relevant to a Collateral Deficiency Amount determination. Upon obtaining knowledge or receipt of notice by the master servicer that a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan has become an AB Modified Loan, the special servicer will be required to (i) promptly obtain from the related Non-Serviced Master Servicer, Non-Serviced Special Servicer and Non-Serviced Trustee the most recent appraisal with respect to such AB Modified Loan, in addition to all other information reasonably required by the special servicer to calculate whether a Collateral Deficiency Amount exists with respect to such AB Modified Loan, and (ii) as of the first Determination Date following receipt by the special servicer of the appraisal and any other information set forth in the immediately preceding clause (i) that the special servicer reasonably expects to receive, calculate whether a Collateral Deficiency Amount exists with respect to such AB Modified Loan, taking into account the most recent appraisal obtained by the Non-Serviced Special Servicer with respect to such Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan, and all other information in its possession relevant to a Collateral Deficiency Amount determination. Upon obtaining knowledge or receipt of notice by any other party to the PSA that a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan has become an AB Modified Loan, such party will be required to promptly notify the master servicer thereof. None of the master servicer, the operating advisor, the trustee or the certificate administrator will calculate or verify any Collateral Deficiency Amount.
A “Cumulative Appraisal Reduction Amount” as of any date of determination for any Mortgage Loan, is equal to the sum of (i) all Appraisal Reduction Amounts then in effect, and (ii) with respect to any AB Modified Loan, any Collateral Deficiency Amount then in effect. The master servicer and the certificate administrator will be entitled to conclusively rely on the special servicer’s calculation or determination of any Cumulative Appraisal Reduction Amount.
“AB Modified Loan” means any Corrected Loan (1) that became a Corrected Loan (which includes for purposes of this definition any Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan that became a “corrected loan” (or any term substantially similar thereto) pursuant to the related Non-Serviced PSA) due to a modification thereto that resulted in the creation of an A/B note structure (or similar structure) and as to which the new junior note(s) did not previously exist or the principal amount of the new junior note(s) was previously part of either an A note held by the issuing entity or the original unmodified Mortgage Loan and (2) as to which an Appraisal Reduction Amount is not in effect.
“Collateral Deficiency Amount” means, with respect to any AB Modified Loan as of any date of determination, the excess of (i) the Stated Principal Balance of such AB Modified Loan (taking into account the related junior note(s) and any pari passu notes included therein), over (ii) the sum of (in the case of a Whole Loan, solely to the extent allocable to the subject Mortgage Loan) (x) the most recent appraised value for the related Mortgaged Property or Mortgaged Properties, plus (y) solely to the extent not reflected or taken into account in such appraised value (or in the calculation of any related Appraisal Reduction Amount) and to the extent on deposit with, or otherwise under the control of, the lender as of the date of such determination, any capital or additional collateral contributed by the related borrower at the time the Mortgage Loan became (and as part of the modification related to) such AB Modified Loan for the benefit of the related Mortgaged Property or Mortgaged Properties (provided that in the case of an Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan, the amounts set forth in this clause (y) will be taken into account solely to the extent relevant information is received by the master servicer), plus (z) any other escrows or reserves (in
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addition to any amounts set forth in the immediately preceding clause (y) and solely to the extent not reflected or taken into account in the calculation of any related Appraisal Reduction Amount) held by the lender in respect of such AB Modified Loan as of the date of such determination, which such excess, for the avoidance of doubt, will be determined separately from and exclude any related Appraisal Reduction Amounts. The master servicer and the certificate administrator will be entitled to conclusively rely on the special servicer’s calculation or determination of any Collateral Deficiency Amount.
For purposes of determining the Controlling Class, Allocated Appraisal Reduction Amounts allocated to a related Mortgage Loan will be allocated to each class of Principal Balance Certificates (other than the RRI Interest) in reverse sequential order to notionally reduce their Certificate Balances until the Certificate Balances of each such class is notionally reduced to zero (i.e., first, to Class G certificates, second, to the Class F certificates, third, to the Class E certificates, fourth, to the Class D certificates, fifth, to the Class C certificates, sixth, to the Class B certificates, seventh, to the Class A-S certificates, and finally, pro rata based on their respective interest entitlements, to the Senior Certificates (other than the Class X-A, Class X-B, Class X-D, Class X-E, Class X-F and Class X-G certificates)). In addition, for purposes of determining the Controlling Class and the occurrence and continuance of a Control Termination Event, Collateral Deficiency Amounts allocated to a related AB Modified Loan will be allocated to each class of Control Eligible Certificates in reverse sequential order to notionally reduce the Certificate Balance thereof until the related Certificate Balance of each such class is reduced to zero (i.e., first, to Class G certificates, and second, to the Class F certificates). For the avoidance of doubt, for purposes of determining the Controlling Class and the occurrence of a Control Termination Event, any Class of Control Eligible Certificates will be allocated both applicable Appraisal Reduction Amounts and applicable Collateral Deficiency Amounts (the sum of which will constitute the applicable “Cumulative Appraisal Reduction Amount”), as described in this paragraph.
With respect to any Appraisal Reduction Amount or Collateral Deficiency Amount calculated for purposes of determining the Controlling Class and the occurrence and continuance of a Control Termination Event, the appraised value of the related Mortgaged Property will be determined on an “as-is” basis. The special servicer will be required to promptly notify the master servicer and the certificate administrator of (i) any Appraisal Reduction Amount, (ii) any Collateral Deficiency Amount, and (iii) any resulting Cumulative Appraisal Reduction Amount, and the certificate administrator will be required to promptly post notice of such Appraisal Reduction Amount, Collateral Deficiency Amount and/or Cumulative Appraisal Reduction Amount, as applicable, to the certificate administrator’s website.
Any class of Control Eligible Certificates, the Certificate Balance of which (taking into account the application of any Appraisal Reduction Amounts or Collateral Deficiency Amounts to notionally reduce the Certificate Balance of such class) has been reduced to less than 25% of its initial Certificate Balance, is referred to as an “Appraised-Out Class”. Any Appraised-Out Class will no longer be the Controlling Class; provided, however, that if at any time, the Certificate Balances of the certificates other than the Control Eligible Certificates have been reduced to zero as a result of principal payments on the Mortgage Loans, then the Controlling Class will be the most subordinate class of Control Eligible Certificates that has an aggregate Certificate Balance greater than zero without regard to any Appraisal Reduction Amounts. The holder of the majority (by Certificate Balance) of an Appraised-Out Class will have the right, at their sole expense, to require the special servicer to order a second appraisal of any Mortgage Loan (or Serviced Whole Loan) for which an Appraisal Reduction Event has occurred or as to which there exists a Collateral Deficiency
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Amount (such holders, the “Requesting Holders”). The special servicer will use its reasonable best efforts to ensure that such appraisal is delivered within 30 days from receipt of the Requesting Holders’ written request and will ensure that such appraisal is prepared on an “as-is” basis by an MAI appraiser. Upon receipt of such supplemental appraisal, the special servicer will be required to determine, in accordance with the Servicing Standard, whether, based on its assessment of such supplemental appraisal, any recalculation of the applicable Appraisal Reduction Amount or Collateral Deficiency Amount, as applicable, is warranted and, if so warranted, will recalculate such Appraisal Reduction Amount or Collateral Deficiency Amount, as applicable, based upon such supplemental appraisal and receipt of information requested by the special servicer from the master servicer as described above. If required by any such recalculation, the applicable Appraised-Out Class will be reinstated as the Controlling Class and each other Appraised-Out Class will, if applicable, have its related Certificate Balance notionally restored to the extent required by such recalculation of the Appraisal Reduction Amount or the Collateral Deficiency Amount, as applicable.
Any Appraised-Out Class for which the Requesting Holders are challenging the special servicer’s Appraisal Reduction Amount or Collateral Deficiency Amount determination may not exercise any direction, control, consent and/or similar rights of the Controlling Class until such time, if any, as such class is reinstated as the Controlling Class; the rights of the Controlling Class will be exercised by the next most senior class of Control Eligible Certificates, if any, during such period.
With respect to each Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan, the related Non-Serviced Directing Certificateholder will be subject to provisions similar to those described above. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans—The Non-Serviced Whole Loan” and “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan”.
Maintenance of Insurance
To the extent permitted by the related Mortgage Loan and required by the Servicing Standard, the master servicer (with respect to the Mortgage Loans and any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan, but excluding any Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) will be required to use efforts consistent with the Servicing Standard to cause each borrower to maintain, and the special servicer (with respect to REO Properties other than a Mortgaged Property securing a Non-Serviced Whole Loan and subject to the conditions set forth in the following sentence) will maintain, for the related Mortgaged Property all insurance coverage required by the terms of the related Mortgage Loan documents; provided, however, that the master servicer (with respect to Mortgage Loans and any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan) will not be required to cause the borrower to maintain and the special servicer (with respect to REO Properties) will not be required to maintain terrorism insurance to the extent that the failure of the related borrower to do so is an Acceptable Insurance Default (as defined below) or if the trustee does not have an insurable interest. Insurance coverage is required to be in the amounts (which, in the case of casualty insurance, is generally equal to the lesser of the outstanding principal balance of the related Mortgage Loan and the replacement cost of the related Mortgaged Property), and from an insurer meeting the requirements, set forth in the related Mortgage Loan documents. If the borrower does not maintain such coverage, the master servicer (with respect to such Mortgage Loans and any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan) or the special servicer (with respect to REO Properties other than a Mortgaged Property securing a Non-Serviced Whole Loan), as the case may be, will be required to maintain such coverage to the extent such coverage is available at commercially reasonable rates and the trustee has an insurable interest, as determined by the master servicer (with respect to the
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Mortgage Loans and any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan) or the special servicer (with respect to REO Properties other than a Mortgaged Property securing a Non-Serviced Whole Loan), as applicable, in accordance with the Servicing Standard; provided that if any Mortgage Loan documents permit the holder thereof to dictate to the borrower the insurance coverage to be maintained on such Mortgaged Property, the master servicer or, with respect to REO Property, the special servicer will impose or maintain such insurance requirements as are consistent with the Servicing Standard taking into account the insurance in place at the origination of the Mortgage Loan; provided, further, that with respect to the immediately preceding proviso the master servicer will be obligated to use efforts consistent with the Servicing Standard to cause the borrower to maintain (or to itself maintain) insurance against property damage resulting from terrorist or similar acts unless the borrower’s failure is an Acceptable Insurance Default as determined by the special servicer with the consent of the Directing Certificateholder (unless a Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing and other than with respect to any Mortgage Loan that is an Excluded Loan as to such party). In addition, upon request of the Risk Retention Consultation Party with respect to any individual triggering event, the special servicer will be required to consult on a non-binding basis with the Risk Retention Consultation Party (only with respect to a Specially Serviced Loan and other than with respect to any Mortgage Loan that is an Excluded Loan as to such party) in connection with any determination of an Acceptable Insurance Default. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Certain Terms of the Mortgage Loans” and “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Terrorism Insurance May Not Be Available for All Mortgaged Properties”.
Notwithstanding any contrary provision above, the master servicer will not be required to maintain, and will not be in default for failing to obtain, any earthquake or environmental insurance on any Mortgaged Property unless (other than with respect to a Mortgaged Property securing a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) such insurance was required at the time of origination of the related Mortgage Loan, the trustee has an insurable interest and such insurance is currently available at commercially reasonable rates. In addition, the master servicer and special servicer will be entitled to rely on insurance consultants (at the applicable servicer’s expense) in determining whether any insurance is available at commercially reasonable rates. After the master servicer determines that a Mortgaged Property (other than a Mortgaged Property securing a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) is located in an area identified as a federally designated special flood hazard area (and flood insurance has been made available), the master servicer will be required to use efforts consistent with the Servicing Standard (1) to cause the borrower to maintain (to the extent required by the related Mortgage Loan documents), and (2) if the borrower does not so maintain, to itself maintain to the extent the trustee, as mortgagee, has an insurable interest in the Mortgaged Property and such insurance is available at commercially reasonable rates (as determined by the master servicer in accordance with the Servicing Standard but only to the extent that the related Mortgage Loan permits the lender to require the coverage) a flood insurance policy in an amount representing coverage not less than the lesser of (x) the outstanding principal balance of the related Mortgage Loan (and any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan) and (y) the maximum amount of insurance which is available under the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968, as amended, plus such additional excess flood coverage with respect to the Mortgaged Property, if any, in an amount consistent with the Servicing Standard.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to the Mortgage Loans (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) and any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan that either (x) require the borrower to maintain “all-risk” property insurance (and do not expressly permit an exclusion for terrorism) or (y) contain provisions generally requiring the applicable borrower to maintain insurance in types and against such risks as the holder of
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such Mortgage Loan and any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan reasonably requires from time to time in order to protect its interests, the master servicer will be required to, consistent with the Servicing Standard, (A) monitor in accordance with the Servicing Standard whether the insurance policies for the related Mortgaged Property contain exclusions in addition to those customarily found in insurance policies for mortgaged properties similar to the Mortgaged Properties on or prior to September 11, 2001 (“Additional Exclusions”) (provided that the master servicer will be entitled to conclusively rely upon certificates of insurance in determining whether such policies contain Additional Exclusions), (B) request the borrower to either purchase insurance against the risks specified in the Additional Exclusions or provide an explanation as to its reasons for failing to purchase such insurance, and (C) notify the special servicer if it has knowledge that any insurance policy contains Additional Exclusions or if it has knowledge that any borrower fails to purchase the insurance requested to be purchased by the master servicer pursuant to clause (B) above. If the special servicer determines in accordance with the Servicing Standard that such failure is not an Acceptable Insurance Default, the special servicer will be required to notify the master servicer and the master servicer will be required to use efforts consistent with the Servicing Standard to cause such insurance to be maintained. If the special servicer determines that such failure is an Acceptable Insurance Default, it will be required to promptly deliver such conclusions in writing to the 17g-5 Information Provider for posting to the 17g-5 Information Provider’s website for those Mortgage Loans that (i) have one of the 10 highest outstanding principal balances of the Mortgage Loans then included in the issuing entity or (ii) comprise more than 5% of the outstanding principal balance of the Mortgage Loans then included in the issuing entity.
“Acceptable Insurance Default” means, with respect to any Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) or Serviced Whole Loan, a default under the related Mortgage Loan documents arising by reason of (i) any failure on the part of the related borrower to maintain with respect to the related Mortgaged Property specific insurance coverage with respect to, or an all-risk casualty insurance policy that does not specifically exclude, terrorist or similar acts, and/or (ii) any failure on the part of the related borrower to maintain with respect to the related Mortgaged Property insurance coverage with respect to damages or casualties caused by terrorist or similar acts upon terms not materially less favorable than those in place as of the Closing Date, in each case, as to which default the master servicer and the special servicer may forbear taking any enforcement action; provided that, subject to the consent or consultation rights of the Directing Certificateholder and/or the consultation rights of the Risk Retention Consultation Party or the holder of any Companion Loan as described under “—The Directing Certificateholder—Major Decisions”, the special servicer has determined in its reasonable judgment based on inquiry consistent with the Servicing Standard that either (a) such insurance is not available at commercially reasonable rates and that such hazards are not at the time commonly insured against for properties similar to the related Mortgaged Property and located in or around the region in which such related Mortgaged Property is located, or (b) such insurance is not available at any rate.
During the period that the special servicer is evaluating the availability of such insurance, or waiting for a response from the Directing Certificateholder or, upon request of the Risk Retention Consultation Party with respect to any individual triggering event, to consult on a non-binding basis with the Risk Retention Consultation Party, neither the master servicer nor the special servicer will be liable for any loss related to its failure to require the borrower to maintain (or its failure to maintain) such insurance and neither will be in default of its obligations as a result of such failure.
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The special servicer will be required to maintain (or cause to be maintained) fire and hazard insurance on each REO Property (other than any REO Property with respect to a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) to the extent obtainable at commercially reasonable rates and the trustee has an insurable interest, in an amount that is at least equal to the lesser of (1) the full replacement cost of the improvements on the REO Property, and (2) the outstanding principal balance owing on the related Mortgage Loan and any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan or REO Loan, as applicable, and in any event, the amount necessary to avoid the operation of any co-insurance provisions. In addition, if the REO Property is located in an area identified as a federally designated special flood hazard area, the special servicer will be required to cause to be maintained, to the extent available at commercially reasonable rates (as determined by the special servicer (prior to the occurrence and continuance of a Control Termination Event, with the consent of the Directing Certificateholder (other than with respect to any Mortgage Loan that is an Excluded Loan as to such party)) and, with respect to a Specially Serviced Loan and upon request of the Risk Retention Consultation Party with respect to any individual triggering event, upon non-binding consultation with the Risk Retention Consultation Party (in either such case, in accordance with the Servicing Standard)), a flood insurance policy meeting the requirements of the current guidelines of the Federal Insurance Administration in an amount representing coverage not less than the maximum amount of insurance that is available under the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968, as amended.
The PSA provides that the master servicer may satisfy its obligation to cause each borrower to maintain a hazard insurance policy and the master servicer or special servicer may satisfy its obligation to maintain hazard insurance by maintaining a blanket or master single interest or force-placed policy insuring against hazard losses on the Mortgage Loans and related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan and REO Properties (other than a Mortgaged Property securing a Non-Serviced Whole Loan), as applicable. Any losses incurred with respect to Mortgage Loans (and any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan) or REO Properties due to uninsured risks (including earthquakes, mudflows and floods) or insufficient hazard insurance proceeds may adversely affect payments to Certificateholders. Any cost incurred by the master servicer or special servicer in maintaining a hazard insurance policy, if the borrower defaults on its obligation to do so, will be advanced by the master servicer as a Servicing Advance and will be charged to the related borrower. Generally, no borrower is required by the Mortgage Loan documents to maintain earthquake insurance on any Mortgaged Property and the special servicer will not be required to maintain earthquake insurance on any REO Properties. Any cost of maintaining that kind of required insurance or other earthquake insurance obtained by the special servicer will be paid out of the REO Account or advanced by the master servicer as a Servicing Advance.
The costs of the insurance may be recovered by the master servicer or the trustee, as the case may be, from reimbursements received from the borrower or, if the borrower does not pay those amounts, as a Servicing Advance as set forth in the PSA. All costs and expenses incurred by the special servicer in maintaining the insurance described above on REO Properties will be paid out of the related REO Account or, if the amount in such account is insufficient, such costs and expenses will be advanced by the master servicer to the special servicer as a Servicing Advance to the extent that such Servicing Advance is not determined to be a Nonrecoverable Advance.
No pool insurance policy, special hazard insurance policy, bankruptcy bond, repurchase bond or certificate guarantee insurance will be maintained with respect to the Mortgage Loans, nor will any Mortgage Loan be subject to FHA insurance.
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Modifications, Waivers and Amendments
Subject to the immediately succeeding paragraph, the special servicer will be responsible for processing waivers, modifications, amendments and consents with respect to Specially Serviced Loans and with respect to any Mortgage Loan sold to the depositor by a mortgage loan seller other than Wells Fargo Bank or any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan that, in either case, is not a Specially Serviced Loan but with respect to which the matter involves a Special Servicer Decision or a Major Decision, and the master servicer will be responsible for processing waivers, modifications, amendments and consents with respect to any Mortgage Loan (excluding any Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) or any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan that, in either case, is not a Specially Serviced Loan and with respect to which the matter does not involve a Special Servicer Decision or a Major Decision with respect to a Mortgage Loan sold to the depositor by a mortgage loan seller other than Wells Fargo Bank; provided that, except as otherwise set forth in this paragraph, no special servicer or master servicer may waive, modify or amend (or consent to waive, modify or amend) any provision of a Mortgage Loan and/or Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan that is not in default or as to which default is not reasonably foreseeable except for (1) the waiver of any due-on-sale clause or due-on-encumbrance clause to the extent permitted in the PSA, and (2) any waiver, modification or amendment more than 3 months after the Closing Date that would not be a “significant modification” of the Mortgage Loan within the meaning of Treasury regulations Section 1.860G-2(b) or otherwise cause any Trust REMIC to fail to qualify as a REMIC, or the Trust or any Trust REMIC to be subject to tax. Subject to the immediately succeeding paragraph, the master servicer will not be permitted under the PSA to agree to any modifications, waivers and amendments that constitute Major Decisions without the consent of the special servicer (which such consent will be deemed given (unless earlier objected to by the special servicer) within 15 business days of the special servicer’s receipt from the master servicer of the master servicer’s written recommendation and analysis with respect to such Major Decision and all information reasonably requested by the special servicer and reasonably available to the master servicer in order to make an informed decision with respect to such Major Decision).
Upon receiving a request for any matter described in this section that constitutes a Special Servicer Decision or a Major Decision (without regard to the proviso in the definition of “Special Servicer Decision” or “Major Decision”, as applicable) with respect to a Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) sold to the depositor by a mortgage loan seller other than Wells Fargo Bank that is not a Specially Serviced Loan, the master servicer will be required to forward such request to the special servicer and, unless the master servicer and the special servicer mutually agree that the master servicer will process such request, the special servicer will be required to process such request and the master servicer will have no further obligation with respect to such request or the Special Servicer Decision or Major Decision.
If, and only if, the special servicer determines that a modification, waiver or amendment (including the forgiveness or deferral of interest or principal or the substitution or release of collateral or the pledge of additional collateral) of the terms of a Specially Serviced Loan with respect to which a payment default or other material default has occurred or a payment default or other material default is, in the special servicer’s judgment, reasonably foreseeable, is reasonably likely to produce a greater (or equivalent) recovery on a net present value basis (the relevant discounting to be performed at the related Mortgage Rate) to the issuing entity and, if applicable, the holders of any applicable Companion Loan, than liquidation of such Specially Serviced Loan, then the special servicer may, but is not required to, agree to a modification, waiver or amendment of the Specially Serviced Loan,
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subject to (x) the restrictions and limitations described below, (y) with respect to any Major Decision, (a) with respect to any Mortgage Loan other than any Excluded Loan as to such party, the approval of the Directing Certificateholder (prior to the occurrence and continuance of a Control Termination Event or after the occurrence and during the continuance of a Control Termination Event, but prior to the occurrence and continuance of a Consultation Termination Event, upon consultation with the Directing Certificateholder) and (b) upon request of the Risk Retention Consultation Party with respect to any individual triggering event, with respect to a Specially Serviced Loan other than any Excluded Loan as to such party, non-binding consultation with the Risk Retention Consultation Party, in each case as provided in the PSA and described in this prospectus and (z) with respect to a Serviced Whole Loan, the rights of the holder of the related Companion Loan, as applicable, to advise or consult with the special servicer with respect to, or consent to, such modification, waiver or amendment, in each case, pursuant to the terms of the related intercreditor agreement and, with respect to a Mortgage Loan that has mezzanine debt, the rights of the mezzanine lender to consent to such modification, waiver or amendment, in each case, pursuant to the terms of the related intercreditor agreement.
In connection with (i) the release of a Mortgaged Property (other than a Mortgaged Property securing a Non-Serviced Whole Loan) or any portion of such a Mortgaged Property from the lien of the related Mortgage or (ii) the taking of a Mortgaged Property (other than a Mortgaged Property securing a Non-Serviced Whole Loan) or any portion of such a Mortgaged Property by exercise of the power of eminent domain or condemnation, if the related Mortgage Loan documents require the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, to calculate (or to approve the calculation of the related borrower of) the loan-to-value ratio of the remaining Mortgaged Property or Mortgaged Properties or the fair market value of the real property constituting the remaining Mortgaged Property or Mortgaged Properties, for purposes of REMIC qualification of the related Mortgage Loan, then such calculation will, unless then permitted by the REMIC provisions, exclude the value of personal property and going concern value, if any, as determined by an appropriate third party.
The special servicer is required to use its reasonable efforts to the extent reasonably possible to fully amortize a modified Mortgage Loan prior to the Rated Final Distribution Date. The special servicer may not agree to a modification, waiver or amendment if that modification, waiver or amendment would:
(1) extend the maturity date of the Specially Serviced Loan to a date occurring later than the earlier of (A) 5 years prior to the Rated Final Distribution Date and (B) if the Specially Serviced Loan is secured solely or primarily by a leasehold estate and not the related fee interest, the date occurring 20 years or, to the extent consistent with the Servicing Standard giving due consideration to the remaining term of the ground lease and, (a) prior to the occurrence and continuance of a Control Termination Event, with the consent of the Directing Certificateholder and (b) upon request of the Risk Retention Consultation Party with respect to any individual triggering event, after non-binding consultation with the Risk Retention Consultation Party (in either such case, other than with respect to any Mortgage Loan that is an Excluded Loan as to such party), 10 years, prior to the end of the current term of the ground lease, plus any options to extend exercisable unilaterally by the borrower; or
(2) provide for the deferral of interest unless interest accrues on the Mortgage Loan or any Serviced Whole Loan, generally, at the related Mortgage Rate.
If the special servicer gives notice of any modification, waiver or amendment of any term of any Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Whole Loan) or related Companion
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Loan, the special servicer will be required to notify the master servicer, the holder of any related Companion Loan, the related mortgage loan seller (so long as such mortgage loan seller is not the master servicer or sub-servicer of such Mortgage Loan, the Directing Certificateholder or the Risk Retention Consultation Party), the operating advisor (after the occurrence and during the continuance of a Control Termination Event), the certificate administrator, the trustee, the Directing Certificateholder (other than with respect to any Mortgage Loan that is an Excluded Loan as to such party, and unless a Consultation Termination Event has occurred and is continuing) and the Risk Retention Consultation Party (other than with respect to a Mortgage Loan that is an Excluded Loan as to such party), and the 17g-5 Information Provider, who will thereafter post any such notice to the 17g-5 Information Provider’s website. If the master servicer gives notice of any modification, waiver or amendment of any term of any such Mortgage Loan or related Companion Loan, the master servicer will be required to notify the certificate administrator, the trustee, the special servicer (and the special servicer will forward such notice to the Directing Certificateholder (other than with respect to any Mortgage Loan that is an Excluded Loan as to such party, and unless a Consultation Termination Event has occurred and is continuing) and the Risk Retention Consultation Party (other than with respect to a Mortgage Loan that is an Excluded Loan as to such party)), the related mortgage loan seller (so long as such mortgage loan seller is not the master servicer or sub-servicer of such Mortgage Loan, the Directing Certificateholder or the Risk Retention Consultation Party), the holder of any related Companion Loan and the 17g-5 Information Provider, who will be required to thereafter post any such notice to the 17g-5 Information Provider’s website. The party providing notice will be required to deliver to the custodian for deposit in the related Mortgage File, an original counterpart of the agreement related to the modification, waiver or amendment, promptly following the execution of that agreement, and if required, a copy to the master servicer and to the holder of any related Companion Loan, all as set forth in the PSA. Copies of each agreement whereby the modification, waiver or amendment of any term of any Mortgage Loan is effected are required to be available for review during normal business hours at the offices of the custodian. See “Description of the Certificates—Reports to Certificateholders; Certain Available Information”.
The modification, waiver or amendment of a Serviced Whole Loan or a Mortgage Loan that has a related mezzanine loan will be subject to certain limitations set forth in the related intercreditor agreement. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Other Financings or Ability to Incur Other Indebtedness Entails Risk”.
Enforcement of “Due-on-Sale” and “Due-on-Encumbrance” Provisions
The master servicer (with respect to a Mortgage Loan that is not a Specially Serviced Loan or a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan, provided that the matter does not involve a Special Servicer Decision or a Major Decision with respect to any Mortgage Loan sold by a mortgage loan seller other than Wells Fargo Bank) or the special servicer (in any other case) will determine, in a manner consistent with the Servicing Standard, whether (a) to exercise any right it may have with respect to a Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) and any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan containing a “due-on-sale” clause (1) to accelerate the payments on that Mortgage Loan and any related Companion Loan, as applicable, or (2) to withhold its consent to any sale or transfer, consistent with the Servicing Standard or (b) to waive its right to exercise such rights; provided, however, that (i) with respect to such waiver of rights, if such waiver is by the master servicer, the master servicer has obtained the consent of the special servicer (provided that such consent will be deemed given within 15 business days (or 5 business days after the time period provided for in any related Intercreditor Agreement) of the special servicer’s receipt from the master servicer of the master servicer’s written recommendation and analysis with
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respect to such waiver and all information reasonably requested by the special servicer and reasonably available to the master servicer in order to make an informed decision with respect to such waiver) and prior to the occurrence and continuance of any Control Termination Event and other than with respect to an applicable Excluded Loan, the special servicer has obtained the prior written consent (or deemed consent) of the Directing Certificateholder (or after the occurrence and during the continuance of a Control Termination Event, but prior to the occurrence and continuance of a Consultation Termination Event and other than with respect to an applicable Excluded Loan, the special servicer has consulted with the Directing Certificateholder), which consent will be deemed given 10 business days after the Directing Certificateholder’s receipt of the special servicer’s written recommendation and analysis with respect to such waiver and all information reasonably requested by the Directing Certificateholder, and reasonably available to the special servicer with respect to such proposed waiver or proposed granting of consent and (ii) with respect to any Mortgage Loan (either alone or, if applicable, with other related Mortgage Loans) that exceeds specified size thresholds (either actual or relative), or that fails to satisfy certain other applicable conditions imposed by the Rating Agencies, a Rating Agency Confirmation is received by the master servicer or the special servicer, as the case may be, from each Rating Agency and a confirmation of any applicable rating agency that such action will not result in the downgrade, withdrawal or qualification of its then-current ratings of any class of securities backed, wholly or partially, by any Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan (if any).
For the avoidance of doubt, with respect to any Mortgage Loan that is (i) not an Excluded Loan with respect to the Risk Retention Consultation Party or the holder of the majority of the RRI Interest and (ii) prior to the occurrence and continuance of a Consultation Termination Event, a Specially Serviced Loan, upon request of the Risk Retention Consultation Party with respect to any individual triggering event, the special servicer will be required to consult on a non-binding basis with the Risk Retention Consultation Party within the same time period as it would obtain the consent of, or consult with, the Directing Certificateholder with respect to the above described “due-on-sale” matters.
With respect to a Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) and any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan with a “due-on-encumbrance” clause, the master servicer (with respect to a Mortgage Loan that is not a Specially Serviced Loan or a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan, provided that the matter does not involve a Special Servicer Decision or a Major Decision with respect to any Mortgage Loan sold by a mortgage loan seller other than Wells Fargo Bank) or the special servicer (in any other case) will determine, in a manner consistent with the Servicing Standard, whether (a) to exercise any right it may have with respect to a Mortgage Loan containing a “due-on-encumbrance” clause (1) to accelerate the payments thereon, or (2) to withhold its consent to the creation of any additional lien or other encumbrance, consistent with the Servicing Standard or (b) to waive its right to exercise such rights, provided, however, that the master servicer, prior to itself taking such an action, has obtained the consent of the special servicer (provided that such consent will be deemed given within 15 business days (or 5 business days after the time period provided for in any related Intercreditor Agreement) of the special servicer’s receipt from the master servicer of the master servicer’s written recommendation and analysis with respect to such waiver and all information reasonably requested by the special servicer and reasonably available to the master servicer in order to make an informed decision with respect to such waiver) and that (i)(x) prior to the occurrence and continuance of any Control Termination Event, the special servicer has obtained the prior written consent (or deemed consent) of the Directing Certificateholder (other than with respect to any Mortgage Loan that is an Excluded Loan as to such party), or (y) after the occurrence and
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during the continuance of a Control Termination Event, but prior to the occurrence and continuance of a Consultation Termination Event, the special servicer has consulted with the Directing Certificateholder (other than with respect to any Mortgage Loan that is an Excluded Loan as to such party), which consent will be deemed given 10 business days after the Directing Certificateholder’s receipt of the special servicer’s written recommendation and analysis with respect to such waiver and all information reasonably requested by the Directing Certificateholder, and reasonably available to the special servicer with respect to such proposed waiver or proposed granting of consent and (ii) with respect to any Mortgage Loan (either alone or, if applicable, with other related Mortgage Loans) that exceeds specified size thresholds (either actual or relative), or that fails to satisfy certain other applicable conditions imposed by the Rating Agencies, the master servicer or the special servicer has received a Rating Agency Confirmation from each Rating Agency and a confirmation of any applicable rating agency that such action will not result in the downgrade, withdrawal or qualification of its then-current ratings of any class of securities backed, wholly or partially, by any Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan (if any).
For the avoidance of doubt, with respect to any Mortgage Loan that is (i) not an Excluded Loan with respect to the Risk Retention Consultation Party or the holder of the majority of the RRI Interest and (ii) prior to the occurrence and continuance of a Consultation Termination Event, a Specially Serviced Loan, upon request of the Risk Retention Consultation Party with respect to any individual triggering event, the special servicer will be required to consult on a non-binding basis with the Risk Retention Consultation Party within the same time period as it would obtain the consent of, or consult with, the Directing Certificateholder with respect to the above described “due-on-encumbrance” matters.
Any modification, extension, waiver or amendment of the payment terms of a Non-Serviced Whole Loan will be required to be structured so as to be consistent with the servicing standard under the related Non-Serviced PSA and the allocation and payment priorities in the related Mortgage Loan documents and the related Intercreditor Agreement, such that neither the issuing entity as holder of such Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan nor any holder of the related Non-Serviced Companion Loan gains a priority over the other holder that is not reflected in the related Mortgage Loan documents and the related Intercreditor Agreement.
“Special Servicer Decision” means any of the following with respect to a Mortgage Loan sold to the depositor by a mortgage loan seller other than Wells Fargo Bank:
(i) approving leases, lease modifications or amendments or any requests for subordination, non-disturbance and attornment or other similar agreements for leases (other than, in each case, ground leases) in excess of the lesser of (i) 30,000 square feet of the improvements at the related Mortgaged Property and (ii) 30% of the net rentable area of the improvements at the related Mortgaged Property;
(ii) approving annual budgets for the related Mortgaged Property with material (more than 15%) increases in operating expenses or payments to entities actually known by the master servicer to be affiliates of the related borrower (excluding affiliated managers paid at fee rates agreed to at the origination of the related Mortgage Loan);
(iii) any requests for the funding or disbursement of amounts from any escrow accounts, reserve funds or letters of credit held as “performance”, “earn-out”, “holdback” or similar escrows or reserves, including the funding or disbursement of any such amounts with respect to any Mortgage Loan, but excluding, as to Mortgage
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Loans that are not Specially Serviced Loans, any routine and/or customary escrow and reserve fundings or disbursements for which the satisfaction of performance-related criteria or lender discretion is not required or permitted pursuant to the terms of the related Mortgage Loan documents (for the avoidance of doubt, any request with respect to a Mortgage Loan that is not a Specially Serviced Loan for the funding or disbursement of ordinary course impounds, repair and replacement reserves, lender approved budget and operating expenses, and tenant improvements pursuant to an approved lease, each in accordance with the Mortgage Loan documents (all such fundings and disbursements being collectively referred to as “Routine Disbursements”) or any other funding or disbursement as mutually agreed upon by the master servicer and the special servicer, will not constitute a Special Servicer Decision; provided, however, that in the case of any Mortgage Loan whose escrows, reserves, holdbacks and related letters of credit exceed, in the aggregate, at the related origination date, 10% of the initial principal balance of such Mortgage Loan, no such funding or disbursement of such escrows, reserves, holdbacks or letters of credit will be deemed to constitute a Routine Disbursement, and will instead constitute Special Servicer Decisions, except for the routine funding of tax payments and insurance premiums when due and payable (provided that the Mortgage Loan is not a Specially Serviced Loan);
(iv) requests to incur additional debt in accordance with the terms of the Mortgage Loan documents;
(v) requests for property releases or substitutions, other than (i) grants of easements or rights of way that do not materially affect the use or value of a Mortgaged Property or the borrower’s ability to make any payments with respect to the related Mortgage Loan or Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan, (ii) releases of non-material parcels of a Mortgaged Property (including, without limitation, any such releases (A) to which the related Mortgage Loan documents expressly require the mortgagee thereunder to make such releases upon the satisfaction of certain conditions (and the conditions to the release that are set forth in the related Mortgage Loan documents do not include the approval of the lender or the exercise of lender discretion (other than confirming the satisfaction of the other conditions to the release set forth in the related Mortgage Loan documents that do not include any other approval or exercise)) and such release is made as required by the related Mortgage Loan documents or (B) that are related to any condemnation action that is pending, or threatened in writing, and would affect a non-material portion of the Mortgaged Property), or (iii) the release of collateral securing any Mortgage Loan in connection with a defeasance of such collateral;
(vi) approving any transfers of an interest in the borrower under a Mortgage Loan, unless such transfer (i) is allowed under the terms of the related Mortgage Loan documents without the exercise of any lender approval or discretion other than confirming the satisfaction of the other conditions to the transfer set forth in the related Mortgage Loan documents that do not include any other approval or exercise of discretion, including a consent to transfer to any subsidiary or affiliate of such borrower or to a person acquiring less than a majority interest in such borrower and (ii) does not involve incurring new mezzanine financing or a change in control of the borrower;
(vii) approval of any waiver regarding the receipt of financial statements (other than immaterial timing waivers including late financial statements);
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(viii) approval of easements that materially affect the use or value of a Mortgaged Property or the borrower’s ability to make any payments with respect to the related Mortgage Loan;
(ix) agreeing to any modification of the type of defeasance collateral required under the Mortgage Loan documents such that defeasance collateral other than direct, non-callable obligations of the United States of America would be permitted; and
(x) determining whether to cure any default by a borrower under a ground lease or permit any ground lease modification, amendment or subordination, non-disturbance and attornment agreement or entry into a new ground lease;
provided, however, that notwithstanding the foregoing, “Special Servicer Decision” will not include any matter listed in clauses (i) through (x) above (1) requested with respect to a Mortgage Loan sold by a mortgage loan seller other than Wells Fargo Bank if the master servicer and the special servicer have mutually agreed, as contemplated by the PSA, that the master servicer will process such matter with respect to such Mortgage Loan or (2) requested with respect to a Mortgage Loan sold by Wells Fargo Bank.
Upon receiving a request for any matter described in this section that constitutes a Special Servicer Decision or a Major Decision (without regard to the proviso in the definition of “Special Servicer Decision” or “Major Decision”, as applicable) with respect to a Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan, except with respect to clause (xiii) of the definition of “Major Decision”) sold to the depositor by a mortgage loan seller other than Wells Fargo Bank that is not a Specially Serviced Loan, the master servicer will be required to forward such request to the special servicer and, unless the master servicer and the special servicer mutually agree that the master servicer will process such request, the special servicer will be required to process such request and the master servicer will have no further obligation with respect to such request or the Special Servicer Decision or Major Decision.
Inspections
The master servicer will be required to perform (at its own expense) or cause to be performed (at its own expense) physical inspections of each Mortgaged Property relating to a Mortgage Loan (other than a Mortgaged Property securing a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan, which is subject to inspection pursuant to the related Non-Serviced PSA, and other than a Specially Serviced Loan) with a Stated Principal Balance of (A) $2,000,000 or more at least once every 12 months and (B) less than $2,000,000 at least once every 24 months, in each case commencing in the calendar year 2017 unless a physical inspection has been performed by the special servicer within the previous 12 months; provided, further, however, that if any scheduled payment becomes more than 60 days delinquent on the related Mortgage Loan, the special servicer is required to inspect or cause to be inspected the related Mortgaged Property as soon as practicable after the Mortgage Loan becomes a Specially Serviced Loan and annually thereafter for so long as the Mortgage Loan remains a Specially Serviced Loan (the cost of which inspection, to the extent not paid by the related borrower, will be reimbursed first from default interest and late charges constituting additional compensation of the special servicer on the related Mortgage Loan (but with respect to a Serviced Whole Loan, only amounts available for such purpose under the related Intercreditor Agreement) and then from the Collection Account as an expense of the issuing entity, and in the case of a Serviced Whole Loan, as an expense of the holders of the related Serviced Pari Passu Mortgage Loan and Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan, pro rata and pari passu, to the extent provided in the related Intercreditor Agreement. The
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special servicer or master servicer, as applicable, will be required to prepare or cause to be prepared a written report of the inspection describing, among other things, the condition of and any damage to the Mortgaged Property to the extent evident from the inspection and specifying the existence of any vacancies at the Mortgaged Property of which the preparer of such report has knowledge and the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, deems material, of any sale, transfer or abandonment of the Mortgaged Property of which the preparer of such report has knowledge or that is evident from the inspection, of any adverse change in the condition of the Mortgaged Property of which the preparer of such report has knowledge or that is evident from the inspection, and that the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, deems material, or of any material waste committed on the Mortgaged Property to the extent evident from the inspection.
Copies of the inspection reports referred to above that are delivered to the certificate administrator will be posted to the certificate administrator’s website for review by Privileged Persons pursuant to the PSA. See “Description of the Certificates—Reports to Certificateholders; Certain Available Information”.
Collection of Operating Information
With respect to each Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan), the special servicer or the master servicer, as applicable, will be required to use reasonable efforts to collect and review quarterly and annual operating statements, financial statements, budgets and rent rolls of the related Mortgaged Property commencing with the calendar quarter ending on March 31, 2017 and the calendar year ending on December 31, 2016. Most of the Mortgage Loan documents obligate the related borrower to deliver annual property operating statements. However, we cannot assure you that any operating statements required to be delivered will in fact be delivered, nor is the special servicer or the master servicer likely to have any practical means of compelling the delivery in the case of an otherwise performing Mortgage Loan. In addition, the special servicer will be required to cause quarterly and annual operating statements, budgets and rent rolls to be regularly prepared in respect of each REO Property and to collect all such items promptly following their preparation.
Special Servicing Transfer Event
The Mortgage Loans (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan), any related Companion Loan and any related REO Properties will be serviced by the special servicer under the PSA in the event that the servicing responsibilities of the master servicer are transferred to the special servicer as described below. Such Mortgage Loans and related Companion Loan (including those loans that have become REO Properties) serviced by the special servicer are referred to in this prospectus collectively as the “Specially Serviced Loans”. The master servicer will be required to transfer its servicing responsibilities to the special servicer with respect to any Mortgage Loan (including any related Companion Loan) for which the master servicer is responsible for servicing:
(1) the related borrower has failed to make when due any balloon payment, and the borrower has not delivered to the master servicer or the special servicer, on or before the date on which the subject payment was due, a written and fully executed (subject only to customary final closing conditions) refinancing commitment from an acceptable lender and reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, (and the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, will be required to promptly forward such commitment to the special servicer or the master servicer, as applicable) which provides that such refinancing will occur within 120 days after the date on which such balloon payment will become due (provided that if either such refinancing does
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not occur before the expiration of the time period for refinancing specified in such refinancing commitment or the master servicer is required to make a P&I Advance in respect of such Mortgage Loan (or, in the case of any Serviced Whole Loan, in respect of the Mortgage Loan included in the same Whole Loan) at any time prior to such refinancing, a special servicing transfer event will occur immediately);
(2) the related borrower has failed to make when due any Periodic Payment (other than a balloon payment) or any other payment (other than a balloon payment) required under the related mortgage note or the related mortgage, which failure continues unremedied for 60 days;
(3) the master servicer determines (in accordance with the Servicing Standard) or receives from the special servicer a written determination of the special servicer (which determination the special servicer is required to make in accordance with the Servicing Standard and (A) with the consent of the Directing Certificateholder (other than with respect to an Excluded Loan with respect to such party and only if no Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing) or (B) following consultation with the Directing Certificateholder (other than with respect to an Excluded Loan with respect to such party and only if a Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing but no Consultation Termination Event has occurred and is continuing) that a default in making any Periodic Payment (other than a balloon payment) or any other material payment (other than a balloon payment) required under the related mortgage note or the related mortgage is likely to occur in the foreseeable future, and such default is likely to remain unremedied for at least 60 days beyond the date on which the subject payment will become due; or the master servicer determines (in accordance with the Servicing Standard) or receives from the special servicer a written determination of the special servicer (which determination the special servicer is required to make in accordance with the Servicing Standard and (A) with the consent of the Directing Certificateholder (other than with respect to an Excluded Loan with respect to such party and only if no Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing) or (B) following consultation with the Directing Certificateholder (other than with respect to an Excluded Loan with respect to such party and only if a Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing but no Consultation Termination Event has occurred and is continuing) that a default in making a balloon payment is likely to occur in the foreseeable future, and such default is likely to remain unremedied for at least 60 days beyond the date on which such balloon payment will become due (or, if the borrower has delivered a written and fully executed (subject only to customary final closing conditions) refinancing commitment from an acceptable lender and reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the master servicer or the special servicer (and the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, will be required to promptly forward such commitment to the special servicer or the master servicer, as applicable) which provides that such refinancing will occur within 120 days after the date on which such balloon payment will become due, the master servicer determines (in accordance with the Servicing Standard) or receives from the special servicer a written determination of the special servicer (which determination the special servicer is required to make in accordance with the Servicing Standard and (A) with the consent of the Directing Certificateholder (other than with respect to an Excluded Loan with respect to such party and only if no Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing) or (B) following consultation with the Directing Certificateholder (other than with respect to an Excluded Loan with respect to such party and only if a Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing but no Consultation Termination Event has occurred and is continuing) that (a) the borrower is likely not to make one or more assumed Periodic Payments as described under “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Advances—P&I Advances” in this prospectus prior to such a refinancing or (b) the refinancing is not likely to occur within 120 days following the date on which the balloon payment will become due);
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(4) there has occurred a default (including, in the master servicer’s or the special servicer’s judgment, the failure of the related borrower to maintain any insurance required to be maintained pursuant to the related Mortgage Loan documents, unless such default has been waived in accordance with the PSA) under the related Mortgage Loan documents, other than as described in clause (1) or (2) above, that may, in the good faith and reasonable judgment of the master servicer or the special servicer (and, in the case of the special servicer (A) with the consent of the Directing Certificateholder (other than with respect to an Excluded Loan with respect to such party and only if no Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing) or (B) following consultation with the Directing Certificateholder (other than with respect to an Excluded Loan with respect to such party and only if a Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing but no Consultation Termination Event has occurred and is continuing), materially impair the value of the related Mortgaged Property as security for such Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan or otherwise materially and adversely affect the interests of Certificateholders (or, in the case of the Serviced Whole Loan, the interests of any holder of a related Serviced Companion Loan), which default has continued unremedied for the applicable cure period under the terms of such Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan (or, if no cure period is specified, 60 days);
(5) a decree or order of a court or agency or supervisory authority having jurisdiction in the premises in an involuntary case under any present or future federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law or the appointment of a conservator or receiver or liquidator in any insolvency, readjustment of debt, marshalling of assets and liabilities or similar proceedings, or for the winding-up or liquidation of its affairs, has been entered against the related borrower and such decree or order has remained in force undischarged or unstayed for a period of sixty (60) days;
(6) the related borrower has consented to the appointment of a conservator or receiver or liquidator in any insolvency, readjustment of debt, marshalling of assets and liabilities or similar proceedings of or relating to such borrower or of or relating to all or substantially all of its property;
(7) the related borrower has admitted in writing its inability to pay its debts generally as they become due, filed a petition to take advantage of any applicable insolvency or reorganization statute, made an assignment for the benefit of its creditors, or voluntarily suspended payment of its obligations;
(8) the master servicer or the special servicer receives notice of the commencement of foreclosure or similar proceedings with respect to the corresponding Mortgaged Property; or
(9) the master servicer or the special servicer (and in the case of the special servicer, with the consent of the Directing Certificateholder (other than with respect to an Excluded Loan with respect to such party and only for so long as no Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing)) determines that (i) a default (including, in the master servicer’s or the special servicer’s judgment, the failure of the related borrower to maintain any insurance required to be maintained pursuant to the related Mortgage Loan documents, unless such default has been waived in accordance with the PSA) under the Mortgage Loan documents (other than as described in clause 3 above) is imminent or reasonably foreseeable, (ii) such default will materially impair the value of the corresponding Mortgaged Property as security for the Mortgage Loan or Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan (if any) or otherwise materially and adversely affect the interests of Certificateholders (or the holder of the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan) and (iii) the default is likely to continue unremedied for the applicable cure period under the terms of the Mortgage Loan
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documents, or, if no cure period is specified and the default is capable of being cured, for 60 days.
However, the master servicer will be required to continue to (x) receive payments on the Mortgage Loans (and any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan) (including amounts collected by the special servicer), (y) make certain calculations with respect to the Mortgage Loans and any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan and (z) make remittances and prepare certain reports to the Certificateholders with respect to the Mortgage Loans and any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan. Additionally, the master servicer will continue to receive the Servicing Fee in respect of the Mortgage Loans (and any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan) at the Servicing Fee Rate.
If the related Mortgaged Property is acquired in respect of any Mortgage Loan (and any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan) (upon acquisition, an “REO Property”) whether through foreclosure, deed-in-lieu of foreclosure or otherwise, the special servicer will continue to be responsible for its operation and management. If any Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan becomes specially serviced, then the related Mortgage Loan will also become a Specially Serviced Loan. If any Mortgage Loan becomes a Specially Serviced Loan, then the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan will also become a Specially Serviced Loan. The master servicer will not have any responsibility for the performance by the special servicer of its duties under the PSA. Any Mortgage Loan (excluding any Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) that is or becomes a cross-collateralized Mortgage Loan and is cross-collateralized with a Specially Serviced Loan will become a Specially Serviced Loan.
If any Specially Serviced Loan, in accordance with its original terms or as modified in accordance with the PSA, becomes performing for at least 3 consecutive Periodic Payments (provided that no additional event of default is foreseeable in the reasonable judgment of the special servicer and no other event or circumstance exists that causes such Mortgage Loan or related Companion Loan to otherwise constitute a Specially Serviced Loan), the special servicer will be required to transfer servicing of such Specially Serviced Loan (a “Corrected Loan”) to the master servicer.
Asset Status Report
The special servicer will be required to prepare a report (an “Asset Status Report”) for each Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) and, if applicable, any Serviced Whole Loan that becomes a Specially Serviced Loan not later than 60 days after the servicing of such Mortgage Loan is transferred to the special servicer. Each Asset Status Report will be required to be delivered in electronic form to:
· | the Directing Certificateholder (but only with respect to any Mortgage Loan other than an Excluded Loan as to such party and prior to the occurrence and continuance of a Consultation Termination Event); |
· | the Risk Retention Party (but only with respect to any Mortgage Loan other than an Excluded Loan as to such party); |
· | with respect to any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan, the holder of the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan or, to the extent the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan has been included in a securitization transaction, the master servicer of such securitization into which the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan has been sold; |
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· | the operating advisor (but, other than with respect to an Excluded Loan as to the Directing Certificateholder or the holder of the majority of the Controlling Class, only after the occurrence and during the continuance of a Control Termination Event); |
· | the master servicer; and |
· | the 17g-5 Information Provider, which will be required to post such report to the 17g-5 Information Provider’s website. |
A summary of each Final Asset Status Report will be provided to the certificate administrator and the certificate administrator will be required to post the summary of the Final Asset Status Report to the certificate administrator’s website.
An Asset Status Report prepared for each Specially Serviced Loan will be required to include, among other things, the following information:
· | a summary of the status of such Specially Serviced Loan and any negotiations with the related borrower; |
· | a discussion of the legal and environmental considerations reasonably known to the special servicer, consistent with the Servicing Standard, that are applicable to the exercise of remedies and to the enforcement of any related guaranties or other collateral for the related Specially Serviced Loan and whether outside legal counsel has been retained; |
· | the most current rent roll and income or operating statement available for the related Mortgaged Property; |
· | (A) the special servicer’s recommendations on how such Specially Serviced Loan might be returned to performing status (including the modification of a monetary term, and any workout, restructure or debt forgiveness) and returned to the master servicer for regular servicing or foreclosed or otherwise realized upon (including any proposed sale of a Defaulted Loan or REO Property), (B) a description of any such proposed or taken actions, and (C) the alternative courses of action that were or are being considered by the special servicer in connection with the proposed or taken actions; |
· | the status of any foreclosure actions or other proceedings undertaken with respect to the Specially Serviced Loan, any proposed workouts and the status of any negotiations with respect to such workouts, and an assessment of the likelihood of additional defaults under the related Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan; |
· | a description of any amendment, modification or waiver of a material term of any ground lease (or any space lease or air rights lease, if applicable) or franchise agreement; |
· | the decision that the special servicer made, or intends or proposes to make, including a narrative analysis setting forth the special servicer’s rationale for its proposed decision, including its rejection of the alternatives; |
· | an analysis of whether or not taking such proposed action is reasonably likely to produce a greater recovery on a present value basis than not taking such action, setting forth (x) the basis on which the special servicer made such determination and (y) the net present value calculation and all related assumptions; |
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· | the appraised value of the related Mortgaged Property (and a copy of the last obtained appraisal of such Mortgaged Property) together with a description of any adjustments to the valuation of such Mortgaged Property made by the special servicer together with an explanation of those adjustments; and |
· | such other information as the special servicer deems relevant in light of the Servicing Standard. |
With respect to any Mortgage Loan other than an Excluded Loan as to the Directing Certificateholder or the holder of the majority of the Controlling Class, if no Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing, the Directing Certificateholder will have the right to disapprove the Asset Status Report prepared by the special servicer with respect to a Specially Serviced Loan within 10 business days after receipt of the Asset Status Report. If the Directing Certificateholder does not disapprove an Asset Status Report within 10 business days or if the special servicer makes a determination, in accordance with the Servicing Standard, that the disapproval by the Directing Certificateholder (communicated to the special servicer within 10 business days) is not in the best interest of all the Certificateholders, the special servicer will be required to implement the recommended action as outlined in the Asset Status Report. If the Directing Certificateholder disapproves the Asset Status Report within the 10 business day period and the special servicer has not made the affirmative determination described above, the special servicer will be required to revise the Asset Status Report as soon as practicable thereafter, but in no event later than 30 days after the disapproval. The special servicer will be required to continue to revise the Asset Status Report until the Directing Certificateholder fails to disapprove the revised Asset Status Report or until the special servicer makes a determination, in accordance with the Servicing Standard, that the disapproval is not in the best interests of the Certificateholders; provided that, if the Directing Certificateholder has not approved the Asset Status Report for a period of 60 business days following the first submission of an Asset Status Report, the special servicer may act upon the most recently submitted form of Asset Status Report, if consistent with the Servicing Standard.
If a Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing, the special servicer will be required to promptly deliver each Asset Status Report prepared in connection with a Specially Serviced Loan to the operating advisor and to the Directing Certificateholder (other than with respect to any Mortgage Loan that is an Excluded Loan as to such party)). The operating advisor will be required to provide comments to the special servicer in respect of the Asset Status Report, if any, within 10 business days following the later of receipt of (i) such Asset Status Report or (ii) such related additional information reasonably requested by the operating advisor, and propose possible alternative courses of action to the extent it determines such alternatives to be in the best interest of the Certificateholders (including any Certificateholders that are holders of the Control Eligible Certificates), as a collective whole. The special servicer will be obligated to consider such alternative courses of action and any other feedback provided by the operating advisor (and the Directing Certificateholder (if no Consultation Termination Event has occurred and is continuing and other than with respect to any Mortgage Loan that is an Excluded Loan as to such party)) in connection with the special servicer’s preparation of any Asset Status Report. The special servicer will revise the Asset Status Report as it deems necessary to take into account any input and/or comments from the operating advisor and the Directing Certificateholder (if no Consultation Termination Event has occurred and is continuing and other than with respect to any Mortgage Loan that is an Excluded Loan as to such party), to the extent the special servicer determines that the operating advisor’s and/or Directing Certificateholder’s input and/or recommendations are consistent with the Servicing Standard and in the best interest of the Certificateholders as a collective whole (or, with respect to a Serviced Whole Loan,
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the best interest of the Certificateholders and the holders of the related Companion Loan, as a collective whole (taking into account the pari passu nature of such Companion Loan)).
The special servicer will not be required to take or to refrain from taking any action because of an objection or comment by the operating advisor or a recommendation of the operating advisor.
After the occurrence and during the continuance of a Control Termination Event but prior to the occurrence and continuance of a Consultation Termination Event, each of the Directing Certificateholder (other than with respect to an applicable Excluded Loan) and the operating advisor will be entitled to consult with the special servicer and propose alternative courses of action and provide other feedback in respect of any Asset Status Report. After the occurrence and during the continuance of a Consultation Termination Event, the Directing Certificateholder will not have any right to consult with the special servicer with respect to Asset Status Reports and the special servicer will only be obligated to consult with the operating advisor with respect to any Asset Status Report as described above. The special servicer may choose to revise the Asset Status Report as it deems reasonably necessary in accordance with the Servicing Standard to take into account any input and/or recommendations of the operating advisor or the Directing Certificateholder during the applicable periods described above, but is under no obligation to follow any particular recommendation of the operating advisor or the Directing Certificateholder.
With respect to each Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan, the related Non-Serviced Directing Certificateholder will have approval and consultation rights with respect to any asset status report prepared by the related Non-Serviced Special Servicer with respect to the related Non-Serviced Whole Loan that are substantially similar, but not identical, to the approval and consultation rights of the Directing Certificateholder with respect to the Mortgage Loans and the Serviced Whole Loans. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans—The Non-Serviced Whole Loan”. See also “—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan” below.
Realization Upon Mortgage Loans
If a payment default or material non-monetary default on a Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) has occurred, then, pursuant to the PSA, the special servicer, on behalf of the trustee, may, in accordance with the terms and provisions of the PSA, at any time institute foreclosure proceedings, exercise any power of sale contained in the related Mortgage, obtain a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure, or otherwise acquire title to the related Mortgaged Property, by operation of law or otherwise. The special servicer is not permitted, however, to cause the trustee to acquire title to any Mortgaged Property, have a receiver of rents appointed with respect to any Mortgaged Property or take any other action with respect to any Mortgaged Property that would cause the trustee, for the benefit of the Certificateholders, or any other specified person to be considered to hold title to, to be a “mortgagee-in-possession” of, or to be an “owner” or an “operator” of such Mortgaged Property within the meaning of certain federal environmental laws, unless the special servicer has determined in accordance with the Servicing Standard, based on an updated environmental assessment report prepared by a person who regularly conducts environmental audits and performed within six months prior to any such acquisition of title or other action (which report will be an expense of the issuing entity subject to the terms of the PSA) that:
(a) such Mortgaged Property is in compliance with applicable environmental laws or, if not, after consultation with an environmental consultant, that it would be in the best economic interest of the Certificateholders (and with respect to any Serviced Whole
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Loan, the related Companion Holders), as a collective whole as if such Certificateholders and, if applicable, Companion Holders constituted a single lender, to take such actions as are necessary to bring such Mortgaged Property in compliance with such laws, and
(b) there are no circumstances present at such Mortgaged Property relating to the use, management or disposal of any hazardous materials for which investigation, testing, monitoring, containment, clean-up or remediation could be required under any currently effective federal, state or local law or regulation, or that, if any such hazardous materials are present for which such action could be required, after consultation with an environmental consultant, it would be in the best economic interest of the Certificateholders (and with respect to any Serviced Whole Loan, the related Companion Holders), as a collective whole as if such Certificateholders and, if applicable, Companion Holders constituted a single lender, to take such actions with respect to the affected Mortgaged Property.
Such requirement precludes enforcement of the security for the related Mortgage Loan until a satisfactory environmental site assessment is obtained (or until any required remedial action is taken), but will decrease the likelihood that the issuing entity will become liable for a material adverse environmental condition at the Mortgaged Property. However, we cannot assure you that the requirements of the PSA will effectively insulate the issuing entity from potential liability for a materially adverse environmental condition at any Mortgaged Property.
If title to any Mortgaged Property is acquired by the issuing entity (directly or through a single member limited liability company established for that purpose), the special servicer will be required to sell the Mortgaged Property prior to the close of the third calendar year beginning after the year of acquisition, unless (1) the IRS grants (or does not deny) a qualifying extension of time to sell the Mortgaged Property or (2) the special servicer, the certificate administrator and the trustee receive an opinion of independent counsel to the effect that the holding of the Mortgaged Property by the Lower-Tier REMIC longer than the above-referenced 3 year period will not result in the imposition of a tax on any Trust REMIC or cause any Trust REMIC to fail to qualify as a REMIC under the Code at any time that any certificate is outstanding. Subject to the foregoing and any other tax-related limitations, pursuant to the PSA, the special servicer will generally be required to attempt to sell any Mortgaged Property so acquired in accordance with the Servicing Standard. The special servicer will also be required to ensure that any Mortgaged Property acquired by the issuing entity is administered so that it constitutes “foreclosure property” within the meaning of Code Section 860G(a)(8) at all times, and that the sale of the Mortgaged Property does not result in the receipt by the issuing entity of any income from nonpermitted assets as described in Code Section 860F(a)(2)(B). If any Lower-Tier REMIC acquires title to any Mortgaged Property, the special servicer, on behalf of such Lower-Tier REMIC, will retain, at the expense of the issuing entity, an independent contractor to manage and operate the property. The independent contractor generally will be permitted to perform construction (including renovation) on a foreclosed property only if the construction was more than 10% completed at the time default on the related Mortgage Loan became imminent. The retention of an independent contractor, however, will not relieve the special servicer of its obligation to manage the Mortgaged Property as required under the PSA.
In general, the special servicer will be obligated to cause any Mortgaged Property acquired as an REO Property to be operated and managed in a manner that would, in its good faith and reasonable judgment and to the extent commercially feasible, maximize the issuing entity’s net after-tax proceeds from such property. Generally, no Trust REMIC will be taxable on income received with respect to a Mortgaged Property acquired by the issuing entity to the extent that it constitutes “rents from real property”, within the meaning of
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Code Section 856(c)(3)(A) and Treasury regulations under the Code. Rents from real property include fixed rents and rents based on the gross receipts or sales of a tenant but do not include the portion of any rental based on the net income or profit of any tenant or sub-tenant. No determination has been made whether rent on any of the Mortgaged Properties meets this requirement. Rents from real property include charges for services customarily furnished or rendered in connection with the rental of real property, whether or not the charges are separately stated. Services furnished to the tenants of a particular building will be considered as customary if, in the geographic market in which the building is located, tenants in buildings which are of similar class are customarily provided with the service. No determination has been made whether the services furnished to the tenants of the Mortgaged Properties are “customary” within the meaning of applicable regulations. It is therefore possible that a portion of the rental income with respect to a Mortgaged Property owned by the issuing entity would not constitute rents from real property. In addition, it is possible that none of the income with respect to a Mortgaged Property would qualify if a separate charge is not stated for non-customary services provided to tenants or if such services are not performed by an independent contractor. Rents from real property also do not include income from the operation of a trade or business on the Mortgaged Property, such as a hotel property, or rental income attributable to personal property leased in connection with a lease of real property if the rent attributable to personal property exceeds 15% of the total net rent for the taxable year. Any of the foregoing types of income may instead constitute “net income from foreclosure property”, which would be taxable to a REMIC at the highest marginal federal corporate rate (currently 35%) and may also be subject to state or local taxes. The PSA provides that the special servicer will be permitted to cause the Lower-Tier REMIC to earn “net income from foreclosure property” that is subject to tax if it determines that the net after-tax benefit to Certificateholders is greater than another method of operating or net leasing the Mortgaged Property. Because these sources of income, if they exist, are already in place with respect to the Mortgaged Properties, it is generally viewed as beneficial to Certificateholders to permit the issuing entity to continue to earn them if it acquires a Mortgaged Property, even at the cost of this tax. These taxes would be chargeable against the related income for purposes of determining the proceeds available for distribution to holders of certificates. See “Material Federal Income Tax Considerations—Taxes That May Be Imposed on a REMIC—Prohibited Transactions”.
Under the PSA, the special servicer is required to establish and maintain one or more REO Accounts, to be held on behalf of the trustee for the benefit of the Certificateholders and with respect to a Serviced Whole Loan, the related Companion Holder, for the retention of revenues and insurance proceeds derived from each REO Property. The special servicer is required to use the funds in the REO Account to pay for the proper operation, management, maintenance and disposition of any REO Property, but only to the extent that amounts on deposit in the REO Account relate to such REO Property. To the extent that amounts in the REO Account in respect of any REO Property are insufficient to make such payments, the master servicer is required to make a Servicing Advance, unless it determines such Servicing Advance would be nonrecoverable. On or prior to each Determination Date, the special servicer is required to deposit all amounts received in respect of each REO Property during the most recently ended Collection Period, net of any amounts withdrawn to make any permitted disbursements, into the Collection Account; provided that the special servicer may retain in the REO Account permitted reserves.
Sale of Defaulted Loans and REO Properties
If the special servicer determines in accordance with the Servicing Standard that no satisfactory arrangements (including by way of discounted payoff) can be made for
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collection of delinquent payments thereon and such sale would be in the best economic interests of the Certificateholders or, in the case of a Serviced Whole Loan, Certificateholders and any holder of the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan (as a collective whole as if such Certificateholders and Companion Holder constituted a single lender) to attempt to sell a Defaulted Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) and any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan as described below, the special servicer will be required to use reasonable efforts to solicit offers for each Defaulted Loan on behalf of the Certificateholders and the holder of any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan in such manner as will be reasonably likely to maximize the value of the Defaulted Loan on a net present value basis. In the absence of a cash offer at least equal to its outstanding principal balance plus all accrued and unpaid interest and outstanding costs and expenses and certain other amounts under the PSA (a “Par Purchase Price”), the special servicer may purchase the Defaulted Loan for the Par Purchase Price or may accept the first cash offer received from any person that constitutes a fair price for the Defaulted Loan. If multiple offers are received during the period designated by the special servicer for receipt of offers, the special servicer is generally required to select the highest offer. The special servicer is required to give the trustee, the certificate administrator, the master servicer, the operating advisor and (other than in respect of any applicable Excluded Loan) the Directing Certificateholder and the Risk Retention Consultation Party 10 business days’ prior written notice of its intention to sell any such Defaulted Loan. Neither the trustee nor any of its affiliates may make an offer for or purchase any Defaulted Loan. “Defaulted Loan” means a Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) or Serviced Whole Loan (i) that is delinquent at least 60 days in respect of its Periodic Payments or delinquent in respect of its balloon payment, if any; provided that in respect of a balloon payment, such period will be 120 days if the related borrower has provided the special servicer with a written and fully executed commitment for refinancing of the related Mortgage Loan from an acceptable lender reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the special servicer; and, in either case, such delinquency is to be determined without giving effect to any grace period permitted by the related Mortgage or Mortgage Note and without regard to any acceleration of payments under the related Mortgage and Mortgage Note or (ii) as to which the special servicer has, by written notice to the related borrower, accelerated the maturity of the indebtedness evidenced by the related Mortgage Note.
The special servicer will be required to determine whether any cash offer constitutes a fair price for any Defaulted Loan if the highest offeror is a person other than an Interested Person. In determining whether any offer from a person other than an Interested Person constitutes a fair price for any Defaulted Loan, the special servicer will be required to take into account (in addition to the results of any appraisal, updated appraisal or narrative appraisal that it may have obtained pursuant to the PSA within the prior 9 months), among other factors, the period and amount of the occupancy level and physical condition of the related Mortgaged Property and the state of the local economy.
If the offeror is an Interested Person (provided that the trustee may not be a offeror), then the trustee will be required to determine whether the cash offer constitutes a fair price unless (i) the offer is equal to or greater than the applicable Par Purchase Price and (ii) the offer is the highest offer received. Absent an offer at least equal to the Par Purchase Price, no offer from an Interested Person will constitute a fair price unless (A) it is the highest offer received and (B) at least two other offers are received from independent third parties. In determining whether any offer received from an Interested Person represents a fair price for any such Defaulted Loan, the trustee will be supplied with and will be required to rely on the most recent appraisal or updated appraisal conducted in accordance with the PSA within the preceding 9-month period or, in the absence of any such appraisal, on a new appraisal.
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Except as provided in the following paragraph, the cost of any appraisal will be covered by, and will be reimbursable as, a Servicing Advance by the master servicer.
Notwithstanding anything contained in the preceding paragraph to the contrary, if the trustee is required to determine whether a cash offer by an Interested Person constitutes a fair price, the trustee will be required to (at the expense of the Interested Person) designate an independent third party expert in real estate or commercial mortgage loan matters with at least 5 years’ experience in valuing loans similar to the subject Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan, as the case may be, that has been selected with reasonable care by the trustee to determine if such cash offer constitutes a fair price for such Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan. If the trustee designates such a third party to make such determination, the trustee will be entitled to rely conclusively upon such third party’s determination. The reasonable fees of, and the costs of all appraisals, inspection reports and broker opinions of value incurred by any such third party pursuant to this paragraph will be covered by, and will be reimbursable by, the Interested Person, and to the extent not collected from such Interested Person within 30 days of request therefor, by the master servicer as a Servicing Advance; provided that the trustee will not engage a third party expert whose fees exceed a commercially reasonable amount as determined by the trustee.
The special servicer is required to use reasonable efforts to solicit offers for each REO Property on behalf of the Certificateholders and the related Companion Holder(s) (if applicable) and to sell each REO Property in the same manner as with respect to a Defaulted Loan.
Notwithstanding any of the foregoing paragraphs, the special servicer will not be required to accept the highest cash offer for a Defaulted Loan or REO Property if the special servicer determines, in consultation with the Directing Certificateholder and the Risk Retention Consultation Party (in each case, unless a Consultation Termination Event has occurred and is continuing and other than with respect to any Mortgage Loan that is an Excluded Loan as to such party) and, in the case of a Serviced Whole Loan or an REO Property related to a Serviced Whole Loan, the related Companion Holder(s)), in accordance with the Servicing Standard (and subject to the requirements of any related Intercreditor Agreement), that rejection of such offer would be in the best interests of the Certificateholders and, in the case of a sale of a Serviced Whole Loan or an REO Property related to a Serviced Whole Loan, the related Companion Holder(s) (as a collective whole as if such Certificateholders and, if applicable, the related Companion Holder(s) constituted a single lender). In addition, the special servicer may accept a lower offer (from any person other than itself or an affiliate) if it determines, in its reasonable and good faith judgment, that acceptance of such offer would be in the best interests of the Certificateholders and, in the case of a Serviced Whole Loan or an REO Property related to a Serviced Whole Loan, the related Companion Holder(s) (as a collective whole as if such Certificateholders and, if applicable, the related Companion Holder(s) constituted a single lender). The special servicer will be required to use reasonable efforts to sell all Defaulted Loans prior to the Rated Final Distribution Date.
An “Interested Person”, as of the date of any determination, is the depositor, the master servicer, the special servicer, the operating advisor, the asset representations reviewer, the certificate administrator, the trustee, the Directing Certificateholder, the Risk Retention Consultation Party, any sponsor, any Borrower Party, any independent contractor engaged by the special servicer or any known affiliate of any of the preceding entities. With respect to a Whole Loan if it is a Defaulted Loan, the depositor, the master servicer, the special servicer (or any independent contractor engaged by the special servicer), or the trustee for the securitization of a Companion Loan, and each related Companion Holder or its
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representative, any holder of a related mezzanine loan, or any known affiliate of any such party described above.
With respect to any Serviced Whole Loan, pursuant to the terms of the related Intercreditor Agreement(s), if such Serviced Whole Loan becomes a Defaulted Loan, and if the special servicer determines to sell the related Mortgage Loan in accordance with the discussion in this “—Sale of Defaulted Loans and REO Properties” section, then the special servicer will be required to sell the related Companion Loan together with such Mortgage Loan as one whole loan and will be required to require that all offers be submitted to the special servicer in writing. The special servicer will not be permitted to sell the related Mortgage Loan together with the related Companion Loan if such Serviced Whole Loan becomes a Defaulted Loan without the consent of the holder of the related Companion Loan, unless the special servicer complies with certain notice and delivery requirements set forth in the PSA.
In addition, with respect to each Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan, if such Mortgage Loan has become a defaulted loan under the related Non-Serviced PSA, the related Non-Serviced Special Servicer will generally have the right to sell such Mortgage Loan together with the related Companion Loan as notes evidencing one whole loan. The issuing entity, as the holder of such Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan, will have the right to consent to such sale, provided that the Non-Serviced Special Servicer may sell the related Non-Serviced Whole Loan without such consent if the required notices and information regarding such sale are provided to the issuing entity in accordance with the related Intercreditor Agreement. The Directing Certificateholder will be entitled to exercise such consent right so long as no Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing, and if a Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing, the special servicer will exercise such consent rights.
To the extent that Liquidation Proceeds collected with respect to any Mortgage Loan are less than the sum of (1) the outstanding principal balance of the Mortgage Loan, (2) interest accrued on the Mortgage Loan and (3) the aggregate amount of outstanding reimbursable expenses (including any (i) unpaid servicing compensation, (ii) unreimbursed Servicing Advances, (iii) accrued and unpaid interest on all Advances and (iv) additional expenses of the issuing entity) incurred with respect to the Mortgage Loan, the issuing entity will realize a loss in the amount of the shortfall. The trustee, the master servicer and/or the special servicer will be entitled to reimbursement out of the Liquidation Proceeds recovered on any Mortgage Loan, prior to the distribution of those Liquidation Proceeds to Certificateholders, of any and all amounts that represent unpaid servicing compensation in respect of the related Mortgage Loan, certain unreimbursed expenses incurred with respect to the Mortgage Loan and any unreimbursed Advances (including interest on Advances) made with respect to the Mortgage Loan. In addition, amounts otherwise distributable on the certificates will be further reduced by interest payable to the master servicer, the special servicer or trustee on these Advances.
The Directing Certificateholder
General
Subject to the rights of the holder of any related Companion Loan under the related Intercreditor Agreements as described under “—Rights of the Directing Certificateholder with respect to Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan” below, for so long as no Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing, the Directing Certificateholder will be entitled to advise (1) the special servicer, with respect to all Specially Serviced Loans and any non-Specially Serviced Loan sold by a mortgage loan seller other than Wells Fargo Bank with respect to matters involving a Major Decision processed by the special servicer (other than,
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in each case, any applicable Excluded Loan) or (2) the special servicer, with respect to all non-Specially Serviced Loans (other than any applicable Excluded Loan), as to all matters for which the master servicer must obtain the consent or deemed consent of the special servicer (e.g., the Major Decisions) or the Directing Certificateholder and (3) the special servicer with respect to all Mortgage Loans other than any applicable Excluded Loan, for which an extension of maturity is being considered by the special servicer or by the master servicer subject to the consent or deemed consent of the special servicer, and will have the right to replace the special servicer with or without cause and have certain other rights under the PSA, each as described below. With respect to any Mortgage Loan other than an applicable Excluded Loan, upon the occurrence and continuance of a Control Termination Event, the Directing Certificateholder will have certain consultation rights only, and upon the occurrence and continuance of a Consultation Termination Event, the Directing Certificateholders will not have any consent or consultation rights, as further described below.
The “Directing Certificateholder” will be the Controlling Class Certificateholder (or its representative) selected by more than 50% of the Controlling Class Certificateholders, by Certificate Balance, as determined by the certificate registrar from time to time; provided, however, that
(1) absent that selection, or
(2) until a Directing Certificateholder is so selected, or
(3) upon receipt of a notice from a majority of the Controlling Class Certificateholders, by Certificate Balance, that a Directing Certificateholder is no longer designated, the Controlling Class Certificateholder that owns the largest aggregate Certificate Balance of the Controlling Class (or its representative) will be the Directing Certificateholder;
provided, however, that (i) in the case of this clause (3), in the event no one holder owns the largest aggregate Certificate Balance of the Controlling Class, then there will be no Directing Certificateholder until appointed in accordance with the terms of the PSA, and (ii) the certificate administrator and the other parties to the PSA will be entitled to assume that the identity of the Directing Certificateholder has not changed until such parties receive written notice of a replacement of the Directing Certificateholder from a party holding the requisite interest in the Controlling Class (as confirmed by the certificate registrar), or the resignation of the then-current Directing Certificateholder.
The initial Directing Certificateholder is expected to be RREF III Debt AIV, LP (or another affiliate of Rialto Capital Advisors, LLC).
A “Controlling Class Certificateholder” is each holder (or Certificate Owner, if applicable) of a certificate of the Controlling Class as determined by the certificate registrar from time to time, upon request by any party to the PSA.
The “Controlling Class” will be, as of any time of determination, the most subordinate class of Control Eligible Certificates then-outstanding that has an aggregate Certificate Balance (as notionally reduced by any Cumulative Appraisal Reduction Amounts allocable to such class) at least equal to 25% of the initial Certificate Balance of that class; provided, however, that if at any time the Certificate Balances of the certificates other than the Control Eligible Certificates have been reduced to zero as a result of principal payments on the Mortgage Loans, then the Controlling Class will be the most subordinate class of Control Eligible Certificates that has a Certificate Balance greater than zero without regard to any
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Cumulative Appraisal Reduction Amounts. The Controlling Class as of the Closing Date will be the Class G certificates.
The “Control Eligible Certificates” will be either of the Class F or Class G certificates.
The master servicer, the special servicer, the operating advisor, the certificate administrator, the trustee or any certificateholder may request that the certificate registrar determine which class of certificates is the then-current Controlling Class and the certificate registrar must thereafter provide such information to the requesting party. The depositor, the trustee, the master servicer, the special servicer, the operating advisor and, for so long as no Consultation Termination Event has occurred and is continuing, the Directing Certificateholder, may request that the certificate administrator provide, and the certificate administrator must so provide, a list of the holders (or Certificate Owners, if applicable) of the Controlling Class at the expense of the issuing entity. The trustee, the certificate administrator, the master servicer, the special servicer and the operating advisor may each rely on any such list so provided.
In the event that no Directing Certificateholder has been appointed or identified to the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, and the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, has attempted to obtain such information from the certificate administrator and no such entity has been identified to the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, then until such time as the new Directing Certificateholder is identified to the master servicer and special servicer, the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, will have no duty to consult with, provide notice to, or seek the approval or consent of any such Directing Certificateholder as the case may be.
The Class F certificateholders that are the Controlling Class Certificateholders may waive its rights as the Controlling Class Certificateholders as described in “—Control Termination Event and Consultation Termination Event” below.
Major Decisions
Except as otherwise described under “—Control Termination Event and Consultation Termination Event” and “—Servicing Override” below and subject to the rights of the holder of the related Companion Loan under the related Intercreditor Agreement as described under “—Rights of the Directing Certificateholder with respect to Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan” below, (a) with respect to a Mortgage Loan that is not a Specially Serviced Loan or a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan, to the extent the master servicer is responsible for processing any such action as described in the final paragraph of this section, the master servicer will not be permitted to take any of the following actions unless it has obtained the consent of the special servicer, which consent will be deemed given (unless earlier objected to by the special servicer) within 15 business days of the special servicer’s receipt from the master servicer of the master servicer’s written recommendation and analysis with respect to such Major Decision and all information reasonably requested by the special servicer and reasonably available to the master servicer in order to make an informed decision with respect to such Major Decision, and (b) with respect to any Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan or any applicable Excluded Loan) or Serviced Whole Loan, prior to the occurrence and continuance of a Control Termination Event, the special servicer will not be permitted to take any of the following actions (to the extent the special servicer is responsible for processing any such action as described in the final paragraph of this section) and the special servicer will not be permitted to consent to the master servicer’s taking any of the following actions (to the extent the master servicer is responsible for processing any such action as described in the final paragraph of this section) as to which the Directing Certificateholder has objected in writing within 10 business days (or 30 days
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with respect to clause (xi) below) after receipt of the special servicer’s written recommendation and analysis and all information reasonably requested by the Directing Certificateholder, and reasonably available to the special servicer in order to grant or withhold such consent (provided that if such written objection has not been received by the special servicer within such ten-business-day (or 30-day) period, the Directing Certificateholder will be deemed to have approved such action); provided that the foregoing consent rights of the Directing Certificateholder will not apply to any applicable Excluded Loan; provided, further, that upon request, the special servicer, other than with respect to a non-Specially Serviced Loan (except to the extent set forth above in “—Enforcement of ‘Due-on-Sale’ and ‘Due-on-Encumbrance’ Provisions”) or an Excluded Loan as to the Risk Retention Consultation Party or the holder of the majority of the RRI Interest, will also be required to consult on a non-binding basis with the Risk Retention Consultation Party with respect to such Major Decision.
Each of the following, a “Major Decision”:
(i) any proposed or actual foreclosure upon or comparable conversion (which may include acquisition of an REO Property) of the ownership of properties securing any Specially Serviced Loan that comes into and continues in default;
(ii) any modification, consent to a modification or waiver of any monetary term (other than late fees and default interest) or material non-monetary term (including, without limitation, the timing of payments and acceptance of discounted payoffs) of a Mortgage Loan (other than any Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) or Serviced Whole Loan or any extension of the maturity date of such Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan;
(iii) following a default or an event of default with respect to a Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan, any exercise of remedies, including the acceleration of the Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan or initiation of any proceedings, judicial or otherwise, under the related Mortgage Loan documents;
(iv) any sale of a Defaulted Loan and any related defaulted Companion Loan, or any REO Property (other than in connection with the termination of the issuing entity as described under “—Termination; Retirement of Certificates”) or a defaulted Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan that the special servicer is permitted to sell in accordance with the PSA, in each case, for less than the applicable Purchase Price;
(v) any determination to bring an REO Property into compliance with applicable environmental laws or to otherwise address hazardous material located at an REO Property;
(vi) any release of material collateral or any acceptance of substitute or additional collateral for a Mortgage Loan (other than any Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) or Serviced Whole Loan or any consent to either of the foregoing, other than if required pursuant to the specific terms of the related Mortgage Loan documents and for which there is no lender discretion;
(vii) any waiver of a “due-on-sale” or “due-on-encumbrance” clause with respect to a Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) or a Serviced Whole Loan or any consent to such a waiver or consent to a transfer of the Mortgaged Property or interests in the borrower;
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(viii) any property management company changes (with respect to a Mortgage Loan (other than any Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) with a principal balance greater than $2,500,000), including, without limitation, approval of the termination of a manager and appointment of a new property manager, or franchise changes (with respect to a Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) or Serviced Whole Loan for which the lender is required to consent or approve such changes under the Mortgage Loan documents;
(ix) releases of any material amounts from escrow accounts, reserve accounts or letters of credit held as performance escrows or reserves, other than those required pursuant to the specific terms of the related Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) or a Serviced Whole Loan and for which there is no lender discretion, and other than those that are permitted to be undertaken by the master servicer without the consent of the special servicer under the PSA;
(x) any acceptance of an assumption agreement or any other agreement permitting a transfer of interests in a borrower or guarantor releasing a borrower or guarantor from liability under a Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) or Serviced Whole Loan other than pursuant to the specific terms of such Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan and for which there is no lender discretion;
(xi) any determination of an Acceptable Insurance Default;
(xii) any modification, waiver or amendment of any lease, the execution of any new lease or the granting of a subordination and non-disturbance or attornment agreement in connection with any lease, at a Mortgaged Property if (a) the lease is of an outparcel or affects an area greater than or equal to the lesser of (i) 30% of the net rentable area of the improvements at the Mortgaged Property and (ii) 30,000 square feet of the improvements at the Mortgaged Property and (b) such transaction either is not a routine leasing matter or such transaction relates to a Specially Serviced Loan, provided that if lender consent is not required for such transaction pursuant to the Mortgage Loan documents, such transaction will not constitute a Major Decision;
(xiii) any modification, amendment, consent to a modification or waiver of any material term of any intercreditor, co-lender or similar agreement with any mezzanine lender, subordinate debt holder or Pari Passu Companion Loan holder related to a Mortgage Loan or Whole Loan, or any action to enforce rights (or decision not to enforce rights) with respect thereto; provided, however, that any such modification or amendment that would adversely impact the master servicer will additionally require the consent of the master servicer as a condition to its effectiveness; and
(xiv) any consent to incurrence of additional debt by a borrower or mezzanine debt by a direct or indirect parent of a borrower, to the extent the mortgagee’s approval is required under the related Mortgage Loan documents;
provided, however, that notwithstanding the foregoing, solely with respect to determining whether the master servicer or the special servicer will process any of the matters listed in items (i) through (xiv) above with respect to a Mortgage Loan sold to the depositor by a mortgage loan seller other than Wells Fargo Bank, “Major Decision” will not include any matter listed in items (i) through (xiv) above with respect to a Mortgage Loan sold to the depositor by a mortgage loan seller other than Wells Fargo Bank if the master servicer and
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the special servicer have mutually agreed that the master servicer will process such matter with respect to such Mortgage Loan.
Subject to the terms and conditions of this section, including, without limitation, the proviso set forth at the conclusion of the immediately preceding paragraph, (a) the special servicer will be required to process all requests for any matter that constitutes a “Major Decision” with respect to (i) any Specially Serviced Loan and (ii) any non-Specially Serviced Loan that was sold to the depositor by a mortgage loan seller other than Wells Fargo Bank (unless the master servicer and special servicer have mutually agreed to have the master servicer process such request) and (b) the master servicer will be required to process all requests for any matter that constitutes a “Major Decision” with respect to (i) any non-Specially Serviced Loan that was sold to the depositor by Wells Fargo Bank and (ii) any non-Specially Serviced Loan that was sold to the depositor by a mortgage loan seller other than Wells Fargo Bank if the master servicer and the special servicer have mutually agreed to have the master servicer process such request. Upon receiving a request for any matter described in this section that constitutes a Major Decision (without regard to the proviso in the definition of “Major Decision”) with respect to a Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan, except with respect to clause (xiii) of the definition of “Major Decision”) sold to the depositor by a mortgage loan seller other than Wells Fargo Bank that is not a Specially Serviced Loan, the master servicer will be required to forward such request to the special servicer and, unless the master servicer and the special servicer mutually agree that the master servicer will process such request, the special servicer will be required to process such request and the master servicer will have no further obligation with respect to such request or the related Major Decision.
Asset Status Report
So long as no Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing, the Directing Certificateholder will have the right to disapprove the Asset Status Report prepared by the special servicer with respect to a Specially Serviced Loan (other than with respect to any Mortgage Loan that is an Excluded Loan as to such party). If a Consultation Termination Event has occurred and is continuing, the Directing Certificateholder will have no right to consult with the special servicer with respect to the Asset Status Reports. See “—Asset Status Report” above.
Replacement of the Special Servicer
With respect to any Mortgage Loan other than an applicable Excluded Loan and for so long as no Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing, the Directing Certificateholder will have the right to replace the special servicer with or without cause as described under “—Replacement of the Special Servicer Without Cause” and “—Termination of the Master Servicer or Special Servicer for Cause—Servicer Termination Events” below.
Control Termination Event and Consultation Termination Event
With respect to any Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan or any applicable Excluded Loan as to the Directing Certificateholder or the holder of the majority of the Controlling Class) or Serviced Whole Loan, if a Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing, but for so long as no Consultation Termination Event has occurred and is continuing, the special servicer will not be required to obtain the consent of the Directing Certificateholder with respect to any of the Major Decisions or Asset Status Reports, but will be required to consult with the Directing Certificateholder in connection with any Major Decision or Asset Status Report (or any other matter for which the consent of the Directing Certificateholder would have been required or for which the Directing
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Certificateholder would have the right to direct the special servicer if no Control Termination Event had occurred and was continuing) and to consider alternative actions recommended by the Directing Certificateholder, in respect of such Major Decision or Asset Status Report (or such other matter). Such consultation will not be binding on the special servicer. In the event the special servicer receives no response from the Directing Certificateholder within 10 business days following its written request for input on any required consultation, the special servicer will not be obligated to consult with the Directing Certificateholder on the specific matter; provided, however, that the failure of the Directing Certificateholder to respond will not relieve the special servicer from consulting with the Directing Certificateholder on any future matters with respect to the related Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan or any applicable Excluded Loan as to the Directing Certificateholder or the holder of the majority of the Controlling Class) or Serviced Whole Loan. With respect to any Excluded Special Servicer Loan (that is not also an applicable Excluded Loan), if any, the Directing Certificateholder (prior to the occurrence and continuance of a Control Termination Event) will be required to select an Excluded Special Servicer with respect to such Excluded Special Servicer Loan. After the occurrence and during the continuance of a Control Termination Event or if at any time the applicable Excluded Special Servicer Loan is also an applicable Excluded Loan, the resigning special servicer will be required to select the related Excluded Special Servicer.
In addition, if a Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing, the special servicer will also be required to consult with the operating advisor in connection with any Major Decision (and such other matters that are subject to consultation rights of the operating advisor pursuant to the PSA) and to consider alternative actions recommended by the operating advisor in respect of such Major Decision; provided that such consultation is on a non-binding basis. In the event the special servicer receives no response from the operating advisor within 10 business days following the later of (i) its written request for input on any required consultation and (ii) delivery of all such additional information reasonably requested by the operating advisor related to the subject matter of such consultation, the special servicer will not be obligated to consult with the operating advisor on the specific matter; provided, however, that the failure of the operating advisor to respond will not relieve the special servicer from consulting with the operating advisor on any future matters with respect to the related Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan or any other Mortgage Loan. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this prospectus, with respect to any applicable Excluded Loan (regardless of whether a Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing), the special servicer or the related Excluded Special Servicer, as applicable, will be required to consult with the operating advisor, on a non-binding basis, in connection with the related transactions involving proposed Major Decisions and consider alternative actions recommended by the operating advisor, in respect thereof, in accordance with the procedures set forth in the PSA for consulting with the operating advisor.
If a Consultation Termination Event has occurred and is continuing, no class of certificates will act as the Controlling Class, and the Directing Certificateholder will not have any consultation or consent rights under the PSA or any right to receive any notices, reports or information (other than notices, reports or information required to be delivered to all Certificateholders) or any other rights as Directing Certificateholder under the PSA. The special servicer will nonetheless be required to consult with only the operating advisor in connection with Major Decisions, asset status reports and other material special servicing actions to the extent set forth in the PSA, and no Controlling Class Certificateholder will be recognized or have any right to approve or be consulted with respect to asset status reports or material special servicer actions.
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A “Control Termination Event” will occur when (i) the Class F certificates have a Certificate Balance (taking into account the application of any Cumulative Appraisal Reduction Amounts to notionally reduce the Certificate Balance of such class) of less than 25% of the initial Certificate Balance of that class or (ii) a holder of the Class F certificates is the majority Controlling Class Certificateholder and has irrevocably waived its right, in writing, to exercise any of the rights of the Controlling Class Certificateholder and such rights have not been reinstated to a successor controlling class certificateholder as described below; provided, however, that a Control Termination Event will not be deemed continuing in the event that the Certificate Balances of the certificates other than the Control Eligible Certificates have been reduced to zero as a result of principal payments on the Mortgage Loans.
A “Consultation Termination Event” will occur when (i) there is no class of Control Eligible Certificates that has a then-outstanding Certificate Balance at least equal to 25% of the initial Certificate Balance of that class, in each case, without regard to the application of any Cumulative Appraisal Reduction Amounts; or (ii) a holder of the Class F certificates is the majority Controlling Class Certificateholder and has irrevocably waived its right, in writing, to exercise any of the rights of the Controlling Class Certificateholder and such rights have not been reinstated to a successor controlling class certificateholder pursuant to the terms of the PSA; provided that no Consultation Termination Event resulting solely from the operation of clause (ii) will be deemed to have occurred with respect to a successor holder of the Class F certificates that has not irrevocably waived its right to exercise any of the rights of the Controlling Class Certificateholder; provided, however, that a Consultation Termination Event will not be deemed continuing in the event that the Certificate Balances of the certificates other than the Control Eligible Certificates have been reduced to zero as a result of principal payments on the Mortgage Loans.
The Directing Certificateholder will not have any consent or consultation rights with respect to any Mortgage Loan determined to be an Excluded Loan as to either such Directing Certificateholder or the holder of the majority of the Controlling Class. In respect of the servicing of any such Excluded Loan, a Control Termination Event will be deemed to have occurred and be continuing and Consultation Termination Event will be deemed to have occurred with respect to such Excluded Loan as to such party.
At any time that the Controlling Class Certificateholder is the holder of a majority of the Class F certificates and the Class F certificates are the Controlling Class, it may waive its right (a) to appoint the Directing Certificateholder and (b) to exercise any of the Directing Certificateholder’s rights set forth in the PSA by irrevocable written notice delivered to the depositor, certificate administrator, master servicer, special servicer and operating advisor. During such time, the special servicer will be required to consult with only the operating advisor in connection with asset status reports and material special servicing actions to the extent set forth in the PSA, and no Controlling Class Certificateholder will be recognized or have any right to replace the special servicer or approve or be consulted with respect to asset status reports or material special servicer actions. Any such waiver will remain effective until such time as the Controlling Class Certificateholder sells or transfers all or a portion of its interest in the certificates to an unaffiliated third party if such unaffiliated third party then holds the majority of the Controlling Class after giving effect to such transfer. Following any such sale or transfer of Class F certificates, the successor Class F certificateholder that is the Controlling Class Certificateholder will be reinstated as, and will again have the rights of, the Controlling Class Certificateholder without regard to any prior waiver by the predecessor certificateholder that was the Controlling Class Certificateholder. The successor Class F certificateholder that is the Controlling Class Certificateholder will also have the right to irrevocably waive its right to appoint the Directing Certificateholder and to
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exercise any of the rights of the Controlling Class Certificateholder. In the event of any transfer of the Class F certificates by a Controlling Class Certificateholder that had irrevocably waived its rights as described in this paragraph, the successor Controlling Class Certificateholder that purchased such Class F certificates, even if it does not waive its rights as described in the preceding sentence, will not have any consent rights with respect to any Mortgage Loan that became a Specially Serviced Loan prior to such successor Controlling Class Certificateholder’s purchase of such Class F certificates and had not become a Corrected Loan prior to such purchase until such Mortgage Loan becomes a Corrected Loan.
For a description of certain restrictions on any modification, waiver or amendment to the Mortgage Loan documents, see “—Modifications, Waivers and Amendments” above.
Servicing Override
In the event that the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, determines that immediate action with respect to any Major Decision (or any other matter requiring consent of the Directing Certificateholder with respect to any Mortgage Loan other than an Excluded Loan as to the Directing Certificateholder or the holder of the majority of the Controlling Class, and with respect to the Directing Certificateholder, prior to the occurrence and continuance of a Control Termination Event in the PSA (or any matter requiring consultation with the Directing Certificateholder, the Risk Retention Consultation Party or the operating advisor)) is necessary to protect the interests of the Certificateholders (and, with respect to a Serviced Whole Loan, the interest of the Certificateholders and the holders of any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan), as a collective whole (taking into account the pari passu nature of any Companion Loan), the master servicer or special servicer, as the case may be, may take any such action without waiting for the Directing Certificateholder’s response (or without waiting to consult with the Directing Certificateholder, the Risk Retention Consultation Party or the operating advisor, as the case may be); provided that the special servicer or master servicer, as applicable, provides the Directing Certificateholder and the Risk Retention Consultation Party (or the operating advisor, if applicable) with prompt written notice following such action including a reasonably detailed explanation of the basis for such action.
In addition, neither the master servicer nor the special servicer (i) will be required to take or refrain from taking any action pursuant to instructions or objections from the Directing Certificateholder or (ii) may follow any advice or consultation provided by the Directing Certificateholder, the Risk Retention Consultation Party or the holder of a Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan (or its representative) that would (1) cause it to violate any applicable law, the related Mortgage Loan documents, any related Intercreditor Agreement, the PSA, including the Servicing Standard, or the REMIC provisions, (2) expose the master servicer, the special servicer, the certificate administrator, the operating advisor, the asset representations reviewer, the issuing entity or the trustee to liability, (3) materially expand the scope of responsibilities of the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, under the PSA or (4) cause the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, to act, or fail to act, in a manner which in the reasonable judgment of the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, is not in the best interests of the Certificateholders.
Rights of the Directing Certificateholder with respect to Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan
With respect to any Non-Serviced Whole Loans, the Directing Certificateholder will not be entitled to exercise the rights described above, but such rights, or rights substantially similar to those rights, will be exercisable by the related Non-Serviced Directing Certificateholder. The issuing entity, as the holder of a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan, has
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consultation rights with respect to certain major decisions relating to the related Non-Serviced Whole Loan and, other than in respect of an Excluded Loan as to the Directing Certificateholder or the holder of the majority of the Controlling Class, so long as no Consultation Termination Event has occurred and is continuing, the Directing Certificateholder will be entitled to exercise such consultation rights of the issuing entity pursuant to the terms of the related Intercreditor Agreement. In addition, other than in respect of an applicable Excluded Loan, so long as no Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing, the Directing Certificateholder may have certain consent rights in connection with a sale of a Non-Serviced Whole Loan that has become a defaulted loan under the related Non-Serviced PSA. See also “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans—The Non-Serviced Whole Loan” and “—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan”.
With respect to a Serviced Pari Passu Mortgage Loan that has a related Pari Passu Companion Loan, the holder of the related Pari Passu Companion Loan has consultation rights with respect to certain major decisions and consent rights in connection with the sale of the related Serviced Whole Loan if it has become a Defaulted Loan to the extent described in “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans—The Serviced Pari Passu Whole Loans” and “—Sale of Defaulted Loans and REO Properties”.
Limitation on Liability of Directing Certificateholder
The Directing Certificateholder will not be liable to the issuing entity or the Certificateholders for any action taken, or for refraining from the taking of any action, or for errors in judgment. However, the Directing Certificateholder will not be protected against any liability to the Controlling Class Certificateholders that would otherwise be imposed by reason of willful misconduct, bad faith or negligence in the performance of duties or by reason of reckless disregard of obligations or duties owed to the Controlling Class Certificateholders.
Each Certificateholder will acknowledge and agree, by its acceptance of its certificates, that the Directing Certificateholder:
(a) may have special relationships and interests that conflict with those of holders of one or more classes of certificates;
(b) may act solely in the interests of the holders of the Controlling Class;
(c) does not have any liability or duties to the holders of any class of certificates other than the Controlling Class;
(d) may take actions that favor the interests of the holders of one or more classes including the Controlling Class over the interests of the holders of one or more other classes of certificates; and
(e) will have no liability whatsoever for having so acted as set forth in (a) – (d) above, and no Certificateholder may take any action whatsoever against the Directing Certificateholder or any director, officer, employee, agent or principal of the Directing Certificateholder for having so acted.
The taking of, or refraining from taking, any action by the master servicer or the special servicer in accordance with the direction of or approval of the Directing Certificateholder, which does not violate the terms of any Mortgage Loan, any law, the Servicing Standard or
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the provisions of the PSA or the related Intercreditor Agreement, will not result in any liability on the part of the master servicer or special servicer.
Each Certificateholder will acknowledge and agree, by its acceptance of its certificates, that the holders of a Non-Serviced Companion Loan or their respective designees (e.g., the related Non-Serviced Directing Certificateholder) will have limitations on liability with respect to actions taken in connection with the related Mortgage Loan similar to the limitations of the Directing Certificateholder described above pursuant to the terms of the related Intercreditor Agreement and the related Non-Serviced PSA. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans—The Non-Serviced Whole Loan”.
The Operating Advisor
General
The operating advisor will act solely as a contracting party to the extent, and in accordance with the standard of care, set forth in the PSA, and will have no fiduciary duty to any party. The operating advisor’s duties will be limited to its specific duties under the PSA, and the operating advisor will have no duty or liability to any particular class of certificates or any Certificateholder. The operating advisor is not the special servicer or a sub-servicer and will not be charged with changing the outcome on any particular Specially Serviced Loan. By purchasing a certificate, potential investors acknowledge and agree that there could be multiple strategies to resolve any Specially Serviced Loan and that the goal of the operating advisor’s participation is to provide additional input relating to the special servicer’s compliance with the Servicing Standard in making its determinations as to which strategy to execute.
Potential investors should note that the operating advisor is not an “advisor” for any purpose other than as specifically set forth in the PSA and is not an advisor to any person, including without limitation any Certificateholder. For the avoidance of doubt, the operating advisor is not an “investment adviser” within the meaning of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. See “Risk Factors—Other Risks Relating to the Certificates—Your Lack of Control Over the Issuing Entity and the Mortgage Loans Can Impact Your Investment”.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the operating advisor will generally have no obligations or consultation rights as operating advisor under the PSA for this transaction with respect to any Non-Serviced Whole Loan or any related REO Properties. The Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement does not provide for an operating advisor or equivalent party.
Duties of Operating Advisor While No Control Termination Event Has Occurred and Is Continuing
With respect to each Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) or Serviced Whole Loan, unless a Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing, the operating advisor’s obligations will be limited to the following, and generally will not involve an assessment of specific actions of the special servicer:
(a) promptly reviewing information available to Privileged Persons on the certificate administrator’s website that is relevant to the operating advisor’s obligations under the PSA;
(b) promptly reviewing each Final Asset Status Report; and
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(c) reviewing any Appraisal Reduction Amount and net present value calculations used in the special servicer’s determination of what course of action to take in connection with the workout or liquidation of a Specially Serviced Loan (after they have been finalized); however the operating advisor may not opine on, or otherwise call into question, such Appraisal Reduction Amount calculations and/or net present value calculations (except that if the operating advisor discovers a mathematical error contained in such calculations, then the operating advisor will be required to notify the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, of such error).
The operating advisor’s review of information (other than a Final Asset Status Report and information accompanying such report) or interaction with the special servicer related to any specific Specially Serviced Loan is only to provide background information to support the operating advisor’s duties following a servicing transfer, if needed, or to allow more meaningful interaction with the special servicer.
A “Final Asset Status Report”, with respect to any Specially Serviced Loan, means each related Asset Status Report, together with such other data or supporting information provided by the special servicer to the Directing Certificateholder or the Risk Retention Consultation Party which does not include any communication (other than the related Asset Status Report) between the special servicer and Directing Certificateholder or the Risk Retention Consultation Party with respect to such Specially Serviced Loan; provided that, with respect to any Mortgage Loan other than an Excluded Loan, so long as no Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing, no Asset Status Report will be considered to be a Final Asset Status Report unless the Directing Certificateholder has either finally approved of and consented to the actions proposed to be taken in connection therewith, or has exhausted all of its rights of approval or consent or has been deemed to have approved or consented to such action or the Asset Status Report is otherwise implemented by the special servicer in accordance with the terms of the PSA.
Duties of Operating Advisor While a Control Termination Event Has Occurred and Is Continuing
With respect to each Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) or Serviced Whole Loan, while a Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing, the operating advisor’s obligations will consist of the following:
(a) the operating advisor will be required to consult (on a non-binding basis) with the special servicer in respect of the Asset Status Reports in accordance with the Operating Advisor Standard, as described under “—Asset Status Report”;
(b) the operating advisor will be required to consult (on a non-binding basis) with the special servicer in accordance with the Operating Advisor Standard with respect to Major Decisions as described under “—The Directing Certificateholder—Major Decisions”;
(c) the operating advisor will be required to prepare an annual report (if any Mortgage Loan (other than a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) or Serviced Whole Loan was a Specially Serviced Loan during the prior calendar year) in the form attached to this prospectus as Annex C to be provided to the trustee, the master servicer, the Rating Agencies, the certificate administrator (and made available through the certificate administrator’s website) and the 17g-5 Information Provider (and made available through the 17g-5 Information Provider’s website) in accordance with the Operating Advisor Standard, as described below under “—Annual Report”; and
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(d) the operating advisor will be required to promptly recalculate and verify the accuracy of the mathematical calculations and the corresponding application of the non-discretionary portion of the applicable formulas required to be utilized in connection with: (1) any Appraisal Reduction Amount or (2) net present value calculations used in the special servicer’s determination of what course of action to take in connection with the workout or liquidation of a Specially Serviced Loan prior to utilization by the special servicer.
In connection with the performance of the duties described in clause (d) above:
(i) after the calculation but prior to the utilization by the special servicer, the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, will be required to deliver the foregoing calculations together with information and support materials (including such additional information reasonably requested by the operating advisor to confirm the mathematical accuracy of such calculations, but not including any Privileged Information) to the operating advisor;
(ii) if the operating advisor does not agree with the mathematical calculations or the application of the applicable non-discretionary portions of the formula required to be utilized for such calculation, the operating advisor and the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, will be required to consult with each other in order to resolve any inaccuracy in the mathematical calculations or the application of the non-discretionary portions of the related formula in arriving at those mathematical calculations or any disagreement; and
(iii) if the operating advisor and the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, are not able to resolve such matters, the operating advisor will be required to promptly notify the certificate administrator and the certificate administrator will be required to examine the calculations and supporting materials provided by the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, and the operating advisor and determine which calculation is to apply.
The “Operating Advisor Standard” means the requirement that the operating advisor must act solely on behalf of the issuing entity and in the best interest of, and for the benefit of, the Certificateholders and, with respect to any Serviced Whole Loan for the benefit of the holders of the related Companion Loan (as a collective whole as if such Certificateholders and Companion Holders constituted a single lender), and not to holders of any particular class of certificates (as determined by the operating advisor in the exercise of its good faith and reasonable judgment), but without regard to any conflict of interest arising from any relationship that the operating advisor or any of its affiliates may have with any of the underlying borrowers, any sponsor, any mortgage loan seller, the depositor, the master servicer, the special servicer, the asset representations reviewer, the Directing Certificateholder, the Risk Retention Consultation Party, or any of their respective affiliates.
Annual Report. After the occurrence and during the continuance of a Control Termination Event, based on the operating advisor’s review of any Assessment of Compliance report, Attestation Report, Asset Status Report and other information (other than any communications between the Directing Certificateholder and the special servicer that would be Privileged Information) delivered to the operating advisor by the special servicer, including each Asset Status Report delivered during the prior calendar year, the operating advisor will (if any Mortgage Loans were Specially Serviced Loans in the prior calendar year) prepare an annual report in the form attached to this prospectus as Annex C to be provided to the 17g-5 Information Provider (and made available through the 17g-5 Information Provider’s website) and the certificate administrator for the benefit of the
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Certificateholders (and made available through the certificate administrator’s website) within 120 days of the end of the prior calendar year for which a Control Termination Event was continuing as of December 31 and setting forth its assessment of the special servicer’s performance of its duties under the PSA during the prior calendar year on a “platform-level basis” with respect to the resolution and/or liquidation of Specially Serviced Loans that the special servicer is responsible for servicing under the PSA; provided, however, that in the event the special servicer is replaced, the operating advisor’s annual report will only relate to the entity that was acting as special servicer as of December 31 in the prior calendar year and is continuing in such capacity through the date of such annual report. Only as used in connection with the operating advisor’s annual report, the term “platform-level basis” refers to the special servicer’s performance of its duties as they relate to the resolution and liquidation of Specially Serviced Loans, taking into account the special servicer’s specific duties under the PSA as well as the extent to which those duties were performed in accordance with the Servicing Standard, with reasonable consideration by the operating advisor of any Assessment of Compliance report, Attestation Report, Asset Status Report and other information delivered to the operating advisor by the special servicer (other than any communications between the Directing Certificateholder and the special servicer that would be Privileged Information) pursuant to the PSA. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no annual report will be required from the operating advisor with respect to the special servicer if, during the prior calendar year, no Asset Status Report was prepared by the special servicer in connection with a Specially Serviced Loan or REO Property.
The special servicer must be given an opportunity to review any annual report produced by the operating advisor at least 5 business days prior to its delivery to the certificate administrator and the 17g-5 Information Provider; provided that the operating advisor will have no obligation to adopt any comments to such annual report that are provided by the special servicer.
In each annual report, the operating advisor will identify any material deviations (i) from the Servicing Standard and (ii) from the special servicer’s obligations under the PSA with respect to the resolution or liquidation of Specially Serviced Loans or REO Properties that the special servicer is responsible for servicing under the PSA (other than with respect to any REO Property related to a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan) based on the limited review required in the PSA. Each annual report will be required to comply with the confidentiality requirements, subject to certain exceptions, each as described in this prospectus and as provided in the PSA regarding Privileged Information.
The ability to perform the duties of the operating advisor and the quality and the depth of any annual report will be dependent upon the timely receipt of information prepared or made available by others and the accuracy and the completeness of such information. In addition, in no event will the operating advisor have the power to compel any transaction party to take, or refrain from taking, any action. It is possible that the lack of access to Privileged Information may limit or prohibit the operating advisor from performing its duties under the PSA, in which case any annual report will describe any resulting limitations, and the operating advisor will not be subject to any liability arising from such limitations or prohibitions. The operating advisor will be entitled to conclusively rely on the accuracy and completeness of any information it is provided without liability for any such reliance thereunder.
Recommendation of the Replacement of the Special Servicer
After the occurrence and during the continuance of a Consultation Termination Event, if the operating advisor determines that the special servicer is not performing its duties as required under the PSA or is otherwise not acting in accordance with the Servicing
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Standard, the operating advisor may recommend the replacement of the special servicer in the manner described in “—Replacement of the Special Servicer Without Cause”.
Eligibility of Operating Advisor
The operating advisor will be required to be an Eligible Operating Advisor at all times during the term of the PSA. “Eligible Operating Advisor” means an institution:
(i) that is a special servicer or operating advisor on a commercial mortgage-backed securities transaction rated by the Rating Agencies (including, in the case of the operating advisor, this transaction) but has not been a special servicer or operating advisor on a transaction for which any Rating Agency has qualified, downgraded or withdrawn its rating or ratings of one or more classes of certificates for such transaction citing servicing or other relevant concerns with the special servicer or operating advisor, as applicable, as the sole or a material factor in such rating action;
(ii) that can and will make the representations and warranties of the operating advisor set forth in the PSA;
(iii) that is not (and is not affiliated with) the depositor, the trustee, the certificate administrator, the master servicer, the special servicer, a mortgage loan seller, the Directing Certificateholder, the Risk Retention Consultation Party or a depositor, a trustee, a certificate administrator, the master servicer or the special servicer with respect to the securitization of a Companion Loan, or any of their respective affiliates;
(iv) that has not been paid by the special servicer or successor special servicer any fees, compensation or other remuneration (x) in respect of its obligations under the PSA or (y) for the appointment or recommendation for replacement of a successor special servicer to become the special servicer; and
(v) that (x) has been regularly engaged in the business of analyzing and advising clients in commercial mortgage-backed securities matters and has at least five years of experience in collateral analysis and loss projections, and (y) has at least five years of experience in commercial real estate asset management and experience in the workout and management of distressed commercial real estate assets.
Other Obligations of Operating Advisor
At all times, subject to the Privileged Information Exception, the operating advisor and its affiliates will be obligated to keep confidential any information appropriately labeled “Privileged Information” received from the special servicer or the Directing Certificateholder in connection with the Directing Certificateholder’s exercise of any rights under the PSA (including, without limitation, in connection with any Asset Status Report) or otherwise in connection with the transaction, except under the circumstances described below. As used in this prospectus, “Privileged Information” means (i) any correspondence between the Directing Certificateholder or the Risk Retention Consultation Party and the special servicer related to any Specially Serviced Loan (other than with respect to an Excluded Loan as to such party) or the exercise of the Directing Certificateholder’s consent or consultation rights or the Risk Retention Consultation Party’s consultation rights under the PSA, (ii) any strategically sensitive information that the special servicer has reasonably determined could compromise the issuing entity’s position in any ongoing or future negotiations with the
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related borrower or other interested party and (iii) information subject to attorney-client privilege.
The operating advisor is required to keep all such labeled Privileged Information confidential and may not disclose such labeled Privileged Information to any person (including Certificateholders other than the Directing Certificateholder), other than (1) to the extent expressly required by the PSA, to the other parties to the PSA with a notice indicating that such information is Privileged Information or (2) pursuant to a Privileged Information Exception. Each party to the PSA that receives Privileged Information from the operating advisor with a notice stating that such information is Privileged Information may not disclose such Privileged Information to any person without the prior written consent of the special servicer and, unless a Control Termination Event has occurred, the Directing Certificateholder (with respect to any Mortgage Loan other than a Non-Serviced Whole Loan and other than any applicable Excluded Loan) other than pursuant to a Privileged Information Exception.
“Privileged Information Exception” means, with respect to any Privileged Information, at any time (a) such Privileged Information becomes generally available to the public other than as a result of a disclosure directly or indirectly by the party restricted from disclosing such Privileged Information (the “Restricted Party”), (b) it is reasonable and necessary for the Restricted Party to disclose such Privileged Information in working with legal counsel, auditors, taxing authorities or other governmental agencies, (c) such Privileged Information was already known to such Restricted Party and not otherwise subject to a confidentiality obligation and/or (d) the Restricted Party is required by law, rule, regulation, order, judgment or decree to disclose such information.
Neither the operating advisor nor any of its affiliates may make any investment in any class of certificates; provided, however, that such prohibition will not apply to (i) riskless principal transactions effected by a broker dealer affiliate of the operating advisor or (ii) investments by an affiliate of the operating advisor if the operating advisor and such affiliate maintain policies and procedures that (A) segregate personnel involved in the activities of the operating advisor under the PSA from personnel involved in such affiliate’s investment activities and (B) prevent such affiliate and its personnel from gaining access to information regarding the issuing entity and the operating advisor and its personnel from gaining access to such affiliate’s information regarding its investment activities.
Delegation of Operating Advisor’s Duties
The operating advisor may delegate its duties to agents or subcontractors in accordance with the PSA; however, the operating advisor will remain obligated and primarily liable for any actions required to be performed by it under the PSA without diminution of such obligation or liability or related obligation or liability by virtue of such delegation or arrangements or by virtue of indemnification from any person acting as its agents or subcontractor to the same extent and under the same terms and conditions as if the operating advisor alone were performing its obligations under the PSA.
Termination of the Operating Advisor With Cause
The following constitute operating advisor termination events under the PSA (each, an “Operating Advisor Termination Event”), whether any such event is voluntary or involuntary or is effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation of any administrative or governmental body:
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(a) any failure by the operating advisor to observe or perform in any material respect any of its covenants or agreements or the material breach of any of its representations or warranties under the PSA, which failure continues unremedied for a period of 30 days after the date on which written notice of such failure, requiring the same to be remedied, is given to the operating advisor by any party to the PSA or to the operating advisor, the certificate administrator and the trustee by the holders of certificates having greater than 25% of the aggregate Voting Rights; provided that with respect to any such failure which is not curable within such 30 day period, the operating advisor will have an additional cure period of 30 days to effect such cure so long as it has commenced to cure such failure within the initial 30 day period and has provided the trustee and the certificate administrator with an officer’s certificate certifying that it has diligently pursued, and is continuing to pursue, such cure;
(b) any failure by the operating advisor to perform in accordance with the Operating Advisor Standard which failure continues unremedied for a period of 30 days after the date on which written notice of such failure, requiring the same to be remedied, is given to the operating advisor by any party to the PSA;
(c) any failure by the operating advisor to be an Eligible Operating Advisor, which failure continues unremedied for a period of 30 days after the date on which written notice of such failure, requiring the same to be remedied, is given to the operating advisor by any party to the PSA;
(d) a decree or order of a court or agency or supervisory authority having jurisdiction in the premises in an involuntary case under any present or future federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law for the appointment of a conservator or receiver or liquidator in any insolvency, readjustment of debt, marshaling of assets and liabilities or similar proceedings, or for the winding up or liquidation of its affairs, was entered against the operating advisor, and such decree or order remained in force undischarged or unstayed for a period of 60 days;
(e) the operating advisor consents to the appointment of a conservator or receiver or liquidator or liquidation committee in any insolvency, readjustment of debt, marshaling of assets and liabilities, voluntary liquidation, or similar proceedings of or relating to the operating advisor or of or relating to all or substantially all of its property; or
(f) the operating advisor admits in writing its inability to pay its debts generally as they become due, files a petition to take advantage of any applicable insolvency or reorganization statute, makes an assignment for the benefit of its creditors, or voluntarily suspends payment of its obligations.
Upon receipt by the certificate administrator of notice of the occurrence of any Operating Advisor Termination Event, the certificate administrator will be required to promptly provide written notice to all Certificateholders electronically by posting such notice on its internet website and by mail, unless the certificate administrator has received notice that such Operating Advisor Termination Event has been remedied.
Rights Upon Operating Advisor Termination Event
After the occurrence of an Operating Advisor Termination Event, the trustee may, and upon the written direction of Certificateholders representing at least 25% of the Voting Rights (taking into account the application of any Appraisal Reduction Amounts to notionally reduce the Certificate Balance of the classes of certificates), the trustee will, promptly terminate the operating advisor for cause and appoint a replacement operating advisor that
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is an Eligible Operating Advisor; provided that no such termination will be effective until a successor operating advisor has been appointed and has assumed all of the obligations of the operating advisor under the PSA. The trustee may rely on a certification by the replacement operating advisor that it is an Eligible Operating Advisor. If the trustee is unable to find a replacement operating advisor that is an Eligible Operating Advisor within 30 days of the termination of the operating advisor, the depositor will be permitted to find a replacement.
Upon any termination of the operating advisor and appointment of a successor operating advisor, the trustee will, as soon as possible, be required to give written notice of the termination and appointment to the special servicer, the master servicer, the certificate administrator, the depositor, the Directing Certificateholder, the Risk Retention Consultation Party, any Companion Loan holder, the Certificateholders and the 17g-5 Information Provider (and made available through the 17g-5 Information Provider’s website).
Waiver of Operating Advisor Termination Event
The holders of certificates representing at least 25% of the Voting Rights affected by any Operating Advisor Termination Event may waive such Operating Advisor Termination Event within 20 days of the receipt of notice from the trustee of the occurrence of such Operating Advisor Termination Event. Upon any such waiver of an Operating Advisor Termination Event, such Operating Advisor Termination Event will cease to exist and will be deemed to have been remedied. Upon any such waiver of an Operating Advisor Termination Event by Certificateholders, the trustee and the certificate administrator will be entitled to recover all costs and expenses incurred by it in connection with enforcement action taken with respect to such Operating Advisor Termination Event prior to such waiver from the issuing entity.
Termination of the Operating Advisor Without Cause
After the occurrence and during the continuance of a Consultation Termination Event, the operating advisor may be removed upon (i) the written direction of Certificateholders evidencing not less than 25% of the Voting Rights (taking into account the application of Appraisal Reduction Amounts to notionally reduce the Certificate Balances of classes to which such Appraisal Reduction Amounts are allocable) requesting a vote to replace the operating advisor with a replacement operating advisor that is an Eligible Operating Advisor selected by such Certificateholders, (ii) payment by such requesting holders to the certificate administrator of all reasonable fees and expenses to be incurred by the certificate administrator in connection with administering such vote and (iii) receipt by the trustee of the Rating Agency Confirmation with respect to such removal.
The certificate administrator will be required to promptly provide written notice to all Certificateholders of such request by posting such notice on its internet website, and by mail, and conduct the solicitation of votes of all certificates in such regard.
Upon the vote or written direction of holders of at least 75% of the Voting Rights (taking into account the application of Appraisal Reduction Amounts to notionally reduce the Certificate Balances of classes to which such Appraisal Reduction Amounts are allocable), the trustee will immediately replace the operating advisor with the replacement operating advisor.
In addition, in the event there are no classes of certificates outstanding other than the Control Eligible Certificates, the RRI Interest, the Class V certificates and the Class R certificates, then all of the rights and obligations of the operating advisor under the PSA will terminate without payment of any penalty or termination fee (other than any rights or
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obligations that accrued prior to the date of such termination (including accrued and unpaid compensation) and other than indemnification rights arising out of events occurring prior to such termination). If the operating advisor is terminated pursuant to the foregoing sentence, then no replacement operating advisor will be appointed.
Resignation of the Operating Advisor
The operating advisor may resign upon 30 days’ prior written notice to the depositor, the master servicer, the special servicer, the trustee, the certificate administrator, the asset representations reviewer, the Directing Certificateholder and the Risk Retention Consultation Party, if applicable, if the operating advisor has secured a replacement operating advisor that is an Eligible Operating Advisor and such replacement operating advisor has accepted its appointment as the replacement operating advisor and receipt by the trustee of a Rating Agency Confirmation from each Rating Agency. If no successor operating advisor has been so appointed and accepted the appointment within 30 days after the notice of resignation, the resigning operating advisor may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor operating advisor that is an Eligible Operating Advisor. The resigning operating advisor must pay all costs and expenses associated with the transfer of its duties.
Operating Advisor Compensation
Certain fees will be payable to the operating advisor, and the operating advisor will be entitled to be reimbursed for certain expenses, as described under “Transaction Parties—The Operating Advisor and Asset Representations Reviewer”.
In the event the operating advisor resigns or is terminated for any reason it will remain entitled to any accrued and unpaid fees and reimbursement of Operating Advisor Expenses and any rights to indemnification provided under the PSA with respect to the period for which it acted as operating advisor.
The operating advisor will be entitled to reimbursement of certain expenses incurred by the operating advisor in the event that the operating advisor is terminated without cause. See “—Termination of the Operating Advisor Without Cause” above.
The Asset Representations Reviewer
Asset Review
Asset Review Trigger
On or prior to each Distribution Date, based on the CREFC® delinquent loan status report and/or the CREFC® loan periodic update file delivered by the master servicer for such Distribution Date, the certificate administrator will be required to determine if an Asset Review Trigger has occurred. If an Asset Review Trigger is determined to have occurred, the certificate administrator will be required to promptly provide notice to the asset representations reviewer and to provide notice to all Certificateholders by posting a notice of its determination on its internet website and by mailing such notice to the Certificateholders’ addresses appearing in the certificate register. On each Distribution Date after providing such notice to the Certificateholders, the certificate administrator, based on information provided to it by the master servicer or the special servicer, will be required to determine whether (1) any additional Mortgage Loan has become a Delinquent Loan, (2) any Mortgage Loan has ceased to be a Delinquent Loan and (3) an Asset Review Trigger has ceased to exist, and, if there is an occurrence of any of the events or circumstances identified in
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clauses (1), (2) and/or (3), deliver such information in a written notice (which may be via email) within 2 business days to the master servicer, the special servicer, the operating advisor and the asset representations reviewer. An “Asset Review Trigger“ will occur when either (1) Mortgage Loans with an aggregate outstanding principal balance of 25.0% or more of the aggregate outstanding principal balance of all of the Mortgage Loans (including any REO Loans (or a portion of any REO Loan in the case of a Whole Loan)) held by the issuing entity as of the end of the applicable Collection Period are Delinquent Loans or (2) at least 15 Mortgage Loans are Delinquent Loans as of the end of the applicable Collection Period and the outstanding principal balance of such Delinquent Loans in the aggregate constitutes at least 20.0% of the aggregate outstanding principal balance of all of the Mortgage Loans (including any REO Loans (or a portion of any REO Loan in the case of a Whole Loan)) held by the issuing entity as of the end of the applicable Collection Period. The PSA will require that the certificate administrator include in the Distribution Report on Form 10-D relating to the distribution period in which the Asset Review Trigger occurred a description of the events that caused the Asset Review Trigger to occur.
We believe this Asset Review Trigger is appropriate considering the unique characteristics of pools of Mortgage Loans underlying CMBS. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Static Pool Data Would Not Be Indicative of the Performance of this Pool”. In general, upon a Delinquent Loan becoming a Specially Serviced Loan, as part of the special servicer’s initial investigation into the circumstances that caused the Mortgage Loan to become delinquent and be transferred to the special servicer, the special servicer will typically conduct a review of the Delinquent Loan for possible breaches of representations and warranties. Given that the special servicer will commonly have already conducted such a review and discussed any findings with the Directing Certificateholder (prior to the occurrence and continuance of a Control Termination Event) prior to the occurrence of an Asset Review Trigger, to avoid additional fees, costs and expenses to the issuing entity, we set the Delinquent Loan percentage based on an outstanding principal balance in clause (1) of the definition of Asset Review Trigger to exceed a delinquency rate that would result in estimated losses that exceed the subordination provided by the Control Eligible Certificates. For purpose of this calculation, we assumed an average loss severity of 40%, however, we cannot assure you that any actual loss severity will equal that assumed percentage. On the other hand, a significant number of Delinquent Loans by loan count, but representing a smaller percentage of the aggregate outstanding principal balance of the Mortgage Loans than the percentage set forth in clause (1) of the definition of Asset Review Trigger, could also indicate an issue with the quality of the Mortgage Pool. As a result, we believe it would be appropriate to have an alternative test as set forth in clause (2) of the definition of Asset Review Trigger, namely to have the Asset Review Trigger be met if Mortgage Loans representing 15 of the Mortgage Loans (by loan count) are Delinquent Loans so long as those Mortgage Loans represent at least 20% of the aggregate outstanding principal balance of the Mortgage Loans. With respect to the 170 prior pools of commercial mortgage loans for which Wells Fargo Bank (or its predecessors) was sponsor in a public offering of CMBS with a securitization closing date on or after January 1, 2006, the highest percentage of mortgage loans, based on the aggregate outstanding principal balance of delinquent mortgage loans in an individual CMBS transaction, that were delinquent at least 60 days at the end of any reporting period between January 1, 2010 and June 27, 2016, was 84.1%; however, the average of the highest delinquency percentages based on the aggregate outstanding principal balance of delinquent mortgage loans in the reviewed transactions was 8.7%; and the highest percentage of delinquent mortgage loans, based upon the number of mortgage loans in the reviewed transactions was 61.5% and the average of the highest delinquency percentages based on the number of mortgage loans in the reviewed transactions was 6.9%.
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“Delinquent Loan” means a Mortgage Loan that is delinquent at least 60 days in respect of its Periodic Payments or balloon payment, if any, in either case such delinquency to be determined without giving effect to any grace period.
Asset Review Vote
If Certificateholders evidencing not less than 5.0% of the Voting Rights deliver to the certificate administrator, within 90 days after the filing of the Form 10-D reporting the occurrence of an Asset Review Trigger, a written direction requesting a vote to commence an Asset Review (an “Asset Review Vote Election”), the certificate administrator will promptly provide written notice of such direction to all Certificateholders (with a copy to the asset representations reviewer), and to conduct a solicitation of votes of Certificateholders to authorize an Asset Review. Upon the affirmative vote to authorize an Asset Review by Certificateholders evidencing at least (i) a majority of those Certificateholders who cast votes and (ii) a majority of an Asset Review Quorum within 150 days of the receipt of the Asset Review Vote Election (an “Affirmative Asset Review Vote”), the certificate administrator will promptly provide written notice of such Affirmative Asset Review Vote to all parties to the PSA, the underwriters, the mortgage loan sellers, the Directing Certificateholder, the Risk Retention Consultation Party and the Certificateholders. In the event an Affirmative Asset Review Vote has not occurred within such 150-day period following the receipt of the Asset Review Vote Election, no Certificateholder may request a vote or cast a vote for an Asset Review and the asset representations reviewer will not be required to review any Delinquent Loan unless and until, as applicable, (A) an additional Mortgage Loan has become a Delinquent Loan after the expiration of such 150-day period, (B) a new Asset Review Trigger has occurred as a result or an Asset Review Trigger is otherwise in effect, (C) the certificate administrator has timely received an Asset Review Vote Election after the occurrence of the events described in clauses (A) and (B) above and (D) an Affirmative Asset Review Vote has occurred within 150 days after the Asset Review Vote Election described in clause (C) above. After the occurrence of any Asset Review Vote Election or an Affirmative Asset Review Vote, no Certificateholder may make any additional Asset Review Vote Election except as described in the immediately preceding sentence. Any reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the certificate administrator in connection with administering such vote will be paid as an expense of the issuing entity from the Collection Account.
An “Asset Review Quorum” means, in connection with any solicitation of votes to authorize an Asset Review as described above, the holders of certificates evidencing at least 5.0% of the aggregate Voting Rights represented by all certificates that have Voting Rights.
Review Materials
Upon receipt of notice from the certificate administrator of an Affirmative Asset Review Vote (the “Asset Review Notice”), the custodian (with respect to clauses (i) – (v) for non-Specially Serviced Loans), the master servicer (with respect to clause (vi) for non-Specially Serviced Loans) and the special servicer (with respect to Specially Serviced Loans) will be required to promptly, but in no event later than within 10 business days, provide the following materials to the extent in their possession to the asset representations reviewer (collectively, with the Diligence Files posted to the secure data room by the certificate administrator, copies of all Asset Status Reports and Final Asset Status Reports related to each Delinquent Loan, a copy of the prospectus, a copy of each related MLPA and a copy of the PSA, the “Review Materials”):
(i) an assignment of the Mortgage in favor of the trustee, with evidence of recording thereon, for each Delinquent Loan that is subject to an Asset Review;
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(ii) an assignment of any related assignment of leases (if such item is a document separate from the Mortgage) in favor of the trustee, with evidence of recording thereon, related to each Delinquent Loan that is subject to an Asset Review;
(iii) the assignment of all unrecorded documents relating to each Delinquent Loan that is subject to an Asset Review, if not already covered pursuant to items (i) or (ii) above;
(iv) all filed copies (bearing evidence of filing) or evidence of filing of any UCC financing statements related to each Delinquent Loan that is subject to an Asset Review;
(v) an assignment in favor of the trustee of any financing statement executed and filed in the relevant jurisdiction related to each Delinquent Loan that is subject to an Asset Review; and
(vi) any other related documents that were entered into or delivered in connection with the origination of such Mortgage Loan that the asset representations reviewer has determined are necessary in connection with its completion of any Asset Review and that are requested by the asset representations reviewer, in the time frames and as otherwise described below.
In the event that, as part of an Asset Review of a Mortgage Loan, the asset representations reviewer determines that it is missing any document that is required to be part of the Review Materials for such Mortgage Loan and that is necessary in connection with its completion of the Asset Review, the asset representations reviewer will promptly, but in no event later than 10 business days after receipt of the Review Materials, notify the master servicer (with respect to non-Specially Serviced Loans) or the special servicer (with respect to Specially Serviced Loans), as applicable, of such missing document(s), and request the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, promptly, but in no event later than 10 business days after receipt of notification from the asset representations reviewer, deliver to the asset representations reviewer such missing document(s) to the extent in its possession. In the event any missing documents are not provided by the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, within such 10 business day period, the asset representations reviewer will request such documents from the related mortgage loan seller. The mortgage loan seller will be required under the related MLPA to deliver such additional documents only to the extent such documents are in the possession of such party but in any event excluding any documents that contain information that is proprietary to the related originator or mortgage loan seller or any draft documents or privileged or internal communications.
The asset representations reviewer may, but is under no obligation to, consider and rely upon information furnished to it by a person that is not a party to the PSA or the related mortgage loan seller, and will do so only if such information can be independently verified (without unreasonable effort or expense to the asset representations reviewer) and is determined by the asset representations reviewer in its good faith and sole discretion to be relevant to the Asset Review (any such information, “Unsolicited Information”), as described below.
Asset Review
Upon its receipt of the Asset Review Notice and access to the Diligence Files posted to the secure data room with respect to a Delinquent Loan, the asset representations reviewer,
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as an independent contractor, will be required to commence a review of the compliance of each Delinquent Loan with the representations and warranties related to that Delinquent Loan (such review, the “Asset Review”). An Asset Review of each Delinquent Loan will consist of the application of a set of pre-determined review procedures (the “Tests”) for each representation and warranty made by the applicable mortgage loan seller with respect to such Delinquent Loan. Once an Asset Review of a Mortgage Loan is completed, no further Asset Review will be required of or performed on that Mortgage Loan notwithstanding that such Mortgage Loan may continue to be a Delinquent Loan or become a Delinquent Loan again at the time when a new Asset Review Trigger occurs and a new Affirmative Asset Review Vote is obtained subsequent to the occurrence of such Asset Review Trigger.
“Asset Review Standard” means the performance by the asset representations reviewer of its duties under the PSA in good faith subject to the express terms of the PSA. All determinations or assumptions made by the asset representations reviewer in connection with an Asset Review are required to be made in the asset representations reviewer’s good faith discretion and judgment based on the facts and circumstances known to it at the time of such determination or assumption.
No Certificateholder will have the right to change the scope of the asset representations reviewer’s review, and the asset representations reviewer will not be required to review any information other than (i) the Review Materials and (ii) if applicable, Unsolicited Information.
The asset representations reviewer may, absent manifest error and subject to the Asset Review Standard, (i) assume, without independent investigation or verification, that the Review Materials are accurate and complete in all material respects and (ii) conclusively rely on such Review Materials.
The asset representations reviewer must prepare a preliminary report with respect to each delinquent loan within 56 days after the date on which access to the secure data room is provided by the certificate administrator. In the event that the asset representations reviewer determines that the Review Materials are insufficient to complete a Test and such missing documentation is not delivered to the asset representations reviewer by the master servicer (with respect to non-Specially Serviced Loans), the special servicer (with respect to Specially Serviced Loans) or from the related mortgage loan seller within 10 business days following the request by the asset representations reviewer to the master servicer, the special servicer or the related mortgage loan seller, as the case may be, as described above, the asset representations reviewer will list such missing documents in a preliminary report setting forth the preliminary results of the application of the Tests and the reasons why such missing documents are necessary to complete a Test and (if the asset representations reviewer has so concluded) that the absence of such documents will be deemed to be a failure of such Test. The asset representations reviewer will be required to provide such preliminary report to the master servicer (with respect to non-Specially Serviced Loans) or the special servicer (with respect to Specially Serviced Loans), and the related mortgage loan seller. If the preliminary report indicates that any of the representations and warranties fails or is deemed to fail any Test, the mortgage loan seller will have 90 days (the “Cure/Contest Period”) to remedy or otherwise refute the failure. Any documents or explanations to support the related mortgage loan seller’s claim that the representation and warranty has not failed a Test or that any missing documents in the Review Materials are not required to complete a Test will be sent by the related mortgage loan seller to the asset representations reviewer. For the avoidance of doubt, the asset representations reviewer will not be required to prepare a preliminary report in the event
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the asset representations reviewer determines that there is no Test failure with respect to the related Delinquent Loan.
The asset representations reviewer will be required, within 60 days after the date on which access to the secure data room is provided to the asset representations reviewer by the certificate administrator or within 10 days after the expiration of the Cure/Contest Period (whichever is later), to complete an Asset Review with respect to each Delinquent Loan and deliver (i) a report setting forth the asset representations reviewer’s findings and conclusions as to whether or not it has determined there is any evidence of a failure of any Test based on the Asset Review and a statement that the asset representations reviewer’s findings and conclusions set forth in such report were not influenced by any third party (an “Asset Review Report”) to each party to the PSA, the related mortgage loan seller for each Delinquent Loan and the Directing Certificateholder, and (ii) a summary of the asset representations reviewer’s conclusions included in such Asset Review Report (an “Asset Review Report Summary”) to the trustee and certificate administrator. The period of time by which the Asset Review Report must be completed and delivered may be extended by up to an additional 30 days, upon written notice to the parties to the PSA and the related mortgage loan seller, if the asset representations reviewer determines pursuant to the Asset Review Standard that such additional time is required due to the characteristics of the Mortgage Loans and/or the Mortgaged Property or Mortgaged Properties. In no event will the asset representations reviewer be required to determine whether any Test failure constitutes a Material Defect, or whether the issuing entity should enforce any rights it may have against the related mortgage loan seller, which, in each such case, will be the responsibility of the Enforcing Servicer. See “—Enforcement of Mortgage Loan Seller’s Obligations Under the MLPA” below. In addition, in the event that the asset representations reviewer does not receive any information or documentation that it requested from the master servicer (with respect to non-Specially Serviced Loans), the special servicer (with respect to Specially Serviced Loans) or the related mortgage loan seller in sufficient time to allow the asset representations reviewer to complete its Asset Review and deliver an Asset Review Report, the asset representations reviewer will be required to prepare the Asset Review Report solely based on the information received by the asset representations reviewer with respect to the related Delinquent Loan, and the asset representations reviewer will have no responsibility to independently obtain any such information from any party to the PSA or otherwise. The PSA will require that the certificate administrator (i) include the Asset Review Report Summary in the Distribution Report on Form 10–D relating to the distribution period in which the Asset Review Report Summary was received, and (ii) post such Asset Review Report Summary to the certificate administrator’s website not later than two business days after receipt of such Asset Review Report Summary from the asset representations reviewer.
Eligibility of Asset Representations Reviewer
The asset representations reviewer will be required to represent and warrant in the PSA that it is an Eligible Asset Representations Reviewer. The asset representations reviewer is required to be at all times an Eligible Asset Representations Reviewer. If the asset representations reviewer ceases to be an Eligible Asset Representations Reviewer, the asset representations reviewer is required to immediately notify the master servicer, the special servicer, the trustee, the operating advisor, the certificate administrator and the Directing Certificateholder of such disqualification and immediately resign under the PSA as described under the “—Resignation of Asset Representations Reviewer” below.
An “Eligible Asset Representations Reviewer” is an institution that (i) is the special servicer, operating advisor or asset representations reviewer on a transaction rated by any
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of DBRS, Inc., Fitch, KBRA, Moody’s, Morningstar Credit Ratings, LLC or S&P Global Ratings and that has not been the special servicer, operating advisor or asset representations reviewer on a transaction for which DBRS, Inc., Fitch, KBRA, Moody’s, Morningstar Credit Ratings, LLC or S&P Global Ratings has qualified, downgraded or withdrawn its rating or ratings of one or more classes of certificates for such transaction citing servicing or other relevant concerns with the special servicer, operating advisor or asset representations reviewer, as applicable, as the sole or material factor in such rating action, (ii) can and will make the representations and warranties of the asset representations reviewer set forth in the PSA, (iii) is not (and is not affiliated with) any sponsor, any mortgage loan seller, any originator, the master servicer, the special servicer, the depositor, the certificate administrator, the trustee, the Directing Certificateholder, the Risk Retention Consultation Party or any of their respective affiliates, (iv) has not performed (and is not affiliated with any party hired to perform) any due diligence, loan underwriting, brokerage, borrower advisory or similar services with respect to any Mortgage Loan or any related Companion Loan prior to the Closing Date for or on behalf of any sponsor, any mortgage loan seller, any underwriter, any party to the PSA, the Directing Certificateholder or the Risk Retention Consultation Party or any of their respective affiliates, or have been paid any fees, compensation or other remuneration by any of them in connection with any such services and (v) that does not directly or indirectly, through one or more affiliates or otherwise, own any interest in any certificates, any Mortgage Loans, any Companion Loan or any securities backed by a Companion Loan or otherwise have any financial interest in the securitization transaction to which the PSA relates, other than in fees from its role as asset representations reviewer (or as operating advisor, if applicable) and except as otherwise set forth in the PSA.
Other Obligations of Asset Representations Reviewer
The asset representations reviewer and its affiliates are required to keep confidential any information appropriately labeled as “Privileged Information” received from any party to the PSA or any sponsor under the PSA (including, without limitation, in connection with the review of the Mortgage Loans) and not disclose such Privileged Information to any person (including Certificateholders), other than (1) to the extent expressly required by the PSA in an Asset Review Report or otherwise, to the other parties to the PSA with a notice indicating that such information is Privileged Information or (2) pursuant to a Privileged Information Exception. Each party to the PSA that receives such Privileged Information from the asset representations reviewer with a notice stating that such information is Privileged Information may not disclose such Privileged Information to any person without the prior written consent of the special servicer other than pursuant to a Privileged Information Exception.
Neither the asset representations reviewer nor any of its affiliates may make any investment in any class of certificates; provided, however, that such prohibition will not apply to (i) riskless principal transactions effected by a broker dealer affiliate of the asset representations reviewer or (ii) investments by an affiliate of the asset representations reviewer if the asset representations reviewer and such affiliate maintain policies and procedures that (A) segregate personnel involved in the activities of the asset representations reviewer under the PSA from personnel involved in such affiliate’s investment activities and (B) prevent such affiliate and its personnel from gaining access to information regarding the issuing entity and the asset representations reviewer and its personnel from gaining access to such affiliate’s information regarding its investment activities.
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Delegation of Asset Representations Reviewer’s Duties
The asset representations reviewer may delegate its duties to agents or subcontractors in accordance with the PSA, however, the asset representations reviewer will remain obligated and primarily liable for any Asset Review required in accordance with the provisions of the PSA without diminution of such obligation or liability by virtue of such delegation or arrangements or by virtue of indemnification from any person acting as its agents or subcontractor to the same extent and under the same terms and conditions as if the asset representations reviewer alone were performing its obligations under the PSA.
Asset Representations Reviewer Termination Events
The following constitute asset representations reviewer termination events under the PSA (each, an “Asset Representations Reviewer Termination Event”) whether any such event is voluntary or involuntary or is effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation of any administrative or governmental body:
(i) any failure by the asset representations reviewer to observe or perform in any material respect any of its covenants or agreements or the material breach of any of its representations or warranties under the PSA, which failure continues unremedied for a period of 30 days after the date on which written notice of such failure, requiring the same to be remedied, is given to the asset representations reviewer by the trustee or to the asset representations reviewer and the trustee by the holders of certificates having greater than 25% of the Voting Rights; provided that with respect to any such failure that is not curable within such 30-day period, the asset representations reviewer will have an additional cure period of 30 days to effect such cure so long as it has commenced to cure such failure within the initial 30-day period and has provided the trustee and the certificate administrator with an officer’s certificate certifying that it has diligently pursued, and is continuing to pursue, such cure;
(ii) any failure by the asset representations reviewer to perform its obligations set forth in the PSA in accordance with the Asset Review Standard in any material respect, which failure continues unremedied for a period of 30 days after the date written notice of such failure, requiring the same to be remedied, is given to the asset representations reviewer by any party to the PSA;
(iii) any failure by the asset representations reviewer to be an Eligible Asset Representations Reviewer, which failure continues unremedied for a period of 30 days after the date written notice of such failure, requiring the same to be remedied, is given to the asset representations reviewer by any party to the PSA;
(iv) a decree or order of a court or agency or supervisory authority having jurisdiction in the premises in an involuntary case under any present or future federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law for the appointment of a conservator or receiver or liquidator in any insolvency, readjustment of debt, marshaling of assets and liabilities or similar proceedings, or for the winding-up or liquidation of its affairs, has been entered against the asset representations reviewer, and such decree or order has remained in force undischarged or unstayed for a period of 60 days;
(v) the asset representations reviewer consents to the appointment of a conservator or receiver or liquidator or liquidation committee in any insolvency,
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readjustment of debt, marshaling of assets and liabilities, voluntary liquidation, or similar proceedings of or relating to the asset representations reviewer or of or relating to all or substantially all of its property; or
(vi) the asset representations reviewer admits in writing its inability to pay its debts generally as they become due, files a petition to take advantage of any applicable insolvency or reorganization statute, makes an assignment for the benefit of its creditors, or voluntarily suspends payment of its obligations.
Upon receipt by the certificate administrator of written notice of the occurrence of any Asset Representations Reviewer Termination Event, the certificate administrator will be required to promptly provide written notice to all Certificateholders (which is required to be simultaneously delivered to the asset representations reviewer) electronically by posting such notice on its internet website and by mail, unless the certificate administrator has received notice that such Asset Representations Reviewer Termination Event has been remedied.
Rights Upon Asset Representations Reviewer Termination Event
If an Asset Representations Reviewer Termination Event occurs, and in each and every such case, so long as such Asset Representations Reviewer Termination Event has not been remedied, then either the trustee (i) may or (ii) upon the written direction of Certificateholders evidencing at least 25% of the Voting Rights (without regard to the application of any Appraisal Reduction Amounts) will be required to, terminate all of the rights and obligations of the asset representations reviewer under the PSA, other than rights and obligations accrued prior to such termination and other than indemnification rights (arising out of events occurring prior to such termination), by written notice to the asset representations reviewer. The asset representations reviewer is required to bear all reasonable costs and expenses of each other party to the PSA in connection with its termination for cause.
Termination of the Asset Representations Reviewer Without Cause
Upon (i) the written direction of Certificateholders evidencing not less than 25% of the Voting Rights (without regard to the application of any Appraisal Reduction Amounts) requesting a vote to terminate and replace the asset representations reviewer with a proposed successor asset representations reviewer that is an Eligible Asset Representations Reviewer, and (ii) payment by such holders to the certificate administrator of the reasonable fees and expenses to be incurred by the certificate administrator in connection with administering such vote, the certificate administrator will promptly provide notice to all Certificateholders and the asset representations reviewer of such request by posting such notice on its internet website, and by mailing to all Certificateholders and the asset representations reviewer. Upon the written direction of Certificateholders evidencing at least 75% of a Certificateholder Quorum (without regard to the application of any Appraisal Reduction Amounts), the trustee will terminate all of the rights and obligations of the asset representations reviewer under the PSA (other than any rights or obligations that accrued prior to the date of such termination and other than indemnification rights (arising out of events occurring prior to such termination)) by written notice to the asset representations reviewer, and the proposed successor asset representations reviewer will be appointed.
In the event that holders of the certificates entitled to at least 75% of the Voting Rights elect to remove the asset representations reviewer without cause and appoint a successor, the successor asset representations reviewer will be responsible for all expenses necessary to effect the transfer of responsibilities from its predecessor.
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Resignation of Asset Representations Reviewer
The asset representations reviewer may at any time resign by giving written notice to the other parties to the PSA. In addition, the asset representations reviewer will at all times be, and will be required to resign if it fails to be, an Eligible Asset Representations Reviewer by giving written notice to the other parties. Upon such notice of resignation, the depositor will be required to promptly appoint a successor asset representations reviewer that is an Eligible Asset Representations Reviewer. No resignation of the asset representations reviewer will be effective until a successor asset representations reviewer that is an Eligible Asset Representations Reviewer has been appointed and accepted the appointment. If no successor asset representations reviewer has been so appointed and accepted the appointment within 30 days after the notice of resignation, the resigning asset representations reviewer may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor asset representations reviewer that is an Eligible Asset Representations Reviewer. The resigning asset representations reviewer must pay all costs and expenses associated with the transfer of its duties.
Asset Representations Reviewer Compensation
Certain fees will be payable to the asset representations reviewer, and the asset representations reviewer will be entitled to be reimbursed for certain expenses, as described under “—Servicing and Other Compensation and Payment of Expenses”.
Limitation on Liability of Risk Retention Consultation Party
The Risk Retention Consultation Party will not be liable to the issuing entity or the Certificateholders for any action taken, or for refraining from the taking of any action, or for errors in judgment. However, the Risk Retention Consultation Party will not be protected against any liability to the holders of the RRI Interest that would otherwise be imposed by reason of willful misconduct, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of duties or by reason of reckless disregard of obligations or duties owed to the holders of the RRI Interest.
Each Certificateholder will acknowledge and agree, by its acceptance of its certificates, that the Risk Retention Consultation Party:
(a) may have special relationships and interests that conflict with those of holders of one or more classes of certificates;
(b) may act solely in the interests of the holders of the RRI Interest;
(c) does not have any liability or duties to the holders of any class of certificates other than the RRI Interest;
(d) may take actions that favor the interests of the holders of one or more classes including the RRI Interest over the interests of the holders of one or more other classes of certificates; and
(e) will have no liability whatsoever (other than to a holder of the RRI Interest) for having so acted as set forth in (a) – (d) above, and no Certificateholder may take any action whatsoever against the Risk Retention Consultation Party or any director, officer, employee, agent or principal of the Risk Retention Consultation Party for having so acted.
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The taking of, or refraining from taking, any action by the master servicer or the special servicer in accordance with the recommendation of the Risk Retention Consultation Party, which does not violate the terms of any Mortgage Loan, any law, the Servicing Standard or the provisions of the PSA or the related Intercreditor Agreement, will not result in any liability on the part of the master servicer or special servicer.
Replacement of the Special Servicer Without Cause
Except as limited by certain conditions described in this prospectus and subject to the rights of the holder of the related Companion Loan under the related Intercreditor Agreement, the special servicer may generally be replaced, prior to the occurrence and continuance of a Control Termination Event, at any time and without cause, by the Directing Certificateholder so long as, among other things, the Directing Certificateholder appoints a replacement special servicer that meets the requirements of the PSA, including that the trustee and the certificate administrator receive a Rating Agency Confirmation from each Rating Agency and confirmation from the applicable rating agencies that such replacement will not result in the downgrade, withdrawal or qualification of the then-current ratings of any class of any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan Securities and that such replacement special servicer may not be the asset representations reviewer or any of its affiliates. The reasonable fees and out-of-pocket expenses of any such termination incurred by the Directing Certificateholder without cause (including the costs of obtaining a Rating Agency Confirmation) will be paid by the holders of the Controlling Class.
After the occurrence and during the continuance of a Control Termination Event, upon (i) the written direction of holders of Principal Balance Certificates evidencing not less than 25% of the Voting Rights (taking into account the application of any Appraisal Reduction Amounts to notionally reduce the Certificate Balances) of the Principal Balance Certificates (other than the RRI Interest) requesting a vote to replace the special servicer with a new special servicer, (ii) payment by such holders to the certificate administrator of the reasonable fees and expenses (including any legal fees and any Rating Agency fees and expenses) to be incurred by the certificate administrator in connection with administering such vote (which fees and expenses will not be additional trust fund expenses), and (iii) delivery by such holders to the certificate administrator and the trustee of Rating Agency Confirmation from each Rating Agency (such Rating Agency Confirmation will be obtained at the expense of those holders of certificates requesting such vote) and confirmation from the applicable rating agencies that the contemplated appointment or replacement will not result in the downgrade, withdrawal or qualification of the then-current ratings of any class of any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan Securities, the certificate administrator will be required to post notice of the same on the certificate administrator’s website and concurrently by mail and conduct the solicitation of votes of all certificates in such regard, which such vote must occur within 180 days of the posting of such notice. Upon the written direction of holders of Principal Balance Certificates evidencing at least 66-2/3% of a Certificateholder Quorum, the trustee will be required to terminate all of the rights and obligations of the special servicer under the PSA and appoint the successor special servicer (which must be a Qualified Replacement Special Servicer) designated by such Certificateholders, subject to indemnification, right to outstanding fees, reimbursement of Advances and other rights set forth in the PSA, which survive such termination. The certificate administrator will include on each Distribution Date Statement a statement that each Certificateholder may access such notices via the certificate administrator’s website and that each Certificateholder may register to receive electronic mail notifications when such notices are posted thereon.
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A “Certificateholder Quorum” means, in connection with any solicitation of votes in connection with the replacement of the special servicer or asset representations reviewer described above, the holders of certificates evidencing at least 50% of the aggregate Voting Rights (taking into account the application of Realized Losses and, other than with respect to the termination of the asset representations reviewer, the application of any Appraisal Reduction Amounts to notionally reduce the Certificate Balance of the certificates) of all Principal Balance Certificates on an aggregate basis.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the special servicer is a Borrower Party with respect to any Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan (any such Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan, an “Excluded Special Servicer Loan”), the special servicer will be required to resign as special servicer of that Excluded Special Servicer Loan. Prior to the occurrence and continuance of a Control Termination Event, if the applicable Excluded Special Servicer Loan is not also an Excluded Loan as to the Directing Certificateholder or the holder of the majority of the Controlling Class, the Directing Certificateholder will be required to select a successor special servicer that is not a Borrower Party in accordance with the terms of the PSA (the “Excluded Special Servicer”) for the related Excluded Special Servicer Loan. After the occurrence and during the continuance of a Control Termination Event or if at any time the applicable Excluded Special Servicer Loan is also an Excluded Loan as to the Directing Certificateholder or the holder of the majority of the Controlling Class, the resigning special servicer will be required to select the related Excluded Special Servicer. The special servicer will not have any liability with respect to the actions or inactions of the applicable Excluded Special Servicer or with respect to the identity of the applicable Excluded Special Servicer so long as the selected Excluded Special Servicer is a Qualified Replacement Special Servicer. It will be a condition to any such appointment that (i) the Rating Agencies confirm that the appointment would not result in a qualification, downgrade or withdrawal of any of their then-current ratings of the certificates and the equivalent from each NRSRO hired to provide ratings with respect to any class of securities backed, wholly or partially, by any Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan, (ii) the applicable Excluded Special Servicer is a Qualified Replacement Special Servicer and (iii) the applicable Excluded Special Servicer delivers to the depositor and the certificate administrator and any applicable depositor and certificate administrator of any other securitization, if applicable, that contains a Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan, the information, if any, required pursuant to Item 6.02 of the Form 8-K regarding itself in its role as Excluded Special Servicer.
If at any time the special servicer is no longer a Borrower Party with respect to an Excluded Special Servicer Loan, (1) the related Excluded Special Servicer will be required to resign, (2) the related Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan will no longer be an Excluded Special Servicer Loan, (3) the special servicer will become the special servicer again for such related Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan and (4) the special servicer will be entitled to all special servicing compensation with respect to such Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan earned during such time on and after such Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan is no longer an Excluded Special Servicer Loan.
The applicable Excluded Special Servicer will be required to perform all of the obligations of the special servicer for the related Excluded Special Servicer Loan and will be entitled to all special servicing compensation with respect to such Excluded Special Servicer Loan earned during such time as the related Mortgage Loan or Serviced Whole Loan is an Excluded Special Servicer Loan.
A “Qualified Replacement Special Servicer” is a replacement special servicer that (i) satisfies all of the eligibility requirements applicable to the special servicer in the PSA, (ii) is not the operating advisor, the asset representations reviewer or an affiliate of the operating advisor or the asset representations reviewer, (iii) is not obligated to pay the
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operating advisor (x) any fees or otherwise compensate the operating advisor in respect of its obligations under the PSA, or (y) for the appointment of the successor special servicer or the recommendation by the operating advisor for the replacement special servicer to become the special servicer, (iv) is not entitled to receive any compensation from the operating advisor other than compensation that is not material and is unrelated to the operating advisor’s recommendation that such party be appointed as the replacement special servicer, (v) is not entitled to receive any fee from the operating advisor for its appointment as successor special servicer, in each case, unless expressly approved by 100% of the Certificateholders, (vi) currently has a special servicer rating of at least “CSS3” from Fitch, (vii) is currently acting as a special servicer in a CMBS transaction rated by Moody’s (as to which CMBS transaction there are outstanding CMBS rated by Moody’s), (viii) is not a special servicer that has been cited by Moody’s or KBRA as having servicing concerns as the sole or material factor in any qualification, downgrade or withdrawal of the ratings (or placement on “watch status” in contemplation of a ratings downgrade or withdrawal) of securities in a transaction serviced by the applicable servicer prior to the time of determination and (ix) is included on S&P’s Select Servicer List as a U.S. Commercial Mortgage Special Servicer.
In addition, after the occurrence and during the continuance of a Consultation Termination Event, if the operating advisor determines that the special servicer is not performing its duties as required under the PSA or is otherwise not acting in accordance with the Servicing Standard, the operating advisor will have the right to recommend the replacement of the special servicer. In such event, the operating advisor will be required to deliver to the trustee and the certificate administrator, with a copy to the special servicer, a written recommendation detailing the reasons supporting its position (along with relevant information justifying its recommendation) and recommending a suggested replacement special servicer (which must be a Qualified Replacement Special Servicer). The certificate administrator will be required to notify each Certificateholder of the recommendation and post it on the certificate administrator’s internet website, and to conduct the solicitation of votes with respect to such recommendation.
The operating advisor’s recommendation to replace the special servicer must be confirmed by an affirmative vote of holders of Principal Balance Certificates evidencing at least a majority of the aggregate Voting Rights (taking into account the application of any Appraisal Reduction Amounts to notionally reduce the respective Certificate Balances) of all Principal Balance Certificates on an aggregate basis. In the event the holders of such Principal Balance Certificates elect to remove and replace the special servicer, the certificate administrator will be required to receive a Rating Agency Confirmation from each of the Rating Agencies at that time and confirmation from the applicable rating agencies that such replacement will not result in the downgrade, withdrawal or qualification of the then-current ratings of any class of any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan Securities. In the event the certificate administrator receives a Rating Agency Confirmation from each of the Rating Agencies (and the successor special servicer agrees to be bound by the terms of the PSA), the trustee will then be required to terminate all of the rights and obligations of the special servicer under the PSA and to appoint the successor special servicer approved by the Certificateholders, provided that such successor special servicer is a Qualified Replacement Special Servicer, subject to the terminated special servicer’s rights to indemnification, payment of outstanding fees, reimbursement of Advances and other rights set forth in the PSA that survive termination. The reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses (including reasonable legal fees and expenses of outside counsel) associated with obtaining such Rating Agency Confirmations and administering the vote of the applicable holders of the Principal Balance Certificates and the operating advisor’s identification of a Qualified Replacement Special Servicer will be an additional trust fund expense.
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In any case, the trustee will notify the outgoing special servicer promptly of the effective date of its termination. Any replacement special servicer recommended by the operating advisor must be a Qualified Replacement Special Servicer.
No appointment of the special servicer will be effective until the depositor or the depositor for the securitization of a Companion Loan has filed any required Exchange Act filings related to the removal and replacement of the special servicer.
With respect to any Non-Serviced Whole Loans, the related Non-Serviced Special Servicer may be removed, and a successor special servicer appointed at any time by the related Non-Serviced Directing Certificateholder (and not by the Directing Certificateholder for this transaction) to the extent set forth in the related Non-Serviced PSA and the related Intercreditor Agreement for such Non-Serviced Whole Loan. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans—The Non-Serviced Whole Loan” and “—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan” below.
Termination of the Master Servicer or Special Servicer for Cause
Servicer Termination Events
A “Servicer Termination Event” under the PSA with respect to the master servicer or the special servicer, as the case may be, will include, without limitation:
(a) (i) any failure by the master servicer to make any deposit required to be made by the master servicer to the Collection Account or remit to the companion paying agent for deposit into the Companion Distribution Account on the day and by the time such deposit or remittance is first required to be made, which failure is not remedied within one business day, or (ii) any failure by the master servicer to deposit into, or remit to the certificate administrator for deposit into, the Distribution Account any amount required to be so deposited or remitted, which failure is not remedied by 11:00 a.m. New York City time on the relevant Distribution Date;
(b) any failure by the special servicer to deposit into the REO Account within one business day after the day such deposit is required to be made, or to remit to the master servicer for deposit in the Collection Account, or any other account required under the PSA, any amount required to be so deposited or remitted by the special servicer pursuant to, and at the time specified by, the PSA;
(c) any failure on the part of the master servicer or special servicer, as the case may be, duly to observe or perform in any material respect any of its other covenants or obligations under the PSA, which failure continues unremedied for 30 days (or (i) with respect to any year that a report on Form 10-K is required to be filed, 5 business days in the case of the master servicer’s or special servicer’s obligations, as the case may be, under the PSA in respect of Exchange Act reporting items (after any applicable grace periods), (ii) 15 days in the case of the master servicer’s failure to make a Servicing Advance or (iii) 15 days in the case of a failure to pay the premium for any property insurance policy required to be maintained under the PSA) after written notice of the failure has been given (A) to the master servicer or special servicer, as the case may be, by any other party to the PSA, or (B) to the master servicer or special servicer, as the case may be, with a copy to each other party to the related PSA, by Certificateholders evidencing not less than 25% of all Voting Rights or, with respect to a Serviced Whole Loan if affected by that failure, by the holder of the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan; provided, however, that if that failure is capable of being cured and the master servicer or the special servicer, as the case may be, is diligently pursuing
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that cure, such period will be extended an additional 30 days; provided, further, however, that such extended period will not apply to the obligations regarding Exchange Act reporting;
(d) any breach on the part of the master servicer or special servicer, as the case may be, of any representation or warranty in the PSA that materially and adversely affects the interests of any class of Certificateholders or holders of any Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan and that continues unremedied for a period of 30 days after the date on which notice of that breach, requiring the same to be remedied, will have been given to the master servicer or special servicer, as the case may be, by the depositor, the certificate administrator or the trustee, or to the master servicer, the special servicer, the depositor, the certificate administrator and the trustee by the Certificateholders evidencing not less than 25% of Voting Rights or, with respect to a Serviced Whole Loan affected by such breach, by the holder of the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan; provided, however, that if that breach is capable of being cured and the master servicer or special servicer, as the case may be, is diligently pursuing that cure, that 30-day period will be extended an additional 30 days;
(e) certain events of insolvency, readjustment of debt, marshaling of assets and liabilities or similar proceedings in respect of or relating to the master servicer or special servicer, and certain actions by or on behalf of the master servicer or special servicer indicating its insolvency or inability to pay its obligations;
(f) the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, is removed from S&P’s Select Servicer List as a U.S. Commercial Mortgage Master Servicer or a U.S. Commercial Mortgage Special Servicer, as applicable, and is not restored to such status on such list within sixty (60) days; or
(g) any of Moody’s, KBRA or Fitch (or, in the case of Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan Securities, any Companion Loan Rating Agency) has (i) qualified, downgraded or withdrawn its rating or ratings of one or more classes of certificates or Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan Securities, as applicable, or (ii) placed one or more classes of certificates or Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan Securities, as applicable, on “watch status” in contemplation of a ratings downgrade or withdrawal (and in the case of clause (i) or (ii), such action has not been withdrawn by Moody’s, KBRA or Fitch, as applicable (or, in the case of Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan Securities, any Companion Loan Rating Agency) within 60 days of such action) and, in the case of either of clauses (i) or (ii), publicly citing servicing concerns with the master servicer or special servicer, as the case may be, as the sole or a material factor in such action.
“Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan Securities” means, for so long as the related Mortgage Loan or any successor REO Loan is part of the Mortgage Pool, any class of securities issued by another securitization and backed by a Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan.
Rights Upon Servicer Termination Event
If a Servicer Termination Event occurs with respect to the master servicer or the special servicer under the PSA, then, so long as the Servicer Termination Event remains unremedied, the depositor or the trustee will be authorized, and at the written direction of Certificateholders entitled to a majority of the Voting Rights or, for so long as no Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing, the Directing Certificateholder (solely with respect to the special servicer and other than with respect to an Excluded Loan as to the Directing Certificateholder or the holder of the majority of the Controlling Class), the
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trustee will be required to terminate all of the rights and obligations of the defaulting party as master servicer or special servicer, as the case may be (other than certain rights in respect of indemnification and certain items of servicing compensation), under the PSA. The trustee will then succeed to all of the responsibilities, duties and liabilities of the defaulting party as master servicer or special servicer, as the case may be, under the PSA and will be entitled to similar compensation arrangements. If the trustee is unwilling or unable to so act, it may (or, at the written request of Certificateholders entitled to a majority of the Voting Rights, or, for so long as no Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing and other than in respect of an applicable Excluded Loan, the Directing Certificateholder, it will be required to) appoint, or petition a court of competent jurisdiction to appoint, a mortgage loan servicing institution, subject to the trustee’s receipt of a Rating Agency Confirmation from each of the Rating Agencies and, with respect to a successor special servicer, for so long as no Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing, that has been approved by the Directing Certificateholder, which approval may not be unreasonably withheld. In addition, none of the asset representations reviewer, the operating advisor and their respective affiliates may be appointed as a successor master servicer or special servicer.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in the section above, if a Servicer Termination Event on the part of the special servicer remains unremedied and affects the holder of a Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan, and the special servicer has not otherwise been terminated, the holder of such Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan (or, if applicable, the related trustee, acting at the direction of the related directing certificateholder (or similar entity)) will be entitled to direct the trustee to terminate the special servicer solely with respect to the related Serviced Whole Loan. The appointment (or replacement) of the special servicer with respect to a Serviced Whole Loan will in any event be subject to Rating Agency Confirmation from each Rating Agency and confirmation from the applicable rating agencies that such appointment (or replacement) will not result in the downgrade, withdrawal or qualification of the then-current ratings of any class of any related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan Securities. A replacement special servicer will be selected by the trustee or, prior to the occurrence and continuance of a Consultation Termination Event, by the Directing Certificateholder; provided, however, that any successor special servicer appointed to replace the special servicer with respect to a Serviced Pari Passu Mortgage Loan cannot at any time be the person (or an affiliate of such person) that was terminated at the direction of the holder of the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan, without the prior written consent of such holder of the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in the section above, if a servicer termination event on the part of a Non-Serviced Special Servicer remains unremedied and affects the issuing entity, and such Non-Serviced Special Servicer has not otherwise been terminated, the trustee, acting at the direction of the Directing Certificateholder, will generally be entitled to direct the related Non-Serviced Trustee to terminate such Non-Serviced Special Servicer, as applicable, solely with respect to the related Non-Serviced Whole Loan(s), and a successor will be appointed in accordance with the related Non-Serviced PSA.
In addition, notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in the section described above, if the master servicer receives notice of termination solely due to a Servicer Termination Event described in clause (f) or (g) under “—Termination of the Master Servicer or Special Servicer for Cause—Servicer Termination Events” above, and prior to being replaced as described in the third preceding paragraph, the master servicer will have 45 days after receipt of the notice of termination to find, and sell its rights and obligations to, a successor master servicer that meets the requirements of the master servicer under the
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PSA; provided that the Rating Agencies have each provided a Rating Agency Confirmation. The termination of the master servicer will be effective when such successor master servicer has succeeded the terminated master servicer, as successor master servicer and such successor master servicer has assumed the terminated master servicer’s servicing obligations and responsibilities under the PSA. If a successor has not entered into the PSA as successor master servicer within 45 days after notice of the termination of the master servicer, the master servicer will be replaced by the trustee as described above.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, (1) if any Servicer Termination Event on the part of the master servicer affects a Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan, the related holder of a Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan or the rating on any Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan Securities, and if the master servicer is not otherwise terminated, or (2) if any Servicer Termination Event on the part of the master servicer affects only a Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan, the related holder of a Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan or the rating on any Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan Securities, then the master servicer may not be terminated by or at the direction of the related holder of such Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan or the holders of any Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan Securities, but upon the written direction of the related holder of such Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan, the master servicer will be required to appoint a sub-servicer that will be responsible for servicing the related Serviced Whole Loan.
Further, if replaced as a result of a Servicer Termination Event, the master servicer or special servicer, as the case may be, will be responsible for the costs and expenses associated with the transfer of its duties.
Waiver of Servicer Termination Event
The Certificateholders representing at least 66-2/3% of the Voting Rights allocated to certificates affected by any Servicer Termination Event may waive such Servicer Termination Event; provided, however, that a Servicer Termination Event under clause (a), (b) or (g) of the definition of “Servicer Termination Event” may be waived only with the consent of all of the Certificateholders of the affected classes and a Servicer Termination Event under clause (c) of the definition of “Servicer Termination Event” relating to Exchange Act reporting may be waived only with the consent of the depositor. Upon any such waiver of a Servicer Termination Event, such Servicer Termination Event will cease to exist and will be deemed to have been remedied. Upon any such waiver of a Servicer Termination Event by Certificateholders, the trustee and the certificate administrator will be entitled to recover all costs and expenses incurred by it in connection with enforcement actions taken with respect to such Servicer Termination Event prior to such waiver from the issuing entity.
Resignation of the Master Servicer or Special Servicer
The PSA permits the master servicer and the special servicer to resign from their respective obligations only upon (a) the appointment of, and the acceptance of the appointment by, a successor (which may be appointed by the resigning master servicer or special servicer, as applicable) and receipt by the certificate administrator and the trustee of a Rating Agency Confirmation from each of the Rating Agencies and confirmation of the applicable rating agencies that such action will not result in the downgrade, withdrawal or qualification of its then-current ratings of any Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan Securities (provided that such rating agency confirmation may be considered satisfied in the same manner as any Rating Agency Confirmation required under the PSA may be considered satisfied with respect to the certificates as described in this prospectus); and, as to the special servicer only, for so long as no Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing, the approval of such successor by the Directing Certificateholder, which approval
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will not be unreasonably withheld or (b) a determination that their respective obligations are no longer permissible with respect to the master servicer or the special servicer, as the case may be, under applicable law. In the event that the master servicer or special servicer resigns as a result of the determination that their respective obligations are no longer permissible under applicable law, the trustee will then succeed to all of the responsibilities, duties and liabilities of the defaulting party as master servicer or special servicer, as the case may be, under the PSA and will be entitled to similar compensation arrangements. If the trustee is unwilling or unable to so act, it may appoint, or petition a court of competent jurisdiction to appoint, a mortgage loan servicing institution, subject to the trustee’s receipt of a Rating Agency Confirmation from each of the Rating Agencies and, with respect to a successor special servicer, for so long as no Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing, which has been approved by the Directing Certificateholder, which approval may not be unreasonably withheld.
No resignation will become effective until the trustee or other successor has assumed the obligations and duties of the resigning master servicer or special servicer, as the case may be, under the PSA. Further, the resigning master servicer or special servicer, as the case may be, must pay all reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses associated with the transfer of its duties. Other than as described under “—Termination of the Master Servicer or Special Servicer for Cause—Servicer Termination Events” above, in no event will the master servicer or the special servicer have the right to appoint any successor master servicer or special servicer if the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, is terminated or removed pursuant to the PSA. In addition, the PSA will prohibit the appointment of the asset representations reviewer, the operating advisor or one of their respective affiliates as successor to the master servicer or special servicer.
Limitation on Liability; Indemnification
The PSA will provide that none of the master servicer (including in any capacity as the paying agent for any Companion Loan), the special servicer, the depositor, the operating advisor, the asset representations reviewer or any partner, shareholder, member, manager, director, officer, employee or agent of any of them will be under any liability to the issuing entity, Certificateholders or holders of the related Companion Loan, as applicable, for any action taken, or not taken, in good faith pursuant to the PSA or for errors in judgment; provided, however, that none of the master servicer (including in any capacity as the paying agent for any Serviced Companion Loan), the special servicer, the depositor, the operating advisor, the asset representations reviewer or similar person will be protected against any breach of a representation or warranty made by such party, as applicable, in the PSA or any liability that would otherwise be imposed by reason of willful misconduct, bad faith or negligence in the performance of obligations or duties under the PSA or by reason of negligent disregard of such obligations and duties. For the purposes of indemnification of the master servicer or the special servicer and limitation of liability, the master servicer or special servicer will be deemed not to have engaged in willful misconduct or committed bad faith or negligence in the performance of its respective obligations and duties under the PSA or acted in negligent disregard of such obligations and duties if the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, fails to follow the terms of the Mortgage Loan documents because the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, in accordance with the Servicing Standard, determines that compliance with any Mortgage Loan documents would or potentially would cause any Trust REMIC to fail to qualify as a REMIC or cause a tax to be imposed on the trust or any Trust REMIC or cause the Grantor Trust to fail to qualify as a grantor trust under the relevant provisions of the Code (for which determination, the master servicer and special servicer will be entitled to rely on advice of counsel, the cost of which will be reimbursed as an additional trust fund expense). The PSA will also provide that the
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master servicer (including in any capacity as the paying agent for any Serviced Companion Loan), the special servicer, the depositor, the operating advisor, the asset representations reviewer and their respective affiliates and any partner, shareholder, member, manager, director, officer, employee or agent of any of them will be entitled to indemnification by the issuing entity against any claims, losses, penalties, fines, forfeitures, reasonable legal fees and related costs, judgments, and other costs, liabilities, fees and expenses incurred in connection with any actual or threatened legal or administrative action or claim that relates to the PSA, the Mortgage Loans, any related Serviced Companion Loan, the issuing entity or the certificates; provided, however, that the indemnification will not extend to any loss, liability or expense specifically required to be borne by such party pursuant to the terms the PSA, incurred in connection with any breach of a representation or warranty made by such party, as applicable, in the PSA or incurred by reason of willful misconduct, bad faith or negligence in the performance of obligations or duties under the PSA, by reason of negligent disregard of such party’s obligations or duties, or in the case of the depositor and any of its partners, shareholders, directors, officers, members, managers, employees and agents, any violation by any of them of any state or federal securities law. In addition, absent actual fraud (as determined by a final non-appealable court order), neither the trustee nor the certificate administrator (including its capacity as custodian) will be liable for special, punitive, indirect or consequential loss or damage of any kind whatsoever (including but not limited to lost profits), even if the trustee or the certificate administrator has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage and regardless of the form of action.
The PSA will also provide that any master servicer, depositor, special servicer, operating advisor (or the equivalent), asset representations reviewer, paying agent or trustee under any Non-Serviced PSA with respect to a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan and any partner, director, officer, shareholder, member, manager, employee or agent of any of them will be entitled to indemnification by the issuing entity and held harmless against the issuing entity’s pro rata share (subject to the applicable Intercreditor Agreement) of any and all claims, losses, penalties, fines, forfeitures, legal fees and related costs, judgments and any other costs, liabilities, fees and expenses incurred in connection with servicing and administration of such Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan and the related Mortgaged Property (as and to the same extent the securitization trust formed under the related Non-Serviced PSA is required to indemnify such parties in respect of other mortgage loans in the securitization trust formed under the related Non-Serviced PSA pursuant to the terms of such Non-Serviced PSA).
In addition, the PSA will provide that none of the master servicer (including in any capacity as the paying agent for any Companion Loan), the special servicer, the depositor, operating advisor or asset representations reviewer will be under any obligation to appear in, prosecute or defend any legal or administrative action, proceeding, hearing or examination that is not incidental to its respective responsibilities under the PSA or that in its opinion may involve it in any expense or liability not recoverable from the issuing entity. However, each of the master servicer, the special servicer, the depositor, the operating advisor and the asset representations reviewer will be permitted, in the exercise of its discretion, to undertake any action, proceeding, hearing or examination that it may deem necessary or desirable with respect to the enforcement and/or protection of the rights and duties of the parties to the PSA and the interests of the Certificateholders (and, in the case of a Serviced Whole Loan, the rights of the Certificateholders and the holders of the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan (as a collective whole), taking into account the pari passu nature of such Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan) under the PSA; provided, however, that if a Serviced Whole Loan and/or the holder of the related Companion Loan are involved, such expenses, costs and liabilities will be payable out of funds related to such Serviced Whole Loan in accordance with the related Intercreditor Agreement and will also be
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payable out of the other funds in the Collection Account if amounts on deposit with respect to such Serviced Whole Loan are insufficient therefor. If any such expenses, costs or liabilities relate to a Mortgage Loan or Companion Loan, then any subsequent recovery on that Mortgage Loan or Companion Loan, as applicable, will be used to reimburse the issuing entity for any amounts advanced for the payment of such expenses, costs or liabilities. In that event, the legal expenses and costs of the action, proceeding, hearing or examination and any liability resulting therefrom, will be expenses, costs and liabilities of the issuing entity, and the master servicer (including in its capacity as the paying agent for any Companion Loan), the special servicer, the depositor, the asset representations reviewer or the operating advisor, as the case may be, will be entitled to be reimbursed out of the Collection Account for the expenses.
Pursuant to the PSA, the master servicer and the special servicer will each be required to maintain a fidelity bond and errors and omissions policy or their equivalent with a qualified insurer that provides coverage against losses that may be sustained as a result of an officer’s or employee’s misappropriation of funds or errors and omissions, subject to certain limitations as to amount of coverage, deductible amounts, conditions, exclusions and exceptions permitted by the PSA. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the master servicer and special servicer will be allowed to self-insure with respect to an errors and omissions policy and a fidelity bond so long as certain conditions set forth in the PSA are met.
Any person into which the master servicer, the special servicer, the depositor, operating advisor, or asset representations reviewer may be merged or consolidated, or any person resulting from any merger or consolidation to which the master servicer, the special servicer, the depositor, operating advisor or asset representations reviewer is a party, or any person succeeding to the business of the master servicer, the special servicer, the depositor, operating advisor or asset representations reviewer, will be the successor of the master servicer, the special servicer, the depositor, operating advisor or asset representations reviewer, as the case may be, under the PSA, subject to certain conditions set forth in the PSA. The master servicer, the special servicer, the operating advisor and the asset representations reviewer may have other normal business relationships with the depositor or the depositor’s affiliates.
The trustee and the certificate administrator make no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of the PSA (other than as to it being a valid obligation of the trustee and the certificate administrator), the certificates, the Mortgage Loans, this prospectus (other than as to the accuracy of the information provided by the trustee and the certificate administrator as set forth above) or any related documents and will not be accountable for the use or application by the depositor of any of the certificates issued to it or of the proceeds of such certificates, or for the use or application of any funds paid to the depositor in respect of the assignment of the Mortgage Loans to the issuing entity, or any funds deposited in or withdrawn from the Collection Account or any other account by or on behalf of the depositor, either the master servicer, the special servicer or, in the case of the trustee, the certificate administrator. The PSA provides that no provision of such agreement will be construed to relieve the trustee and the certificate administrator from liability for their own negligent action, their own negligent failure to act or their own willful misconduct or bad faith.
The PSA provides that neither the trustee nor the certificate administrator, as applicable, will be liable for an error of judgment made in good faith by a responsible officer of the trustee or the certificate administrator, unless it is proven that the trustee or the certificate administrator, as applicable, was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts. In addition, neither the trustee nor the certificate administrator, as applicable, will be liable with respect to any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with
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the direction of holders of certificates entitled to greater than 25% of the percentage interest of each affected class, or of the aggregate Voting Rights of the certificates, relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee and the certificate administrator, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the trustee and the certificate administrator, under the PSA (unless a higher percentage of Voting Rights is required for such action).
The trustee and the certificate administrator and any director, officer, employee, representative or agent of the trustee and the certificate administrator, will be entitled to indemnification by the issuing entity, to the extent of amounts held in the Collection Account or the Lower-Tier REMIC Distribution Account from time to time, for any loss, liability, damages, claims or unanticipated expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses) arising out of or incurred by the trustee or the certificate administrator in connection with their participation in the transaction and any act or omission of the trustee or the certificate administrator relating to the exercise and performance of any of the powers and duties of the trustee and the certificate administrator (including in any capacities in which they serve, e.g., paying agent, REMIC administrator, authenticating agent, custodian, certificate registrar and 17g-5 Information Provider) under the PSA. However, the indemnification will not extend to any loss, liability or expense that constitutes a specific liability imposed on the trustee or the certificate administrator pursuant to the PSA, or to any loss, liability or expense incurred by reason of willful misconduct, bad faith or negligence on the part of the trustee or the certificate administrator in the performance of their obligations and duties under the PSA, or by reason of their negligent disregard of those obligations or duties, or as may arise from a breach of any representation or warranty of the trustee or the certificate administrator made in the PSA.
The rights and protections afforded to the trustee and the certificate administrator as set forth above and under the PSA will also apply to the custodian.
Enforcement of Mortgage Loan Seller’s Obligations Under the MLPA
In the event any party to the PSA receives a request or demand from a Requesting Certificateholder to the effect that a Mortgage Loan should be repurchased or replaced due to a Material Defect, or if such party to the PSA determines that a Mortgage Loan should be repurchased or replaced due to a Material Defect, that party to the PSA will be required to promptly forward such request or demand to the master servicer and special servicer, and the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, will be required to promptly forward it to the related mortgage loan seller. The special servicer will be required to enforce the obligations of the mortgage loan sellers under the MLPAs pursuant to the terms of the PSA and the MLPAs. These obligations include obligations resulting from a Material Defect. Subject to the provisions of the applicable MLPA relating to the dispute resolutions as described under “Description of the Mortgage Loan Purchase Agreements—Dispute Resolution Provisions”, such enforcement, including, without limitation, the legal prosecution of claims, if any, will be required to be carried out in accordance with the Servicing Standard.
Within 30 days after receipt of an Asset Review Report with respect to any Mortgage Loan, the special servicer will be required to determine, based on the Servicing Standard, whether there exists a Material Defect with respect to such Mortgage Loan. If the special servicer determines that a Material Defect exists, the special servicer will be required to enforce the obligations of the applicable mortgage loan seller under the MLPA with respect to such Material Defect as discussed in the preceding paragraph. See “—The Asset Representations Reviewer—Asset Review” above.
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Any costs incurred by the special servicer with respect to the enforcement of the obligations of a mortgage loan seller under the applicable MLPA will be deemed to be Servicing Advances, to the extent not recovered from the mortgage loan seller or the Requesting Certificateholder. See “Description of the Mortgage Loan Purchase Agreements—Dispute Resolution Provisions”.
Dispute Resolution Provisions
Certificateholder’s Rights When a Repurchase Request Is Initially Delivered by a Certificateholder
In the event an Initial Requesting Certificateholder delivers a written request to a party to the PSA that a Mortgage Loan be repurchased by the applicable mortgage loan seller alleging the existence of a Material Defect with respect to such Mortgage Loan and setting forth the basis for such allegation (a “Certificateholder Repurchase Request”), the receiving party will be required to promptly forward that Certificateholder Repurchase Request to the special servicer, and the special servicer will be required to promptly forward it to the applicable mortgage loan seller and each other party to the PSA. An “Initial Requesting Certificateholder” is the first Certificateholder or Certificate Owner (in either case, other than a holder of the RRI Interest) to deliver a Certificateholder Repurchase Request as described above with respect to a Mortgage Loan, and there may not be more than one Initial Requesting Certificateholder with respect to any Mortgage Loan. Subject to the provisions described below under this heading “—Dispute Resolution Provisions”, the special servicer (the “Enforcing Servicer”) will be the Enforcing Party with respect to the Certificateholder Repurchase Request.
An “Enforcing Party” is the person obligated to or that elects pursuant to the terms of the PSA to enforce the rights of the issuing entity against the related mortgage loan seller with respect to a Repurchase Request.
Repurchase Request Delivered by a Party to the PSA
In the event that the depositor, the master servicer, the special servicer, the trustee, the certificate administrator, the operating advisor (solely in its capacity as operating advisor) or the Directing Certificateholder identifies a Material Defect with respect to a Mortgage Loan, that party will be required to deliver prompt written notice of such Material Defect to each other party to the PSA and the applicable mortgage loan seller, identifying the applicable Mortgage Loan and setting forth the basis for such allegation (a “PSA Party Repurchase Request” and, each of a Certificateholder Repurchase Request or a PSA Party Repurchase Request, a “Repurchase Request”), and the Enforcing Servicer will be required to promptly send the PSA Party Repurchase Request to the related mortgage loan seller. The Enforcing Servicer will be required to act as the Enforcing Party and enforce the rights of the issuing entity against the related mortgage loan seller with respect to the PSA Party Repurchase Request. However, if a Resolution Failure occurs with respect to the PSA Party Repurchase Request, the provisions described below under “—Resolution of a Repurchase Request” will apply.
In the event the Repurchase Request is not Resolved within 180 days after the mortgage loan seller receives the Repurchase Request (a “Resolution Failure”), then the provisions described below under “—Resolution of a Repurchase Request” will apply. Receipt of the Repurchase Request will be deemed to occur 2 business days after the Repurchase Request is sent to the related mortgage loan seller. A Resolved Repurchase Request will not preclude the master servicer (in the case of non-Specially Serviced Loans) or the special servicer (in the case of Specially Serviced Loans) from exercising any of their respective
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rights related to a Material Defect in the manner and timing otherwise set forth in the PSA, in the related MLPA or as provided by law. “Resolved” means, with respect to a Repurchase Request, (i) that the related Material Defect has been cured, (ii) the related Mortgage Loan has been repurchased in accordance with the related MLPA, (iii) a mortgage loan has been substituted for the related Mortgage Loan in accordance with the related MLPA, (iv) the applicable mortgage loan seller has made a Loss of Value Payment, (v) a contractually binding agreement is entered into between the Enforcing Servicer, on behalf of the issuing entity, and the related mortgage loan seller that settles the related mortgage loan seller’s obligations under the related MLPA or (vi) the related Mortgage Loan is no longer property of the issuing entity as a result of a sale or other disposition in accordance with the PSA.
Resolution of a Repurchase Request
After a Resolution Failure occurs with respect to a Repurchase Request regarding a Mortgage Loan (whether the Repurchase Request was initiated by an Initial Requesting Certificateholder, a party to the PSA or the Directing Certificateholder), the Enforcing Servicer will be required to send a notice (a “Proposed Course of Action Notice”) to the Initial Requesting Certificateholder, if any, to the address specified in the Initial Requesting Certificateholder’s Repurchase Request, and to the certificate administrator who will make such notice available to all other Certificateholders and Certificate Owners (by posting such notice on the certificate administrator’s website) indicating the Enforcing Servicer’s intended course of action with respect to the Repurchase Request (a “Proposed Course of Action”). Such notice will be required to include a request to Certificateholders to indicate their agreement with or dissent from such Proposed Course of Action, as well as notice that in the event any Certificateholder disagrees with the Proposed Course of Action, the Enforcing Servicer will be compelled to follow (either as the Enforcing Party or as the Enforcing Servicer in circumstances where a Certificateholder is acting as the Enforcing Party) the course of action agreed to and/or proposed by the majority of the responding Certificateholders that involves referring the matter to mediation or arbitration, as the case may be. If (a) the Enforcing Servicer’s intended course of action with respect to the Repurchase Request does not involve pursuing further action to exercise rights against the related mortgage loan seller with respect to the Repurchase Request and the Initial Requesting Certificateholder, if any, or any other Certificateholder or Certificate Owner wishes to exercise its right to refer the matter to mediation (including nonbinding arbitration) or arbitration, as discussed below under “—Mediation and Arbitration Provisions”, or (b) the Enforcing Servicer’s intended course of action is to pursue further action to exercise rights against the related mortgage loan seller with respect to the Repurchase Request but the Initial Requesting Certificateholder, if any, or any other Certificateholder or Certificate Owner does not agree with the dispute resolution method selected by the Enforcing Servicer, then the Initial Requesting Certificateholder, if any, or such other Certificateholder or Certificate Owner may deliver to the Enforcing Servicer a written notice (a “Preliminary Dispute Resolution Election Notice”) within 30 days from the date the Proposed Course of Action Notice is posted on the certificate administrator’s website (the “Dispute Resolution Cut-off Date”) indicating its intent to exercise its right to refer the matter to either mediation or arbitration. In the event any Certificateholder or Certificate Owner delivers a Preliminary Dispute Resolution Election Notice, and the Enforcing Servicer has also received responses from other Certificateholders or Certificate Owners supporting the Enforcing Servicer’s initial Proposed Course of Action, such responses will be considered Preliminary Dispute Resolution Election Notices supporting the Proposed Course of Action.
If neither the Initial Requesting Certificateholder, if any, nor any other Certificateholder or Certificate Owner entitled to do so delivers a Preliminary Dispute Resolution Election
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Notice prior to the Dispute Resolution Cut-off Date, no Certificateholder or Certificate Owner otherwise entitled to do so will have the right to refer the Repurchase Request to mediation or arbitration, and the Enforcing Servicer, as the Enforcing Party, will be the sole party entitled to determine a course of action, including, but not limited to, enforcing the issuing entity’s rights against the related mortgage loan seller, subject to any consent or consultation rights of the Directing Certificateholder.
Promptly and in any event within 10 business days following receipt of a Preliminary Dispute Resolution Election Notice from (i) the Initial Requesting Certificateholder, if any, or (ii) any other Certificateholder or Certificate Owner (other than of the RRI Interest) (each of clauses (i) and (ii), a “Requesting Certificateholder”), the Enforcing Servicer will be required to consult with each Requesting Certificateholder regarding such Requesting Certificateholder’s intention to elect either mediation (including nonbinding arbitration) or arbitration as the dispute resolution method with respect to the Repurchase Request (the “Dispute Resolution Consultation”) so that such Requesting Certificateholder may consider the views of the Enforcing Servicer as to the claims underlying the Repurchase Request and possible dispute resolution methods, such discussions to occur and be completed no later than 10 business days following the Dispute Resolution Cut-off Date. The Enforcing Servicer will be entitled to establish procedures the Enforcing Servicer deems in good faith to be appropriate relating to the timing and extent of such consultations. No later than 5 business days after completion of the Dispute Resolution Consultation, a Requesting Certificateholder may provide a final notice to the Enforcing Servicer indicating its decision to exercise its right to refer the matter to either mediation or arbitration (“Final Dispute Resolution Election Notice”).
If, following the Dispute Resolution Consultation, no Requesting Certificateholder timely delivers a Final Dispute Resolution Election Notice to the Enforcing Servicer, then the Enforcing Servicer will continue to act as the Enforcing Party and remain obligated under the PSA to determine a course of action, including, but not limited to, enforcing the rights of the issuing entity with respect to the Repurchase Request and no Certificateholder or Certificate Owner will have any further right to elect to refer the matter to mediation or arbitration.
If a Requesting Certificateholder timely delivers a Final Dispute Resolution Election Notice to the Enforcing Servicer, then such Requesting Certificateholder will become the Enforcing Party and must promptly submit the matter to mediation (including nonbinding arbitration) or arbitration. If there are more than one Requesting Certificateholder that timely deliver a Final Dispute Resolution Election Notice, then such Requesting Certificateholders will collectively become the Enforcing Party, and the holder or holders of a majority of the Voting Rights among such Requesting Certificateholders will be entitled to make all decisions relating to such mediation or arbitration. If, however, no Requesting Certificateholder commences arbitration or mediation pursuant to the terms of the PSA within 30 days after delivery of its Final Dispute Resolution Election Notice to the Enforcing Servicer, then (i) the rights of a Requesting Certificateholder to act as the Enforcing Party will terminate and no Certificateholder or Certificate Owner will have any further right to elect to refer the matter to mediation or arbitration, (ii) if the Proposed Course of Action Notice indicated that the Enforcing Servicer will take no further action with respect to the Repurchase Request, then the related Material Defect will be deemed waived for all purposes under the PSA and related MLPA; provided, however, that such Material Defect will not be deemed waived with respect to a Requesting Certificateholder, any other Certificateholder or Certificate Owner or the Enforcing Servicer to the extent there is a material change in the facts and circumstances known to such party at the time when the Proposed Course of Action Notice was delivered to the Enforcing Servicer and (iii) if the Proposed Course of Action Notice had indicated a course of action other than the course of
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action under clause (ii), then the special servicer will again become the Enforcing Party and, as such, will be the sole party entitled to enforce the issuing entity’s rights against the related mortgage loan seller.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the dispute resolution provisions described under this heading “—Resolution of a Repurchase Request” will not apply, and the Enforcing Servicer will remain the Enforcing Party, if the Enforcing Servicer has commenced litigation with respect to the Repurchase Request, or determines in accordance with the Servicing Standard that it is in the best interest of Certificateholders to commence litigation with respect to the Repurchase Request to avoid the running of any applicable statute of limitations.
In the event a Requesting Certificateholder becomes the Enforcing Party, the Enforcing Servicer, on behalf of the issuing entity, will remain a party to any proceedings against the related mortgage loan seller as further described below. For the avoidance of doubt, the depositor, the mortgage loan sellers and any of their respective affiliates will not be entitled to be an Initial Requesting Certificateholder or a Requesting Certificateholder.
The Requesting Certificateholder is entitled to elect either mediation or arbitration in its sole discretion; however, the Requesting Certificateholder may not elect to then utilize the alternative method in the event that the initial method is unsuccessful.
Mediation and Arbitration Provisions
If the Enforcing Party elects mediation (including nonbinding arbitration) or arbitration, the mediation or arbitration will be administered by a nationally recognized arbitration or mediation organization selected by the related mortgage loan seller. A single mediator or arbitrator will be selected by the mediation or arbitration organization from a list of neutrals maintained by it according to its mediation or arbitration rules then in effect. The mediator or arbitrator must be impartial, an attorney admitted to practice in the State of New York and have at least 15 years of experience in commercial litigation and, if possible, commercial real estate finance or commercial mortgage-backed securitization matters.
The expenses of any mediation will be allocated among the parties to the mediation, including, if applicable, between the Enforcing Party and Enforcing Servicer, as mutually agreed by the parties as part of the mediation.
In any arbitration, the arbitrator will be required to resolve the dispute in accordance with the MLPA and PSA, and may not modify or change those agreements in any way or award remedies not consistent with those agreements. The arbitrator will not have the power to award punitive or consequential damages. In its final determination, the arbitrator will determine and award the costs of the arbitration to the parties to the arbitration in its reasonable discretion. In the event a Requesting Certificateholder is the Enforcing Party, the Requesting Certificateholder will be required to pay any expenses allocated to the Enforcing Party in the arbitration proceedings or any expenses that the Enforcing Party agrees to bear in the mediation proceedings.
The final determination of the arbitrator will be final and non-appealable, except for actions to confirm or vacate the determination permitted under federal or state law, and may be entered and enforced in any court with jurisdiction over the parties and the matter. By selecting arbitration, the Enforcing Party would be waiving its right to sue in court, including the right to a trial by jury.
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In the event a Requesting Certificateholder is the Enforcing Party, the agreement with the arbitrator or mediator, as the case may be, will be required under the PSA to contain an acknowledgment that the issuing entity, or the Enforcing Servicer on its behalf, will be a party to any arbitration or mediation proceedings solely for the purpose of being the beneficiary of any award in favor of the Enforcing Party; provided that the degree and extent to which the Enforcing Servicer actively prepares for and participates in such proceeding will be determined by such Enforcing Servicer in consultation with the Directing Certificateholder (provided that no Consultation Termination Event has occurred and is continuing), and in accordance with the Servicing Standard. All amounts recovered by the Enforcing Party will be required to be paid to the issuing entity, or the Enforcing Servicer on its behalf, and deposited in the Collection Account. The agreement with the arbitrator or mediator, as the case may be, will provide that in the event a Requesting Certificateholder is allocated any related costs and expenses pursuant to the terms of the arbitrator’s decision or the agreement reached in mediation, neither the issuing entity nor the Enforcing Servicer acting on its behalf will be responsible for any such costs and expenses allocated to the Requesting Certificateholder.
The issuing entity (or the Enforcing Servicer or the trustee, acting on its behalf), the depositor or any mortgage loan seller will be permitted to redact any personally identifiable customer information included in any information provided for purposes of any mediation or arbitration. Each party to the proceedings will be required to agree to keep confidential the details related to the Repurchase Request and the dispute resolution identified in connection with such proceedings; provided, however, that the Certificateholders will be permitted to communicate prior to the commencement of any such proceedings to the extent described under “Description of the Certificates—Certificateholder Communication”.
For avoidance of doubt, in no event will the exercise of any right of a Requesting Certificateholder to refer a Repurchase Request to mediation or arbitration or participation in such mediation or arbitration affect in any manner the ability of the special servicer to perform its obligations with respect to a Specially Serviced Loan (including without limitation, a liquidation, foreclosure, negotiation of a loan modification or workout, acceptance of a discounted pay off or deed-in-lieu of foreclosure, or bankruptcy or other litigation) or the exercise of any rights of a Directing Certificateholder.
Any out-of-pocket expenses required to be borne by the Enforcing Servicer in a mediation or arbitration will be reimbursable as trust fund expenses.
Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan
The master servicer, the special servicer, the certificate administrator and the trustee under the PSA have no obligation or authority to (a) supervise any related Non-Serviced Master Servicer, Non-Serviced Special Servicer, Non-Serviced Certificate Administrator or Non-Serviced Trustee or (b) make servicing advances with respect to any Non-Serviced Whole Loan. The obligation of the master servicer to provide information and collections and make P&I Advances to the certificate administrator for the benefit of the Certificateholders with respect to each Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan is dependent on its receipt of the corresponding information and/or collections from the applicable Non-Serviced Master Servicer or Non-Serviced Special Servicer.
Servicing of The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan
The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan, together with The Shops at Crystals Companion Loans, and any related REO Property, are serviced under The Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement.
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The servicing arrangements under the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement are generally similar to, but may differ in certain respects from, the servicing arrangements under the PSA. The Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement contains terms and conditions that are customary for securitization transactions involving assets similar to The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan and that are otherwise (i) required by the Code relating to the tax elections of the Trust and the trust funds for The Shops at Crystals Companion Loans, (ii) required by law or changes in any law, rule or regulation or (iii) generally required by the rating agencies in connection with the issuance of ratings in securitizations similar to this securitization as well as the securitizations related to The Shops at Crystals Companion Loans. Such terms include, without limitation:
· | The Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Master Servicer earns a servicing fee with respect to The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan that is to be calculated at 0.00250% per annum. |
· | Upon The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan becoming a specially serviced loan under the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement, the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Special Servicer will earn a special servicing fee payable monthly with respect to The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan accruing at a rate equal to 0.25% per annum, until such time as The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan is no longer specially serviced. |
· | The Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Special Servicer will be entitled to a workout fee equal to 0.50% of each payment of principal and interest (other than default interest) made by the related borrower after any workout of The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan. The workout fee is generally calculated in a manner similar, but not necessarily identical, to the corresponding fee under the PSA, but is not subject to any cap or minimum fee. |
· | The Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Special Servicer will be entitled to a liquidation fee equal to 0.50% of net liquidation proceeds received in connection with the liquidation of The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan or the related mortgaged property. The liquidation fee is generally calculated in a manner similar, but not necessarily identical, to the corresponding fee under the PSA, but is not subject to any cap or minimum fee. |
· | The Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Master Servicer or Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trustee, as applicable, are each required to make advances of principal and interest and advances of certain administrative expenses with respect to The Shops at Crystals Companion Loans (but not with respect to The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan or any of The Shops at Crystals Companion Loans not included in the securitization relating to The Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement), unless the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Master Servicer or Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trustee, as applicable, has determined that any such advance and interest thereon would not be recoverable from collections on The Shops at Crystals Companion Loans included in the securitization relating to The Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement. Reimbursement of such amounts and interest thereon are payable only from proceeds of The Shops at Crystals Companion Loans included in the securitization relating to The Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement as described in “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans—The Non-Serviced Whole Loan—The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan.” |
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· | The Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Master Servicer or Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trustee, as applicable, is each obligated to make property protection advances with respect to The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan, unless a determination is made by the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Master Servicer or Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trustee, as applicable, that any such advance and interest thereon would not be recoverable from collections on The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan. Servicing advances with respect to The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan are reimbursable out of related collections, together with interest thereon at a prime rate. If the Shops at Crystals Master Servicer determines that a servicing advance made with respect to The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan or the related Mortgaged Property is nonrecoverable, such servicing advance will be reimbursed in full from any collections on The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan before any allocation or distribution is made in respect of the principal and interest payments on The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan. In the event that collections received after the final liquidation of The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan or the related Mortgaged Property are not sufficient to reimburse such servicing advances in full or pay other fees and trust fund expenses in full, the trust for this securitization will be required to pay its pro rata share of such fees and expenses. |
· | Amounts payable with respect to The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan that are the equivalent of ancillary fees, penalty charges, assumption fees and/or modification fees and that are allocated as additional servicing compensation under the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement may be allocated between the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Master Servicer and the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Special Servicer in proportions that are different from the proportions of similar fees allocated between the master servicer and the special servicer with respect to Mortgage Loans serviced under the PSA. |
· | The Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Special Servicer will be required to take actions with respect to The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan if it becomes a defaulted loan, which actions are similar, but not necessarily identical, to the actions described under “—Sale of Defaulted Loans and REO Properties” in this prospectus. |
· | With respect to The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan, the servicing provisions relating to performing inspections and collecting operating information are similar, but not necessarily identical, to those of the PSA. |
· | The Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Master Servicer and the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Special Servicer (a) have rights related to resignation similar to those of the master servicer and the special servicer under the PSA and (b) are subject to servicer termination events similar, but not necessarily identical, to those in the PSA. |
· | Penalty charges with respect to The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan will be allocated in accordance with the related Intercreditor Agreement as described under “—The Whole Loans—The Non-Serviced Whole Loan—The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan” in this prospectus. |
· | The servicing transfer events of the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement that would cause The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan to become specially serviced are similar, but not necessarily identical, to those of the PSA. |
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· | The specific types of actions constituting major decisions under the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement may differ in certain respects from those actions that constitute Major Decisions under the PSA, and, therefore, the specific types of servicer actions with respect to which the applicable Non-Serviced Directing Certificateholder will be permitted to consent will correspondingly differ. |
· | The liability of the parties to the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement will be limited in a manner similar, but not necessarily identical, to the liability of the parties to the PSA. |
· | Collections on The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan are required, within one (1) business day following receipt of properly identified funds by the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Master Servicer to be deposited and maintained in a separate account in the name of the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Master Servicer for the benefit of the holders of The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan until transferred (after payment of certain amounts under the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement) on a monthly basis prior to the Distribution Date to the Collection Account by the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Master Servicer for distribution in accordance with the PSA. |
· | The Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement may differ from the PSA in certain respects relating to one or more of the following: timing, control or consultation triggers or thresholds, terminology, allocation of ministerial duties between multiple servicers or other service providers, certificateholder or investor voting or consent thresholds, master servicer and special servicer termination events and the circumstances under which approvals, consents, consultation, notices or rating agency confirmations may be required. |
· | There is no operating advisor or equivalent party (and therefore no operating advisor fee) with respect to the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Mortgage Trust. |
· | The Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement does not provide for any asset representations review procedures or for any dispute resolution procedures similar to those described under “—Dispute Resolution Provisions”. There is no asset representations reviewer (or equivalent party) with respect to the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Mortgage Trust. |
· | The Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement does not require the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Master Servicer to make the equivalent of compensating interest payments in respect of the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Whole Loan. |
The Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Special Servicer and the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Master Servicer may be removed as described under “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans—The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan—Special Servicer Appointment Rights” in this prospectus.
The Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL depositor, the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Master Servicer, the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Special Servicer, the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL certificate administrator, the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL trustee and various related persons and entities will be entitled to be indemnified by the issuing entity (as and to the same extent the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Mortgage Trust is required to indemnify such parties pursuant to the terms of the Shops at Crystals
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Trust 2016-CSTL Agreement) for certain losses and liabilities incurred by any such party in accordance with the terms and conditions of the related Intercreditor Agreement and the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement. To the extent funds on collections from The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan are insufficient to satisfy such indemnification obligations, the issuing entity will be required to reimburse the applicable indemnified parties for its pro rata share of the insufficiency, including from general collections on deposit in the Collection Account.
See also “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans—The Non-Serviced Whole Loan—The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan” in this prospectus.
Rating Agency Confirmations
The PSA will provide that, notwithstanding the terms of the related Mortgage Loan documents or other provisions of the PSA, if any action under such Mortgage Loan documents or the PSA requires a Rating Agency Confirmation from each of the Rating Agencies as a condition precedent to such action, if the party (the “Requesting Party”) required to obtain such Rating Agency Confirmations has made a request to any Rating Agency for such Rating Agency Confirmation and, within 10 business days of such request being posted to the 17g-5 Information Provider’s website, such Rating Agency has not replied to such request or has responded in a manner that indicates that such Rating Agency is neither reviewing such request nor waiving the requirement for Rating Agency Confirmation, then such Requesting Party will be required to confirm (through direct communication and not by posting any confirmation on the 17g-5 Information Provider’s website) that the applicable Rating Agency has received the Rating Agency Confirmation request, and, if it has, promptly request the related Rating Agency Confirmation again. The circumstances described in the preceding sentence are referred to in this prospectus as a “RAC No-Response Scenario”.
If there is no response to either such Rating Agency Confirmation request within 5 business days of such second request in a RAC No-Response Scenario or if such Rating Agency has responded in a manner that indicates such Rating Agency is neither reviewing such request nor waiving the requirement for Rating Agency Confirmation, then (x) with respect to any condition in any Mortgage Loan document requiring such Rating Agency Confirmation, or with respect to any other matter under the PSA relating to the servicing of the Mortgage Loans (other than as set forth in clause (y) below), the requirement to obtain a Rating Agency Confirmation will be deemed not to apply (as if such requirement did not exist) with respect to such Rating Agency, and the master servicer or the special servicer, as the case may be, may then take such action if the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, confirms its original determination (made prior to making such request) that taking the action with respect to which it requested the Rating Agency Confirmation would still be consistent with the Servicing Standard, and (y) with respect to a replacement of the master servicer or special servicer, such condition will be deemed not to apply (as if such requirement did not exist) if (i) it has been appointed and currently serves as the master servicer or special servicer on a transaction-level basis on a transaction currently rated by Moody’s that currently has securities outstanding and for which Moody’s has not cited servicing concerns of the applicable replacement as the sole or a material factor in any qualification, downgrade or withdrawal of the ratings (or placement on “watch status” in contemplation of a ratings downgrade or withdrawal) of securities in a commercial mortgage-backed securitization transaction serviced by the applicable replacement master servicer or special servicer prior to the time of determination, if Moody’s is the non-responding Rating Agency, (ii) the replacement master servicer or special servicer is on S&P’s Select Servicer List as a U.S. Commercial Mortgage Master Servicer or U.S.
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Commercial Mortgage Special Servicer, as applicable, if S&P is the non-responding Rating Agency, (iii) the replacement master servicer or special servicer is rated at least “CMS3” (in the case of the master servicer) or “CSS3” (in the case of the special servicer), if Fitch is the non-responding Rating Agency or (iv) KBRA has not cited servicing concerns with respect to the replacement master servicer or special servicer as the sole or material factor in any qualification, downgrade or withdrawal of the ratings (or placement on “watch status” in contemplation of a ratings downgrade or withdrawal) of securities in a commercial mortgage backed securitization transaction serviced by the applicable master servicer or special servicer prior to the time of determination, if KBRA is the non-responding Rating Agency. Promptly following the master servicer’s or special servicer’s determination to take any action discussed above following any requirement to obtain Rating Agency Confirmation being deemed not to apply (as if such requirement did not exist) as described in clause (x) above, the master servicer or special servicer will be required to provide electronic written notice to the 17g-5 Information Provider, who will promptly post such notice to the 17g-5 Information Provider’s website pursuant to the PSA, of the action taken.
For all other matters or actions not specifically discussed above, the applicable Requesting Party will be required to obtain a Rating Agency Confirmation from each of the Rating Agencies. In the event an action otherwise requires a Rating Agency Confirmation from each of the Rating Agencies, in absence of such Rating Agency Confirmation, we cannot assure you that any Rating Agency will not downgrade, qualify or withdraw its ratings as a result of any such action taken by the master servicer or the special servicer in accordance with the procedures discussed above.
As used above, “Rating Agency Confirmation” means, with respect to any matter, confirmation in writing (which may be in electronic form) by each applicable Rating Agency that a proposed action, failure to act or other event specified in this prospectus will not, in and of itself, result in the downgrade, withdrawal or qualification of the then-current rating assigned to any class of certificates (if then rated by the Rating Agency); provided that a written waiver or acknowledgment from the Rating Agency indicating its decision not to review the matter for which the Rating Agency Confirmation is sought will be deemed to satisfy the requirement for the Rating Agency Confirmation from the Rating Agency with respect to such matter. The “Rating Agencies” mean Fitch Ratings, Inc. (“Fitch”), Kroll Bond Rating Agency, Inc. (“KBRA”), Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) and S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”).
Any Rating Agency Confirmation requests made by the master servicer, the special servicer, the certificate administrator, or the trustee, as applicable, pursuant to the PSA, will be required to be made in writing, which writing must contain a cover page indicating the nature of the Rating Agency Confirmation request, and must contain all back-up material necessary for the Rating Agency to process such request. Such written Rating Agency Confirmation requests must be provided in electronic format to the 17g-5 Information Provider (who will be required to post such request on the 17g-5 Information Provider’s website in accordance with the PSA).
The master servicer, the special servicer, the certificate administrator and the trustee will be permitted (but not obligated) to orally communicate with the Rating Agencies regarding any of the Mortgage Loan documents or any matter related to the Mortgage Loans, the related Mortgaged Properties, the related borrowers or any other matters relating to the PSA or any related Intercreditor Agreement; provided that such party summarizes the information provided to the Rating Agencies in such communication in writing and provides the 17g-5 Information Provider with such written summary the same day such communication takes place; provided, further, that the summary of such oral communications will not identify with which Rating Agency the communication was. The
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17g-5 Information Provider will be required to post such written summary on the 17g-5 Information Provider’s website in accordance with the provisions of the PSA. All other information required to be delivered to the Rating Agencies pursuant to the PSA or requested by the Rating Agencies, will first be provided in electronic format to the 17g-5 Information Provider, who will be required to post such information to the 17g-5 Information Provider’s website in accordance with the PSA.
The PSA will provide that the PSA may be amended to change the procedures regarding compliance with Rule 17g-5 without any Certificateholder consent; provided that notice of any such amendment must be provided to the 17g-5 Information Provider (who will post such notice to the 17g-5 Information Provider’s website) and to the certificate administrator (which will post such report to the certificate administrator’s website).
To the extent required under the PSA, in the event a rating agency confirmation is required by the applicable rating agencies that any action under any Mortgage Loan documents or the PSA will not result in the downgrade, withdrawal or qualification of any such rating agency’s then-current ratings of any Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan Securities, then such rating agency confirmation may be considered satisfied in the same manner as described above with respect to any Rating Agency Confirmation from a Rating Agency.
Evidence as to Compliance
The master servicer, the special servicer (regardless of whether the special servicer has commenced special servicing of a Mortgage Loan), the custodian, the trustee (provided, however, that the trustee will not be required to deliver an assessment of compliance with respect to any period during which there was no relevant servicing criteria applicable to it) and the certificate administrator will be required to furnish (and each such party will be required, with respect to each servicing function participant with which it has entered into a servicing relationship with respect to the Mortgage Loans, to cause (or, in the case of a sub-servicer that is also a servicing function participant that a mortgage loan seller requires the master servicer to retain, to use commercially reasonable efforts to cause) such servicing function participant to furnish), to the depositor, the certificate administrator, the trustee and the 17g-5 Information Provider, an officer’s certificate of the officer responsible for the servicing activities of such party stating, among other things, that (i) a review of that party’s activities during the preceding calendar year or portion of that year and of performance under the PSA or any sub-servicing agreement in the case of an additional master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, has been made under such officer’s supervision and (ii) to the best of such officer’s knowledge, based on the review, such party has fulfilled all of its obligations under the PSA or the sub-servicing agreement in the case of an additional master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, in all material respects throughout the preceding calendar year or portion of such year, or, if there has been a failure to fulfill any such obligation in any material respect, specifying each such failure known to such officer and the nature and status of the failure.
In addition, the master servicer, the special servicer (regardless of whether the special servicer has commenced special servicing of any Mortgage Loan), the trustee (but only if an advance was made by the trustee in the calendar year), the custodian, the certificate administrator and the operating advisor, each at its own expense, will be required to furnish (and each such party will be required, with respect to each servicing function participant with which it has entered into a servicing relationship with respect to the Mortgage Loans, to cause (or, in the case of a sub-servicer that is also a servicing function participant that a mortgage loan seller requires the master servicer to retain, to use commercially reasonable efforts to cause) such servicing function participant to furnish) to the trustee, the certificate
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administrator, the 17g-5 Information Provider and the depositor (and, with respect to the special servicer, also to the operating advisor) a report (an “Assessment of Compliance”) assessing compliance by that party with the servicing criteria set forth in Item 1122(d) of Regulation AB (as described below) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) that contains the following:
· | a statement of the party’s responsibility for assessing compliance with the servicing criteria set forth in Item 1122 of Regulation AB applicable to it; |
· | a statement that the party used the criteria in Item 1122(d) of Regulation AB to assess compliance with the applicable servicing criteria; |
· | the party’s assessment of compliance with the applicable servicing criteria during and as of the end of the fiscal year, covered by the Form 10-K required to be filed pursuant to the PSA setting forth any material instance of noncompliance identified by the party, a discussion of each such failure and the nature and status of such failure; and |
· | a statement that a registered public accounting firm has issued an attestation report (an “Attestation Report”) on the party’s assessment of compliance with the applicable servicing criteria during and as of the end of the prior fiscal year. |
Each party that is required to deliver an Assessment of Compliance will also be required to simultaneously deliver an Attestation Report of a registered public accounting firm, prepared in accordance with the standards for attestation engagements issued or adopted by the public company accounting oversight board, that expresses an opinion, or states that an opinion cannot be expressed (and the reasons for this), concerning the party’s assessment of compliance with the applicable servicing criteria set forth in Item 1122(d) of Regulation AB.
With respect to each Non-Serviced Whole Loan, each of the Non-Serviced Master Servicer, the Non-Serviced Special Servicer, the Non-Serviced Trustee and the Non-Serviced Certificate Administrator will have obligations under the related Non-Serviced PSA similar to those described above.
“Regulation AB” means subpart 229.1100 – Asset Backed Securities (Regulation AB), 17 C.F.R. §§229.1100–229.1125, as such may be amended from time to time, and subject to such clarification and interpretation as have been provided by the SEC or by the staff of the SEC, or as may be provided by the SEC or its staff from time to time.
Limitation on Rights of Certificateholders to Institute a Proceeding
Other than with respect to any rights to deliver a Certificateholder Repurchase Request and exercise the rights described under “—Dispute Resolution Provisions”, no Certificateholder will have any right under the PSA to institute any proceeding with respect to the PSA or with respect to the certificates, unless the holder previously has given to the trustee and the certificate administrator written notice of default and the continuance of the default and unless (except in the case of a default by the trustee) the holders of certificates of any class evidencing not less than 25% of the aggregate Percentage Interests constituting the class have made written request upon the trustee to institute a proceeding in its own name (as trustee) and have offered to the trustee reasonable indemnity satisfactory to it, and the trustee for 60 days after receipt of the request and indemnity has neglected or refused to institute the proceeding. However, the trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of the trusts or powers vested in it by the PSA or the certificates
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or to institute, conduct or defend any related litigation at the request, order or direction of any of the Certificateholders, unless the Certificateholders have offered to the trustee reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that may be incurred as a result.
Each Certificateholder will be deemed under the PSA to have expressly covenanted with every other Certificateholder and the trustee, that no one or more Certificateholders will have any right in any manner whatsoever by virtue of any provision of the PSA or the certificates to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of the holders of any other certificates, or to obtain or seek to obtain priority over or preference to any other Certificateholder, or to enforce any right under the PSA or the certificates, except in the manner provided in the PSA or the certificates and for the equal, ratable and common benefit of all Certificateholders.
Termination; Retirement of Certificates
The obligations created by the PSA will terminate upon payment (or provision for payment) to all Certificateholders of all amounts held by the certificate administrator on behalf of the trustee and required to be paid on the Distribution Date following the earlier of (1) the final payment (or related Advance) or other liquidation of the last Mortgage Loan and REO Property (as applicable) subject to the PSA, (2) the voluntary exchange of all the then-outstanding Non-Retained Certificates (other than the Class V and Class R certificates) and the payment or deemed payment by such exchanging party of the Termination Purchase Amount for the Mortgage Loans and REO Properties remaining in the issuing entity, of which (a) an amount equal to the product of (i) the Required Credit Risk Retention Percentage and (ii) the Termination Purchase Amount will be paid to the holders of the RRI Interest in exchange for the surrender of the RRI Interest, and (b) an amount equal to the product of (i) the Non-Retained Percentage and (ii) the Termination Purchase Amount will be deemed paid to the issuing entity and deemed distributed to the holder or holders described in clause (B) below in exchange for the then-outstanding Non-Retained Certificates (provided, however, that (A) the aggregate certificate balance of the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3, Class A-SB, Class A-S, Class B, Class C, Class D and Class E certificates is reduced to zero, (B) there is only one holder (or multiple holders acting unanimously) of the then-outstanding Non-Retained Certificates (other than the Class V and Class R certificates) and (C) the master servicer consents to the exchange) or (3) the purchase or other liquidation of all of the assets of the issuing entity as described below by the holders of the Controlling Class, the special servicer, the master servicer or the holders of the Class R certificates, in that order of priority. Written notice of termination of the PSA will be given by the certificate administrator to each Certificateholder, each holder of a Serviced Companion Loan and the 17g-5 Information Provider (who will promptly post such notice to the 17g-5 Information Provider’s website). The final distribution will be made only upon surrender and cancellation of the certificates at the office of the certificate registrar or other location specified in the notice of termination.
The “Termination Purchase Amount” will equal the sum of (1) the aggregate Purchase Price of all the Mortgage Loans (exclusive of REO Loans) then included in the issuing entity, (2) the appraised value of the issuing entity’s portion of all REO Properties then included in the issuing entity (which fair market value for any REO Property may be less than the Purchase Price for the corresponding REO Loan), as determined by an appraiser selected by the special servicer and approved by the master servicer and the Controlling Class and (3) if the Mortgaged Property secures a Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan and is an REO Property under the terms of the related Non-Serviced PSA, the pro rata portion of the fair
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market value of the related property, as determined by the related Non-Serviced Master Servicer in accordance with clauses (2) and (3) above.
The holders of the Controlling Class, the special servicer, the master servicer and the holders of the Class R certificates (in that order) will have the right to purchase all of the assets of the issuing entity. This purchase of all the Mortgage Loans and other assets in the issuing entity is required to be made at a price equal to (a) the Termination Purchase Amount, plus (b) the reasonable out of pocket expenses of the master servicer related to such purchase, unless the master servicer is the purchaser and less (c) solely in the case where the master servicer is exercising such purchase right, the aggregate amount of unreimbursed Advances and unpaid Servicing Fees remaining outstanding and payable solely to the master servicer (which items will be deemed to have been paid or reimbursed to the master servicer in connection with such purchase). This purchase will effect early retirement of the then-outstanding certificates, but the rights of the holders of the Controlling Class, the special servicer, the master servicer or the holders of the Class R certificates to effect the termination is subject to the requirements that the then aggregate Stated Principal Balance of the pool of Mortgage Loans be less than (or in the case of clause (ii) below, less than or equal to) the greater of (i) 1.0% or (ii) if the Mortgage Loan identified on Annex A-1 as South Main Shopping Center is an asset of the trust fund, the sum of the outstanding principal balance of the Mortgage Loan identified on Annex A-1 as South Main Shopping Center on any date of determination and 1.0% of the Initial Pool Balance; provided, however, that this termination right will not be exercisable at the percentage threshold specified in clause (ii) above earlier than the Distribution Date in September 2026. The voluntary exchange of certificates (other than the Class V and Class R certificates and RRI Interest), for the remaining Mortgage Loans is not subject to the above described percentage limits but is limited to each such class of outstanding certificates being held by one Certificateholder (or group of Certificateholders acting unanimously) who must voluntarily participate.
On the applicable Distribution Date, the aggregate amount paid by the holders of the Controlling Class, the special servicer, the master servicer or the holders of the Class R certificates, as the case may be, for the Mortgage Loans and other applicable assets in the issuing entity, together with all other amounts on deposit in the Collection Account and not otherwise payable to a person other than the Certificateholders, will be applied generally as described above under “Description of the Certificates—Distributions—Priority of Distributions”.
Amendment
The PSA may be amended by the parties to the PSA, without the consent of any of the holders of certificates or holders of any Companion Loan:
(a) to correct any defect or ambiguity in the PSA in order to address any manifest error in any provision of the PSA;
(b) to cause the provisions in the PSA to conform or be consistent with or in furtherance of the statements made in the prospectus (or in an offering document for any related non-offered certificates) with respect to the certificates, the issuing entity or the PSA or to correct or supplement any of its provisions which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provisions in the PSA or to correct any error;
(c) to change the timing and/or nature of deposits in the Collection Account, the Distribution Accounts or any REO Account, provided that (A) the P&I Advance Date will in no event be later than the business day prior to the related Distribution Date and (B)
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the change would not adversely affect in any material respect the interests of any Certificateholder, as evidenced in writing by an opinion of counsel at the expense of the party requesting such amendment or as evidenced by a Rating Agency Confirmation from each of the Rating Agencies with respect to such amendment;
(d) to modify, eliminate or add to any of its provisions to the extent as will be necessary to maintain the qualification of any Trust REMIC as a REMIC or the Grantor Trust as a grantor trust under the relevant provisions of the Code at all times that any certificate is outstanding, or to avoid or minimize the risk of imposition of any tax on the issuing entity, any Trust REMIC or the Grantor Trust; provided that the trustee and the certificate administrator have received an opinion of counsel (at the expense of the party requesting the amendment) to the effect that (1) the action is necessary or desirable to maintain such qualification or to avoid or minimize the risk of imposition of any such tax and (2) the action will not adversely affect in any material respect the interests of any holder of the certificates (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any holder of the RRI Interest) or holder of a Companion Loan;
(e) to modify, eliminate or add to any of its provisions to restrict (or to remove any existing restrictions with respect to) the transfer of the Residual Certificates; provided that the depositor has determined that the amendment will not, as evidenced by an opinion of counsel, give rise to any tax with respect to the transfer of the Residual Certificates to a non-permitted transferee;
(f) to revise or add any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under the PSA or any other change, provided that the required action will not adversely affect in any material respect the interests of any Certificateholder (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any holder of the RRI Interest) or any holder of a Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan not consenting to such revision or addition, as evidenced in writing by an opinion of counsel at the expense of the party requesting such amendment or as evidenced by a Rating Agency Confirmation from each of the Rating Agencies with respect to such amendment or supplement and confirmation of the applicable rating agencies that such action will not result in the downgrade, withdrawal or qualification of its then-current ratings of any securities related to a Companion Loan, if any (provided that such rating agency confirmation may be considered satisfied in the same manner as any Rating Agency Confirmation may be considered satisfied with respect to the certificates as described in this prospectus);
(g) to amend or supplement any provision of the PSA to the extent necessary to maintain the then-current ratings assigned to each class of Offered Certificates by each Rating Agency, as evidenced by a Rating Agency Confirmation from each of the Rating Agencies and confirmation of the applicable rating agencies that such action will not result in the downgrade, withdrawal or qualification of its then-current ratings of any securities related to a Companion Loan, if any (provided that such rating agency confirmation may be considered satisfied in the same manner as any Rating Agency Confirmation may be considered satisfied with respect to the certificates as described in this prospectus); provided that such amendment or supplement would not adversely affect in any material respect the interests of any Certificateholder (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any holder of the RRI Interest) not consenting to such amendment or supplement, as evidenced by an opinion of counsel;
(h) to modify the provisions of the PSA with respect to reimbursement of Nonrecoverable Advances and Workout-Delayed Reimbursement Amounts if (a) the depositor, the master servicer, the trustee and, with respect to any Mortgage Loan other than an Excluded Loan as to the Directing Certificateholder or the holder of the majority
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of the Controlling Class and for so long as no Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing, the Directing Certificateholder, determine that the commercial mortgage-backed securities industry standard for such provisions has changed, in order to conform to such industry standard, (b) such modification does not adversely affect the status of any Trust REMIC as a REMIC or the status of the Grantor Trust as a grantor trust under the relevant provisions of the Code, as evidenced by an opinion of counsel and (c) a Rating Agency Confirmation from each Rating Agency and confirmation of the applicable rating agencies that such action will not result in the downgrade, withdrawal or qualification of its then-current ratings of any Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan Securities, if any (provided that such rating agency confirmation may be considered satisfied in the same manner as any Rating Agency Confirmation may be considered satisfied with respect to the certificates as described in this prospectus);
(i) to modify the procedures set forth in the PSA relating to compliance with Rule 17g-5, provided that the change would not adversely affect in any material respect the interests of any Certificateholder (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any holder of the RRI Interest), as evidenced by (A) an opinion of counsel or (B) if any certificate is then rated, receipt of Rating Agency Confirmation from each Rating Agency rating such certificates; and provided, further, that the certificate administrator must give notice of any such amendment to the 17g-5 Information Provider for posting on the 17g-5 Information Provider’s website and the certificate administration must post such notice to its website; or
(j) to modify, eliminate or add to any of its provisions to such extent as will be necessary to comply with the requirements for use of Form SF-3 in registered offerings to the extent provided in CFR 239.45(b)(1)(ii), (iii) or (iv).
The PSA may also be amended by the parties to the PSA with the consent of the holders of certificates of each class affected by such amendment evidencing, in each case, a majority of the aggregate Percentage Interests constituting the class for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of the PSA or of modifying in any manner the rights of the holders of the certificates, except that the amendment may not directly (1) reduce in any manner the amount of, or delay the timing of, payments received on the Mortgage Loans that are required to be distributed on a certificate of any class without the consent of the holder of such certificate or which are required to be distributed to a holder of a Companion Loan without the consent of such holder, (2) reduce the aforesaid percentage of certificates of any class the holders of which are required to consent to the amendment or remove the requirement to obtain consent of any holder of a Companion Loan, without the consent of the holders of all certificates of that class then-outstanding or such holder of the related Companion Loan, (3) adversely affect the Voting Rights of any class of certificates, without the consent of the holders of all certificates of that class then-outstanding, (4) change in any manner any defined term used in any MLPA or the obligations or rights of any mortgage loan seller under any MLPA or change any rights of any mortgage loan seller as third party beneficiary under the PSA without the consent of the related mortgage loan seller, or (5) amend the Servicing Standard without the consent of 100% of the holders of certificates or a Rating Agency Confirmation by each Rating Agency and confirmation of the applicable rating agencies that such action will not result in the downgrade, withdrawal or qualification of its then-current ratings of any securities related to a Companion Loan, if any (provided that such rating agency confirmation may be considered satisfied in the same manner as any Rating Agency Confirmation may be considered satisfied with respect to the certificates as described in this prospectus).
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Notwithstanding the foregoing, no amendment to the PSA may be made that changes in any manner the obligations or rights of any mortgage loan seller under any MLPA or the rights of any mortgage loan seller, including as a third party beneficiary, under the PSA, without the consent of such mortgage loan seller. In addition, no amendment to the PSA may be made that changes any provisions specifically required to be included in the PSA by the related Intercreditor Agreement or that otherwise materially and adversely affects the holder of a Companion Loan without the consent of the holder of the related Companion Loan.
Also, notwithstanding the foregoing, no party will be required to consent to any amendment to the PSA without the trustee, the certificate administrator, the master servicer, the special servicer, the asset representations reviewer and the operating advisor having first received an opinion of counsel (at the issuing entity’s expense) to the effect that the amendment does not conflict with the terms of the PSA, and that the amendment or the exercise of any power granted to the master servicer, the special servicer, the depositor, the certificate administrator, the trustee, the operating advisor, the asset representations reviewer or any other specified person in accordance with the amendment will not result in the imposition of a tax on any portion of the issuing entity or cause any Trust REMIC to fail to qualify as a REMIC or cause the Grantor Trust to fail to qualify as a grantor trust under the relevant provisions of the Code.
Resignation and Removal of the Trustee and the Certificate Administrator
Each of the trustee and the certificate administrator will at all times be, and will be required to resign if it fails to be, (i) a corporation, national bank, national banking association or a trust company, organized and doing business under the laws of any state or the United States of America, authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trust powers and to accept the trust conferred under the PSA, having a combined capital and surplus of at least $100,000,000 and subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authority and, in the case of the trustee, will not be an affiliate of the master servicer or special servicer (except during any period when the trustee is acting as, or has become successor to, the master servicer or special servicer, as the case may be), (ii) an institution insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, (iii) an institution whose long-term senior unsecured debt is rated at least “BBB+” by S&P, “A2” by Moody’s, “A-” by Fitch and, if rated by KBRA, “A” by KBRA; provided that the trustee will not become ineligible to serve based on a failure to satisfy such rating requirements as long as (a) its short-term debt obligations have a short-term rating of not less than “P-2” from Moody’s, “F1” by Fitch and “A-2” by S&P, (b) it maintains a long-term unsecured debt rating of no less than “Baa2” by Moody’s and (c) the master servicer maintains a long-term unsecured debt rating of at least “A2” by Moody’s and “A+” by Fitch; provided that nothing in this proviso will impose on the master servicer any obligation to maintain such rating.
The trustee and the certificate administrator will be also permitted at any time to resign from their obligations and duties under the PSA by giving written notice (which notice will be posted to the certificate administrator’s website pursuant to the PSA) to the depositor, the master servicer, the special servicer, the trustee or the certificate administrator, as applicable, all Certificateholders, the operating advisor, the asset representations reviewer and the 17g-5 Information Provider (who will promptly post such notice to the 17g-5 Information Provider’s website). Upon receiving this notice of resignation, the depositor will be required to use its reasonable best efforts to promptly appoint a successor trustee or certificate administrator acceptable to the master servicer and, prior to the occurrence and continuance of a Control Termination Event, the Directing Certificateholder. If no successor trustee or certificate administrator has accepted an appointment within 90 days after the
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giving of notice of resignation, the resigning trustee or certificate administrator, as applicable, may petition any court of competent jurisdiction to appoint a successor trustee or certificate administrator, as applicable, and such petition will be an expense of the issuing entity.
If at any time the trustee or certificate administrator ceases to be eligible to continue as trustee or certificate administrator, as applicable, under the PSA, and fails to resign after written request therefor by the depositor or the master servicer, or if at any time the trustee or certificate administrator becomes incapable of acting, or if certain events of, or proceedings in respect of, bankruptcy or insolvency occur with respect to the trustee or certificate administrator, or if the trustee or certificate administrator fails to timely publish any report to be delivered, published, or otherwise made available by the certificate administrator pursuant to the PSA, and such failure continues unremedied for a period of 5 days, or if the certificate administrator fails to make distributions required pursuant to the PSA, the depositor will be authorized to remove the trustee or certificate administrator, as applicable, and appoint a successor trustee or certificate administrator acceptable to the master servicer. If no successor trustee or certificate administrator has accepted an appointment within 90 days after the giving of notice of removal, the removed trustee or certificate administrator, as applicable, may petition any court of competent jurisdiction to appoint a successor trustee or certificate administrator, as applicable, and such petition will be an expense of the issuing entity.
In addition, holders of the certificates entitled to at least 75% of the Voting Rights may upon 30 days prior written notice, with or without cause, remove the trustee or certificate administrator under the PSA and appoint a successor trustee or certificate administrator. In the event that holders of the certificates entitled to at least 75% of the Voting Rights elect to remove the trustee or certificate administrator without cause and appoint a successor, the successor trustee or certificate administrator, as applicable, will be responsible for all expenses necessary to effect the transfer of responsibilities from its predecessor.
Any resignation or removal of the trustee or certificate administrator and appointment of a successor trustee or certificate administrator will not become effective until (i) acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee or certificate administrator, as applicable, and (ii) the certificate administrator files any required Form 8-K. Further, the resigning trustee or certificate administrator, as the case may be, must pay all costs and expenses associated with the transfer of its duties.
The PSA will prohibit the appointment of the asset representations reviewer or one of its affiliates as successor to the trustee or certificate administrator.
Governing Law; Waiver of Jury Trial; and Consent to Jurisdiction
The PSA will be governed by the laws of the State of New York. Each party to the PSA will waive its respective right to a jury trial for any claim or cause of action based upon or arising out of or related to the PSA or certificates. Additionally, each party to the PSA will consent to the jurisdiction of any New York State and Federal courts sitting in New York City with respect to matters arising out of or related to the PSA.
Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans
The following discussion contains general summaries of certain legal aspects of mortgage loans secured by commercial and multifamily residential properties. Because such legal aspects are governed by applicable local law (which laws may differ
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substantially), the summaries do not purport to be complete, to reflect the laws of any particular jurisdiction, or to encompass the laws of all jurisdictions in which the security for the mortgage loans is situated.
California
Mortgage loans in California are generally secured by deeds of trust on the related real estate. Foreclosure of a deed of trust in California may be accomplished by a non-judicial trustee’s sale (so long as it is permitted under a specific provision in the deed of trust) or by judicial foreclosure, in each case subject to and in accordance with the applicable procedures and requirements of California law. Public notice of either the trustee’s sale or the judgment of foreclosure is given for a statutory period of time after which the mortgaged real estate may be sold by the trustee, if foreclosed pursuant to the trustee’s power of sale, or by court appointed sheriff under a judicial foreclosure. Following a judicial foreclosure sale, the borrower or its successor-in-interest may, for a period of up to one year, redeem the property; however, there is no redemption following a trustee’s power of sale. California’s “security first” and “one action” rules require the lender to complete foreclosure of all real estate provided as security under the deed of trust in a single action in an attempt to satisfy the full debt before bringing a personal action (if otherwise permitted) against the borrower for recovery of the debt, except in certain cases involving environmentally impaired real property where foreclosure of the real property is not required before making a claim under the indemnity. This restriction may apply to property which is not located in California if a single promissory note is secured by property located in California and other jurisdictions. California case law has held that acts such as (but not limited to) an offset of an unpledged account constitute violations of such statutes. Violations of such statutes may result in the loss of some or all of the security under the mortgage loan and a loss of the ability to sue for the debt. A sale by the trustee under the deed of trust does not constitute an “action” for purposes of the “one action rule”. Other statutory provisions in California limit any deficiency judgment (if otherwise permitted) against the borrower following a judicial foreclosure to the amount by which the indebtedness exceeds the fair value at the time of the public sale and in no event greater than the difference between the foreclosure sale price and the amount of the indebtedness. Further, under California law, once a property has been sold pursuant to a power of sale clause contained in a deed of trust (and in the case of certain types of purchase money acquisition financings, under all circumstances), the lender is precluded from seeking a deficiency judgment from the borrower or, under certain circumstances, guarantors.
Massachusetts
Mortgage loans involving real property in Massachusetts are secured by mortgages and foreclosures are accomplished by one of the following methods: judicial foreclosure action, sale under statutory power of sale, peaceable entry and possession for three years, or bill in equity under statute. Foreclosure by sale under the statutory power of sale accompanied by an entry prior to the sale is the more commonly followed method of foreclosure in Massachusetts. If the mortgagor is not a corporation, limited liability company or limited partnership, the mortgagee will generally first obtain a judgment from the Land Court or Superior Court sitting in the county where the property is located barring the rights of any interested party under the Solders’ and Sailor’s Civil Relief Act. Prior to conducting the sale, notice of sale must be published for three successive weeks with the first such publication to take place at least 21 days prior to the date of sale and notice must be delivered by registered mail to the required parties at least 30 days prior to the date of sale. A mortgagor has no right of redemption after a properly conducted foreclosure sale under the power of sale. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts does not have a “one action rule” or
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“anti deficiency legislation”; however, a deficiency judgment for a recourse loan cannot be obtained after a foreclosure sale conducted by a power of sale unless certain required steps are taken, including the giving of notice at least 21 days before the sale, the signing of an affidavit within 30 days after the sale, and generally bringing the action within 2 years after the sale. Although very rarely granted, in certain circumstances, the lender may have a receiver appointed. In Massachusetts, contamination on a property may give rise to a “super lien” on the property for costs incurred by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and such a lien has priority over all existing liens, including those of existing mortgages.
Texas
Commercial mortgage loans in Texas are generally secured by deeds of trust on the related real estate. Foreclosure of a deed of trust in Texas may be accomplished by either a non-judicial trustee’s sale under a specific power-of-sale provision set forth in the deed of trust or by judicial foreclosure. Due to the relatively short period of time involved in a non-judicial foreclosure, the judicial foreclosure process is rarely used in Texas. A judicial foreclosure action must be initiated, and a non-judicial foreclosure must be completed, within four years from the date the cause of action accrues. The cause of action for the unpaid balance of the indebtedness accrues upon the maturity of the indebtedness (by acceleration or otherwise).
Unless expressly waived in the deed of trust, the lender must provide the debtor with a written demand for payment, a notice of intent to accelerate the indebtedness, and a notice of acceleration prior to commencing any foreclosure action. It is customary practice in Texas for the demand for payment to be combined with the notice of intent to accelerate the indebtedness. In addition, with respect to a non-judicial foreclosure sale and notwithstanding any waiver by debtor to the contrary, the lender is statutorily required to (i) provide each debtor obligated to pay the indebtedness a notice of foreclosure sale via certified mail, postage prepaid and addressed to each debtor at such debtor’s last known address at least 21 days before the date of the foreclosure sale; (ii) post a notice of foreclosure sale at the courthouse of each county in which the property is located; and (iii) file a notice of foreclosure sale with the county clerk of each county in which the property is located. Such 21 day period includes the entire calendar day on which the notice is deposited with the United States mail and excludes the entire calendar day of the foreclosure sale. The statutory foreclosure notice may be combined with the notice of acceleration of the indebtedness and must contain the location of the foreclosure sale and a statement of the earliest time at which the foreclosure sale will begin. To the extent the note or deed of trust contains additional notice requirements, the lender must comply with such requirements in addition to the statutory requirements set forth above.
The trustee’s sale must be performed pursuant to the terms of the deed of trust and statutory law and must take place between the hours of 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. on the first Tuesday of the month, in the area designated for such sales by the county commissioners’ court of the county in which the property is located, and must begin at the time set forth in the notice of foreclosure sale or not later than three hours after that time. If the property is located in multiple counties, the sale may occur in any county in which a portion of the property is located. Under Texas law applicable to the subject property, the debtor does not have the right to redeem the property after foreclosure. Any action for deficiency must be brought within two years of the foreclosure sale. If the foreclosure sale price is less than the fair market value of the property, the debtor or any obligor (including any guarantor) may be entitled to an offset against the deficiency in the amount by which the fair market value of the property, less the amount of any claim, indebtedness, or obligation of any kind that is secured by a lien or encumbrance on the real property that was not extinguished by the foreclosure, exceeds the foreclosure sale price.
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General
Each mortgage loan will be evidenced by a promissory note and secured by an instrument granting a security interest in real property, which may be a mortgage, deed of trust or a deed to secure debt, depending upon the prevailing practice and law in the state in which the related mortgaged property is located. Mortgages, deeds of trust and deeds to secure debt are in this prospectus collectively referred to as “mortgages”. A mortgage creates a lien upon, or grants a title interest in, the real property covered thereby, and represents the security for the repayment of the indebtedness customarily evidenced by a promissory note. The priority of the lien created or interest granted will depend on the terms of the mortgage and, in some cases, on the terms of separate subordination agreements or intercreditor agreements with others that hold interests in the real property, the knowledge of the parties to the mortgage and, generally, the order of recordation of the mortgage in the appropriate public recording office. However, the lien of a recorded mortgage will generally be subordinate to later-arising liens for real estate taxes and assessments and other charges imposed under governmental police powers.
Types of Mortgage Instruments
There are two parties to a mortgage: a mortgagor (the borrower and usually the owner of the applicable property) and a mortgagee (the lender). In contrast, a deed of trust is a three-party instrument, among a trustor (the equivalent of a borrower), a trustee to whom the real property is conveyed, and a beneficiary (the lender) for whose benefit the conveyance is made. Under a deed of trust, the trustor grants the property, irrevocably until the debt is paid, in trust and generally with a power of sale, to the trustee to secure repayment of the indebtedness evidenced by the related note. A deed to secure debt typically has two parties, pursuant to which the borrower, or grantor, conveys title to the real property to the grantee, or lender generally with a power of sale, until such time as the debt is repaid. In a case where the borrower is a land trust, there would be an additional party because legal title to the property is held by a land trustee under a land trust agreement for the benefit of the borrower. At origination of a mortgage loan involving a land trust, the borrower may execute a separate undertaking to make payments on the promissory note. The land trustee would not be personally liable for the promissory note obligation. The mortgagee’s authority under a mortgage, the trustee’s authority under a deed of trust and the grantee’s authority under a deed to secure debt are governed by the express provisions of the related instrument, the law of the state in which the real property is located, certain federal laws and, in some deed of trust transactions, the directions of the beneficiary.
Leases and Rents
Mortgages that encumber income-producing property often contain an assignment of rents and leases, and/or may be accompanied by a separate assignment of rents and leases, pursuant to which the borrower assigns to the lender the borrower’s right, title and interest as landlord under each lease and the income derived from the lease, while (unless rents are to be paid directly to the lender) retaining a revocable license to collect the rents for so long as there is no default. If the borrower defaults, the license terminates and the lender is entitled to collect the rents. Local law may require that the lender take possession of the property and/or obtain a court-appointed receiver before becoming entitled to collect the rents.
In most states, hotel property and motel room rates are considered accounts receivable under the Uniform Commercial Code (“UCC”). In cases where hotel properties or motels constitute loan security, the revenues are generally pledged by the borrower as additional
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security for the loan. In general, the lender must file financing statements in order to perfect its security interest in the room revenues and must file continuation statements, generally every 5 years, to maintain perfection of such security interest. In certain cases, mortgage loans secured by hotel properties or motels may be included in the issuing entity even if the security interest in the room revenues was not perfected. Even if the lender’s security interest in room revenues is perfected under applicable nonbankruptcy law, it will generally be required to commence a foreclosure action or otherwise take possession of the property in order to enforce its rights to collect the room revenues following a default. In the bankruptcy setting, however, the lender will be stayed from enforcing its rights to collect room revenues, but those room revenues constitute “cash collateral” and therefore generally cannot be used by the bankruptcy debtor without a hearing or lender’s consent or unless the lender’s interest in the room revenues is given adequate protection (e.g., cash payment for otherwise encumbered funds or a replacement lien on unencumbered property, in either case in value equivalent to the amount of room revenues that the debtor proposes to use, or other similar relief). See “—Bankruptcy Laws” below.
Personalty
In the case of certain types of mortgaged properties, such as hotel properties, motels, nursing homes and manufactured housing, personal property (to the extent owned by the borrower and not previously pledged) may constitute a significant portion of the property’s value as security. The creation and enforcement of liens on personal property are governed by the UCC. Accordingly, if a borrower pledges personal property as security for a mortgage loan, the lender generally must file UCC financing statements in order to perfect its security interest in that personal property, and must file continuation statements, generally every five years, to maintain that perfection. Certain mortgage loans secured in part by personal property may be included in the issuing entity even if the security interest in such personal property was not perfected.
Foreclosure
General
Foreclosure is a legal procedure that allows the lender to recover its mortgage debt by enforcing its rights and available legal remedies under the mortgage. If the borrower defaults in payment or performance of its obligations under the promissory note or mortgage, the lender has the right to institute foreclosure proceedings to sell the real property at public auction to satisfy the indebtedness.
Foreclosure Procedures Vary from State to State
Two primary methods of foreclosing a mortgage are judicial foreclosure, involving court proceedings, and nonjudicial foreclosure pursuant to a power of sale granted in the mortgage instrument. Other foreclosure procedures are available in some states, but they are either infrequently used or available only in limited circumstances.
A foreclosure action is subject to most of the delays and expenses of other lawsuits if defenses are raised or counterclaims are interposed, and sometimes requires several years to complete.
See also “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Risks Associated with One Action Rules”.
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Judicial Foreclosure
A judicial foreclosure proceeding is conducted in a court having jurisdiction over the mortgaged property. Generally, the action is initiated by the service of legal pleadings upon all parties having a subordinate interest of record in the real property and all parties in possession of the property, under leases or otherwise, whose interests are subordinate to the mortgage. Delays in completion of the foreclosure may occasionally result from difficulties in locating defendants. When the lender’s right to foreclose is contested, the legal proceedings can be time-consuming. Upon successful completion of a judicial foreclosure proceeding, the court generally issues a judgment of foreclosure and appoints a referee or other officer to conduct a public sale of the mortgaged property, the proceeds of which are used to satisfy the judgment. Such sales are made in accordance with procedures that vary from state to state.
Equitable and Other Limitations on Enforceability of Certain Provisions
United States courts have traditionally imposed general equitable principles to limit the remedies available to lenders in foreclosure actions. These principles are generally designed to relieve borrowers from the effects of mortgage defaults perceived as harsh or unfair. Relying on such principles, a court may alter the specific terms of a loan to the extent it considers necessary to prevent or remedy an injustice, undue oppression or overreaching, or may require the lender to undertake affirmative actions to determine the cause of the borrower’s default and the likelihood that the borrower will be able to reinstate the loan. In some cases, courts have substituted their judgment for the lender’s and have required that lenders reinstate loans or recast payment schedules in order to accommodate borrowers who are suffering from a temporary financial disability. In other cases, courts have limited the right of the lender to foreclose in the case of a nonmonetary default, such as a failure to adequately maintain the mortgaged property or an impermissible further encumbrance of the mortgaged property. Finally, some courts have addressed the issue of whether federal or state constitutional provisions reflecting due process concerns for adequate notice require that a borrower receive notice in addition to statutorily-prescribed minimum notice. For the most part, these cases have upheld the reasonableness of the notice provisions or have found that a public sale under a mortgage providing for a power of sale does not involve sufficient state action to trigger constitutional protections.
In addition, some states may have statutory protection such as the right of the borrower to reinstate a mortgage loan after commencement of foreclosure proceedings but prior to a foreclosure sale.
Nonjudicial Foreclosure/Power of Sale
In states permitting nonjudicial foreclosure proceedings, foreclosure of a deed of trust is generally accomplished by a nonjudicial trustee’s sale pursuant to a power of sale typically granted in the deed of trust. A power of sale may also be contained in any other type of mortgage instrument if applicable law so permits. A power of sale under a deed of trust allows a nonjudicial public sale to be conducted generally following a request from the beneficiary/lender to the trustee to sell the property upon default by the borrower and after notice of sale is given in accordance with the terms of the deed of trust and applicable state law. In some states, prior to such sale, the trustee under the deed of trust must record a notice of default and notice of sale and send a copy to the borrower and to any other party who has recorded a request for a copy of a notice of default and notice of sale. In addition, in some states the trustee must provide notice to any other party having an interest of record in the real property, including junior lienholders. A notice of sale must be posted in a public place and, in most states, published for a specified period of time in one or more
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newspapers. The borrower or junior lienholder may then have the right, during a reinstatement period required in some states, to cure the default by paying the entire actual amount in arrears (without regard to the acceleration of the indebtedness), plus the lender’s expenses incurred in enforcing the obligation. In other states, the borrower or the junior lienholder is not provided a period to reinstate the loan, but has only the right to pay off the entire debt to prevent the foreclosure sale. Generally, state law governs the procedure for public sale, the parties entitled to notice, the method of giving notice and the applicable time periods.
Public Sale
A third party may be unwilling to purchase a mortgaged property at a public sale because of the difficulty in determining the exact status of title to the property (due to, among other things, redemption rights that may exist) and because of the possibility that physical deterioration of the mortgaged property may have occurred during the foreclosure proceedings. Potential buyers may also be reluctant to purchase mortgaged property at a foreclosure sale as a result of the 1980 decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit in Durrett v. Washington National Insurance Co., 621 F.2d 2001 (5th Cir. 1980) and other decisions that have followed its reasoning. The court in Durrett held that even a non-collusive, regularly conducted foreclosure sale was a fraudulent transfer under the Bankruptcy Code and, thus, could be rescinded in favor of the bankrupt’s estate, if (1) the foreclosure sale was held while the debtor was insolvent and not more than one year prior to the filing of the bankruptcy petition and (2) the price paid for the foreclosed property did not represent “fair consideration”, which is “reasonably equivalent value” under the Bankruptcy Code. Although the reasoning and result of Durrett in respect of the Bankruptcy Code was rejected by the United States Supreme Court in BFP v. Resolution Trust Corp., 511 U.S. 531 (1994), the case could nonetheless be persuasive to a court applying a state fraudulent conveyance law which has provisions similar to those construed in Durrett. Therefore, it is common for the lender to purchase the mortgaged property for an amount equal to the secured indebtedness and accrued and unpaid interest plus the expenses of foreclosure, in which event the borrower’s debt will be extinguished, or for a lesser amount in order to preserve its right to seek a deficiency judgment if such is available under state law and under the terms of the Mortgage Loan documents. Thereafter, subject to the borrower’s right in some states to remain in possession during a redemption period, the lender will become the owner of the property and have both the benefits and burdens of ownership, including the obligation to pay debt service on any senior mortgages, to pay taxes, to obtain casualty insurance and to make such repairs as are necessary to render the property suitable for sale. Frequently, the lender employs a third-party management company to manage and operate the property. The costs of operating and maintaining a property may be significant and may be greater than the income derived from that property. The costs of management and operation of those mortgaged properties which are hotels, motels, restaurants, nursing or convalescent homes, hospitals or casinos may be particularly significant because of the expertise, knowledge and, with respect to certain property types, regulatory compliance, required to run those operations and the effect which foreclosure and a change in ownership may have on the public’s and the industry’s, including franchisors’, perception of the quality of those operations. The lender also will commonly obtain the services of a real estate broker and pay the broker’s commission in connection with the sale or lease of the property. Depending upon market conditions, the ultimate proceeds of the sale of a property may not equal the lender’s investment in the property. Moreover, a lender commonly incurs substantial legal fees and court costs in acquiring a mortgaged property through contested foreclosure and/or bankruptcy proceedings. Because of the expenses associated with acquiring, owning and selling a mortgaged property, a lender could realize an overall loss on a mortgage loan even if the
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mortgaged property is sold at foreclosure, or resold after it is acquired through foreclosure, for an amount equal to the full outstanding principal amount of the loan plus accrued interest.
Furthermore, an increasing number of states require that any environmental contamination at certain types of properties be cleaned up before a property may be resold. In addition, a lender may be responsible under federal or state law for the cost of cleaning up a mortgaged property that is environmentally contaminated. See “—Environmental Considerations” below.
The holder of a junior mortgage that forecloses on a mortgaged property does so subject to senior mortgages and any other prior liens, and may be obliged to keep senior mortgage loans current in order to avoid foreclosure of its interest in the property. In addition, if the foreclosure of a junior mortgage triggers the enforcement of a “due-on-sale” clause contained in a senior mortgage, the junior mortgagee could be required to pay the full amount of the senior mortgage indebtedness or face foreclosure.
Rights of Redemption
The purposes of a foreclosure action are to enable the lender to realize upon its security and to bar the borrower, and all persons who have interests in the property that are subordinate to that of the foreclosing lender, from exercise of their “equity of redemption”. The doctrine of equity of redemption provides that, until the property encumbered by a mortgage has been sold in accordance with a properly conducted foreclosure and foreclosure sale, those having interests that are subordinate to that of the foreclosing lender have an equity of redemption and may redeem the property by paying the entire debt with interest. Those having an equity of redemption must generally be made parties and joined in the foreclosure proceeding in order for their equity of redemption to be terminated.
The equity of redemption is a common-law (nonstatutory) right which should be distinguished from post-sale statutory rights of redemption. In some states, after sale pursuant to a deed of trust or foreclosure of a mortgage, the borrower and foreclosed junior lienors are given a statutory period in which to redeem the property. In some states, statutory redemption may occur only upon payment of the foreclosure sale price. In other states, redemption may be permitted if the former borrower pays only a portion of the sums due. The effect of a statutory right of redemption is to diminish the ability of the lender to sell the foreclosed property because the exercise of a right of redemption would defeat the title of any purchaser through a foreclosure. Consequently, the practical effect of the redemption right is to force the lender to maintain the property and pay the expenses of ownership until the redemption period has expired. In some states, a post-sale statutory right of redemption may exist following a judicial foreclosure, but not following a trustee’s sale under a deed of trust.
Anti-Deficiency Legislation
Some or all of the mortgage loans are nonrecourse loans, as to which recourse in the case of default will be limited to the mortgaged property and such other assets, if any, that were pledged to secure the mortgage loan. However, even if a mortgage loan by its terms provides for recourse to the borrower’s other assets, a lender’s ability to realize upon those assets may be limited by state law. For example, in some states a lender cannot obtain a deficiency judgment against the borrower following foreclosure or sale under a deed of trust.
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A deficiency judgment is a personal judgment against the former borrower equal to the difference between the net amount realized upon the public sale of the real property and the amount due to the lender. Other statutes may require the lender to exhaust the security afforded under a mortgage before bringing a personal action against the borrower. In certain other states, the lender has the option of bringing a personal action against the borrower on the debt without first exhausting that security; however, in some of those states, the lender, following judgment on that personal action, may be deemed to have elected a remedy and thus may be precluded from foreclosing upon the security. Consequently, lenders in those states where such an election of remedy provision exists will usually proceed first against the security. Finally, other statutory provisions, designed to protect borrowers from exposure to large deficiency judgments that might result from bidding at below-market values at the foreclosure sale, limit any deficiency judgment to the excess of the outstanding debt over the fair market value of the property at the time of the sale.
Leasehold Considerations
Mortgage loans may be secured by a mortgage on the borrower’s leasehold interest in a ground lease. Leasehold mortgage loans are subject to certain risks not associated with mortgage loans secured by a lien on the fee estate of the borrower. The most significant of these risks is that if the borrower’s leasehold were to be terminated upon a lease default, the leasehold mortgagee would lose its security. This risk may be lessened if the ground lease requires the lessor to give the leasehold mortgagee notices of lessee defaults and an opportunity to cure them, permits the leasehold estate to be assigned to and by the leasehold mortgagee or the purchaser at a foreclosure sale, and contains certain other protective provisions typically included in a “mortgageable” ground lease. Certain mortgage loans, however, may be secured by ground leases which do not contain these provisions.
In addition, where a lender has as its security both the fee and leasehold interest in the same property, the grant of a mortgage lien on its fee interest by the land owner/ground lessor to secure the debt of a borrower/ground lessee may be subject to challenge as a fraudulent conveyance. Among other things, a legal challenge to the granting of the liens may focus on the benefits realized by the land owner/ground lessor from the loan. If a court concluded that the granting of the mortgage lien was an avoidable fraudulent conveyance, it might take actions detrimental to the holders of the offered certificates, including, under certain circumstances, invalidating the mortgage lien on the fee interest of the land owner/ground lessor.
Cooperative Shares
Mortgage loans may be secured by a security interest on the borrower’s ownership interest in shares, and the related proprietary leases, allocable to cooperative dwelling units that may be vacant or occupied by non-owner tenants. Such loans are subject to certain risks not associated with mortgage loans secured by a lien on the fee estate of a borrower in real property. Such a loan typically is subordinate to the mortgage, if any, on the cooperative’s building which, if foreclosed, could extinguish the equity in the building and the proprietary leases of the dwelling units derived from ownership of the shares of the cooperative. Further, transfer of shares in a cooperative are subject to various regulations as well as to restrictions under the governing documents of the cooperative, and the shares may be cancelled in the event that associated maintenance charges due under the related proprietary leases are not paid. Typically, a recognition agreement between the lender and the cooperative provides, among other things, the lender with an opportunity to cure a default under a proprietary lease.
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Under the laws applicable in many states, “foreclosure” on cooperative shares is accomplished by a sale in accordance with the provisions of Article 9 of the UCC and the security agreement relating to the shares. Article 9 of the UCC requires that a sale be conducted in a “commercially reasonable” manner, which may be dependent upon, among other things, the notice given the debtor and the method, manner, time, place and terms of the sale. Article 9 of the UCC provides that the proceeds of the sale will be applied first to pay the costs and expenses of the sale and then to satisfy the indebtedness secured by the lender’s security interest. A recognition agreement, however, generally provides that the lender’s right to reimbursement is subject to the right of the cooperative to receive sums due under the proprietary leases.
Bankruptcy Laws
Operation of the federal Bankruptcy Code in Title 11 of the United States Code, as amended from time to time (“Bankruptcy Code”) and related state laws may interfere with or affect the ability of a lender to obtain payment of a loan, realize upon collateral and/or to enforce a deficiency judgment. For example, under the Bankruptcy Code, virtually all actions (including foreclosure actions and deficiency judgment proceedings) are automatically stayed upon the filing of the bankruptcy petition, and, usually, no interest or principal payments are made during the course of the bankruptcy case. The delay and the consequences of a delay caused by an automatic stay can be significant. For example, the filing of a petition in bankruptcy by or on behalf of a junior mortgage lien holder may stay the senior lender from taking action to foreclose out such junior lien. At a minimum, the senior lender would suffer delay due to its need to seek bankruptcy court approval before taking any foreclosure or other action that could be deemed in violation of the automatic stay under the Bankruptcy Code.
Under the Bankruptcy Code, a bankruptcy trustee, or a borrower as debtor-in-possession, may under certain circumstances sell the related mortgaged property or other collateral free and clear of all liens, claims, encumbrances and interests, which liens would then attach to the proceeds of such sale, despite the provisions of the related mortgage or other security agreement to the contrary. Such a sale may be approved by a bankruptcy court even if the proceeds are insufficient to pay the secured debt in full.
Under the Bankruptcy Code, provided certain substantive and procedural safeguards for a lender are met, the amount and terms of a mortgage or other security agreement secured by property of a debtor may be modified under certain circumstances. Pursuant to a confirmed plan of reorganization, lien avoidance or claim objection proceeding, the secured claim arising from a loan secured by real property or other collateral may be reduced to the then-current value of the property (with a corresponding partial reduction of the amount of lender’s security interest), thus leaving the lender a secured creditor to the extent of the then current value of the property and a general unsecured creditor for the difference between such value and the outstanding balance of the loan. Such general unsecured claims may be paid less than 100% of the amount of the debt or not at all, depending upon the circumstances. Other modifications may include the reduction in the amount of each scheduled payment, which reduction may result from a reduction in the rate of interest and/or the alteration of the repayment schedule (with or without affecting the unpaid principal balance of the loan), and/or an extension (or reduction) of the final maturity date. Some courts have approved bankruptcy plans, based on the particular facts of the reorganization case, that effected the curing of a mortgage loan default by paying arrearages over a number of years. Also, under the Bankruptcy Code, a bankruptcy court may permit a debtor through its plan of reorganization to reinstate the loan even though the lender accelerated the mortgage loan and final judgment of foreclosure had been entered in
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state court (provided that no sale of the property had yet occurred) prior to the filing of the debtor’s petition. This may be done even if the plan of reorganization does not provide for payment of the full amount due under the original loan. Thus, the full amount due under the original loan may never be repaid. Other types of significant modifications to the terms of mortgage loan may be acceptable to the bankruptcy court, such as making distributions to the mortgage holder of property other than cash, or the substitution of collateral which is the “indubitable equivalent” of the real property subject to the mortgage, or the subordination of the mortgage to liens securing new debt (provided that the lender’s secured claim is “adequately protected” as such term is defined and interpreted under the Bankruptcy Code), often depending on the particular facts and circumstances of the specific case.
Federal bankruptcy law may also interfere with or otherwise adversely affect the ability of a secured mortgage lender to enforce an assignment by a borrower of rents and leases (which “rents” may include revenues from hotels and other lodging facilities specified in the Bankruptcy Code) related to a mortgaged property if the related borrower is in a bankruptcy proceeding. Under the Bankruptcy Code, a lender may be stayed from enforcing the assignment, and the legal proceedings necessary to resolve the issue can be time consuming and may result in significant delays in the receipt of the rents. Rents (including applicable hotel and other lodging revenues) and leases may also escape such an assignment, among other things, (i) if the assignment is not fully perfected under state law prior to commencement of the bankruptcy proceeding, (ii) to the extent such rents and leases are used by the borrower to maintain the mortgaged property, or for other court authorized expenses, (iii) to the extent other collateral may be substituted for the rents and leases, (iv) to the extent the bankruptcy court determines that the lender is adequately protected, or (v) to the extent the court determines based on the equities of the case that the post-petition rents are not subject to the lender’s pre-petition security interest.
Under the Bankruptcy Code, a security interest in real property acquired before the commencement of the bankruptcy case does not extend to income received after the commencement of the bankruptcy case unless such income is a proceed, product or rent of such property. Therefore, to the extent a business conducted on the mortgaged property creates accounts receivable rather than rents or results from payments under a license rather than payments under a lease, a valid and perfected pre-bankruptcy lien on such accounts receivable or license income generally would not continue as to post-bankruptcy accounts receivable or license income.
The Bankruptcy Code provides that a lender’s perfected pre-petition security interest in leases, rents and hotel revenues continues in the post-petition leases, rents and hotel revenues, unless a bankruptcy court orders to the contrary “based on the equities of the case”. The equities of a particular case may permit the discontinuance of security interests in pre-petition leases and rents. Thus, unless a court orders otherwise, revenues from a mortgaged property generated after the date the bankruptcy petition is filed will constitute “cash collateral” under the Bankruptcy Code. Debtors may only use cash collateral upon obtaining the lender’s consent or a prior court order finding that the lender’s interest in the mortgaged hotel, motel or other lodging property and the cash collateral is “adequately protected” as the term is defined and interpreted under the Bankruptcy Code. In addition to post-petition rents, any cash held by a lender in a lockbox or reserve account generally would also constitute “cash collateral” under the Bankruptcy Code. So long as the lender is adequately protected, a debtor’s use of cash collateral may be for its own benefit or for the benefit of any affiliated entity group that is also subject to bankruptcy proceedings, including use as collateral for new debt. It should be noted, however, that the court may find that the lender has no security interest in either pre-petition or post-petition revenues if
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the court finds that the loan documents do not contain language covering accounts, room rents, or other forms of personalty necessary for a security interest to attach to such revenues.
The Bankruptcy Code provides generally that rights and obligations under an unexpired lease of the debtor/lessee may not be terminated or modified at any time after the commencement of a case under the Bankruptcy Code solely because of a provision in the lease to that effect or because of certain other similar events. This prohibition on so-called “ipso facto” clauses could limit the ability of a lender to exercise certain contractual remedies with respect to the leases on any mortgaged property. In addition, section 362 of the Bankruptcy Code operates as an automatic stay of, among other things, any act to obtain possession of property from a debtor’s estate, which may delay a lender’s exercise of those remedies, including foreclosure, in the event that a lessee becomes the subject of a proceeding under the Bankruptcy Code. Thus, the filing of a petition in bankruptcy by or on behalf of a lessee of a mortgaged property would result in a stay against the commencement or continuation of any state court proceeding for past due rent, for accelerated rent, for damages or for a summary eviction order with respect to a default under the related lease that occurred prior to the filing of the lessee’s petition. While relief from the automatic stay to enforce remedies may be requested, it can be denied for a number of reasons, including where the collateral is “necessary to an effective reorganization” for the debtor, and if a debtor’s case has been administratively consolidated with those of its affiliates, the court may also consider whether the property is “necessary to an effective reorganization” of the debtor and its affiliates, taken as a whole.
The Bankruptcy Code generally provides that a trustee in bankruptcy or debtor-in-possession may, with respect to an unexpired lease of non-residential real property, before the earlier of (i) 120 days after the filing of a bankruptcy case or (ii) the entry of an order confirming a plan, subject to approval of the court, (a) assume the lease and retain it or assign it to a third party or (b) reject the lease. If the trustee or debtor-in-possession fails to assume or reject the lease within the time specified in the preceding sentence, subject to any extensions by the bankruptcy court, the lease will be deemed rejected and the property will be surrendered to the lessor. The bankruptcy court may for cause shown extend the 120-day period up to 90 days for a total of 210 days. If the lease is assumed, the trustee in bankruptcy on behalf of the lessee, or the lessee as debtor-in-possession, or the assignee, if applicable, must cure any defaults under the lease, compensate the lessor for its losses and provide the lessor with “adequate assurance” of future performance. These remedies may be insufficient, however, as the lessor may be forced to continue under the lease with a lessee that is a poor credit risk or an unfamiliar tenant (if the lease was assigned), and any assurances provided to the lessor may, in fact, be inadequate. If the lease is rejected, the rejection generally constitutes a breach of the executory contract or unexpired lease as of the date immediately preceding the filing date of the bankruptcy petition. As a consequence, the other party or parties to the lease, such as the borrower, as lessor under a lease, generally would have only an unsecured claim against the debtor, as lessee, for damages resulting from the breach, which could adversely affect the security for the related mortgage loan. In addition, under the Bankruptcy Code, a lease rejection damages claim is limited to the “(a) rent reserved by the lease, without acceleration, for the greater of one year, or 15 percent, not to exceed 3 years, of the remaining term of such lease, following the earlier of the date of the bankruptcy petition and the date on which the lessor regained possession of the real property, (b) plus any unpaid rent due under such lease, without acceleration, on the earlier of such dates”.
If a trustee in bankruptcy on behalf of a lessor, or a lessor as debtor-in-possession, rejects an unexpired lease of real property, the lessee may treat the lease as terminated by
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the rejection or, in the alternative, the lessee may remain in possession of the leasehold for the balance of the term and for any renewal or extension of the term that is enforceable by the lessee under applicable non-bankruptcy law. The Bankruptcy Code provides that if a lessee elects to remain in possession after a rejection of a lease, the lessee may offset against rents reserved under the lease for the balance of the term after the date of rejection of the lease, and the related renewal or extension of the lease, any damages occurring after that date caused by the nonperformance of any obligation of the lessor under the lease after that date.
Similarly, bankruptcy risk is associated with an insolvency proceeding under the Bankruptcy Code of either a borrower ground lessee or a ground lessor. In general, upon the bankruptcy of a lessor or a lessee under a lease of nonresidential real property, including a ground lease, that has not been terminated prior to the bankruptcy filing date, the debtor entity has the statutory right to assume or reject the lease. Given that the Bankruptcy Code generally invalidates clauses that terminate contracts automatically upon the filing by one of the parties of a bankruptcy petition or that are conditioned on a party’s insolvency, following the filing of a bankruptcy petition, a debtor would ordinarily be required to perform its obligations under such lease until the debtor decides whether to assume or reject the lease. The Bankruptcy Code provides certain additional protections with respect to non-residential real property leases, such as establishing a specific timeframe in which a debtor must determine whether to assume or reject the lease. The bankruptcy court may extend the time to perform for up to 60 days for cause shown. Even if the agreements were terminated prior to bankruptcy, a bankruptcy court may determine that the agreement was improperly terminated and therefore remains part of the debtor’s bankruptcy estate. The debtor also can seek bankruptcy court approval to assume and assign the lease to a third party, and to modify the lease in connection with such assignment. In order to assume the lease, the debtor or assignee generally will have to cure outstanding defaults and provide “adequate assurance of future performance” in addition to satisfying other requirements imposed under the Bankruptcy Code. Under the Bankruptcy Code, subject to certain exceptions, once a lease is rejected by a debtor lessee, it is deemed breached, and the non-debtor lessor will have a claim for lease rejection damages, as described above.
If the ground lessor files for bankruptcy, it may determine until the confirmation of its plan of reorganization whether to reject the ground lease. On request of any party to the lease, the bankruptcy court may order the debtor to determine within a specific period of time whether to assume or reject the lease or to comply with the terms of the lease pending its decision to assume or reject. In the event of rejection, the non-debtor lessee will have the right to treat the lease as terminated by virtue of its terms, applicable nonbankruptcy law, or any agreement made by the lessee. The non-debtor lessee may also, if the lease term has begun, retain its rights under the lease, including its rights to remain in possession of the leased premises under the rent reserved in the lease for the balance of the term of the lease (including renewals). The term “lessee” includes any “successor, assign or mortgagee permitted under the terms of such lease”. If, pre-petition, the ground lessor had specifically granted the leasehold mortgagee such right, the leasehold mortgagee may have the right to succeed to the lessee/borrower’s position under the lease.
In the event of concurrent bankruptcy proceedings involving the ground lessor and the lessee/borrower, actions by creditors against the borrower/lessee debtor would be subject to the automatic stay, and a lender may be unable to enforce both the bankrupt lessee/borrower’s pre-petition agreement to refuse to treat a ground lease rejected by a bankrupt lessor as terminated and any agreement by the ground lessor to grant the lender a new lease upon such termination. In such circumstances, a lease could be terminated
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notwithstanding lender protection provisions contained in that lease or in the mortgage. A lender could lose its security unless the lender holds a fee mortgage or the bankruptcy court, as a court of equity, allows the mortgagee to assume the ground lessee’s obligations under the ground lease and succeed to the ground lessee’s position. Although consistent with the Bankruptcy Code, such position may not be adopted by the bankruptcy court.
Further, in an appellate decision by the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit (Precision Indus. v. Qualitech Steel SBQ, LLC, 327 F.3d 537 (7th Cir, 2003)), the court ruled with respect to an unrecorded lease of real property that where a statutory sale of leased property occurs under the Bankruptcy Code upon the bankruptcy of a landlord, that sale terminates a lessee’s possessory interest in the property, and the purchaser assumes title free and clear of any interest, including any leasehold estates. Pursuant to the Bankruptcy Code, a lessee may request the bankruptcy court to prohibit or condition the statutory sale of the property so as to provide adequate protection of the leasehold interest; however, the court ruled that, at least where a memorandum of lease had not been recorded, this provision does not ensure continued possession of the property, but rather entitles the lessee to compensation for the value of its leasehold interest, typically from the sale proceeds. As a result, we cannot assure you that, in the event of a statutory sale of leased property pursuant to the Bankruptcy Code, the lessee would be able to maintain possession of the property under the ground lease. In addition, we cannot assure you that a leasehold mortgagor and/or a leasehold mortgagee (to the extent it has standing to intervene) would be able to recover the full value of the leasehold interest in bankruptcy court.
Because of the possible termination of the related ground lease, whether arising from a bankruptcy, the expiration of a lease term or an uncured defect under the related ground lease, lending on a leasehold interest in a real property is riskier than lending on the fee interest in the property.
In a bankruptcy or similar proceeding involving a borrower, action may be taken seeking the recovery as a preferential transfer of any payments made by such borrower, or made directly by the related lessee, under the related mortgage loan to the issuing entity. Payments on long term debt may be protected from recovery as preferences if they qualify for the “ordinary course” exception under the Bankruptcy Code or if certain other defenses in the Bankruptcy Code are applicable. Whether any particular payment would be protected depends upon the facts specific to a particular transaction.
In addition, in a bankruptcy or similar proceeding involving any borrower or an affiliate, an action may be taken to avoid the transaction (or any component of the transaction, such as joint and several liability on the related mortgage loan) as an actual or constructive fraudulent conveyance under state or federal law. Any payment by a borrower in excess of its allocated share of the loan could be challenged as a fraudulent conveyance by creditors of that borrower in an action outside a bankruptcy case or by the representative of the borrower’s bankruptcy estate in a bankruptcy case. Generally, under federal and most state fraudulent conveyance statutes, the incurrence of an obligation or the transfer of property by a person will be subject to avoidance under certain circumstances if the person transferred such property with the intent to hinder, delay or defraud its creditors or the person did not receive fair consideration or reasonably equivalent value in exchange for such obligation or transfer and (i) was insolvent or was rendered insolvent by such obligation or transfer, (ii) was engaged in business or a transaction, or was about to engage in business or a transaction, for which any property remaining with the person constituted unreasonably small capital, or (iii) intended to, or believed that it would, incur debts that would be beyond the person’s ability to pay as such debts matured. The measure of insolvency will vary depending on the law of the applicable jurisdiction. However, an entity
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will generally be considered insolvent if the present fair salable value of its assets is less than (x) the sum of its debts or (y) the amount that would be required to pay its probable liabilities on its existing debts as they become absolute and matured. Accordingly, a lien granted by a borrower to secure repayment of the loan in excess of its allocated share could be avoided if a court were to determine that (i) such borrower was insolvent at the time of granting the lien, was rendered insolvent by the granting of the lien, was left with inadequate capital, or was not able to pay its debts as they matured and (ii) the borrower did not, when it allowed its property to be encumbered by a lien securing the entire indebtedness represented by the loan, receive fair consideration or reasonably equivalent value for pledging such property for the equal benefit of each other borrower.
A bankruptcy court may, under certain circumstances, authorize a debtor to obtain credit after the commencement of a bankruptcy case, secured among other things, by senior, equal or junior liens on property that is already subject to a lien. In the bankruptcy case of General Growth Properties filed on April 16, 2009, the debtors initially sought approval of a debtor-in-possession loan to the corporate parent entities guaranteed by the property-level single purpose entities and secured by second liens on their properties. Although the debtor-in-possession loan subsequently was modified to eliminate the subsidiary guarantees and second liens, we cannot assure you that, in the event of a bankruptcy of the borrower sponsor, the borrower sponsor would not seek approval of a similar debtor-in-possession loan, or that a bankruptcy court would not approve a debtor-in-possession loan that included such subsidiary guarantees and second liens on such subsidiaries’ properties.
Certain of the borrowers may be partnerships. The laws governing limited partnerships in certain states provide that the commencement of a case under the Bankruptcy Code with respect to a general partner will cause a person to cease to be a general partner of the limited partnership, unless otherwise provided in writing in the limited partnership agreement. This provision may be construed as an “ipso facto” clause and, in the event of the general partner’s bankruptcy, may not be enforceable. Certain limited partnership agreements of the borrowers may provide that the commencement of a case under the Bankruptcy Code with respect to the related general partner constitutes an event of withdrawal (assuming the enforceability of the clause is not challenged in bankruptcy proceedings or, if challenged, is upheld) that might trigger the dissolution of the limited partnership, the winding up of its affairs and the distribution of its assets, unless (i) at the time there was at least one other general partner and the written provisions of the limited partnership permit the business of the limited partnership to be carried on by the remaining general partner and that general partner does so or (ii) the written provisions of the limited partnership agreement permit the limited partners to agree within a specified time frame (often 60 days) after the withdrawal to continue the business of the limited partnership and to the appointment of one or more general partners and the limited partners do so. In addition, the laws governing general partnerships in certain states provide that the commencement of a case under the Bankruptcy Code or state bankruptcy laws with respect to a general partner of the partnerships triggers the dissolution of the partnership, the winding up of its affairs and the distribution of its assets. Those state laws, however, may not be enforceable or effective in a bankruptcy case. Limited liability companies may be subjected to similar treatment as that described in this prospectus with respect to limited partnerships. The dissolution of a borrower, the winding up of its affairs and the distribution of its assets could result in an acceleration of its payment obligation under the borrower’s mortgage loan, which may reduce the yield on the Offered Certificates in the same manner as a principal prepayment.
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In addition, the bankruptcy of the general or limited partner of a borrower that is a partnership, or the bankruptcy of a member of a borrower that is a limited liability company or the bankruptcy of a shareholder of a borrower that is a corporation may provide the opportunity in the bankruptcy case of the partner, member or shareholder to obtain an order from a court consolidating the assets and liabilities of the partner, member or shareholder with those of the mortgagor pursuant to the doctrines of substantive consolidation or piercing the corporate veil. In such a case, the respective mortgaged property, for example, would become property of the estate of the bankrupt partner, member or shareholder. Not only would the mortgaged property be available to satisfy the claims of creditors of the partner, member or shareholder, but an automatic stay would apply to any attempt by the trustee to exercise remedies with respect to the mortgaged property. However, such an occurrence should not affect a lender’s status as a secured creditor with respect to the mortgagor or its security interest in the mortgaged property.
A borrower that is a limited partnership, in many cases, may be required by the loan documents to have a single purpose entity as its sole general partner, and a borrower that is a general partnership, in many cases, may be required by the loan documents to have as its general partners only entities that are single purpose entities. A borrower that is a limited liability company may be required by the loan documents to have a single purpose member or a springing member. All borrowers that are tenants-in-common may be required by the loan documents to be single purpose entities. These provisions are designed to mitigate the risk of the dissolution or bankruptcy of the borrower partnership or its general partner, a borrower limited liability company or its member (if applicable), or a borrower that is a tenant-in-common. However, we cannot assure you that any borrower partnership or its general partner, or any borrower limited liability company or its member (if applicable), or a borrower that is a tenant-in-common, will not dissolve or become a debtor under the Bankruptcy Code.
Environmental Considerations
General
A lender may be subject to environmental risks when taking a security interest in real property. Of particular concern may be properties that are or have been used for industrial, manufacturing, military or disposal activity. Such environmental risks include the possible diminution of the value of a contaminated property or, as discussed below, potential liability for clean-up costs or other remedial actions that could exceed the value of the property or the amount of the lender’s loan. In certain circumstances, a lender may decide to abandon a contaminated mortgaged property as collateral for its loan rather than foreclose and risk liability for clean-up costs.
Superlien Laws
Under the laws of many states, contamination on a property may give rise to a lien on the property for clean-up costs. In several states, such a lien has priority over all existing liens, including those of existing mortgages. In these states, the lien of a mortgage may lose its priority to such a “superlien”.
CERCLA
The federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, as amended (“CERCLA”), imposes strict liability on present and past “owners” and “operators” of contaminated real property for the costs of clean-up. A secured lender may be liable as an “owner” or “operator” of a contaminated mortgaged property if agents or
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employees of the lender have participated in the management or operation of such mortgaged property. Such liability may exist even if the lender did not cause or contribute to the contamination and regardless of whether the lender has actually taken possession of a mortgaged property through foreclosure, deed-in-lieu of foreclosure or otherwise. Moreover, such liability is not limited to the original or unamortized principal balance of a loan or to the value of the property securing a loan. Excluded from CERCLA’s definition of “owner” or “operator,” however, is a person “who, without participating in the management of the facility, holds indicia of ownership primarily to protect his security interest”. This is the so called “secured creditor exemption”.
The Asset Conservation, Lender Liability and Deposit Insurance Protection Act of 1996 (the “1996 Act”) amended, among other things, the provisions of CERCLA with respect to lender liability and the secured creditor exemption. The 1996 Act offers protection to lenders by defining the activities in which a lender can engage and still have the benefit of the secured creditor exemption. In order for a lender to be deemed to have participated in the management of a mortgaged property, the lender must actually participate in the operational affairs of the property of the borrower. The 1996 Act provides that “merely having the capacity to influence, or unexercised right to control” operations does not constitute participation in management. A lender will lose the protection of the secured creditor exemption if it exercises decision-making control over the borrower’s environmental compliance and hazardous substance handling or disposal practices, or assumes day-to-day management of environmental or substantially all other operational functions of the mortgaged property. The 1996 Act also provides that a lender will continue to have the benefit of the secured creditor exemption even if it forecloses on a mortgaged property, purchases it at a foreclosure sale or accepts a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure, provided that the lender seeks to sell the mortgaged property at the earliest practicable commercially reasonable time on commercially reasonable terms.
Certain Other Federal and State Laws
Many states have statutes similar to CERCLA, and not all of those statutes provide for a secured creditor exemption. In addition, under federal law, there is potential liability relating to hazardous wastes and underground storage tanks under the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.
Some federal, state and local laws, regulations and ordinances govern the management, removal, encapsulation or disturbance of asbestos-containing materials. These laws, as well as common law standards, may impose liability for releases of or exposure to asbestos-containing materials, and provide for third parties to seek recovery from owners or operators of real properties for personal injuries associated with those releases.
Federal legislation requires owners of residential housing constructed prior to 1978 to disclose to potential residents or purchasers any known lead-based paint hazards and will impose treble damages for any failure to disclose. In addition, the ingestion of lead-based paint chips or dust particles by children can result in lead poisoning. If lead-based paint hazards exist at a property, then the owner of that property may be held liable for injuries and for the costs of removal or encapsulation of the lead-based paint.
In a few states, transfers of some types of properties are conditioned upon clean-up of contamination prior to transfer. In these cases, a lender that becomes the owner of a property through foreclosure, deed-in-lieu of foreclosure or otherwise, may be required to clean up the contamination before selling or otherwise transferring the property.
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Beyond statute-based environmental liability, there exist common law causes of action (for example, actions based on nuisance or on toxic tort resulting in death, personal injury or damage to property) related to hazardous environmental conditions on a property. While it may be more difficult to hold a lender liable under common law causes of action, unanticipated or uninsured liabilities of the borrower may jeopardize the borrower’s ability to meet its loan obligations or may decrease the re-sale value of the collateral.
Additional Considerations
The cost of remediating hazardous substance contamination at a property can be substantial. If a lender becomes liable, it can bring an action for contribution against the owner or operator who created the environmental hazard, but that individual or entity may be without substantial assets. Accordingly, it is possible that such costs could become a liability of the issuing entity and occasion a loss to the certificateholders.
If a lender forecloses on a mortgage secured by a property, the operations on which are subject to environmental laws and regulations, the lender will be required to operate the property in accordance with those laws and regulations. Such compliance may entail substantial expense, especially in the case of industrial or manufacturing properties.
In addition, a lender may be obligated to disclose environmental conditions on a property to government entities and/or to prospective buyers (including prospective buyers at a foreclosure sale or following foreclosure). Such disclosure may decrease the amount that prospective buyers are willing to pay for the affected property, sometimes substantially, and thereby decrease the ability of the lender to recover its investment in a loan upon foreclosure.
Due-on-Sale and Due-on-Encumbrance Provisions
Certain of the mortgage loans may contain “due-on-sale” and “due-on-encumbrance” clauses that purport to permit the lender to accelerate the maturity of the loan if the borrower transfers or encumbers the related mortgaged property. The Garn-St Germain Depository Institutions Act of 1982 (the “Garn Act”) generally preempts state laws that prohibit the enforcement of due-on-sale clauses and permits lenders to enforce these clauses in accordance with their terms, subject to certain limitations as set forth in the Garn Act and related regulations. Accordingly, a lender may nevertheless have the right to accelerate the maturity of a mortgage loan that contains a “due-on-sale” provision upon transfer of an interest in the property, without regard to the lender’s ability to demonstrate that a sale threatens its legitimate security interest.
Subordinate Financing
The terms of certain of the mortgage loans may not restrict the ability of the borrower to use the mortgaged property as security for one or more additional loans, or such restrictions may be unenforceable. Where a borrower encumbers a mortgaged property with one or more junior liens, the senior lender is subjected to additional risk. First, the borrower may have difficulty servicing and repaying multiple loans. Moreover, if the subordinate financing permits recourse to the borrower (as-is frequently the case) and the senior loan does not, a borrower may have more incentive to repay sums due on the subordinate loan. Second, acts of the senior lender that prejudice the junior lender or impair the junior lender’s security may create a superior equity in favor of the junior lender. For example, if the borrower and the senior lender agree to an increase in the principal amount of or the interest rate payable on the senior loan, the senior lender may lose its priority to the extent any existing junior lender is harmed or the borrower is additionally
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burdened. Third, if the borrower defaults on the senior loan and/or any junior loan or loans, the existence of junior loans and actions taken by junior lenders can impair the security available to the senior lender and can interfere with or delay the taking of action by the senior lender. Moreover, the bankruptcy of a junior lender may operate to stay foreclosure or similar proceedings by the senior lender.
Default Interest and Limitations on Prepayments
Promissory notes and mortgages may contain provisions that obligate the borrower to pay a late charge or additional interest if payments are not timely made, and in some circumstances, may prohibit prepayments for a specified period and/or condition prepayments upon the borrower’s payment of prepayment fees or yield maintenance penalties. In certain states, there are or may be specific limitations upon the late charges which a lender may collect from a borrower for delinquent payments. Certain states also limit the amounts that a lender may collect from a borrower as an additional charge if the loan is prepaid. In addition, the enforceability of provisions that provide for prepayment fees or penalties upon an involuntary prepayment is unclear under the laws of many states.
Applicability of Usury Laws
Title V of the Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act of 1980 (“Title V”) provides that state usury limitations will not apply to certain types of residential (including multifamily) first mortgage loans originated by certain lenders after March 31, 1980. Title V authorized any state to reimpose interest rate limits by adopting, before April 1, 1983, a law or constitutional provision that expressly rejects application of the federal law. In addition, even where Title V is not so rejected, any state is authorized by the law to adopt a provision limiting discount points or other charges on mortgage loans covered by Title V. Certain states have taken action to reimpose interest rate limits and/or to limit discount points or other charges.
Statutes differ in their provisions as to the consequences of a usurious loan. One group of statutes requires the lender to forfeit the interest due above the applicable limit or impose a specified penalty. Under this statutory scheme, the borrower may cancel the recorded mortgage or deed of trust upon paying its debt with lawful interest, and the lender may foreclose, but only for the debt plus lawful interest. A second group of statutes is more severe. A violation of this type of usury law results in the invalidation of the transaction, thereby permitting the borrower to cancel the recorded mortgage or deed of trust without any payment or prohibiting the lender from foreclosing.
Americans with Disabilities Act
Under Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and related regulations (collectively, the “ADA”), in order to protect individuals with disabilities, public accommodations (such as hotel properties, restaurants, shopping centers, hospitals, schools and social service center establishments) must remove architectural and communication barriers which are structural in nature from existing places of public accommodation to the extent “readily achievable”. In addition, under the ADA, alterations to a place of public accommodation or a commercial facility are to be made so that, to the maximum extent feasible, such altered portions are readily accessible to and usable by disabled individuals. The “readily achievable” standard takes into account, among other factors, the financial resources of the affected site, owner, landlord or other applicable person. In addition to imposing a possible financial burden on the borrower in its capacity as owner or landlord, the ADA may also impose such requirements on a foreclosing lender who succeeds to the interest of the borrower as owner or landlord. Furthermore, since the “readily achievable”
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standard may vary depending on the financial condition of the owner or landlord, a foreclosing lender who is financially more capable than the borrower of complying with the requirements of the ADA may be subject to more stringent requirements than those to which the borrower is subject.
Servicemembers Civil Relief Act
Under the terms of the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act as amended (the “Relief Act”), a borrower who enters military service after the origination of such borrower’s mortgage loan (including a borrower who was in reserve status and is called to active duty after origination of the mortgage loan), upon notification by such borrower, will not be charged interest, including fees and charges, in excess of 6% per annum during the period of such borrower’s active duty status. In addition to adjusting the interest, the lender must forgive any such interest in excess of 6% unless a court or administrative agency orders otherwise upon application of the lender. The Relief Act applies to individuals who are members of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, National Guard, Reserves, Coast Guard and officers of the U.S. Public Health Service or the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration assigned to duty with the military. Because the Relief Act applies to individuals who enter military service (including reservists who are called to active duty) after origination of the related mortgage loan, no information can be provided as to the number of loans with individuals as borrowers that may be affected by the Relief Act. Application of the Relief Act would adversely affect, for an indeterminate period of time, the ability of the master servicer or special servicer to collect full amounts of interest on certain of the mortgage loans. Any shortfalls in interest collections resulting from the application of the Relief Act would result in a reduction of the amounts distributable to the holders of certificates, and would not be covered by advances or, any form of credit support provided in connection with the certificates. In addition, the Relief Act imposes limitations that would impair the ability of a lender to foreclose on an affected mortgage loan during the borrower’s period of active duty status, and, under certain circumstances, during an additional three-month period thereafter.
Anti-Money Laundering, Economic Sanctions and Bribery
Many jurisdictions have adopted wide-ranging anti-money laundering, economic and trade sanctions, and anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws, and regulations (collectively, the “Requirements”). Any of the depositor, the issuing entity, the underwriters or other party to the PSA could be requested or required to obtain certain assurances from prospective investors intending to purchase certificates and to retain such information or to disclose information pertaining to them to governmental, regulatory or other authorities or to financial intermediaries or engage in due diligence or take other related actions in the future. Failure to honor any request by the depositor, the issuing entity, the underwriters or other party to the PSA to provide requested information or take such other actions as may be necessary or advisable for the depositor, the issuing entity, the underwriters or other party to the PSA to comply with any Requirements, related legal process or appropriate requests (whether formal or informal) may result in, among other things, a forced sale to another investor of such investor’s certificates. In addition, it is expected that each of the depositor, the issuing entity, the underwriters and the other parties to the PSA will comply with the U.S. Bank Secrecy Act, U.S. Bank Secrecy Act, the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (also known as the “Patriot Act”) and any other anti-money laundering and anti-terrorism, economic and trade sanctions, and anti-corruption or anti-bribery laws, and regulations of the United States and other countries, and will disclose any information required or requested by authorities in connection with such compliance.
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Potential Forfeiture of Assets
Federal law provides that assets (including property purchased or improved with assets) derived from criminal activity or otherwise tainted, or used in the commission of certain offenses, is subject to the blocking requirements of economic sanctions laws and regulations, and can be blocked and/or seized and ordered forfeited to the United States of America. The offenses that can trigger such a blocking and/or seizure and forfeiture include, among others, violations of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, the U.S. Bank Secrecy Act, the anti-money laundering, anti-terrorism, economic sanctions, and anti-bribery laws and regulations, including the Patriot Act and the regulations issued pursuant to that act, as well as the narcotic drug laws. In many instances, the United States may seize the property even before a conviction occurs.
In the event of a forfeiture proceeding, a lender may be able to establish its interest in the property by proving that (a) its mortgage was executed and recorded before the commission of the illegal conduct from which the assets used to purchase or improve the property were derived or before the commission of any other crime upon which the forfeiture is based, or (b) the lender, at the time of the execution of the mortgage, “did not know or was reasonably without cause to believe that the property was subject to forfeiture”. However, there is no assurance that such a defense will be successful.
Certain Affiliations, Relationships and Related Transactions Involving Transaction Parties
Wells Fargo Bank and its affiliates are playing several roles in this transaction. Wells Fargo Bank, a sponsor, originator, mortgage loan seller and the holder of one or more of The Shops at Crystals Companion Loans, the Pinnacle II Companion Loans and the One Penn Center Companion Loan, is also the master servicer, the certificate administrator, the REMIC administrator, the custodian, the certificate registrar and the initial Risk Retention Consultation Party under this securitization and an affiliate of Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Securities, Inc., the depositor, and of Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, one of the underwriters. In addition, Wells Fargo Bank is the certificate administrator and the trustee under the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL Trust and Servicing Agreement, which governs the servicing and administration of The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan.
Bank of America, a mortgage loan seller, a sponsor and an originator, is an affiliate of Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, one of the underwriters. Bank of America is the holder of certain of The Shops at Crystals Companion Loans, the One Stamford Forum Companion Loan and the Simon Premium Outlets Companion Loans.
MSMCH, a mortgage loan seller and a sponsor, is an affiliate of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, one of the underwriters, and Morgan Stanley Bank, an originator. Morgan Stanley Bank is the holder of certain of the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Companion Loans.
While Wells Fargo Bank may have undertaken some evaluation of the Mortgage Loans originated or acquired by such mortgage loan sellers, any such review was undertaken by it solely for the purpose of determining whether such Mortgage Loans were eligible for financing under the terms of the related warehouse financing and was unrelated to this offering. In addition, we cannot assure you that such review was undertaken and, if undertaken, any such review was limited in scope to that specific purpose. The related mortgage loan sellers are solely responsible for the underwriting of their Mortgage Loans as well as the Mortgage Loan representations and warranties related thereto.
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Wells Fargo Bank is the interim custodian of the loan files for all of the mortgage loans that Bank of America (except with respect to The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan) and MSMCH will transfer to the depositor.
Pursuant to an interim servicing agreement between Wells Fargo Bank and Bank of America, each a sponsor, an originator and a mortgage loan seller, Wells Fargo Bank acts as primary servicer with respect to certain mortgage loans owned by Bank of America from time to time, including, prior to their inclusion in the trust fund, some or all of the Mortgage Loans that Bank of America will transfer to the depositor.
Pursuant to certain interim servicing agreements between Wells Fargo Bank and MSMCH, a sponsor and a mortgage loan seller, or Wells Fargo Bank and certain affiliates of MSMCH, Wells Fargo Bank acts as primary servicer with respect to certain mortgage loans owned by MSMCH and such affiliates from time to time, including, prior to their inclusion in the trust fund, some or all of the Mortgage Loans that MSMCH will transfer to the depositor.
See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Conflicts of Interest—Potential Conflicts of Interest of the Master Servicer and the Special Servicer”, “—Potential Conflicts of Interest of the Asset Representations Reviewer”, “—Potential Conflicts of Interest of the Directing Certificateholder and the Companion Holders” and “—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Performance of the Mortgage Loans Will Be Highly Dependent on the Performance of Tenants ad Tenant Leases—Mortgaged Properties Leased to Borrowers or Borrower Affiliated Entities Also Have Risks”. For a description of certain other affiliations, relationships and related transactions, to the extent known and material, among the transaction parties, see the individual descriptions of the transaction parties under “Transaction Parties”.
Pending Legal Proceedings Involving Transaction Parties
While the sponsors have been involved in, and are currently involved in, certain litigation or potential litigation, including actions relating to repurchase claims, there are no legal proceedings pending, or any proceedings known to be contemplated by any governmental authorities, against the sponsors that are material to Certificateholders.
For a description of certain other material legal proceedings pending against the transaction parties, see the individual descriptions of the transaction parties under “Transaction Parties”.
Use of Proceeds
Certain of the net proceeds from the sale of the Offered Certificates, together with the net proceeds from the sale of the other certificates not being offered by this prospectus, will be used by the depositor to purchase the mortgage loans from the mortgage loan sellers and to pay certain expenses in connection with the issuance of the certificates.
Yield and Maturity Considerations
Yield Considerations
General
The yield to maturity on the Offered Certificates will depend upon the price paid by the investors, the rate and timing of the distributions in reduction of the Certificate Balance or Notional Amount of the applicable class of Offered Certificates, the extent to which Yield
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Maintenance Charges and Prepayment Premiums allocated to the class of Offered Certificates are collected, and the rate, timing and severity of losses on the Mortgage Loans and the extent to which such losses are allocable in reduction of the Certificate Balance or Notional Amount of the class of Offered Certificates, as well as prevailing interest rates at the time of payment or loss realization.
Rate and Timing of Principal Payments
The rate and amount of distributions in reduction of the Certificate Balance of any class of Offered Certificates that are also Principal Balance Certificates and the yield to maturity of any class of Offered Certificates will be directly related to the rate of payments of principal (both scheduled and unscheduled) on the Mortgage Loans, as well as borrower defaults and the severity of losses occurring upon a default and the resulting rate and timing of collections made in connection with liquidations of Mortgage Loans due to these defaults. Principal payments on the Mortgage Loans will be affected by their amortization schedules, lockout periods, defeasance provisions, provisions relating to the release and/or application of earnout reserves, provisions requiring prepayments in connection with the release of real property collateral, requirements to pay Yield Maintenance Charges or Prepayment Premiums in connection with principal payments, the dates on which balloon payments are due, incentives for a borrower to repay an ARD Loan by the related Anticipated Repayment Date, property release provisions, provisions relating to the application or release of earnout reserves, and any extensions of maturity dates by the master servicer or special servicer. While voluntary prepayments of some Mortgage Loans are generally prohibited during applicable prepayment lockout periods, effective prepayments may occur if a sufficiently significant portion of a mortgaged property is lost due to casualty or condemnation. In addition, such distributions in reduction of Certificate Balances of the respective classes of Offered Certificates that are also Principal Balance Certificates may result from repurchases of, or substitutions for, Mortgage Loans made by the sponsors due to missing or defective documentation or breaches of representations and warranties with respect to the Mortgage Loans as described under “Description of the Mortgage Loan Purchase Agreements” or purchases of the Mortgage Loans in the manner described under “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Termination; Retirement of Certificates”. To the extent a Mortgage Loan requires payment of a Yield Maintenance Charge or Prepayment Premium in connection with a voluntary prepayment, any such Yield Maintenance Charge or Prepayment Premium generally is not due in connection with a prepayment due to casualty or condemnation, is not included in the purchase price of a Mortgage Loan purchased or repurchased due to a breach of a representation or warranty or otherwise, and may not be enforceable or collectible upon a default.
Because the certificates with Notional Amounts are not entitled to distributions of principal, the yield on such certificates will be extremely sensitive to prepayments received in respect of the Mortgage Loans allocated to the Non-Retained Certificates to the extent distributed to reduce the related Notional Amount of the applicable class of certificates. In addition, although the borrower under an ARD Loan may have certain incentives to prepay such ARD Loan on its Anticipated Repayment Date, we cannot assure you that the borrower will be able to prepay such ARD Loan on its related Anticipated Repayment Date. The failure of the borrower to prepay an ARD Loan on its Anticipated Repayment Date will not be an event of default under the terms of such ARD Loan, and pursuant to the terms of the PSA, neither the master servicer nor the special servicer will be permitted to take any enforcement action with respect to the borrower’s failure to pay Excess Interest until the scheduled maturity of such ARD Loan; provided that the master servicer or special servicer, as the case may be, may take action to enforce the issuing entity’s right to apply excess cash flow to principal in accordance with the terms of the respective ARD Loan documents.
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With respect to the Class A-SB certificates, the extent to which the planned balances are achieved and the sensitivity of the Class A-SB certificates to principal prepayments on the mortgage loans allocated to the Non-Retained Certificates will depend in part on the period of time during which the Class A-1, Class A-2 and Class A-3 certificates remain outstanding. As such, the Class A-SB certificates will become more sensitive to the rate of prepayments on the mortgage loans allocated to the Non-Retained Certificates than they were when the Class A-1, Class A-2 and Class A-3 certificates were outstanding.
The extent to which the yield to maturity of any class of Offered Certificates may vary from the anticipated yield will depend upon the degree to which the certificates are purchased at a discount or premium and when, and to what degree, payments of principal on the Mortgage Loans are in turn distributed on the certificates or, in the case of the Class X-A or Class X-B certificates with a Notional Amount, applied to reduce their Notional Amounts. An investor should consider, in the case of any certificate (other than a certificate with a Notional Amount) purchased at a discount, the risk that a slower than anticipated rate of principal payments on the Mortgage Loans allocated to the Non-Retained Certificates could result in an actual yield to such investor that is lower than the anticipated yield and, in the case of any certificate purchased at a premium (including certificates with Notional Amounts), the risk that a faster than anticipated rate of principal payments could result in an actual yield to such investor that is lower than the anticipated yield. In general, the earlier a payment of principal on the Mortgage Loans is distributed or otherwise results in reduction of the Certificate Balance of a certificate purchased at a discount or premium, the greater will be the effect on an investor’s yield to maturity. As a result, the effect on an investor’s yield of principal payments distributed on an investor’s certificates occurring at a rate higher (or lower) than the rate anticipated by the investor during any particular period would not be fully offset by a subsequent like reduction (or increase) in the rate of principal payments.
The yield on each of the classes of certificates that have a Pass-Through Rate equal to, limited by, or based on, the WAC Rate could (or in the case of any class of certificates with a Pass-Through Rate equal to, or based on, the WAC Rate, would) be adversely affected if Mortgage Loans with higher Mortgage Rates prepay faster than Mortgage Loans with lower Mortgage Rates. The Pass-Through Rates on these classes of certificates may be adversely affected by a decrease in the WAC Rate even if principal prepayments do not occur.
Losses and Shortfalls
The Certificate Balance or Notional Amount of any class of Offered Certificates may be reduced without distributions of principal as a result of the occurrence and allocation of Realized Losses, reducing the maximum amount distributable in respect of principal on the Offered Certificates that are Principal Balance Certificates as well as the amount of interest that would have otherwise been payable on the Offered Certificates in the absence of such reduction. In general, a Realized Loss occurs when the principal balance of a Mortgage Loan is reduced without a ratable distribution (based on the allocation of amounts among the Non-Retained Certificates, on the one hand, and the RRI Interest, on the other hand) to applicable Certificateholders in reduction of the Certificate Balances of the certificates. Realized Losses may occur in connection with a default on a Mortgage Loan, acceptance of a discounted pay-off, the liquidation of the related Mortgaged Properties, a reduction in the principal balance of a Mortgage Loan by a bankruptcy court or pursuant to a modification, a recovery by the master servicer or trustee of a Nonrecoverable Advance on a Distribution Date or the incurrence of certain unanticipated or default-related costs and expenses (such as interest on Advances, Workout Fees, Liquidation Fees and Special Servicing Fees). Any reduction of the Certificate Balances of the classes of certificates indicated in the table
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below as a result of the application of Realized Losses will also reduce the Notional Amount of the related certificates.
Interest-Only | Class Notional Amount | Underlying Classes | ||
Class X-A | $ 578,920,000 | Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-SB certificates | ||
Class X-B | $ 150,933,000 | Class A-S, Class B and Class C certificates |
Certificateholders are not entitled to receive distributions of Periodic Payments when due except to the extent they are either covered by a P&I Advance or actually received. Consequently, any defaulted Periodic Payment for which no such P&I Advance is made will tend to extend the weighted average lives of the Offered Certificates, whether or not a permitted extension of the due date of the related Mortgage Loan has been completed.
Certain Relevant Factors Affecting Loan Payments and Defaults
The rate and timing of principal payments and defaults and the severity of losses on the Mortgage Loans may be affected by a number of factors, including, without limitation, the availability of credit for commercial or multifamily real estate, prevailing interest rates, the terms of the Mortgage Loans (for example, due-on-sale clauses, lockout periods or Yield Maintenance Charges, release of property provisions, amortization terms that require balloon payments and incentives for a borrower to repay its mortgage loan by an anticipated repayment date), the demographics and relative economic vitality of the areas in which the Mortgaged Properties are located and the general supply and demand for rental properties in those areas, the quality of management of the Mortgaged Properties, the servicing of the Mortgage Loans, possible changes in tax laws and other opportunities for investment. See “Risk Factors” and “Description of the Mortgage Pool”.
The rate of prepayment on the pool of Mortgage Loans is likely to be affected by prevailing market interest rates for Mortgage Loans of a comparable type, term and risk level as the Mortgage Loans. When the prevailing market interest rate is below a mortgage interest rate, a borrower may have an increased incentive to refinance its Mortgage Loan. Although the Mortgage Loans contain provisions designed to mitigate the likelihood of an early loan repayment, we cannot assure you that the related borrowers will refrain from prepaying their Mortgage Loans due to the existence of these provisions, or that involuntary prepayments will not occur. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Certain Terms of the Mortgage Loans”.
With respect to certain Mortgage Loans, the related Mortgage Loan documents allow for the sale of individual properties and the severance of the related debt and the assumption by the transferee of such portion of the Mortgage Loan as-is allocable to the individual property acquired by that transferee, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions. In addition, with respect to certain Mortgage Loans, the related Mortgage Loan documents allow for partial releases of individual Mortgaged Properties during a lockout period or during such time as a Yield Maintenance Charge would otherwise be payable, which could result in a prepayment of a portion of the initial principal balance of the related Mortgage Loan without payment of a Yield Maintenance Charge or Prepayment Premium. Additionally, in the case of a partial release of an individual Mortgaged Property, the related release amount in many cases is greater than the allocated loan amount for the Mortgaged Property being released, which would result in a greater than proportionate paydown of the Mortgage Loan. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Certain Terms of the Mortgage Loans— Releases; Partial Releases”.
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Depending on prevailing market interest rates, the outlook for market interest rates and economic conditions generally, some borrowers may sell Mortgaged Properties in order to realize their equity in the Mortgaged Property, to meet cash flow needs or to make other investments. In addition, some borrowers may be motivated by federal and state tax laws (which are subject to change) to sell Mortgaged Properties prior to the exhaustion of tax depreciation benefits.
We make no representation as to the particular factors that will affect the rate and timing of prepayments and defaults on the Mortgage Loans, as to the relative importance of those factors, as to the percentage of the principal balance of the Mortgage Loans that will be prepaid or as to which a default will have occurred as of any date or as to the overall rate of prepayment or default on the Mortgage Loans.
Delay in Payment of Distributions
Because each monthly distribution is made on each Distribution Date, which is at least 15 days after the end of the related Interest Accrual Period for the certificates, the effective yield to the holders of such certificates will be lower than the yield that would otherwise be produced by the applicable Pass-Through Rates and purchase prices (assuming the prices did not account for the delay).
Yield on the Certificates with Notional Amounts
The yield to maturity of the certificates with a Notional Amount will be highly sensitive to the rate and timing of reductions made to the Certificate Balances of the classes of certificates indicated in the table below, including by reason of prepayments and principal losses on the Mortgage Loans allocated to the Non-Retained Certificates and other factors described above.
Interest-Only | Class Notional Amount | Underlying Classes | ||
Class X-A | $ 578,920,000 | Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-SB certificates | ||
Class X-B | $ 150,933,000 | Class A-S, Class B and Class C certificates |
Any optional termination by the holders of the Controlling Class, the special servicer, the master servicer or the holders of the Class R certificates would result in prepayment in full of the Offered Certificates and would have an adverse effect on the yield of a class of the certificates with a Notional Amount because a termination would have an effect similar to a principal prepayment in full of the Mortgage Loans and, as a result, investors in these certificates and any other Offered Certificates purchased at premium might not fully recoup their initial investment. See “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Termination; Retirement of Certificates”.
Investors in the certificates with a Notional Amount should fully consider the associated risks, including the risk that an extremely rapid rate of prepayment or other liquidation of the Mortgage Loans could result in the failure of such investors to recoup fully their initial investments.
Weighted Average Life
The weighted average life of a Principal Balance Certificate refers to the average amount of time that will elapse from the date of its issuance until each dollar to be applied in reduction of the aggregate certificate balance of those certificates is paid to the related
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investor. The weighted average life of a Principal Balance Certificate will be influenced by, among other things, the rate at which principal on the Mortgage Loans is paid or otherwise received, which may be in the form of scheduled amortization, voluntary prepayments, Insurance and Condemnation Proceeds and Liquidation Proceeds. Distributions among the various classes of certificates will be made as set forth under “Description of the Certificates—Distributions—Priority of Distributions” and “Credit Risk Retention—RRI Interest—Priority of Distributions”.
Prepayments on Mortgage Loans may be measured by a prepayment standard or model. The “Constant Prepayment Rate” or “CPR” model represents an assumed constant annual rate of prepayment each month, expressed as a per annum percentage of the then-scheduled principal balance of the pool of Mortgage Loans. The “CPY” model represents an assumed CPR prepayment rate after any applicable lockout period, any applicable period in which defeasance is permitted and any applicable yield maintenance period. The depositor also may utilize the “CPP” model, which represents an assumed CPR prepayment rate after any applicable lockout period, any applicable period in which defeasance is permitted, any applicable yield maintenance period and after any fixed penalty period. The model used in this prospectus is the CPP model. As used in each of the following tables, the column headed “0% CPP” assumes that none of the Mortgage Loans is prepaid before its maturity date or Anticipated Repayment Date, as the case may be. The columns headed “25% CPP”, “50% CPP”, “75% CPP” and “100% CPP” assume that prepayments on the Mortgage Loans are made at those levels of CPP. We cannot assure you, however, that prepayments of the Mortgage Loans will conform to any level of CPP, and we make no representation that the Mortgage Loans will prepay at the levels of CPP shown or at any other prepayment rate.
The following tables indicate the percentage of the initial Certificate Balance of each class of the Offered Certificates that are also Principal Balance Certificates that would be outstanding after each of the dates shown at various CPPs and the corresponding weighted average life of each such class of Offered Certificates. The tables have been prepared on the basis of the following assumptions (the “Structuring Assumptions”), among others:
· | except as otherwise set forth below, the Mortgage Loans have the characteristics set forth on Annex A-1 and the aggregate Cut-off Date Balance of the Mortgage Loans is as described in this prospectus; |
· | the initial aggregate certificate balance or notional amount, as the case may be, of each interest-bearing class of certificates is as described in this prospectus; |
· | the pass-through rate for each interest-bearing class of certificates is as described in this prospectus; |
· | no delinquencies, defaults or losses occur with respect to any of the Mortgage Loans; |
· | no additional trust fund expenses (including Operating Advisor Expenses) arise, no Servicing Advances are made under the PSA and the only expenses of the issuing entity consist of the Certificate Administrator/Trustee Fees, the Servicing Fees, the CREFC® Intellectual Property Royalty License Fees, the Asset Representations Reviewer Fees and the Operating Advisor fees, each as set forth on Annex A-1; |
· | there are no modifications, extensions, waivers or amendments affecting the monthly debt service payments by borrowers on the Mortgage Loans; |
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· | each of the Mortgage Loans provides for monthly debt service payments to be due on the first day of each month, regardless of the actual day of the month on which those payments are otherwise due and regardless of whether the subject date is a business day or not; |
· | all monthly debt service or balloon payments on the Mortgage Loans are timely received by the master servicer on behalf of the issuing entity on the day on which they are assumed to be due or paid as described in the immediately preceding bullet; |
· | each ARD Loan in the trust fund is paid in full on its Anticipated Repayment Date; |
· | no involuntary prepayments are received as to any Mortgage Loan at any time (including, without limitation, as a result of any application of escrows, reserve or holdback amounts if performance criteria are not satisfied); |
· | with respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as Aurora Office Building, representing approximately 3.7% of the Initial Pool Balance, the Mortgage Loan satisfies the debt service coverage ratio at all times so that no voluntary prepayment is permitted by the related borrower to avoid triggering a cash management event; |
· | except as described in the next two succeeding bullets, no voluntary prepayments are received as to any Mortgage Loan during that Mortgage Loan’s prepayment lockout period, any period when defeasance is permitted, or during any period when principal prepayments on that Mortgage Loan are required to be accompanied by a Prepayment Premium or Yield Maintenance Charge; |
· | except as otherwise assumed in the immediately preceding two bullets, prepayments are made on each of the Mortgage Loans at the indicated CPPs set forth in the subject tables or other relevant part of this prospectus, without regard to any limitations in those Mortgage Loans on partial voluntary principal prepayments; |
· | all prepayments on the Mortgage Loans are assumed to be accompanied by a full month’s interest and no Prepayment Interest Shortfalls occur; |
· | no Yield Maintenance Charges or Prepayment Premiums are collected; |
· | no person or entity entitled thereto exercises its right of optional termination as described in this prospectus; |
· | no Mortgage Loan is required to be repurchased, and none of the holders of the Controlling Class (or any other Certificateholder), the special servicer, the master servicer or the holders of the Class R certificates will exercise its option to purchase all the Mortgage Loans and thereby cause an early termination of the issuing entity and no holder of any Subordinate Companion Loan, mezzanine debt or other indebtedness will exercise its option to purchase the related Mortgage Loan; |
· | distributions on the Offered Certificates are made on the 15th day of each month, commencing in September 2016; and |
· | the Offered Certificates are settled with investors on August 18, 2016. |
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To the extent that the Mortgage Loans have characteristics that differ from those assumed in preparing the tables set forth below, a class of the Offered Certificates that are also Principal Balance Certificates may mature earlier or later than indicated by the tables. The tables set forth below are for illustrative purposes only and it is highly unlikely that the Mortgage Loans will actually prepay at any constant rate until maturity or that all the Mortgage Loans will prepay at the same rate. In addition, variations in the actual prepayment experience and the balance of the Mortgage Loans that prepay may increase or decrease the percentages of initial Certificate Balances (and weighted average lives) shown in the following tables. These variations may occur even if the average prepayment experience of the Mortgage Loans were to equal any of the specified CPP percentages. Investors should not rely on the prepayment assumptions set forth in this prospectus and are urged to conduct their own analyses of the rates at which the Mortgage Loans may be expected to prepay, based on their own assumptions. Based on the foregoing assumptions, the following tables indicate the resulting weighted average lives of each class of Offered Certificates and set forth the percentage of the initial Certificate Balance of the class of the certificate that would be outstanding after each of the dates shown at the indicated CPPs.
Percent of the Initial Certificate Balance
of the Class A-1 Certificates at the Respective CPPs
Set Forth Below:
Distribution Date | 0% CPP | 25% CPP | 50% CPP | 75% CPP | 100% CPP | ||||||||||
Closing Date | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2017 | 86 | % | 86 | % | 86 | % | 86 | % | 86 | % | |||||
August 2018 | 70 | % | 70 | % | 70 | % | 70 | % | 70 | % | |||||
August 2019 | 51 | % | 51 | % | 51 | % | 51 | % | 51 | % | |||||
August 2020 | 26 | % | 26 | % | 26 | % | 26 | % | 26 | % | |||||
August 2021 and thereafter | 0 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % | |||||
Weighted Average Life (years) | 2.87 | 2.87 | 2.87 | 2.87 | 2.87 |
Percent of the Initial Certificate Balance
of the Class A-2 Certificates at the Respective CPPs
Set Forth Below:
Distribution Date | 0% CPP | 25% CPP | 50% CPP | 75% CPP | 100% CPP | ||||||||||
Closing Date | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2017 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2018 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2019 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2020 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2021 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2022 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2023 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2024 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2025 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 99 | % | 99 | % | 95 | % | |||||
August 2026 and thereafter | 0 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % | |||||
Weighted Average Life (years) | 9.73 | 9.68 | 9.62 | 9.54 | 9.36 |
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Percent of the Initial Certificate Balance
of the Class A-3 Certificates at the Respective CPPs
Set Forth Below:
Distribution Date | 0% CPP | 25% CPP | 50% CPP | 75% CPP | 100% CPP | ||||||||||
Closing Date | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2017 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2018 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2019 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2020 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2021 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2022 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2023 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2024 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2025 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2026 and thereafter | 0 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % | |||||
Weighted Average Life (years) | 9.89 | 9.88 | 9.86 | 9.82 | 9.53 |
Percent of the Initial Certificate Balance
of the Class A-SB Certificates at the Respective CPPs
Set Forth Below:
Distribution Date | 0% CPP | 25% CPP | 50% CPP | 75% CPP | 100% CPP | ||||||||||
Closing Date | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2017 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2018 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2019 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2020 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2021 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2022 | 77 | % | 77 | % | 77 | % | 77 | % | 77 | % | |||||
August 2023 | 52 | % | 52 | % | 52 | % | 52 | % | 52 | % | |||||
August 2024 | 27 | % | 27 | % | 27 | % | 27 | % | 27 | % | |||||
August 2025 and thereafter | 0 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % | |||||
Weighted Average Life (years) | 7.09 | 7.09 | 7.09 | 7.09 | 7.10 |
Percent of the Initial Certificate Balance
of the Class A-S Certificates at the Respective CPPs
Set Forth Below:
Distribution Date | 0% CPP | 25% CPP | 50% CPP | 75% CPP | 100% CPP | ||||||||||
Closing Date | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2017 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2018 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2019 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2020 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2021 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2022 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2023 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2024 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2025 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2026 and thereafter | 0 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % | |||||
Weighted Average Life (years) | 9.92 | 9.91 | 9.91 | 9.91 | 9.61 |
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Percent of the Initial Certificate Balance
of the Class B Certificates at the Respective CPPs
Set Forth Below:
Distribution Date | 0% CPP | 25% CPP | 50% CPP | 75% CPP | 100% CPP | ||||||||||
Closing Date | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2017 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2018 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2019 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2020 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2021 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2022 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2023 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2024 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2025 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2026 and thereafter | 0 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % | |||||
Weighted Average Life (years) | 9.99 | 9.97 | 9.92 | 9.91 | 9.66 |
Percent of the Initial Certificate Balance
of the Class C Certificates at the Respective CPPs
Set Forth Below:
Distribution Date | 0% CPP | 25% CPP | 50% CPP | 75% CPP | 100% CPP | ||||||||||
Closing Date | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2017 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2018 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2019 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2020 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2021 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2022 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2023 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2024 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2025 | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||
August 2026 and thereafter | 0 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % | |||||
Weighted Average Life (years) | 9.99 | 9.99 | 9.99 | 9.93 | 9.66 |
Pre-Tax Yield to Maturity Tables
The following tables indicate the approximate pre-tax yield to maturity on a corporate bond equivalent basis on the Offered Certificates for the specified CPPs based on the assumptions set forth under “—Weighted Average Life” above. It was further assumed that the purchase price of the Offered Certificates is as specified in the tables below, expressed as a percentage of the initial Certificate Balance or Notional Amount, as applicable, plus accrued interest from August 1, 2016 to the Closing Date.
The yields set forth in the following tables were calculated by determining the monthly discount rates that, when applied to the assumed streams of cash flows to be paid on the applicable class of Offered Certificates, would cause the discounted present value of such assumed stream of cash flows to equal the assumed purchase price of such class plus accrued interest, and by converting such monthly rates to semi-annual corporate bond equivalent rates. Such calculations do not take into account shortfalls in collection of interest due to prepayments (or other liquidations) of the Mortgage Loans or the interest rates at which investors may be able to reinvest funds received by them as distributions on the applicable class of certificates (and, accordingly, do not purport to reflect the return on
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any investment in the applicable class of Offered Certificates when such reinvestment rates are considered).
The characteristics of the Mortgage Loans may differ from those assumed in preparing the tables below. In addition, we cannot assure you that the Mortgage Loans will prepay in accordance with the above assumptions at any of the rates shown in the tables or at any other particular rate, that the cash flows on the applicable class of Offered Certificates will correspond to the cash flows shown in this prospectus or that the aggregate purchase price of such class of Offered Certificates will be as assumed. In addition, it is unlikely that the Mortgage Loans will prepay in accordance with the above assumptions at any of the specified CPPs until maturity or that all the Mortgage Loans will so prepay at the same rate. Timing of changes in the rate of prepayments may significantly affect the actual yield to maturity to investors, even if the average rate of principal prepayments is consistent with the expectations of investors. Investors must make their own decisions as to the appropriate prepayment assumption to be used in deciding whether to purchase any class of Offered Certificates.
For purposes of this prospectus, prepayment assumptions with respect to the Mortgage Loans are presented in terms of the CPP model described under “—Weighted Average Life” above.
Pre-Tax Yield to Maturity for the Class A-1 Certificates
Assumed Purchase Price |
Prepayment Assumption (CPP) | |||||||||
0% CPP | 25% CPP | 50% CPP | 75% CPP | 100% CPP | ||||||
Pre-Tax Yield to Maturity for the Class A-2 Certificates
Assumed Purchase Price |
Prepayment Assumption (CPP) | |||||||||
0% CPP | 25% CPP | 50% CPP | 75% CPP | 100% CPP | ||||||
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Pre-Tax Yield to Maturity for the Class A-3 Certificates
Assumed Purchase Price |
Prepayment Assumption (CPP) | |||||||||
0% CPP | 25% CPP | 50% CPP | 75% CPP | 100% CPP | ||||||
Pre-Tax Yield to Maturity for the Class A-SB Certificates
Assumed Purchase Price |
Prepayment Assumption (CPP) | |||||||||
0% CPP | 25% CPP | 50% CPP | 75% CPP | 100% CPP | ||||||
Pre-Tax Yield to Maturity for the Class A-S Certificates
Assumed Purchase Price |
Prepayment Assumption (CPP) | |||||||||
0% CPP | 25% CPP | 50% CPP | 75% CPP | 100% CPP | ||||||
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Pre-Tax Yield to Maturity for the Class B Certificates
Assumed Purchase Price |
Prepayment Assumption (CPP) | |||||||||
0% CPP | 25% CPP | 50% CPP | 75% CPP | 100% CPP | ||||||
Pre-Tax Yield to Maturity for the Class C Certificates
Assumed Purchase Price |
Prepayment Assumption (CPP) | |||||||||
0% CPP | 25% CPP | 50% CPP | 75% CPP | 100% CPP | ||||||
Pre-Tax Yield to Maturity for the Class X-A Certificates
Assumed Purchase Price |
Prepayment Assumption (CPP) | |||||||||
0% CPP | 25% CPP | 50% CPP | 75% CPP | 100% CPP | ||||||
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Pre-Tax Yield to Maturity for the Class X-B Certificates
Assumed Purchase Price |
Prepayment Assumption (CPP) | |||||||||
0% CPP | 25% CPP | 50% CPP | 75% CPP | 100% CPP | ||||||
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Material Federal Income Tax Considerations
General
The following is a general discussion of the anticipated material federal income tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of the certificates. The discussion below does not purport to address all federal income tax consequences that may be applicable to particular categories of investors (such as banks, insurance companies, securities dealers, foreign persons, investors whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar, and investors that hold the certificates as part of a “straddle” or “conversion transaction”), some of which may be subject to special rules. The authorities on which this discussion is based are subject to change or differing interpretations, and any such change or interpretation could apply retroactively. This discussion reflects the applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), as well as regulations (the “REMIC Regulations”) promulgated by the U.S. Department of the Treasury and the IRS. Investors are encouraged to consult their tax advisors in determining the federal, state, local or any other tax consequences to them of the purchase, ownership and disposition of the certificates.
Two separate real estate mortgage investment conduit (“REMIC”) elections will be made with respect to designated portions of the issuing entity (the “Lower-Tier REMIC” and the “Upper-Tier REMIC”, and, together, the “Trust REMICs”). The Lower-Tier REMIC will hold the Mortgage Loans (excluding Excess Interest) and certain other assets and will issue (i) certain classes of regular interests (the “Lower-Tier Regular Interests”) to the Upper-Tier REMIC and (ii) an uncertificated interest represented by the Class R certificates as the sole class of “residual interests” in the Lower-Tier REMIC.
The Upper-Tier REMIC will hold the Lower-Tier Regular Interests and will issue (i) the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3, Class A-SB, Class X-A, Class X-B, Class X-D, Class X-E, Class X-F, Class X-G, Class A-S, Class B, Class C, Class D, Class E, Class F and Class G certificates and the RRI Interest (in the case of the RRI Interest, excluding the right to receive Excess Interest) (the “Regular Interests”), each representing a regular interest in the Upper-Tier REMIC and (ii) an uncertificated interest represented by the Class R certificates as the sole class of “residual interests” in the Upper-Tier REMIC.
Qualification as a REMIC requires ongoing compliance with certain conditions. Assuming (i) the making of appropriate elections, (ii) compliance with the PSA and any Intercreditor Agreement, (iii) compliance with the provisions of any Non-Serviced PSA and any amendments thereto and the continued qualification of the REMICs formed under any Non-Serviced PSA and (iv) compliance with any changes in the law, including any amendments to the Code or applicable Treasury regulations thereunder, in the opinion of Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft LLP, special tax counsel to the depositor, (a) each Trust REMIC will qualify as a REMIC on the Closing Date and thereafter, (b) each of the Lower-Tier Regular Interests will constitute a “regular interest” in the Lower-Tier REMIC, (c) each of the Regular Interests will constitute a “regular interest” in the Upper-Tier REMIC and (d) the Class R certificates will evidence the sole class of “residual interests” in each Trust REMIC.
In addition, in the opinion of Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft LLP, special tax counsel to the depositor, the Excess Interest and the Excess Interest Distribution Account will be treated as a grantor trust (the “Grantor Trust”) for federal income tax purposes under
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subpart E, part I of subchapter J of the Code, and the RRI Interest and the Class V certificates will represent undivided beneficial interests in the Grantor Trust.
Qualification as a REMIC
In order for each Trust REMIC to qualify as a REMIC, there must be ongoing compliance on the part of such Trust REMIC with the requirements set forth in the Code. Each Trust REMIC must fulfill an asset test, which requires that no more than a de minimis portion of the assets of such Trust REMIC, as of the close of the third calendar month beginning after the Closing Date (which for purposes of this discussion is the date of the issuance of the Regular Interests, the “Startup Day”) and at all times thereafter, may consist of assets other than “qualified mortgages” and “permitted investments”. The REMIC Regulations provide a safe harbor pursuant to which the de minimis requirements will be met if at all times the aggregate adjusted basis of the nonqualified assets is less than 1% of the aggregate adjusted basis of all such Trust REMIC’s assets. Each Trust REMIC also must provide “reasonable arrangements” to prevent its residual interest from being held by “disqualified organizations” or their agents and must furnish applicable tax information to transferors or agents that violate this restriction. The PSA will provide that no legal or beneficial interest in the Class R certificates may be transferred or registered unless certain conditions, designed to prevent violation of this restriction, are met. Consequently, it is expected that each Trust REMIC will qualify as a REMIC at all times that any of its regular interests are outstanding.
A qualified mortgage is any obligation that is principally secured by an interest in real property and that is either transferred to a REMIC on the Startup Day or is purchased by a REMIC within a 3 month period thereafter pursuant to a fixed price contract in effect on the Startup Day. Qualified mortgages include (i) whole mortgage loans or split-note interests in such mortgage loans, such as the Mortgage Loans; provided that, in general, (a) the fair market value of the real property security (including buildings and structural components of the real property security) (reduced by (1) the amount of any lien on the real property security that is senior to the Mortgage Loan and (2) a proportionate amount of any lien on the real property security that is in parity with the Mortgage Loan) is at least 80% of the aggregate principal balance of such Mortgage Loan either at origination or as of the Startup Day (a loan-to-value ratio of not more than 125% with respect to the real property security) or (b) substantially all the proceeds of the Mortgage Loan were used to acquire, improve or protect an interest in real property that, at the date of origination, was the only security for the Mortgage Loan, and (ii) regular interests in another REMIC, such as the Lower-Tier Regular Interests that will be held by the Upper-Tier REMIC. If a Mortgage Loan was not in fact principally secured by real property or is otherwise not a qualified mortgage, it must be disposed of within 90 days of discovery of such defect, or otherwise ceases to be a qualified mortgage after such 90-day period.
Permitted investments include “cash flow investments”, “qualified reserve assets” and “foreclosure property”. A cash flow investment is an investment, earning a return in the nature of interest, of amounts received on or with respect to qualified mortgages for a temporary period, not exceeding 13 months, until the next scheduled distribution to holders of interests in the REMIC. A qualified reserve asset is any intangible property held for investment that is part of any reasonably required reserve maintained by the REMIC to provide for payments of expenses of the REMIC or amounts due on its regular or residual interests in the event of defaults (including delinquencies) on the qualified mortgages, lower than expected reinvestment returns, Prepayment Interest Shortfalls and certain other contingencies. The Trust REMICs will not hold any qualified reserve assets. Foreclosure property is real property acquired by a REMIC in connection with the default or imminent
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default of a qualified mortgage and maintained by the REMIC in compliance with applicable rules and personal property that is incidental to such real property; provided that the mortgage loan sellers had no knowledge or reason to know, as of the Startup Day, that such a default had occurred or would occur. Foreclosure property may generally not be held after the close of the third calendar year beginning after the date the issuing entity acquires such property, with one extension that may be granted by the IRS.
A mortgage loan held by a REMIC will fail to be a qualified mortgage if it is “significantly modified” unless default is “reasonably foreseeable” or where the servicer believes there is a “significant risk of default” upon maturity of the mortgage loan or at an earlier date, and that by making such modification the risk of default is substantially reduced. A mortgage loan held by a REMIC will not be considered to have been “significantly modified” following the release of the lien on a portion of the real property collateral if (a) the release is pursuant to a defeasance permitted under the Mortgage Loan documents that occurs more than two years after the startup day of the REMIC or (b) following the release the loan-to-value ratio for the mortgage loan is not more than 125% with respect to the real property security. Furthermore, if the release is not pursuant to a defeasance and following the release the loan-to-value ratio for the mortgage loan is greater than 125%, the mortgage loan will continue to be a qualified mortgage if the release is part of a “qualified paydown transaction” in accordance with Revenue Procedure 2010-30.
In addition to the foregoing requirements, the various interests in a REMIC also must meet certain requirements. All of the interests in a REMIC must be either of the following: (i) one or more classes of regular interests or (ii) a single class of residual interests on which distributions, if any, are made pro rata. A regular interest is an interest in a REMIC that is issued on the Startup Day with fixed terms, is designated as a regular interest, and unconditionally entitles the holder to receive a specified principal amount (or other similar amount), and provides that interest payments (or other similar amounts), if any, at or before maturity either are payable based on a fixed rate or a qualified variable rate, or consist of a specified, nonvarying portion of the interest payments on the qualified mortgages. The rate on the specified portion may be a fixed rate, a variable rate, or the difference between one fixed or qualified variable rate and another fixed or qualified variable rate. The specified principal amount of a regular interest that provides for interest payments consisting of a specified, nonvarying portion of interest payments on qualified mortgages may be zero. An interest in a REMIC may be treated as a regular interest even if payments of principal with respect to such interest are subordinated to payments on other regular interests or the residual interest in the REMIC, and are dependent on the absence of defaults or delinquencies on qualified mortgages or permitted investments, lower than reasonably expected returns on permitted investments, expenses incurred by the REMIC or Prepayment Interest Shortfalls. A residual interest is an interest in a REMIC other than a regular interest that is issued on the Startup Day that is designated as a residual interest. Accordingly, each of the Lower-Tier Regular Interests will constitute a class of regular interests in the Lower-Tier REMIC, each class of the Regular Interests will constitute a class of regular interests in the Upper-Tier REMIC, and the Class R certificates will represent the sole class of residual interests in each Trust REMIC.
If an entity fails to comply with one or more of the ongoing requirements of the Code for status as a REMIC during any taxable year, the Code provides that the entity or applicable portion of it will not be treated as a REMIC for such year and thereafter. In this event, any entity with debt obligations with two or more maturities, such as the Trust REMICs, may be treated as a separate association taxable as a corporation under Treasury regulations, and the certificates may be treated as equity interests in such an association. The Code, however, authorizes the Treasury Department to issue regulations that address situations
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where failure to meet one or more of the requirements for REMIC status occurs inadvertently and in good faith. Investors should be aware, however, that the Conference Committee Report to the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (the “1986 Act”) indicates that the relief may be accompanied by sanctions, such as the imposition of a corporate tax on all or a portion of a REMIC’s income for the period of time in which the requirements for REMIC status are not satisfied.
Status of Offered Certificates
Offered Certificates held by a real estate investment trust will constitute “real estate assets” within the meaning of Code Section 856(c)(5)(B), and interest (including original issue discount) on the Offered Certificates will be considered “interest on obligations secured by mortgages on real property or on interests in real property” within the meaning of Code Section 856(c)(3)(B) in the same proportion that, for both purposes, the assets of the issuing entity would be so treated. If at all times 95% or more of the assets of the issuing entity qualify for each of the foregoing treatments, the Offered Certificates will qualify for the corresponding status in their entirety. For the purposes of the foregoing determinations, the Trust REMICs will be treated as a single REMIC. For purposes of Code Section 856(c)(5)(B), payments of principal and interest on the Mortgage Loans that are reinvested pending distribution to holders of Offered Certificates qualify for such treatment. Offered Certificates held by a domestic building and loan association will be treated as “loans . .. . secured by an interest in real property which is . . . residential real property” within the meaning of Code Section 7701(a)(19)(C)(v) or as other assets described in Code Section 7701(a)(19)(C) only to the extent the Mortgage Loans are secured by residential real property. As of the Cut-off Date, one (1) Mortgaged Property securing one Mortgage Loan representing 1.3% of the Initial Pool Balance, is a multifamily property. Holders of Offered Certificates should consult their tax advisors whether the foregoing percentage or some other percentage applies to their Offered Certificates. In addition, Mortgage Loans that have been defeased with government securities will not qualify for such treatment. Offered Certificates will be “qualified mortgages” within the meaning of Code Section 860G(a)(3) for another REMIC if transferred to that REMIC within a prescribed time period in exchange for regular or residual interests in that REMIC. Moreover, Offered Certificates held by certain financial institutions will constitute an “evidence of indebtedness” within the meaning of Code Section 582(c)(1).
Taxation of Regular Interests
General
Each class of Regular Interests represents a regular interest in the Upper-Tier REMIC. The Regular Interests will represent newly originated debt instruments for federal income tax purposes. In general, interest, original issue discount and market discount on a Regular Interest will be treated as ordinary income to the holder of a Regular Interest (a “Regular Interestholder”), and principal payments on a Regular Interest will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of the Regular Interestholder’s basis in the Regular Interest. Regular Interestholders must use the accrual method of accounting with regard to the Regular Interests, regardless of the method of accounting otherwise used by such Regular Interestholders.
Original Issue Discount
Holders of Regular Interests issued with original issue discount generally must include original issue discount in ordinary income for federal income tax purposes as it accrues in
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accordance with the constant yield method, which takes into account the compounding of interest, in advance of receipt of the cash attributable to such income. The following discussion is based in part on temporary and final Treasury regulations (the “OID Regulations”) under Code Sections 1271 through 1273 and 1275 and in part on the provisions of the 1986 Act. Regular Interestholders should be aware, however, that the OID Regulations do not adequately address certain issues relevant to prepayable securities, such as the Regular Interests. To the extent such issues are not addressed in the OID Regulations, the certificate administrator will apply the methodology described in the Conference Committee Report to the 1986 Act. No assurance can be provided that the IRS will not take a different position as to those matters not currently addressed by the OID Regulations. Moreover, the OID Regulations include an anti-abuse rule allowing the IRS to apply or depart from the OID Regulations if necessary or appropriate to ensure a reasonable tax result in light of the applicable statutory provisions. A tax result will not be considered unreasonable under the anti-abuse rule, however, in the absence of a substantial effect on the present value of a taxpayer’s tax liability. Investors are advised to consult their own tax advisors as to the discussion in this prospectus and the appropriate method for reporting interest and original issue discount with respect to the Regular Interests.
Each Regular Interest will be treated as an installment obligation for purposes of determining the original issue discount includible in a Regular Interestholder’s income. The total amount of original issue discount on a Regular Interest is the excess of the “stated redemption price at maturity” of the Regular Interest over its “issue price”. The issue price of a class of Regular Interests is the first price at which a substantial amount of Regular Interests of such class is sold to investors (excluding bond houses, brokers and underwriters) (in the case of the RRI Interest, as decreased for the portion of the price allocable to the right to receive Excess Interest). Although unclear under the OID Regulations, the certificate administrator will treat the issue price of Regular Interests for which there is no substantial sale as of the issue date as the fair market value of such Regular Interests as of the issue date (in the case of the RRI Interest, as decreased for the portion of the price allocable to the right to receive Excess Interest). The issue price of the Regular Interests also includes the amount paid by an initial Regular Interestholder for accrued interest that relates to a period prior to the issue date of such class of Regular Interests. The stated redemption price at maturity of a Regular Interest is the sum of all payments provided by the debt instrument other than any qualified stated interest payments. Under the OID Regulations, qualified stated interest generally means interest payable at a single fixed rate or a qualified variable rate; provided that such interest payments are unconditionally payable at intervals of one year or less during the entire term of the obligation. Because there is no penalty or default remedy in the case of nonpayment of interest with respect to a Regular Interest, it is possible that no interest on any class of Regular Interests will be treated as qualified stated interest. However, because the Mortgage Loans provide for remedies in the event of default, the certificate administrator will treat all payments of stated interest on the Regular Interests (other than the Class X Certificates) as qualified stated interest (other than accrued interest distributed on the first Distribution Date for the number of days that exceed the interval between the Closing Date and the first Distribution Date). Based upon the anticipated issue price of each such class and a stated redemption price equal to the par amount of each such class (plus such excess interest accrued thereon), it is anticipated that the Class [__] certificates will be issued with original issue discount for federal income tax purposes.
It is anticipated that the certificate administrator will treat the Class X-A and Class X-B certificates as having no qualified stated interest. Accordingly, such classes will be considered to be issued with original issue discount in an amount equal to the excess of all distributions of interest expected to be received on such classes over their respective issue
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prices (including interest accrued prior to the Closing Date). Any “negative” amounts of original issue discount on such classes attributable to rapid prepayments with respect to the Mortgage Loans will not be deductible currently. The holder of a Class X-A or Class X-B certificate may be entitled to a deduction for a loss, which may be a capital loss, to the extent it becomes certain that such holder will not recover a portion of its basis in such class, assuming no further prepayments. In the alternative, it is possible that rules similar to the “noncontingent bond method” of the contingent interest rules of the OID Regulations may be promulgated with respect to such classes. Unless and until required otherwise by applicable authority, it is not anticipated that the contingent interest rules will apply.
Under a de minimis rule, original issue discount on a Regular Interest will be considered to be zero if such original issue discount is less than 0.25% of the stated redemption price at maturity of the Regular Interest multiplied by the weighted average maturity of the Regular Interest. For this purpose, the weighted average maturity of the Regular Interest is computed as the sum of the amounts determined by multiplying the number of full years (i.e., rounding down partial years) from the issue date until each distribution in reduction of stated redemption price at maturity is scheduled to be made by a fraction, the numerator of which is the amount of each distribution included in the stated redemption price at maturity of the Regular Interest and the denominator of which is the stated redemption price at maturity or anticipated repayment date of the Regular Interest. The Conference Committee Report to the 1986 Act provides that the schedule of such distributions should be determined in accordance with the assumed rate of prepayment on the Mortgage Loans used in pricing the transaction, i.e., 0% CPR; provided that it is assumed that any ARD Loan prepays on its anticipated repayment date (the “Prepayment Assumption”). See “Yield and Maturity Considerations—Weighted Average Life” above. Holders generally must report de minimis original issue discount pro rata as principal payments are received, and such income will be capital gain if the Regular Interest is held as a capital asset. Under the OID Regulations, however, Regular Interestholders may elect to accrue all de minimis original issue discount, as well as market discount and premium, under the constant yield method. See “—Election To Treat All Interest Under the Constant Yield Method” below. Based on the foregoing, it is anticipated that the Class [__] certificates will be issued with de minimis original issue discount for federal income tax purposes.
A holder of a Regular Interest issued with original issue discount generally must include in gross income for any taxable year the sum of the “daily portions”, as defined below, of the original issue discount on the Regular Interest accrued during an accrual period for each day on which it holds the Regular Interest, including the date of purchase but excluding the date of disposition. With respect to each such Regular Interest, a calculation will be made of the original issue discount that accrues during each successive full accrual period that ends on the day prior to each Distribution Date with respect to the Regular Interests, assuming that prepayments and extensions with respect to the Mortgage Loans will be made in accordance with the Prepayment Assumption. The original issue discount accruing in a full accrual period will be the excess, if any, of (i) the sum of (a) the present value of all of the remaining distributions to be made on the Regular Interest as of the end of that accrual period and (b) the distributions made on the Regular Interest during the accrual period that are included in the Regular Interest’s stated redemption price at maturity, over (ii) the adjusted issue price of the Regular Interest at the beginning of the accrual period. The present value of the remaining distributions referred to in the preceding sentence is calculated based on (i) the yield to maturity of the Regular Interest as of the Startup Day, (ii) events (including actual prepayments) that have occurred prior to the end of the accrual period and (iii) the assumption that the remaining payments will be made in accordance with the original Prepayment Assumption. For these purposes, the adjusted issue price of a Regular Interest at the beginning of any accrual period equals the issue price of the Regular
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Interest, increased by the aggregate amount of original issue discount with respect to the Regular Interest that accrued in all prior accrual periods and reduced by the amount of distributions included in the Regular Interest’s stated redemption price at maturity that were made on the Regular Interest that were attributable to such prior periods. The original issue discount accruing during any accrual period (as determined in this paragraph) will then be divided by the number of days in the period to determine the daily portion of original issue discount for each day in the period.
Under the method described above, the daily portions of original issue discount required to be included as ordinary income by a Regular Interestholder (other than a holder of a Class X-A or Class X-B certificate) generally will increase to take into account prepayments on the Regular Interests as a result of prepayments on the Mortgage Loans that exceed the Prepayment Assumption, and generally will decrease (but not below zero for any period) if the prepayments are slower than the Prepayment Assumption. Due to the unique nature of interest-only certificates, the preceding sentence may not apply in the case of the Class X-A or Class X-B certificates.
Acquisition Premium
A purchaser of a Regular Interest at a price greater than its adjusted issue price and less than its remaining stated redemption price at maturity will be required to include in gross income the daily portions of the original issue discount on the Regular Interest reduced pro rata by a fraction, the numerator of which is the excess of its purchase price over such adjusted issue price and the denominator of which is the excess of the remaining stated redemption price at maturity over the adjusted issue price. Alternatively, such a purchaser may elect to treat all such acquisition premium under the constant yield method, as described under the heading “—Election To Treat All Interest Under the Constant Yield Method” below.
Market Discount
A purchaser of a Regular Interest also may be subject to the market discount rules of Code Sections 1276 through 1278. Under these Code sections and the principles applied by the OID Regulations in the context of original issue discount, “market discount” is the amount by which the purchaser’s original basis in the Regular Interest (i) is exceeded by the remaining outstanding principal payments and non-qualified stated interest payments due on the Regular Interest, or (ii) in the case of a Regular Interest having original issue discount, is exceeded by the adjusted issue price of such Regular Interest at the time of purchase. Such purchaser generally will be required to recognize ordinary income to the extent of accrued market discount on such Regular Interest as distributions includible in its stated redemption price at maturity are received, in an amount not exceeding any such distribution. Such market discount would accrue in a manner to be provided in Treasury regulations and should take into account the Prepayment Assumption. The Conference Committee Report to the 1986 Act provides that until such regulations are issued, such market discount would accrue, at the election of the holder, either (i) on the basis of a constant interest rate or (ii) in the ratio of interest accrued for the relevant period to the sum of the interest accrued for such period plus the remaining interest after the end of such period, or, in the case of classes issued with original issue discount, in the ratio of original issue discount accrued for the relevant period to the sum of the original issue discount accrued for such period plus the remaining original issue discount after the end of such period. Such purchaser also generally will be required to treat a portion of any gain on a sale or exchange of the Regular Interest as ordinary income to the extent of the market discount accrued to the date of disposition under one of the foregoing methods, less any
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accrued market discount previously reported as ordinary income as partial distributions in reduction of the stated redemption price at maturity were received. Such purchaser will be required to defer deduction of a portion of the excess of the interest paid or accrued on indebtedness incurred to purchase or carry the Regular Interest over the interest (including original issue discount) distributable on the Regular Interest. The deferred portion of such interest expense in any taxable year generally will not exceed the accrued market discount on the Regular Interest for such year. Any such deferred interest expense is, in general, allowed as a deduction not later than the year in which the related market discount income is recognized or the Regular Interest is disposed of. As an alternative to the inclusion of market discount in income on the foregoing basis, the Regular Interestholder may elect to include market discount in income currently as it accrues on all market discount instruments acquired by such Regular Interestholder in that taxable year or thereafter, in which case the interest deferral rule will not apply. See “—Election To Treat All Interest Under the Constant Yield Method” below regarding making the election under Code Section 171 and an alternative manner in which such election may be deemed to be made.
Market discount with respect to a Regular Interest will be considered to be zero if such market discount is less than 0.25% of the remaining stated redemption price at maturity of such Regular Interest multiplied by the weighted average maturity of the Regular Interest remaining after the date of purchase. For this purpose, the weighted average maturity is determined by multiplying the number of full years (i.e., rounding down partial years) from the issue date until each distribution in reduction of stated redemption price at maturity is scheduled to be made by a fraction, the numerator of which is the amount of each such distribution included in the stated redemption price at maturity of the Regular Interest and the denominator of which is the total stated redemption price at maturity of the Regular Interest. It appears that de minimis market discount would be reported pro rata as principal payments are received. Treasury regulations implementing the market discount rules have not yet been proposed, and investors should therefore consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of these rules as well as the advisability of making any of the elections with respect to such rules. Investors should also consult Revenue Procedure 92-67 concerning the elections to include market discount in income currently and to accrue market discount on the basis of the constant yield method.
Premium
A Regular Interest purchased upon initial issuance or in the secondary market at a cost greater than its remaining stated redemption price at maturity generally is considered to be purchased at a premium. If the Regular Interestholder holds such Regular Interest as a “capital asset” within the meaning of Code Section 1221, the Regular Interestholder may elect under Code Section 171 to amortize such premium under the constant yield method. See “—Election To Treat All Interest Under the Constant Yield Method” below regarding making the election under Code Section 171 and an alternative manner in which the Code Section 171 election may be deemed to be made. Final Treasury regulations under Code Section 171 do not, by their terms, apply to prepayable obligations such as the Regular Interests. The Conference Committee Report to the 1986 Act indicates a Congressional intent that the same rules that will apply to the accrual of market discount on installment obligations will also apply to amortizing bond premium under Code Section 171 on installment obligations such as the Regular Interests, although it is unclear whether the alternatives to the constant interest method described above under “—Market Discount” are available. Amortizable bond premium will be treated as an offset to interest income on a Regular Interest rather than as a separate deduction item. It is anticipated that the Class [ ] certificates will be issued at a premium for federal income tax purposes.
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Election To Treat All Interest Under the Constant Yield Method
A holder of a debt instrument such as a Regular Interest may elect to treat all interest that accrues on the instrument using the constant yield method, with none of the interest being treated as qualified stated interest. For purposes of applying the constant yield method to a debt instrument subject to such an election, (i) “interest” includes stated interest, original issue discount, de minimis original issue discount, market discount and de minimis market discount, as adjusted by any amortizable bond premium or acquisition premium and (ii) the debt instrument is treated as if the instrument were issued on the holder’s acquisition date in the amount of the holder’s adjusted basis immediately after acquisition. It is unclear whether, for this purpose, the initial Prepayment Assumption would continue to apply or if a new prepayment assumption as of the date of the holder’s acquisition would apply. A holder generally may make such an election on an instrument by instrument basis or for a class or group of debt instruments. However, if the holder makes such an election with respect to a debt instrument with amortizable bond premium or with market discount, the holder is deemed to have made elections to amortize bond premium or to report market discount income currently as it accrues under the constant yield method, respectively, for all premium bonds held or acquired or market discount bonds acquired by the holder on the first day of the year of the election or thereafter. The election is made on the holder’s federal income tax return for the year in which the debt instrument is acquired and is irrevocable except with the approval of the IRS. Investors are encouraged to consult their tax advisors regarding the advisability of making such an election.
Treatment of Losses
Holders of the Regular Interests will be required to report income with respect to the Regular Interests on the accrual method of accounting, without giving effect to delays or reductions in distributions attributable to defaults or delinquencies on the Mortgage Loans, except to the extent it can be established that such losses are uncollectible. Accordingly, a Regular Interestholder may have income, or may incur a diminution in cash flow as a result of a default or delinquency, but may not be able to take a deduction (subject to the discussion below) for the corresponding loss until a subsequent taxable year. In this regard, investors are cautioned that while they generally may cease to accrue interest income if it reasonably appears that the interest will be uncollectible, the IRS may take the position that original issue discount must continue to be accrued in spite of its uncollectibility until the debt instrument is disposed of in a taxable transaction or becomes worthless in accordance with the rules of Code Section 166. The following discussion may not apply to holders of interest-only Regular Interests. Under Code Section 166, it appears that the holders of Regular Interests that are corporations or that otherwise hold the Regular Interests in connection with a trade or business should in general be allowed to deduct as an ordinary loss any such loss sustained (and not previously deducted) during the taxable year on account of any such Regular Interests becoming wholly or partially worthless, and that, in general, the Regular Interestholders that are not corporations and do not hold the Regular Interests in connection with a trade or business will be allowed to deduct as a short term capital loss any loss with respect to principal sustained during the taxable year on account of a portion of any class of such Regular Interests becoming wholly worthless. Although the matter is not free from doubt, such non-corporate holders of Regular Interests should be allowed a bad debt deduction at such time as the certificate balance of any class of such Regular Interests is reduced to reflect losses on the Mortgage Loans below such holder’s basis in the Regular Interests. The IRS, however, could take the position that non-corporate holders will be allowed a bad debt deduction to reflect such losses only after the classes of Regular Interests have been otherwise retired. The IRS could also assert that losses on a class of Regular Interests are deductible based on some
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other method that may defer such deductions for all holders, such as reducing future cash flow for purposes of computing original issue discount. This may have the effect of creating “negative” original issue discount that, with the possible exception of the method discussed in the following sentence, would be deductible only against future positive original issue discount or otherwise upon termination of the applicable class. Although not free from doubt, a holder of Regular Interests with negative original issue discount may be entitled to deduct a loss to the extent that its remaining basis would exceed the maximum amount of future payments to which such holder was entitled, assuming no further prepayments. No bad debt losses will be allowed with respect to the Class X Certificates. Regular Interestholders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the appropriate timing, amount and character of any loss sustained with respect to such Regular Interests. Special loss rules are applicable to banks and thrift institutions, including rules regarding reserves for bad debts. Such taxpayers are advised to consult their tax advisors regarding the treatment of losses on the Regular Interests.
Yield Maintenance Charges and Prepayment Premiums
Yield Maintenance Charges and Prepayment Premiums actually collected on the Mortgage Loans will be distributed as described in “Description of the Certificates—Allocation of Yield Maintenance Charges and Prepayment Premiums”. It is not entirely clear under the Code when the amount of Yield Maintenance Charges and Prepayment Premiums so allocated should be taxed to the holders of such classes of certificates, but it is not expected, for federal income tax reporting purposes, that Yield Maintenance Charges and Prepayment Premiums will be treated as giving rise to any income to the holder of such class of certificates prior to the certificate administrator’s actual receipt of Yield Maintenance Charges and Prepayment Premiums. Yield Maintenance Charges and Prepayment Premiums, if any, may be treated as paid upon the retirement or partial retirement of such classes of certificates. The IRS may disagree with these positions. Certificateholders should consult their own tax advisors concerning the treatment of Yield Maintenance Charges and Prepayment Premiums.
Sale or Exchange of Regular Interests
If a Regular Interestholder sells or exchanges a Regular Interest, such Regular Interestholder will recognize gain or loss equal to the difference, if any, between the amount received and its adjusted basis in the Regular Interest. The adjusted basis of a Regular Interest generally will equal the cost of the Regular Interest to the seller, increased by any original issue discount or market discount previously included in the seller’s gross income with respect to the Regular Interest and reduced by amounts included in the stated redemption price at maturity of the Regular Interest that were previously received by the seller, by any amortized premium, and by any deductible losses on the Regular Interest.
Except as described above with respect to market discount, and except as provided in this paragraph, any gain or loss on the sale or exchange of a Regular Interest realized by an investor that holds the Regular Interest as a capital asset will be capital gain or loss and will be long term or short term depending on whether the Regular Interest has been held for the long term capital gain holding period (more than one year). Such gain will be treated as ordinary income: (i) if the Regular Interest is held as part of a “conversion transaction” as defined in Code Section 1258(c), up to the amount of interest that would have accrued on the Regular Interestholder’s net investment in the conversion transaction at 120% of the appropriate applicable federal rate under Code Section 1274(d) in effect at the time the taxpayer entered into the transaction minus any amount previously treated as ordinary income with respect to any prior disposition of property that was held as part of such
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transaction; (ii) in the case of a non-corporate taxpayer, to the extent such taxpayer has made an election under Code Section 163(d)(4) to have net capital gains taxed as investment income at ordinary income rates; or (iii) to the extent that such gain does not exceed the excess, if any, of (a) the amount that would have been includible in the gross income of the Regular Interestholder if his yield on such Regular Interest were 110% of the applicable federal rate as of the date of purchase, over (b) the amount of income actually includible in the gross income of such Regular Interestholder with respect to the Regular Interest. In addition, gain or loss recognized from the sale of a Regular Interest by certain banks or thrift institutions will be treated as ordinary income or loss pursuant to Code Section 582(c). Long-term capital gains of certain non-corporate taxpayers generally are subject to a lower maximum tax rate than ordinary income of such taxpayers for property held for more than one year. The maximum tax rate for corporations is the same with respect to both ordinary income and capital gains. In connection with a sale or exchange of a RRI Interest, the related Certificateholder must separately account for the sale or exchange of the related “regular interest” in the Upper-Tier REMIC and the related interest in the Grantor Trust.
Taxes That May Be Imposed on a REMIC
Prohibited Transactions
Income from certain transactions by either Trust REMIC, called prohibited transactions, will not be part of the calculation of income or loss includible in the federal income tax returns of holders of the Class R certificates, but rather will be taxed directly to the Trust REMIC at a 100% rate. Prohibited transactions generally include (i) the disposition of a qualified mortgage other than for (a) substitution within two years of the Startup Day for a defective (including a defaulted) obligation (or repurchase in lieu of substitution of a defective (including a defaulted) obligation at any time) or for any qualified mortgage within 3 months of the Startup Day, (b) foreclosure, default or imminent default of a qualified mortgage, (c) bankruptcy or insolvency of the REMIC, or (d) a qualified (complete) liquidation, (ii) the receipt of income from assets that are not the type of mortgages or investments that the REMIC is permitted to hold, (iii) the receipt of compensation for services or (iv) the receipt of gain from disposition of cash flow investments other than pursuant to a qualified liquidation. Notwithstanding (i) and (iv), it is not a prohibited transaction to sell REMIC property to prevent a default on regular interests as a result of a default on qualified mortgages or to facilitate a qualified liquidation or a clean-up call. The REMIC Regulations indicate that the modification of a mortgage loan generally will not be treated as a disposition if it is occasioned by a default or reasonably foreseeable default, an assumption of a mortgage loan or the waiver of a “due-on-sale” or “due-on-encumbrance” clause. It is not anticipated that the Trust REMICs will engage in any prohibited transactions.
Contributions to a REMIC After the Startup Day
In general, a REMIC will be subject to a tax at a 100% rate on the value of any property contributed to the REMIC after the Startup Day. Exceptions are provided for cash contributions to the REMIC (i) during the 3 months following the Startup Day, (ii) made to a qualified reserve fund by a holder of a Class R certificate, (iii) in the nature of a guarantee, (iv) made to facilitate a qualified liquidation or clean-up call, and (v) as otherwise permitted in Treasury regulations yet to be issued. It is not anticipated that there will be any taxable contributions to the Trust REMICs.
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Net Income from Foreclosure Property
The Lower-Tier REMIC will be subject to federal income tax at the highest corporate rate on “net income from foreclosure property”, determined by reference to the rules applicable to real estate investment trusts. Generally, property acquired by foreclosure or deed-in-lieu of foreclosure would be treated as “foreclosure property” until the close of the third calendar year beginning after the Lower-Tier REMIC’s acquisition of an REO Property, with a possible extension. Net income from foreclosure property generally means gain from the sale of a foreclosure property that is inventory property and gross income from foreclosure property other than qualifying rents and other qualifying income for a real estate investment trust.
In order for a foreclosed property to qualify as foreclosure property, any operation of the foreclosed property by the Lower-Tier REMIC generally must be conducted through an independent contractor. Further, such operation, even if conducted through an independent contractor, may give rise to “net income from foreclosure property”, taxable at the highest corporate rate. Payment of such tax by the Lower-Tier REMIC would reduce amounts available for distribution to Certificateholders.
The special servicer will be required to determine generally whether the operation of foreclosed property in a manner that would subject the Lower-Tier REMIC to such tax would be expected to result in higher after-tax proceeds than an alternative method of operating such property that would not subject the Lower-Tier REMIC to such tax.
Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015
On November 2, 2015, President Obama signed into law the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 (the “2015 Budget Act”), which includes new audit rules affecting entities treated as partnerships, their partners and the persons that are authorized to represent entities treated as partnerships in IRS audits and related procedures. Under the 2015 Budget Act, these rules will also apply to REMICs, the holders of their residual interests and the trustees authorized to represent REMICs in IRS audits and related procedures (“tax matters persons” or “TMPs”). These new audit rules are scheduled to become effective for taxable years beginning with 2018 and will apply to both new and existing REMICs.
In addition to other changes, under the 2015 Budget Act, (1) unless a REMIC elects otherwise, taxes arising from IRS audit adjustments are required to be paid by the REMIC rather than by its residual interest holders, (2) a REMIC appoints one person to act as its sole representative in connection with IRS audits and related procedures and that representative’s actions, including agreeing to adjustments to REMIC taxable income, will be binding on residual interest holders more so than a tax matters person’s actions under the current rules and (3) if the IRS makes an adjustment to a REMIC’s taxable year, the holders of residual interests for the audited taxable year may have to take the adjustment into account for the taxable year in which the adjustment is made rather than for the audited taxable year.
The certificate administrator will have the authority to utilize, and will be directed to utilize, any exceptions available under the new provisions (including any changes) and IRS regulations so that holders of the Class R certificates, to the fullest extent possible, rather than either Trust REMIC itself, will be liable for any taxes arising from audit adjustments to either Trust REMIC’s taxable income. It is unclear how any such exceptions may affect the procedural rules available to challenge any audit adjustment that would otherwise be available in the absence of any such exceptions. Investors should discuss with their own tax advisors the possible effect of the new rules on them.
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Taxation of Certain Foreign Investors
Interest, including original issue discount, distributable to the Regular Interestholders that are nonresident aliens, foreign corporations or other Non-U.S. Persons will be considered “portfolio interest” and, therefore, generally will not be subject to a 30% United States withholding tax; provided that such Non-U.S. Person (i) is not a “10 percent shareholder” within the meaning of Code Section 871(h)(3)(B) or a controlled foreign corporation described in Code Section 881(c)(3)(C) with respect to the Trust REMICs and (ii) provides the certificate administrator, or the person that would otherwise be required to withhold tax from such distributions under Code Section 1441 or 1442, with an appropriate statement, signed under penalties of perjury, identifying the beneficial owner and stating, among other things, that the beneficial owner of the Regular Interest is a Non-U.S. Person. The appropriate documentation includes IRS Form W-8BEN-E or W-8BEN, if the Non-U.S. Person is an entity (such as a corporation) or individual, respectively, eligible for the benefits of the portfolio interest exemption or an exemption based on a treaty; IRS Form W-8ECI if the Non-U.S. Person is eligible for an exemption on the basis of its income from the Regular Interest being effectively connected to a United States trade or business; IRS Form W-8BEN-E or W-8IMY if the Non-U.S. Person is a trust, depending on whether such trust is classified as the beneficial owner of the Regular Interest; and Form W-8IMY, with supporting documentation as specified in the Treasury regulations, required to substantiate exemptions from withholding on behalf of its partners, if the Non-U.S. Person is a partnership. With respect to IRS Forms W-8BEN, W-8BEN-E, W-8IMY and W-8ECI, each (other than IRS Form W-8IMY) expires after 3 full calendar years or as otherwise provided by applicable law. An intermediary (other than a partnership) must provide IRS Form W-8IMY, revealing all required information, including its name, address, taxpayer identification number, the country under the laws of which it is created, and certification that it is not acting for its own account. A “qualified intermediary” must certify that it has provided, or will provide, a withholding statement as required under Treasury regulations Section 1.1441-1(e)(5)(v), but need not disclose the identity of its account holders on its IRS Form W-8IMY, and may certify its account holders’ status without including each beneficial owner’s certification. A “non-qualified intermediary” must additionally certify that it has provided, or will provide, a withholding statement that is associated with the appropriate IRS Forms W-8 and W-9 required to substantiate exemptions from withholding on behalf of its beneficial owners. The term “intermediary” means a person acting as a custodian, a broker, nominee or otherwise as an agent for the beneficial owner of a Regular Interest. A “qualified intermediary” is generally a foreign financial institution or clearing organization or a non-U.S. branch or office of a U.S. financial institution or clearing organization that is a party to a withholding agreement with the IRS.
If such statement, or any other required statement, is not provided, 30% withholding will apply unless reduced or eliminated pursuant to an applicable tax treaty or unless the interest on the Regular Interest is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States by such Non-U.S. Person. In the latter case, such Non-U.S. Person will be subject to United States federal income tax at regular rates. Investors that are Non-U.S. Persons should consult their own tax advisors regarding the specific tax consequences to them of owning a Regular Interest.
A “U.S. Person” is a citizen or resident of the United States, a corporation, partnership (except to the extent provided in the applicable Treasury regulations) or other entity created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any State or the District of Columbia, including any entity treated as a corporation or partnership for federal income tax purposes, an estate that is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of the source of income, or a trust if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision
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over the administration of such trust, and one or more such U.S. Persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of such trust (or, to the extent provided in the applicable Treasury regulations, certain trusts in existence on August 20, 1996 that have elected to be treated as U.S. Persons). The term “Non-U.S. Person” means a person other than a U.S. Person.
FATCA
Under the “Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act” (“FATCA”) provisions of the Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act, a 30% withholding tax is generally imposed on certain payments, including U.S.-source interest and, beginning on January 1, 2019, gross proceeds from the disposition of debt obligations that give rise to U.S.-source interest to “foreign financial institutions” and certain other foreign financial entities if those foreign entities fail to comply with the requirements of FATCA. The certificate administrator will be required to withhold amounts under FATCA on payments made to holders who are subject to the FATCA requirements and who fail to provide the certificate administrator with proof that they have complied with such requirements. Prospective investors should consult their tax advisors regarding the applicability of FATCA to their certificates.
Backup Withholding
Distributions made on the certificates, and proceeds from the sale of the certificates to or through certain brokers, may be subject to a “backup” withholding tax under Code Section 3406 at the rate of 28% on “reportable payments” (including interest distributions, original issue discount and, under certain circumstances, principal distributions) unless the Certificateholder is a U.S. Person and provides IRS Form W-9 with the correct taxpayer identification number; in the case of the Regular Interests, is a Non-U.S. Person and provides IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E, as applicable, identifying the Non-U.S. Person and stating that the beneficial owner is not a U.S. Person; or can be treated as an exempt recipient within the meaning of Treasury regulations Section 1.6049-4(c)(1)(ii). Any amounts to be withheld from distribution on the certificates would be refunded by the IRS or allowed as a credit against the Certificateholder’s federal income tax liability. Information reporting requirements may also apply regardless of whether withholding is required. Holders are urged to contact their own tax advisors regarding the application to them of backup withholding and information reporting.
Information Reporting
Holders who are individuals (and certain domestic entities that are formed or availed of for purposes of holding, directly or indirectly, “specified foreign financial assets”) may be subject to certain foreign financial asset reporting obligations with respect to their certificates held through a financial account maintained by a foreign financial institution if the aggregate value of their certificates and their other “specified foreign financial assets” exceeds $50,000. Significant penalties can apply if a holder fails to disclose its specified foreign financial assets. We urge you to consult your tax advisor with respect to this and other reporting obligations with respect to your certificates.
3.8% Medicare Tax on “Net Investment Income”
Certain non-corporate U.S. holders will be subject to an additional 3.8% tax on all or a portion of their “net investment income”, which may include the interest payments and any gain realized with respect to the certificates, to the extent of their net investment income that, when added to their other modified adjusted gross income, exceeds $200,000 for an unmarried individual, $250,000 for a married taxpayer filing a joint return (or a surviving
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spouse), or $125,000 for a married individual filing a separate return. The 3.8% Medicare tax is determined in a different manner than the regular income tax. U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors with respect to their consequences with respect to the 3.8% Medicare tax.
Reporting Requirements
Each Trust REMIC will be required to maintain its books on a calendar year basis and to file federal income tax returns in a manner similar to a partnership. The form for such returns is IRS Form 1066, U.S. Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduit (REMIC) Income Tax Return. The trustee will be required to sign each Trust REMIC’s returns.
Reports of accrued interest, original issue discount, if any, and information necessary to compute the accrual of any market discount on the Regular Interests will be made annually to the IRS and to individuals, estates, non-exempt and non-charitable trusts, and partnerships that are either Regular Interestholders or beneficial owners that own Regular Interests through a broker or middleman as nominee. All brokers, nominees and all other nonexempt Regular Interestholders (including corporations, non-calendar year taxpayers, securities or commodities dealers, placement agents, real estate investment trusts, investment companies, common trusts, thrift institutions and charitable trusts) may request such information for any calendar quarter by telephone or in writing by contacting the person designated in IRS Publication 938 with respect to the REMIC. Holders through nominees must request such information from the nominee.
Treasury regulations require that, in addition to the foregoing requirements, information must be furnished annually to the Regular Interestholders and filed annually with the IRS concerning the percentage of each Trust REMIC’s assets meeting the qualified asset tests described under “—Qualification as a REMIC” above.
DUE TO THE COMPLEXITY OF THESE RULES AND THE CURRENT UNCERTAINTY AS TO THE MANNER OF THEIR APPLICATION TO THE ISSUING ENTITY AND CERTIFICATEHOLDERS, IT IS PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT THAT POTENTIAL INVESTORS CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE TAX TREATMENT OF THEIR ACQUISITION, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF THE CERTIFICATES.
Certain State and Local Tax Considerations
In addition to the federal income tax consequences described in “Material Federal Income Tax Considerations” above, purchasers of Offered Certificates should consider the state and local income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of the Offered Certificates. State and local income tax law may differ substantially from the corresponding federal law, and this discussion does not purport to describe any aspect of the income tax laws of any state or locality.
It is possible that one or more jurisdictions may attempt to tax nonresident holders of offered certificates solely by reason of the location in that jurisdiction of the depositor, the trustee, the certificate administrator, the sponsors, a related borrower or a mortgaged property or on some other basis, may require nonresident holders of certificates to file returns in such jurisdiction or may attempt to impose penalties for failure to file such returns; and it is possible that any such jurisdiction will ultimately succeed in collecting such taxes or penalties from nonresident holders of offered certificates. We cannot assure you
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that holders of offered certificates will not be subject to tax in any particular state, local or other taxing jurisdiction.
You should consult with your tax advisor with respect to the various state and local, and any other, tax consequences of an investment in the Offered Certificates.
Method of Distribution (Underwriter)
Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”), among the depositor and the underwriters, the depositor has agreed to sell to the underwriters, and the underwriters have severally, but not jointly, agreed to purchase from the depositor the respective Certificate Balance or the Notional Amount, as applicable, of each class of Offered Certificates set forth below subject in each case to a variance of 5%.
Underwriter | Class A-1 | Class A-2 | Class A-3 | ||||||
Wells Fargo Securities, LLC | $ | $ | $ | ||||||
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated | |||||||||
Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC | |||||||||
Academy Securities, Inc. | |||||||||
Drexel Hamilton, LLC | |||||||||
Total | $ | $ | $ | ||||||
Underwriter | Class A-SB | Class A-S | Class X-A | ||||||
Wells Fargo Securities, LLC | $ | $ | $ | ||||||
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated | |||||||||
Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC | |||||||||
Academy Securities, Inc. | |||||||||
Drexel Hamilton, LLC | |||||||||
Total | $ | $ | $ | ||||||
Underwriter | Class X-B | Class B | Class C | ||||||
Wells Fargo Securities, LLC | $ | $ | $ | ||||||
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated | |||||||||
Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC | |||||||||
Academy Securities, Inc. | |||||||||
Drexel Hamilton, LLC | |||||||||
Total | $ | $ | $ |
The Underwriting Agreement provides that the obligations of the underwriters will be subject to certain conditions precedent and that the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all Offered Certificates if any are purchased. In the event of a default by any underwriter, the Underwriting Agreement provides that, in certain circumstances, purchase commitments of the non-defaulting underwriter(s) may be increased or the Underwriting Agreement may be terminated.
Additionally, the parties to the PSA have severally agreed to indemnify the underwriters, and the underwriters have agreed to indemnify the depositor and controlling persons of the depositor, against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, and have agreed, if required, to contribute to payments required to be made in respect of these liabilities.
The depositor has been advised by the underwriters that they propose to offer the Offered Certificates to the public from time to time in one or more negotiated transactions, or otherwise, at varying prices to be determined at the time of sale. Proceeds to the depositor from the sale of Offered Certificates will be approximately % of the initial aggregate Certificate Balance of the Offered Certificates, plus accrued interest on the
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Offered Certificates from August 1, 2016, before deducting expenses payable by the depositor. The underwriters may affect the transactions by selling the Offered Certificates to or through dealers, and the dealers may receive compensation in the form of underwriting discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters. In connection with the purchase and sale of the Offered Certificates offered by this prospectus, the underwriters may be deemed to have received compensation from the depositor in the form of underwriting discounts.
We anticipate that the Offered Certificates will be sold primarily to institutional investors. Purchasers of Offered Certificates, including dealers, may, depending on the facts and circumstances of those purchases, be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act in connection with reoffers and resales by them of Offered Certificates. If you purchase Offered Certificates, you should consult with your legal advisors in this regard prior to any reoffer or resale. The underwriters expect to make, but are not obligated to make, a secondary market in the Offered Certificates. See “Risk Factors—Other Risks Relating to the Certificates—The Certificates May Have Limited Liquidity and the Market Value of the Certificates May Decline”.
The primary source of ongoing information available to investors concerning the Offered Certificates will be the monthly statements discussed under “Description of the Certificates—Reports to Certificateholders; Certain Available Information”. We cannot assure you that any additional information regarding the Offered Certificates will be available through any other source. In addition, we are not aware of any source through which price information about the Offered Certificates will be generally available on an ongoing basis. The limited nature of that information regarding the Offered Certificates may adversely affect the liquidity of the Offered Certificates, even if a secondary market for the Offered Certificates becomes available.
Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, one of the underwriters, is an affiliate of Wells Fargo Bank, which is a sponsor, mortgage loan seller and the holder of one or more of the Shops at Crystals Companion Loans, the Pinnacle II Companion Loans and the One Penn Center Companion Loan and is also the master servicer, the certificate administrator, the custodian, the certificate registrar and the initial Risk Retention Consultation Party under this securitization. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, one of the underwriters, is an affiliate of Bank of America, which is a sponsor, originator and mortgage loan seller and the holder of one or more of The Shops at Crystals Pari Passu Companion Loans, the One Stamford Forum Companion Loan and the Simon Premium Outlets Companion Loan. Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, one of the underwriters, is an affiliate of MSMCH, which is a sponsor and a mortgage loan seller, and Morgan Stanley Bank, which is an originator and a holder of certain of the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Companion Loans.
A portion of the net proceeds of this offering (after the payment of underwriting compensation and transaction expenses) is intended to be directed to affiliates of Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, which is one of the underwriters, a co-lead manager and joint bookrunner for this offering, affiliates of Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, which is one of the underwriters and a co-lead manager and joint bookrunner for this offering and affiliates of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, which is one of the underwriters and a co-lead manager and joint bookrunner for this offering. That direction will occur by means of the collective effect of the payment by the underwriters to the depositor, an affiliate of Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, of the purchase price for the Offered Certificates and the following payments:
(1) | the payment by the depositor to Wells Fargo Bank, an affiliate of Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, in that affiliate’s capacity as a mortgage loan seller, of the |
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purchase price for the Mortgage Loans to be sold to the depositor by Wells Fargo Bank; |
(2) | the payment by the depositor to Bank of America, an affiliate of Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, in that affiliate’s capacity as a mortgage loan seller, of the purchase price for the Mortgage Loans to be sold to the depositor by Bank of America; and |
(3) | the payment by the depositor to MSMCH, an affiliate of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, in that affiliate’s capacity as a mortgage loan seller, of the purchase price for the Mortgage Loans to be sold to the depositor by MSMCH. |
As a result of the circumstances described above in this paragraph and the prior paragraph, each of Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated and Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC have a “conflict of interest” within the meaning of Rule 5121 of the consolidated rules of The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. In addition, other circumstances exist that result in the underwriters or their affiliates having conflicts of interest, notwithstanding that such circumstances may not constitute a “conflict of interest” within the meaning of such Rule 5121. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Conflicts of Interest—Interests and Incentives of the Underwriter Entities May Not Be Aligned With Your Interests” and “Certain Affiliations, Relationships and Related Transactions Involving Transaction Parties”.
Wells Fargo Securities is the trade name for the capital markets and investment banking services of Wells Fargo & Company and its subsidiaries, including but not limited to Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, a member of the New York Stock Exchange, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”), the National Futures Association (“NFA”) and the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (“SIPC”), Wells Fargo Prime Services, LLC, a member of FINRA, NFA and SIPC, and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. Wells Fargo Securities, LLC and Wells Fargo Prime Services, LLC are distinct entities from affiliated banks and thrifts.
Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference
All reports filed or caused to be filed by the depositor with respect to the issuing entity before the termination of this offering pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that relate to the Offered Certificates (other than Annual Reports on Form 10-K) will be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus, except that if a Non-Serviced PSA is entered into after termination of this offering, any Current Report on Form 8-K filed after termination of this offering that includes as an exhibit such Non-Serviced PSA will be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
The depositor will provide or cause to be provided without charge to each person to whom this prospectus is delivered in connection with this offering (including beneficial owners of the Offered Certificates), upon written or oral request of that person, a copy of any or all documents or reports incorporated in this prospectus by reference, in each case to the extent the documents or reports relate to the Offered Certificates, other than the exhibits to those documents (unless the exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference in those documents). Requests to the depositor should be directed in writing to its principal executive offices at 301 South College Street, Charlotte, North Carolina 28288-0166, or by telephone at (704) 374-6161.
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Where You Can Find More Information
The depositor has filed a Registration Statement on Form SF-3 (SEC File No. 333-206677) (the “Registration Statement”) relating to multiple series of CMBS, including the Offered Certificates, with the SEC. This prospectus will form a part of the Registration Statement, but the Registration Statement includes additional information. Copies of the Registration Statement and other materials filed with or furnished to the SEC, including Distribution Reports on Form 10-D, Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Current Reports on Form 8-K, Forms ABS-15G, and any amendments to these reports may be read and copied at the Public Reference Section of the SEC, 100 F Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549, on official business days between the hours of 10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. Information regarding the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains an internet site at “http://www.sec.gov” at which you can view and download copies of reports, proxy and information statements and other information filed or furnished electronically through the Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval (“EDGAR”) system. The SEC maintains computer terminals providing access to the EDGAR system at each of the offices referred to above.
The depositor has met the registrant requirements of Section I.A.1. of the General Instructions to the Registration Statement.
Copies of all reports of the issuing entity on Forms 10-D, 10-K and 8-K will also be made available on the website of the certificate administrator as soon as reasonably practicable after these materials are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC through the EDGAR system.
Financial Information
The issuing entity will be newly formed and will not have engaged in any business activities or have any assets or obligations prior to the issuance of the Offered Certificates. Accordingly, no financial statements with respect to the issuing entity are included in this prospectus.
The depositor has determined that its financial statements will not be material to the offering of the Offered Certificates.
Certain ERISA Considerations
General
The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, or ERISA, and Code Section 4975 impose certain requirements on retirement plans, and on certain other employee benefit plans and arrangements, including individual retirement accounts and annuities, Keogh plans, collective investment funds, insurance company separate accounts and some insurance company general accounts in which those plans, accounts or arrangements are invested that are subject to the fiduciary responsibility provisions of ERISA or Code Section 4975 (all of which are referred to as “Plans”), and on persons who are fiduciaries with respect to Plans, in connection with the investment of Plan assets. Certain employee benefit plans, such as governmental plans (as defined in ERISA Section 3(32)), and, if no election has been made under Code Section 410(d), church plans (as defined in Section 3(33) of ERISA) are not subject to ERISA requirements. However, those plans may be subject to the provisions of other applicable federal, state or local law
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(“Similar Law”) materially similar to the foregoing provisions of ERISA or the Code. Moreover, those plans, if qualified and exempt from taxation under Code Sections 401(a) and 501(a), are subject to the prohibited transaction rules set forth in Code Section 503.
ERISA generally imposes on Plan fiduciaries certain general fiduciary requirements, including those of investment prudence and diversification and the requirement that a Plan’s investments be made in accordance with the documents governing the Plan. In addition, ERISA and the Code prohibit a broad range of transactions involving assets of a Plan and persons (“Parties in Interest”) who have certain specified relationships to the Plan, unless a statutory, regulatory or administrative exemption is available. Certain Parties in Interest that participate in a prohibited transaction may be subject to an excise tax imposed pursuant to Code Section 4975, unless a statutory, regulatory or administrative exemption is available. These prohibited transactions generally are set forth in Section 406 of ERISA and Code Section 4975. Special caution should be exercised before the assets of a Plan are used to purchase an Offered Certificate if, with respect to those assets, the depositor, any servicer or the trustee or any of their affiliates, either: (a) has investment discretion with respect to the investment of those assets of that Plan; or (b) has authority or responsibility to give, or regularly gives, investment advice with respect to those assets for a fee and pursuant to an agreement or understanding that the advice will serve as a primary basis for investment decisions with respect to those assets and that the advice will be based on the particular investment needs of the Plan; or (c) is an employer maintaining or contributing to the Plan.
Before purchasing any Offered Certificates with Plan assets, a Plan fiduciary should consult with its counsel and determine whether there exists any prohibition to that purchase under the requirements of ERISA or Code Section 4975, whether any prohibited transaction class exemption or any individual administrative prohibited transaction exemption (as described below) applies, including whether the appropriate conditions set forth in those exemptions would be met, or whether any statutory prohibited transaction exemption is applicable. Fiduciaries of plans subject to a Similar Law should consider the need for, and the availability of, an exemption under such applicable Similar Law.
Plan Asset Regulations
A Plan’s investment in Offered Certificates may cause the assets of the issuing entity to be deemed Plan assets. Section 2510.3-101 of the regulations of the United States Department of Labor (“DOL”), as modified by Section 3(42) of ERISA, provides that when a Plan acquires an equity interest in an entity, the Plan’s assets include both the equity interest and an undivided interest in each of the underlying assets of the entity, unless certain exceptions not applicable to this discussion apply, or unless the equity participation in the entity by “benefit plan investors” (that is, Plans and entities whose underlying assets include plan assets) is not “significant”. For this purpose, in general, equity participation in an entity will be “significant” on any date if, immediately after the most recent acquisition of any certificate, 25% or more of any class of certificates is held by benefit plan investors.
In general, any person who has discretionary authority or control respecting the management or disposition of Plan assets, and any person who provides investment advice with respect to those assets for a fee, is a fiduciary of the investing Plan. If the assets of the issuing entity constitute Plan assets, then any party exercising management or discretionary control regarding those assets, such as the master servicer, the special servicer or any sub-servicer, may be deemed to be a Plan “fiduciary” with respect to the investing Plan, and thus subject to the fiduciary responsibility provisions and prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA and Code Section 4975. In addition, if the assets of the issuing entity constitute Plan assets, the purchase of Offered Certificates by a Plan, as well
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as the operation of the issuing entity, may constitute or involve a prohibited transaction under ERISA or the Code.
Administrative Exemptions
The U.S. Department of Labor has issued to the predecessor of Wells Fargo Securities, LLC an individual prohibited transaction exemption, PTE 96-22, 61 Fed. Reg. 14,828 (April 3, 1996), as amended by PTE 97-34, 62 Fed. Reg. 39,021 (July 21, 1997), PTE 2000-58, 65 Fed. Reg. 67,765 (November 13, 2000), PTE 2002-41, 67 Fed. Reg. 54,487 (August 22, 2002), PTE 2007-05, 72 Fed. Reg. 13,130 (March 20, 2007) and PTE 2013-08, 78 Fed. Reg. 41,091 (July 9, 2013) (the “Exemption”). The Exemption generally exempts from the application of the prohibited transaction provisions of Sections 406 and 407 of ERISA, and the excise taxes imposed on prohibited transactions pursuant to Code Sections 4975(a) and (b), certain transactions, among others, relating to the servicing and operation of pools of mortgage loans, such as the pool of mortgage loans held by the issuing entity, and the purchase, sale and holding of mortgage pass-through certificates, such as the Offered Certificates, underwritten by Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, provided that certain conditions set forth in the Exemption are satisfied. The depositor expects that the Exemption generally will apply to the Offered Certificates.
The Exemption sets forth 5 general conditions that must be satisfied for a transaction involving the purchase, sale and holding of the Offered Certificates to be eligible for exemptive relief. First, the acquisition of the Offered Certificates by a Plan must be on terms (including the price paid for the Offered Certificates) that are at least as favorable to the Plan as they would be in an arm’s-length transaction with an unrelated party. Second, the Offered Certificates at the time of acquisition by the Plan must be rated in one of the four highest generic rating categories by at least one NRSRO that meets the requirements of the Exemption (an “Exemption Rating Agency”). Third, the trustee cannot be an affiliate of any other member of the Restricted Group other than an underwriter. The “Restricted Group” consists of any underwriter, the depositor, the trustee, the master servicer, the special servicer, any sub-servicer, any entity that provides insurance or other credit support to the issuing entity and any borrower with respect to mortgage loans constituting more than 5% of the aggregate unamortized principal balance of the mortgage loans as of the date of initial issuance of the Offered Certificates, and any affiliate of any of the foregoing entities. Fourth, the sum of all payments made to and retained by the underwriters must represent not more than reasonable compensation for underwriting the Offered Certificates, the sum of all payments made to and retained by the depositor pursuant to the assignment of the mortgage loans to the issuing entity must represent not more than the fair market value of the mortgage loans and the sum of all payments made to and retained by the master servicer, the special servicer and any sub-servicer must represent not more than reasonable compensation for that person’s services under the PSA and reimbursement of the person’s reasonable expenses in connection therewith. Fifth, the investing Plan must be an accredited investor as defined in Rule 501(a)(1) of Regulation D under the Securities Act.
It is a condition of the issuance of the Offered Certificates that they have the ratings described above required by the Exemption and the depositor believes that each of the Rating Agencies qualifies as an Exemption Rating Agency. Consequently, the second general condition set forth above will be satisfied with respect to the Offered Certificates as of the Closing Date. As of the Closing Date, the third general condition set forth above will be satisfied with respect to the Offered Certificates. In addition, the depositor believes that the fourth general condition set forth above will be satisfied with respect to the Offered Certificates. A fiduciary of a Plan contemplating purchasing an Offered Certificate in the secondary market must make its own determination that, at the time of purchase, the
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Offered Certificates continue to satisfy the second general condition set forth above. A fiduciary of a Plan contemplating purchasing an Offered Certificate, whether in the initial issuance of the Offered Certificates or in the secondary market, must make its own determination that the first and fifth general conditions set forth above will be satisfied with respect to the related Offered Certificate.
The Exemption also requires that the issuing entity meet the following requirements: (1) the issuing entity must consist solely of assets of the type that have been included in other investment pools; (2) certificates in those other investment pools must have been rated in one of the four highest categories by at least one of the Exemption Rating Agencies for at least one year prior to the Plan’s acquisition of Offered Certificates; and (3) certificates in those other investment pools must have been purchased by investors other than Plans for at least one year prior to any Plan’s acquisition of Offered Certificates.
The depositor believes that the conditions to the applicability of the Exemption will generally be met with respect to the Offered Certificates, other than those conditions which are dependent on facts unknown to the depositor or which it cannot control, such as those relating to the circumstances of the Plan purchaser or the Plan fiduciary making the decision to purchase any such Offered Certificates.
If the general conditions of the Exemption are satisfied, the Exemption may provide an exemption from the restrictions imposed by Sections 406(a) and 407(a) of ERISA (as well as the excise taxes imposed by Code Sections 4975(a) and (b) by reason of Code Sections 4975(c)(1)(A) through (D)) in connection with (1) the direct or indirect sale, exchange or transfer of Offered Certificates in the initial issuance of certificates between the depositor or the underwriters and a Plan when the depositor, any of the underwriters, the trustee, the master servicer, the special servicer, a sub-servicer or a borrower is a party in interest with respect to the investing Plan, (2) the direct or indirect acquisition or disposition in the secondary market of the Offered Certificates by a Plan and (3) the holding of Offered Certificates by a Plan. However, no exemption is provided from the restrictions of Sections 406(a)(1)(E), 406(a)(2) and 407 of ERISA for the acquisition or holding of an Offered Certificate on behalf of an “Excluded Plan” by any person who has discretionary authority or renders investment advice with respect to the assets of the Excluded Plan. For purposes of this prospectus, an “Excluded Plan” is a Plan sponsored by any member of the Restricted Group.
If certain specific conditions of the Exemption are also satisfied, the Exemption may provide an exemption from the restrictions imposed by Sections 406(b)(1) and (b)(2) of ERISA and the taxes imposed by Code Section 4975(c)(1)(E) in connection with (1) the direct or indirect sale, exchange or transfer of Offered Certificates in the initial issuance of certificates between the depositor or the underwriters and a Plan when the person who has discretionary authority or renders investment advice with respect to the investment of Plan assets in those certificates is (a) a borrower with respect to 5% or less of the fair market value of the mortgage loans or (b) an affiliate of that person, (2) the direct or indirect acquisition or disposition in the secondary market of Offered Certificates by a Plan and (3) the holding of Offered Certificates by a Plan.
Further, if certain specific conditions of the Exemption are satisfied, the Exemption may provide an exemption from the restrictions imposed by Sections 406(a), 406(b) and 407(a) of ERISA, and the taxes imposed by Code Sections 4975(a) and (b) by reason of Code Section 4975(c) for transactions in connection with the servicing, management and operation of the pool of mortgage loans.
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A fiduciary of a Plan should consult with its counsel with respect to the applicability of the Exemption. The fiduciary of a plan not subject to ERISA or Code Section 4975, such as a governmental plan, should determine the need for and availability of exemptive relief under applicable Similar Law. A purchaser of an Offered Certificate should be aware, however, that even if the conditions specified in one or more exemptions are satisfied, the scope of relief provided by an exemption may not cover all acts which might be construed as prohibited transactions.
Insurance Company General Accounts
Sections I and III of Prohibited Transaction Class Exemption (“PTCE”) 95-60 exempt from the application of the prohibited transaction provisions of Sections 406(a), 406(b) and 407(a) of ERISA and Code Section 4975 transactions in connection with the acquisition of a security (such as a certificate issued by the issuing entity) as well as the servicing, management and operation of a trust (such as the issuing entity) in which an insurance company general account has an interest as a result of its acquisition of certificates issued by the issuing entity, provided that certain conditions are satisfied. If these conditions are met, insurance company general accounts investing assets that are treated as assets of Plans would be allowed to purchase certain classes of certificates which do not meet the ratings requirements of the Exemption. All other conditions of the Exemption would have to be satisfied in order for PTCE 95-60 to be available. Before purchasing any class of Offered Certificates, an insurance company general account seeking to rely on Sections I and III of PTCE 95-60 should itself confirm that all applicable conditions and other requirements have been satisfied.
Section 401(c) of ERISA provides certain exemptive relief from the provisions of Part 4 of Title I of ERISA and Code Section 4975, including the prohibited transaction restrictions imposed by ERISA and the related excise taxes imposed by the Code, for transactions involving an insurance company general account. Pursuant to Section 401(c) of ERISA, the DOL issued regulations (“401(c) Regulations”), generally effective July 5, 2001, to provide guidance for the purpose of determining, in cases where insurance policies supported by an insurance company’s general account are issued to or for the benefit of a Plan on or before December 31, 1998, which general account assets constitute Plan assets. Any assets of an insurance company general account which support insurance policies issued to a Plan after December 31, 1998 or issued to Plans on or before December 31, 1998 for which the insurance company does not comply with the 401(c) Regulations may be treated as Plan assets. In addition, because Section 401(c) of ERISA does not relate to insurance company separate accounts, separate account assets are still generally treated as Plan assets of any Plan invested in that separate account. Insurance companies contemplating the investment of general account assets in the Offered Certificates should consult with their counsel with respect to the applicability of Section 401(c) of ERISA.
Due to the complexity of these rules and the penalties imposed upon persons involved in prohibited transactions, it is particularly important that potential investors who are Plan fiduciaries or who are investing Plan assets consult with their counsel regarding the consequences under ERISA and the Code of their acquisition and ownership of certificates.
THE SALE OF OFFERED CERTIFICATES TO A PLAN IS IN NO RESPECT A REPRESENTATION BY THE DEPOSITOR OR ANY OF THE UNDERWRITERS THAT THIS INVESTMENT MEETS ANY RELEVANT LEGAL REQUIREMENTS WITH RESPECT TO INVESTMENTS BY PLANS GENERALLY OR ANY PARTICULAR PLAN, OR THAT THIS INVESTMENT IS APPROPRIATE FOR PLANS GENERALLY OR ANY PARTICULAR PLAN.
514
Legal Investment
None of the classes of Offered Certificates will constitute “mortgage related securities” for purposes of the Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act of 1984, as amended (“SMMEA”). Generally, the only classes of Offered Certificates which will qualify as “mortgage related securities” will be those that (1) are rated in one of the two highest rating categories by at least one NRSRO; and (2) are part of a series evidencing interests in a trust consisting of loans originated by certain types of originators specified in SMMEA and secured by first liens on real estate.
Although Section 939(e) of the Dodd-Frank Act amended SMMEA, effective July 21, 2012, so as to require the SEC to establish creditworthiness standards by that date in substitution for the foregoing ratings test, the SEC has neither proposed nor adopted a rule establishing new creditworthiness standards for purposes of SMMEA as of the date of this prospectus. However, the SEC has issued a transitional interpretation (Release No. 34-67448 (effective July 20, 2012)), which provides that, until such time as final rules establishing new standards of creditworthiness become effective, the standard of creditworthiness for purposes of the definition of the term “mortgage related security” is a security that is rated in one of the two highest rating categories by at least one NRSRO. Depending on the standards of creditworthiness that are ultimately established by the SEC, it is possible that certain classes of Offered Certificates specified to be “mortgage related securities” for purposes of SMMEA may no longer qualify as such as of the time such new standards are effective.
The appropriate characterization of the Offered Certificates under various legal investment restrictions, and thus the ability of investors subject to those restrictions to purchase the Offered Certificates, are subject to significant interpretive uncertainties. We make no representation as to the proper characterization of the Offered Certificates for legal investment, financial institution regulatory, or other purposes, or as to the ability of particular investors to purchase any Offered Certificates under applicable legal investment restrictions. Further, any ratings downgrade of a class of Offered Certificates by an NRSRO to less than an “investment grade” rating (i.e., lower than the top four rating categories) may adversely affect the ability of an investor to purchase or retain, or otherwise impact the regulatory characteristics of, that class. The uncertainties described above (and any unfavorable future determinations concerning the legal investment or financial institution regulatory characteristics of the Offered Certificates) may adversely affect the liquidity and market value of the Offered Certificates.
Accordingly, if your investment activities are subject to legal investment laws and regulations, regulatory capital requirements, or review by regulatory authorities, you should consult with your own legal advisors in determining whether and to what extent the Offered Certificates constitute legal investments or are subject to investment, capital, or other regulatory restrictions.
The issuing entity will not be registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. The issuing entity will be relying on an exclusion or exemption from the definition of “investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended contained in Section 3(c)(5) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or Rule 3a-7 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, although there may be additional exclusions or exemptions available to the issuing entity. The issuing entity is being structured so as not to constitute a “covered fund” for purposes of the Volcker Rule under the Dodd-Frank Act.
515
Legal Matters
The validity of the Offered Certificates and certain federal income tax matters will be passed upon for the depositor by Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft LLP, Charlotte, North Carolina, and certain other legal matters will be passed upon for the underwriters by Sidley Austin LLP, New York, New York.
Ratings
It is a condition to their issuance that the Offered Certificates (other than the Class B, Class C, Class X-A and Class X-B certificates) receive investment grade credit ratings from four (4) of the Rating Agencies engaged by the depositor to rate the Offered Certificates, and it is a condition to their issuance that the Class B, Class C, Class X-A and Class X-B certificates receive investment grade credit ratings from the three (3) Rating Agencies engaged by the depositor to rate the Offered Certificates.
We are not obligated to maintain any particular rating with respect to any class of Offered Certificates. Changes affecting the Mortgaged Properties, the parties to the PSA or another person may have an adverse effect on the ratings of the Offered Certificates, and thus on the liquidity, market value and regulatory characteristics of the Offered Certificates, although such adverse changes would not necessarily be an event of default under the related Mortgage Loan.
The ratings address the likelihood of full and timely receipt by the Certificateholders of all distributions of interest at the applicable Pass-Through Rate on the Offered Certificates to which they are entitled on each Distribution Date and the ultimate payment in full of the Certificate Balance of each class of Offered Certificates on a date that it not later than the Rated Final Distribution Date with respect to such class of certificates. The Rated Final Distribution Date will be the Distribution Date in August 2049. See “Yield and Maturity Considerations” and “Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Advances”. Any ratings of each Offered Certificates should be evaluated independently from similar ratings on other types of securities.
The ratings are not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities, a measure of asset value or an indication of the suitability of an investment, and may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by any Rating Agency. In addition, these ratings do not address: (a) the likelihood, timing, or frequency of prepayments (both voluntary and involuntary) and their impact on interest payments or the degree to which such prepayments might differ from those originally anticipated, (b) the possibility that a Certificateholder might suffer a lower than anticipated yield, (c) the likelihood of receipt of Yield Maintenance Charges, prepayment charges, Prepayment Premiums, prepayment fees or penalties, default interest or post-anticipated repayment date additional interest, (d) the likelihood of experiencing any Prepayment Interest Shortfalls, an assessment of whether or to what extent the interest payable on any class of Offered Certificates may be reduced in connection with any Prepayment Interest Shortfalls, or of receiving Compensating Interest Payments, (e) the tax treatment of the Offered Certificates or effect of taxes on the payments received, (f) the likelihood or willingness of the parties to the respective documents to meet their contractual obligations or the likelihood or willingness of any party or court to enforce, or hold enforceable, the documents in whole or in part, (g) an assessment of the yield to maturity that investors may experience, (h) the likelihood, timing or receipt of any payments of interest to the holders of the Offered Certificates resulting from an increase in the interest rate on any Mortgage Loan in connection with a Mortgage
516
Loan modification, waiver or amendment, (i) Excess Interest, or (j) other non-credit risks, including, without limitation, market risks or liquidity.
The ratings take into consideration the credit quality of the underlying Mortgaged Properties and the Mortgage Loans, structural and legal aspects associated with the Offered Certificates, and the extent to which the payment stream of the Mortgage Loans is adequate to make payments required under the Offered Certificates. However, as noted above, the ratings do not represent an assessment of the likelihood, timing or frequency of principal prepayments (both voluntary and involuntary) by the borrowers, or the degree to which such prepayments might differ from those originally anticipated. In general, the ratings address credit risk and not prepayment risk. Ratings are forward-looking opinions about credit risk and express an agency’s opinion about the ability and willingness of an issuer of securities to meet its financial obligations in full and on time. Ratings are not indications of investment merit. In addition, the ratings do not represent an assessment of the yield to maturity that investors may experience or the possibility that investors might not fully recover their initial investment in the event of delinquencies or defaults or rapid prepayments on the Mortgage Loans (including both voluntary and involuntary prepayments) or the application of any Realized Losses. In the event that holders of such certificates do not fully recover their investment as a result of rapid principal prepayments on the Mortgage Loans, all amounts “due” to such holders will nevertheless have been paid, and such result is consistent with the ratings assigned to such certificates. As indicated in this prospectus, holders of the certificates with Notional Amounts are entitled only to payments of interest on the related Mortgage Loans. If the Mortgage Loans were to prepay in the initial month, with the result that the holders of the certificates with Notional Amounts receive only a single month’s interest and therefore, suffer a nearly complete loss of their investment, all amounts “due” to such holders will nevertheless have been paid, and such result is consistent with the rating received on those certificates. The Notional Amounts of the certificates with Notional Amounts on which interest is calculated may be reduced by the allocation of Realized Losses and prepayments, whether voluntary or involuntary. The ratings do not address the timing or magnitude of reductions of such Notional Amount, but only the obligation to pay interest timely on the Notional Amount, as so reduced from time to time. Therefore, the ratings of the certificates with Notional Amounts should be evaluated independently from similar ratings on other types of securities. See “Risk Factors—Other Risks Relating to the Certificates—Your Yield May Be Affected by Defaults, Prepayments and Other Factors” and “Yield and Maturity Considerations”.
Although the depositor will prepay fees for ongoing rating surveillance by certain of the Rating Agencies, the depositor has no obligation or ability to ensure that any Rating Agency performs ratings surveillance. In addition, a Rating Agency may cease ratings surveillance if the information furnished to that Rating Agency is insufficient to allow it to perform surveillance.
Any of the four NRSROs that we hired may issue unsolicited credit ratings on one or more classes of certificates that we did not hire it to rate. Additionally, other NRSROs that we have not engaged to rate the Offered Certificates may nevertheless issue unsolicited credit ratings on one or more Classes of Offered Certificates relying on information they receive pursuant to Rule 17g-5 or otherwise. If any such unsolicited ratings are issued, we cannot assure you that they will not be different from those ratings assigned by the Rating Agencies. The issuance of unsolicited ratings of a Class of the Offered Certificates that are lower than the ratings assigned by the Rating Agencies may adversely impact the liquidity, market value and regulatory characteristics of that class. As part of the process of obtaining ratings for the Offered Certificates, the depositor had initial discussions with and submitted certain materials to six NRSROs. Based on final feedback from those six NRSROs
517
at that time, the depositor hired the Rating Agencies to rate the Offered Certificates and not the other four NRSROs due, in part, to those NRSROs’ initial subordination levels for the various Classes of Offered Certificates. Had the depositor selected such other NRSROs to rate the Offered Certificates, we cannot assure you as to the ratings that such other NRSROs would ultimately have assigned to the Certificates. In the case of one NRSRO hired by the depositor, the depositor only requested ratings for certain Classes of rated Offered Certificates, due in part to the final subordination levels provided by that NRSRO for the Classes of Offered Certificates. If the depositor had selected that NRSRO to rate the Classes of Offered Certificates not rated by it, the ratings on those other Offered Certificates may have been different, and potentially lower, than those ratings ultimately assigned to those certificates by the other three NRSROs hired by the depositor. Although unsolicited ratings may be issued by any NRSRO, an NRSRO might be more likely to issue an unsolicited rating if it was not selected after having provided preliminary feedback to the depositor.
518
INDEX OF DEFINED TERMS
1 | ||
17g-5 Information Provider | 327 | |
1986 Act | 495 | |
1996 Act | 473 | |
2 | ||
2015 Budget Act | 503 | |
3 | ||
30/360 Basis | 365 | |
4 | ||
401(c) Regulations | 514 | |
A | ||
A Notes | 227 | |
AB Modified Loan | 377 | |
Accelerated Mezzanine Loan Lender | 320 | |
Acceptable Insurance Default | 381 | |
Acting General Counsel’s Letter | 141 | |
Actual/360 Basis | 190 | |
Actual/360 Loans | 353 | |
ADA | 475 | |
Additional Exclusions | 381 | |
Additional IDA Bonds | 187 | |
Administrative Cost Rate | 302 | |
ADR | 145 | |
Advances | 348 | |
Affirmative Asset Review Vote | 421 | |
Agency | 187 | |
Aggregate Available Funds | 295 | |
Aggregate Excess Prepayment Interest Shortfall | 314 | |
Aggregate Gain-on-Sale Entitlement Amount | 297 | |
Aggregate Principal Distribution Amount | 303 | |
AIFM Regulation | 290 | |
Allocated Appraisal Reduction Amount | 374 | |
Annual Debt Service | 146 | |
Anticipated Repayment Date | 190 | |
Appraisal Institute | 238 | |
Appraisal Reduction Amount | 373 |
Appraisal Reduction Event | 372 | |
Appraised Value | 146 | |
Appraised-Out Class | 378 | |
ARD Loan | 190 | |
Assessment of Compliance | 451 | |
Asset Representations Reviewer Asset Review Fee | 371 | |
Asset Representations Reviewer Fee | 371 | |
Asset Representations Reviewer Fee Rate | 371 | |
Asset Representations Reviewer Termination Event | 426 | |
Asset Representations Reviewer Upfront Fee | 371 | |
Asset Review | 423 | |
Asset Review Notice | 421 | |
Asset Review Quorum | 421 | |
Asset Review Report | 424 | |
Asset Review Report Summary | 424 | |
Asset Review Standard | 423 | |
Asset Review Trigger | 420 | |
Asset Review Vote Election | 421 | |
Asset Status Report | 393 | |
Assumed Final Distribution Date | 311 | |
Assumed Scheduled Payment | 304 | |
ASTM | 171 | |
Attestation Report | 451 | |
Available Funds | 297 | |
B | ||
B Notes | 228 | |
Balloon Balance | 146 | |
Balloon or ARD LTV Ratio | 150 | |
Balloon or ARD Payment | 151 | |
BAMLCM | 260 | |
Bank of America | 246 | |
Bank of America Data File | 255 | |
Bank of America Guidelines | 248 | |
Bankruptcy Code | 466 | |
Base Interest Fraction | 310 | |
Borrower Party | 320 | |
Borrower Party Affiliate | 320 | |
Breach Notice | 338 | |
C | ||
C Notes | 228 | |
C(WUMP)O | 19 |
519
Capital Requirements Regulation | 290 | |
Cash Flow Analysis | 146 | |
CERCLA | 472 | |
Certificate Administrator/Trustee Fee | 370 | |
Certificate Administrator/Trustee Fee Rate | 370 | |
Certificate Balance | 293 | |
Certificate Owners | 330 | |
Certificateholder | 321 | |
Certificateholder Quorum | 430 | |
Certificateholder Repurchase Request | 440 | |
Certifying Certificateholder | 332 | |
Class A Certificates | 292 | |
Class A-SB Planned Principal Balance | 305 | |
Class X Certificates | 292 | |
Clearstream | 328 | |
Clearstream Participants | 331 | |
Closing Date | 145, 234 | |
CMBS | 57 | |
COCs | 172 | |
Code | 492 | |
Collateral Deficiency Amount | 377 | |
Collection Account | 352 | |
Collection Period | 297 | |
Communication Request | 332 | |
Companion A Notes | 227 | |
Companion B Notes | 228 | |
Companion Distribution Account | 352 | |
Companion Holder | 202 | |
Companion Holders | 202 | |
Companion Loan Rating Agency | 202 | |
Companion Loans | 144 | |
Compensating Interest Payment | 313 | |
Complaint | 277 | |
Constant Prepayment Rate | 483 | |
Consultation Termination Event | 408 | |
Control Eligible Certificates | 403 | |
Control Termination Event | 408 | |
Controlling Class | 402 | |
Controlling Class Certificateholder | 402 | |
Corrected Loan | 393 | |
CPP | 483 | |
CPR | 483 | |
CPY | 483 | |
CRE Loans | 243, 271 | |
Credit Risk Retention Agreement | 290 | |
Credit Risk Retention Rules | 287 | |
CREFC® | 317 | |
CREFC® Intellectual Property Royalty License Fee | 372 |
CREFC® Intellectual Property Royalty License Fee Rate | 372 | |
CREFC® Reports | 317 | |
Cross-Over Date | 300 | |
Cumulative Appraisal Reduction Amount | 377, 378 | |
Cure/Contest Period | 423 | |
Custodian | 276 | |
Cut-off Date | 143 | |
Cut-off Date Balance | 148 | |
Cut-off Date Loan-to-Value Ratio | 148 | |
Cut-off Date LTV Ratio | 148 | |
D | ||
D Notes | 228 | |
D or @%(#) | 152 | |
D or GRTR of @% or YM(#) | 152 | |
D or YM(#) | 152 | |
D(#) | 152 | |
Debt Service Coverage Ratio | 149 | |
Defaulted Loan | 399 | |
Defeasance Deposit | 194 | |
Defeasance Loans | 193 | |
Defeasance Lock-Out Period | 193 | |
Defeasance Option | 193 | |
Definitive Certificate | 328 | |
Delinquent Loan | 421 | |
Demand Entities | 260, 272 | |
Depositories | 329 | |
Determination Date | 295 | |
Diligence File | 335 | |
Directing Certificateholder | 402 | |
Disclosable Special Servicer Fees | 369 | |
Discount Rate | 310 | |
Dispute Resolution Consultation | 442 | |
Dispute Resolution Cut-off Date | 441 | |
Distribution Accounts | 352 | |
Distribution Date | 295 | |
Distribution Date Statement | 317 | |
District Court | 277 | |
Dodd-Frank Act | 122 | |
DOL | 511 | |
Draft CRR Amendment Regulation | 125 | |
DSCR | 149 | |
DTC | 328 | |
DTC Participants | 329 | |
DTC Rules | 330 | |
Due Date | 189, 297 | |
E | ||
E Notes | 228 |
520
EDGAR | 510 | |
Effective Gross Income | 147 | |
Eligible Asset Representations Reviewer | 424 | |
Eligible Operating Advisor | 415 | |
Enforcing Party | 440 | |
Enforcing Servicer | 440 | |
ESA | 171 | |
EU Retention Requirements | 290 | |
EU Risk Retention and Due Diligence Requirements | 124 | |
Euroclear | 328 | |
Euroclear Operator | 331 | |
Euroclear Participants | 331 | |
Excess Interest | 294 | |
Excess Interest Distribution Account | 353 | |
Excess Modification Fee Amount | 366 | |
Excess Modification Fees | 364 | |
Excess Prepayment Interest Shortfall | 314 | |
Exchange Act | 234 | |
Excluded Controlling Class Holder | 319 | |
Excluded Controlling Class Loan | 320 | |
Excluded Information | 320 | |
Excluded Loan | 320 | |
Excluded Plan | 513 | |
Excluded Special Servicer | 430 | |
Excluded Special Servicer Loan | 430 | |
Exemption | 512 | |
Exemption Rating Agency | 512 | |
F | ||
FATCA | 505 | |
FDIA | 140 | |
FDIC | 141, 283 | |
FedEx - Atlanta, GA Companion Loan | 222 | |
FedEx - Atlanta, GA Controlling Note Holder | 225 | |
FedEx - Atlanta, GA Intercreditor Agreement | 224 | |
FedEx - Atlanta, GA Mortgage Loan | 222 | |
FedEx - Atlanta, GA Mortgaged Property | 222 | |
FedEx - Atlanta, GA Noteholders | 224 | |
FedEx - Atlanta, GA Whole Loan | 222 | |
FedEx - Boulder, CO Companion Loan | 223 | |
FedEx - Boulder, CO Companion Loans | 223 |
FedEx - Boulder, CO Controlling Note Holder | 225 | |
FedEx - Boulder, CO Intercreditor Agreement | 224 | |
FedEx - Boulder, CO Mortgage Loan | 223 | |
FedEx - Boulder, CO Mortgaged Property | 223 | |
FedEx - Boulder, CO Noteholders | 224 | |
FedEx - Boulder, CO Whole Loan | 223 | |
FedEx - Fife, WA Companion Loan | 223 | |
FedEx - Fife, WA Controlling Note Holder | 225 | |
FedEx - Fife, WA Intercreditor Agreement | 224 | |
FedEx - Fife, WA Mortgage Loan | 223 | |
FedEx – Fife, WA Mortgaged Property | 223 | |
FedEx - Fife, WA Noteholders | 224 | |
FedEx - Fife, WA Whole Loan | 223 | |
FedEx - West Palm Beach, FL Companion Loan | 223 | |
FedEx - West Palm Beach, FL Controlling Note Holder | 225 | |
FedEx - West Palm Beach, FL Intercreditor Agreement | 224 | |
FedEx - West Palm Beach, FL Mortgage Loan | 223 | |
FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Mortgaged Property | 223 | |
FedEx - West Palm Beach, FL Noteholders | 224 | |
FedEx - West Palm Beach, FL Whole Loan | 223 | |
FedEx Companion Loans | 223 | |
FedEx Controlling Note Holders | 225 | |
FedEx Intercreditor Agreements | 224 | |
FedEx Mortgage Loans | 223 | |
FedEx Mortgaged Properties | 223 | |
FedEx Non-Controlling Note Holder | 226 | |
FedEx Noteholders | 224 | |
FedEx Whole Loan | 223 | |
FIEL | 21 | |
Final Asset Status Report | 412 | |
Final Dispute Resolution Election Notice | 442 | |
Financial Promotion Order | 18 | |
FINRA | 509 | |
FIRREA | 142 | |
Fitch | 280, 449 | |
FPO Persons | 18 | |
FSMA | 18 |
521
Funds | 282 | |
G | ||
Gain-on-Sale Remittance Amount | 297 | |
Gain-on-Sale Reserve Account | 353 | |
Garn Act | 474 | |
GLA | 150 | |
Government Securities | 191 | |
Grantor | 181 | |
Grantor Trust | 294, 492 | |
GRTR of @% or YM(#) | 152 | |
H | ||
Hedging Covenant | 291 | |
I | ||
IDA Agreement | 187 | |
IDA Bonds | 187 | |
Indirect Participants | 329 | |
Initial IDA Bonds | 187 | |
Initial Pool Balance | 143 | |
Initial Rate | 190 | |
Initial Requesting Certificateholder | 440 | |
In-Place Cash Management | 150 | |
Insurance and Condemnation Proceeds | 352 | |
Intercreditor Agreement | 202 | |
Interest Accrual Amount | 303 | |
Interest Accrual Period | 303 | |
Interest Distribution Amount | 302 | |
Interest Reserve Account | 353 | |
Interest Shortfall | 303 | |
Interested Person | 400 | |
Investor Certification | 321 | |
K | ||
KBRA | 449 | |
L | ||
L(#) | 152 | |
Lennar | 282 | |
Liquidation Fee | 367 | |
Liquidation Fee Rate | 367 | |
Liquidation Proceeds | 352 | |
Loan Per Unit | 150 | |
Lock-out Period | 191 | |
Loss of Value Payment | 340 | |
Lower-Tier Regular Interests | 492 | |
Lower-Tier REMIC | 294, 492 |
LTV Ratio | 148 | |
LTV Ratio at Maturity or Anticipated Repayment Date | 150 | |
LTV Ratio at Maturity or ARD | 150 | |
M | ||
MAI | 341 | |
Major Decision | 404 | |
MAS | 20 | |
Massachusetts Tax Commissioner | 187 | |
Material Defect | 338 | |
Maturity Date Balloon or ARD Payment | 151 | |
MLPA | 333 | |
Modification Fees | 364 | |
Moody’s | 280, 449 | |
Morgan Stanley Bank | 261 | |
Morgan Stanley Group | 261 | |
Morgan Stanley Origination Entity | 263 | |
Morningstar | 280 | |
Mortgage | 145 | |
Mortgage File | 333 | |
Mortgage Loans | 143 | |
Mortgage Note | 145 | |
Mortgage Pool | 143 | |
Mortgage Rate | 302 | |
Mortgaged Property | 145 | |
MSMCH | 261 | |
MSMCH Data File | 269 | |
MSMCH Mortgage Loans | 261 | |
MSMCH Qualification Criteria | 271 | |
MSMCH Securitization Database | 269 | |
MTCA | 172 | |
N | ||
Net Mortgage Rate | 302 | |
Net Operating Income | 151 | |
NFA | 509 | |
NI 33-105 | 22 | |
NOI Date | 151 | |
Nonrecoverable Advance | 349 | |
Non-Retained Certificates | 293 | |
Non-Retained Percentage | 289 | |
Non-Serviced Certificate Administrator | 202 | |
Non-Serviced Companion Loan | 203 | |
Non-Serviced Directing Certificateholder | 203 | |
Non-Serviced Master Servicer | 203 | |
Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan | 203 | |
Non-Serviced PSA | 203 |
522
Non-Serviced Special Servicer | 203 | |
Non-Serviced Subordinate Companion Loan | 203 | |
Non-Serviced Trustee | 203 | |
Non-Serviced Whole Loan | 203 | |
Non-U.S. Person | 505 | |
Northrop Grumman Systems | 162 | |
Notional Amount | 294 | |
NRA | 151 | |
NRSRO | 319 | |
NRSRO Certification | 322 | |
O | ||
O(#) | 152 | |
OCC | 234, 246 | |
Occupancy As Of Date | 151 | |
Occupancy Rate | 151 | |
Offered Certificates | 293 | |
OID Regulations | 496 | |
OLA | 141 | |
One Penn Center Companion Loan | 219 | |
One Penn Center Controlling Note Holder | 220 | |
One Penn Center Intercreditor Agreement | 219 | |
One Penn Center Mortgage Loan | 219 | |
One Penn Center Mortgaged Property | 219 | |
One Penn Center Non-Controlling Note Holder | 221 | |
One Penn Center Noteholders | 219 | |
One Penn Center Whole Loan | 219 | |
One Stamford Forum Companion Loan | 208 | |
One Stamford Forum Controlling Note Holder | 210 | |
One Stamford Forum Intercreditor Agreement | 209 | |
One Stamford Forum Mortgage Loan | 208 | |
One Stamford Forum Mortgaged Property | 208 | |
One Stamford Forum Non-Controlling Note Holder | 210 | |
One Stamford Forum Noteholders | 208 | |
One Stamford Forum Whole Loan | 208 | |
Operating Advisor Consulting Fee | 370 | |
Operating Advisor Expenses | 371 | |
Operating Advisor Fee | 370 | |
Operating Advisor Fee Rate | 370 | |
Operating Advisor Standard | 413 |
Operating Advisor Termination Event | 416 | |
Other Master Servicer | 203 | |
Other PSA | 203 | |
P | ||
P&I Advance | 347 | |
P&I Advance Date | 347 | |
Pads | 158 | |
Par Purchase Price | 399 | |
Pari Passu Companion Loans | 144 | |
Pari Passu Mortgage Loan | 203 | |
Park Bridge Financial | 286 | |
Park Bridge Lender Services | 286 | |
Participants | 328 | |
Parties in Interest | 511 | |
Pass-Through Rate | 300 | |
Patriot Act | 476 | |
PCIS Persons | 18 | |
Percentage Interest | 295 | |
Periodic Payments | 296 | |
Permitted Investments | 295, 354 | |
Permitted Special Servicer/Affiliate Fees | 369 | |
Pinnacle II Companion Loan | 212 | |
Pinnacle II Companion Loans | 212 | |
Pinnacle II Controlling Note Holder | 213 | |
Pinnacle II Intercreditor Agreement | 212 | |
Pinnacle II Mortgage Loan | 212 | |
Pinnacle II Mortgaged Property | 212 | |
Pinnacle II Non-Controlling Note Holder | 214 | |
Pinnacle II Noteholders | 212 | |
Pinnacle II Whole Loan | 212 | |
PIPs | 174 | |
PL | 238 | |
Plans | 510 | |
PML | 238 | |
PRC | 19 | |
Preliminary Dispute Resolution Election Notice | 441 | |
Prepayment Assumption | 497 | |
Prepayment Interest Excess | 312 | |
Prepayment Interest Shortfall | 312 | |
Prepayment Premium | 311 | |
Prepayment Provisions | 152 | |
Prime Rate | 352 | |
Principal Balance Certificates | 293 | |
Principal Distribution Amount | 303 | |
Principal Shortfall | 305 | |
Privileged Information | 415 |
523
Privileged Information Exception | 416 | |
Privileged Person | 319 | |
Professional Investors | 19 | |
Prohibited Prepayment | 313 | |
Promotion of Collective Investment Schemes Exemptions Order | 18 | |
Proposed Course of Action | 441 | |
Proposed Course of Action Notice | 441 | |
Prospectus Directive | 17 | |
PSA | 292 | |
PSA Party Repurchase Request | 440 | |
PTCE | 514 | |
Purchase Price | 340 | |
Q | ||
Qualification Criteria | 243 | |
Qualified Investor | 17 | |
Qualified Replacement Special Servicer | 430 | |
Qualified Substitute Mortgage Loan | 341 | |
Qualifying CRE Loan Percentage | 290 | |
R | ||
RAC No-Response Scenario | 448 | |
Rated Final Distribution Date | 312 | |
Rating Agencies | 449 | |
Rating Agency Confirmation | 449 | |
RCM | 282 | |
REA | 66 | |
Realized Loss | 315 | |
REC | 171 | |
Record Date | 295 | |
Registration Statement | 510 | |
Regular Certificates | 293 | |
Regular Interestholder | 495 | |
Regular Interests | 492 | |
Regulation AB | 451 | |
Reimbursement Rate | 351 | |
Related Proceeds | 350 | |
Release Amount | 195 | |
Release Date | 193 | |
Relevant Member State | 16 | |
Relevant Persons | 18 | |
Relief Act | 476 | |
Remaining Term to Maturity or ARD | 153 | |
REMIC | 492 | |
REMIC Regulations | 492 | |
REO Account | 354 |
REO Loan | 306 | |
REO Property | 393 | |
Repurchase Request | 440 | |
Requesting Certificateholder | 442 | |
Requesting Holders | 379 | |
Requesting Investor | 332 | |
Requesting Party | 448 | |
Required Credit Risk Retention Percentage | 290 | |
Requirements | 476 | |
Residual Certificates | 293 | |
Resolution Failure | 440 | |
Resolved | 441 | |
Restricted Group | 512 | |
Restricted Party | 416 | |
Retained Certificate Available Funds | 288 | |
Retained Certificate Gain-on-Sale Remittance Amount | 288 | |
Retained Certificate Interest Distribution Amount | 289 | |
Retained Certificate Principal Distribution Amount | 289 | |
Retaining Parties | 287 | |
Review Materials | 421 | |
Revised Rate | 190 | |
RevPAR | 153 | |
Rialto | 282 | |
Risk Retention Allocation Percentage | 289 | |
Risk Retention Consultation Party | 320 | |
RMBS | 277 | |
Rooms | 158 | |
Routine Disbursements | 388 | |
RRI Interest | 292 | |
Rule 15Ga-1 Reporting Period | 243 | |
Rule 17g-5 | 322 | |
S | ||
S&P | 280, 449 | |
Scheduled Principal Distribution Amount | 304 | |
SEC | 234 | |
Securities Act | 451 | |
Securitization Accounts | 292, 354 | |
Securitization Framework | 125 | |
Securitization Regulation | 125 | |
SEL | 238 | |
Senior Certificates | 293 | |
Serviced Companion Loan | 204 | |
Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan | 204 |
524
Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan Securities | 433 | |
Serviced Pari Passu Mortgage Loan | 204 | |
Serviced Whole Loan | 204 | |
Servicer Termination Event | 432 | |
Servicing Advances | 348 | |
Servicing Fee | 362 | |
Servicing Fee Rate | 362 | |
Servicing Standard | 346 | |
SF | 153 | |
SFA | 20 | |
SFO | 19 | |
Similar Law | 511 | |
Simon Premium Outlets Companion Loan | 215 | |
Simon Premium Outlets Controlling Note Holder | 217 | |
Simon Premium Outlets Intercreditor Agreement | 216 | |
Simon Premium Outlets Mortgage Loan | 215 | |
Simon Premium Outlets Mortgaged Property | 215 | |
Simon Premium Outlets Non-Controlling Note Holder | 217 | |
Simon Premium Outlets Noteholders | 216 | |
Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan | 215 | |
SIPC | 509 | |
SMMEA | 515 | |
Solvency II Regulation | 290 | |
Special Servicer | 282 | |
Special Servicer Decision | 387 | |
Special Servicing Fee | 365 | |
Special Servicing Fee Rate | 365 | |
Special Warranty Deeds | 181 | |
Specially Serviced Loans | 390 | |
Sq. Ft. | 153 | |
Square Feet | 153 | |
Startup Day | 493 | |
Stated Principal Balance | 305 | |
Structured Product | 19 | |
Structuring Assumptions | 483 | |
Subordinate Certificates | 293 | |
Subordinate Companion Loan | 144, 204 | |
Sub-Servicing Agreement | 346 | |
T | ||
T-12 | 153 | |
tax matters persons | 503 |
Term to Maturity | 153 | |
Termination Purchase Amount | 452 | |
Terms and Conditions | 331 | |
Tests | 423 | |
The Shops at Crystals Companion Loans | 228 | |
The Shops at Crystals Directing Certificateholder | 232 | |
The Shops at Crystals Intercreditor Agreement | 228 | |
The Shops at Crystals Master Servicer | 228 | |
The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan | 227 | |
The Shops at Crystals Noteholders | 228 | |
The Shops at Crystals Pari Passu Companion Loans | 227 | |
The Shops at Crystals Subordinate Companion Loans | 228 | |
The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan | 228 | |
TIF | 187 | |
Title V | 475 | |
TMPs | 503 | |
Total Operating Expenses | 147 | |
TRIPRA | 88 | |
Trust | 274 | |
Trust A Note | 227 | |
Trust B Note | 227 | |
Trust REMICs | 294, 492 | |
TTM | 153 | |
U | ||
U.S. Person | 504 | |
U/W DSCR | 149 | |
U/W Expenses | 153 | |
U/W NCF | 153 | |
U/W NCF Debt Yield | 156 | |
U/W NCF DSCR | 149, 156 | |
U/W NOI | 156 | |
U/W NOI Debt Yield | 157 | |
U/W NOI DSCR | 157 | |
U/W Revenues | 157 | |
UCC | 460 | |
Underwriter Entities | 110 | |
Underwriting Agreement | 507 | |
Underwritten Debt Service Coverage Ratio | 149 | |
Underwritten Expenses | 153 | |
Underwritten NCF | 153 | |
Underwritten NCF Debt Yield | 156 | |
Underwritten Net Cash Flow | 153 |
525
Underwritten Net Cash Flow Debt Service Coverage Ratio | 156 | |
Underwritten Net Operating Income | 156 | |
Underwritten Net Operating Income Debt Service Coverage Ratio | 157 | |
Underwritten NOI | 156 | |
Underwritten NOI Debt Yield | 157 | |
Underwritten Revenues | 157 | |
Units | 158 | |
Unscheduled Principal Distribution Amount | 304 | |
Unsolicited Information | 422 | |
Upper-Tier REMIC | 294, 492 | |
V | ||
Vertex Pharmaceuticals | 161 | |
Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Intercreditor Agreement | 206 | |
Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Mortgage Loan | 205 | |
Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Mortgaged Property | 205 | |
Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Non-Controlling Holder | 207 | |
Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Pari Passu Companion Loans | 205 | |
Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-1 | 205 | |
Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-2-1 | 205 | |
Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-2-2 | 205 | |
Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-2-3 | 205 |
Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-3 | 205 | |
Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-4 | 205 | |
Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-5 | 205 | |
Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-6 | 205 | |
Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Note A-7 | 205 | |
Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Promissory Notes | 205 | |
Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan | 205 | |
Volcker Rule | 123 | |
Voting Rights | 328 | |
W | ||
WAC Rate | 302 | |
Wachovia Bank | 235, 278 | |
WDOE | 172 | |
Weighted Average Mortgage Rate | 158 | |
Weighted Averages | 158 | |
Wells Fargo Bank | 234, 278 | |
Wells Fargo Bank Data Tape | 241 | |
Wells Fargo Bank Deal Team | 241 | |
Whole Loan | 144 | |
Withheld Amounts | 353 | |
Workout Fee | 366 | |
Workout Fee Rate | 366 | |
Workout-Delayed Reimbursement Amount | 351 | |
WTNA | 274 | |
Y | ||
Yield Maintenance Charge | 311 | |
YM(#) | 152 |
526
ANNEX A-1
CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MORTGAGE LOANS AND MORTGAGED PROPERTIES
(THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK)
ANNEX A-1 — CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MORTGAGE LOANS AND MORTGAGED PROPERTIES
Mortgage Loan Number | Property Name | Mortgage Loan Seller(1) | Cross Collateralized and Cross Defaulted Loan Flag(2) | Address | City | State | Zip Code |
1 | The Shops at Crystals | WFB/BANA | 3720 South Las Vegas Boulevard | Las Vegas | NV | 89109 | |
2 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ | MSMCH | 11 Fan Pier Boulevard & 50 Northern Avenue | Boston | MA | 02210 | |
3 | One Stamford Forum | BANA | 201 Tresser Boulevard | Stamford | CT | 06901 | |
4 | Renaissance Dallas | WFB | 2222 North Stemmons Freeway | Dallas | TX | 75207 | |
5 | Pinnacle II | WFB | 3300 West Olive Avenue | Burbank | CA | 91505 | |
6 | Brewers Hill | WFB | 3600, 3601, 3700 O’Donnell Street | Baltimore | MD | 21224 | |
7 | Simon Premium Outlets | BANA | Various | Various | Various | Various | |
7.01 | Lee Premium Outlets | BANA | 50 Water Street | Lee | MA | 01238 | |
7.02 | Gaffney Premium Outlets | BANA | 1 Factory Shops Boulevard | Gaffney | SC | 29341 | |
7.03 | Calhoun Premium Outlets | BANA | 455 Belwood Road | Calhoun | GA | 30701 | |
8 | One Penn Center | WFB | 1601 John F. Kennedy Boulevard | Philadelphia | PA | 19103 | |
9 | Hilton Long Island Huntington | MSMCH | 598 Broad Hollow Road | Melville | NY | 11747 | |
10 | Aurora Office Building | MSMCH | 750 South Richfield Street | Aurora | CO | 80017 | |
11 | 633 Third Avenue - Retail Condo | WFB | 633 Third Avenue | New York | NY | 10017 | |
12 | Riverside University Village | BANA | 3522 Iowa Avenue; 1201, 1223 & 1299 University Avenue | Riverside | CA | 92507 | |
13 | FedEx - Atlanta, GA | BANA | FedEx - Atlanta, GA & West Palm Beach, FL | 7520 Factory Shoals Road Southwest | Austell | GA | 30168 |
14 | FedEx - West Palm Beach, FL | BANA | FedEx - Atlanta, GA & West Palm Beach, FL | 7358 7th Place North | West Palm Beach | FL | 33411 |
15 | FedEx - Fife, WA | BANA | 3015 78th Avenue East | Fife | WA | 98424 | |
16 | 420 East Third Street | MSMCH | 420 East Third Street | Los Angeles | CA | 90013 | |
17 | Courtyard Marriott - Baldwin Park | MSMCH | 14635 Baldwin Park Towne Center | Baldwin Park | CA | 91706 | |
18 | Homewood Suites Del Mar | WFB | 11025 Vista Sorrento Parkway | San Diego | CA | 92130 | |
19 | Corporate Center at Kierland | BANA | 14635 North Kierland Boulevard | Scottsdale | AZ | 85254 | |
20 | La Crosse Industrial | BANA | 1637-1641 & 1717 Saint James Street | La Crosse | WI | 54603 | |
21 | Southland Terrace Shopping Center | WFB | 3815-3997 South Seventh Street Road | Louisville | KY | 40216 | |
22 | Nassau Bay Town Square | WFB | 1760-1850 East Nasa Parkway; 18015-18048 Saturn Lane | Houston | TX | 77058 | |
23 | U-Stor-It Lisle | BANA | 2100 Ogden Avenue | Lisle | IL | 60532 | |
24 | So Cal Self Storage - Northridge | WFB | 9000 Corbin Avenue | Northridge | CA | 91324 | |
25 | FedEx Ground - South Bend, IN | MSMCH | 5115 Dylan Drive | South Bend | IN | 46628 | |
26 | Westland Colonial Village Apartments | MSMCH | 8181 North Wayne Road | Westland | MI | 48185 | |
27 | Dallas MHC Portfolio | BANA | Various | Various | TX | Various | |
27.01 | Forest Acres MHC and RV Park | BANA | 4800 Kelly Elliot Road | Arlington | TX | 76017 | |
27.02 | Woodshire MHC | BANA | 4820 Lawnview Avenue | Dallas | TX | 75227 | |
27.03 | Cobblestone MHC | BANA | 2800 Proctor Street | Irving | TX | 75061 | |
28 | So Cal Self Storage - Rancho Santa Margarita | WFB | 30231 Tomas Road | Rancho Santa Margarita | CA | 92688 | |
29 | FedEx - Boulder, CO | BANA | 12405 West 112th Avenue | Broomfield | CO | 80021 | |
30 | Brewster Business Park | BANA | 1944 Route 22 | Brewster | NY | 10509 | |
31 | Bonanza Square | WFB | 2320 East Bonanza Road | Las Vegas | NV | 89101 | |
32 | Lakeview and Creek Run Business Park | BANA | Various | Columbus | OH | Various | |
32.01 | Lakeview Commerce Center | BANA | 640, 670, 690, and 720 Lakeview Plaza Boulevard | Columbus | OH | 43085 | |
32.02 | Creekrun Business Park | BANA | 460, 470, 480 Schrock Road | Columbus | OH | 43229 | |
33 | So Cal Self Storage - Camarillo | WFB | 4060 Via Pescador | Camarillo | CA | 93012 | |
34 | South Main Shopping Center | MSMCH | 8200 & 8330 Main Street | Houston | TX | 77025 | |
35 | Publix Self Storage | WFB | 9000 Angela Place | Anchorage | AK | 99502 | |
36 | SPS Frederick | WFB | 17 Western Drive | Frederick | MD | 21702 | |
37 | Shopko - Redding | WFB | 55 Lake Boulevard | Redding | CA | 96003 | |
38 | West Crossing Shopping Center | MSMCH | 14550 Westheimer Road | Houston | TX | 77077 | |
39 | Passaic Self Storage | BANA | 168 River Drive | Passaic | NJ | 07055 | |
40 | NC Storage Center Portfolio | BANA | Various | Various | NC | Various | |
40.01 | Highway 70 Storage Center | BANA | 3005 Nathan Street | Newton | NC | 28658 | |
40.02 | North Cannon Storage Center | BANA | 2745 North Cannon Boulevard | Kannapolis | NC | 28083 |
A-1-1 |
ANNEX A-1 — CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MORTGAGE LOANS AND MORTGAGED PROPERTIES
Mortgage Loan Number | Property Name | General Property Type | Specific Property Type | Year Built | Year Renovated | Number of Units(3) | Unit of Measure(3) | Cut-off Date Balance Per Unit/SF(4) | Original Balance ($)(4)(5) | Cut-off Date Balance ($)(4)(5) | |
1 | The Shops at Crystals | Retail | Anchored | 2009 | 262,327 | Sq. Ft. | 1,459 | 80,000,000 | 80,000,000 | ||
2 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ | Office | CBD | 2013 | 1,133,723 | Sq. Ft. | 375 | 80,000,000 | 80,000,000 | ||
3 | One Stamford Forum | Office | CBD | 1973 | 2000 | 504,471 | Sq. Ft. | 218 | 71,500,000 | 71,387,864 | |
4 | Renaissance Dallas | Hospitality | Full Service | 1983 | 2015 | 514 | Rooms | 116,732 | 60,000,000 | 60,000,000 | |
5 | Pinnacle II | Office | CBD | 2005 | 230,000 | Sq. Ft. | 378 | 40,000,000 | 40,000,000 | ||
6 | Brewers Hill | Mixed Use | Office/Self Storage | 1885 | 2005 | 382,213 | Sq. Ft. | 105 | 40,000,000 | 40,000,000 | |
7 | Simon Premium Outlets | Retail | Outlet Center | Various | 782,765 | Sq. Ft. | 134 | 37,500,000 | 37,399,290 | ||
7.01 | Lee Premium Outlets | Retail | Outlet Center | 1997 | 224,825 | Sq. Ft. | 19,285,714 | 19,233,921 | |||
7.02 | Gaffney Premium Outlets | Retail | Outlet Center | 1996 | 303,877 | Sq. Ft. | 11,250,000 | 11,219,787 | |||
7.03 | Calhoun Premium Outlets | Retail | Outlet Center | 1992 | 254,063 | Sq. Ft. | 6,964,286 | 6,945,582 | |||
8 | One Penn Center | Office | CBD | 1930 | 1987 | 689,966 | Sq. Ft. | 99 | 35,000,000 | 35,000,000 | |
9 | Hilton Long Island Huntington | Hospitality | Full Service | 1988 | 2013 | 305 | Rooms | 114,754 | 35,000,000 | 35,000,000 | |
10 | Aurora Office Building | Office | Suburban | 1997 | 2016 | 183,529 | Sq. Ft. | 178 | 32,600,000 | 32,600,000 | |
11 | 633 Third Avenue - Retail Condo | Retail | Anchored | 1962 | 40,468 | Sq. Ft. | 791 | 32,000,000 | 32,000,000 | ||
12 | Riverside University Village | Retail | Anchored | 1998 | 180,126 | Sq. Ft. | 161 | 29,250,000 | 29,013,042 | ||
13 | FedEx - Atlanta, GA | Industrial | Warehouse Distribution | 2016 | 311,489 | Sq. Ft. | 97 | 14,200,000 | 14,200,000 | ||
14 | FedEx - West Palm Beach, FL | Industrial | Warehouse Distribution | 2016 | 225,198 | Sq. Ft. | 97 | 11,837,500 | 11,837,500 | ||
15 | FedEx - Fife, WA | Industrial | Warehouse Distribution | 2015 | 312,928 | Sq. Ft. | 129 | 20,125,000 | 20,125,000 | ||
16 | 420 East Third Street | Mixed Use | Office/Retail | 1989 | 2016 | 116,152 | Sq. Ft. | 164 | 19,000,000 | 19,000,000 | |
17 | Courtyard Marriott - Baldwin Park | Hospitality | Select Service | 1990 | 2013 | 195 | Rooms | 97,332 | 19,000,000 | 18,979,809 | |
18 | Homewood Suites Del Mar | Hospitality | Extended Stay | 2005 | 120 | Rooms | 156,135 | 18,800,000 | 18,736,233 | ||
19 | Corporate Center at Kierland | Office | Suburban | 2000 | 107,846 | Sq. Ft. | 147 | 15,830,000 | 15,830,000 | ||
20 | La Crosse Industrial | Industrial | Flex | 1964 | 1989 | 767,722 | Sq. Ft. | 21 | 16,100,000 | 15,806,702 | |
21 | Southland Terrace Shopping Center | Retail | Anchored | 1962 | 2006 | 220,234 | Sq. Ft. | 64 | 14,000,000 | 14,000,000 | |
22 | Nassau Bay Town Square | Retail | Anchored | 2010 | 50,253 | Sq. Ft. | 256 | 12,880,000 | 12,880,000 | ||
23 | U-Stor-It Lisle | Self Storage | Self Storage | 1978 | 2014 | 98,573 | Sq. Ft. | 125 | 12,350,000 | 12,320,090 | |
24 | So Cal Self Storage - Northridge | Self Storage | Self Storage | 2005 | 76,890 | Sq. Ft. | 150 | 11,500,000 | 11,500,000 | ||
25 | FedEx Ground - South Bend, IN | Industrial | Warehouse Distribution | 2015 | 208,361 | Sq. Ft. | 55 | 12,500,000 | 11,500,000 | ||
26 | Westland Colonial Village Apartments | Multifamily | Garden | 1966 | 304 | Units | 36,790 | 11,200,000 | 11,184,133 | ||
27 | Dallas MHC Portfolio | Manufactured Housing Community | Manufactured Housing Community | Various | 296 | Pads | 33,446 | 9,900,000 | 9,900,000 | ||
27.01 | Forest Acres MHC and RV Park | Manufactured Housing Community | Manufactured Housing Community | 1975 | 133 | Pads | 4,612,000 | 4,612,000 | |||
27.02 | Woodshire MHC | Manufactured Housing Community | Manufactured Housing Community | 1958 | 120 | Pads | 3,812,000 | 3,812,000 | |||
27.03 | Cobblestone MHC | Manufactured Housing Community | Manufactured Housing Community | 1967 | 43 | Pads | 1,476,000 | 1,476,000 | |||
28 | So Cal Self Storage - Rancho Santa Margarita | Self Storage | Self Storage | 1990 | 2002 | 64,262 | Sq. Ft. | 148 | 9,500,000 | 9,500,000 | |
29 | FedEx - Boulder, CO | Industrial | Warehouse Distribution | 2016 | 211,030 | Sq. Ft. | 87 | 9,225,000 | 9,225,000 | ||
30 | Brewster Business Park | Industrial | Flex | 1975 | 1992 | 132,789 | Sq. Ft. | 64 | 8,500,000 | 8,490,251 | |
31 | Bonanza Square | Retail | Anchored | 1966 | 2015 | 107,794 | Sq. Ft. | 61 | 6,600,000 | 6,591,503 | |
32 | Lakeview and Creek Run Business Park | Industrial | Flex | 1986 | 207,951 | Sq. Ft. | 31 | 6,550,000 | 6,542,268 | ||
32.01 | Lakeview Commerce Center | Industrial | Flex | 1986 | 99,056 | Sq. Ft. | 3,275,000 | 3,271,134 | |||
32.02 | Creekrun Business Park | Industrial | Flex | 1986 | 108,895 | Sq. Ft. | 3,275,000 | 3,271,134 | |||
33 | So Cal Self Storage - Camarillo | Self Storage | Self Storage | 1996 | 45,902 | Sq. Ft. | 142 | 6,500,000 | 6,500,000 | ||
34 | South Main Shopping Center | Retail | Unanchored | 2006 | 17,233 | Sq. Ft. | 366 | 6,300,000 | 6,300,000 | ||
35 | Publix Self Storage | Self Storage | Self Storage | 2001 | 92,970 | Sq. Ft. | 64 | 6,000,000 | 5,984,302 | ||
36 | SPS Frederick | Self Storage | Self Storage | 2000 | 64,818 | Sq. Ft. | 78 | 5,100,000 | 5,081,563 | ||
37 | Shopko - Redding | Retail | Single Tenant | 1989 | 2004 | 94,078 | Sq. Ft. | 53 | 5,000,000 | 4,967,328 | |
38 | West Crossing Shopping Center | Retail | Unanchored | 2015 | 13,335 | Sq. Ft. | 337 | 4,500,000 | 4,500,000 | ||
39 | Passaic Self Storage | Self Storage | Self Storage | 1980 | 2001 | 61,282 | Sq. Ft. | 62 | 3,800,000 | 3,791,577 | |
40 | NC Storage Center Portfolio | Self Storage | Self Storage | Various | Various | 75,200 | Sq. Ft. | 38 | 2,887,500 | 2,884,226 | |
40.01 | Highway 70 Storage Center | Self Storage | Self Storage | 1983 | 2007 | 41,880 | Sq. Ft. | 1,482,963 | 1,481,281 | ||
40.02 | North Cannon Storage Center | Self Storage | Self Storage | 1987 | 33,320 | Sq. Ft. | 1,404,537 | 1,402,944 |
A-1-2 |
ANNEX A-1 — CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MORTGAGE LOANS AND MORTGAGED PROPERTIES
Mortgage Loan Number | Property Name | % of Initial Pool Balance | Maturity Date or ARD Balloon Payment ($)(4) | ARD Loan | Origination Date | First Pay Date | Last IO Pay Date | First P&I Pay Date | Maturity Date or Anticipated Repayment Date | ARD Loan Maturity Date | Gross Mortgage Rate | Operating Advisor Ongoing Fee Rate | Certificate Administrator Fee Rate |
1 | The Shops at Crystals | 9.2% | 80,000,000 | N | 6/9/2016 | 8/1/2016 | 7/1/2026 | 7/1/2026 | 3.74400000% | 0.00000000% | 0.00750000% | ||
2 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ | 9.2% | 80,000,000 | Y | 7/15/2016 | 9/6/2016 | 8/6/2026 | 8/6/2026 | 11/6/2028 | 2.79817647% | 0.00270000% | 0.00750000% | |
3 | One Stamford Forum | 8.2% | 53,264,274 | N | 6/28/2016 | 8/1/2016 | 8/1/2016 | 7/1/2026 | 4.90000000% | 0.00280000% | 0.00750000% | ||
4 | Renaissance Dallas | 6.9% | 54,816,455 | N | 6/1/2016 | 7/11/2016 | 6/11/2021 | 7/11/2021 | 6/11/2026 | 4.40000000% | 0.00180000% | 0.00750000% | |
5 | Pinnacle II | 4.6% | 40,000,000 | N | 6/7/2016 | 7/11/2016 | 6/11/2026 | 6/11/2026 | 4.30000000% | 0.00370000% | 0.00750000% | ||
6 | Brewers Hill | 4.6% | 34,854,432 | N | 7/7/2016 | 8/11/2016 | 7/11/2019 | 8/11/2019 | 7/11/2026 | 4.30000000% | 0.00180000% | 0.00750000% | |
7 | Simon Premium Outlets | 4.3% | 29,966,619 | N | 6/1/2016 | 7/1/2016 | 7/1/2016 | 6/1/2026 | 4.16800000% | 0.00380000% | 0.00750000% | ||
7.01 | Lee Premium Outlets | 2.2% | |||||||||||
7.02 | Gaffney Premium Outlets | 1.3% | |||||||||||
7.03 | Calhoun Premium Outlets | 0.8% | |||||||||||
8 | One Penn Center | 4.0% | 30,917,876 | N | 7/19/2016 | 9/11/2016 | 8/11/2019 | 9/11/2019 | 8/11/2026 | 4.90000000% | 0.00390000% | 0.00750000% | |
9 | Hilton Long Island Huntington | 4.0% | 29,893,239 | N | 7/20/2016 | 9/1/2016 | 8/1/2018 | 9/1/2018 | 8/1/2026 | 4.50000000% | 0.00180000% | 0.00750000% | |
10 | Aurora Office Building | 3.7% | 27,524,960 | N | 7/8/2016 | 9/1/2016 | 8/1/2018 | 9/1/2018 | 8/1/2026 | 4.08000000% | 0.00180000% | 0.00750000% | |
11 | 633 Third Avenue - Retail Condo | 3.7% | 32,000,000 | N | 6/30/2016 | 8/11/2016 | 7/11/2026 | 7/11/2026 | 4.40000000% | 0.00180000% | 0.00750000% | ||
12 | Riverside University Village | 3.3% | 21,838,869 | N | 2/23/2016 | 4/1/2016 | 4/1/2016 | 3/1/2026 | 4.96000000% | 0.00180000% | 0.00750000% | ||
13 | FedEx - Atlanta, GA | 1.6% | 14,200,000 | N | 5/19/2016 | 7/1/2016 | 6/1/2026 | 6/1/2026 | 4.24600000% | 0.00710000% | 0.00750000% | ||
14 | FedEx - West Palm Beach, FL | 1.4% | 11,837,500 | N | 5/19/2016 | 7/1/2016 | 6/1/2026 | 6/1/2026 | 4.24600000% | 0.00810000% | 0.00750000% | ||
15 | FedEx - Fife, WA | 2.3% | 20,125,000 | N | 5/4/2016 | 7/1/2016 | 6/1/2026 | 6/1/2026 | 4.23600000% | 0.00550000% | 0.00750000% | ||
16 | 420 East Third Street | 2.2% | 15,151,532 | N | 7/8/2016 | 9/1/2016 | 9/1/2016 | 8/1/2026 | 4.11000000% | 0.00180000% | 0.00750000% | ||
17 | Courtyard Marriott - Baldwin Park | 2.2% | 15,620,749 | N | 6/10/2016 | 8/1/2016 | 8/1/2016 | 7/1/2026 | 5.00000000% | 0.00180000% | 0.00750000% | ||
18 | Homewood Suites Del Mar | 2.2% | 15,421,153 | N | 4/27/2016 | 6/11/2016 | 6/11/2016 | 5/11/2026 | 4.93000000% | 0.00180000% | 0.00750000% | ||
19 | Corporate Center at Kierland | 1.8% | 13,934,500 | N | 6/17/2016 | 8/1/2016 | 7/1/2019 | 8/1/2019 | 7/1/2026 | 4.74000000% | 0.00180000% | 0.00750000% | |
20 | La Crosse Industrial | 1.8% | 12,029,878 | N | 9/1/2015 | 10/1/2015 | 10/1/2015 | 9/1/2025 | 4.98000000% | 0.00180000% | 0.00750000% | ||
21 | Southland Terrace Shopping Center | 1.6% | 11,278,905 | N | 7/12/2016 | 9/11/2016 | 9/11/2016 | 8/11/2026 | 4.40000000% | 0.00180000% | 0.00750000% | ||
22 | Nassau Bay Town Square | 1.5% | 10,896,617 | N | 6/23/2016 | 8/11/2016 | 7/11/2018 | 8/11/2018 | 7/11/2026 | 4.15000000% | 0.00180000% | 0.00750000% | |
23 | U-Stor-It Lisle | 1.4% | 10,046,928 | N | 5/19/2016 | 7/1/2016 | 7/1/2016 | 6/1/2026 | 4.68400000% | 0.00180000% | 0.00750000% | ||
24 | So Cal Self Storage - Northridge | 1.3% | 11,500,000 | N | 5/5/2016 | 6/11/2016 | 5/11/2026 | 5/11/2026 | 4.49900000% | 0.00180000% | 0.00750000% | ||
25 | FedEx Ground - South Bend, IN | 1.3% | 11,500,000 | N | 4/15/2016 | 6/1/2016 | 5/1/2026 | 5/1/2026 | 5.10000000% | 0.00180000% | 0.00750000% | ||
26 | Westland Colonial Village Apartments | 1.3% | 8,799,296 | N | 6/21/2016 | 8/1/2016 | 8/1/2016 | 7/1/2026 | 3.70000000% | 0.00180000% | 0.00750000% | ||
27 | Dallas MHC Portfolio | 1.1% | 8,686,910 | N | 6/29/2016 | 8/1/2016 | 7/1/2019 | 8/1/2019 | 7/1/2026 | 4.60000000% | 0.00180000% | 0.00750000% | |
27.01 | Forest Acres MHC and RV Park | 0.5% | |||||||||||
27.02 | Woodshire MHC | 0.4% | |||||||||||
27.03 | Cobblestone MHC | 0.2% | |||||||||||
28 | So Cal Self Storage - Rancho Santa Margarita | 1.1% | 9,500,000 | N | 5/5/2016 | 6/11/2016 | 5/11/2026 | 5/11/2026 | 4.49900000% | 0.00180000% | 0.00750000% | ||
29 | FedEx - Boulder, CO | 1.1% | 9,225,000 | N | 5/13/2016 | 7/1/2016 | 6/1/2026 | 6/1/2026 | 4.24600000% | 0.00990000% | 0.00750000% | ||
30 | Brewster Business Park | 1.0% | 6,912,001 | N | 7/1/2016 | 8/1/2016 | 8/1/2016 | 7/1/2026 | 4.67000000% | 0.00180000% | 0.00750000% | ||
31 | Bonanza Square | 0.8% | 5,270,988 | N | 7/1/2016 | 8/11/2016 | 8/11/2016 | 7/11/2026 | 4.15000000% | 0.00180000% | 0.00750000% | ||
32 | Lakeview and Creek Run Business Park | 0.8% | 5,303,346 | N | 6/30/2016 | 8/1/2016 | 8/1/2016 | 7/1/2026 | 4.54300000% | 0.00180000% | 0.00750000% | ||
32.01 | Lakeview Commerce Center | 0.4% | |||||||||||
32.02 | Creekrun Business Park | 0.4% | |||||||||||
33 | So Cal Self Storage - Camarillo | 0.7% | 6,500,000 | N | 5/31/2016 | 7/11/2016 | 6/11/2026 | 6/11/2026 | 4.25000000% | 0.00180000% | 0.00750000% | ||
34 | South Main Shopping Center | 0.7% | 4,942,924 | N | 6/29/2016 | 8/1/2016 | 7/1/2019 | 8/1/2019 | 7/1/2031 | 5.32000000% | 0.00180000% | 0.00750000% | |
35 | Publix Self Storage | 0.7% | 4,817,052 | N | 5/23/2016 | 7/11/2016 | 7/11/2016 | 6/11/2026 | 4.30000000% | 0.00180000% | 0.00750000% | ||
36 | SPS Frederick | 0.6% | 4,141,654 | N | 5/10/2016 | 6/11/2016 | 6/11/2016 | 5/11/2026 | 4.63000000% | 0.00180000% | 0.00750000% | ||
37 | Shopko - Redding | 0.6% | 23,464 | N | 6/23/2016 | 8/11/2016 | 8/11/2016 | 7/11/2026 | 4.38000000% | 0.00180000% | 0.00750000% | ||
38 | West Crossing Shopping Center | 0.5% | 3,874,111 | N | 6/3/2016 | 8/1/2016 | 7/1/2018 | 8/1/2018 | 7/1/2026 | 4.80000000% | 0.00180000% | 0.00750000% | |
39 | Passaic Self Storage | 0.4% | 3,135,441 | N | 5/9/2016 | 7/1/2016 | 7/1/2016 | 6/1/2026 | 5.11300000% | 0.00180000% | 0.00750000% | ||
40 | NC Storage Center Portfolio | 0.3% | 2,352,008 | N | 6/15/2016 | 8/1/2016 | 8/1/2016 | 7/1/2026 | 4.72000000% | 0.00180000% | 0.00750000% | ||
40.01 | Highway 70 Storage Center | 0.2% | |||||||||||
40.02 | North Cannon Storage Center | 0.2% |
A-1-3 |
ANNEX A-1 — CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MORTGAGE LOANS AND MORTGAGED PROPERTIES
Mortgage Loan Number | Property Name | Servicing Fee | CREFC® IP Royalty License Fee Rate | Asset Representations Reviewer Fee Rate | Net Mortgage Rate | Interest Accrual Method | Monthly P&I Payment ($) | Amortization Type | Interest Accrual Method During IO | Original Term to Maturity or ARD (Mos.) |
1 | The Shops at Crystals | 0.00500000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 3.73066000% | Actual/360 | 253,066.67 | Interest-only, Balloon | Actual/360 | 120 |
2 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ | 0.00500000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 2.78213647% | Actual/360 | 189,136.00 | Interest-only, ARD | Actual/360 | 120 |
3 | One Stamford Forum | 0.00500000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 4.88386000% | Actual/360 | 413,826.71 | Amortizing Balloon | 120 | |
4 | Renaissance Dallas | 0.02250000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 4.36736000% | Actual/360 | 300,456.55 | Interest-only, Amortizing Balloon | Actual/360 | 120 |
5 | Pinnacle II | 0.00500000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 4.28296000% | Actual/360 | 145,324.07 | Interest-only, Balloon | Actual/360 | 120 |
6 | Brewers Hill | 0.02250000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 4.26736000% | Actual/360 | 197,948.58 | Interest-only, Amortizing Balloon | Actual/360 | 120 |
7 | Simon Premium Outlets | 0.00500000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 4.15086000% | Actual/360 | 182,681.73 | Amortizing Balloon | 120 | |
7.01 | Lee Premium Outlets | |||||||||
7.02 | Gaffney Premium Outlets | |||||||||
7.03 | Calhoun Premium Outlets | |||||||||
8 | One Penn Center | 0.00500000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 4.88276000% | Actual/360 | 185,754.35 | Interest-only, Amortizing Balloon | Actual/360 | 120 |
9 | Hilton Long Island Huntington | 0.00500000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 4.48486000% | Actual/360 | 177,339.86 | Interest-only, Amortizing Balloon | Actual/360 | 120 |
10 | Aurora Office Building | 0.00500000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 4.06486000% | Actual/360 | 157,144.68 | Interest-only, Amortizing Balloon | Actual/360 | 120 |
11 | 633 Third Avenue - Retail Condo | 0.00500000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 4.38486000% | Actual/360 | 118,962.96 | Interest-only, Balloon | Actual/360 | 120 |
12 | Riverside University Village | 0.00500000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 4.94486000% | Actual/360 | 170,311.61 | Amortizing Balloon | 120 | |
13 | FedEx - Atlanta, GA | 0.00500000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 4.22556000% | Actual/360 | 50,942.17 | Interest-only, Balloon | Actual/360 | 120 |
14 | FedEx - West Palm Beach, FL | 0.00500000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 4.22456000% | Actual/360 | 42,466.76 | Interest-only, Balloon | Actual/360 | 120 |
15 | FedEx - Fife, WA | 0.00500000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 4.21716000% | Actual/360 | 72,027.93 | Interest-only, Balloon | Actual/360 | 120 |
16 | 420 East Third Street | 0.00500000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 4.09486000% | Actual/360 | 91,917.94 | Amortizing Balloon | 120 | |
17 | Courtyard Marriott - Baldwin Park | 0.00500000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 4.98486000% | Actual/360 | 101,996.11 | Amortizing Balloon | 120 | |
18 | Homewood Suites Del Mar | 0.00500000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 4.91486000% | Actual/360 | 100,119.72 | Amortizing Balloon | 120 | |
19 | Corporate Center at Kierland | 0.00500000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 4.72486000% | Actual/360 | 82,481.38 | Interest-only, Amortizing Balloon | Actual/360 | 120 |
20 | La Crosse Industrial | 0.05250000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 4.91736000% | Actual/360 | 93,931.49 | Amortizing Balloon | 120 | |
21 | Southland Terrace Shopping Center | 0.00500000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 4.38486000% | Actual/360 | 70,106.53 | Amortizing Balloon | 120 | |
22 | Nassau Bay Town Square | 0.00500000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 4.13486000% | Actual/360 | 62,610.11 | Interest-only, Amortizing Balloon | Actual/360 | 120 |
23 | U-Stor-It Lisle | 0.00500000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 4.66886000% | Actual/360 | 63,933.06 | Amortizing Balloon | 120 | |
24 | So Cal Self Storage - Northridge | 0.00500000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 4.48386000% | Actual/360 | 43,714.24 | Interest-only, Balloon | Actual/360 | 120 |
25 | FedEx Ground - South Bend, IN | 0.00500000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 5.08486000% | Actual/360 | 49,553.82 | Interest-only, Balloon | Actual/360 | 120 |
26 | Westland Colonial Village Apartments | 0.00500000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 3.68486000% | Actual/360 | 51,551.69 | Amortizing Balloon | 120 | |
27 | Dallas MHC Portfolio | 0.00500000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 4.58486000% | Actual/360 | 50,751.79 | Interest-only, Amortizing Balloon | Actual/360 | 120 |
27.01 | Forest Acres MHC and RV Park | |||||||||
27.02 | Woodshire MHC | |||||||||
27.03 | Cobblestone MHC | |||||||||
28 | So Cal Self Storage - Rancho Santa Margarita | 0.00500000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 4.48386000% | Actual/360 | 36,111.77 | Interest-only, Balloon | Actual/360 | 120 |
29 | FedEx - Boulder, CO | 0.00500000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 4.22276000% | Actual/360 | 33,094.47 | Interest-only, Balloon | Actual/360 | 120 |
30 | Brewster Business Park | 0.00500000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 4.65486000% | Actual/360 | 43,931.08 | Amortizing Balloon | 120 | |
31 | Bonanza Square | 0.06250000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 4.07736000% | Actual/360 | 32,082.82 | Amortizing Balloon | 120 | |
32 | Lakeview and Creek Run Business Park | 0.00500000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 4.52786000% | Actual/360 | 33,355.45 | Amortizing Balloon | 120 | |
32.01 | Lakeview Commerce Center | |||||||||
32.02 | Creekrun Business Park | |||||||||
33 | So Cal Self Storage - Camarillo | 0.00500000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 4.23486000% | Actual/360 | 23,340.57 | Interest-only, Balloon | Actual/360 | 120 |
34 | South Main Shopping Center | 0.04500000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 5.26486000% | Actual/360 | 35,062.48 | Interest-only, Amortizing Balloon | Actual/360 | 180 |
35 | Publix Self Storage | 0.00500000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 4.28486000% | Actual/360 | 29,692.29 | Amortizing Balloon | 120 | |
36 | SPS Frederick | 0.00500000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 4.61486000% | Actual/360 | 26,236.38 | Amortizing Balloon | 120 | |
37 | Shopko - Redding | 0.00500000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 4.36486000% | Actual/360 | 51,530.47 | Fully Amortizing | 120 | |
38 | West Crossing Shopping Center | 0.07250000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 4.71736000% | Actual/360 | 23,609.94 | Interest-only, Amortizing Balloon | Actual/360 | 120 |
39 | Passaic Self Storage | 0.00500000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 5.09786000% | Actual/360 | 20,662.46 | Amortizing Balloon | 120 | |
40 | NC Storage Center Portfolio | 0.00500000% | 0.00050000% | 0.00034000% | 4.70486000% | Actual/360 | 15,010.40 | Amortizing Balloon | 120 | |
40.01 | Highway 70 Storage Center | |||||||||
40.02 | North Cannon Storage Center |
A-1-4 |
ANNEX A-1 — CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MORTGAGE LOANS AND MORTGAGED PROPERTIES
Mortgage Loan Number | Property Name | Remaining Term to Maturity or ARD (Mos.) | Original IO Period (Mos.) | Remaining IO Period (Mos.) | Original Amort Term (Mos.) | Remaining Amort Term (Mos.) | Seasoning | Prepayment Provisions(6) | Grace Period Default (Days) |
1 | The Shops at Crystals | 119 | 120 | 119 | 0 | 0 | 1 | L(25),D(88),O(7) | 0 |
2 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ | 120 | 120 | 120 | 0 | 0 | 0 | L(24),GRTR 0.5% or YM or D(89),O(7) | 0 |
3 | One Stamford Forum | 119 | 0 | 0 | 300 | 299 | 1 | L(25),GRTR 1% or YM or D(88),O(7) | 2, not more than two times during the term of the loan |
4 | Renaissance Dallas | 118 | 60 | 58 | 360 | 360 | 2 | L(26),D(90),O(4) | 0 |
5 | Pinnacle II | 118 | 120 | 118 | 0 | 0 | 2 | L(36),GRTR 1% or YM(80),O(4) | 0 |
6 | Brewers Hill | 119 | 36 | 35 | 360 | 360 | 1 | L(25),D(91),O(4) | 0 |
7 | Simon Premium Outlets | 118 | 0 | 0 | 360 | 358 | 2 | L(26),D(87),O(7) | 4 |
7.01 | Lee Premium Outlets | ||||||||
7.02 | Gaffney Premium Outlets | ||||||||
7.03 | Calhoun Premium Outlets | ||||||||
8 | One Penn Center | 120 | 36 | 36 | 360 | 360 | 0 | L(24),D(91),O(5) | 0 |
9 | Hilton Long Island Huntington | 120 | 24 | 24 | 360 | 360 | 0 | L(24),D(89),O(7) | 5 |
10 | Aurora Office Building | 120 | 24 | 24 | 360 | 360 | 0 | L(24),D(92),O(4) | 5 |
11 | 633 Third Avenue - Retail Condo | 119 | 120 | 119 | 0 | 0 | 1 | L(36),GRTR 1% or YM(80),O(4) | 0 |
12 | Riverside University Village | 115 | 0 | 0 | 300 | 295 | 5 | L(29),D(87),O(4) | 0 |
13 | FedEx - Atlanta, GA | 118 | 120 | 118 | 0 | 0 | 2 | L(26),D(90),O(4) | 5 days, twice throughout the loan term |
14 | FedEx - West Palm Beach, FL | 118 | 120 | 118 | 0 | 0 | 2 | L(26),D(90),O(4) | 5 days, twice throughout the loan term |
15 | FedEx - Fife, WA | 118 | 120 | 118 | 0 | 0 | 2 | L(26),D(90),O(4) | 5 days, twice throughout the loan term |
16 | 420 East Third Street | 120 | 0 | 0 | 360 | 360 | 0 | L(24),D(89),O(7) | 5 |
17 | Courtyard Marriott - Baldwin Park | 119 | 0 | 0 | 360 | 359 | 1 | L(25),D(91),O(4) | 5 |
18 | Homewood Suites Del Mar | 117 | 0 | 0 | 360 | 357 | 3 | L(36),GRTR 1% or YM(80),O(4) | 0 |
19 | Corporate Center at Kierland | 119 | 36 | 35 | 360 | 360 | 1 | L(25),D(91),O(4) | 4 |
20 | La Crosse Industrial | 109 | 0 | 0 | 300 | 289 | 11 | L(35),D(81),O(4) | 4 |
21 | Southland Terrace Shopping Center | 120 | 0 | 0 | 360 | 360 | 0 | L(36),GRTR 1% or YM(80),O(4) | 0 |
22 | Nassau Bay Town Square | 119 | 24 | 23 | 360 | 360 | 1 | L(25),D(91),O(4) | 0 |
23 | U-Stor-It Lisle | 118 | 0 | 0 | 360 | 358 | 2 | L(26),D(90),O(4) | 4 |
24 | So Cal Self Storage - Northridge | 117 | 120 | 117 | 0 | 0 | 3 | L(36),GRTR 1% or YM(80),O(4) | 0 |
25 | FedEx Ground - South Bend, IN | 117 | 120 | 117 | 0 | 0 | 3 | L(27),D(86),O(7) | 5 |
26 | Westland Colonial Village Apartments | 119 | 0 | 0 | 360 | 359 | 1 | L(25),D(91),O(4) | 5 |
27 | Dallas MHC Portfolio | 119 | 36 | 35 | 360 | 360 | 1 | L(25),D(88),O(7) | 4 |
27.01 | Forest Acres MHC and RV Park | ||||||||
27.02 | Woodshire MHC | ||||||||
27.03 | Cobblestone MHC | ||||||||
28 | So Cal Self Storage - Rancho Santa Margarita | 117 | 120 | 117 | 0 | 0 | 3 | L(36),GRTR 1% or YM(80),O(4) | 0 |
29 | FedEx - Boulder, CO | 118 | 120 | 118 | 0 | 0 | 2 | L(26),D(90),O(4) | 5 days, twice throughout the loan term |
30 | Brewster Business Park | 119 | 0 | 0 | 360 | 359 | 1 | L(25),GRTR 1% or YM or D(91),O(4) | 0 |
31 | Bonanza Square | 119 | 0 | 0 | 360 | 359 | 1 | L(25),GRTR 1% or YM(91),O(4) | 0 |
32 | Lakeview and Creek Run Business Park | 119 | 0 | 0 | 360 | 359 | 1 | L(25),D(91),O(4) | 4 |
32.01 | Lakeview Commerce Center | ||||||||
32.02 | Creekrun Business Park | ||||||||
33 | So Cal Self Storage - Camarillo | 118 | 120 | 118 | 0 | 0 | 2 | L(36),GRTR 1% or YM(80),O(4) | 0 |
34 | South Main Shopping Center | 179 | 36 | 35 | 360 | 360 | 1 | L(23),GRTR 1% or YM(96),O(61) | 5 |
35 | Publix Self Storage | 118 | 0 | 0 | 360 | 358 | 2 | L(36),GRTR 1% or YM(80),O(4) | 0 |
36 | SPS Frederick | 117 | 0 | 0 | 360 | 357 | 3 | L(27),GRTR 1% or YM or D(89),O(4) | 0 |
37 | Shopko - Redding | 119 | 0 | 0 | 120 | 119 | 1 | L(25),D(91),O(4) | 0 |
38 | West Crossing Shopping Center | 119 | 24 | 23 | 360 | 360 | 1 | L(25),D(91),O(4) | 5 |
39 | Passaic Self Storage | 118 | 0 | 0 | 360 | 358 | 2 | L(26),D(90),O(4) | 4 |
40 | NC Storage Center Portfolio | 119 | 0 | 0 | 360 | 359 | 1 | L(25),D(91),O(4) | 4 |
40.01 | Highway 70 Storage Center | ||||||||
40.02 | North Cannon Storage Center |
A-1-5 |
ANNEX A-1 — CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MORTGAGE LOANS AND MORTGAGED PROPERTIES
Mortgage Loan Number | Property Name | Grace Period Late (Days) | Appraised Value ($) | Appraisal Date | Coop -Rental Value | Coop - LTV as Rental | Coop - Unsold Percent | Coop - Sponsor Units | Coop - Investor Units | Coop - Units | Coop - Sponsor Carry | Coop - Committed Secondary Debt | U/W NOI DSCR (x)(4)(2) |
1 | The Shops at Crystals | 0 | 1,100,000,000 | 4/26/2016 | 3.41 | ||||||||
2 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ | 0 | 1,198,000,000 | 6/3/2016 | 6.31 | ||||||||
3 | One Stamford Forum | 2 | 227,000,000 | 5/2/2016 | 1.73 | ||||||||
4 | Renaissance Dallas | 5 | 118,800,000 | 3/17/2016 | 2.64 | ||||||||
5 | Pinnacle II | 0 | 142,000,000 | 5/5/2016 | 2.11 | ||||||||
6 | Brewers Hill | 0 | 58,000,000 | 5/26/2016 | 1.64 | ||||||||
7 | Simon Premium Outlets | 0 | 223,700,000 | Various | 2.78 | ||||||||
7.01 | Lee Premium Outlets | 115,000,000 | 4/14/2016 | ||||||||||
7.02 | Gaffney Premium Outlets | 67,200,000 | 4/12/2016 | ||||||||||
7.03 | Calhoun Premium Outlets | 41,500,000 | 4/1/2016 | ||||||||||
8 | One Penn Center | 0 | 91,000,000 | 5/31/2016 | 1.45 | ||||||||
9 | Hilton Long Island Huntington | 0 | 52,300,000 | 5/11/2016 | 2.47 | ||||||||
10 | Aurora Office Building | 0 | 48,400,000 | 6/6/2016 | 1.95 | ||||||||
11 | 633 Third Avenue - Retail Condo | 0 | 50,000,000 | 5/23/2016 | 1.62 | ||||||||
12 | Riverside University Village | 0 | 47,600,000 | 12/9/2015 | 1.44 | ||||||||
13 | FedEx - Atlanta, GA | 5 | 51,750,000 | 4/25/2016 | 2.49 | ||||||||
14 | FedEx - West Palm Beach, FL | 5 | 44,100,000 | 4/21/2016 | 2.49 | ||||||||
15 | FedEx - Fife, WA | 5 | 74,000,000 | 11/20/2015 | 2.51 | ||||||||
16 | 420 East Third Street | 5 | 35,000,000 | 5/25/2016 | 2.07 | ||||||||
17 | Courtyard Marriott - Baldwin Park | 0 | 29,000,000 | 4/14/2016 | 2.07 | ||||||||
18 | Homewood Suites Del Mar | 0 | 27,100,000 | 3/18/2016 | 1.99 | ||||||||
19 | Corporate Center at Kierland | 5 | 24,800,000 | 5/23/2016 | 1.50 | ||||||||
20 | La Crosse Industrial | 5 | 24,800,000 | 6/9/2016 | 1.65 | ||||||||
21 | Southland Terrace Shopping Center | 0 | 22,500,000 | 4/6/2016 | 1.99 | ||||||||
22 | Nassau Bay Town Square | 5 | 18,380,000 | 5/18/2016 | 1.52 | ||||||||
23 | U-Stor-It Lisle | 5 | 17,350,000 | 4/28/2016 | 1.40 | ||||||||
24 | So Cal Self Storage - Northridge | 0 | 21,400,000 | 3/20/2016 | 2.07 | ||||||||
25 | FedEx Ground - South Bend, IN | 5 | 17,000,000 | 11/24/2015 | 1.64 | ||||||||
26 | Westland Colonial Village Apartments | 5 | 16,600,000 | 4/19/2016 | 1.92 | ||||||||
27 | Dallas MHC Portfolio | 5 | 13,415,000 | Various | 1.54 | ||||||||
27.01 | Forest Acres MHC and RV Park | 6,250,000 | 5/3/2016 | ||||||||||
27.02 | Woodshire MHC | 5,165,000 | 4/29/2016 | ||||||||||
27.03 | Cobblestone MHC | 2,000,000 | 4/29/2016 | ||||||||||
28 | So Cal Self Storage - Rancho Santa Margarita | 0 | 16,620,000 | 3/18/2016 | 2.11 | ||||||||
29 | FedEx - Boulder, CO | 5 | 34,500,000 | 4/25/2016 | 2.47 | ||||||||
30 | Brewster Business Park | 0 | 11,750,000 | 5/4/2016 | 1.60 | ||||||||
31 | Bonanza Square | 0 | 12,100,000 | 4/21/2016 | 2.49 | ||||||||
32 | Lakeview and Creek Run Business Park | 5 | 8,900,000 | 4/22/2016 | 2.38 | ||||||||
32.01 | Lakeview Commerce Center | 4,450,000 | 4/22/2016 | ||||||||||
32.02 | Creekrun Business Park | 4,450,000 | 4/22/2016 | ||||||||||
33 | So Cal Self Storage - Camarillo | 0 | 12,420,000 | 3/20/2016 | 2.38 | ||||||||
34 | South Main Shopping Center | 0 | 8,840,000 | 5/30/2016 | 1.34 | ||||||||
35 | Publix Self Storage | 0 | 13,870,000 | 4/22/2016 | 2.15 | ||||||||
36 | SPS Frederick | 0 | 9,525,000 | 3/25/2016 | 1.67 | ||||||||
37 | Shopko - Redding | 0 | 13,640,000 | 5/16/2016 | 1.45 | ||||||||
38 | West Crossing Shopping Center | 5 | 6,780,000 | 5/10/2016 | 1.45 | ||||||||
39 | Passaic Self Storage | 5 | 6,130,000 | 4/1/2016 | 1.84 | ||||||||
40 | NC Storage Center Portfolio | 5 | 4,050,000 | 5/17/2016 | 1.74 | ||||||||
40.01 | Highway 70 Storage Center | 2,080,000 | 5/17/2016 | ||||||||||
40.02 | North Cannon Storage Center | 1,970,000 | 5/17/2016 |
A-1-6 |
ANNEX A-1 — CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MORTGAGE LOANS AND MORTGAGED PROPERTIES
Mortgage Loan Number | Property Name | U/W NCF DSCR (x)(4)(2) | Cut-off Date LTV Ratio(4)(2) | LTV Ratio at Maturity or ARD(4)(2) | Cut-off Date U/W NOI Debt Yield(4)(2) | Cut-off Date U/W NCF Debt Yield(4)(2) | U/W Revenues ($)(7)(8) | U/W Expenses ($) | U/W Net Operating Income ($) | U/W Replacement ($) | U/W TI/LC ($) | U/W Net Cash Flow ($) | Occupancy Rate |
1 | The Shops at Crystals | 3.28 | 34.8% | 34.8% | 12.9% | 12.4% | 64,805,737 | 15,337,868 | 49,467,869 | 41,972 | 1,815,657 | 47,610,240 | 87.6% |
2 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ | 6.28 | 35.5% | 35.5% | 17.9% | 17.8% | 93,423,532 | 17,361,124 | 76,062,408 | 283,431 | 0 | 75,778,977 | 99.9% |
3 | One Stamford Forum | 1.55 | 48.4% | 36.1% | 12.0% | 10.8% | 21,891,930 | 8,706,883 | 13,185,047 | 126,118 | 1,233,793 | 11,825,136 | 100.0% |
4 | Renaissance Dallas | 2.16 | 50.5% | 46.1% | 15.8% | 13.0% | 34,611,583 | 25,107,534 | 9,504,049 | 1,730,579 | 0 | 7,773,470 | 65.7% |
5 | Pinnacle II | 1.96 | 61.3% | 61.3% | 9.2% | 8.5% | 11,664,912 | 3,645,672 | 8,019,240 | 46,000 | 550,230 | 7,423,010 | 100.0% |
6 | Brewers Hill | 1.40 | 69.0% | 60.1% | 9.7% | 8.3% | 6,258,979 | 2,360,834 | 3,898,144 | 76,443 | 486,860 | 3,334,842 | 92.6% |
7 | Simon Premium Outlets | 2.55 | 46.8% | 37.5% | 16.3% | 15.0% | 24,497,300 | 7,416,196 | 17,081,104 | 211,429 | 1,194,140 | 15,675,535 | 93.7% |
7.01 | Lee Premium Outlets | 10,562,640 | 3,232,812 | 7,329,828 | 71,944 | 474,057 | 6,783,827 | 97.8% | |||||
7.02 | Gaffney Premium Outlets | 8,585,481 | 2,831,998 | 5,753,483 | 75,969 | 429,486 | 5,248,028 | 90.5% | |||||
7.03 | Calhoun Premium Outlets | 5,349,179 | 1,351,386 | 3,997,793 | 63,516 | 290,597 | 3,643,680 | 93.9% | |||||
8 | One Penn Center | 1.26 | 74.7% | 66.0% | 9.2% | 8.0% | 12,747,817 | 6,458,819 | 6,288,997 | 172,492 | 678,757 | 5,437,749 | 78.3% |
9 | Hilton Long Island Huntington | 2.08 | 66.9% | 57.2% | 15.0% | 12.7% | 20,787,543 | 15,525,844 | 5,261,699 | 824,991 | 0 | 4,436,708 | 78.5% |
10 | Aurora Office Building | 1.80 | 67.4% | 56.9% | 11.3% | 10.4% | 3,730,158 | 55,952 | 3,674,206 | 36,706 | 245,929 | 3,391,571 | 100.0% |
11 | 633 Third Avenue - Retail Condo | 1.56 | 64.0% | 64.0% | 7.2% | 7.0% | 3,367,528 | 1,052,351 | 2,315,177 | 8,094 | 76,790 | 2,230,294 | 100.0% |
12 | Riverside University Village | 1.34 | 61.0% | 45.9% | 10.2% | 9.4% | 4,813,094 | 1,864,575 | 2,948,519 | 48,784 | 165,660 | 2,734,075 | 93.6% |
13 | FedEx - Atlanta, GA | 2.40 | 54.3% | 54.3% | 10.7% | 10.3% | 3,396,814 | 347,584 | 3,049,230 | 31,149 | 85,069 | 2,933,012 | 100.0% |
14 | FedEx - West Palm Beach, FL | 2.40 | 54.3% | 54.3% | 10.7% | 10.3% | 3,229,545 | 703,383 | 2,526,162 | 22,520 | 66,267 | 2,437,375 | 100.0% |
15 | FedEx - Fife, WA | 2.43 | 54.4% | 54.4% | 10.8% | 10.4% | 4,945,466 | 607,463 | 4,338,003 | 31,293 | 103,506 | 4,203,204 | 100.0% |
16 | 420 East Third Street | 1.96 | 54.3% | 43.3% | 12.0% | 11.4% | 3,878,665 | 1,597,799 | 2,280,865 | 23,396 | 97,404 | 2,160,065 | 79.5% |
17 | Courtyard Marriott - Baldwin Park | 1.83 | 65.4% | 53.9% | 13.3% | 11.8% | 7,394,776 | 4,861,507 | 2,533,269 | 295,791 | 0 | 2,237,478 | 70.0% |
18 | Homewood Suites Del Mar | 1.78 | 69.1% | 56.9% | 12.7% | 11.4% | 6,150,245 | 3,764,715 | 2,385,530 | 246,010 | 0 | 2,139,520 | 87.9% |
19 | Corporate Center at Kierland | 1.33 | 63.8% | 56.2% | 9.4% | 8.3% | 2,407,679 | 924,877 | 1,482,802 | 50,190 | 121,025 | 1,311,587 | 89.8% |
20 | La Crosse Industrial | 1.40 | 63.7% | 48.5% | 11.8% | 10.0% | 2,770,210 | 908,911 | 1,861,299 | 92,127 | 191,931 | 1,577,241 | 98.3% |
21 | Southland Terrace Shopping Center | 1.74 | 62.2% | 50.1% | 12.0% | 10.5% | 2,265,592 | 589,620 | 1,675,971 | 44,047 | 166,973 | 1,464,951 | 73.4% |
22 | Nassau Bay Town Square | 1.41 | 70.1% | 59.3% | 8.9% | 8.2% | 1,805,583 | 661,897 | 1,143,687 | 10,051 | 72,223 | 1,061,413 | 100.0% |
23 | U-Stor-It Lisle | 1.38 | 71.0% | 57.9% | 8.7% | 8.6% | 1,522,104 | 447,029 | 1,075,075 | 13,706 | 0 | 1,061,369 | 87.6% |
24 | So Cal Self Storage - Northridge | 2.05 | 53.7% | 53.7% | 9.5% | 9.4% | 1,666,557 | 579,755 | 1,086,802 | 11,534 | 0 | 1,075,268 | 83.2% |
25 | FedEx Ground - South Bend, IN | 1.60 | 67.6% | 67.6% | 8.5% | 8.3% | 1,004,978 | 30,149 | 974,829 | 20,836 | 0 | 953,993 | 100.0% |
26 | Westland Colonial Village Apartments | 1.80 | 67.4% | 53.0% | 10.6% | 9.9% | 2,704,109 | 1,516,782 | 1,187,327 | 75,500 | 0 | 1,111,827 | 99.7% |
27 | Dallas MHC Portfolio | 1.52 | 73.8% | 64.8% | 9.5% | 9.3% | 1,647,531 | 707,201 | 940,330 | 14,800 | 0 | 925,530 | 96.3% |
27.01 | Forest Acres MHC and RV Park | 702,148 | 257,944 | 444,204 | 6,650 | 0 | 437,554 | 98.5% | |||||
27.02 | Woodshire MHC | 704,635 | 342,998 | 361,637 | 6,000 | 0 | 355,637 | 95.0% | |||||
27.03 | Cobblestone MHC | 240,748 | 106,259 | 134,489 | 2,150 | 0 | 132,339 | 93.0% | |||||
28 | So Cal Self Storage - Rancho Santa Margarita | 2.08 | 57.2% | 57.2% | 9.6% | 9.5% | 1,414,057 | 501,413 | 912,644 | 9,358 | 0 | 903,286 | 86.8% |
29 | FedEx - Boulder, CO | 2.37 | 53.5% | 53.5% | 10.6% | 10.2% | 2,664,406 | 701,933 | 1,962,473 | 21,103 | 56,436 | 1,884,934 | 100.0% |
30 | Brewster Business Park | 1.43 | 72.3% | 58.8% | 9.9% | 8.9% | 1,332,475 | 488,315 | 844,160 | 34,525 | 53,752 | 755,883 | 100.0% |
31 | Bonanza Square | 2.15 | 54.5% | 43.6% | 14.5% | 12.6% | 1,407,324 | 450,032 | 957,291 | 31,260 | 98,483 | 827,548 | 96.2% |
32 | Lakeview and Creek Run Business Park | 1.89 | 73.5% | 59.6% | 14.6% | 11.6% | 1,436,770 | 483,697 | 953,073 | 30,920 | 164,282 | 757,872 | 99.3% |
32.01 | Lakeview Commerce Center | 763,948 | 261,283 | 502,665 | 14,585 | 78,255 | 409,825 | 98.6% | |||||
32.02 | Creekrun Business Park | 672,822 | 222,414 | 450,408 | 16,335 | 86,027 | 348,047 | 100.0% | |||||
33 | So Cal Self Storage - Camarillo | 2.35 | 52.3% | 52.3% | 10.2% | 10.1% | 1,038,554 | 372,995 | 665,558 | 6,885 | 0 | 658,673 | 92.5% |
34 | South Main Shopping Center | 1.25 | 71.3% | 55.9% | 8.9% | 8.4% | 886,780 | 323,677 | 563,103 | 2,585 | 33,289 | 527,229 | 100.0% |
35 | Publix Self Storage | 2.12 | 43.1% | 34.7% | 12.8% | 12.6% | 1,328,216 | 562,603 | 765,612 | 10,631 | 0 | 754,981 | 88.3% |
36 | SPS Frederick | 1.64 | 53.3% | 43.5% | 10.3% | 10.1% | 896,741 | 372,116 | 524,625 | 9,723 | 0 | 514,902 | 82.7% |
37 | Shopko - Redding | 1.31 | 36.4% | 0.2% | 18.1% | 16.3% | 927,070 | 28,632 | 898,438 | 18,816 | 67,908 | 811,714 | 100.0% |
38 | West Crossing Shopping Center | 1.32 | 66.4% | 57.1% | 9.1% | 8.3% | 597,715 | 187,977 | 409,739 | 2,000 | 32,404 | 375,334 | 100.0% |
39 | Passaic Self Storage | 1.80 | 61.9% | 51.1% | 12.0% | 11.7% | 906,467 | 450,782 | 455,685 | 10,272 | 0 | 445,413 | 81.2% |
40 | NC Storage Center Portfolio | 1.67 | 71.2% | 58.1% | 10.9% | 10.4% | 526,717 | 212,981 | 313,736 | 12,838 | 0 | 300,898 | 94.8% |
40.01 | Highway 70 Storage Center | 259,017 | 100,129 | 158,888 | 7,184 | 0 | 151,704 | 92.0% | |||||
40.02 | North Cannon Storage Center | 267,700 | 112,852 | 154,848 | 5,654 | 0 | 149,194 | 98.4% |
A-1-7 |
ANNEX A-1 — CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MORTGAGE LOANS AND MORTGAGED PROPERTIES
Mortgage Loan Number | Property Name | Occupancy as-of Date | U/W Hotel ADR | U/W Hotel RevPAR | Most Recent Period | Most Recent Revenues ($) | Most Recent Expenses ($) | Most Recent NOI ($) | Most Recent Capital Expenditures | Most Recent NCF ($) | Most Recent Hotel ADR | Most Recent Hotel RevPAR | Second Most Recent Period | Second Most Recent Revenues ($) |
1 | The Shops at Crystals | 4/21/2016 | Actual 2015 | 65,203,201 | 18,826,390 | 46,376,811 | 0 | 46,376,811 | Actual 2014 | 62,646,345 | ||||
2 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ | 4/30/2016 | Actual 2015 | 88,180,123 | 17,255,195 | 70,924,928 | 0 | 70,924,928 | Actual 2014 | 54,061,350 | ||||
3 | One Stamford Forum | 5/31/2016 | TTM 3/31/2016 | 22,836,419 | 8,422,294 | 14,414,125 | 0 | 14,414,125 | Actual 2015 | 22,493,060 | ||||
4 | Renaissance Dallas | 5/30/2016 | 157 | 103 | TTM 5/30/2016 | 34,836,603 | 24,701,481 | 10,135,122 | 0 | 10,135,122 | 157 | 103 | Actual 2015 | 33,631,404 |
5 | Pinnacle II | 8/1/2016 | TTM 3/31/2016 | 11,236,073 | 3,663,478 | 7,572,595 | 0 | 7,572,595 | Actual 2015 | 11,436,631 | ||||
6 | Brewers Hill | 6/1/2016 | TTM 4/30/2016 | 6,115,566 | 2,275,287 | 3,840,279 | 0 | 3,840,279 | Actual 2015 | 5,815,496 | ||||
7 | Simon Premium Outlets | 5/19/2016 | TTM 3/31/2016 | 25,462,542 | 7,005,132 | 18,457,410 | 0 | 18,457,410 | Actual 2015 | 24,839,795 | ||||
7.01 | Lee Premium Outlets | 5/19/2016 | TTM 3/31/2016 | 11,094,527 | 2,966,058 | 8,128,469 | 0 | 8,128,469 | Actual 2015 | 10,978,548 | ||||
7.02 | Gaffney Premium Outlets | 5/19/2016 | TTM 3/31/2016 | 9,046,000 | 2,724,685 | 6,321,315 | 0 | 6,321,315 | Actual 2015 | 8,783,797 | ||||
7.03 | Calhoun Premium Outlets | 5/19/2016 | TTM 3/31/2016 | 5,322,015 | 1,314,389 | 4,007,626 | 0 | 4,007,626 | Actual 2015 | 5,077,450 | ||||
8 | One Penn Center | 6/1/2016 | TTM 4/30/2016 | 13,322,631 | 6,463,049 | 6,859,582 | 0 | 6,859,582 | Actual 2015 | 13,550,121 | ||||
9 | Hilton Long Island Huntington | 4/30/2016 | 152 | 119 | TTM 4/30/2016 | 20,583,030 | 15,238,106 | 5,344,924 | 823,217 | 4,521,707 | 152 | 119 | Actual 2015 | 20,453,871 |
10 | Aurora Office Building | 8/1/2016 | Actual 2015 | 3,716,004 | 41,296 | 3,674,709 | 0 | 3,674,709 | Actual 2014 | 3,649,620 | ||||
11 | 633 Third Avenue - Retail Condo | 6/29/2016 | TTM 4/30/2016 | 3,251,469 | 960,475 | 2,290,995 | 0 | 2,290,995 | Actual 2015 | 3,232,900 | ||||
12 | Riverside University Village | 7/1/2016 | Actual 2015 | 4,354,459 | 1,388,757 | 2,965,702 | 0 | 2,965,702 | Actual 2014 | 3,946,712 | ||||
13 | FedEx - Atlanta, GA | 8/1/2016 | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | ||||
14 | FedEx - West Palm Beach, FL | 8/1/2016 | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | ||||
15 | FedEx - Fife, WA | 8/1/2016 | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | ||||
16 | 420 East Third Street | 6/1/2016 | TTM 4/30/2016 | 3,410,514 | 1,643,094 | 1,767,420 | 2,257,491 | -490,071 | Actual 2015 | 3,340,857 | ||||
17 | Courtyard Marriott - Baldwin Park | 4/30/2016 | 118 | 82 | TTM 4/30/2016 | 7,956,904 | 4,728,658 | 3,228,246 | 230,708 | 2,997,538 | 118 | 82 | Actual 2015 | 7,492,593 |
18 | Homewood Suites Del Mar | 4/30/2016 | 171 | 136 | TTM 4/30/2016 | 6,287,882 | 3,837,039 | 2,450,843 | 0 | 2,450,843 | 158 | 139 | Actual 2015 | 6,133,873 |
19 | Corporate Center at Kierland | 5/20/2016 | TTM 4/30/2016 | 1,967,815 | 835,430 | 1,132,385 | 0 | 1,132,385 | Actual 2015 | 1,564,201 | ||||
20 | La Crosse Industrial | 5/10/2016 | TTM 3/31/2016 | 2,890,019 | 849,287 | 2,040,732 | 0 | 2,040,732 | Actual 2014 | 2,888,443 | ||||
21 | Southland Terrace Shopping Center | 3/31/2016 | TTM 3/31/2016 | 1,936,551 | 600,518 | 1,336,033 | 0 | 1,336,033 | Actual 2015 | 2,049,230 | ||||
22 | Nassau Bay Town Square | 5/1/2016 | TTM 4/30/2016 | 1,832,080 | 630,321 | 1,201,759 | 0 | 1,201,759 | Actual 2015 | 1,803,386 | ||||
23 | U-Stor-It Lisle | 6/30/2016 | TTM 6/30/2016 | 1,500,776 | 475,203 | 1,025,573 | 0 | 1,025,573 | Actual 2015 | 1,375,629 | ||||
24 | So Cal Self Storage - Northridge | 5/1/2016 | TTM 3/31/2016 | 1,666,557 | 524,087 | 1,142,470 | 0 | 1,142,470 | Actual 2015 | 1,629,000 | ||||
25 | FedEx Ground - South Bend, IN | 8/1/2016 | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | ||||
26 | Westland Colonial Village Apartments | 5/31/2016 | TTM 5/31/2016 | 2,702,703 | 1,473,690 | 1,229,013 | 76,000 | 1,153,013 | Actual 2015 | 2,652,149 | ||||
27 | Dallas MHC Portfolio | 4/30/2016 | TTM 3/31/2016 | 1,590,947 | 677,133 | 913,814 | 0 | 913,814 | Actual 2015 | 1,548,263 | ||||
27.01 | Forest Acres MHC and RV Park | 4/30/2016 | TTM 3/31/2016 | 663,509 | 248,048 | 415,461 | 0 | 415,461 | Actual 2015 | 638,561 | ||||
27.02 | Woodshire MHC | 4/30/2016 | TTM 3/31/2016 | 696,609 | 328,454 | 368,155 | 0 | 368,155 | Actual 2015 | 685,264 | ||||
27.03 | Cobblestone MHC | 4/30/2016 | TTM 3/31/2016 | 230,829 | 100,631 | 130,198 | 0 | 130,198 | Actual 2015 | 224,438 | ||||
28 | So Cal Self Storage - Rancho Santa Margarita | 5/1/2016 | TTM 3/31/2016 | 1,414,057 | 478,061 | 935,997 | 0 | 935,997 | Actual 2015 | 1,389,237 | ||||
29 | FedEx - Boulder, CO | 8/1/2016 | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | ||||
30 | Brewster Business Park | 6/28/2016 | TTM 5/31/2016 | 1,170,397 | 426,165 | 744,232 | 0 | 744,232 | Actual 2015 | 1,186,266 | ||||
31 | Bonanza Square | 5/31/2016 | TTM 4/30/2016 | 1,342,597 | 428,121 | 914,476 | 0 | 914,476 | Actual 2015 | 1,336,293 | ||||
32 | Lakeview and Creek Run Business Park | 6/1/2016 | TTM 4/30/2016 | 1,469,570 | 415,460 | 1,054,110 | 0 | 1,054,110 | Actual 2015 | 1,387,543 | ||||
32.01 | Lakeview Commerce Center | 6/1/2016 | TTM 4/30/2016 | 719,920 | 217,023 | 502,897 | 0 | 502,897 | Actual 2015 | 662,227 | ||||
32.02 | Creekrun Business Park | 6/1/2016 | TTM 4/30/2016 | 749,650 | 198,437 | 551,213 | 0 | 551,213 | Actual 2015 | 725,316 | ||||
33 | So Cal Self Storage - Camarillo | 5/23/2016 | TTM 3/31/2016 | 1,038,554 | 323,552 | 715,002 | 0 | 715,002 | Actual 2015 | 1,013,351 | ||||
34 | South Main Shopping Center | 6/29/2016 | Actual 2015 | 851,223 | 259,688 | 591,535 | 0 | 591,535 | Actual 2014 | 841,845 | ||||
35 | Publix Self Storage | 2/29/2016 | TTM 3/31/2016 | 1,334,620 | 564,677 | 769,943 | 0 | 769,943 | Actual 2015 | 1,335,468 | ||||
36 | SPS Frederick | 3/10/2016 | TTM 3/31/2016 | 900,576 | 370,676 | 529,901 | 0 | 529,901 | Actual 2015 | 887,538 | ||||
37 | Shopko - Redding | 8/1/2016 | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | ||||
38 | West Crossing Shopping Center | 3/31/2016 | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | ||||
39 | Passaic Self Storage | 4/30/2016 | TTM 2/29/2016 | 923,085 | 473,412 | 449,673 | 0 | 449,673 | Actual 2014 | 907,614 | ||||
40 | NC Storage Center Portfolio | 4/30/2016 | TTM 4/30/2016 | 526,717 | 201,001 | 325,716 | 0 | 325,716 | Actual 2015 | 514,971 | ||||
40.01 | Highway 70 Storage Center | 4/30/2016 | TTM 4/30/2016 | 259,017 | 90,688 | 168,329 | 0 | 168,329 | Actual 2015 | 251,786 | ||||
40.02 | North Cannon Storage Center | 4/30/2016 | TTM 4/30/2016 | 267,700 | 110,313 | 157,387 | 0 | 157,387 | Actual 2015 | 263,185 |
A-1-8 |
ANNEX A-1 — CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MORTGAGE LOANS AND MORTGAGED PROPERTIES
Mortgage Loan Number | Property Name | Second Most Recent Expenses ($) | Second Most Recent NOI ($) | Second Most Recent Capital Expenditures | Second Most Recent NCF ($) | Second Most Recent Hotel ADR | Second Most Recent Hotel RevPAR | Third Most Recent Period | Third Most Recent Revenues ($) | Third Most Recent Expenses ($) | Third Most Recent NOI ($) | Third Most Recent Capital Expenditures |
1 | The Shops at Crystals | 19,004,031 | 43,642,314 | 0 | 43,642,314 | Actual 2013 | 58,100,295 | 18,045,943 | 40,054,352 | 0 | ||
2 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ | 10,133,318 | 43,928,033 | 0 | 43,928,033 | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | ||
3 | One Stamford Forum | 8,409,594 | 14,083,466 | 0 | 14,083,466 | Actual 2014 | 22,231,164 | 8,173,538 | 14,057,626 | 0 | ||
4 | Renaissance Dallas | 23,866,015 | 9,765,389 | 0 | 9,765,389 | 156 | 99 | Actual 2014 | 24,633,644 | 19,328,482 | 5,305,162 | 0 |
5 | Pinnacle II | 3,641,640 | 7,794,991 | 0 | 7,794,991 | Actual 2014 | 11,514,655 | 3,632,177 | 7,882,478 | 0 | ||
6 | Brewers Hill | 2,178,913 | 3,636,583 | 0 | 3,636,583 | Actual 2014 | 6,597,954 | 1,778,614 | 4,819,340 | 0 | ||
7 | Simon Premium Outlets | 6,976,569 | 17,863,226 | 0 | 17,863,226 | Actual 2014 | 24,527,648 | 7,147,919 | 17,379,729 | 0 | ||
7.01 | Lee Premium Outlets | 3,038,663 | 7,939,885 | 0 | 7,939,885 | Actual 2014 | 10,703,151 | 3,085,805 | 7,617,346 | 0 | ||
7.02 | Gaffney Premium Outlets | 2,651,399 | 6,132,398 | 0 | 6,132,398 | Actual 2014 | 8,853,837 | 2,770,460 | 6,083,377 | 0 | ||
7.03 | Calhoun Premium Outlets | 1,286,507 | 3,790,943 | 0 | 3,790,943 | Actual 2014 | 4,970,660 | 1,291,654 | 3,679,006 | 0 | ||
8 | One Penn Center | 6,326,742 | 7,223,379 | 0 | 7,223,379 | Actual 2014 | 13,574,507 | 6,691,359 | 6,883,148 | 0 | ||
9 | Hilton Long Island Huntington | 15,167,902 | 5,285,969 | 818,154 | 4,467,815 | 154 | 118 | Actual 2014 | 19,684,177 | 14,523,769 | 5,160,408 | 787,351 |
10 | Aurora Office Building | 38,498 | 3,611,122 | 0 | 3,611,122 | Actual 2013 | 3,579,358 | 33,452 | 3,545,905 | 0 | ||
11 | 633 Third Avenue - Retail Condo | 960,609 | 2,272,290 | 0 | 2,272,290 | Actual 2014 | 3,072,832 | 669,057 | 2,403,775 | 0 | ||
12 | Riverside University Village | 1,534,086 | 2,412,626 | 0 | 2,412,626 | Actual 2013 | 3,781,280 | 1,517,765 | 2,263,515 | 0 | ||
13 | FedEx - Atlanta, GA | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | ||
14 | FedEx - West Palm Beach, FL | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | ||
15 | FedEx - Fife, WA | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | ||
16 | 420 East Third Street | 1,552,082 | 1,788,775 | 1,305,769 | 483,007 | Actual 2014 | 2,953,281 | 1,445,713 | 1,507,568 | 859,816 | ||
17 | Courtyard Marriott - Baldwin Park | 4,550,531 | 2,942,062 | 206,460 | 2,735,602 | 116 | 76 | Actual 2014 | 7,092,776 | 4,333,279 | 2,759,497 | 206,460 |
18 | Homewood Suites Del Mar | 3,730,401 | 2,403,472 | 0 | 2,403,472 | 157 | 136 | Actual 2014 | 5,561,066 | 3,293,228 | 2,267,838 | 0 |
19 | Corporate Center at Kierland | 786,896 | 777,305 | 0 | 777,305 | Actual 2014 | 1,090,628 | 704,760 | 385,868 | 0 | ||
20 | La Crosse Industrial | 882,474 | 2,005,969 | 0 | 2,005,969 | Actual 2013 | 2,772,737 | 829,486 | 1,943,251 | 0 | ||
21 | Southland Terrace Shopping Center | 595,463 | 1,453,767 | 0 | 1,453,767 | Actual 2014 | 2,044,821 | 612,925 | 1,431,896 | 0 | ||
22 | Nassau Bay Town Square | 603,886 | 1,199,499 | 0 | 1,199,499 | Actual 2014 | 1,403,944 | 480,036 | 923,909 | 0 | ||
23 | U-Stor-It Lisle | 471,465 | 904,164 | 0 | 904,164 | Actual 2014 | 1,145,406 | 417,325 | 728,081 | 0 | ||
24 | So Cal Self Storage - Northridge | 529,595 | 1,099,406 | 0 | 1,099,406 | Actual 2014 | 1,459,435 | 530,805 | 928,630 | 0 | ||
25 | FedEx Ground - South Bend, IN | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | ||
26 | Westland Colonial Village Apartments | 1,441,077 | 1,211,072 | 0 | 1,211,072 | Actual 2014 | 2,612,180 | 1,556,346 | 1,055,834 | 0 | ||
27 | Dallas MHC Portfolio | 690,171 | 858,092 | 0 | 858,092 | Actual 2014 | 1,505,383 | 705,514 | 799,869 | 0 | ||
27.01 | Forest Acres MHC and RV Park | 250,688 | 387,873 | 0 | 387,873 | Actual 2014 | 607,529 | 252,510 | 355,019 | 0 | ||
27.02 | Woodshire MHC | 338,858 | 346,406 | 0 | 346,406 | Actual 2014 | 675,493 | 347,989 | 327,504 | 0 | ||
27.03 | Cobblestone MHC | 100,625 | 123,813 | 0 | 123,813 | Actual 2014 | 222,361 | 105,015 | 117,346 | 0 | ||
28 | So Cal Self Storage - Rancho Santa Margarita | 482,870 | 906,366 | 0 | 906,366 | Actual 2014 | 1,346,303 | 480,444 | 865,859 | 0 | ||
29 | FedEx - Boulder, CO | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | ||
30 | Brewster Business Park | 454,270 | 731,996 | 0 | 731,996 | Actual 2014 | 1,336,220 | 458,915 | 877,305 | 0 | ||
31 | Bonanza Square | 399,409 | 936,884 | 0 | 936,884 | Actual 2014 | 1,411,718 | 345,913 | 1,065,805 | 0 | ||
32 | Lakeview and Creek Run Business Park | 495,068 | 892,475 | 0 | 892,475 | Actual 2014 | 1,339,711 | 477,337 | 862,374 | 0 | ||
32.01 | Lakeview Commerce Center | 264,909 | 397,318 | 0 | 397,318 | Actual 2014 | 654,375 | 262,258 | 392,117 | 0 | ||
32.02 | Creekrun Business Park | 230,159 | 495,157 | 0 | 495,157 | Actual 2014 | 685,336 | 215,079 | 470,257 | 0 | ||
33 | So Cal Self Storage - Camarillo | 321,268 | 692,083 | 0 | 692,083 | Actual 2014 | 917,683 | 312,403 | 605,279 | 0 | ||
34 | South Main Shopping Center | 229,465 | 612,380 | 0 | 612,380 | Actual 2013 | 768,994 | 194,735 | 574,259 | 0 | ||
35 | Publix Self Storage | 560,564 | 774,904 | 0 | 774,904 | Actual 2014 | 1,341,276 | 599,500 | 741,776 | 0 | ||
36 | SPS Frederick | 370,605 | 516,933 | 0 | 516,933 | Actual 2014 | 803,888 | 317,718 | 486,170 | 0 | ||
37 | Shopko - Redding | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | ||
38 | West Crossing Shopping Center | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | ||
39 | Passaic Self Storage | 497,625 | 409,989 | 0 | 409,989 | Actual 2013 | 846,942 | 498,118 | 348,824 | 0 | ||
40 | NC Storage Center Portfolio | 201,198 | 313,773 | 0 | 313,773 | Actual 2014 | 476,668 | 203,718 | 272,950 | 0 | ||
40.01 | Highway 70 Storage Center | 92,786 | 159,000 | 0 | 159,000 | Actual 2014 | 227,592 | 94,403 | 133,189 | 0 | ||
40.02 | North Cannon Storage Center | 108,412 | 154,773 | 0 | 154,773 | Actual 2014 | 249,076 | 109,315 | 139,761 | 0 |
A-1-9 |
ANNEX A-1 — CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MORTGAGE LOANS AND MORTGAGED PROPERTIES
Mortgage Loan Number | Property Name | Third Most Recent NCF ($) | Third Most Recent Hotel ADR | Third Most Recent Hotel RevPAR | Master Lease (Y/N) | Largest Tenant Name(8)(9)(10)(11) | Largest Tenant Sq. Ft. | Largest Tenant % of NRA | Largest Tenant Exp. Date |
1 | The Shops at Crystals | 40,054,352 | N | Louis Vuitton | 22,745 | 8.7% | 12/31/2019 | ||
2 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ | NAV | Y | Vertex Pharmaceuticals | 1,082,417 | 95.5% | 12/31/2028 | ||
3 | One Stamford Forum | 14,057,626 | N | UBS Group AG | 337,456 | 66.9% | 12/31/2020 | ||
4 | Renaissance Dallas | 5,305,162 | 138 | 81 | N | ||||
5 | Pinnacle II | 7,882,478 | N | Warner Brothers Entertainment Inc | 230,000 | 100.0% | 12/31/2021 | ||
6 | Brewers Hill | 4,819,340 | N | Canton Self Storage | 112,000 | 29.3% | 5/31/2045 | ||
7 | Simon Premium Outlets | 17,379,729 | N | Various | Various | Various | Various | ||
7.01 | Lee Premium Outlets | 7,617,346 | N | Gap Outlet | 12,113 | 5.4% | 6/30/2017 | ||
7.02 | Gaffney Premium Outlets | 6,083,377 | N | Pottery Barn Furniture Outlet | 18,286 | 6.0% | 1/31/2020 | ||
7.03 | Calhoun Premium Outlets | 3,679,006 | N | V.F. Factory Outlet | 26,000 | 10.2% | 9/30/2020 | ||
8 | One Penn Center | 6,883,148 | N | Philadelphia Works, Inc. | 74,155 | 10.7% | 12/31/2020 | ||
9 | Hilton Long Island Huntington | 4,373,057 | 155 | 112 | N | ||||
10 | Aurora Office Building | 3,545,905 | N | Northrop Grumman | 183,529 | 100.0% | 11/30/2022 | ||
11 | 633 Third Avenue - Retail Condo | 2,403,775 | N | New York Sports Club | 23,700 | 58.6% | 5/31/2018 | ||
12 | Riverside University Village | 2,263,515 | N | Regency Theatres | 41,915 | 23.3% | 12/31/2021 | ||
13 | FedEx - Atlanta, GA | NAV | N | FedEx Ground Package System, Inc. | 311,489 | 100.0% | 1/31/2031 | ||
14 | FedEx - West Palm Beach, FL | NAV | N | FedEx Ground Package System, Inc. | 225,198 | 100.0% | 12/31/2030 | ||
15 | FedEx - Fife, WA | NAV | N | FedEx Ground Package System, Inc. | 312,928 | 100.0% | 10/31/2030 | ||
16 | 420 East Third Street | 647,752 | N | Board of Supervisors/County of Los Angeles | 8,526 | 7.3% | 5/31/2022 | ||
17 | Courtyard Marriott - Baldwin Park | 2,553,037 | 111 | 73 | N | ||||
18 | Homewood Suites Del Mar | 2,267,838 | 153 | 124 | N | ||||
19 | Corporate Center at Kierland | 385,868 | N | American Express Global Business Travel | 56,608 | 52.5% | 9,974 expiring on 2/14/19; 46,634 expiring on 7/26/26 | ||
20 | La Crosse Industrial | 1,943,251 | N | The City Brewing Co., LLC | 366,275 | 47.7% | 12/31/2021 | ||
21 | Southland Terrace Shopping Center | 1,431,896 | N | Kroger Limited Partnership | 51,460 | 23.4% | 5/31/2018 | ||
22 | Nassau Bay Town Square | 923,909 | N | GH III Management, LLC | 8,448 | 16.8% | 4/30/2024 | ||
23 | U-Stor-It Lisle | 728,081 | N | ||||||
24 | So Cal Self Storage - Northridge | 928,630 | N | ||||||
25 | FedEx Ground - South Bend, IN | NAV | N | Fedex Ground Package System, Inc. | 208,361 | 100.0% | 10/22/2030 | ||
26 | Westland Colonial Village Apartments | 1,055,834 | N | ||||||
27 | Dallas MHC Portfolio | 799,869 | N | ||||||
27.01 | Forest Acres MHC and RV Park | 355,019 | N | ||||||
27.02 | Woodshire MHC | 327,504 | N | ||||||
27.03 | Cobblestone MHC | 117,346 | N | ||||||
28 | So Cal Self Storage - Rancho Santa Margarita | 865,859 | N | ||||||
29 | FedEx - Boulder, CO | NAV | N | FedEx Ground Package System, Inc. | 211,030 | 100.0% | 2/28/2031 | ||
30 | Brewster Business Park | 877,305 | N | Matco-Norca, LLC | 69,100 | 52.0% | 5/31/2027 | ||
31 | Bonanza Square | 1,065,805 | N | Cardenas Markets | 36,000 | 33.4% | 12/31/2020 | ||
32 | Lakeview and Creek Run Business Park | 862,374 | N | Various | Various | Various | Various | ||
32.01 | Lakeview Commerce Center | 392,117 | N | PharMerica East, Inc. | 12,050 | 12.2% | 2/28/2017 | ||
32.02 | Creekrun Business Park | 470,257 | N | Liqui-Box Corporation | 24,000 | 22.0% | 1/16/2022 | ||
33 | So Cal Self Storage - Camarillo | 605,279 | N | ||||||
34 | South Main Shopping Center | 574,259 | N | Chase | 3,585 | 20.8% | 11/29/2026 | ||
35 | Publix Self Storage | 741,776 | N | ||||||
36 | SPS Frederick | 486,170 | N | ||||||
37 | Shopko - Redding | NAV | N | Shopko Stores Operating Co, LLC | 94,078 | 100.0% | 12/31/2031 | ||
38 | West Crossing Shopping Center | NAV | N | Mattress Firm, Inc. | 4,180 | 31.3% | 12/31/2019 | ||
39 | Passaic Self Storage | 348,824 | N | ||||||
40 | NC Storage Center Portfolio | 272,950 | N | ||||||
40.01 | Highway 70 Storage Center | 133,189 | N | ||||||
40.02 | North Cannon Storage Center | 139,761 | N |
A-1-10 |
ANNEX A-1 — CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MORTGAGE LOANS AND MORTGAGED PROPERTIES
Mortgage Loan Number | Property Name | 2nd Largest Tenant Name(8)(9)(10)(11) | 2nd Largest Tenant Sq. Ft. | 2nd Largest Tenant % of NRA | 2nd Largest Tenant Exp. Date |
1 | The Shops at Crystals | Prada | 15,525 | 5.9% | 12/31/2019 |
2 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ | Bright Horizons Children’s Center | 12,665 | 1.1% | 5/1/2035 |
3 | One Stamford Forum | Purdue Pharma L.P. | 167,015 | 33.1% | 12/31/2020 |
4 | Renaissance Dallas | ||||
5 | Pinnacle II | ||||
6 | Brewers Hill | Cigna | 73,880 | 19.3% | Multiple Leases -- 69,110 square feet expiring 11/30/2019; 4,770 square feet expiring 6/30/2017 |
7 | Simon Premium Outlets | Various | Various | Various | Various |
7.01 | Lee Premium Outlets | Nike Factory Store | 9,966 | 4.4% | 6/30/2019 |
7.02 | Gaffney Premium Outlets | Nike Factory Store | 11,620 | 3.8% | 10/31/2016 |
7.03 | Calhoun Premium Outlets | Old Navy | 12,000 | 4.7% | MTM |
8 | One Penn Center | United States Government - SEC | 44,765 | 6.5% | 4/10/2024 |
9 | Hilton Long Island Huntington | ||||
10 | Aurora Office Building | ||||
11 | 633 Third Avenue - Retail Condo | JP Morgan Chase | 16,468 | 40.7% | 9/30/2023 |
12 | Riverside University Village | Regents of UCR - UNEX | 12,726 | 7.1% | 9/11/2016 (4,836 SF); 1/22/2017 (7,890 SF) |
13 | FedEx - Atlanta, GA | ||||
14 | FedEx - West Palm Beach, FL | ||||
15 | FedEx - Fife, WA | ||||
16 | 420 East Third Street | Third Street Surgery Center, LP | 7,996 | 6.9% | 12/31/2028 |
17 | Courtyard Marriott - Baldwin Park | ||||
18 | Homewood Suites Del Mar | ||||
19 | Corporate Center at Kierland | Americana Arizona, LLC | 16,872 | 15.6% | 2/28/2021 |
20 | La Crosse Industrial | Ashley Furniture Industries | 360,000 | 46.9% | 12/31/2022 |
21 | Southland Terrace Shopping Center | Rainbow USA, Inc. | 25,000 | 11.4% | 1/31/2021 |
22 | Nassau Bay Town Square | Texas Citizens Bank, N.A. | 5,754 | 11.5% | 10/31/2025 |
23 | U-Stor-It Lisle | ||||
24 | So Cal Self Storage - Northridge | ||||
25 | FedEx Ground - South Bend, IN | ||||
26 | Westland Colonial Village Apartments | ||||
27 | Dallas MHC Portfolio | ||||
27.01 | Forest Acres MHC and RV Park | ||||
27.02 | Woodshire MHC | ||||
27.03 | Cobblestone MHC | ||||
28 | So Cal Self Storage - Rancho Santa Margarita | ||||
29 | FedEx - Boulder, CO | ||||
30 | Brewster Business Park | Diversified Transport Service | 18,685 | 14.1% | 7/31/2023 |
31 | Bonanza Square | Sun Rx Drugs | 12,120 | 11.2% | 5/31/2021 |
32 | Lakeview and Creek Run Business Park | Various | Various | Various | Various |
32.01 | Lakeview Commerce Center | BSP Lakeview LLC | 8,282 | 8.4% | 10/8/2018 |
32.02 | Creekrun Business Park | AAA Ohio Automotive Club | 18,300 | 16.8% | 12/31/2019 |
33 | So Cal Self Storage - Camarillo | ||||
34 | South Main Shopping Center | T-Mobile | 2,774 | 16.1% | 4/30/2022 |
35 | Publix Self Storage | ||||
36 | SPS Frederick | ||||
37 | Shopko - Redding | ||||
38 | West Crossing Shopping Center | T-Mobile | 2,937 | 22.0% | 5/31/2023 |
39 | Passaic Self Storage | ||||
40 | NC Storage Center Portfolio | ||||
40.01 | Highway 70 Storage Center | ||||
40.02 | North Cannon Storage Center |
A-1-11 |
ANNEX A-1 — CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MORTGAGE LOANS AND MORTGAGED PROPERTIES
Mortgage Loan Number | Property Name | 3rd Largest Tenant Name(8)(9) | 3rd Largest Tenant Sq. Ft. | 3rd Largest Tenant % of NRA | 3rd Largest Tenant Exp. Date | 4th Largest Tenant Name(8)(10) | 4th Largest Tenant Sq. Ft. | 4th Largest Tenant % of NRA | 4th Largest Tenant Exp. Date |
1 | The Shops at Crystals | Gucci | 10,952 | 4.2% | 12/31/2025 | Tiffany & Co. | 10,000 | 3.8% | 1/31/2024 |
2 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ | Babbo Enoteca Fp, LLC | 9,117 | 0.8% | 9/1/2025 | Master Lease | 7,300 | 0.6% | 5/1/2029 |
3 | One Stamford Forum | ||||||||
4 | Renaissance Dallas | ||||||||
5 | Pinnacle II | ||||||||
6 | Brewers Hill | AOL Advertising | 46,587 | 12.2% | 6/30/2022 | GES Exposition Services | 25,017 | 6.5% | 4/30/2019 |
7 | Simon Premium Outlets | Various | Various | Various | Various | Various | Various | Various | Various |
7.01 | Lee Premium Outlets | Banana Republic Factory Store | 8,756 | 3.9% | 8/31/2017 | Dress Barn | 7,781 | 3.5% | MTM |
7.02 | Gaffney Premium Outlets | Gap Outlet | 8,970 | 3.0% | 7/31/2019 | Banana Republic Factory Store | 8,584 | 2.8% | 5/31/2019 |
7.03 | Calhoun Premium Outlets | Loft Outlet | 12,000 | 4.7% | 10/31/2017 | Rak Outfitters | 11,652 | 4.6% | 1/31/2021 |
8 | One Penn Center | Phelan Hallinan & Schmieg, LLP | 35,989 | 5.2% | 1/31/2020 | Mcelroy Deutsch Mulvaney Et | 21,130 | 3.1% | 10/31/2021 |
9 | Hilton Long Island Huntington | ||||||||
10 | Aurora Office Building | ||||||||
11 | 633 Third Avenue - Retail Condo | Gateway News Stand | 300 | 0.7% | 6/30/2017 | ||||
12 | Riverside University Village | Regents of UCR - Design & Construction | 8,946 | 5.0% | 10/17/2016 | Regents of UCR | 8,579 | 4.8% | 7/31/2017 |
13 | FedEx - Atlanta, GA | ||||||||
14 | FedEx - West Palm Beach, FL | ||||||||
15 | FedEx - Fife, WA | ||||||||
16 | 420 East Third Street | Pacific Commerce Bank | 7,948 | 6.8% | 8/31/2017 | Premiere Practice Management, Inc. | 7,749 | 6.7% | 12/31/2028 |
17 | Courtyard Marriott - Baldwin Park | ||||||||
18 | Homewood Suites Del Mar | ||||||||
19 | Corporate Center at Kierland | New Enchantment, LLC | 6,078 | 5.6% | 5/31/2019 | Prospect Mortgage, LLC | 5,241 | 4.9% | 4/30/2017 |
20 | La Crosse Industrial | Dick’s Pallet Works | 17,686 | 2.3% | 12/31/2020 | Western Technical College | 11,011 | 1.4% | 12/31/2016 |
21 | Southland Terrace Shopping Center | Harbor Freight Tools | 15,000 | 6.8% | 8/31/2022 | Dollar Tree Stores, Inc. | 12,000 | 5.4% | 1/31/2020 |
22 | Nassau Bay Town Square | Bay Area Houston Economic Partnership | 5,588 | 11.1% | 6/13/2020 | GSM Wings, LLC | 5,044 | 10.0% | 1/31/2021 |
23 | U-Stor-It Lisle | ||||||||
24 | So Cal Self Storage - Northridge | ||||||||
25 | FedEx Ground - South Bend, IN | ||||||||
26 | Westland Colonial Village Apartments | ||||||||
27 | Dallas MHC Portfolio | ||||||||
27.01 | Forest Acres MHC and RV Park | ||||||||
27.02 | Woodshire MHC | ||||||||
27.03 | Cobblestone MHC | ||||||||
28 | So Cal Self Storage - Rancho Santa Margarita | ||||||||
29 | FedEx - Boulder, CO | ||||||||
30 | Brewster Business Park | EMC Pet Products, Inc. | 16,630 | 12.5% | 10/31/2017 | Putnam Steel Inc. | 8,960 | 6.7% | 12/31/2017 |
31 | Bonanza Square | Moda Latina | 11,500 | 10.7% | 12/31/2016 | Koster Finance | 6,120 | 5.7% | 9/30/2016 |
32 | Lakeview and Creek Run Business Park | Various | Various | Various | Various | Various | Various | Various | Various |
32.01 | Lakeview Commerce Center | Comfort Systems (Ohio) USA Inc | 6,150 | 6.2% | 12/31/2020 | Mid-Ohio Select Soccer League | 5,600 | 5.7% | 4/30/2019 |
32.02 | Creekrun Business Park | Piedmont Plastics Company, Inc | 16,000 | 14.7% | 2/28/2018 | First Choice Communications | 7,200 | 6.6% | 3/31/2018 |
33 | So Cal Self Storage - Camarillo | ||||||||
34 | South Main Shopping Center | Schlotzsky’s | 2,400 | 13.9% | 1/20/2017 | Wingstop | 1,950 | 11.3% | 7/31/2018 |
35 | Publix Self Storage | ||||||||
36 | SPS Frederick | ||||||||
37 | Shopko - Redding | ||||||||
38 | West Crossing Shopping Center | Cloud 9 Nails and Spa | 2,368 | 17.8% | 6/30/2020 | Sparkles Dental | 2,200 | 16.5% | 10/31/2025 |
39 | Passaic Self Storage | ||||||||
40 | NC Storage Center Portfolio | ||||||||
40.01 | Highway 70 Storage Center | ||||||||
40.02 | North Cannon Storage Center |
A-1-12 |
ANNEX A-1 — CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MORTGAGE LOANS AND MORTGAGED PROPERTIES
Mortgage Loan Number | Property Name | 5th Largest Tenant Name(9) | 5th Largest Tenant Sq. Ft. | 5th Largest Tenant % of NRA | 5th Largest Tenant Exp. Date | Engineering Report Date | Environmental Report Date (Phase I) | Environmental Report Date (Phase II) | Seismic Report Date | Seismic PML % | Seismic Insurance Required (Y/N) | Terrorism Insurance (Y/N) |
1 | The Shops at Crystals | Ermenegildo Zegna | 9,926 | 3.8% | 12/31/2020 | 5/13/2016 | 2/5/2016 | N | Y | |||
2 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ | Pier 50 LLC | 6,704 | 0.6% | 10/1/2024 | 6/14/2016 | 6/10/2016 | N | Y | |||
3 | One Stamford Forum | 5/5/2016 | 5/5/2016 | N | Y | |||||||
4 | Renaissance Dallas | 4/27/2016 | 3/25/2016 | N | Y | |||||||
5 | Pinnacle II | 5/16/2016 | 5/16/2016 | 5/16/2016 | 10.0% | N | Y | |||||
6 | Brewers Hill | DDG | 22,985 | 6.0% | 12/31/2024 | 3/7/2016 | 3/8/2016 | N | Y | |||
7 | Simon Premium Outlets | Various | Various | Various | Various | 4/21/2016 | 4/21/2016 | N | Y | |||
7.01 | Lee Premium Outlets | Polo Ralph Lauren | 7,683 | 3.4% | 5/31/2017 | 4/21/2016 | 4/21/2016 | N | Y | |||
7.02 | Gaffney Premium Outlets | Dress Barn | 7,986 | 2.6% | 12/31/2016 | 4/21/2016 | 4/21/2016 | N | Y | |||
7.03 | Calhoun Premium Outlets | Polo Ralph Lauren | 10,200 | 4.0% | 1/31/2021 | 4/21/2016 | 4/21/2016 | N | Y | |||
8 | One Penn Center | Qtc Management, Inc. | 19,879 | 2.9% | 3/31/2017 | 6/2/2016 | 6/3/2016 | N | Y | |||
9 | Hilton Long Island Huntington | 5/27/2016 | 5/27/2016 | N | Y | |||||||
10 | Aurora Office Building | 6/14/2016 | 6/14/2016 | N | Y | |||||||
11 | 633 Third Avenue - Retail Condo | 5/20/2016 | 5/20/2016 | N | Y | |||||||
12 | Riverside University Village | Regents of UCR - Accounting | 7,634 | 4.2% | 11/30/2018 | 12/22/2015 | 12/22/2015 | 12/16/2015 | 11.0% | N | Y | |
13 | FedEx - Atlanta, GA | 4/29/2016 | 4/29/2016 | N | Y | |||||||
14 | FedEx - West Palm Beach, FL | 4/29/2016 | 4/29/2016 | N | Y | |||||||
15 | FedEx - Fife, WA | 11/30/2015 | 12/9/2015 | 11/30/2015 | 9.0% | N | Y | |||||
16 | 420 East Third Street | US Renal | 7,678 | 6.6% | 1/5/2026 | 6/6/2016 | 6/6/2016 | 6/6/2016 | 14.0% | N | Y | |
17 | Courtyard Marriott - Baldwin Park | 4/21/2016 | 4/21/2016 | 4/21/2016 | 14.0% | N | Y | |||||
18 | Homewood Suites Del Mar | 4/5/2016 | 4/5/2016 | 4/5/2016 | 6.0% | N | Y | |||||
19 | Corporate Center at Kierland | Alliance Financial Resources | 3,523 | 3.3% | 12/14/2020 | 5/23/2016 | 5/23/2016 | N | Y | |||
20 | La Crosse Industrial | 6/27/2016 | 6/27/2016 | N | Y | |||||||
21 | Southland Terrace Shopping Center | Ocean Dental of Kentucky | 7,095 | 3.2% | 7/31/2017 | 4/6/2016 | 4/6/2016 | N | Y | |||
22 | Nassau Bay Town Square | Berkeley Eye Institute, P.A. | 4,581 | 9.1% | 8/31/2024 | 5/19/2016 | 5/23/2016 | N | Y | |||
23 | U-Stor-It Lisle | 5/3/2016 | 5/3/2016 | N | Y | |||||||
24 | So Cal Self Storage - Northridge | 3/29/2016 | 3/29/2016 | 3/29/2016 | 12.0% | N | Y | |||||
25 | FedEx Ground - South Bend, IN | 12/4/2015 | 12/9/2015 | N | Y | |||||||
26 | Westland Colonial Village Apartments | 5/6/2016 | 5/6/2016 | N | Y | |||||||
27 | Dallas MHC Portfolio | 5/11/2016 | 5/11/2016 | N | Y | |||||||
27.01 | Forest Acres MHC and RV Park | 5/11/2016 | 5/11/2016 | N | Y | |||||||
27.02 | Woodshire MHC | 5/11/2016 | 5/11/2016 | N | Y | |||||||
27.03 | Cobblestone MHC | 5/11/2016 | 5/11/2016 | N | Y | |||||||
28 | So Cal Self Storage - Rancho Santa Margarita | 3/29/2016 | 3/29/2016 | 3/29/2016 | 15.0% | N | Y | |||||
29 | FedEx - Boulder, CO | 4/29/2016 | 4/29/2016 | N | Y | |||||||
30 | Brewster Business Park | Health Flavors | 6,000 | 4.5% | 5/31/2019 | 5/12/2016 | 5/13/2016 | N | Y | |||
31 | Bonanza Square | Rent A Center | 5,412 | 5.0% | 2/28/2018 | 4/28/2016 | 4/29/2016 | N | Y | |||
32 | Lakeview and Creek Run Business Park | Various | Various | Various | Various | 4/18/2016 | 4/18/2016 | N | Y | |||
32.01 | Lakeview Commerce Center | Robin Technologies Inc. | 4,425 | 4.5% | 12/31/2020 | 4/18/2016 | 4/18/2016 | N | Y | |||
32.02 | Creekrun Business Park | Exclusively Floors, LLC | 7,004 | 6.4% | 12/31/2017 | 4/18/2016 | 4/18/2016 | N | Y | |||
33 | So Cal Self Storage - Camarillo | 3/29/2016 | 3/29/2016 | 3/29/2016 | 12.0% | N | Y | |||||
34 | South Main Shopping Center | FedEx Kinkos | 1,824 | 10.6% | 11/30/2026 | 6/6/2016 | 6/6/2016 | N | Y | |||
35 | Publix Self Storage | 4/28/2016 | 4/28/2016 | 4/28/2016 | 12.0% | N | Y | |||||
36 | SPS Frederick | 3/30/2016 | 3/31/2016 | N | Y | |||||||
37 | Shopko - Redding | 5/24/2016 | 5/24/2016 | 10.0% | N | Y | ||||||
38 | West Crossing Shopping Center | Jimmy John’s Gourmet Sandwiches | 1,650 | 12.4% | 3/31/2025 | 5/16/2016 | 5/20/2016 | N | Y | |||
39 | Passaic Self Storage | 4/7/2016 | 4/7/2016 | N | Y | |||||||
40 | NC Storage Center Portfolio | Various | Various | N | Y | |||||||
40.01 | Highway 70 Storage Center | 5/16/2016 | 5/16/2016 | N | Y | |||||||
40.02 | North Cannon Storage Center | 6/8/2016 | 5/17/2016 | N | Y |
A-1-13 |
ANNEX A-1 — CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MORTGAGE LOANS AND MORTGAGED PROPERTIES
Mortgage Loan Number | Property Name | Loan Purpose | Engineering Escrow / Deferred Maintenance ($) | Tax Escrow (Initial) | Monthly Tax Escrow ($) | Tax Escrow - Cash or LoC | Tax Escrow - LoC Counterparty | Insurance Escrow (Initial) | Monthly Insurance Escrow ($) | Insurance Escrow - Cash or LoC | Insurance Escrow - LoC Counterparty | Upfront Replacement Reserve ($) | Monthly Replacement Reserve ($)(12) |
1 | The Shops at Crystals | Recapitalization | 0 | 0 | Springing | 0 | Springing | 0 | Springing | ||||
2 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ | Refinance | 0 | 0 | Springing | 0 | Springing | 0 | 0 | ||||
3 | One Stamford Forum | Refinance | 15,188 | 230,359 | 230,359 | Cash | 58,814 | 19,605 | Cash | 0 | 0 | ||
4 | Renaissance Dallas | Refinance | 0 | 0 | Springing | 0 | Springing | 0 | Springing | ||||
5 | Pinnacle II | Refinance | 0 | 370,935 | 123,645 | Cash | 0 | Springing | 0 | Springing | |||
6 | Brewers Hill | Refinance | 0 | 53,116 | 53,118 | Cash | 0 | Springing | 0 | 6,370 | |||
7 | Simon Premium Outlets | Refinance | 0 | 0 | Springing | 0 | Springing | 0 | Springing | ||||
7.01 | Lee Premium Outlets | ||||||||||||
7.02 | Gaffney Premium Outlets | ||||||||||||
7.03 | Calhoun Premium Outlets | ||||||||||||
8 | One Penn Center | Refinance | 0 | 582,019 | 116,404 | Cash | 0 | Springing | 0 | 14,374 | |||
9 | Hilton Long Island Huntington | Acquisition | 0 | 334,631 | 83,658 | Cash | 0 | Springing | 0 | 68,724 | |||
10 | Aurora Office Building | Refinance | 0 | 0 | Springing | 0 | Springing | 0 | 1,529; Springing | ||||
11 | 633 Third Avenue - Retail Condo | Refinance | 0 | 38,790 | 38,789 | Cash | 0 | Springing | 675 | 675 | |||
12 | Riverside University Village | Acquisition | 116,250 | 0 | 26,625 | Cash | 11,757 | 5,879 | Cash | 0 | 7,505 | ||
13 | FedEx - Atlanta, GA | Acquisition | 0 | 205,006 | 22,778 | Cash | 0 | Springing | 0 | 0 | |||
14 | FedEx - West Palm Beach, FL | Acquisition | 0 | 208,069 | 52,017 | Cash | 0 | Springing | 0 | 0 | |||
15 | FedEx - Fife, WA | Acquisition | 0 | 22,237 | 43,006 | Cash | 0 | Springing | 0 | 0 | |||
16 | 420 East Third Street | Refinance | 0 | 121,085 | 24,217 | Cash | 7,812 | 3,906 | Cash | 0 | 1,950 | ||
17 | Courtyard Marriott - Baldwin Park | Refinance | 0 | 55,436 | 13,859 | Cash | 0 | Springing | 0 | 24,649 | |||
18 | Homewood Suites Del Mar | Refinance | 0 | 52,962 | 17,654 | Cash | 0 | Springing | 0 | 20,446 | |||
19 | Corporate Center at Kierland | Acquisition | 20,625 | 100,514 | 25,128 | Cash | 2,305 | 1,153 | Cash | 0 | 4,044 | ||
20 | La Crosse Industrial | Refinance | 158,750 | 434,404 | 39,491 | Cash | 84,755 | 8,177 | Cash | 0 | 6,398 | ||
21 | Southland Terrace Shopping Center | Refinance | 64,125 | 157,721 | 17,525 | Cash | 5,474 | 2,740 | Cash | 0 | Springing | ||
22 | Nassau Bay Town Square | Acquisition | 0 | 94,313 | 13,473 | Cash | 0 | Springing | 0 | 838 | |||
23 | U-Stor-It Lisle | Refinance | 60,938 | 53,854 | 13,463 | Cash | 0 | Springing | 8,170 | 821 | |||
24 | So Cal Self Storage - Northridge | Refinance | 0 | 16,013 | 8,006 | Cash | 0 | Springing | 0 | Springing | |||
25 | FedEx Ground - South Bend, IN | Acquisition | 0 | 0 | Springing | 0 | Springing | 0 | Springing | ||||
26 | Westland Colonial Village Apartments | Refinance | 0 | 158,924 | 22,122 | Cash | 109,438 | 9,850 | Cash | 0 | 6,292 | ||
27 | Dallas MHC Portfolio | Acquisition | 289,830 | 81,146 | 11,592 | Cash | 4,513 | 2,256 | Cash | 0 | 1,233 | ||
27.01 | Forest Acres MHC and RV Park | ||||||||||||
27.02 | Woodshire MHC | ||||||||||||
27.03 | Cobblestone MHC | ||||||||||||
28 | So Cal Self Storage - Rancho Santa Margarita | Refinance | 0 | 21,287 | 10,644 | Cash | 0 | Springing | 0 | Springing | |||
29 | FedEx - Boulder, CO | Acquisition | 0 | 0 | 53,508 | 0 | Springing | 0 | 0 | ||||
30 | Brewster Business Park | Refinance | 44,375 | 268,754 | 24,682 | Cash | 16,870 | 2,812 | Cash | 0 | 4,094 | ||
31 | Bonanza Square | Refinance | 374,893 | 24,630 | 4,926 | Cash | 5,892 | 1,964 | Cash | 0 | 2,605 | ||
32 | Lakeview and Creek Run Business Park | Acquisition | 177,625 | 12,092 | 12,092 | Cash | 0 | Springing | 0 | 0 | |||
32.01 | Lakeview Commerce Center | ||||||||||||
32.02 | Creekrun Business Park | ||||||||||||
33 | So Cal Self Storage - Camarillo | Refinance | 0 | 8,982 | 2,994 | Cash | 0 | Springing | 0 | Springing | |||
34 | South Main Shopping Center | Acquisition | 6,375 | 102,778 | 14,683 | Cash | 0 | Springing | 0 | 215 | |||
35 | Publix Self Storage | Refinance | 0 | 40,810 | 8,162 | Cash | 0 | Springing | 32,076 | 891 | |||
36 | SPS Frederick | Refinance | 0 | 0 | Springing | 0 | Springing | 0 | Springing | ||||
37 | Shopko - Redding | Acquisition | 0 | 0 | Springing | 0 | Springing | 0 | 1,568 | ||||
38 | West Crossing Shopping Center | Refinance | 0 | 66,536 | 9,505 | Cash | 0 | Springing | 0 | 167 | |||
39 | Passaic Self Storage | Refinance | 11,813 | 28,549 | 9,516 | Cash | 0 | Springing | 0 | 856 | |||
40 | NC Storage Center Portfolio | Acquisition | 32,500 | 9,702 | 2,812 | Cash | 0 | Springing | 14,500 | 947 | |||
40.01 | Highway 70 Storage Center | ||||||||||||
40.02 | North Cannon Storage Center |
A-1-14 |
ANNEX A-1 — CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MORTGAGE LOANS AND MORTGAGED PROPERTIES
Mortgage Loan Number | Property Name | Replacement Reserve Cap ($) | Replacement Reserve Escrow - Cash or LoC | Replacement Reserve Escrow - LoC Counterparty | Upfront TI/LC Reserve ($) | Monthly TI/LC Reserve ($)(13)(14) | TI/LC Reserve Cap ($)(13)(14) | TI/LC Escrow - Cash or LoC | TI/LC Escrow - LoC Counterparty | Debt Service Escrow (Initial) ($) | Debt Service Escrow (Monthly) ($) | Debt Service Escrow - Cash or LoC |
1 | The Shops at Crystals | 0 | 0 | Springing | 4,440,000 | 0 | 0 | |||||
2 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
3 | One Stamford Forum | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
4 | Renaissance Dallas | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
5 | Pinnacle II | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
6 | Brewers Hill | 0 | Cash | 1,500,000 | 48,000 | 0 | Cash | 0 | 0 | |||
7 | Simon Premium Outlets | 0 | 0 | Springing | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
7.01 | Lee Premium Outlets | |||||||||||
7.02 | Gaffney Premium Outlets | |||||||||||
7.03 | Calhoun Premium Outlets | |||||||||||
8 | One Penn Center | 0 | Cash | 3,000,000 | 150,000 | 3,000,000 | Cash | 0 | 0 | |||
9 | Hilton Long Island Huntington | 0 | Cash | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
10 | Aurora Office Building | 0 | Cash | 0 | 45,833 | 3,000,000 | Cash | 0 | 0 | |||
11 | 633 Third Avenue - Retail Condo | 0 | Cash | 6,745 | 6,745 | 0 | Cash | 0 | 0 | |||
12 | Riverside University Village | 0 | Cash | 0 | 17,500 | 420,000 | Cash | 0 | 0 | |||
13 | FedEx - Atlanta, GA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
14 | FedEx - West Palm Beach, FL | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
15 | FedEx - Fife, WA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
16 | 420 East Third Street | 0 | Cash | 1,500,000 | Springing | 750,000 | Cash | 0 | 0 | |||
17 | Courtyard Marriott - Baldwin Park | 0 | Cash | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
18 | Homewood Suites Del Mar | 0 | Cash | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
19 | Corporate Center at Kierland | 0 | Cash | 128,145 | 4,500 | 162,000 | Cash | 0 | 0 | |||
20 | La Crosse Industrial | 0 | Cash | 220,000 | 15,994 | 500,000 | Cash | 0 | 0 | |||
21 | Southland Terrace Shopping Center | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
22 | Nassau Bay Town Square | 0 | Cash | 0 | 5,833; Springing | 210,000 | Cash | 0 | 0 | |||
23 | U-Stor-It Lisle | 29,556 | Cash | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
24 | So Cal Self Storage - Northridge | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
25 | FedEx Ground - South Bend, IN | 0 | 0 | Springing | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
26 | Westland Colonial Village Apartments | 0 | Cash | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
27 | Dallas MHC Portfolio | 0 | Cash | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
27.01 | Forest Acres MHC and RV Park | |||||||||||
27.02 | Woodshire MHC | |||||||||||
27.03 | Cobblestone MHC | |||||||||||
28 | So Cal Self Storage - Rancho Santa Margarita | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
29 | FedEx - Boulder, CO | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
30 | Brewster Business Park | 0 | Cash | 0 | 4,442 | 215,000 | Cash | 0 | 0 | |||
31 | Bonanza Square | 137,824 | Cash | 25,000 | 9,530 | 225,000 | Cash | 0 | 0 | |||
32 | Lakeview and Creek Run Business Park | 0 | 260,000 | 0 | 260,000 | Cash | 0 | 0 | ||||
32.01 | Lakeview Commerce Center | |||||||||||
32.02 | Creekrun Business Park | |||||||||||
33 | So Cal Self Storage - Camarillo | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
34 | South Main Shopping Center | 0 | Cash | 0 | 2,500 | 105,000 | Cash | 0 | 0 | |||
35 | Publix Self Storage | 32,076 | Cash | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
36 | SPS Frederick | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
37 | Shopko - Redding | 37,632 | Cash | 0 | Springing | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
38 | West Crossing Shopping Center | 0 | Cash | 0 | 2,083 | 100,000 | Cash | 0 | 0 | |||
39 | Passaic Self Storage | 0 | Cash | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
40 | NC Storage Center Portfolio | 0 | Cash | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
40.01 | Highway 70 Storage Center | |||||||||||
40.02 | North Cannon Storage Center |
A-1-15 |
ANNEX A-1 — CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MORTGAGE LOANS AND MORTGAGED PROPERTIES
Mortgage Loan Number | Property Name | Debt Service Escrow - LoC Counterparty | Other Escrow I Reserve Description | Other Escrow I (Initial) ($) | Other Escrow I (Monthly) ($) | Other Escrow I Cap ($) | Other Escrow I Escrow - Cash or LoC | Other Escrow I - LoC Counterparty |
1 | The Shops at Crystals | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
2 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
3 | One Stamford Forum | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
4 | Renaissance Dallas | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
5 | Pinnacle II | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
6 | Brewers Hill | Cigna TILC Reserve | 331,511 | 0 | 0 | Cash | ||
7 | Simon Premium Outlets | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
7.01 | Lee Premium Outlets | |||||||
7.02 | Gaffney Premium Outlets | |||||||
7.03 | Calhoun Premium Outlets | |||||||
8 | One Penn Center | Rent Concession Reserve | 224,304 | 0 | 0 | Cash | ||
9 | Hilton Long Island Huntington | PIP Reserve | 231,450 | 0 | 0 | Cash | ||
10 | Aurora Office Building | Outstanding TI/LC Reserve | 4,904,605 | 0 | 0 | Cash | ||
11 | 633 Third Avenue - Retail Condo | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
12 | Riverside University Village | Existing TI/LC Obligations | 52,116 | 0 | 0 | Cash | ||
13 | FedEx - Atlanta, GA | Change Order Reserve; General Contract Completion and Punchlist Reserve | 592,685 | 0 | 0 | Cash | ||
14 | FedEx - West Palm Beach, FL | Change Order Reserve | 482,701 | 0 | 0 | Cash | ||
15 | FedEx - Fife, WA | Change Order Reserve | 450,094 | 0 | 0 | Cash | ||
16 | 420 East Third Street | Rent Reserve Escrow Deposit | 69,875 | 0 | 0 | Cash | ||
17 | Courtyard Marriott - Baldwin Park | 0 | Springing | 0 | ||||
18 | Homewood Suites Del Mar | Seasonality Reserve | 0 | Springing | 0 | |||
19 | Corporate Center at Kierland | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
20 | La Crosse Industrial | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
21 | Southland Terrace Shopping Center | Foot Locker Reserve | 220,000 | 0 | 0 | Cash | ||
22 | Nassau Bay Town Square | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
23 | U-Stor-It Lisle | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
24 | So Cal Self Storage - Northridge | Debt Yield Reserve | 180,000 | 0 | 0 | Cash | ||
25 | FedEx Ground - South Bend, IN | 0 | 0 | 0 | Cash | |||
26 | Westland Colonial Village Apartments | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
27 | Dallas MHC Portfolio | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
27.01 | Forest Acres MHC and RV Park | |||||||
27.02 | Woodshire MHC | |||||||
27.03 | Cobblestone MHC | |||||||
28 | So Cal Self Storage - Rancho Santa Margarita | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
29 | FedEx - Boulder, CO | General Contract Completion and Punchlist Reserve | 146,549 | 0 | 0 | Cash | ||
30 | Brewster Business Park | Matco-Norca Rollover Reserve | 500,000 | 0 | 0 | Cash | ||
31 | Bonanza Square | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
32 | Lakeview and Creek Run Business Park | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
32.01 | Lakeview Commerce Center | |||||||
32.02 | Creekrun Business Park | |||||||
33 | So Cal Self Storage - Camarillo | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
34 | South Main Shopping Center | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
35 | Publix Self Storage | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
36 | SPS Frederick | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
37 | Shopko - Redding | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
38 | West Crossing Shopping Center | Outstanding T-Mobile TI/LC Reserve | 145,558 | Springing | 0 | Cash | ||
39 | Passaic Self Storage | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
40 | NC Storage Center Portfolio | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
40.01 | Highway 70 Storage Center | |||||||
40.02 | North Cannon Storage Center |
A-1-16 |
ANNEX A-1 — CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MORTGAGE LOANS AND MORTGAGED PROPERTIES
Mortgage Loan Number | Property Name | Other Escrow II Reserve Description | Other Escrow II (Initial) ($) | Other Escrow II (Monthly) ($) | Other Escrow II Cap ($) | Other Escrow II Escrow - Cash or LoC | Other Escrow II - LoC Counterparty | Holdback | Ownership Interest | Ground Lease Initial Expiration Date | Annual Ground Rent Payment |
1 | The Shops at Crystals | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fee | ||||||
2 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fee | ||||||
3 | One Stamford Forum | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fee | ||||||
4 | Renaissance Dallas | 0 | 0 | 0 | Leasehold | 4/30/2062 | $23,720 | ||||
5 | Pinnacle II | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fee | ||||||
6 | Brewers Hill | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fee | ||||||
7 | Simon Premium Outlets | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fee | ||||||
7.01 | Lee Premium Outlets | Fee | |||||||||
7.02 | Gaffney Premium Outlets | Fee | |||||||||
7.03 | Calhoun Premium Outlets | Fee | |||||||||
8 | One Penn Center | Tenant Specific TILC Reserve | 592,858 | 0 | 0 | Cash | Fee | ||||
9 | Hilton Long Island Huntington | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fee | ||||||
10 | Aurora Office Building | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fee | ||||||
11 | 633 Third Avenue - Retail Condo | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fee | ||||||
12 | Riverside University Village | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fee | ||||||
13 | FedEx - Atlanta, GA | Rent Credit Reserve | 179,882 | 0 | 0 | Cash | Fee | ||||
14 | FedEx - West Palm Beach, FL | General Contract Completion and Punchlist Reserve | 34,988 | 0 | 0 | Cash | Fee | ||||
15 | FedEx - Fife, WA | Fence Completion Reserve | 20,004 | 0 | 0 | Cash | Fee | ||||
16 | 420 East Third Street | Outstanding TI/LC | 721,830 | 0 | 0 | Cash | Fee | ||||
17 | Courtyard Marriott - Baldwin Park | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fee | ||||||
18 | Homewood Suites Del Mar | PIP Reserve | 0 | Springing | 0 | Fee | |||||
19 | Corporate Center at Kierland | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fee | ||||||
20 | La Crosse Industrial | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fee | ||||||
21 | Southland Terrace Shopping Center | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fee | ||||||
22 | Nassau Bay Town Square | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fee | ||||||
23 | U-Stor-It Lisle | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fee | ||||||
24 | So Cal Self Storage - Northridge | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fee | ||||||
25 | FedEx Ground - South Bend, IN | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fee | ||||||
26 | Westland Colonial Village Apartments | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fee | ||||||
27 | Dallas MHC Portfolio | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fee | ||||||
27.01 | Forest Acres MHC and RV Park | Fee | |||||||||
27.02 | Woodshire MHC | Fee | |||||||||
27.03 | Cobblestone MHC | Fee | |||||||||
28 | So Cal Self Storage - Rancho Santa Margarita | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fee | ||||||
29 | FedEx - Boulder, CO | Change Order Reserve | 54,475 | 0 | 0 | Cash | Fee | ||||
30 | Brewster Business Park | Matco-Norca Unfunded Obligations Reserve | 100,748 | 0 | 0 | Cash | Fee | ||||
31 | Bonanza Square | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fee | ||||||
32 | Lakeview and Creek Run Business Park | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fee | ||||||
32.01 | Lakeview Commerce Center | Fee | |||||||||
32.02 | Creekrun Business Park | Fee | |||||||||
33 | So Cal Self Storage - Camarillo | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fee | ||||||
34 | South Main Shopping Center | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fee | ||||||
35 | Publix Self Storage | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fee | ||||||
36 | SPS Frederick | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fee | ||||||
37 | Shopko - Redding | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fee | ||||||
38 | West Crossing Shopping Center | T-Mobile Rent Reserve | 59,202 | 0 | 0 | Cash | Fee | ||||
39 | Passaic Self Storage | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fee | ||||||
40 | NC Storage Center Portfolio | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fee | ||||||
40.01 | Highway 70 Storage Center | Fee | |||||||||
40.02 | North Cannon Storage Center | Fee |
A-1-17 |
ANNEX A-1 — CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MORTGAGE LOANS AND MORTGAGED PROPERTIES
Mortgage Loan Number | Property Name | Annual Ground Rent Increases | Lockbox | Whole Loan Cut-off Date Balance ($) | Whole Loan Debt Service ($) | Subordinate Secured Debt Original Balance ($) | Subordinate Secured Debt Cut-off Date Balance ($) | Whole Loan U/W NOI DSCR (x) | Whole Loan U/W NCF DSCR (x) | Whole Loan Cut-off Date LTV Ratio | Whole Loan Cut-off Date U/W NOI Debt Yield | Whole Loan Cut-off Date U/W NCF Debt Yield | Mezzanine Debt Cut-off Date Balance($) |
1 | The Shops at Crystals | Hard/Springing Cash Management | 550,000,000 | 1,739,833 | 167,300,000 | 167,300,000 | 2.37 | 2.28 | 50.0% | 9.0% | 8.7% | ||
2 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ | Hard/Springing Cash Management | 195,000,000 | ||||||||||
3 | One Stamford Forum | Hard/Springing Cash Management | |||||||||||
4 | Renaissance Dallas | Springing | |||||||||||
5 | Pinnacle II | Hard/Upfront Cash Management | |||||||||||
6 | Brewers Hill | Soft/Springing Cash Management | |||||||||||
7 | Simon Premium Outlets | Hard/Springing Cash Management | |||||||||||
7.01 | Lee Premium Outlets | ||||||||||||
7.02 | Gaffney Premium Outlets | ||||||||||||
7.03 | Calhoun Premium Outlets | ||||||||||||
8 | One Penn Center | Hard/Upfront Cash Management | |||||||||||
9 | Hilton Long Island Huntington | Springing | |||||||||||
10 | Aurora Office Building | Hard/Springing Cash Management | |||||||||||
11 | 633 Third Avenue - Retail Condo | Hard/Upfront Cash Management | |||||||||||
12 | Riverside University Village | Springing | |||||||||||
13 | FedEx - Atlanta, GA | Hard/Springing Cash Management | |||||||||||
14 | FedEx - West Palm Beach, FL | Hard/Springing Cash Management | |||||||||||
15 | FedEx - Fife, WA | Hard/Springing Cash Management | |||||||||||
16 | 420 East Third Street | Springing | |||||||||||
17 | Courtyard Marriott - Baldwin Park | Hard/Springing Cash Management | |||||||||||
18 | Homewood Suites Del Mar | Springing | |||||||||||
19 | Corporate Center at Kierland | Springing | |||||||||||
20 | La Crosse Industrial | Springing | |||||||||||
21 | Southland Terrace Shopping Center | Soft/Springing Cash Management | |||||||||||
22 | Nassau Bay Town Square | Springing | |||||||||||
23 | U-Stor-It Lisle | Springing | |||||||||||
24 | So Cal Self Storage - Northridge | None | |||||||||||
25 | FedEx Ground - South Bend, IN | Hard/Upfront Cash Management | |||||||||||
26 | Westland Colonial Village Apartments | Springing | |||||||||||
27 | Dallas MHC Portfolio | Soft/Springing Cash Management | |||||||||||
27.01 | Forest Acres MHC and RV Park | ||||||||||||
27.02 | Woodshire MHC | ||||||||||||
27.03 | Cobblestone MHC | ||||||||||||
28 | So Cal Self Storage - Rancho Santa Margarita | None | |||||||||||
29 | FedEx - Boulder, CO | Hard/Springing Cash Management | |||||||||||
30 | Brewster Business Park | Hard/Springing Cash Management | |||||||||||
31 | Bonanza Square | Springing | |||||||||||
32 | Lakeview and Creek Run Business Park | Springing | |||||||||||
32.01 | Lakeview Commerce Center | ||||||||||||
32.02 | Creekrun Business Park | ||||||||||||
33 | So Cal Self Storage - Camarillo | None | |||||||||||
34 | South Main Shopping Center | Springing | |||||||||||
35 | Publix Self Storage | None | |||||||||||
36 | SPS Frederick | None | |||||||||||
37 | Shopko - Redding | Springing | |||||||||||
38 | West Crossing Shopping Center | Springing | |||||||||||
39 | Passaic Self Storage | Springing | |||||||||||
40 | NC Storage Center Portfolio | Springing | |||||||||||
40.01 | Highway 70 Storage Center | ||||||||||||
40.02 | North Cannon Storage Center |
A-1-18 |
ANNEX A-1 — CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MORTGAGE LOANS AND MORTGAGED PROPERTIES
Mortgage Loan Number | Property Name | Sponsor(10)(15) | Affiliated Sponsors | Mortgage Loan Number |
1 | The Shops at Crystals | Simon Property Group, L.P.; Invesco Advisers Inc. | Y - Group 1 | 1 |
2 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ | Senior Housing Properties Trust | 2 | |
3 | One Stamford Forum | Beacon Company (Delaware); BRJ Fiduciary Management LLC, as Trustee under Trust Agreement dated November 5, 1974; Rosebay Medical Company L.P. | 3 | |
4 | Renaissance Dallas | Thomas Point Ventures, L.P. | 4 | |
5 | Pinnacle II | Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P.; M. David Paul Development, LLC | 5 | |
6 | Brewers Hill | D.W. Wells Obrecht | 6 | |
7 | Simon Premium Outlets | Simon Property Group, L.P. | Y - Group 1 | 7 |
7.01 | Lee Premium Outlets | 7.01 | ||
7.02 | Gaffney Premium Outlets | 7.02 | ||
7.03 | Calhoun Premium Outlets | 7.03 | ||
8 | One Penn Center | Henry Gross | 8 | |
9 | Hilton Long Island Huntington | Naveen Shah | 9 | |
10 | Aurora Office Building | NRFC NNN Holdings, LLC | 10 | |
11 | 633 Third Avenue - Retail Condo | Joseph Nakash | 11 | |
12 | Riverside University Village | Bochao Zhan | 12 | |
13 | FedEx - Atlanta, GA | MRP Group | Y - Group 2 | 13 |
14 | FedEx - West Palm Beach, FL | MRP Group | Y - Group 2 | 14 |
15 | FedEx - Fife, WA | MRP Group | Y - Group 2 | 15 |
16 | 420 East Third Street | Naomi Nakagama Kurata; Fred Kurata | 16 | |
17 | Courtyard Marriott - Baldwin Park | Ronnie Lam | 17 | |
18 | Homewood Suites Del Mar | Giuseppe Simone; Robert A. Rauch; The Giuseppe Simone Revocable Family Trust; The Robert A. Rauch & Linda Rauch Trust | 18 | |
19 | Corporate Center at Kierland | Ted Akiba | 19 | |
20 | La Crosse Industrial | Thomas E. Roberts; Michael J. Roberts | 20 | |
21 | Southland Terrace Shopping Center | Vardi Jeidel | 21 | |
22 | Nassau Bay Town Square | Dorian Bilak; Sara V. Dumont | 22 | |
23 | U-Stor-It Lisle | Lawrence S. Nora | 23 | |
24 | So Cal Self Storage - Northridge | Dennis L. Geiler and William V. Bromiley, individually and as trustees of the Dennis L. Geiler Family Trust and Edith Revocable Trust, respectively | Y - Group 3 | 24 |
25 | FedEx Ground - South Bend, IN | Moses Mizrahi | 25 | |
26 | Westland Colonial Village Apartments | Jeffrey D. Spoon | 26 | |
27 | Dallas MHC Portfolio | Meritus Communities, LLC | 27 | |
27.01 | Forest Acres MHC and RV Park | 27.01 | ||
27.02 | Woodshire MHC | 27.02 | ||
27.03 | Cobblestone MHC | 27.03 | ||
28 | So Cal Self Storage - Rancho Santa Margarita | Dennis L. Geiler and William V. Bromiley, individually and as trustees of the Dennis L. Geiler Family Trust and Edith Revocable Trust, respectively | Y - Group 3 | 28 |
29 | FedEx - Boulder, CO | MRP Group | Y - Group 2 | 29 |
30 | Brewster Business Park | Joseph Simone, Joseph J. Sisca III | 30 | |
31 | Bonanza Square | Mary E. Connolly, individually and as trustee of the Mary E. Connolly Revocable Trust | 31 | |
32 | Lakeview and Creek Run Business Park | Avistone, LLC | 32 | |
32.01 | Lakeview Commerce Center | 32.01 | ||
32.02 | Creekrun Business Park | 32.02 | ||
33 | So Cal Self Storage - Camarillo | Anthony Giangrande; Dennis L. Geiler and William V. Bromiley, individually and as trustees of the Dennis L. Geiler Family Trust and Edith Revocable Trust, respectively | Y - Group 3 | 33 |
34 | South Main Shopping Center | US Property Trust | 34 | |
35 | Publix Self Storage | Craig Smith; Diane Black-Smith | 35 | |
36 | SPS Frederick | See Footnote (15) | 36 | |
37 | Shopko - Redding | Chengben Wang | 37 | |
38 | West Crossing Shopping Center | Michael C. Ainbinder | 38 | |
39 | Passaic Self Storage | Richard Birdoff | 39 | |
40 | NC Storage Center Portfolio | Volta Global LLC | 40 | |
40.01 | Highway 70 Storage Center | 40.01 | ||
40.02 | North Cannon Storage Center | 40.02 |
A-1-19 |
FOOTNOTES TO ANNEX A-1
See “Annex A-3: Summaries of the Fifteen Largest Mortgage Loans or Groups of Cross-Collateralized Mortgage Loans” in the Preliminary Prospectus for additional information on the 15 largest mortgage loans. | |
(1) | “WFB” denotes Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, “BANA” denotes Bank of America, National Association and “MSMCH” denotes Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC. |
(2) | Information regarding mortgage loans that are cross-collateralized with other mortgage loans is based upon the individual loan balances, except that the applicable loan-to-value ratio, debt service coverage ratio or debt yield for each such mortgage loan is based upon the ratio or yield (as applicable) for the aggregate indebtedness evidenced by all mortgage loans in the group (without regard to the $29,593,750 limitation on indebtedness secured by the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL mortgaged property). On an individual basis, without regard to the cross-collateralization feature, any mortgage loan that is part of a cross-collateralized group of mortgage loans may have a higher loan-to-value ratio, lower debt service coverage ratio and/or lower debt yield than is presented herein. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Cross-Collateralized Mortgage Loans; Multi-Property Mortgage Loans and Related Borrower Mortgage Loans” in the Preliminary Prospectus. |
(3) | For mortgage loan #6 (Brewers Hill), the Number of Units includes 244,724 square feet of office space, 112,000 square feet of self storage space and 25,489 square feet of storage space. |
For mortgage loan #16 (420 East Third Street), the Number of Units includes 47,166 square feet of medical office space, 44,102 square feet of traditional office space and 24,884 square feet of retail space. | |
For mortgage loan #27 (Dallas MHC Portfolio), the Forest Acre MHC and RV Park mortgaged property consist of 38 recreational vehicle sites. | |
(4) | For mortgage loan #1 (The Shops at Crystals), the mortgage loan is represented by Notes A-2-B-2, A-2-B-3, A-3-B-2, A-3-B-3, B-2-B-2, B-2-B-3, B-3-B-2 and B-3-B-3, eight of 22 senior pari passu notes (in two tranches) which have a combined Cut-off Date Balance of $382,700,000. The remaining 14 notes (and all nine of the related subordinate companion notes) are not included in the trust. All loan-to-value ratio, debt service coverage ratio, debt yield and Cut-off Date Balance per Unit/SF figures presented are based on all of the senior pari passu notes in the aggregate and exclude the related subordinate companion notes. Notes A-2-B-2, A-2-B-3, A-3-B-2, A-3-B-3, B-2-B-2, B-2-B-3, B-3-B-2 and B-3-B-3 represent non-controlling interests in the related loan combination. |
For mortgage loan #2 (Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ), the mortgage loan is evidenced by Note A-1 of nine pari passu notes, which have a combined Cut-off Date Balance of $425,000,000. Notes A-2-1, A-2-2, A-2-3, A-3, A-4, A-5, A-6 and A-7 will not be included in the trust. All loan-to-value, debt service coverage ratio, debt yield and Cut-off Date Balance per Unit/SF presented are based on the Notes in the aggregate (the “Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan”). Note A-1 represents the controlling interest in the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan. | |
For mortgage loan #3 (One Stamford Forum), the mortgage loan represents Note A-1 of two pari passu companion loans, which have a combined Cut-off Date Balance of $109,827,482. Note A-2 is not included in the trust. All loan-to-value ratio, debt service coverage ratio, debt yield and Cut-off Date Balance per Unit/SF presented are based on Note A-1 and Note A-2 in the aggregate (“One Stamford Forum Whole Loan”). The Note A-1 mortgage loan is the controlling interest in One Stamford Forum Whole Loan. | |
For mortgage loan #5 (Pinnacle II), the mortgage loan represents Note A-1 of three pari passu notes, which have a combined Cut-off Date principal balance of $87,000,000. Notes A-2 and A-3 are not included in the trust. All loan-to-value ratio, debt service coverage ratio, debt yield and Cut-off Date Balance per Unit/SF figures presented are based on Note A-1, Note A-2 and Note A-3 |
A-1-20 |
in the aggregate (the “Pinnacle II Whole Loan”). Note A-1 represents the controlling interest in the Pinnacle II Whole Loan. | |
For mortgage loan #7 (Simon Premium Outlets), the mortgage loan represents Note A-1 of three pari passu companion loans, which have a combined Cut-off Date Balance of $104,718,012. Note A-2 and Note A-3 are not included in the trust. All loan-to-value ratio, debt service coverage ratio, debt yield and Cut-off Date Balance per Unit/SF presented are based on Note A-1, Note A-2 and Note A-3 in the aggregate (“Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan”). The Note A-1 mortgage loan is the controlling interest in Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan. | |
For mortgage loan #8 (One Penn Center), the mortgage loan represents Note A-1 of two pari passu notes, which have a combined Cut-off Date principal balance of $68,000,000. Note A-2 is not included in the trust. All loan-to-value ratio, debt service coverage ratio, debt yield and Cut-off Date Balance per Unit/SF figures presented are based on Note A-1 and Note A-2 in the aggregate (the “One Penn Center Whole Loan”). Note A-1 represents the controlling interest in the One Penn Center Whole Loan. | |
For mortgage loan #13 (FedEx – Atlanta, GA), the mortgage loan represents Note A-1 of two pari passu companion loans, which have a combined Cut-off Date Balance of $28,400,000. Note A-2 is not included in the trust. All loan-to-value ratio, debt service coverage ratio, debt yield and Cut-off Date Balance per Unit/SF presented are based on Note A-1 and Note A-2 in the aggregate (“FedEx – Atlanta, GA Whole Loan”). The Note A-1 mortgage loan is the controlling interest in FedEx – Atlanta, GA Whole Loan. | |
For mortgage loan #14 (FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL), the mortgage loan represents Note A-1 of two pari passu companion loans, which have a combined Cut-off Date Balance of $23,675,000. Note A-2 is not included in the trust. All loan-to-value ratio, debt service coverage ratio, debt yield and Cut-off Date Balance per Unit/SF presented are based on Note A-1 and Note A-2 in the aggregate (“FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Whole Loan”). The Note A-1 mortgage loan is the controlling interest in FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Whole Loan. | |
For mortgage loan #15 (FedEx – Fife, WA), the mortgage loan represents Note A-1 of two pari passu companion loans, which have a combined Cut-off Date Balance of $40,250,000. Note A-2 is not included in the trust. All loan-to-value ratio, debt service coverage ratio, debt yield and Cut-off Date Balance per Unit/SF presented are based on Note A-1 and Note A-2 in the aggregate (“FedEx – Fife, WA Whole Loan”). The Note A-1 mortgage loan is the controlling interest in FedEx – Fife, WA Whole Loan. | |
For mortgage loan #29 (FedEx – Boulder, CO), the mortgage loan represents Note A-1 of two pari passu companion loans, which have a combined Cut-off Date Balance of $18,450,000. Note A-2 is not included in the trust. All loan-to-value ratio, debt service coverage ratio, debt yield and Cut-off Date Balance per Unit/SF presented are based on Note A-1 and Note A-2 in the aggregate (“FedEx – Boulder, CO Whole Loan”). The Note A-1 mortgage loan is the controlling interest in FedEx – Boulder, CO Whole Loan. | |
(5) | For mortgage loan #25 (FedEx Ground – South Bend, IN), the Cut-off Date Balance of $11,500,000 reflects a $1,000,000 paydown using a principal holdback reserve that was taken at closing. |
(6) | With respect to mortgage loan #10 (Aurora Office Building), the borrower may prepay the mortgage loan in part, including during the lockout period, subject to payment of a prepayment premium equal to the greater of a yield maintenance premium or 1.00% of the amount prepaid, in order to cure a cash management trigger event caused by a decline in debt service coverage ratio below 1.20x for the immediately preceding six consecutive calendar months. Such prepayment is required to be made in the minimum amount such that the amortizing debt service coverage ratio is equal to or greater than 1.25x. |
A-1-21 |
For mortgage loan #27 (Dallas MHC Portfolio), mortgage loan #32 (Lakeview and Creek Run Business Park) and mortgage loan #40 (NC Storage Center Portfolio), the mortgage loan documents do not allow any partial releases. | |
(7) | For mortgage loan #4 (Renaissance Dallas), 41.3% of U/W Revenues are from food and beverage operations. |
For mortgage loan #9 (Hilton Long Island Huntington), 34.6% of U/W Revenues are from food and beverage operations. | |
(8) | In certain cases, mortgage loans may have tenants that have executed leases, but may not be fully paying rent or occupying the related leased premises that were included in the underwriting. |
For mortgage loan #2 (Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ), the fourth largest tenant (7,300 square feet), representing 0.6% of the net rentable square feet, represents a master lease from the original developer of the property to the borrower, and is not physically occupied. U/W Revenues include income from the fourth largest tenant. | |
For mortgage loan #3 (One Stamford Forum), the largest tenant (337,456 square feet), representing 66.9% of net rentable square footage is not in occupancy of any of its space and has subleased 330,796 square feet (98.0%) of its space, of which 58,394 square feet is not being utilized. | |
For mortgage loan #3 (One Stamford Forum), the largest tenant (337,456 square feet), representing 66.9% of net rentable square feet, subleases to three tenants as follows: 291,679 square feet for a total annual base rent of $8,750,370 ($30.00 per square foot expiring on December 31, 2020), 25,075 square feet for a total annual base rent of $827,475 ($33.00 per square foot expiring on December 30, 2020) and 14,042 square feet for a total annual base rent of $491,470 ($35.00 per square foot expiring on December 30, 2020). That space is further sublet as follows: 43,563 square feet for a total annual base rent of $1,679,789 ($38.56 per square foot expiring on March 31, 2037), 11,784 square feet for a total annual base rent of $436,008 ($37.00 per square foot expiring on September 27, 2021), 8,705 square feet for a total annual base rent of $322,085 ($37.00 per square foot expiring on September 27, 2021) and 3,704 square feet for a total annual base rent of $137,048 ($37.00 per square foot expiring on September 27, 2021). | |
For mortgage loan #5 (Pinnacle II), the sole tenant (230,000 square feet), representing 100% of net rentable square feet, is subleasing 40,165 square feet for an annual base rent, beginning October 2016, of $2,094,794 ($52.15 per square foot, expiring December 31, 2021). | |
For mortgage loan #6 (Brewers Hill), the second largest tenant (73,880 square feet), representing 19.3% of net rentable square feet, is subleasing space to two tenants: 4,770 square feet for an annual base rent of $104,940 ($22.00 per square foot, expiring June 30, 2017) and 2,342 square feet for an annual base rent of $48,714 ($20.80 per square foot, expiring November 30, 2019). The fourth largest tenant (25,017 square feet), representing 6.5% of net rentable square feet, subleases its entire space to the second largest tenant for an annual base rent of $408,276 ($16.32 per square foot, expiring April 30, 2019). | |
For mortgage loan #11 (633 Third Avenue – Retail Condo), the second largest tenant (16,468 square feet), representing 40.7% of net rentable square feet, subleases 3,800 to the sponsor, for an annual base rent of $230,000 ($60.53 per square foot, expiring September 29, 2023). | |
For mortgage loan #20 (La Crosse Industrial), the third largest tenant (17,686 square feet), representing 2.3% of net rentable square feet, subleases 5,228 square feet to four subtenants. | |
(9) | The tenant early termination options discussed in this footnote are not intended to be an exclusive list. In particular, termination options based on co-tenancy clauses are generally included only for top five tenants by net rentable square feet if the option is currently or imminently exercisable. |
A-1-22 |
For mortgage loan #1 (The Shops at Crystals), the fourth largest tenant (10,000 square feet), representing 3.8% of net rentable square feet, may terminate its lease if annual gross sales for 2016 are less than $30,000,000. The fourth largest tenant has 60 days’ after reporting sales to provide written notice 182 days’ prior to termination and pay a termination fee equal to one-half the unamortized construction allowance. | |
For mortgage loan #6 (Brewers Hill), the third largest tenant (46,587 square feet), representing 12.2% of net rentable square feet, may terminate its lease as of June 30, 2020 upon providing notice by September 30, 2019 and payment of a termination fee equal to $477,643. The fifth largest tenant (22,985 square feet), representing 6.0% of net rentable square feet, may terminate its lease as of December 31, 2021 upon providing notice by March 31, 2021 and payment of a termination fee equal to $383,524. | |
For mortgage loan #7 (Simon Premium Outlets), the fifth largest tenant at the Lee Premium Outlets mortgaged property (7,683 square feet), representing 3.4% of the net rentable square feet of the entire portfolio, may terminate its lease if gross sales do not exceed $3,000,000 at the end of each lease year. In addition, the fifth largest tenant at the Calhoun Premium Outlets mortgaged property (10,200 square feet), representing 4.0% of the net rentable square feet of the entire portfolio, has the option to terminate its lease if gross sales do not exceed $4,500,000 at the end of each lease year, upon no less than 60 days’ written notice. | |
For mortgage loan #8 (One Penn Center), the largest tenant (74,155 square feet), representing 10.7% of net rentable square feet, may terminate its lease if funding for its fiscal year ending 2016, 2017, 2018 or 2019 is 50% less than the funding level in the lease agreement, upon providing notice by November 1st of the respective fiscal year end and payment of a termination fee detailed in the loan agreement. The second largest tenant (44,765 square feet), representing 6.5% of net rentable square feet, may terminate its lease at any time after April 10, 2021, upon providing 90 days’ written notice. | |
For mortgage loan #16 (420 East Third Street), the largest tenant (8,526 square feet), representing 7.3% of the net rentable square feet, may terminate its lease beginning on June 1, 2019 and at any time thereafter, with at least 270 days’ written notice. | |
For mortgage loan #19 (Corporate Center at Kierland), the second largest tenant (16,872 square feet), representing 15.6% of net rentable square feet, may terminate its lease as of September 30, 2018, upon written notice on or before September 30, 2017 and the payment of a termination fee equal to the sum of $150,442 plus all unamortized abated base rent, tenant improvements, leasing commissions and legal fees. | |
For mortgage loan #21 (Southland Terrace Shopping Center), the second largest tenant (25,000 square feet), representing 11.4% of net rentable square feet, may terminate its lease if gross sales for the trailing twelve month period ending November 2017 are less than $1,900,000. The second largest tenant may terminate its lease upon providing 60 days’ written notice between December 2017 and May 2018 and payment of a termination fee equal to $33,000. The third largest tenant (15,000 square feet), representing 6.8% of net rentable square feet, may terminate its lease if gross sales do not exceed $3,000,000 for the trailing twelve month period ending August 31, 2019. The third largest tenant may terminate its lease at any time 180 days following August 31, 2019 and termination will be effective 210 days following receipt of the termination notice and payment of a termination fee equal to $90,000 plus all unamortized tenant improvements and leasing commissions. | |
For mortgage loan #22 (Nassau Bay Town Square), the second largest tenant (5,754 square feet), representing 11.5% of net rentable square feet, may terminate its lease as of April 30, 2021 upon providing 120 day’s written notice and payment of three months base rent plus all unamortized tenant improvements and leasing commissions. | |
For mortgage loan #30 (Brewster Business Park), the largest tenant (69,100 square feet), representing 52.0% of net rentable square feet, may terminate its lease June 1, 2021 through May 31, 2022 upon providing 12 months’ prior written notice. |
A-1-23 |
For mortgage loan #34 (South Main Shopping Center), the largest tenant (3,585 square feet), representing 20.8% of net rentable square feet, may terminate its lease November 30, 2021 upon providing six months’ prior written notice. | |
(10) | For mortgage loan #3 (One Stamford Forum), the second largest tenant (167,015 square feet), representing 33.1% of net rentable square feet (or 90.9% of net rentable square footage including the space that it subleases), is an affiliate of the borrower. |
For mortgage loan #6 (Brewers Hill), the largest tenant (112,000 square feet), representing 29.3% of net rentable square feet, is affiliated with the sponsor. | |
For mortgage loan #16 (420 East Third Street), 22,929 square feet (19.7% of the net rentable square feet), including the second and fourth largest tenants, are leased to affiliates of the sponsor. | |
(11) | For mortgage loan #3 (One Stamford Forum), the second largest tenant (167,015 square feet), representing 33.1% of net rentable square footage (or 90.9% of net rentable square footage including the space that it subleases) has signed a lease on 100.0% of the net rentable square footage beginning January 1, 2021 and expiring on June 30, 2031 with a six and a half year renewal option. |
For mortgage loan #6 (Brewers Hill), the second largest tenant (73,880 square feet), representing 19.3% of net rentable square feet, has multiple leases that expire as follows: 69,110 square feet expiring November 30, 2019 and 4,770 square feet expiring June 30, 2017. | |
For mortgage loan #12 (Riverside University Village), the second largest tenant (12,726 square feet), representing 7.1% of net rentable square feet, has multiple leases that expire as follows: 4,836 square feet expiring September 11, 2016 and 7,890 square feet expiring January 22, 2017. | |
For mortgage loan #19 (Corporate Center at Kierland), the largest tenant (56,608 square feet), representing 52.5% of net rentable square feet, has multiple leases that expire as follows: 9,974 square feet expiring February 14, 2019 and 46,634 square feet expiring July 26, 2026. | |
(12) | For mortgage loan #18 (Homewood Suites Del Mar), the Monthly Replacement Reserve will be adjusted to an amount equal to the greater of the existing Monthly Replacement Reserve and 1/12th of 4% of underwritten revenue for the trailing 12 month period. |
(13) | For mortgage loan #6 (Brewers Hill), the Monthly TI/LC deposit will adjust to $40,000 after July 2019, and a TI/LC Cap of $1,000,000 will be put in place. |
(14) | For mortgage loan #1 (The Shops at Crystals), the Springing TI/LC will be a guaranty. |
(15) | For mortgage loan #36 (SPS Frederick), the sponsors are Benjamin D. Eisler and Shirley E. Eisler, individually and as Co-Trustees of the Eisler Revocable Trust; Allen Orwitz and Lea Orwitz individually and as Co-Trustees of the Allen Orwitz and Lea Orwitz Revocable Trust; BACO Realty Corporation. |
A-1-24 |
ANNEX A-2
MORTGAGE POOL INFORMATION (TABLES)
(THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK)
Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1
Annex A-2: Mortgage Pool Information
Mortgage Loans by Mortgage Loan Seller
Weighted Average | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loan Seller | Number of Mortgage Loans | Aggregate Cut-off Date Balance ($) | Percent by Aggregate Cut-off Date Pool Balance (%) | Mortgage Rate (%) | Remaining Term to Maturity or ARD (mos.) | Remaining Amortization Term (mos.) | U/W NCF DSCR (x) | U/W NOI Debt Yield (%) | U/W NCF Debt Yield (%) | Cut-off Date LTV (%) | Balloon or ARD LTV (%) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association | 15 | $302,740,928 | 34.8 | % | 4.453 | % | 118 | 354 | 1.76 | x | 11.1 | % | 9.8 | % | 61.2 | % | 55.3 | % | ||||||||||||||
Bank of America, National Association | 15 | 268,752,809 | 30.9 | 4.629 | 118 | 325 | 1.82 | 11.7 | 10.8 | 56.3 | 46.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC | 9 | 219,063,942 | 25.2 | 3.846 | 121 | 360 | 3.46 | 14.2 | 13.4 | 54.5 | 48.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
WFB/BANA(1) | 1 | 80,000,000 | 9.2 | 3.744 | 119 | 0 | 3.28 | 12.9 | 12.4 | 34.8 | 34.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total/Weighted Average: | 40 | $870,557,680 | 100.0 | % | 4.289 | % | 119 | 344 | 2.35 | x | 12.2 | % | 11.3 | % | 55.6 | % | 48.9 | % |
(1) “WFB” denotes “Wells Fargo Bank, National Association and “BANA” denotes Bank of America, National Association.
A-2-1
Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1
Annex A-2: Mortgage Pool Information
Mortgaged Properties by Property Type(1)(2)
Weighted Average | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Property Type | Number of Mortgaged Properties | Aggregate Cut-off Date Balance ($) | Percent by Aggregate Cut-off Date Pool Balance (%) | Mortgage Rate (%) | Remaining Term to Maturity or ARD (mos.) | Remaining Amortization Term (mos.) | U/W NCF DSCR (x) | U/W NOI Debt Yield (%) | U/W NCF Debt Yield (%) | Cut-off Date LTV (%) | Balloon or ARD LTV (%) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Office | 6 | $274,817,864 | 31.6 | % | 4.094 | % | 119 | 332 | 2.97 | x | 12.7 | % | 12.0 | % | 53.0 | % | 47.0 | % | ||||||||||||||
CBD | 4 | 226,387,864 | 26.0 | 4.051 | 119 | 319 | 3.25 | 13.2 | 12.4 | 50.2 | 45.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Suburban | 2 | 48,430,000 | 5.6 | 4.296 | 120 | 360 | 1.65 | 10.7 | 9.7 | 66.2 | 56.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Retail | 12 | 227,651,163 | 26.2 | 4.214 | 120 | 333 | 2.30 | 12.0 | 11.2 | 50.1 | 43.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Anchored | 6 | 174,484,545 | 20.0 | 4.164 | 118 | 330 | 2.34 | 11.1 | 10.5 | 50.1 | 45.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Outlet Center | 3 | 37,399,290 | 4.3 | 4.168 | 118 | 358 | 2.55 | 16.3 | 15.0 | 46.8 | 37.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Unanchored | 2 | 10,800,000 | 1.2 | 5.103 | 154 | 360 | 1.28 | 9.0 | 8.4 | 69.3 | 56.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Single Tenant | 1 | 4,967,328 | 0.6 | 4.380 | 119 | 119 | 1.31 | 18.1 | 16.3 | 36.4 | 0.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Hospitality | 4 | 132,716,042 | 15.2 | 4.587 | 119 | 359 | 2.04 | 14.8 | 12.5 | 59.6 | 51.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Full Service | 2 | 95,000,000 | 10.9 | 4.437 | 119 | 360 | 2.13 | 15.5 | 12.9 | 56.5 | 50.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Select Service | 1 | 18,979,809 | 2.2 | 5.000 | 119 | 359 | 1.83 | 13.3 | 11.8 | 65.4 | 53.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Extended Stay | 1 | 18,736,233 | 2.2 | 4.930 | 117 | 357 | 1.78 | 12.7 | 11.4 | 69.1 | 56.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Industrial | 9 | 97,726,721 | 11.2 | 4.520 | 117 | 323 | 2.03 | 10.8 | 10.0 | 60.2 | 55.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Warehouse Distribution | 5 | 66,887,500 | 7.7 | 4.390 | 118 | 0 | 2.27 | 10.3 | 10.0 | 56.5 | 56.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Flex | 4 | 30,839,221 | 3.5 | 4.802 | 114 | 323 | 1.51 | 11.9 | 10.0 | 68.1 | 53.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Mixed Use | 2 | 59,000,000 | 6.8 | 4.239 | 119 | 360 | 1.58 | 10.4 | 9.3 | 64.3 | 54.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Office/Self Storage | 1 | 40,000,000 | 4.6 | 4.300 | 119 | 360 | 1.40 | 9.7 | 8.3 | 69.0 | 60.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Office/Retail | 1 | 19,000,000 | 2.2 | 4.110 | 120 | 360 | 1.96 | 12.0 | 11.4 | 54.3 | 43.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Self Storage | 9 | 57,561,757 | 6.6 | 4.553 | 118 | 358 | 1.88 | 10.1 | 9.9 | 58.1 | 52.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Self Storage | 9 | 57,561,757 | 6.6 | 4.553 | 118 | 358 | 1.88 | 10.1 | 9.9 | 58.1 | 52.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Multifamily | 1 | 11,184,133 | 1.3 | 3.700 | 119 | 359 | 1.80 | 10.6 | 9.9 | 67.4 | 53.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Garden | 1 | 11,184,133 | 1.3 | 3.700 | 119 | 359 | 1.80 | 10.6 | 9.9 | 67.4 | 53.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Manufactured Housing Community | 3 | 9,900,000 | 1.1 | 4.600 | 119 | 360 | 1.52 | 9.5 | 9.3 | 73.8 | 64.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Manufactured Housing Community | 3 | 9,900,000 | 1.1 | 4.600 | 119 | 360 | 1.52 | 9.5 | 9.3 | 73.8 | 64.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total/Weighted Average: | 46 | $870,557,680 | 100.0 | % | 4.289 | % | 119 | 344 | 2.35 | x | 12.2 | % | 11.3 | % | 55.6 | % | 48.9 | % |
(1) A mortgaged property is classified as shadow anchored if it is located in close proximity to an anchored retail property.
(2) Because this table presents information relating to the mortgaged properties and not the mortgage loans, the information for mortgage loans secured by more than one mortgaged property is based on allocated amounts (allocating the mortgage loan principal balance to each of those properties according to the relative appraised values of the mortgaged properties or the allocated loan amounts or property-specific release prices set forth in the related mortgage loan documents or in such other manner as the related mortgage loan seller deemed appropriate).
A-2-2
Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1
Annex A-2: Mortgage Pool Information
Mortgaged Properties by Location(1)(2)
Weighted Average | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
State | Number of Mortgaged Properties | Aggregate Cut-off Date Balance ($) | Percent by Aggregate Cut-off Date Pool Balance (%) | Mortgage Rate (%) | Remaining Term to Maturity or ARD (mos.) | Remaining Amortization Term (mos.) | U/W NCF DSCR (x) | U/W NOI Debt Yield (%) | U/W NCF Debt Yield (%) | Cut-off Date LTV (%) | Balloon or ARD LTV (%) | |||||||||||||||||||||
California | 9 | $158,196,412 | 18.2 | % | 4.584 | % | 118 | 325 | 1.82 | x | 11.0 | % | 10.2 | % | 59.9 | % | 51.8 | % | ||||||||||||||
Southern | 8 | 153,229,084 | 17.6 | 4.590 | 118 | 337 | 1.84 | 10.8 | 10.0 | 60.6 | 53.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Northern | 1 | 4,967,328 | 0.6 | 4.380 | 119 | 119 | 1.31 | 18.1 | 16.3 | 36.4 | 0.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Massachusetts | 2 | 99,233,921 | 11.4 | 3.064 | 120 | 358 | 5.56 | 17.6 | 17.3 | 37.7 | 35.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Texas | 7 | 93,580,000 | 10.7 | 4.468 | 122 | 360 | 1.89 | 13.4 | 11.4 | 57.8 | 51.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Nevada | 2 | 86,591,503 | 9.9 | 3.775 | 119 | 359 | 3.19 | 13.0 | 12.4 | 36.3 | 35.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||
New York | 3 | 75,490,251 | 8.7 | 4.477 | 119 | 360 | 1.79 | 11.1 | 9.9 | 66.3 | 60.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Connecticut | 1 | 71,387,864 | 8.2 | 4.900 | 119 | 299 | 1.55 | 12.0 | 10.8 | 48.4 | 36.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Maryland | 2 | 45,081,563 | 5.2 | 4.337 | 119 | 360 | 1.43 | 9.8 | 8.5 | 67.2 | 58.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Colorado | 2 | 41,825,000 | 4.8 | 4.117 | 120 | 360 | 1.93 | 11.1 | 10.4 | 64.3 | 56.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Pennsylvania | 1 | 35,000,000 | 4.0 | 4.900 | 120 | 360 | 1.26 | 9.2 | 8.0 | 74.7 | 66.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Georgia | 2 | 21,145,582 | 2.4 | 4.220 | 118 | 358 | 2.45 | 12.5 | 11.8 | 51.8 | 48.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Washington | 1 | 20,125,000 | 2.3 | 4.236 | 118 | 0 | 2.43 | 10.8 | 10.4 | 54.4 | 54.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Arizona | 1 | 15,830,000 | 1.8 | 4.740 | 119 | 360 | 1.33 | 9.4 | 8.3 | 63.8 | 56.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Wisconsin | 1 | 15,806,702 | 1.8 | 4.980 | 109 | 289 | 1.40 | 11.8 | 10.0 | 63.7 | 48.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Kentucky | 1 | 14,000,000 | 1.6 | 4.400 | 120 | 360 | 1.74 | 12.0 | 10.5 | 62.2 | 50.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Illinois | 1 | 12,320,090 | 1.4 | 4.684 | 118 | 358 | 1.38 | 8.7 | 8.6 | 71.0 | 57.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Florida | 1 | 11,837,500 | 1.4 | 4.246 | 118 | 0 | 2.40 | 10.7 | 10.3 | 54.3 | 54.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Indiana | 1 | 11,500,000 | 1.3 | 5.100 | 117 | 0 | 1.60 | 8.5 | 8.3 | 67.6 | 67.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||
South Carolina | 1 | 11,219,787 | 1.3 | 4.168 | 118 | 358 | 2.55 | 16.3 | 15.0 | 46.8 | 37.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Michigan | 1 | 11,184,133 | 1.3 | 3.700 | 119 | 359 | 1.80 | 10.6 | 9.9 | 67.4 | 53.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Ohio | 2 | 6,542,268 | 0.8 | 4.543 | 119 | 359 | 1.89 | 14.6 | 11.6 | 73.5 | 59.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Alaska | 1 | 5,984,302 | 0.7 | 4.300 | 118 | 358 | 2.12 | 12.8 | 12.6 | 43.1 | 34.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||
New Jersey | 1 | 3,791,577 | 0.4 | 5.113 | 118 | 358 | 1.80 | 12.0 | 11.7 | 61.9 | 51.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
North Carolina | 2 | 2,884,226 | 0.3 | 4.720 | 119 | 359 | 1.67 | 10.9 | 10.4 | 71.2 | 58.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total/Weighted Average: | 46 | $870,557,680 | 100.0 | % | 4.289 | % | 119 | 344 | 2.35 | x | 12.2 | % | 11.3 | % | 55.6 | % | 48.9 | % |
(1) For purposes of determining whether a mortgaged property is in Northern California or Southern California, Northern California includes areas with zip codes above 93600 and Southern California includes areas with zip codes of 93600 and below.
(2) Because this table presents information relating to the mortgaged properties and not the mortgage loans, the information for mortgage loans secured by more than one mortgaged property is based on allocated amounts (allocating the mortgage loan principal balance to each of those properties according to the relative appraised values of the mortgaged properties or the allocated loan amounts or property-specific release prices set forth in the related mortgage loan documents or in such other manner as the related mortgage loan seller deemed appropriate).
A-2-3
Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1
Annex A-2: Mortgage Pool Information
Range of Cut-off Date Balances
Weighted Average | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Range of Cut-off Date Balances ($) | Number of Mortgage Loans | Aggregate Cut-off Date Balance ($) | Percent by Aggregate Cut-off Date Pool Balance (%) | Mortgage Rate (%) | Remaining Term to Maturity or ARD (mos.) | Remaining Amortization Term (mos.) | U/W NCF DSCR (x) | U/W NOI Debt Yield (%) | U/W NCF Debt Yield (%) | Cut-off Date LTV (%) | Balloon or ARD LTV (%) | |||||||||||||||||||||
2,884,226 - 3,000,000 | 1 | $2,884,226 | 0.3 | % | 4.720 | % | 119 | 359 | 1.67 | x | 10.9 | % | 10.4 | % | 71.2 | % | 58.1 | % | ||||||||||||||
3,000,001 - 4,000,000 | 1 | 3,791,577 | 0.4 | 5.113 | 118 | 358 | 1.80 | 12.0 | 11.7 | 61.9 | 51.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
4,000,001 - 5,000,000 | 2 | 9,467,328 | 1.1 | 4.580 | 119 | 234 | 1.31 | 13.8 | 12.5 | 50.7 | 27.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||
5,000,001 - 6,000,000 | 2 | 11,065,864 | 1.3 | 4.452 | 118 | 358 | 1.90 | 11.7 | 11.5 | 47.8 | 38.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||
6,000,001 - 8,000,000 | 4 | 25,933,771 | 3.0 | 4.558 | 133 | 359 | 1.92 | 12.1 | 10.7 | 62.8 | 52.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||
8,000,001 - 9,000,000 | 1 | 8,490,251 | 1.0 | 4.670 | 119 | 359 | 1.43 | 9.9 | 8.9 | 72.3 | 58.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||
9,000,001 - 10,000,000 | 3 | 28,625,000 | 3.3 | 4.452 | 118 | 360 | 1.98 | 9.9 | 9.7 | 61.7 | 58.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||
10,000,001 - 15,000,000 | 8 | 99,421,722 | 11.4 | 4.376 | 118 | 359 | 1.85 | 10.0 | 9.5 | 62.5 | 56.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
15,000,001 - 20,000,000 | 5 | 88,352,744 | 10.1 | 4.744 | 117 | 346 | 1.68 | 11.9 | 10.7 | 63.2 | 51.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||
20,000,001 - 30,000,000 | 2 | 49,138,042 | 5.6 | 4.663 | 116 | 295 | 1.79 | 10.4 | 9.8 | 58.3 | 49.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||
30,000,001 - 50,000,000 | 7 | 251,999,290 | 28.9 | 4.376 | 119 | 360 | 1.81 | 11.2 | 10.0 | 64.1 | 57.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||
50,000,001 - 70,000,000 | 1 | 60,000,000 | 6.9 | 4.400 | 118 | 360 | 2.16 | 15.8 | 13.0 | 50.5 | 46.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
70,000,001 - 80,000,000 | 3 | 231,387,864 | 26.6 | 3.774 | 119 | 299 | 3.78 | 14.4 | 13.8 | 39.2 | 35.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total/Weighted Average: | 40 | $870,557,680 | 100.0 | % | 4.289 | % | 119 | 344 | 2.35 | x | 12.2 | % | 11.3 | % | 55.6 | % | 48.9 | % |
A-2-4
Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1
Annex A-2: Mortgage Pool Information
Range of Underwritten Net Cash Flow Debt Service Coverage Ratios
Weighted Average | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Range of Underwritten NCF DSCRs (x) | Number of Mortgage Loans | Aggregate Cut-off Date Balance ($) | Percent by Aggregate Cut-off Date Pool Balance (%) | Mortgage Rate (%) | Remaining Term to Maturity or ARD (mos.) | Remaining Amortization Term (mos.) | U/W NCF DSCR (x) | U/W NOI Debt Yield (%) | U/W NCF Debt Yield (%) | Cut-off Date LTV (%) | Balloon or ARD LTV (%) | |||||||||||||||||||||
1.25 - 1.30 | 2 | $41,300,000 | 4.7 | % | 4.964 | % | 129 | 360 | 1.26 | x | 9.2 | % | 8.1 | % | 74.2 | % | 64.5 | % | ||||||||||||||
1.31 - 1.40 | 7 | 122,437,161 | 14.1 | 4.661 | 117 | 325 | 1.37 | 10.3 | 9.1 | 64.5 | 52.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
1.41 - 1.50 | 2 | 21,370,251 | 2.5 | 4.357 | 119 | 360 | 1.42 | 9.3 | 8.5 | 71.0 | 59.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
1.51 - 1.75 | 7 | 146,753,652 | 16.9 | 4.726 | 119 | 318 | 1.58 | 10.4 | 9.6 | 57.0 | 48.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||
1.76 - 2.00 | 8 | 150,834,021 | 17.3 | 4.381 | 119 | 359 | 1.87 | 11.4 | 10.4 | 64.2 | 55.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||
2.01 - 2.25 | 6 | 128,575,805 | 14.8 | 4.426 | 118 | 360 | 2.12 | 14.4 | 12.3 | 55.6 | 50.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
2.26 - 2.50 | 5 | 61,887,500 | 7.1 | 4.243 | 118 | 0 | 2.40 | 10.7 | 10.3 | 54.0 | 54.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
2.51 - 3.00 | 1 | 37,399,290 | 4.3 | 4.168 | 118 | 358 | 2.55 | 16.3 | 15.0 | 46.8 | 37.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||
3.01 - 6.28 | 2 | 160,000,000 | 18.4 | 3.271 | 120 | 0 | 4.78 | 15.4 | 15.1 | 35.2 | 35.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total/Weighted Average: | 40 | $870,557,680 | 100.0 | % | 4.289 | % | 119 | 344 | 2.35 | x | 12.2 | % | 11.3 | % | 55.6 | % | 48.9 | % |
A-2-5
Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1
Annex A-2: Mortgage Pool Information
Range of Underwritten Net Operating Income Debt Yields
Weighted Average | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Range of Underwritten NOI Debt Yields (%) | Number of Mortgage Loans | Aggregate Cut-off Date Balance ($) | Percent by Aggregate Cut-off Date Pool Balance (%) | Mortgage Rate (%) | Remaining Term to Maturity or ARD (mos.) | Remaining Amortization Term (mos.) | U/W NCF DSCR (x) | U/W NOI Debt Yield (%) | U/W NCF Debt Yield (%) | Cut-off Date LTV (%) | Balloon or ARD LTV (%) | |||||||||||||||||||||
7.2 - 8.0 | 1 | $32,000,000 | 3.7 | % | 4.400 | % | 119 | 0 | 1.56 | x | 7.2 | % | 7.0 | % | 64.0 | % | 64.0 | % | ||||||||||||||
8.1 - 9.0 | 4 | 43,000,090 | 4.9 | 4.728 | 127 | 359 | 1.43 | 8.7 | 8.4 | 69.9 | 60.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||
9.1 - 10.0 | 9 | 174,720,251 | 20.1 | 4.532 | 119 | 360 | 1.58 | 9.4 | 8.5 | 66.6 | 60.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||
10.1 - 11.0 | 9 | 110,050,463 | 12.6 | 4.407 | 117 | 320 | 2.01 | 10.5 | 10.0 | 57.6 | 51.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||
11.1 - 12.0 | 6 | 156,586,143 | 18.0 | 4.602 | 118 | 325 | 1.66 | 11.8 | 10.7 | 56.2 | 44.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||
12.1 - 13.0 | 3 | 104,720,535 | 12.0 | 3.988 | 119 | 357 | 2.95 | 12.9 | 12.2 | 41.4 | 38.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||
13.1 - 14.0 | 1 | 18,979,809 | 2.2 | 5.000 | 119 | 359 | 1.83 | 13.3 | 11.8 | 65.4 | 53.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||
14.1 - 15.0 | 3 | 48,133,771 | 5.5 | 4.458 | 120 | 360 | 2.06 | 14.9 | 12.5 | 66.1 | 55.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||
15.1 - 16.0 | 1 | 60,000,000 | 6.9 | 4.400 | 118 | 360 | 2.16 | 15.8 | 13.0 | 50.5 | 46.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
16.1 - 17.0 | 1 | 37,399,290 | 4.3 | 4.168 | 118 | 358 | 2.55 | 16.3 | 15.0 | 46.8 | 37.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||
17.1 - 18.0 | 1 | 80,000,000 | 9.2 | 2.798 | 120 | 0 | 6.28 | 17.9 | 17.8 | 35.5 | 35.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||
18.1 | 1 | 4,967,328 | 0.6 | 4.380 | 119 | 119 | 1.31 | 18.1 | 16.3 | 36.4 | 0.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total/Weighted Average: | 40 | $870,557,680 | 100.0 | % | 4.289 | % | 119 | 344 | 2.35 | x | 12.2 | % | 11.3 | % | 55.6 | % | 48.9 | % |
A-2-6
Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1
Annex A-2: Mortgage Pool Information
Range of Underwritten Net Cash Flow Debt Yields
Weighted Average | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Range of Underwritten NCF Debt Yields (%) | Number of Mortgage Loans | Aggregate Cut-off Date Balance ($) | Percent by Aggregate Cut-off Date Pool Balance (%) | Mortgage Rate (%) | Remaining Term to Maturity or ARD (mos.) | Remaining Amortization Term (mos.) | U/W NCF DSCR (x) | U/W NOI Debt Yield (%) | U/W NCF Debt Yield (%) | Cut-off Date LTV (%) | Balloon or ARD LTV (%) | |||||||||||||||||||||
7.0 - 8.0 | 2 | $67,000,000 | 7.7 | % | 4.661 | % | 120 | 360 | 1.40 | x | 8.2 | % | 7.5 | % | 69.6 | % | 65.0 | % | ||||||||||||||
8.1 - 9.0 | 9 | 151,820,340 | 17.4 | 4.503 | 121 | 360 | 1.55 | 9.3 | 8.4 | 66.8 | 60.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
9.1 - 10.0 | 6 | 86,903,877 | 10.0 | 4.649 | 115 | 314 | 1.61 | 10.3 | 9.6 | 62.4 | 51.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||
10.1 - 11.0 | 10 | 187,841,152 | 21.6 | 4.494 | 119 | 325 | 1.89 | 11.4 | 10.5 | 55.1 | 47.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||
11.1 - 12.0 | 5 | 67,049,888 | 7.7 | 4.690 | 119 | 359 | 1.86 | 12.8 | 11.5 | 63.9 | 52.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
12.1 - 14.0 | 5 | 187,575,805 | 21.5 | 4.127 | 119 | 360 | 2.62 | 14.3 | 12.7 | 46.8 | 42.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||
14.1 - 16.0 | 1 | 37,399,290 | 4.3 | 4.168 | 118 | 358 | 2.55 | 16.3 | 15.0 | 46.8 | 37.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||
16.1 - 17.0 | 1 | 4,967,328 | 0.6 | 4.380 | 119 | 119 | 1.31 | 18.1 | 16.3 | 36.4 | 0.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||
17.1 - 17.8 | 1 | 80,000,000 | 9.2 | 2.798 | 120 | 0 | 6.28 | 17.9 | 17.8 | 35.5 | 35.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total/Weighted Average: | 40 | $870,557,680 | 100.0 | % | 4.289 | % | 119 | 344 | 2.35 | x | 12.2 | % | 11.3 | % | 55.6 | % | 48.9 | % |
A-2-7
Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1
Annex A-2: Mortgage Pool Information
Range of Loan-to-Value Ratios as of the Cut-off Date
Weighted Average | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Range of Cut-off Date LTV Ratios (%) | Number of Mortgage Loans | Aggregate Cut-off Date Balance ($) | Percent by Aggregate Cut-off Date Pool Balance (%) | Mortgage Rate (%) | Remaining Term to Maturity or ARD (mos.) | Remaining Amortization Term (mos.) | U/W NCF DSCR (x) | U/W NOI Debt Yield (%) | U/W NCF Debt Yield (%) | Cut-off Date LTV (%) | Balloon or ARD LTV (%) | |||||||||||||||||||||
34.8 - 35.0 | 1 | $80,000,000 | 9.2 | % | 3.744 | % | 119 | 0 | 3.28 | x | 12.9 | % | 12.4 | % | 34.8 | % | 34.8 | % | ||||||||||||||
35.1 - 40.0 | 2 | 84,967,328 | 9.8 | 2.891 | 120 | 119 | 5.99 | 17.9 | 17.7 | 35.6 | 33.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||
40.1 - 45.0 | 1 | 5,984,302 | 0.7 | 4.300 | 118 | 358 | 2.12 | 12.8 | 12.6 | 43.1 | 34.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||
45.1 - 50.0 | 2 | 108,787,154 | 12.5 | 4.648 | 119 | 319 | 1.89 | 13.5 | 12.2 | 47.8 | 36.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||
50.1 - 55.0 | 10 | 164,060,566 | 18.8 | 4.311 | 118 | 360 | 2.20 | 12.8 | 11.4 | 52.7 | 49.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
55.1 - 60.0 | 1 | 9,500,000 | 1.1 | 4.499 | 117 | 0 | 2.08 | 9.6 | 9.5 | 57.2 | 57.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||
60.1 - 65.0 | 7 | 150,441,321 | 17.3 | 4.596 | 117 | 322 | 1.61 | 9.6 | 8.8 | 62.4 | 55.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||
65.1 - 70.0 | 8 | 172,500,175 | 19.8 | 4.472 | 119 | 359 | 1.74 | 11.8 | 10.4 | 67.6 | 57.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||
70.1 - 74.7 | 8 | 94,316,834 | 10.8 | 4.715 | 123 | 360 | 1.39 | 9.6 | 8.7 | 72.9 | 61.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total/Weighted Average: | 40 | $870,557,680 | 100.0 | % | 4.289 | % | 119 | 344 | 2.35 | x | 12.2 | % | 11.3 | % | 55.6 | % | 48.9 | % |
A-2-8
Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1
Annex A-2: Mortgage Pool Information
Range of Loan-to-Value Ratios as of the Maturity Date or ARD
Weighted Average | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Range of Balloon or ARD LTV Ratios (%) | Number of Mortgage Loans | Aggregate Cut-off Date Balance ($) | Percent by Aggregate Cut-off Date Pool Balance (%) | Mortgage Rate (%) | Remaining Term to Maturity or ARD (mos.) | Remaining Amortization Term (mos.) | U/W NCF DSCR (x) | U/W NOI Debt Yield (%) | U/W NCF Debt Yield (%) | Cut-off Date LTV (%) | Balloon or ARD LTV (%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
0.2 - 30.0 | 1 | $4,967,328 | 0.6 | % | 4.380 | % | 119 | 119 | 1.31 | x | 18.1 | % | 16.3 | % | 36.4 | % | 0.2 | % | |||||||||||||||
30.1 - 35.0 | 2 | 85,984,302 | 9.9 | 3.783 | 119 | 358 | 3.20 | 12.9 | 12.4 | 35.4 | 34.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
35.1 - 40.0 | 3 | 188,787,154 | 21.7 | 3.864 | 119 | 319 | 3.75 | 15.4 | 14.6 | 42.6 | 36.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
40.1 - 45.0 | 3 | 30,673,066 | 3.5 | 4.205 | 119 | 359 | 1.95 | 12.3 | 11.4 | 54.2 | 43.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
45.1 - 50.0 | 3 | 104,819,744 | 12.0 | 4.642 | 116 | 331 | 1.82 | 13.6 | 11.6 | 55.4 | 46.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
50.1 - 55.0 | 10 | 121,343,020 | 13.9 | 4.381 | 118 | 359 | 2.13 | 11.2 | 10.5 | 58.2 | 53.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
55.1 - 60.0 | 12 | 165,583,067 | 19.0 | 4.529 | 121 | 359 | 1.71 | 11.5 | 10.3 | 67.7 | 57.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
60.1 - 65.0 | 4 | 121,900,000 | 14.0 | 4.351 | 119 | 360 | 1.64 | 8.9 | 8.1 | 65.6 | 61.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
65.1 - 67.6 | 2 | 46,500,000 | �� | 5.3 | 4.949 | 119 | 360 | 1.34 | 9.0 | 8.1 | 72.9 | 66.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total/Weighted Average: | 40 | $870,557,680 | 100.0 | % | 4.289 | % | 119 | 344 | 2.35 | x | 12.2 | % | 11.3 | % | 55.6 | % | 48.9 | % |
A-2-9
Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1
Annex A-2: Mortgage Pool Information
Range of Mortgage Rates
Weighted Average | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Range of Mortgage Rates (%) | Number of Mortgage Loans | Aggregate Cut-off Date Balance ($) | Percent by Aggregate Cut-off Date Pool Balance (%) | Mortgage Rate (%) | Remaining Term to Maturity or ARD (mos.) | Remaining Amortization Term (mos.) | U/W NCF DSCR (x) | U/W NOI Debt Yield (%) | U/W NCF Debt Yield (%) | Cut-off Date LTV (%) | Balloon or ARD LTV (%) | |||||||||||||||||||||
2.798 - 3.500 | 1 | $80,000,000 | 9.2 | % | 2.798 | % | 120 | 0 | 6.28 | x | 17.9 | % | 17.8 | % | 35.5 | % | 35.5 | % | ||||||||||||||
3.501 - 4.000 | 2 | 91,184,133 | 10.5 | 3.739 | 119 | 359 | 3.10 | 12.6 | 12.1 | 38.8 | 37.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
4.001 - 4.250 | 10 | 170,358,293 | 19.6 | 4.170 | 119 | 359 | 2.18 | 12.2 | 11.4 | 56.3 | 49.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||
4.251 - 4.500 | 10 | 252,951,630 | 29.1 | 4.388 | 119 | 352 | 1.87 | 11.8 | 10.4 | 59.7 | 54.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||
4.501 - 4.750 | 7 | 61,048,397 | 7.0 | 4.665 | 119 | 359 | 1.49 | 10.0 | 9.2 | 68.6 | 57.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||
4.751 - 5.000 | 7 | 193,423,650 | 22.2 | 4.926 | 118 | 322 | 1.50 | 11.3 | 10.1 | 60.4 | 48.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||
5.001 - 5.250 | 2 | 15,291,577 | 1.8 | 5.103 | 117 | 358 | 1.65 | 9.4 | 9.1 | 66.2 | 63.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||
5.251 - 5.320 | 1 | 6,300,000 | 0.7 | 5.320 | 179 | 360 | 1.25 | 8.9 | 8.4 | 71.3 | 55.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total/Weighted Average: | 40 | $870,557,680 | 100.0 | % | 4.289 | % | 119 | 344 | 2.35 | x | 12.2 | % | 11.3 | % | 55.6 | % | 48.9 | % |
A-2-10
Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1
Annex A-2: Mortgage Pool Information
Mortgage Loans by Original Term to Maturity or ARD
Weighted Average | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Original Terms to Maturity or ARD (mos.) | Number of Mortgage Loans | Aggregate Cut-off Date Balance ($) | Percent by Aggregate Cut-off Date Pool Balance (%) | Mortgage Rate (%) | Remaining Term to Maturity or ARD (mos.) | Remaining Amortization Term (mos.) | U/W NCF DSCR (x) | U/W NOI Debt Yield (%) | U/W NCF Debt Yield (%) | Cut-off Date LTV (%) | Balloon or ARD LTV (%) | |||||||||||||||||||||
120 | 39 | $864,257,680 | 99.3 | % | 4.282 | % | 119 | 344 | 2.36 | x | 12.3 | % | 11.3 | % | 55.5 | % | 48.9 | % | ||||||||||||||
180 | 1 | 6,300,000 | 0.7 | 5.320 | 179 | 360 | 1.25 | 8.9 | 8.4 | 71.3 | 55.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total/Weighted Average: | 40 | $870,557,680 | 100.0 | % | 4.289 | % | 119 | 344 | 2.35 | x | 12.2 | % | 11.3 | % | 55.6 | % | 48.9 | % |
A-2-11
Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1
Annex A-2: Mortgage Pool Information
Range of Remaining Terms to Maturity or ARD as of the Cut-off Date
Weighted Average | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Range of Remaining Terms to Maturity or ARD (mos.) | Number of Mortgage Loans | Aggregate Cut-off Date Balance ($) | Percent by Aggregate Cut-off Date Pool Balance (%) | Mortgage Rate (%) | Remaining Term to Maturity or ARD (mos.) | Remaining Amortization Term (mos.) | U/W NCF DSCR (x) | U/W NOI Debt Yield (%) | U/W NCF Debt Yield (%) | Cut-off Date LTV (%) | Balloon or ARD LTV (%) | |||||||||||||||||||||
109 - 120 | 39 | $864,257,680 | 99.3 | % | 4.282 | % | 119 | 344 | 2.36 | x | 12.3 | % | 11.3 | % | 55.5 | % | 48.9 | % | ||||||||||||||
121 - 179 | 1 | 6,300,000 | 0.7 | 5.320 | 179 | 360 | 1.25 | 8.9 | 8.4 | 71.3 | 55.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total/Weighted Average: | 40 | $870,557,680 | 100.0 | % | 4.289 | % | 119 | 344 | 2.35 | x | 12.2 | % | 11.3 | % | 55.6 | % | 48.9 | % |
A-2-12
Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1
Annex A-2: Mortgage Pool Information
Mortgage Loans by Original Amortization Term
Weighted Average | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Original Amortization Terms (mos.) | Number of Mortgage Loans | Aggregate Cut-off Date Balance ($) | Percent by Aggregate Cut-off Date Pool Balance (%) | Mortgage Rate (%) | Remaining Term to Maturity or ARD (mos.) | Remaining Amortization Term (mos.) | U/W NCF DSCR (x) | U/W NOI Debt Yield (%) | U/W NCF Debt Yield (%) | Cut-off Date LTV (%) | Balloon or ARD LTV (%) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Non-Amortizing | 12 | $326,387,500 | 37.5 | % | 3.836 | % | 119 | 0 | 3.38 | x | 12.3 | % | 12.0 | % | 47.2 | % | 47.2 | % | ||||||||||||||
120 | 1 | 4,967,328 | 0.6 | 4.380 | 119 | 119 | 1.31 | 18.1 | 16.3 | 36.4 | 0.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||
300 | 3 | 116,207,607 | 13.3 | 4.926 | 117 | 297 | 1.48 | 11.5 | 10.3 | 53.6 | 40.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||
360 | 24 | 422,995,244 | 48.6 | 4.464 | 120 | 359 | 1.80 | 12.3 | 10.9 | 62.8 | 53.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total/Weighted Average: | 40 | $870,557,680 | 100.0 | % | 4.289 | % | 119 | 344 | 2.35 | x | 12.2 | % | 11.3 | % | 55.6 | % | 48.9 | % |
A-2-13
Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1
Annex A-2: Mortgage Pool Information
Range of Remaining Amortization Terms as of the Cut-off Date(1)
Weighted Average | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Range of Remaining Amortization Terms (mos.) | Number of Mortgage Loans | Aggregate Cut-off Date Balance ($) | Percent by Aggregate Cut-off Date Pool Balance (%) | Mortgage Rate (%) | Remaining Term to Maturity or ARD (mos.) | Remaining Amortization Term (mos.) | U/W NCF DSCR (x) | U/W NOI Debt Yield (%) | U/W NCF Debt Yield (%) | Cut-off Date LTV (%) | Balloon or ARD LTV (%) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Non-Amortizing | 12 | $326,387,500 | 37.5 | % | 3.836 | % | 119 | 0 | 3.38 | x | 12.3 | % | 12.0 | % | 47.2 | % | 47.2 | % | ||||||||||||||
119 - 120 | 1 | 4,967,328 | 0.6 | 4.380 | 119 | 119 | 1.31 | 18.1 | 16.3 | 36.4 | 0.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||
121 - 300 | 3 | 116,207,607 | 13.3 | 4.926 | 117 | 297 | 1.48 | 11.5 | 10.3 | 53.6 | 40.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||
301 - 360 | 24 | 422,995,244 | 48.6 | 4.464 | 120 | 359 | 1.80 | 12.3 | 10.9 | 62.8 | 53.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total/Weighted Average: | 40 | $870,557,680 | 100.0 | % | 4.289 | % | 119 | 344 | 2.35 | x | 12.2 | % | 11.3 | % | 55.6 | % | 48.9 | % |
(1)The remaining amortization term shown for any mortgage loan that is interest-only for part of its term does not include the number of months in its interest-only period and reflects only the number of months as of the commencement of amortization remaining from the end of such interest-only period.
A-2-14
Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1
Annex A-2: Mortgage Pool Information
Mortgage Loans by Amortization Type
Weighted Average | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization Type | Number of Mortgage Loans | Aggregate Cut-off Date Balance ($) | Percent by Aggregate Cut-off Date Pool Balance (%) | Mortgage Rate (%) | Remaining Term to Maturity or ARD (mos.) | Remaining Amortization Term (mos.) | U/W NCF DSCR (x) | U/W NOI Debt Yield (%) | U/W NCF Debt Yield (%) | Cut-off Date LTV (%) | Balloon or ARD LTV (%) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Amortizing Balloon | 17 | $287,192,852 | 33.0 | % | 4.643 | % | 118 | 334 | 1.76 | x | 12.3 | % | 11.2 | % | 57.4 | % | 45.1 | % | ||||||||||||||
Interest-only, Amortizing Balloon | 10 | 252,010,000 | 28.9 | 4.473 | 121 | 360 | 1.70 | 11.9 | 10.3 | 64.8 | 56.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Interest-only, Balloon | 11 | 246,387,500 | 28.3 | 4.172 | 118 | 0 | 2.44 | 10.5 | 10.1 | 51.0 | 51.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Interest-only, ARD | 1 | 80,000,000 | 9.2 | 2.798 | 120 | 0 | 6.28 | 17.9 | 17.8 | 35.5 | 35.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Fully Amortizing | 1 | 4,967,328 | 0.6 | 4.380 | 119 | 119 | 1.31 | 18.1 | 16.3 | 36.4 | 0.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total/Weighted Average: | 40 | $870,557,680 | 100.0 | % | 4.289 | % | 119 | 344 | 2.35 | x | 12.2 | % | 11.3 | % | 55.6 | % | 48.9 | % |
A-2-15
Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1
Annex A-2: Mortgage Pool Information
Mortgage Loans by Loan Purpose
Weighted Average | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loan Purpose | Number of Mortgage Loans | Aggregate Cut-off Date Balance ($) | Percent by Aggregate Cut-off Date Pool Balance (%) | Mortgage Rate (%) | Remaining Term to Maturity or ARD (mos.) | Remaining Amortization Term (mos.) | U/W NCF DSCR (x) | U/W NOI Debt Yield (%) | U/W NCF Debt Yield (%) | Cut-off Date LTV (%) | Balloon or ARD LTV (%) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Refinance | 25 | $600,353,316 | 69.0 | % | 4.276 | % | 119 | 346 | 2.39 | x | 12.5 | % | 11.4 | % | 56.2 | % | 49.1 | % | ||||||||||||||
Acquisition | 14 | 190,204,364 | 21.8 | 4.562 | 120 | 335 | 1.84 | 11.3 | 10.3 | 62.3 | 54.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Recapitalization | 1 | 80,000,000 | 9.2 | 3.744 | 119 | 0 | 3.28 | 12.9 | 12.4 | 34.8 | 34.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total/Weighted Average: | 40 | $870,557,680 | 100.0 | % | 4.289 | % | 119 | 344 | 2.35 | x | 12.2 | % | 11.3 | % | 55.6 | % | 48.9 | % |
A-2-16
Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1
Annex A-2: Mortgage Pool Information
Mortgage Loans by Lockbox Type
Weighted Average | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Type of Lockbox | Number of Mortgage Loans | Aggregate Cut-off Date Balance ($) | Percent by Aggregate Cut-off Date Pool Balance (%) | Mortgage Rate (%) | Remaining Term to Maturity or ARD (mos.) | Remaining Amortization Term (mos.) | U/W NCF DSCR (x) | U/W NOI Debt Yield (%) | U/W NCF Debt Yield (%) | Cut-off Date LTV (%) | Balloon or ARD LTV (%) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Hard/Springing Cash Management | 11 | $384,244,714 | 44.1 | % | 3.986 | % | 119 | 334 | 3.15 | x | 13.6 | % | 12.9 | % | 46.5 | % | 41.6 | % | ||||||||||||||
Springing | 17 | 265,347,101 | 30.5 | 4.557 | 119 | 344 | 1.77 | 12.7 | 11.1 | 61.1 | 50.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Hard/Upfront Cash Management | 4 | 118,500,000 | 13.6 | 4.582 | 119 | 360 | 1.61 | 8.6 | 7.9 | 66.6 | 64.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Soft/Springing Cash Management | 3 | 63,900,000 | 7.3 | 4.368 | 119 | 360 | 1.49 | 10.2 | 8.9 | 68.3 | 58.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||
None | 5 | 38,565,864 | 4.4 | 4.443 | 117 | 358 | 2.06 | 10.3 | 10.1 | 52.6 | 50.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total/Weighted Average: | 40 | $870,557,680 | 100.0 | % | 4.289 | % | 119 | 344 | 2.35 | x | 12.2 | % | 11.3 | % | 55.6 | % | 48.9 | % |
A-2-17
Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1
Annex A-2: Mortgage Pool Information
Mortgage Loans by Escrow Type
Initial | Monthly | Springing | ||||||||||
Type of Escrow | Number of Mortgage Loans | Aggregate Cut-off Date Balance ($) | Percent by Aggregate Cut-off Date Pool Balance (%) | Number of Mortgage Loans | Aggregate Cut-off Date Balance ($) | Percent by Aggregate Cut-off Date Pool Balance (%) | Number of Mortgage Loans | Aggregate Cut-off Date Balance ($) | Percent by Aggregate Cut-off Date Pool Balance (%) | |||
Tax Escrow | 30 | $520,771,457 | 59.8% | 32 | $559,009,499 | 64.2% | 8 | $311,548,181 | 35.8% | |||
Insurance Escrow | 10 | $201,203,494 | 23.1% | 10 | $201,203,494 | 23.1% | 30 | $669,354,186 | 76.9% | |||
Replacement Reserve | 4 | $53,188,617 | 6.1% | 23 | $381,759,195 | 43.9% | 11 | $308,080,853 | 35.4% | |||
TI/LC Reserve(1) | 8 | $170,770,473 | 25.9% | 12 | $239,011,498 | 36.3% | 6 | $165,746,618 | 25.1% |
(1)The percentage of Cut-off Date Pool Balance for loans with TI/LC reserves is based on the aggregate principal balance of loans secured in whole or in part by office, retail, industrial and mixed-use properties.
A-2-18
Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1
Annex A-2: Mortgage Pool Information
Percentage of Mortgage Pool by Prepayment Restriction(1)(2)
Prepayment Restriction | August 2016 | August 2017 | August 2018 | August 2019 | August 2020 | August 2021 | August 2022 | August 2023 | August 2024 | August 2025 | August 2026 | August 2027 | August 2028 | August 2029 | August 2030 | August 2031 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locked Out | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 15.94 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Defeasance | 0.00 | 0.00 | 63.78 | 63.77 | 63.70 | 63.62 | 63.50 | 63.37 | 63.23 | 61.54 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Yield Maintenance | 0.00 | 0.00 | 20.28 | 36.23 | 36.30 | 36.38 | 36.50 | 36.63 | 36.77 | 36.92 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prepayment Premium | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Open | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.54 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total: | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | 0.00 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Mortgage Pool Balance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Outstanding (in millions) | $870.56 | $865.07 | $859.29 | $851.80 | $842.49 | $832.52 | $821.28 | $809.52 | $797.25 | $784.35 | $5.61 | $5.49 | $5.36 | $5.22 | $5.08 | $0.00 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Percent of Aggregate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cut-off Date Pool Balance | 100.00 | % | 99.37 | % | 98.71 | % | 97.85 | % | 96.78 | % | 95.63 | % | 94.34 | % | 92.99 | % | 91.58 | % | 90.10 | % | 0.64 | % | 0.63 | % | 0.62 | % | 0.60 | % | 0.58 | % | 0.00 | % |
(1) Prepayment provisions in effect as a percentage of outstanding Mortgage Loan balances as of the indicated date assuming no prepayments on the Mortgage Loans, if any. |
(2) Assumes yield maintenance for each Mortgage Loan with the option to defease or pay yield maintenance. |
A-2-19
(THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK)
ANNEX A-3
SUMMARIES OF FIFTEEN LARGEST MORTGAGE LOANS OR GROUPS OF CROSS-COLLATERALIZED MORTGAGE LOANS
A-3-1
THE SHOPS AT CRYSTALS |
A-3-2 |
THE SHOPS AT CRYSTALS |
A-3-3 |
THE SHOPS AT CRYSTALS |
A-3-4 |
THE SHOPS AT CRYSTALS |
A-3-5 |
THE SHOPS AT CRYSTALS |
A-3-6 |
THE SHOPS AT CRYSTALS |
A-3-7 |
No. 1 – The Shops at Crystals | |||||||
Loan Information | Property Information | ||||||
Mortgage Loan Seller: | Wells Fargo Bank, National Association / Bank of America, N.A. | Single Asset/Portfolio: | Single Asset | ||||
Property Type: | Retail | ||||||
Original Principal Balance(1): | $80,000,000 | Specific Property Type: | Anchored | ||||
Cut-off Date Balance(1): | $80,000,000 | Location: | Las Vegas, NV | ||||
% of Initial Pool Balance: | 9.2% | Size: | 262,327 SF | ||||
Loan Purpose: | Recapitalization | Cut-off Date Balance Per SF(1): | $1,458.87 | ||||
Borrower Name: | The Crystals Las Vegas, LLC | Year Built/Renovated: | 2009/NAP | ||||
Sponsors(2): | Simon Property Group, L.P.; Invesco Advisers Inc. | Title Vesting: | Fee | ||||
Mortgage Rate: | 3.744% | Property Manager: | Self-managed | ||||
Note Date: | June 9, 2016 | 4th Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 90.5% (12/31/2012) | ||||
Anticipated Repayment Date: | NAP | 3rd Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 95.7% (12/31/2013) | ||||
Maturity Date: | July 1, 2026 | 2nd Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 93.8% (12/31/2014) | ||||
IO Period: | 120 months | Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 91.0% (12/31/2015) | ||||
Loan Term (Original): | 120 months | Current Occupancy (As of)(6): | 87.6% (4/21/2016) | ||||
Seasoning: | 1 month | ||||||
Amortization Term (Original): | None | Underwriting and Financial Information: | |||||
Loan Amortization Type: | Interest-only, Balloon | ||||||
Interest Accrual Method: | Actual/360 | 4th Most Recent NOI (As of): | $34,351,614 (12/31/2012) | ||||
Call Protection(3): | L(25),D(88),O(7) | 3rd Most Recent NOI (As of): | $40,054,352 (12/31/2013) | ||||
Lockbox Type: | Hard/Springing Cash Management | 2nd Most Recent NOI (As of): | $43,642,314 (12/31/2014) | ||||
Additional Debt(1)(4): | Yes | Most Recent NOI (As of): | $46,376,811 (12/31/2015) | ||||
Additional Debt Type(1)(4): | Pari Passu and Subordinate Debt | ||||||
U/W Revenues: | $64,805,737 | ||||||
U/W Expenses: | $15,337,868 | ||||||
U/W NOI: | $49,467,869 | ||||||
U/W NCF: | $47,610,240 | ||||||
U/W NOI DSCR(1): | 3.41x | ||||||
Escrows and Reserves(5): | U/W NCF DSCR(1): | 3.28x | |||||
U/W NOI Debt Yield(1): | 12.9% | ||||||
Type: | Initial | Monthly | Cap (If Any) | U/W NCF Debt Yield(1): | 12.4% | ||
Taxes | $0 | Springing | NAP | As-Is Appraised Value: | $1,100,000,000 | ||
Insurance | $0 | Springing | NAP | As-Is Appraisal Valuation Date: | April 26, 2016 | ||
Replacement Reserves | $0 | Springing | $104,931 | Cut-off Date LTV Ratio(1): | 34.8% | ||
TI/LC Reserve | $0 | Springing | $4,440,000 | LTV Ratio at Maturity or ARD(1): | 34.8% | ||
|
|
(1) | The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan (as defined below), which had an original principal balance of $550,000,000, is comprised of The Shops at Crystals Senior Notes (as defined below) totaling $382,700,000 and The Shops at Crystals Subordinate Companion Loans (as defined below) totaling $167,300,000. The non-controlling The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan (as defined below) had an original principal balance of $80,000,000, has an outstanding principal balance of $80,000,000 as of the Cut-off Date and will be contributed to the WFCM 2016-BNK1 Trust. All statistical financial information related to balances per square foot, loan-to-value ratios, debt service coverage ratios and debt yields are based on The Shops at Crystals Senior Notes. The Cut-off Date LTV Ratio, U/W NCF DSCR and U/W NCF DY based on The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan are 50.0%, 2.28x and 8.7%, respectively. |
(2) | See “The Sponsors” section. |
(3) | The defeasance lockout period will be at least 25 payment dates beginning with and including the first payment date of August 1, 2016. Defeasance of The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan is permitted after the date that is the earlier to occur of (i) two years after the closing date of the securitization that includes the last note to be securitized, and (ii) August 1, 2019. The assumed lockout period of 25 payments is based on the expected WFCM 2016-BNK1 Trust closing date in August 2016. |
(4) | See “Subordinate and Mezzanine Indebtedness” section. |
(5) | See “Escrows” section. |
(6) | See “Historical Occupancy” section. |
The Mortgage Loan. The mortgage loan (“The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan”) is part of a whole loan ( “The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan”) evidenced by (i) two tranches of senior loans, each comprised of 11 pari passu notes (“The Shops at Crystals Senior Notes”), and (ii) three subordinate loans, each comprised of three pari passu notes ( “The Shops at Crystals Subordinate Companion Loans”), secured by the fee interest in a luxury shopping center located in Las Vegas, Nevada ( “The Shops at Crystals Property”). The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan was co-originated on June 9, 2016 by Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, Bank of America, N.A. and JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association. The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan had an original principal balance of $550,000,000, has an outstanding principal balance as of the Cut-off Date of $550,000,000 and accrues interest at an interest rate of 3.744% per annum. The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan had an initial term of 120 months, has a remaining term of 119 months as of the Cut-off Date and requires payments of interest only through the term of The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan. The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan matures on July 1, 2026.
A-3-8 |
THE SHOPS AT CRYSTALS |
The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan, evidenced by four notes from each of the two tranches of The Shops at Crystals Senior Notes (Notes A-2-B-2, A-2-B-3, A-3-B-2, A-3-B-3, B-2-B-2, B-2-B-3, B-3-B-2 and B-3-B-3), which will be contributed to the WFCM 2016-BNK1 Trust, had an original principal balance of $80,000,000, has an outstanding principal balance as of the Cut-off Date of $80,000,000 and represents a senior pari passu non-controlling interest in The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan. Six of the senior pari passu notes (three from each of the two tranches of The Shops at Crystals Senior Notes) and The Shops at Crystals Subordinate Companion Loans, which were contributed to the SHOPS 2016-CSTL Trust, had an original aggregate principal balance of $300,000,000 and include Note A-1-A, which represents the controlling interest in The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan. Two notes from The Shops at Crystals Senior Notes (Notes A-1-B-1 and B-1-B-1), which had an original principal balance of $50,000,000, were contributed to the JPMCC 2016-JP2 Trust. Two notes from The Shops at Crystals Senior Notes (Notes A-1-B-2 and B-1-B-2), which had an original principal balance of $50,000,000, are currently held by JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association and are expected to be contributed to the DBJPM 2016-C3 Trust. The remaining non-controlling notes from The Shops at Crystals Senior Notes, which had an aggregate original principal balance of $70,000,000, are currently held by Wells Fargo Bank, National Association and Bank of America, N.A. and are expected to be contributed to future securitization trusts. The lender provides no assurances that any non-securitized notes will not be split further. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans—The Non-Serviced Whole Loan—The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan” in the Preliminary Prospectus.
Following the lockout period, on any date before January 1, 2026, the borrower has the right to defease The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan in whole, but not in part. In addition, The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan is prepayable without penalty on or after January 1, 2026. The lockout period will expire on the earlier to occur of (i) two years after the closing date of the securitization that includes the last note to be securitized and (ii) August 1, 2019.
Sources and Uses
Sources | Uses | |||||||
Original whole loan amount | $550,000,000 | 100.0% | Closing costs | $1,952,902 | 0.4% | |||
Return of equity | 548,047,098 | 99.6 | ||||||
Total Sources | $550,000,000 | 100.0% | Total Uses | $550,000,000 | 100.0% |
The Property. The Shops at Crystals Property consists of the fee interest in an approximately 262,327 square foot, luxury shopping center located in the CityCenter development in the heart of the Las Vegas strip. Developed in 2009, The Shops at Crystals Property is highly visible and easily accessible with 374 feet of frontage along the Strip. The Shops at Crystals Property is attached to the Aria Resort & Casino, accessible via the ARIA Express Tram from the Bellagio Resort & Casino and the Monte Carlo, and adjacent to the Mandarin Oriental, The Cosmopolitan and the Vdara Hotel & Spa. The Shops at Crystals Property also forms the base of the twin, 37-story, 674-unit Veer Towers luxury condominium. CityCenter is an approximately 18 million square foot development and the largest retail district to receive LEED+ Gold Core & Shell certification from the United States Green Building Council. The development is situated on the west side of Las Vegas Boulevard and was developed by MGM Resorts International and Dubai World.
The Shops at Crystals Property features a collection of luxury brands. Tenants occupying 10,000 or more square feet include Louis Vuitton, Gucci, Prada and Tiffany & Co., which collectively comprise approximately 22.6% of the property’s net rentable area. The Shops at Crystals Property also serves, or will serve (in the case of the Hermès expansion), as the Las Vegas flagship location for nine of the tenants (Louis Vuitton, Gucci, Tom Ford, Prada, Roberto Cavalli, Ermenegildo Zegna, Dolce & Gabbana, Tourbillon and Hermès). Approximately 41.7% of 2015 sales and 33.6% of net rentable area comes from investment grade tenants including LVMH (parent company of Bulgari, Celine, Christian Dior, Emilio Pucci, Fendi, Loro Piana, Louis Vuitton and TAG Heuer), Kering (parent
A-3-9 |
THE SHOPS AT CRYSTALS |
company of Yves Saint Laurent, Bottega Veneta, Balenciaga, Gucci and Stella McCartney), JAB Holdings (parent company of Bally and Jimmy Choo), Tiffany & Co. and Luxottica (parent company of Ilori).
As of April 21, 2016, The Shops at Crystals Property was approximately 87.6% leased by 50 tenants (excluding the Hermès expansion space). Hermès has executed a new lease to relocate from its 4,582 square foot space on the first floor to 13,507 square feet of space across two floors, effective December 1, 2017. Inclusive of the second floor expansion space, The Shops at Crystals Property was 88.2% leased as of April 21, 2016. The Shops at Crystals Property reported 2015 aggregate sales of approximately $317.8 million ($1,330 per square foot). Based on underwritten gross rent and 2015 total sales, the 2015 occupancy cost was 19.2%. Total sales per square foot have increased by approximately 9.4% from 2012 to 2015, and net operating income has increased by approximately 35.0% during the same period.
The following table presents certain information relating to the tenancy at The Shops at Crystals Property:
Major Tenants
Tenant Name | Credit Rating (Fitch/Moody’s/ S&P)(1) | Tenant NRSF | % of NRSF | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF | Annual U/W Base Rent(2) | % of Total Annual U/W Base Rent | Sales PSF(3) | Occupancy Cost(3)(4) | Lease Expiration Date |
Major Tenants | |||||||||
Louis Vuitton | NR/NR/A+ | 22,745 | 8.7% | $192.57 | $4,380,010(5) | 9.5% | $2,140 | 9.0% | 12/31/2019 |
Prada | NR/NR/NR | 15,525 | 5.9% | $243.45 | $3,779,524 | 8.2% | $729 | 33.4% | 12/31/2019 |
Ermenegildo Zegna | NR/NR/NR | 9,926 | 3.8% | $277.46 | $2,754,064 | 6.0% | $685 | 40.5% | 12/31/2020 |
Tiffany & Co. | BBB+/Baa2/BBB+ | 10,000 | 3.8% | $220.00 | $2,200,000 | 4.8% | $1,450 | 15.2% | 1/31/2024(6) |
Tom Ford | NR/NR/NR | 7,693 | 2.9% | $275.55 | $2,119,775 | 4.6% | $1,654 | 16.7% | 12/31/2019 |
Gucci | NR/NR/BBB | 10,952 | 4.2% | $166.45 | $1,822,983 | 4.0% | $1,380 | 12.1% | 12/31/2025 |
Total Major Tenants | 76,841 | 29.3% | $221.97 | $17,056,356 | 37.0% | ||||
Non-Major Tenants | 153,068 | 58.4% | $190.04 | $29,089,390 | 63.0% | ||||
Occupied Collateral Total | 229,909 | 87.6% | $200.71 | $46,145,746 | 100.0% | ||||
Vacant Space | 32,418 | 12.4% | |||||||
Collateral Total | 262,327 | 100.0% | |||||||
(1) | Certain ratings are those of the parent company whether or not the parent company guarantees the lease. |
(2) | Annual U/W Base Rent includes contractual rent increases through May 2017 totaling $939,332. |
(3) | Sales PSF and Occupancy Costs are for the trailing 12-month period ending December 31, 2015. |
(4) | Occupancy Costs are calculated based on Annual U/W Base Rent divided by tenant sales. |
(5) | Represents percentage rent in lieu of base rent, based on 2015 sales. |
(6) | Tiffany & Co. has the right to terminate its lease if annual gross sales for 2016 are less than $30.0 million. Tiffany & Co. reported gross sales of approximately $14.5 million for the trailing 12-month period ending December 31, 2015. |
A-3-10 |
THE SHOPS AT CRYSTALS |
The following table presents certain information relating to the historical sales and occupancy costs at The Shops at Crystals Property:
Historical Tenant Sales (PSF) and Occupancy Costs(1)
Historical Tenant Sales (PSF) | Current Occupancy Cost(2) | |||
Tenant Name | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | |
Louis Vuitton | $2,084 | $2,151 | $2,140 | 9.0% |
Prada | $1,102 | $943 | $729 | 33.4% |
Ermenegildo Zegna | $769 | $787 | $685 | 40.5% |
Tiffany & Co. | $1,593 | $1,863 | $1,450 | 15.2% |
Tom Ford | $1,661 | $1,714 | $1,654 | 16.7% |
Gucci | $1,704 | $1,580 | $1,380 | 12.1% |
Tenants <10,000 Square Feet | ||||
Comparable Sales PSF | $1,110 | $1,277 | $1,270 | |
Occupancy Cost(2) | 20.1% | 20.3% | 19.9% | |
Tenants >10,000 Square Feet | ||||
Comparable Sales PSF | $1,673 | $1,680 | $1,513 | |
Occupancy Cost(2) | 13.5% | 14.1% | 17.0% | |
All Tenants | ||||
Comparable Sales PSF | $1,246 | $1,378 | $1,279 | |
Occupancy Cost(2) | 18.2% | 18.6% | 19.2% | |
(1) | Historical Tenant Sales (PSF) and Occupancy Costs obtained from the underwritten rent roll. |
(2) | Occupancy Costs are based on underwritten rent divided by tenant sales for the given year. |
The following table presents certain information relating to the lease rollover schedule at The Shops at Crystals Property:
Lease Expiration Schedule(1)(2)
Year Ending December 31, | No. of Leases Expiring | Expiring NRSF | % of Total NRSF | Cumulative Expiring NRSF | Cumulative % of Total NRSF | Annual U/W Base Rent | % of Total Annual U/W Base Rent | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF(3) |
MTM | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2016 | 1 | 1,949 | 0.7% | 1,949 | 0.7% | $104,775 | 0.2% | $53.76 |
2017 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 1,949 | 0.7% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2018 | 5 | 12,359 | 4.7% | 14,308 | 5.5% | $2,899,100 | 6.3% | $234.57 |
2019 | 9 | 69,021 | 26.3% | 83,329 | 31.8% | $15,221,420 | 33.0% | $220.53 |
2020(4) | 11 | 45,909 | 17.5% | 129,238 | 49.3% | $10,280,922 | 22.3% | $223.94 |
2021 | 4 | 18,448 | 7.0% | 147,686 | 56.3% | $2,017,846 | 4.4% | $109.38 |
2022 | 3 | 6,560 | 2.5% | 154,246 | 58.8% | $1,709,609 | 3.7% | $260.61 |
2023 | 3 | 9,061 | 3.5% | 163,307 | 62.3% | $2,617,389 | 5.7% | $288.86 |
2024 | 10 | 47,908 | 18.3% | 211,215 | 80.5% | $7,488,292 | 16.2% | $156.31 |
2025 | 1 | 10,952 | 4.2% | 222,167 | 84.7% | $1,822,983 | 4.0% | $166.45 |
2026 | 2 | 3,160 | 1.2% | 225,327 | 85.9% | $800,000 | 1.7% | $253.16 |
Thereafter | 1 | 4,582 | 1.7% | 229,909 | 87.6% | $1,183,409 | 2.6% | $258.27 |
Vacant | 0 | 32,418 | 12.4% | 262,327 | 100.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
Total/Weighted Average | 50 | 262,327 | 100.0% | $46,145,746 | 100.0% | $200.71 |
(1) | Information obtained from the underwritten rent roll. |
(2) | Certain tenants may have lease termination or contraction options that are exercisable prior to the originally stated expiration date of the subject lease and that are not considered in the Lease Expiration Schedule. |
(3) | Weighted Average Annual U/W Base Rent PSF excludes vacant space. |
(4) | Includes a concierge desk for Aria Resort & Casino (250 square feet), which has no Annual U/W Base Rent. |
A-3-11 |
THE SHOPS AT CRYSTALS |
The following table presents historical occupancy percentages at The Shops at Crystals Property:
Historical Occupancy(1)
12/31/2012 | 12/31/2013 | 12/31/2014 | 12/31/2015 | 4/21/2016(2)(3) | ||||
90.5% | 95.7% | 93.8% | 91.0% | 87.6% |
(1) | Information obtained from the underwritten rent roll. |
(2) | Current occupancy includes DSquared2 (2,200 square feet) and Berluti (960 square feet), which have executed leases but are not yet in occupancy. |
(3) | Hermes has executed a new lease to relocate from its current 4,582 square foot space on the first floor to 13,507 square feet of space across two floors, effective December 1, 2017. Inclusive of the second floor expansion space, The Shops at Crystals Property was 88.2% leased as of April 21, 2016. |
Operating History and Underwritten Net Cash Flow. The following table presents certain information relating to the historical operating performance and underwritten net cash flow at The Shops at Crystals Property:
Cash Flow Analysis
2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | U/W | % of U/W Effective Gross Income | U/W $ per SF | ||||||||
Base Rent | $34,796,623 | $40,421,000 | $44,060,423 | $46,579,251 | $46,145,746 | 71.2% | $175.91 | |||||||
Grossed Up Vacant Space | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5,578,700 | 8.6 | 21.27 | |||||||
Total Reimbursables | 17,200,255 | 16,849,275 | 17,624,637 | 17,570,608 | 17,100,944 | 26.4 | 65.19 | |||||||
Other Income | 1,013,823 | 925,597 | 1,148,318 | 1,530,859 | 1,559,047 | 2.4 | 5.94 | |||||||
Less Vacancy & Credit Loss | 39,611 | (95,577) | (187,033) | (477,517) | (5,578,700)(2) | (8.6) | (21.27) | |||||||
Effective Gross Income | $53,050,312 | $58,100,295 | $62,646,345 | $65,203,201 | $64,805,737 | 100.0% | 247.04 | |||||||
Total Operating Expenses | $18,698,698 | $18,045,943 | $19,004,031 | $18,826,390 | $15,337,868 | 23.7% | $58.47 | |||||||
Net Operating Income | $34,351,614(1) | $40,054,352(1) | $43,642,314 | $46,376,811 | $49,467,869 | 76.3% | $188.57 | |||||||
TI/LC | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1,815,657 | 2.8 | 6.92 | |||||||
Capital Expenditures | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 41,972 | 0.1 | 0.16 | |||||||
Net Cash Flow | $34,351,614 | $40,054,352 | $43,642,314 | $46,376,811 | $47,610,240 | 73.5% | $181.49 | |||||||
NOI DSCR(3) | 2.36x | 2.76x | 3.00x | 3.19x | 3.41x | |||||||||
NCF DSCR(3) | 2.36x | 2.76x | 3.00x | 3.19x | 3.28x | |||||||||
NOI DY(3) | 9.0% | 10.5% | 11.4% | 12.1% | 12.9% | |||||||||
NCF DY(3) | 9.0% | 10.5% | 11.4% | 12.1% | 12.4% |
(1) | The increase in Net Operating Income from 2012 to 2013 was due to an increase in occupancy and contractual rent steps. |
(2) | The underwritten economic vacancy is 10.8%. The Shops at Crystals Property was 87.6% physically occupied as of April 21, 2016. |
(3) | Based on The Shops at Crystals Senior Notes totaling $382,700,000. |
Appraisal. As of the appraisal valuation date of April 26, 2016, The Shops at Crystals Property had an “as-is” appraised value of $1,100,000,000.
Environmental Matters. According to the Phase I environmental report dated February 5, 2016, there was no evidence of any recognized environmental conditions at The Shops at Crystals Property.
Market Overview and Competition. The Shops at Crystals Property is situated in the CityCenter development in the heart of the Las Vegas strip. According to the appraisal, the Las Vegas market has rebounded since the financial crisis and retail spending continues to increase as visitor spending becomes more diversified from its historical gaming focus. According to a third party research report, non-gaming revenues have increased from 42.1% of Las Vegas revenues in 1990 to 63.1% in 2015. According to the appraisal, retail spending also reached an all-time high of approximately $42.7 billion in 2015. Retail spending was the third largest non-gaming expenditure after accommodations and food and beverage, at an average of approximately $123 per person for the year. Additionally, Las Vegas experienced a record volume of approximately 42.3 million visitors in 2015, and total 2016 visitations through February 2016 increased from the record level during the same period in 2015 by approximately 3.8%.
A-3-12 |
THE SHOPS AT CRYSTALS |
The following table presents certain information relating to competitive properties for The Shops at Crystals Property:
Competitive Properties(1)
Property | Year Built/ Renovated | Total GLA (SF) | Est. Sales PSF | Occupancy | Distance | Major/Anchor Tenants |
The Shops at Crystals (Subject) | 2009/NAP | 262,327 | $1,279 | 88% | -- | Louis Vuitton, Prada, Ermenegildo Zegna, Tom Ford, Gucci |
Fashion Show Mall | 1981/2003 | 1,890,000 | $900-$1,000 | 93% | 1.3 miles | Macy’s, Dillard’s, Saks Fifth Avenue, Neiman Marcus, Macy’s |
Grand Canal Shoppes | 1999/2007 | 806,000 | $900,$1,100 | 95% | 1.1 miles | Barneys New York, Burberry, Canali, Dooney & Bourke, Armani |
Forum Shops at Caesars | 1992/2004 | 650,000 | $1,500-$1,700 | 100% | 0.8 miles | Apple, Marc Jacobs, Christian Louboutin, Montblanc, Hugo Boss |
Miracle Mile Shops | 2000/2016 | 500,000 | $825-$875 | 94% | Adjacent | H&M, Guess, bebe, BCBG MAXAZRIA, LOFT |
Bellagio Shops | 1998/NAP | NAV | NAV | 100% | 0.3 miles | Bottega Veneta, Fendi, Gucci, Chanel, Valentino, Prada |
(1) | Information obtained from the appraisal and underwritten rent roll. |
The Borrower. The borrower is The Crystals Las Vegas, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and single purpose entity with two independent directors. Legal counsel to the borrower delivered a non-consolidation opinion in connection with the origination of The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan. The nonrecourse carveout guarantors are Simon Property Group, L.P. and ICRE REIT Holdings. The liability of the guarantors under the nonrecourse carve-out provisions in the loan documents is capped at $110.0 million plus reasonable collection costs. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool–Certain Terms of the Mortgage Loans—Non-Recourse Obligations” in the Preliminary Prospectus.
The Sponsors. The loan sponsors are Simon Property Group, L.P. and Invesco Advisors Inc. (“Invesco”). Simon Property Group, L.P. is an affiliate of Simon Property Group, Inc. (“SPG”). SPG was founded in 1960 and is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana. SPG (NYSE: SPG, rated A2/A by Moody’s and S&P) is an S&P 100 company and the largest public real estate company in the world. SPG currently owns or has an interest in 231 retail real estate properties in North America, Europe and Asia comprising 191 million square feet. SPG is also the sponsor of the borrowers under the mortgage loan identified on Annex A-1 as Simon Premium Outlets. Invesco, a Maryland real estate investment trust, is an affiliate of Invesco, Ltd., a publicly traded independent global investment management firm. Simon has sponsored other real estate projects over the last 10 years that have been the subject of mortgage loan defaults, foreclosure proceedings and deeds-in-lieu of foreclosure. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Default History, Bankruptcy Issues and Other Proceedings” in the Preliminary Prospectus.
Escrows. No upfront escrows were collected at origination.
Ongoing reserves for taxes are not required as long as (i) there is no event of default; (ii) no DSCR Reserve Trigger Event (as defined below) exists; and (iii) the borrower (a) pays all taxes prior to the assessment of any late payment penalty and the date that such taxes become delinquent or (b) upon request, provides the lender with satisfactory evidence of such payment of taxes.
Ongoing reserves for insurance are not required as long as (i) no event of default exists and (ii) the borrower provides satisfactory evidence that the property is insured under an acceptable blanket policy.
Ongoing replacement reserves are not required as long as no DSCR Reserve Trigger Event or event of default exists. Following the occurrence and during the continuance of a DSCR Reserve Trigger Event or an event of default, the borrower is required to deposit $4,372 per month ($0.20 per square foot annually) for replacement reserves. The reserve is subject to a cap of $104,931 ($0.40 per square foot).
Ongoing reserves for tenant improvements and leasing commissions (“TI/LC”) are waived in the event that the borrower delivers either (i) a guaranty from the guarantors for all monthly deposits to the TI/LC reserve required by the loan documents with the related liabilities of the guarantors capped at the TI/LC Reserve Cap (as defined below) plus all of the reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses in enforcing such guaranty; or (ii) the borrower delivers a letter of credit in the amount of the TI/LC Reserve Cap, provided that the borrower does not have the right to deliver such guaranty or letter of credit if an event of default is continuing. The guarantors delivered a guaranty of TI/LC reserves on the origination date. In the event that the borrower has not delivered such guaranty or letter of credit, the borrower is required to deposit $185,000 per month (approximately $8.46 per square foot annually) for TI/LC reserves. The TI/LC reserve is subject to a cap of $4,440,000 (“TI/LC Reserve Cap”) (approximately $16.93 per square foot).
A “DSCR Reserve Trigger Event” means the debt service coverage ratio for The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan based on the trailing four calendar quarter period immediately preceding the date of determination is less than 1.60x for two consecutive calendar
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THE SHOPS AT CRYSTALS |
quarters. A DSCR Reserve Trigger Event will be cured upon the debt service coverage ratio for The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan being equal to or greater than 1.60x for two consecutive calendar quarters.
Lockbox and Cash Management. The Shops at Crystal Whole Loan requires a lender-controlled lockbox account, which is already in place, and that the borrower direct tenants to pay their rents directly into such lockbox account. The loan documents also require that all rents received by the borrower or the property manager be deposited into the lockbox account within two business days of receipt. Prior to the occurrence of a Cash Trap Event Period (as defined below), all cash flow is distributed to the borrower. During a Cash Trap Event Period, all cash flow is swept to a lender-controlled cash management account.
A “Cash Trap Event Period” means the occurrence of: (i) an event of default; (ii) any bankruptcy or insolvency action of the borrower, (iii) any bankruptcy or insolvency action of the property manager if the property manager is affiliated with the borrower (provided that the property manager is not replaced within 60 days with a qualified manager); or (iv) the date that the debt service coverage ratio for The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan based on the trailing four calendar quarter period immediately preceding the date of determination is less than 1.30x for two consecutive calendar quarters (a “DSCR Trigger Event”).
A Cash Trap Event Period may be cured (a) if the Cash Trap Event Period is caused solely by the occurrence of a DSCR Trigger Event, the achievement of a debt service coverage ratio of 1.30x or greater for two consecutive calendar quarters based upon the trailing four calendar quarter period immediately preceding the date of determination; (b) if the Cash Trap Event Period is caused solely by clause (i) above, by the acceptance of the lender of a cure of such event of default, provided that the lender has not accelerated the loan, moved for a receiver or commenced foreclosure proceedings; or (c) if the Cash Trap Event Period is caused solely by clause (iii) above, if the borrower replaces the property manager or such bankruptcy or insolvency action is discharged or dismissed without any adverse consequences to the property or the loan. The cures in this paragraph are also subject to the following conditions: (i) no event of default shall have occurred and be continuing; (ii) the borrower pays all of the lender’s reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with curing such Cash Trap Event Period including reasonable attorney’s fees and expenses; and (iii) the borrower may not cure a Cash Trap Event Period (x) more than a total of five times in the aggregate during the term of the loan or (y) triggered by a bankruptcy or insolvency action of the borrower.
Property Management. The Shops at Crystals Property is managed by an affiliate of the borrower.
Assumption. The borrower has the right to transfer The Shops at Crystals Property provided that certain conditions are satisfied, including (i) no event of default has occurred and is continuing; (ii) in the event that in connection with such transfer, the manager will not thereafter continue to manage The Shops at Crystals Property, then a replacement management agreement with a qualified manager must be executed acceptable to lender; (iii) the transferee must not have been a party to any bankruptcy action within the previous seven years and there is no material litigation or regulatory action pending against the transferee unreasonable to lender; and (iv) the transferee is a qualified transferee meeting the requirements set forth in the loan documents or the lender receives rating agency confirmation that the sale and assumption will not result in a downgrade, withdrawal or qualification of the respective ratings assigned to the Series 2016-BNK1 certificates and similar confirmations from each rating agency rating any securities backed by any of The Shops at Crystals Companion Loans with respect to the ratings of such securities.
Partial Release. Not permitted.
Real Estate Substitution. Not permitted.
Subordinate and Mezzanine Indebtedness. The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan includes three subordinate loans, each comprised of three pari passu notes, with an aggregate original principal balance of $167,300,000 that were contributed to the SHOPS 2016-CSTL transaction. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool – The Whole Loan – The Non-Serviced Whole Loan – The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan” in the Preliminary Prospectus.
Ground Lease. None.
Terrorism Insurance. The loan documents require that the “all risk” insurance policy required to be maintained by the borrower provide coverage for terrorism in an amount equal to the full replacement cost of The Shops at Crystals Property. The loan documents also require business interruption insurance covering no less than the 24-month period following the occurrence of a casualty event, together with a 365-day extended period of indemnity. Should the policy contain an exclusion for acts of terrorism, the loan documents require the borrower to obtain to the extent available a stand-alone policy providing the same coverage as previously in place prior to the exclusion, with a premium cap of two times the then current annual insurance premiums for the policy insuring The Shops at Crystals Property only (excluding the wind and flood components of the premiums) on a stand-alone basis, with a deductible no greater than $5,000,000.
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A-3-16 |
VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS HQ
A-3-17 |
VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS HQ
A-3-18 |
VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS HQ
A-3-19 |
No. 2 – Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ | ||||||||
Loan Information | Property Information | |||||||
Mortgage Loan Seller: | Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC | Single Asset/Portfolio: | Single Asset | |||||
Property Type: | Office | |||||||
Original Principal Balance(1): | $80,000,000 | Specific Property Type: | CBD | |||||
Cut-off Date Balance(1): | $80,000,000 | Location: | Boston, MA | |||||
% of Initial Pool Balance: | 9.2% | Size: | 1,133,723 SF | |||||
Loan Purpose: | Refinance | Cut-off Date Balance Per SF(1): | $374.87 | |||||
Borrower Name: | SNH Seaport LLC | Year Built/Renovated: | 2013/NAP | |||||
Sponsor: | Senior Housing Properties Trust | Title Vesting: | Fee | |||||
Mortgage Rate(2): | 2.79817647% | Property Manager: | The RMR Group LLC | |||||
Note Date: | July 15, 2016 | 4th Most Recent Occupancy(6): | NAV | |||||
Anticipated Repayment Date: | August 6, 2026 | 3rd Most Recent Occupancy(6): | NAV | |||||
Maturity Date: | November 6, 2028 | 2nd Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 100.0% (12/31/2014) | |||||
IO Period: | 120 months | Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 99.6% (12/31/2015) | |||||
Loan Term (Original): | 120 months | Current Occupancy (As of): | 99.9% (4/30/2016) | |||||
Seasoning: | 0 months | |||||||
Amortization Term (Original): | NAP | Underwriting and Financial Information: | ||||||
Loan Amortization Type(2): | Interest-only, ARD | |||||||
Interest Accrual Method: | Actual/360 | 4th Most Recent NOI(7): | NAV | |||||
Call Protection(3): | L(24),GRTR 0.5% or YM or D(89),O(7) | 3rd Most Recent NOI(7): | NAV | |||||
Lockbox Type: | Hard/Springing Cash Management | 2nd Most Recent NOI (As of)(7): | $43,928,033 (12/31/2014) | |||||
Additional Debt(1)(4): | Yes | Most Recent NOI (As of)(7): | $70,924,928 (12/31/2015) | |||||
Additional Debt Type(1)(4): | Pari Passu; Mezzanine | |||||||
U/W Revenues: | $93,423,532 | |||||||
U/W Expenses: | $17,361,124 | |||||||
U/W NOI(7): | $76,062,408 | |||||||
U/W NCF(7): | $75,778,977 | |||||||
U/W NOI DSCR(1): | 6.31x | |||||||
Escrows and Reserves(5): | U/W NCF DSCR(1): | 6.28x | ||||||
U/W NOI Debt Yield(1): | 17.9% | |||||||
Type: | Initial | Monthly | Cap (If Any) | U/W NCF Debt Yield(1): | 17.8% | |||
Taxes | $0 | Springing | NAP | As-Is Appraised Value: | $1,198,000,000 | |||
Insurance | $0 | Springing | NAP | As-Is Appraisal Valuation Date: | June 3, 2016 | |||
Replacement Reserve | $0 | $0 | NAP | Cut-off Date LTV Ratio(1): | 35.5% | |||
TI/LC Reserve | $0 | $0 | NAP | LTV Ratio at Maturity or ARD(1): | 35.5% | |||
(1) | The Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan (as defined below), with an original principal balance of $425,000,000, is comprised of nine pari passu senior notes. The controlling Note A-1 had an original principal balance of $80,000,000, has an outstanding principal balance of $80,000,000 as of the Cut-off Date and will be contributed to the WFCM 2016-BNK1 Trust. The remaining eight non-controlling notes, which had an aggregate original principal balance of $345,000,000, are expected to be contributed to future trusts. All statistical information related to balances per square foot, loan-to-value ratios, debt service coverage ratios and debt yields are based on the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan. The Cut-off Date LTV Ratio, U/W NCF DSCR, U/W NOI DSCR, U/W NCF Debt Yield and U/W NOI Debt Yield based on the combined Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan and Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Mezzanine Loan (as defined under “Subordinate and Mezzanine Indebtedness” section) aggregate principal amount of $620.0 million are 51.8%, 3.42x, 3.43x, 12.2% and 12.3%, respectively (based on the initial interest rates under the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan and Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Mezzanine Loan). |
(2) | The interest rate will increase to the Adjusted Interest Rate (as defined below) after the ARD as described below under “The Mortgage Loan”. Interest at the Adjusted Interest Rate is payable currently. After the ARD and provided no event of default has occurred and is continuing under the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan documents, all excess cash flow with respect to the Mortgaged Property is required to be applied to prepay the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan and the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Mezzanine Loan on a pro rata basis. Such excess cash flow is paid after payment of interest on the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan, including interest at the Adjusted Interest Rate, and (unless there is an event of default under the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan) interest on the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Mezzanine Loan at the Mezzanine Adjusted Interest Rate (as defined below under “Subordinate and Mezzanine Indebtedness”). |
(3) | The defeasance lockout period will be at least 24 payment dates beginning with and including the first payment date of September 6, 2016. Prepayment with payment of a prepayment fee equal to the greater of 0.5% or the yield maintenance premium is permitted after August 6, 2018. Defeasance of the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan is permitted on or after the date that is the earlier to occur of (i) two years after the closing date of the securitization that includes the last note to be securitized, and (ii) January 15, 2020. The assumed lockout period of 24 payments is based on the expected WFCM 2016-BNK1 Trust closing date in August 2016. |
(4) | See “Subordinate and Mezzanine Indebtedness” section. |
(5) | See “Escrows” section. |
(6) | See “Historical Occupancy” section. |
(7) | See “Cash Flow Analysis” section. |
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VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS HQ
The Mortgage Loan. The mortgage loan (the “Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Mortgage Loan”) is part of a whole loan (the “Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan”) that is evidenced by nine pari passu senior promissory notes secured by a first lien mortgage encumbering an office complex located in Boston, Massachusetts (the “Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Property”). The Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan was co-originated on July 15, 2016 by Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A. and Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp. The Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan had an original principal balance of $425,000,000, has an outstanding principal balance as of the Cut-off Date of $425,000,000 and accrues interest at an interest rate of 2.79817647% per annum (the “Initial Interest Rate”). The Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan had an initial term of 120 months, has a remaining term of 120 months as of the Cut-off Date and requires interest-only payments through the anticipated repayment date (“ARD”). The ARD is August 6, 2026 and the final maturity date is November 6, 2028. In the event the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan is not repaid in full on or before the ARD, the interest rate will increase to a rate equal to the sum of (1) the Initial Interest Rate, plus (2) the product of (A) the quotient of (x) the Initial Interest Rate divided by (y) 3.530%, multiplied by (B) the difference between (x) the Aggregate Extended Interest Rate (as defined below), minus (y) 3.530% (the “Adjusted Interest Rate”). The Aggregate Extended Interest Rate is equal to the greater of (i) 6.530% or (ii) the sum of (1) the then effective U.S. swap rate for a swap terminating on the then effective maturity date plus (2) five percent (5.000%). All interest, including interest accrued at the excess of the Adjusted Interest Rate over the Initial Interest Rate is required to be paid currently on each monthly payment date through the final maturity date. If the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan is not repaid in full on or prior to the ARD, from and after the occurrence of the ARD and provided no event of default under the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan has occurred and is continuing, all excess cash flow is required to be applied to repay the principal balance of the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan and Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Mezzanine Loan (as defined below) on a pro rata basis, based on their respective principal balances. Such excess cash flow is paid only after payment of interest on the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan, including interest at the Adjusted Interest Rate, and (unless there is an event of default under the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan) interest on the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Mezzanine Loan at the Mezzanine Adjusted Interest Rate (as defined below under “Subordinate and Mezzanine Indebtedness”). See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Certain Terms of the Mortgage Loans—ARD Loans” and “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans—The Serviced Pari Passu Whole Loans—The Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan” in the Preliminary Prospectus.
The Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Mortgage Loan, evidenced by the controlling Note A-1, which will be contributed to the WFCM 2016-BNK1 Trust, had an original principal balance of $80,000,000 and has an outstanding principal balance as of the Cut-off Date of $80,000,000. The remaining non-controlling notes (the “Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Companion Loans”), which had an aggregate original principal balance of $345,000,000, are expected to be contributed to future trusts. The lender provides no assurances that any non-securitized notes will not be split further.
Note Summary
Notes | Original Balance | Note Holder(1) | Controlling Interest | |
A-1 | $80,000,000 | WFCM 2016-BNK1 | Yes | |
A-2-1, A-2-2, A-2-3, A-3, A-4 | $217,500,000 | MSBNA | No | |
A-5, A-6, A-7 | $127,500,000 | CGMRC | No | |
Total | $425,000,000 |
(1) | MSBNA – “Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A.”; CGMRC – “Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp.” |
Following the lockout period, the borrower has the right to defease the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan in whole, but not in part, on any date before February 6, 2026. The borrower has the right to prepay the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan in whole, but not in part, with payment of the greater of 0.5% of the outstanding principal balance and the yield maintenance premium after August 6, 2018. In addition, the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan is prepayable without penalty on or after February 6, 2026. In connection with any such prepayment, the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Mezzanine Loan is required to also be prepaid in full. The defeasance lockout period will expire on the earlier to occur of (i) two years after the closing date of the securitization that includes the last note to be securitized and (ii) January 15, 2020.
A-3-21 |
VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS HQ
Sources and Uses
Sources | Uses | |||||||
Original mortgage loan amount | $425,000,000 | 68.5% | Return of equity(1) | $616,022,218 | 99.4% | |||
Mezzanine loan | 195,000,000 | 31.5 | Closing costs | 3,977,782 | 0.6 | |||
Total Sources | $620,000,000 | 100.0% | Total Uses | $620,000,000 | 100.0% |
(1) | The sponsor, Senior Housing Properties Trust, acquired the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Property in 2014 for a purchase price of $1,125,420,000 in part by using proceeds from its unsecured revolving credit facility. The sponsor has informed the lender that it expects to use proceeds of the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan to repay a portion of the outstanding borrowings under the unsecured revolving credit facility and for general business purposes. Following the repayment, there will be approximately $900.0 million available under the sponsor’s unsecured revolving credit facility. |
The Property. The Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Property consists of the fee interest in a two-building, 15-story, class A headquarters office complex totaling 1,133,723 square feet, located in the master-planned Fan Pier mixed use development in the Seaport District of Boston, Massachusetts. The Fan Pier development is a live-work-play development that features over 3.0 million square feet of office, retail, hotel and residential buildings, multiple public parks, restaurants, access to Boston’s HarborWalk and the Institute of Contemporary Art. The Fan Pier development also features the Fan Pier Marina, a professionally managed, six-acre marina with deep-water access, as well as water taxi access to Logan International Airport. The Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Property features floor plates of approximately 40,000 square feet on the lab floors (floors 2-8) and floor plates of approximately 28,000 square feet on the office floors (floors 9-15). The Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Property features flexible floor plates that can accommodate full floor or multi-tenant users, laboratory and research space, floor to ceiling glass exteriors and exterior signage. Both buildings that comprise the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Property, 11 Fan Pier Boulevard and 50 Northern Avenue, have achieved LEED Gold certification. The two buildings that comprise the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Property are connected via a skybridge between the 5th and 6th floors. Parking at the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Property is provided by a 3-level, 740-space subterranean parking garage, resulting in a parking ratio of 0.65 spaces per 1,000 square feet of net rentable area. As of April 30, 2016, the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Property was 99.9% leased to ten tenants.
The Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Property was constructed in 2013 as a built-to-suit headquarters for Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated (“Vertex Pharmaceuticals”), which leases 100.0% of the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Property’s office, lab, storage and mechanical space. The sponsor invested approximately $161.6 million ($149.30 per square foot) for Vertex Pharmaceuticals’ initial tenant improvement allowance. In addition, Vertex Pharmaceuticals subsequently invested a reported $75.0 million ($69.29 per square foot) to convert the lower floors of the towers to lab space. Vertex Pharmaceuticals’ leases run through December 31, 2028, each with one, ten-year extension option at fair market rent remaining. Vertex Pharmaceuticals is focused on developing and commercializing therapies for the treatment of cystic fibrosis and currently has two marketed medicines to treat cystic fibrosis: ORKAMBI and KALYDECO. ORKAMBI was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) in July 2015 and the European Commission in November 2015 for the treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis twelve years of age and older. KALYDECO was approved in 2012 by the FDA and European Commission as a treatment for patients with cystic fibrosis six years of age and older. In addition, Vertex Pharmaceuticals has other development programs in the field of cystic fibrosis, as well as other early- and mid-stage development programs in the areas of oncology, pain and neurology.
The Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Property features 49,906 square feet of ground floor retail and associated storage space leased to a variety of tenants, including Frank Anthony’s, a gourmet market and specialty grocer, Babbo Pizzeria, an Italian restaurant and pizzeria, b.good, a health-conscious fast-food chain restaurant, Leader Bank, a retail bank branch, Starbucks and Bright Horizons Children’s Center, a daycare and preschool.
Below is a summary of Vertex Pharmaceuticals’ occupied space at the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Property.
Vertex Pharmaceuticals Leased Space(1)
Building | Office NRSF | Lab NRSF | Mechanical NRSF | Storage NRSF | Total Vertex Leased NRSF |
50 Northern Avenue | 211,685 | 253,800 | 87,752 | 2,868 | 556,105 |
11 Fan Pier Boulevard | 217,462 | 222,870 | 76,984 | 8,996 | 526,312 |
Total | 429,147 | 476,670 | 164,736 | 11,864 | 1,082,417 |
(1) | Included in Vertex Pharmaceuticals’ net rentable square feet is approximately 164,736 square feet of mechanical space located on the eighth floor and penthouse areas. According to the appraisal, it is a market standard that lab tenants pay full rent for all mechanical areas. Were the subject converted to a multi-tenant office use in the future, the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Property’s net rentable area would most likely be reduced by the amount of the mechanical areas. Vertex Pharmaceuticals currently pays $62.50 per square foot for its office, lab and mechanical space and $25.00 per square foot for its storage space. |
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VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS HQ
The following table presents certain information relating to the tenancy at the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Property:
Major Tenants
Tenant Name | Credit Rating (Fitch/Moody’s/S&P) | Tenant NRSF | % of NRSF | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF(1) | Annual U/W Base Rent(1) | % of Total Annual U/W Base Rent | Lease Expiration Date |
Major Tenant | |||||||
Vertex Pharmaceuticals | NR/NR/NR | 1,082,417 | 95.5% | $67.06 | $72,588,588 | 96.6% | 12/31/2028(2) |
Total Major Tenants | 1,082,417 | 95.5% | $67.06 | $72,588,588 | 96.6% | ||
Non-Major Tenants(3) | 49,906 | 4.4% | $51.44 | $2,567,035 | 3.4% | ||
Occupied Total | 1,132,323 | 99.9% | $66.37 | $75,155,622 | 100.0% | ||
Vacant Space | 1,400 | 0.1% | |||||
Collateral Total | 1,133,723 | 100.0% | |||||
(1) | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF and Annual U/W Base Rent for Vertex Pharmaceuticals include $5,382,425 ($4.97 per square foot) of underwritten rent steps, which represent the straight line rent increases in the Vertex Pharmaceuticals leases through the loan term. In addition, Annual U/W Base Rent PSF and Annual U/W Base Rent include $227,225 ($4.55 per square foot) of underwritten rent steps for Non-Major Tenants. |
(2) | Vertex Pharmaceuticals has one 10-year lease extension option remaining on each of its two leases at fair market rent, each exercisable with 20 months’ written notice. |
(3) | Non-Major Tenants are comprised of first floor retail space tenants, and include 7,300 square feet (0.6% of net rentable area) master leased by an affiliate of the original developer of the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Property to an affiliate of the borrower, which represents approximately 0.7% of Annual U/W Base Rent. |
The following table presents certain information relating to the lease rollover schedule at the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Property:
Lease Expiration Schedule(1)(2)
Year Ending December 31, | No. of Leases Expiring | Expiring NRSF | % of Total NRSF | Cumulative Expiring NRSF | Cumulative % of Total NRSF | Annual U/W Base Rent | % of Total Annual U/W Base Rent | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF(3) |
MTM | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2016 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2017 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2018 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2019 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2020 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2021 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2022 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2023 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2024 | 2 | 8,793 | 0.8% | 8,793 | 0.8% | $548,470 | 0.7% | $62.38 |
2025 | 4 | 14,047 | 1.2% | 22,840 | 2.0% | $705,607 | 0.9% | $50.23 |
2026 | 1 | 2,746 | 0.2% | 25,586 | 2.3% | $151,030 | 0.2% | $55.00 |
Thereafter | 2 | 1,106,737 | 97.6% | 1,132,323 | 99.9% | $73,750,515 | 98.1% | $66.64 |
Vacant | 0 | 1,400 | 0.1% | 1,133,723 | 100.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
Total/Weighted Average | 9 | 1,133,723 | 100.0% | $75,155,622 | 100.0% | $66.37 |
(1) | Information obtained from the underwritten rent roll. |
(2) | Certain tenants may have lease termination or contraction options that are exercisable prior to the originally stated expiration date of the subject lease and that are not considered in the Lease Expiration Schedule. |
(3) | Weighted Average Annual U/W Base Rent PSF excludes vacant space. |
The following table presents historical occupancy percentages at the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Property:
Historical Occupancy
12/31/2012(1) | 12/31/2013(1) | 12/31/2014(2) | 12/31/2015(2) | 4/30/2016(3) |
NAV | NAV | 100.0% | 99.6% | 99.9% |
(1) | The Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Property was constructed in 2013 and as such, historical occupancy prior to 2014 is not available. |
(2) | Information obtained from the borrower. Historical occupancy includes vacant retail space that was master leased to an affiliate of the borrower, comprising 23,723 square feet as of 12/31/2014 and 10,046 square feet as of 12/31/2015. |
(3) | Information obtained from the underwritten rent roll. Includes 7,300 square feet (0.6% of the net rentable area) of vacant retail space that is master leased to an affiliate of the borrower. |
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VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS HQ
Operating History and Underwritten Net Cash Flow. The following table presents certain information relating to the historical operating performance and the underwritten net cash flow at the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Property:
Cash Flow Analysis(1)
2014 | 2015 | U/W | % of U/W Effective Gross Income | U/W $ per SF | ||||||
Base Rent | $43,822,419 | (2) | $68,315,712 | (2) | $75,155,622 | (2) | 80.4% | $66.29 | ||
Grossed Up Vacant Space | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | |||||
Total Reimbursables(3) | 8,044,479 | 15,865,672 | 16,894,457 | 18.1 | 14.90 | |||||
Parking Income | 2,194,452 | 3,998,740 | 3,710,112 | 4.0 | 3.27 | |||||
Less Vacancy & Credit Loss | 0 | 0 | (2,336,660) | (4) | (2.5) | (2.06) | ||||
Effective Gross Income | $54,061,350 | $88,180,123 | $93,423,532 | 100.0% | $82.40 | |||||
Total Operating Expenses | $10,133,318 | $17,255,195 | $17,361,124 | 18.6% | $15.31 | |||||
Net Operating Income | $43,928,033 | $70,924,928 | $76,062,408 | 81.4% | $67.09 | |||||
TI/LC | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | |||||
Capital Expenditures | 0 | 0 | 283,431 | 0.3 | 0.25 | |||||
Net Cash Flow | $43,928,033 | $70,924,928 | $75,778,977 | 81.1% | $66.84 | |||||
NOI DSCR(5) | 3.64x | 5.88x | 6.31x | |||||||
NCF DSCR(5) | 3.64x | 5.88x | 6.28x | |||||||
NOI DY(5) | 10.3% | 16.7% | 17.9% | |||||||
NCF DY(5) | 10.3% | 16.7% | 17.8% |
(1) | The Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Property was constructed in 2013 and as such, historical financials prior to 2014 are not available. |
(2) | The increase in 2015 Base Rent over 2014 Base Rent is due primarily to Vertex Pharmaceuticals not being in full occupancy of and paying rent for all of its space until the end of 2014. The increase in U/W Base Rent over 2015 Base Rent is primarily due to underwritten rent steps of $5,382,425 ($4.97 per square foot), which represent the straight line rent increases in the Vertex Pharmaceuticals lease through the loan term, and $227,225 ($4.55 per square foot) of underwritten rent steps through May 2017 for non-major tenants. U/W Base Rent includes $524,323 (0.7% of total U/W Base Rent) of rent attributable to the master lease. |
(3) | Total Reimbursables include, among other things, reimbursements for real estate taxes. Vertex Pharmaceuticals currently benefits from a tax increment financing program (the “TIF Program”), which expires June 30, 2018. The TIF Program may be revoked or reduced prior to such expiration date if Vertex does not satisfy certain employment expansion obligations. The TIF Program has been estimated to provide a tax savings to Vertex Pharmaceuticals of approximately $9,000,000 from its inception in 2011 to its anticipated expiration date. U/W Net Cash Flow assumes full real estate taxes are due and are fully reimbursed by Vertex Pharmaceuticals. |
(4) | The underwritten economic vacancy is 2.5%. As of April 30, 2016, the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Property was 99.9% leased. |
(5) | The debt service coverage ratios and debt yields are based on the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan and the Initial Interest Rate. |
Appraisal. As of the appraisal valuation date of June 3, 2016, the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Property had an “as-is” appraised value of $1,198,000,000.
Environmental Matters. The Phase I environmental site assessment dated June 10, 2016 reported that the groundwater beneath the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Property exceeded the United States Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) National Pollution Discharge Elimination System limits for certain metals (cyanide, antimony, copper, lead, iron, and zinc). There is currently an installed groundwater treatment system designed to manage the condition per EPA guidance and as such, the condition is considered a controlled recognized environmental condition. In the event that the guarantor does not have a long-term unsecured debt rating of at least “BBB-” by Fitch and S&P and “Baa3” by Moody’s, the borrower is required to obtain an environmental impairment liability insurance policy as described in (and subject to the limitations described in) the Preliminary Prospectus under “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Environmental Considerations.”
Market Overview and Competition. The Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Property is located in the Seaport District of downtown Boston, Massachusetts overlooking Boston Harbor. The Seaport District has benefitted from infrastructure improvements stemming from the completion of Boston’s decades-long “Big Dig” project that concluded in 2007. The Big Dig project converted Interstate 93 from an elevated highway to an underground tunnel through the Boston central business district, and included the construction of the Ted Williams Tunnel which connects Interstate 90 to Logan International under the Seaport District and Boston Harbor. With the conversion of Interstate 93 to an underground tunnel, access from the Boston central business district over the Fort Point Channel to the Seaport District was improved. The Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Property benefits from easy access to mass transit, located a block from the Silver Line Courthouse T Station, an approximately 15 minute walk from South Station, and an approximately 10 minute drive from Boston Logan Airport. Attractions in the Seaport District include the Boston Convention and Exhibition Center, the Seaport Boston Hotel & World Trade Center, the Institute of Contemporary Art/Boston and the Blue Hills Bank Pavilion amphitheater.
According to the appraisal, the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Property is located in the Seaport office submarket, which contains 8.7 million square feet of office space, and is part of the greater Boston central business district office market, which includes 66.6 million square feet of office space, as of the first quarter 2016. Recent corporate relocations to the Seaport office submarket include PricewaterhouseCoopers, which executed a 333,000 square foot lease for and relocated over 2,500 employees to its recently completed building in Seaport Square; Goodwin Procter LLP, which committed to a large built-to-suit office project totaling 378,000 square feet that is anticipated to bring over 800 employees to the submarket; and General Electric, which announced plans to move its corporate headquarters from Connecticut to the Seaport District in Boston and plans to relocate approximately 800 jobs to the area. According to the appraisal, as of the fourth quarter 2015, the Seaport office submarket exhibited a vacancy rate of 6.4% with asking class A rents of $63.47 per square foot on a triple net basis, compared to a vacancy rate of 8.4% and asking class A rents of $58.58 per square foot on a triple net basis for the central business district office market as a whole.
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VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS HQ
The following table presents certain information relating to comparable office leases for the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Property:
Comparable Leases(1)
Property Name/Location | Year Built | Total GLA (SF) | Total Occupancy | Distance from Subject | Tenant Name | Lease Date/Term | Lease Area (SF) | Annual Base Rent PSF | Lease Type |
Pier IV Boston, MA | 2018 | 376,555 | NAV | 0.2 miles | Confidential | July 2018 / 15.5 Yrs | 200,000 | $50.00 | NNN |
675 West Kendall Street Cambridge, MA | 2004 | 302,919 | 100% | 2.3 miles | Alnylam Pharmaceuticals | May 2018 / 15.0 Yrs | 295,000 | $67.00 | NNN |
60 Binney Street Cambridge, MA | 2016 | 530,478 | 98% | 2.3 miles | Bluebird Bio | Jan. 2017 / 10.3 Yrs | 267,278 | $72.50 | NNN |
320 Bent Street Cambridge, MA | 2001 | 184,405 | 100% | 2.8 miles | Momenta Pharmaceuticals | Sept. 2016 / 10.0 Yrs | 105,000 | $68.00 | NNN |
100-110 Northern Avenue Boston, MA | 2016 | 516,000 | 64% | 0.2 miles | Goodwin Procter | July 2016 / 16.5 Yrs | 378,000 | $53.00 | NNN |
125 High Street Boston, MA | 1990 | 980,347 | 86% | 0.4 miles | Wells Fargo | Jan. 2016 / 15.0 Yrs | 150,816 | $37.00 | NNN |
101 Seaport Boulevard Boston, MA | 2015 | 439,058 | 92% | 0.1 miles | PwC | Nov. 2015 / 15.0 Yrs | 333,000 | $39.00 | NNN |
(1) | Information obtained from the appraisal. |
The Borrower. The borrower is SNH Seaport LLC, a single purpose Delaware limited liability company entity with two independent directors. Legal counsel to the borrower delivered a non-consolidation opinion in connection with the origination of the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan. Senior Housing Properties Trust is the guarantor of certain nonrecourse carveouts under the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan.
The Sponsor. The sponsor is Senior Housing Properties Trust, a publicly traded REIT, which owns independent living and assisted living communities, continuing care retirement communities, nursing homes, wellness centers and medical office, clinic and biotech laboratory buildings located throughout the United States, with a focus on owning triple net leased properties. As of March 31, 2016, Senior Housing Properties Trust owned 428 properties in 43 states and Washington, D.C.
Escrows. No upfront reserves were required with respect to the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan.
During the continuance of a Cash Management Sweep Period (as defined below), the borrower is required to deposit on each monthly payment date (i) an amount equal to one-twelfth of the taxes the lender estimates will be payable in the next 12 months and (ii) an amount equal to one-twelfth of the insurance premiums the lender estimates will be payable in the next 12 months; provided that the requirement to deposit insurance premiums will be suspended if the borrower provides satisfactory evidence to the lender that the insurance coverage required by the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan documents is being provided under acceptable blanket insurance policies and the insurance premiums for such policies have been prepaid for not less than one year in advance (or for policies delivered at loan origination, such shorter period as such policies are in effect).
During the continuance of a Cash Management Sweep Period, all excess cash flow, after payment of interest on the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan and, unless there is an event of default under the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan, interest on the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Mezzanine Loan (including interest at the Mezzanine Adjusted Interest Rate), required reserve deposits and approved operating expenses, is required to be deposited into and held in a cash trap subaccount (the “Cash Trap Funds”); provided, that during a Cash Management Sweep Period resulting solely from the occurrence of a Vertex Lease Event (as defined below), all Cash Trap Funds in excess of $75.0 million are required to be released to the borrower. In addition, during a Cash Management Sweep Period resulting solely from the occurrence of a Vertex Lease Event, the borrower may obtain a release of the Cash Trap Funds upon delivery to the lender of either (i) a letter of credit meeting the requirements of the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan documents, or (ii) in the event that the guarantor, Senior Housing Properties Trust, possesses a long-term unsecured debt rating of at least “BBB-” by Fitch and S&P and “Baa3” by Moody’s, an additional guaranty, in each case, in an amount equal to the portion of the Cash Trap Funds requested to be released; provided that the right to provide an additional guaranty is conditioned upon the borrower delivering a new non-consolidation opinion and such other legal opinions as may be reasonably requested by lender in connection with the additional guaranty. Following the ARD, provided no event of default is continuing under the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan, Cash Trap Funds are required to be applied to prepay the principal of the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan and the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Mezzanine Loan (see “Subordinate and Mezzanine Indebtedness” section), pro rata, based on their respective outstanding principal balances.
Lockbox and Cash Management. The Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan is structured with a lender-controlled lockbox, which is already in place. The Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan documents require the borrower to direct all tenants to pay rent directly into such lockbox account, and also require that all rents received by the borrower or the property manager be deposited into the lockbox account within one business day of receipt. Prior to the occurrence of a Cash Management Sweep Period, all funds in the lockbox account are distributed to the borrower. During a Cash Management Sweep Period, all funds in the lockbox account are swept to a lender-controlled cash management account and applied as provided in the loan documents.
A “Cash Management Sweep Period” means a period:
(a) commencing upon an event of default under the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan documents and ending at such time as such event of default has been cured;
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VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS HQ
(b) commencing upon an event of default under the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Mezzanine Loan and ending at such time as such event of default has been cured;
(c) commencing upon a Vertex Lease Event and ending at such time as (i) no monetary or material non-monetary defaults or breaches by Vertex Pharmaceuticals exist under the Vertex Pharmaceuticals lease, or (ii) the borrower enters into one or more replacement leases with tenants reasonably approved by the lender, which new leases result in a combined debt yield on the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan and the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Mezzanine Loan (the “Vertex Combined Debt Yield”) of at least 10% for two consecutive calendar quarters (a “Vertex Re-Leasing Event”) tested as of the end of each calendar quarter;
(d) commencing when, as of the last day of any calendar quarter from and after a Vertex Re-Leasing Event, the Vertex Combined Debt Yield is less than 8.5%, until such time as the Vertex Combined Debt Yield is at least 8.5% for two consecutive calendar quarters; or
(e) commencing from and after the occurrence of the ARD with respect to the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan and ending on the maturity date.
A “Vertex Lease Event” means any monetary or material non-monetary default or breach by Vertex Pharmaceuticals under the lease between the borrower and Vertex Pharmaceuticals (as the same may be amended, modified, supplemented, extended, replaced and/or restated from time to time in accordance with the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan documents) beyond any applicable notice and cure periods contained in such lease.
Property Management. The Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Property is managed by The RMR Group LLC, an affiliate of the borrower.
Assumption. The borrower has the right to transfer the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Property provided that certain conditions are satisfied, inter alia (i) no event of default is continuing; (ii) the transferee is either (x) a qualified transferee as described in the loan documents or (y) another entity reasonably acceptable to the lender (which may be conditioned upon the lender’s receipt of written confirmation from each rating agency rating the Series WFCM 2016-BNK1 Certificates and any securities backed by any Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Companion Loans that such transfer will not result in a downgrade, withdrawal or qualification of the respective ratings assigned to the Series WFCM 2016-BNK1 Certificates and any such securities); (iii) the replacement guarantor is reasonably acceptable to the lender and during the loan term maintains a net worth not less than $500.0 million and liquid assets not less than $25.0 million; and (iv) simultaneously with such transfer there shall be a permitted assumption of the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Mezzanine Loan or the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Mezzanine Loan shall be repaid in full.
Partial Release. Not permitted.
Real Estate Substitution. Not permitted.
Subordinate and Mezzanine Indebtedness. Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC and Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp. have made a $195,000,000 mezzanine loan (the “Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Mezzanine Loan”) to SNH Mez LLC, the sole member of the borrower under the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan, which is currently held by a third party investor. The Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Mezzanine Loan accrues interest at an interest rate of 5.125% (“the Mezzanine Initial Interest Rate”) per annum prior to its anticipated repayment date, accrues interest based on the same formula as the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan (except based on the Mezzanine Initial Interest Rate, rather than the Initial Interest Rate) (the “Mezzanine Adjusted Interest Rate”) on and after its anticipated repayment date, payable currently, and requires payments of interest only until its anticipated repayment date. On and after the ARD, the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Mezzanine Loan is entitled to its pro rata share of Cash Trap Funds as described above under “Escrows”. The Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Mezzanine Loan has the same anticipated repayment date and stated maturity date as the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Whole Loan.
Ground Lease. None.
Terrorism Insurance. The loan documents require that the “all risk” insurance policy required to be maintained by the borrower provides coverage for terrorism in an amount equal to the full replacement cost of the Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ Property. The loan documents also require business interruption insurance covering no less than the 24-month period following the occurrence of a casualty event, together with a 12-month extended period of indemnity.
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Loan Information | Property Information | |||||
Mortgage Loan Seller: | Bank of America, N.A | Single Asset/Portfolio: | Single Asset | |||
Property Type: | Office | |||||
Original Principal Balance(1): | $71,500,000 | Specific Property Type: | CBD | |||
Cut-off Date Balance(1): | $71,387,864 | Location: | Stamford, CT | |||
% of Initial Pool Balance: | 8.2% | Size: | 504,471 SF | |||
Loan Purpose: | Refinance | Cut-off Date Balance Per SF(1): | $217.71 | |||
Borrower Name: | One Stamford Realty L.P. | Year Built/Renovated: | 1973 /2000 | |||
Sponsors(2): | Various | Title Vesting(5): | Fee | |||
Mortgage Rate: | 4.900% | Property Manager: | Self-managed | |||
Note Date: | June 28, 2016 | 4th Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 100.0% (12/31/2012) | |||
Anticipated Repayment Date: | NAP | 3rd Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 100.0% (12/31/2013) | |||
Maturity Date: | July 1, 2026 | 2nd Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 100.0% (12/31/2014) | |||
IO Period: | None | Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 100.0% (12/31/2015) | |||
Loan Term (Original): | 120 months | Current Occupancy (As of): | 100.0% (5/31/2016) | |||
Seasoning: | 1 month | |||||
Amortization Term (Original): | 300 months | Underwriting and Financial Information: | ||||
Loan Amortization Type: | Amortizing, Balloon | |||||
Interest Accrual Method: | Actual/360 | 4th Most Recent NOI (As of): | $14,011,203 (12/31/2013) | |||
Call Protection(3): | L(25),GRTR 1% or YM or D(88),O(7) | 3rd Most Recent NOI (As of): | $14,057,626 (12/31/2014) | |||
Lockbox Type: | Hard/Springing Cash Management | 2nd Most Recent NOI (As of): | $14,083,466 (12/31/2015) | |||
Additional Debt(1): | Yes | Most Recent NOI (As of): | $14,414,125 (TTM 3/31/2016) | |||
Additional Debt Type(1): | Pari Passu | |||||
U/W Revenues: | $21,891,930 | |||||
U/W Expenses: | $8,706,883 | |||||
U/W NOI: | $13,185,047 | |||||
U/W NCF: | $11,825,136 | |||||
U/W NOI DSCR(1): | 1.73x | |||||
Escrows and Reserves(4): | U/W NCF DSCR(1): | 1.55x | ||||
U/W NOI Debt Yield(1): | 12.0% | |||||
Type: | Initial | Monthly | Cap (If Any) | U/W NCF Debt Yield(1): | 10.8% | |
Taxes | $230,359 | $230,359 | NAP | As-Is Appraised Value: | $227,000,000 | |
Insurance | $58,814 | $19,605 | NAP | As-Is Appraisal Valuation Date: | May 2, 2016 | |
Immediate Repair Reserve | $15,188 | $0 | NAP | Cut-off Date LTV Ratio(1): | 48.4% | |
Replacement Reserve | $0 | $0 | NAP | LTV Ratio at Maturity or ARD(1): | 36.1% | |
(1) | The One Stamford Forum Whole Loan (as defined below), which had an original principal balance of $110,000,000, is comprised of two pari passu notes (Notes A-1 and A-2). The controlling Note A-1 had an original balance of $71,500,000, has an outstanding principal balance of $71,387,864 as of the Cut-off Date and will be contributed to the WFCM 2016-BNK1 Trust. The non-controlling Note A-2 had an original principal balance of $38,500,000 and is expected to be contributed to one or more future securitization trusts. All statistical information related to balances per square foot, loan-to-value ratios, debt service coverage ratios and debt yields are based on the One Stamford Forum Whole Loan. |
(2) | See “The Sponsors” section. |
(3) | The defeasance lockout period will be at least 25 payment dates beginning with and including the first payment date of August 1, 2016. Defeasance of the One Stamford Forum Whole Loan is permitted on or after the date that is the earlier to occur of (i) two years after the closing date of the securitization that includes the last note to be securitized, and (ii) August 1, 2020. The assumed lockout period of 25 payments is based on the expected WFCM 2016-BNK1 Trust closing date in August 2016. |
(4) | See “Escrows” section. |
(5) | See “Ground Lease” section. |
The Mortgage Loan. The mortgage loan (the “One Stamford Forum Mortgage Loan”) is a part of a whole loan (the “One Stamford Forum Whole Loan”) that is evidenced by two pari passu promissory notes (Notes A-1 and A-2) secured by a first mortgage encumbering a class A office building located in Stamford, Connecticut (the “One Stamford Forum Property”). The One Stamford Forum Whole Loan was originated on June 28, 2016 by Bank of America, N.A. The One Stamford Forum Whole Loan had an original principal balance of $110,000,000, has an outstanding principal balance as of the Cut-off Date of $109,827,482 and accrues interest at an interest rate of 4.900% per annum. The One Stamford Forum Whole Loan had an initial term of 120 months, has a remaining term of 119 months as of the Cut-off Date and requires principal and interest payments based on a 25-year amortization schedule through the term of the One Stamford Forum Whole Loan. The One Stamford Forum Whole Loan matures on July 1, 2026.
The One Stamford Forum Mortgage Loan is evidenced by the controlling Note A-1, which will be contributed to the WFCM 2016-BNK1 Trust, had an original principal balance of $71,500,000 and has an outstanding principal balance of $71,387,864 as of the Cut-off Date. The non-controlling Note A-2, which had an original principal balance of $38,500,000, referred to herein as the “One Stamford Forum Companion Loan”, is expected to be contributed to one or more future securitization trusts. The lender provides no assurances that any non-securitized pari passu note will not be split further. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans—The Serviced Pari Passu Whole Loans—The One Stamford Forum Whole Loan” in the Preliminary Prospectus.
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ONE STAMFORD FORUM |
Pari Passu Note Summary
Original Balance | Note Holder | Controlling Piece | |
Note A-1 | $71,500,000 | WFCM 2016-BNK1 | Yes |
Note A-2 | $38,500,000 | Bank of America, N.A. | No |
Total | $110,000,000 |
Following the lockout period, the borrower has the right to prepay the One Stamford Forum Whole Loan in whole, but not in part, on any date before or on December 31, 2025 provided that the borrower pays the greater of (i) a prepayment premium equal to 1.0% of the principal amount being prepaid and (ii) the yield maintenance premium, or that the borrower defeases the loan. In addition, the One Stamford Forum Whole Loan is prepayable without penalty after December 31, 2025.
Sources and Uses
Sources | Uses | |||||||
Original Whole Loan Amount | $110,000,000 | 100.0% | Loan Payoff(1) | $106,275,830 | 96.6% | |||
Reserves | 304,361 | 0.3 | ||||||
Closing costs | 1,798,846 | 1.6 | ||||||
Return of equity | 1,620,963 | 1.5 | ||||||
Total Sources | $110,000,000 | 100.0% | Total Uses | $110,000,000 | 100.0% |
(1) | The One Stamford Forum Property was previously securitized in the BACM 2006-3 transaction. |
The Property. The One Stamford Forum Property consists of the fee and leasehold interest in a 13-story, class A office tower totaling 504,471 square feet located in Stamford, Connecticut. Constructed in 1973 and renovated in 2000, the One Stamford Forum Property is situated on a 6.1-acre site. The first three levels of the One Stamford Forum Property house the garage containing 1,103 spaces, the lobby, print shop, a 3,000 square foot fitness center with full locker rooms, a 100-seat auditorium, conference rooms and office and storage space. The next level above (Plaza Level) houses the full-service cafeteria, convenience store, library and additional office space, and also opens out to five acres of outdoor landscaped areas accessible to building tenants. The remaining upper levels contain office space with the top two floors of the building open to one another in the center with a 3,600 square foot atrium open to rooftop skylights. The One Stamford Forum Property was originally built in 1973 as the headquarters for GTE Financial. In 1999, the sponsors purchased the property for $77.0 million and subsequently invested approximately $44.4 million to renovate the property, bringing their cost basis to $124.5 million.
The One Stamford Forum Property has been 100.0% leased since 2006 and is currently 100.0% leased to two tenants, UBS Group AG (“UBS”) and Purdue Pharma L.P. (“Purdue Pharma”), on leases both expiring in December 2020. Purdue Pharma has signed a subsequent lease on the entire building’s square footage beginning January 2021 through June 2031 with a six and a half year lease-renewal option, and as such, the One Stamford Forum Property will remain fully leased without interruption for at least five years beyond the One Stamford Forum Whole Loan term.
UBS leases 337,456 square feet (66.9% of net rentable area) and is not currently occupying its space, however, UBS is continuing its rental obligations and has subleased a total of 330,796 square feet to Purdue Pharma (291,679 square feet), Rockit Solutions (25,075 square feet) and CBRE (14,042 square feet), with 6,660 square feet currently not being utilized. The subleases are coterminous with UBS’ lease. UBS previously had a large presence in Stamford, but in addition to subleasing out its space at the One Stamford Forum Property, UBS has vacated its Stamford headquarters building at 677 Washington Boulevard and relocated to approximately 120,000 square feet at 600 Washington Boulevard.
Purdue Pharma leases 167,015 square feet (33.1% of net rentable area) in addition to the 291,679 square feet it subleases from UBS. Of its subleased space, Purdue Pharma further subleases space to W.J. Deutsch & Sons Ltd (43,563 square feet), Kokino LLC (11,784 square feet), Hillside Capital Incorporated (8,705 square feet) and Brookside Equity Partners (3,704 square feet). The remaining 58,394 square feet that Purdue Pharma subleases are currently not being utilized. Purdue Pharma uses the One Stamford Forum Property as its corporate headquarters. Purdue Pharma is affiliated with the One Stamford Forum Mortgage Loan borrower.
Purdue Pharma is a privately-held pharmaceutical company founded by physicians in 1952 which has grown to approximately 1,500 employees, and engaged in the research, development, production, sales, and licensing of prescription and over-the-counter medicines and hospital products across the following categories: pain and central nervous system, laxatives, antiseptics and dietary supplements. Purdue Pharma is known for pioneering research in pain and introducing medications with abuse-deterrent properties. Purdue Pharma owns or licenses the patents to a number of prescription drugs, most notably OxyContin. OxyContin is an extended-release opioid brand. In 2014, the global opioid market was valued at an estimate $34.9 billion, with North America being the largest market accounting for approximately 65% of revenue share.
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ONE STAMFORD FORUM |
The following table presents certain information relating to the tenancy at the One Stamford Forum Property:
Major Tenants
Tenant Name | Credit Rating (Fitch/Moody’s/ S&P) | Tenant NRSF | % of NRSF | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF | Annual U/W Base Rent | % of Total Annual U/W Base Rent | Lease Expiration Date |
Major Tenants | |||||||
UBS(1) | A/Ba1/A- | 337,456 | 66.9% | $44.47 | $15,005,700 | 67.5% | 12/31/2020 |
Purdue Pharma(2) | NAP/NAP/NAP | 167,015 | 33.1% | $43.26 | $7,224,325 | 32.5% | 12/31/2020(3) |
Occupied Collateral Total | 504,471 | 100.0% | $44.07 | $22,230,025 | 100.0% | ||
Vacant Space | 0 | 0.0% | |||||
Collateral Total | 504,471 | 100.0% | |||||
(1) | UBS does not currently occupy any of its space but continues to pay rent pursuant to its lease. UBS has subleased a total of 330,796 square feet to Purdue Pharma (291,679 square feet), Rockit Solutions (25,075 square feet) and CBRE (14,042 square feet) through the term of its lease. The remaining 6,660 square feet is not subleased by UBS and is currently not being utilized. |
(2) | Purdue Pharma is subleasing a portion of its subleased space from UBS to W.J. Deutsch & Sons Ltd (43,563 square feet) through March 31, 2037 and to Brookside Equity Partners (3,704 square feet), Hillside Capital Incorporated (8,705 square feet) and Kokino LLC (11,784 square feet) through September 27, 2021. 58,394 square feet of Purdue Pharma’s subleased space is currently not being utilized. |
(3) | Purdue Pharma has an executed lease on 100.0% of the net rentable area at the One Stamford Forum Property beginning January 2021 through June 2031 at an average initial rent of $46.46 per square foot with a six and a half year lease-renewal option. |
Lease Expiration Schedule(1)
Year Ending December 31, | No. of Leases Expiring | Expiring NRSF | % of Total NRSF | Cumulative Expiring NRSF | Cumulative % of Total NRSF | Annual U/W Base Rent | % of Total Annual U/W Base Rent | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF |
MTM | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2016 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | 0.00 |
2017 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | 0.00 |
2018 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | 0.00 |
2019 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | 0.00 |
2020(2) | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | 0.00 |
2021 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | 0.00 |
2022 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | 0.00 |
2023 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | 0.00 |
2024 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | 0.00 |
2025 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | 0.00 |
2026 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | 0.00 |
Thereafter(2) | 1 | 504,471 | 100.0% | 504,471 | 100.0% | $23,437,611 | 100.0% | $46.46 |
Vacant | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 504,471 | 100.0% | $0 | 0.0% | 0.00 |
Total/Weighted Average | 1 | 504,471 | 100.0% | $23,437,611 | 100.0% | $46.46 |
(1) | Information obtained from the tenant leases. |
(2) | The One Stamford Forum Property is currently 100.0% leased to two tenants, UBS and Purdue Pharma, on leases both expiring in December 2020. Purdue Pharma has signed a subsequent lease on the entire building’s square footage beginning January 2021 through June 2031 with a six and a half year lease-renewal option. |
The following table presents historical occupancy percentages at the One Stamford Forum Property:
Historical Occupancy
12/31/2012(1) | 12/31/2013(1) | 12/31/2014(1) | 12/31/2015(1) | 5/31/2016(2) | |||||
100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% |
(1) | Information obtained from the borrower. |
(2) | Information obtained from the underwritten rent roll. |
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ONE STAMFORD FORUM |
Operating History and Underwritten Net Cash Flow. The following table presents certain information relating to the historical operating performance and the underwritten net cash flow at the One Stamford Forum Property:
Cash Flow Analysis
2013 | 2014 | 2015 | TTM 3/31/2016 | U/W | % of U/W Effective Gross Income | U/W $ per SF | ||||||||||||||||
Base Rent | $20,659,134 | $20,659,134 | $20,659,134 | $21,051,857 | $22,230,025 | 101.5 | % | $44.07 | ||||||||||||||
Total Reimbursables(1) | 2,239,776 | 1,572,030 | 1,833,926 | 1,784,562 | 2,094,342 | 9.6 | 4.15 | |||||||||||||||
Less Vacancy & Credit Loss(2) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (2,432,437 | ) | -11.1 | (4.82 | ) | |||||||||||||
Effective Gross Income | $22,898,910 | $22,231,164 | $22,493,060 | $22,836,419 | $21,891,930 | 100.0 | % | $43.40 | ||||||||||||||
Total Operating Expenses | $8,887,707 | $8,173,538 | $8,409,594 | $8,422,294 | $8,706,883 | 39.8 | % | $17.26 | ||||||||||||||
Net Operating Income | $14,011,203 | $14,057,626 | $14,083,466 | $14,414,125 | $13,185,047 | 60.2 | % | $26.14 | ||||||||||||||
TI/LC | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1,233,793 | 5.6 | 2.45 | |||||||||||||||
Capital Expenditures | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 126,118 | 0.6 | 0.25 | |||||||||||||||
Net Cash Flow | $14,011,203 | $14,057,626 | $14,083,466 | $14,414,125 | $11,825,136 | 54.0 | % | $23.44 | ||||||||||||||
NOI DSCR(3) | 1.83x | 1.84x | 1.84x | 1.89x | 1.73x | |||||||||||||||||
NCF DSCR(3) | 1.83x | 1.84x | 1.84x | 1.89x | 1.55x | |||||||||||||||||
NOI DY(3) | 12.8% | 12.8% | 12.8% | 13.1% | 12.0% | |||||||||||||||||
NCF DY(3) | 12.8% | 12.8% | 12.8% | 13.1% | 10.8% |
(1) | U/W Reimbursables are based on tenant leases and include budgeted tenant electric charges of $561,838 and an adjustment for a 3.0% management fee (the One Stamford Forum Property is currently managed by an affiliate of the borrower). |
(2) | The underwritten economic vacancy is 10.9%. The One Stamford Forum Property is currently 100.0% leased through June 2031. |
(3) | The debt service coverage ratios and debt yields are based on the One Stamford Forum Whole Loan. |
Appraisal. As of the appraisal valuation date of May 2, 2016, the One Stamford Forum Property had an “as-is” appraised value of $227,000,000.
Environmental Matters. According to a Phase I environmental site assessment dated May 5, 2016, there was no evidence of any recognized environmental conditions at the One Stamford Forum Property.
Market Overview and Competition. The One Stamford Forum Property is located in Stamford, Connecticut. The City of Stamford has a downtown core area with a major transportation hub, approximately 7.7 million square feet of office space, Stamford Town Center, an 860,000 square foot super-regional mall, and several high-density residential projects. It is also supported by a suburban area and several major throughways including Interstate 95 connecting to midtown Manhattan 40 miles southwest, Route 137 (Washington Boulevard) connecting to Westchester County to the north and Tresser Boulevard (Route 1) running along the south shore of Connecticut parallel to Interstate 95.
Current major developments under construction in the area include a waterfront redevelopment known as Harbor Point that will contain over 2,360 residential units and 500,000 square feet of commercial space, the $450 million expansion and renovation of Stamford Hospital, a planned 648-unit multifamily property located across the street from the One Stamford Forum Property expected to open in early 2018, and Atlantic Station, a mixed-use development comprised of 650 multifamily units and approximately 54,000-69,000 square feet of retail space located just west of the One Stamford Forum Property on Tresser Boulevard.
The One Stamford Forum Property is located at the intersection of Tresser Boulevard and Canal Street. In addition to the offerings of Stamford’s core commercial area located just a few blocks northwest, immediate local amenities include dining and retail options in the Stamford Town Center located across Tresser Boulevard, and a full-service Marriott hotel across Canal Street. The Stamford Metro North/Amtrak station is two blocks from the One Stamford Forum Property, providing mass transit access along stops from New Haven south to New York City (55 minutes) and from Boston south to Philadelphia and Washington, D.C. According to the appraisal, the 2016 population within a three- and five- mile radius of the One Stamford Forum Property was 126,607 and 173,495, respectively; 2016 average household income within the same radii was $131,200 and $151,166, respectively.
According to the appraiser, the One Stamford Forum Property is located in the broader Stamford Central Business District Office Market which includes approximately 9.7 million square feet of office space with a vacancy of 23.8% and an average rent per square foot of $43.55 as of the first quarter of 2016. Within the submarket, the appraiser determined the competitive set to be comprised of 13 Class A office buildings containing approximately 3.7 million square feet (inclusive of the Stamford Office Forum Property), which exhibited an overall vacancy of 8.6% at an average base rent of $51.21 as of the first quarter of 2016.
A-3-35 |
ONE STAMFORD FORUM |
The following table presents certain information relating to comparable office leases to the One Stamford Forum Property:
Comparable Leases(1)
Property Name/Location | Year Built/ Renovated | Total GLA (SF) | Total Occupancy | Distance from Subject | Tenant Name | Lease Date/Term | Lease Area (SF) | Annual Base Rent PSF | TI’s |
Stamford Towers 680 Washington Blvd
| 1989/NAP | 133,000 | 87% | 0.4 miles | Bank of Ireland NGKF | Apr-16/10.8 Yrs Jan-15/11.0 Yrs | 20,217 10,634 | $43 $40 | $60 $0 |
One Stamford Plaza 263 Tresser Blvd
| 1986/NAP | 214,136 | 99% | 0.2 miles | Towers Watson Lascaux Resource Capital Regus Plc | Oct-15/1.0 Yrs Sept-15/5.4 Yrs Apr-15/5.3 Yrs | 68,234 2,697 19,450 | $42 $50 $47 | $0 $45 $22 |
400 Atlantic 400 Atlantic Street
| 1980/2007 | 501,448 | 77% | 315 feet | BTG Pactual | Nov-15/11.0 Yrs | 36,782
| $48 | $50 |
1055 Washington Blvd 1055 Washington Blvd
| 1987/NAP | 178,000 | 84% | 0.5 miles | Robinson & Cole LLP | Sept-15/11.1 Yrs | 28,466 | $38 | $58 |
RBS 600 Washington Blvd
| 2009/NAP | 500,000 | 100% | 0.5 miles | UBS | May-15/10.0 Yrs | 119,216 | $57 | $20 |
(1) | Information obtained from the appraisal. |
The Borrower. The borrower is One Stamford Realty L.P., a single purpose Delaware limited partnership, with a general partner that is a special purpose entity with two independent directors. Legal counsel to the borrower delivered a non-consolidation opinion in connection with the origination of the One Stamford Forum Whole Loan. Beacon Company (Delaware), BRJ Fiduciary Management LLC, as Trustee under Trust Agreement dated November 5, 1974, and Rosebay Medical Company L.P., individually and collectively, are the guarantor of certain nonrecourse carveouts under the One Stamford Forum Whole Loan.
The Sponsors. The sponsors are Beacon Company (Delaware) (“Beacon”), BRJ Fiduciary Management LLC, as Trustee under Trust Agreement dated November 5, 1974 (“BRJ”), and Rosebay Medical Company L.P. (“Rosebay”). Each of Beacon, BRJ and Rosebay are ultimately owned by or for the benefit of members of the Sackler family. Arthur, Mortimer and Raymond Sackler were the original founders of Purdue Pharma and the Sackler family continues to own 100% of the company. The family’s net worth has been conservatively estimated at approximately $14 billion.
Escrows. The loan documents provide for upfront reserves in the amount of $230,359 for real estate taxes, $58,814 for property insurance premiums and $15,188 for required repairs. The loan documents provide for ongoing monthly reserves in the amount equal to one-twelfth of the estimated annual real estate taxes due (initially estimated at $230,359) and ongoing monthly reserves in the amount equal to one-twelfth of the estimated annual insurance premiums due (initially estimated at $19,605). Monthly deposits for insurance premiums can be waived by the lender should the One Stamford Forum Property be covered by an acceptable blanket insurance policy.
Lockbox and Cash Management. The One Stamford Forum Whole Loan requires a lender-controlled lockbox account, which is already in place. The borrower has directed the tenants to pay rent directly into such lockbox account. Prior to the occurrence of a Cash Sweep Period (as defined below), all funds are required to be distributed to the borrower. During a Cash Sweep Period, all funds are required to be swept to a lender-controlled cash management account.
A “Cash Sweep Period” will commence upon (i) Purdue Pharma vacating, giving notice to vacate, or ceasing to occupy 50.0% or more of the net rentable area at the One Stamford Forum Property for a continuous 60 days (other than as a result of force majeure); (ii) any bankruptcy action of Purdue Pharma; or (iii) Purdue Pharma defaulting in rent (including failure to pay real estate taxes and property insurance premiums). A Cash Sweep Period will end upon, as it relates to clause (i) or (ii), Purdue Pharma’s vacated space being leased to one or more acceptable replacement tenant(s) and the replacement tenant(s) being in occupancy and paying full rent with no outstanding tenant improvement or leasing costs; or, as it relates to clause (iii), such default being cured.
Property Management. The One Stamford Forum Property is self-managed by the borrower.
Assumption. Following the date which is six months from the origination date, the borrower has the right to transfer the One Stamford Forum Property provided that certain conditions are satisfied, including (i) no event of default has occurred and is continuing; (ii) the lender reasonably determines that the proposed transferee and guarantor satisfy the lender’s credit review and underwriting standards, taking into consideration the transferee’s experience, financial strength and general business standing; and (iii) the lender has received confirmation from Fitch, KBRA, Moody’s and S&P that such assumption will not result in a downgrade, withdrawal or qualification of the respective ratings assigned to the Series 2016-BNK1 certificates and similar confirmations from each rating agency rating any securities backed by any One Stamford Forum Companion Loans with respect to the ratings of such securities.
Right of First Offer. Pursuant to its lease commencing January 2021, Purdue Pharma has a right of first offer to purchase the property upon any sale; provided that such right of first offer does not apply to a foreclosure and does not apply during the term of the One Stamford Forum Whole Loan.
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ONE STAMFORD FORUM |
Partial Release. Not permitted.
Real Estate Substitution. Not permitted.
Subordinate and Mezzanine Indebtedness. None.
Ground Lease. The One Stamford Forum Mortgage Loan borrower is the owner of the fee interest in the land and improvements, and is also the owner of landlord and tenant’s interest in two ground leases with respect to the One Stamford Forum Property and has mortgaged its fee and lease interests to the lender as security for the One Stamford Forum Mortgage Loan. Pursuant to the mortgage granted to the lender by the One Stamford Forum Mortgage Loan borrower, the ground leases are subject and subordinate to the One Stamford Forum Mortgage Loan documents.
Terrorism Insurance. The loan documents require that the “all risk” insurance policy required to be maintained by the borrowers provide coverage for terrorism in an amount equal to the full replacement cost of the One Stamford Forum Property, as well as business interruption insurance with no time limitation, and includes an extended period of indemnity of 360 days to provide continuing coverage after the One Stamford Forum Property has been repaired.
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RENAISSANCE DALLAS |
A-3-38 |
RENAISSANCE DALLAS |
A-3-39 |
No. 4 – Renaissance Dallas | |||||||
Loan Information | Property Information | ||||||
Mortgage Loan Seller: | Wells Fargo Bank, National Association | Single Asset/Portfolio: | Single Asset | ||||
Property Type: | Hospitality | ||||||
Original Principal Balance: | $60,000,000 | Specific Property Type: | Full Service | ||||
Cut-off Date Balance: | $60,000,000 | Location: | Dallas, TX | ||||
% of Initial Pool Balance: | 6.9% | Size: | 514 rooms | ||||
Loan Purpose: | Refinance | Cut-off Date Balance Per Room: | $116,732 | ||||
Borrower Name: | Deep Elem Real Estate, LLC | Year Built/Renovated: | 1983/2015 | ||||
Sponsor: | Thomas Point Ventures, L.P. | Title Vesting(2): | Leasehold | ||||
Mortgage Rate: | 4.400% | Property Manager: | Self-managed | ||||
Note Date: | June 1, 2016 | 4th Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 62.8% (12/31/2012) | ||||
Anticipated Repayment Date: | NAP | 3rd Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 61.1% (12/31/2013) | ||||
Maturity Date: | June 11, 2026 | 2nd Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 58.4% (12/31/2014) | ||||
IO Period: | 60 months | Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 63.5% (12/31/2015) | ||||
Loan Term (Original): | 120 months | Current Occupancy (As of): | 65.7% (5/30/2016) | ||||
Seasoning: | 2 months | ||||||
Amortization Term (Original): | 360 months | Underwriting and Financial Information: | |||||
Loan Amortization Type: | Interest-only, Amortizing Balloon | ||||||
Interest Accrual Method: | Actual/360 | 4th Most Recent NOI (As of)(3): | $4,392,339 (12/31/2013) | ||||
Call Protection: | L(26),D(90),O(4) | 3rd Most Recent NOI (As of)(3): | $5,305,162 (12/31/2014) | ||||
Lockbox Type: | Springing | 2nd Most Recent NOI (As of)(3): | $9,765,389 (12/31/2015) | ||||
Additional Debt: | None | Most Recent NOI (As of): | $10,135,122 (TTM 5/30/2016) | ||||
Additional Debt Type: | NAP | ||||||
U/W Revenues: | $34,611,583 | ||||||
U/W Expenses: | $25,107,534 | ||||||
U/W NOI: | $9,504,049 | ||||||
U/W NCF: | $7,773,470 | ||||||
U/W NOI DSCR: | 2.64x | ||||||
U/W NCF DSCR: | 2.16x | ||||||
Escrows and Reserves(1): | U/W NOI Debt Yield: | 15.8% | |||||
U/W NCF Debt Yield: | 13.0% | ||||||
Type: | Initial | Monthly | Cap (If Any) | As-Is Appraised Value: | $118,800,000 | ||
Taxes | $0 | Springing | NAP | As-Is Appraisal Valuation Date: | March 17, 2016 | ||
Insurance | $0 | Springing | NAP | Cut-off Date LTV Ratio: | 50.5% | ||
FF&E Reserve | $0 | Springing | NAP | LTV Ratio at Maturity or ARD: | 46.1% | ||
(1) | See “Escrows” section. |
(2) | See “Ground Lease” section. |
(3) | See “Cash Flow Analysis” section. |
The Mortgage Loan. The mortgage loan (the “Renaissance Dallas Mortgage Loan”) is evidenced by a single promissory note secured by a first mortgage encumbering the leasehold interest in a full-service hotel located in Dallas, Texas (the “Renaissance Dallas Property”). The Renaissance Dallas Mortgage Loan was originated on June 1, 2016 by Wells Fargo Bank, National Association. The Renaissance Dallas Mortgage Loan had an original principal balance of $60,000,000, has an outstanding principal balance as of the Cut-off Date of $60,000,000 and accrues interest at an interest rate of 4.400% per annum. The Renaissance Dallas Mortgage Loan had an initial term of 120 months, has a remaining term of 118 months as of the Cut-off Date and requires interest-only payments for the first 60 payments following origination and, thereafter, requires payments of principal and interest based on a 30-year amortization schedule. The Renaissance Dallas Mortgage Loan matures on June 11, 2026.
Following the lockout period, the borrower has the right to defease the Renaissance Dallas Mortgage Loan in whole, but not in part, on any date before March 11, 2026. In addition, the Renaissance Dallas Mortgage Loan is prepayable without penalty on or after March 11, 2026.
A-3-40 |
RENAISSANCE DALLAS |
Sources and Uses
Sources | Uses | |||||||
Original loan amount | $60,000,000 | 100.0% | Loan payoff(1) | $39,591,944 | 66.0% | |||
Closing costs | 713,416 | 1.2 | ||||||
Return of equity | 19,694,640 | 32.8 | ||||||
Total Sources | $60,000,000 | 100.0% | Total Uses | $60,000,000 | 100.0% |
(1) | The Renaissance Dallas Property was previously securitized in the MLCFC 2007-5 transaction. |
The Property. The Renaissance Dallas Property is a 29-story full-service hotel comprising 514 guestrooms located in Dallas, Texas, approximately 4.0 miles northwest of the central business district. Situated on a 6.1-acre parcel, the Renaissance Dallas Property was built in 1983 and renovated in 2007-2008 (major guestroom renovation), 2010 (addition of restaurant concept and renovation of the lobby and great room) and 2013-2015. The most recent 2013-2015 renovation was completed at a cost of approximately $37.7 million and added approximately 27,000 square feet of meeting and event space, including the Grand Ballroom (15,921 square feet), City View event space (6,120 square feet) and City View Terrace (5,080 square feet), as well as the parking garage. The Renaissance Dallas Property contains 178 king guestrooms, 234 queen/queen guestrooms, 72 queen standard guestrooms and 30 suites. The Renaissance Dallas Property contains 17 meeting and event spaces on floors two through four totaling approximately 53,000 square feet, including two outdoor terraces totaling 6,640 square feet, that offer panoramic views of the Dallas skyline. Amenities at the Renaissance Dallas Property include a fitness center, business center, rooftop outdoor swimming pool, sundry shop and valet parking. In addition, the Renaissance Dallas Property is home to Asador, a 120-seat, full-service farm-to-table restaurant, as well as a lobby bar and 27th-floor club lounge. The Renaissance Dallas Property contains a total of 624 surface and garage parking spaces, accounting for a parking ratio of 1.2 spaces per room. The demand segmentation for the Renaissance Dallas Property is 25% corporate, 50% group and 25% leisure. In lieu of a franchise agreement, the Renaissance Dallas Property is subject to a management agreement with Renaissance Hotel Management Company, L.L.C., which expires in July 2026 with three 10-year renewal options. In the event that the borrower or guarantor no longer has the right to operate the Renaissance Dallas Property as a Renaissance franchise, the Renaissance Dallas Mortgage Loan will become full-recourse to the borrower and guarantor.
The following table presents certain information relating to the historical operating performance and the underwritten net cash flow at the Renaissance Dallas Property:
Cash Flow Analysis
2013(1) | 2014(1) | 2015(1) | TTM 5/30/2016 | U/W | % of U/W Total Revenue | U/W $ per Room | |||||||||
Occupancy | 61.1% | 58.4% | 63.5% | 65.7% | 65.7% | ||||||||||
ADR | $125.47 | $137.78 | $156.17 | $156.93 | $156.93 | ||||||||||
RevPAR | $77.36 | $80.53 | $99.09 | $103.08 | $103.08 | ||||||||||
Room Revenue | $14,513,188 | $15,107,347 | $18,590,284 | $19,391,826 | $19,339,719 | 55.9% | $37,626 | ||||||||
F&B Revenue | 6,449,181 | 8,265,138 | 14,113,590 | 14,296,864 | 14,296,864 | 41.3 | 27,815 | ||||||||
Parking Revenue | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | ||||||||
Other Revenue | 1,050,956 | 1,261,159 | 927,530 | 1,147,913 | 975,000 | 2.8 | 1,897 | ||||||||
Total Revenue | $22,013,325 | $24,633,644 | $33,631,404 | $34,836,603 | $34,611,583 | 100.0% | $67,338 | ||||||||
Total Department Expenses | 9,503,874 | 10,461,165 | 13,087,389 | 13,122,183 | 13,267,059 | 38.3 | 25,811 | ||||||||
Gross Operating Profit | $12,509,451 | $14,172,479 | $20,544,015 | $21,714,420 | $21,344,523 | 61.7% | $41,526 | ||||||||
Total Undistributed Expenses | 6,870,172 | 7,829,196 | 9,494,558 | 10,159,959 | 10,108,347 | 29.2 | 19,666 | ||||||||
Profit Before Fixed Charges | $5,639,279 | $6,343,283 | $11,049,457 | $11,554,461 | $11,236,176 | 32.5% | $21,860 | ||||||||
Total Fixed Charges | 1,246,940 | 1,038,121 | 1,284,068 | 1,419,339 | 1,732,127 | 5.0 | 3,370 | ||||||||
Net Operating Income | $4,392,339 | $5,305,162 | $9,765,389 | $10,135,122 | $9,504,049 | 27.5% | $18,490 | ||||||||
FF&E | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1,730,579 | 5.0 | 3,367 | ||||||||
Net Cash Flow | $4,392,339 | $5,305,162 | $9,765,389 | $10,135,122 | $7,773,470 | 22.5% | $15,123 | ||||||||
NOI DSCR | 1.22x | 1.47x | 2.71x | 2.81x | 2.64x | ||||||||||
NCF DSCR | 1.22x | 1.47x | 2.71x | 2.81x | 2.16x | ||||||||||
NOI DY | 7.3% | 8.8% | 16.3% | 16.9% | 15.8% | ||||||||||
NCF DY | 7.3% | 8.8% | 16.3% | 16.9% | 13.0% | ||||||||||
(1) | The increase in Net Operating Income from 2013 to 2014 and from 2014 to 2015 was due to the 2013-2015 renovation, which added approximately 27,000 square feet of meeting and event space to the Renaissance Dallas Property, increasing F&B Revenue and group-related room nights. |
Appraisal. As of the appraisal valuation date of March 17, 2016, the Renaissance Dallas Property had an “as-is” appraised value of $118,800,000.
Environmental Matters. According to a Phase I environmental assessment dated March 25, 2016, there was no evidence of any recognized environmental conditions at the Renaissance Dallas Property.
A-3-41 |
RENAISSANCE DALLAS |
Market Overview and Competition. The Renaissance Dallas Property is located in Dallas, Texas, approximately 4.0 miles northwest of the central business district and just north of Interstate 35 East. According to the appraisal, primary access to the surrounding neighborhood is provided by Highway 75, Woodall Rogers Freeway, Interstate 45, Interstate 35 East, Interstate 30 and Dallas North Tollway. Land uses within the neighborhood consist of a mixture of residential, commercial, office, industrial and medical, and within a 1.5-mile radius of the Renaissance Dallas Property, there is approximately 7.3 million square feet of office space with a 91.9% occupancy rate. The Renaissance Dallas Property is located approximately one mile southeast of the Southwestern Medical Center, a 390-acre medical complex with more than 30,000 employees and approximately 2.2 million outpatient visits per year. Adjacent to the Renaissance Dallas Property is Dallas Market Center, a five million square foot wholesale trade center that attracts more than 200,000 buyers each year from all 50 states and more than 85 countries. In addition, the Renaissance Dallas Property is located approximately 2.5 miles northwest of the West End Entertainment District and 2.0 miles northwest of Victory Park, which is home to the American Airlines Center (home to the National Basketball Association’s Dallas Mavericks and National Hockey League’s Dallas Stars), House of Blues, various retail and restaurant outlets and approximately 620,000 square feet of office space. As of 2016, the estimated population within a three- and five-mile radius of the Renaissance Dallas Property was 131,762 and 341,128, respectively, and the average household income within the same radii was $96,684 and $94,215, respectively.
The following table presents certain information relating to the Renaissance Dallas Property’s competitive sets:
Subject and Market Historical Occupancy, ADR and RevPAR(1)
(Transient Competitive Set)
Competitive Set | Renaissance Dallas | Penetration Factor | |||||||
Year | Occupancy | ADR | RevPAR | Occupancy | ADR | RevPAR | Occupancy | ADR | RevPAR |
2/29/2016 TTM | 73.0% | $116.66 | $85.15 | 63.9% | $155.44 | $99.36 | 87.6% | 133.2% | 116.7% |
2/28/2015 TTM | 71.0% | $110.31 | $78.28 | 59.3% | $144.43 | $85.70 | 83.6% | 130.9% | 109.5% |
2/28/2014 TTM | 70.5% | $101.04 | $71.27 | 60.2% | $125.47 | $75.51 | 85.3% | 124.2% | 106.0% |
(1) | Information obtained from a third party hospitality research report dated March 18, 2016. The transient competitive set includes Crowne Plaza Dallas Market Center, Doubletree Dallas Market Center, Embassy Suites Dallas Market Center and Sheraton Hotel Suites Market Center Dallas. |
Subject and Market Historical Occupancy, ADR and RevPAR(1)
(Group Competitive Set)
Competitive Set | Renaissance Dallas | Penetration Factor | |||||||
Year | Occupancy | ADR | RevPAR | Occupancy | ADR | RevPAR | Occupancy | ADR | RevPAR |
2/29/2016 TTM | 62.7% | $153.51 | $96.18 | 63.9% | $155.44 | $99.36 | 102.0% | 101.3% | 103.3% |
2/28/2015 TTM | 62.0% | $147.13 | $91.15 | 59.3% | $144.43 | $85.70 | 95.8% | 98.2% | 94.0% |
2/28/2014 TTM | 57.8% | $145.74 | $84.26 | 60.2% | $125.47 | $75.51 | 104.1% | 86.1% | 89.6% |
(1) | Information obtained from a third party hospitality research report dated March 18, 2016. The group competitive set includes Sheraton Hotel Dallas, Hyatt Regency Dallas, Fairmont Dallas, Hilton Anatole, Marriott Dallas City Center and The Adolphus Hotel. |
The Borrower. The borrower is Deep Elem Real Estate, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company with one independent director. Legal counsel to the borrower delivered a non-consolidation opinion in connection with the origination of the Renaissance Dallas Mortgage Loan. Thomas Point Ventures, L.P. is the guarantor of certain nonrecourse carveouts under the Renaissance Dallas Mortgage Loan. In lieu of a nonrecourse carveout under the Renaissance Dallas Mortgage Loan for losses related to the breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or indemnification provision in the loan documents concerning environmental laws or hazardous substances, the borrower obtained a $1,000,000 environmental insurance policy that has a 10-year term with three-year tail.
The Sponsor. The sponsor is Thomas Point Ventures, L.P., a subsidiary of JWM Family Enterprises, L.P. (“JWMFE”). JWMFE owns 16 hotels, all of which are operated by Marriott International, Inc. Marriott International owns, operates or manages nearly 4,500 properties in 87 countries and territories and reported revenues of more than $14.0 billion in fiscal year 2015.
Escrows. Ongoing reserves for real estate taxes are not required as long as such taxes are paid in accordance with the management agreement. Ongoing reserves for insurance are not required as long as insurance premiums are paid as required by the management agreement. The Marriott management agreement requires an annual FF&E reserve equal to 5.0% of gross revenues and funds are held with Marriott and used in accordance with the Marriott management agreement. If at any time the FF&E reserve is not held by Marriott in accordance with the management agreement, the borrower must establish an FF&E reserve with the lender in an amount determined by the lender in its reasonable discretion.
Lockbox and Cash Management. Upon the occurrence and continuance of a Marriott Termination Event (as defined below), the Renaissance Dallas Mortgage Loan requires that the borrower establish a lender-controlled lockbox account and all rents shall be deposited into such lockbox account. Prior to the occurrence of a Cash Trap Event Period (as defined below), all cash flow is distributed to the borrower. During a Cash Trap Event Period, all funds are swept through a lender-controlled cash management account.
A-3-42 |
RENAISSANCE DALLAS |
A “Marriott Termination Event” will occur if (i) an affiliate of Marriott International, Inc. is no longer the manager of the Renaissance Dallas Property; or (ii) the property manager is in default under the management agreement, or the management agreement is no longer in effect.
A “Cash Trap Event Period” will commence upon (i) the occurrence and continuance of an event of default; or (ii) the amortizing net cash flow debt service coverage ratio falling below 1.40x at the end of any calendar quarter. A Cash Trap Event Period will end with respect to clause (i), upon the cure of such event of default; and with respect to clause (ii), upon the amortizing net cash flow debt service coverage ratio being greater than 1.40x for two consecutive calendar quarters.
Property Management. The Renaissance Dallas Property is managed by an affiliate of the borrower.
Assumption. The borrower has a two-time right to transfer the Renaissance Dallas Property provided that certain conditions are satisfied, including (i) no event of default has occurred and is continuing; (ii) the lender reasonably determines that the proposed transferee and guarantor satisfy the lender’s credit review and underwriting standards, taking into consideration transferee experience, financial strength and general business standing; and (iii) the lender has received confirmation from Fitch, KBRA, Moody’s and S&P that such assumption will not result in a downgrade, withdrawal or qualification of the respective ratings assigned to the Series 2016-BNK1 certificates.
Right of First Offer. The property manager, Renaissance Hotel Management Company, L.L.C., has a 30 day period to negotiate the purchase terms (“ROFO”) of the Renaissance Dallas Property prior to the property being offered for sale to a third party. The ROFO is not extinguished by foreclosure or deed-in-lieu thereof, but the management agreement provides that a foreclosure or deed-in-lieu thereof by any mortgagor does not trigger the ROFO.
Partial Release. Not permitted.
Real Estate Substitution. Not permitted.
Subordinate and Mezzanine Indebtedness. Not permitted.
Ground Lease. The Renaissance Dallas Property is subject to a ground lease with a fixed annual ground rent payment of $23,720 and expiration date of April 30, 2062.
Terrorism Insurance. The loan documents require that the “all risk” insurance policy required to be maintained by the borrower provide coverage for terrorism in an amount equal to the full replacement cost of the Renaissance Dallas Property. The loan documents also require business interruption insurance covering no less than the 18-month period following the occurrence of a casualty event, together with a six-month extended period of indemnity.
A-3-43 |
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A-3-44 |
PINNACLE II |
A-3-45 |
PINNACLE II |
A-3-46 |
PINNACLE II |
A-3-47 |
No. 5 – Pinnacle II | |||||||
Loan Information | Property Information | ||||||
Mortgage Loan Seller: | Wells Fargo Bank, National Association | Single Asset/Portfolio: | Single Asset | ||||
Property Type: | Office | ||||||
Original Principal Balance(1): | $40,000,000 | Specific Property Type: | CBD | ||||
Cut-off Date Balance(1): | $40,000,000 | Location: | Burbank, CA | ||||
% of Initial Pool Balance: | 4.6% | Size: | 230,000 SF | ||||
Loan Purpose: | Refinance | Cut-off Date Balance Per SF(1): | $378.26 | ||||
Borrower Name: | P2 Hudson MC Partners, LLC | Year Built/Renovated: | 2005/NAP | ||||
Sponsors: | Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P.; M. David Paul Development, LLC | Title Vesting: | Fee | ||||
Mortgage Rate: | 4.300% | Property Manager: | Self-managed | ||||
Note Date: | June 7, 2016 | 4th Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 100.0% (12/31/2012) | ||||
Anticipated Repayment Date: | NAP | 3rd Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 100.0% (12/31/2013) | ||||
Maturity Date: | June 11, 2026 | 2nd Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 100.0% (12/31/2014) | ||||
IO Period: | 120 months | Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 100.0% (12/31/2015) | ||||
Loan Term (Original): | 120 months | Current Occupancy (As of): | 100.0% (8/1/2016) | ||||
Seasoning: | 2 months | ||||||
Amortization Term (Original): | NAP | Underwriting and Financial Information: | |||||
Loan Amortization Type: | Interest-only, Balloon | ||||||
Interest Accrual Method: | Actual/360 | 4th Most Recent NOI(3): | NAV | ||||
Call Protection: | L(36),GRTR 1% or YM(80),O(4) | 3rd Most Recent NOI (As of): | $7,882,478 (12/31/2014) | ||||
Lockbox Type: | Hard/Upfront Cash Management | 2nd Most Recent NOI (As of): | $7,794,991 (12/31/2015) | ||||
Additional Debt(1): | Yes | Most Recent NOI (As of): | $7,572,595 (TTM 3/31/2016) | ||||
Additional Debt Type(1): | Pari Passu | ||||||
U/W Revenues: | $11,664,912 | ||||||
U/W Expenses: | $3,645,672 | ||||||
U/W NOI: | $8,019,240 | ||||||
U/W NCF: | $7,423,010 | ||||||
U/W NOI DSCR(1): | 2.11x | ||||||
U/W NCF DSCR(1): | 1.96x | ||||||
Escrows and Reserves(2): | U/W NOI Debt Yield(1): | 9.2% | |||||
U/W NCF Debt Yield(1): | 8.5% | ||||||
Type: | Initial | Monthly | Cap (If Any) | As-Is Appraised Value: | $142,000,000 | ||
Taxes | $370,935 | $123,645 | NAP | As-Is Appraisal Valuation Date: | May 5, 2016 | ||
Insurance | $0 | Springing | NAP | Cut-off Date LTV Ratio(1): | 61.3% | ||
Replacement Reserves | $0 | Springing | (2) | LTV Ratio at Maturity or ARD(1): | 61.3% | ||
(1) | The Pinnacle II Whole Loan (as defined below), which had an original principal balance of $87,000,000, is comprised of three pari passu notes (Notes A-1, A-2 and A-3). The controlling Note A-1 had an original principal balance of $40,000,000, has an outstanding principal balance of $40,000,000 as of the Cut-Off Date and will be contributed to the WFCM 2016-BNK1 Trust. The non-controlling Note A-2 had an original principal balance of $20,000,000 and is expected to be contributed to the WFCM 2016-C35 Trust; and the non-controlling Note A-3 had an original principal balance of $27,000,000 and is expected to be contributed to a future securitization trust. All statistical financial information related to balances per square foot, loan-to-value ratios, debt service coverage ratios and debt yields are based on the Pinnacle II Whole Loan. The lender provides no assurances that any non-securitized pari passu note will not be split further. |
(2) | See “Escrows” section. |
(3) | Historical financial information was not provided prior to 2014, as one of the sponsors purchased a majority interest in the Pinnacle II Property in 2013 and is now managing the Pinnacle II Property through an affiliated company. |
The Mortgage Loan. The mortgage loan (the “Pinnacle II Mortgage Loan”) is part of a whole loan (the “Pinnacle II Whole Loan”) that is evidenced by three pari passu promissory notes (Notes A-1, A-2 and A-3) secured by a first mortgage encumbering the fee interest in a class A office building located in Burbank, California (the “Pinnacle II Property”). The Pinnacle II Whole Loan was originated on June 7, 2016 by Wells Fargo Bank, National Association. The Pinnacle II Whole Loan had an original principal balance of $87,000,000, has an outstanding principal balance as of the Cut-off Date of $87,000,000 and accrues interest at an interest rate of 4.300% per annum. The Pinnacle II Whole Loan had an initial term of 120 months, has a remaining term of 118 months as of the Cut-off Date and requires payments of interest only through the term of the Pinnacle II Whole Loan. The Pinnacle II Whole Loan matures on June 11, 2026. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans – The Serviced Pari Passu Whole Loans – the Pinnacle II Whole Loan” and “Pooling and Servicing Agreement” in the Preliminary Prospectus.
The Pinnacle II Mortgage Loan, evidenced by the controlling Note A-1, which will be contributed to the WFCM 2016-BNK1 Trust, had an original principal balance of $40,000,000 and has an outstanding principal balance as of the Cut-off Date of $40,000,000. The non-controlling Note A-2, which had an original principal balance of $20,000,000, is expected to be contributed to the WFCM 2016-C35 Trust. The non-controlling Note A-3, which had an original principal balance of $27,000,000, is expected to be contributed to a future securitization trust. Each of the mortgage loans evidenced by Notes A-2 and A-3 are referred to herein as the “Pinnacle II Companion Loans”. The lender provides no assurances that any non-securitized pari passu note will not be split further.
A-3-48 |
PINNACLE II |
Note Summary
Notes | Original Balance | Note Holder | Controlling Interest | |
A-1 | $40,000,000 | WFCM 2016-BNK1 | Yes | |
A-2 | $20,000,000 | WFCM 2016-C35 | No | |
A-3 | $27,000,000 | Wells Fargo Bank, National Association | No | |
Total | $87,000,000 |
Sources and Uses
Sources | Uses | ||||||||
Original whole loan | $87,000,000 | 99.6 | % | Loan payoff(1) | $86,203,966 | 98.6% | |||
Sponsor’s new cash contribution | 390,399 | 0.4 | Reserves | 370,935 | 0.4 | ||||
Closing costs | 815,497 | 0.9 | |||||||
Total Sources | $87,390,399 | 100.0 | % | Total Uses | $87,390,399 | 100.0% |
(1) | The Pinnacle II Property was previously securitized in the GSMS 2006-GG8 transaction. The loan payoff amount also includes a $4.9 million B-note. |
The Property. The Pinnacle II Property is a 230,000 square foot, six-story, class A, single-tenant office building located in Burbank, California. Built by the sponsors in 2005, the Pinnacle II Property is situated on a 1.5-acre site and is part of a larger 4.3-acre entertainment and media campus. The Pinnacle II Property is situated adjacent to Pinnacle I (not part of the collateral), a 393,776 square foot multi-tenant office property that is approximately 95.0% leased to entertainment industry tenants, and was also built by the sponsors in 2002. The Pinnacle II Property has been 100.0% leased to Warner Brothers Entertainment Inc. (“Warner Brothers”) since construction and is located approximately two blocks from the 142-acre Warner Brothers Studios, the company’s headquarters since 1928. Combined with the 32-acre Warner Brothers Ranch located a half-mile from the Pinnacle II Property, Warner Brothers offers 35 soundstages (including one of the world’s tallest stages with an in-ground tank capable of holding more than two million gallons of water) and 15 back lot locations. Warner Brothers’ parent company, Time Warner Inc., reported 2015 total revenue of approximately $28.1 billion, of which Warner Brothers accounted for approximately $13.0 billion, or 46.2%. The Pinnacle II Property houses the Warner Brothers Technology Solutions staff. The Pinnacle II Property contains 683 underground parking spaces, resulting in a parking ratio of 3.0 spaces per 1,000 square feet of rentable area. As of August 1, 2016 the Pinnacle II Property was 100.0% occupied by Warner Brothers.
The following table presents certain information relating to the tenancy at the Pinnacle II Property:
Major Tenant
Tenant Name | Credit Rating (Fitch/ Moody’s/ S&P)(1) | Tenant NRSF | % of NRSF | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF(2) | Annual U/W Base Rent(2) | % of Total Annual U/W Base Rent | Lease Expiration Date |
Major Tenant | |||||||
Warner Brothers(3) | BBB+/Baa2/BBB | 230,000 | 100.0% | $42.00 | $9,659,219 | 100.0% | 12/31/2021(4) |
Total Major Tenant | 230,000 | 100.0% | $42.00 | $9,659,219 | 100.0% | ||
Occupied Collateral Total | 230,000 | 100.0% | $42.00 | $9,659,219 | 100.0% | ||
Vacant Space | 0 | 0.0% | |||||
Collateral Total | 230,000 | 100.0% | |||||
(1) | Ratings shown are those of the parent company Time Warner Inc. Time Warner Inc. does not guarantee the lease. |
(2) | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF and Annual U/W Base Rent reflect the average rent over the lease term. The current base rent PSF is $39.56 ($9,099,396 annually). |
(3) | Warner Brothers subleases 40,165 square feet (17.5% of net rentable area) to the CW Television Network, a 50/50 joint venture between Warner Brothers and CBS Corporation, for $2,094,794 annually ($52.15 per square foot, full-service gross). The sublease expiration is coterminous with the primary lease expiration date of December 31, 2021. Annual U/W Base Rent for this space was underwritten to Warner Brothers’ primary average lease rate of $42.00 per square foot, modified gross. |
(4) | Warner Brothers has either one, 10-year or two, 5-year lease renewal options at 92.5% of market rent. |
A-3-49 |
PINNACLE II |
The following table presents certain information relating to the lease rollover schedule at the Pinnacle II Property:
Lease Expiration Schedule(1)
Year Ending December 31, | No. of Leases Expiring | Expiring NRSF | % of Total NRSF | Cumulative Expiring NRSF | Cumulative % of Total NRSF | Annual U/W Base Rent | % of Total Annual U/W Base Rent | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF |
MTM | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2016 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2017 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2018 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2019 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2020 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2021 | 1 | 230,000 | 100.0% | 230,000 | 100.0% | $9,659,219(2) | 100.0% | $42.00(2) |
2022 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 230,000 | 100.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2023 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 230,000 | 100.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2024 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 230,000 | 100.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2025 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 230,000 | 100.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2026 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 230,000 | 100.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
Thereafter | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 230,000 | 100.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
Vacant | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 230,000 | 100.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
Total/Weighted Average | 1 | 230,000 | 100.0% | $9,659,219(2) | 100.0% | $42.00(2) |
(1) | Information obtained from the underwritten rent roll. |
(2) | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF and Annual U/W Base Rent reflect the average rent over the lease term. The current base rent PSF is $39.56 ($9,099,396 annually). |
The following table presents historical occupancy percentages at the Pinnacle II Property:
Historical Occupancy
12/31/2012(1) | 12/31/2013(1) | 12/31/2014(1) | 12/31/2015(1) | 8/1/2016(2) | ||||
100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% |
(1) | Information obtained from the lease. |
(2) | Information obtained from the underwritten rent roll. |
Operating History and Underwritten Net Cash Flow. The following table presents certain information relating to the historical operating performance and underwritten net cash flow at the Pinnacle II Property:
Cash Flow Analysis(1)
2014 | 2015 | TTM 3/31/2016 | U/W | % of U/W Effective Gross Income | U/W $ per SF | |
Base Rent | $8,795,391 | $8,949,200 | $8,988,325 | $9,659,219(2) | 82.8% | $42.00 |
Grossed Up Vacant Space | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 |
Total Reimbursables | 1,389,367 | 1,411,333 | 1,211,984 | 1,309,053 | 11.2 | 5.69 |
Other Income | 1,329,897 | 1,076,098 | 1,035,764 | 1,295,511 | 11.1 | 5.63 |
Less Vacancy & Credit Loss | 0 | 0 | 0 | (598,872)(3) | (5.1) | (2.60) |
Effective Gross Income | $11,514,655 | $11,436,631 | $11,236,073 | $11,664,912 | 100.0% | $50.72 |
Total Operating Expenses | $3,632,177
| $3,641,640
| $3,663,478
| $3,645,672
| 31.3%
| $15.85
|
Net Operating Income | $7,882,478 | $7,794,991 | $7,572,595 | $8,019,240 | 68.7% | $34.87 |
TI/LC | 0 | 0 | 0 | 550,230 | 4.7 | 2.39 |
Capital Expenditures | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46,000 | 0.4 | 0.20 |
Net Cash Flow | $7,882,478 | $7,794,991 | $7,572,595 | $7,423,010 | 63.6% | 32.27 |
NOI DSCR(4) | 2.08x | 2.06x | 2.00x | 2.11x | ||
NCF DSCR(4) | 2.08x | 2.06x | 2.00x | 1.96x | ||
NOI DY(4) | 9.1% | 9.0% | 8.7% | 9.2% | ||
NCF DY(4) | 9.1% | 9.0% | 8.7% | 8.5% |
(1) | Historical financial information was not provided prior to 2014, as one of the sponsors purchased a majority interest in the Pinnacle II Property in 2013 and is now managing the Pinnacle II Property through an affiliated company. |
(2) | U/W Base Rent reflects the average rent over the lease term. The current base rent is $9,099,396 annually ($39.56 per square foot). |
(3) | The underwritten economic vacancy is 6.2%. The Pinnacle II Property was 100.0% physically occupied as of August 1, 2016. |
(4) | The debt service coverage ratios and debt yields are based on the Pinnacle II Whole Loan. |
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PINNACLE II |
Appraisal. As of the appraisal valuation date of May 5, 2016, the Pinnacle II Property had an “as-is” appraised value of $142,000,000.
Environmental Matters. According to the Phase I environmental site assessment dated May 16, 2016, there was no evidence of any recognized environmental conditions at the Pinnacle II Property.
Market Overview and Competition. The Pinnacle II Property is located in the southwest portion of the city of Burbank, California, approximately 11.3 miles northwest of the Los Angeles central business district, in the area known as the “Media District”. In addition to its close proximity to the interstate network, Burbank is situated at the convergence of 14 local and express bus lines, making it the third most active Metropolitan Transit Authority bus transfer center in Los Angeles County. Burbank is referred to as the “media capital of the world” and is home to Warner Brothers, Walt Disney Company and NBC Studios. According to the appraisal, the 2015 estimated population within a one-, three- and five-mile radius of the Pinnacle II Property was 18,019, 191,728 and 645,328, respectively; while the 2015 estimated average household income within the same radii was $96,217, $88,976 and $84,324, respectively.
According to the appraisal, the Pinnacle II Property is located in the Media District micro-market of the Burbank office submarket. According to a third-party market research report, as of the first quarter of 2016, the Burbank class A office submarket contained a total inventory of 45 buildings totaling approximately 7.3 million square feet with a 12.4% vacancy rate. Excluding a 498,386 square foot building (“The Tower”) that is still in lease-up after the sole tenant vacated, the submarket vacancy rate is approximately 6.6%. Since 1996, the Burbank class A submarket has reported an average occupancy rate of 89.5%. According to the appraisal, for the same period, the Burbank Media District micro-market contained a total inventory of 3.2 million square feet with a 17.6% vacancy rate. Excluding The Tower, the micro-market vacancy rate is approximately 8.0%. The appraiser concluded to a market rent for the Pinnacle II Property of $42.00 per square foot with 3.0% annual escalations.
The following table presents certain information relating to comparable office leases for the Pinnacle II Property:
Comparable Leases(1)
Property Name/Location | Year Built/ Renovated | Number of Stories | Total GLA (SF) | Total Occupancy | Distance from Subject | Tenant Name | Lease Date/Term | Lease Area (SF) | Annual Base Rent PSF | Lease Type |
Burbank Studios Burbank, CA | 1956/NAV | 3 | 114,943 | 37.3% | <0.1 mile | NAV | 1st Qtr 2015 / 10.0 Yrs | 108,000 | $36.00 | NNN |
The Tower Burbank, CA | 1969/NAV | 32 | 498,386 | 30.4% | 0.5 miles | NAV | 1st Qtr 2016 / 10.0 Yrs | 37,370 | $39.00 | FSG |
Legacy Media Tower Burbank, CA | 1986/NAV | 10 | 150,755 | 96.3% | 0.5 miles | NAV | 2nd Qtr 2016 / 5.4 Yrs | 1,900 | $39.00 | FSG |
The Pinnacle I Burbank, CA | 2002/NAV | 6 | 393,776 | 95.1% | <0.1 mile | NAV | 4th Qtr 2015 / 10.8 Yrs | 75,214 | $42.00 | FSG |
Central Park at Toluca Lake Burbank, CA | 1985/NAV | 15 | 249,000 | 81.8% | 0.2 miles | NAV | 1st Qtr 2016 / 5 Yrs | 3,898 | $42.60 | FSG |
Business Arts Plaza Burbank, CA | 1985/NAV | 8 | 152,469 | 71.4% | 0.4 miles | NAV | 2nd Qtr 2016 / 5 Yrs | 60,000 | $38.40 | FSG |
The Pointe – Phase I Burbank, CA | 2009/NAV | 14 | 480,645 | 93.2% | 0.4 miles | NAV | NAV | NAV | $46.20 | FSG |
(1) | Information obtained from the appraisal and third-party market research reports. |
The Borrower. The borrower is P2 Hudson MC Partners, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and single purpose entity with two independent directors. Legal counsel to the borrower delivered a non-consolidation opinion in connection with the origination of the Pinnacle II Whole Loan. Hudson MC Partners, LLC is the guarantor of certain nonrecourse carveouts under the Pinnacle II Whole Loan.
The Sponsors. The sponsors are Hudson Pacific Properties, L.P. (“Hudson Pacific”) and M. David Paul Development, LLC (“M. David Paul”). Founded in 2006, Hudson Pacific is a vertically integrated real estate company focused on acquiring, repositioning, developing and operating high quality office and state-of-the-art media and entertainment properties in select west coast markets. Hudson Pacific has assembled a commercial real estate portfolio totaling approximately 17.0 million square feet in submarkets throughout Northern and Southern California and the Pacific Northwest. Founded in 1967, M. David Paul has engaged in development and acquisition activities focused in the Los Angeles area. M. David Paul, along with its sister companies, Worthe Real Estate Group and Krismar Construction, own and operate a portfolio of 24 commercial real estate properties totaling approximately 5.3 million square feet, including six office buildings totaling 2.3 million square feet in the Burbank Media District submarket, accounting for approximately 60.9% of the total submarket inventory.
Escrows. The loan documents provide for an upfront escrow at closing in the amount of $370,935 for real estate taxes. The loan documents provide for ongoing monthly reserves of $123,645 for real estate taxes. Ongoing reserves for insurance premiums are not required as long as (i) no event of default has occurred and is continuing; (ii) the Pinnacle II Property is insured via an acceptable blanket insurance policy; and (iii) the borrower provides the lender with evidence of renewal of the insurance policies and timely proof of payment of insurance premiums. Upon the occurrence of a Cash Trap Event Period (as defined below), ongoing
A-3-51 |
PINNACLE II |
monthly replacement reserves of $3,833 will be required, subject to a cap of $138,000 provided no event of default has occurred and is continuing and the lender determines the Pinnacle II Property is being adequately maintained.
Lockbox and Cash Management. The Pinnacle II Whole Loan requires a lender-controlled lockbox account, which is already in place and that the borrower directs all tenants to pay their rents directly to such lockbox account. The loan documents also require that all rents received by the borrower or the property manager be deposited into the lockbox account. Prior to the occurrence of a Cash Trap Event Period (as defined below), all excess funds are distributed to the borrower. During a Cash Trap Event Period, all excess cash flow is required to be swept to a lender-controlled cash management account.
A “Cash Trap Event Period” will commence upon the earlier of (i) the occurrence and continuance of an event of default; (ii) the amortizing debt service coverage ratio falling below 1.30x at the end of any calendar month; (iii) Warner Brothers going dark in 35.0% or more of its space; (iv) Warner Brothers vacating or otherwise failing to occupy its premises; (v) Warner Brothers failing to exercise its lease extension option at least 18 months prior to lease expiration or (vi) Warner Brothers filing for bankruptcy or a similar insolvency proceeding. A Cash Trap Event Period will end, with respect to clause (i), upon the cure of such event of default; with respect to clause (ii), upon the amortizing debt service coverage ratio being equal to or greater than 1.35x for two consecutive calendar quarters; with respect to clause (iii), upon the earlier of (a) Warner Brothers re-occupying more than 65.0% of the net rentable area for 180 consecutive days or (b) the amount on deposit in the excess cash flow reserve equaling $9.2 million; with respect to clause (iv), upon the earliest of (x) the Warner Brothers lease being renewed or extended, (y) the borrower releasing the space to an acceptable replacement tenant and the replacement tenant commencing rent payments or (z) the amount on deposit in the excess cash flow reserve equaling $9.2 million; with respect to clause (v), upon the earlier of (a) the Warner Brothers lease being renewed or (b) the amount on deposit in the excess cash flow reserve equaling $9.2 million (provided that the borrower is required to deposit an amount equal to (1) $40 per square foot for all non-renewed space, minus (2) the aggregate amount on deposit at the end of the 18-month notice period); and with respect to clause (vi), upon the earlier of (x) the bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings being terminated or the Warner Brothers lease being affirmed or (y) the amount on deposit in the excess cash flow reserve equaling $9.2 million.
Property Management. The Pinnacle II Property is managed by an affiliate of the borrower.
Assumption. The borrower has a two-time right to transfer the Pinnacle II Property provided that certain conditions are satisfied, including (i) no event of default has occurred and is continuing; (ii) the lender has reasonably determined that the proposed transferee and guarantor satisfy the lender’s credit review and underwriting standards, taking into consideration transferee experience, financial strength and general business standing; and (iii) if requested by lender, rating agency confirmation from Fitch, KBRA, Moody’s and S&P that such assumption will not result in a downgrade, withdrawal or qualification of the respective ratings assigned to the Series 2016-BNK1 certificates and similar confirmations from each rating agency rating any securities backed by any Pinnacle II Companion Loans with respect to the ratings of such securities.
Right of First Offer. Warner Brothers has a right of first offer (“ROFO”) to purchase the Pinnacle II Property if the borrower decides to market the building for sale. The ROFO is not extinguished by foreclosure; however, the ROFO does not apply to foreclosure or deed in lieu thereof.
Partial Release. Provided no event of default has occurred and is continuing, the borrower has the right to transfer and obtain a free release of excess development rights related to the Pinnacle II Property.
Real Estate Substitution. Not permitted.
Subordinate and Mezzanine Indebtedness. None.
Ground Lease. None.
Terrorism Insurance. The loan documents require that the “all risk” insurance policy required to be maintained by the borrower provide coverage for terrorism in an amount equal to the full replacement cost of the Pinnacle II Property, as well as business interruption insurance covering no less than the 24-month period following the occurrence of a casualty event, together with a six-month extended period of indemnity.
Earthquake Insurance. The loan documents do not require earthquake insurance. The seismic report indicated a probable maximum loss of 10%.
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BREWERS HILL |
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BREWERS HILL |
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BREWERS HILL |
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No. 6 – Brewers Hill | |||||||
Loan Information | Property Information | ||||||
Mortgage Loan Seller: | Wells Fargo Bank, National Association | Single Asset/Portfolio: | Single Asset | ||||
Property Type: | Mixed Use | ||||||
Original Principal Balance: | $40,000,000 | Specific Property Type: | Office/Self Storage | ||||
Cut-off Date Balance: | $40,000,000 | Location: | Baltimore, MD | ||||
% of Initial Pool Balance: | 4.6% | Size: | 382,213 SF | ||||
Loan Purpose: | Refinance | Cut-off Date Balance Per SF: | $104.65 | ||||
Borrower Names: | Gunther Headquarters LLC; NB3601 LLC; National East LLC | Year Built/Renovated: | 1885/2005 | ||||
Sponsor: | D.W. Wells Obrecht | Title Vesting: | Fee | ||||
Mortgage Rate: | 4.300% | Property Manager: | Self-managed | ||||
Note Date: | July 7, 2016 | 4th Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 96.7% (12/31/2012) | ||||
Anticipated Repayment Date: | NAP | 3rd Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 96.3% (12/31/2013) | ||||
Maturity Date: | July 11, 2026 | 2nd Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 95.9% (12/31/2014) | ||||
IO Period: | 36 months | Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 96.1% (12/31/2015) | ||||
Loan Term (Original): | 120 months | Current Occupancy (As of): | 92.6% (6/1/2016) | ||||
Seasoning: | 1 month | ||||||
Amortization Term (Original): | 360 months | Underwriting and Financial Information: | |||||
Loan Amortization Type: | Interest-only, Amortizing Balloon | ||||||
Interest Accrual Method: | Actual/360 | 4th Most Recent NOI (As of): | $4,756,040 (12/31/2013) | ||||
Call Protection: | L(25),D(91),O(4) | 3rd Most Recent NOI (As of)(2): | $4,819,340 (12/31/2014) | ||||
Lockbox Type: | Soft/Springing Cash Management | 2nd Most Recent NOI (As of)(2): | $3,636,583 (12/31/2015) | ||||
Additional Debt: | None | Most Recent NOI (As of): | $3,840,279 (TTM 4/30/2016) | ||||
Additional Debt Type: | NAP | ||||||
U/W Revenues: | $6,258,979 | ||||||
U/W Expenses: | $2,360,834 | ||||||
U/W NOI: | $3,898,144 | ||||||
U/W NCF: | $3,334,842 | ||||||
Escrows and Reserves(1): | U/W NOI DSCR: | 1.64x | |||||
U/W NCF DSCR: | 1.40x | ||||||
Type: | Initial | Monthly | Cap (If Any) | U/W NOI Debt Yield: | 9.7% | ||
Taxes | $53,116 | $53,118 | NAP | U/W NCF Debt Yield: | 8.3% | ||
Insurance | $0 | Springing | NAP | As-Is Appraised Value: | $58,000,000 | ||
Replacement Reserves | $0 | $6,370 | NAP | As-Is Appraisal Valuation Date: | May 26, 2016 | ||
TI/LC Reserve | $1,500,000 | $48,000 | NAP | Cut-off Date LTV Ratio: | 69.0% | ||
Cigna TI/LC Reserve | $331,511 | $0 | NAP | LTV Ratio at Maturity or ARD: | 60.1% | ||
(1) | See “Escrows” section. |
(2) | See “Cash Flow Analysis” section. |
The Mortgage Loan. The mortgage loan (the “Brewers Hill Mortgage Loan”) is evidenced by a single promissory note secured by a first mortgage encumbering a mixed use property located in Baltimore, Maryland (the “Brewers Hill Property”). The Brewers Hill Mortgage Loan was originated on July 7, 2016 by Wells Fargo Bank, National Association. The Brewers Hill Mortgage Loan had an original principal balance of $40,000,000, has an outstanding principal balance as of the Cut-off Date of $40,000,000 and accrues interest at an interest rate of 4.300% per annum. The Brewers Hill Mortgage Loan had an initial term of 120 months, has a remaining term of 119 months as of the Cut-off Date and requires interest-only payments for the first 36 payments following origination and, thereafter, requires payments of principal and interest based on a 30-year amortization schedule. The Brewers Hill Mortgage Loan matures on July 11, 2026.
Following the lockout period, the borrower has the right to defease the Brewers Hill Mortgage Loan in whole, but not in part, on any date before April 11, 2026. In addition, the Brewers Hill Mortgage Loan is prepayable without penalty on or after April 11, 2026.
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BREWERS HILL |
Sources and Uses
Sources | Uses | |||||||
Original loan amount | $40,000,000 | 100.0% | Loan payoff(1) | $35,970,161 | 89.9% | |||
Reserves | 1,884,627 | 4.7 | ||||||
Closing costs | 892,304 | 2.2 | ||||||
Return of equity | 1,252,908 | 3.1 | ||||||
Total Sources | $40,000,000 | 100.0% | Total Uses | $40,000,000 | 100.0% |
(1) | The Brewers Hill Property was previously securitized in the JPMCC 2006-CB17 transaction. |
The Property. The Brewers Hill Property is a mixed use office/self storage complex totaling 382,213 square feet situated on a 6.2-acre parcel located within the Canton neighborhood of Baltimore, Maryland, approximately 2.9 miles southeast of the central business district. The Brewers Hill Property comprises 11 adjacent buildings which represent the adaptive reuse of the original National Brewery and Gunther Brewery complexes which were constructed in phases from 1885 to 1966 and underwent a complete renovation in 2005. The Brewers Hill Property is situated within a larger 27.0-acre planned unit development that also includes three multifamily buildings totaling 782 units and 237,000 square feet of retail space (not part of the collateral). In total, investment grade tenants (Cigna-Healthspring (“Cigna”) and AOL Advertising (based on its parent company, Verizon)) account for approximately 38.1% of the net rentable area and 53.6% of the underwritten base rent at the Brewers Hill Property. The Brewers Hill Property features 530 surface parking spaces resulting in a parking ratio of 1.4 spaces per 1,000 feet of rentable area. As of June 1, 2016, the Brewers Hill Property was 92.6% occupied by 22 tenants (28 leases).
The Brewers Hill Property includes three components: Natty Boh Tower (183,561 square feet; 48.0% of the net rentable area), National East (157,390 square feet; 41.2% of the net rentable area) and the Gunther Headquarters building (41,262 square feet; 10.8% of the net rentable area). The Natty Boh Tower consists of five connected brick buildings ranging in height from three to nine stories containing approximately 183,561 square feet; seven floors of the Natty Boh Tower are leased to Canton Self Storage, which contains 748 self-storage units (managed by CubeSmart) and reported 95.9% occupancy as of May 2016. The National East section of the complex includes four interconnected buildings that range from one to three stories and contain approximately 157,390 square feet. Approximately 25,489 square feet of the National East buildings consist of flex/storage space with the remainder used for office use. Major tenants of the National East office space include AOL Advertising, Cigna and Development Design Group (“DDG”). The Gunther Headquarters building consists of a one and two-story former brewery building containing approximately 41,262 square feet and is fully leased to Cigna.
The following table presents certain information relating to the Brewers Hill Property:
Property Name | Specific Property Type(1) | Number of Buildings(1) | Number of Stories(1) | Net Rentable Area (SF)(1) | Storage/Flex Net Rentable Area (SF)(1) | Office Net Rentable Area (SF)(1) | Office % of NRSF(1) | Largest Tenant Name |
Natty Boh Tower | Office/Self Storage | 5 | 3-9 | 183,561 | 112,000 | 71,561 | 39.0% | Canton Self Storage |
National East | Office/Storage | 4 | 1-3 | 157,390 | 25,489 | 131,901 | 83.8% | Cigna |
Gunther Headquarters | Office | 2 | 1-2 | 41,262 | 0 | 41,262 | 100.0% | Cigna |
Total/Weighted Average | 11 | 382,213 | 137,489 | 244,724 | 64.0% |
(1) | Information obtained from the appraisal. |
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BREWERS HILL |
The following table presents certain information relating to the tenancies at the Brewers Hill Property:
Major Tenants
Tenant Name | Credit Rating (Fitch/Moody’s/ S&P)(1) | Tenant NRSF | % of NRSF | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF(2) | Annual U/W Base Rent(2) | % of Total Annual U/W Base Rent | Lease Expiration Date |
Major Tenants | |||||||
Cigna(3) | BBB+/Baa1/A | 98,897(3) | 25.9% | $20.93(3) | $2,070,219(3) | 37.2% | Various(4)(5) |
AOL Advertising | A-/Baa1/BBB+ | 46,587 | 12.2% | $19.62 | $914,168 | 16.4% | 6/30/2022(6) |
Canton Self Storage(7) | NR/NR/NR | 112,000 | 29.3% | $5.66 | $634,312 | 11.4% | 5/31/2045 |
DDG | NR/NR/NR | 22,985 | 6.0% | $19.99 | $459,413 | 8.3% | 12/31/2024(8) |
AECOM | NR/NR/NR | 7,155 | 1.9% | $22.28 | $159,413 | 2.9% | 5/31/2019 |
Total Major Tenants | 287,624 | 75.3% | $14.73 | $4,237,526 | 76.1% | ||
Non-Major Tenants | 66,411 | 17.4% | $20.02 | $1,329,394 | 23.9% | ||
Occupied Collateral Total | 354,035 | 92.6% | $15.72 | $5,566,919 | 100.0% | ||
Vacant Space | 28,178 | 7.4% | |||||
Collateral Total | 382,213 | 100.0% | |||||
(1) | Certain ratings are those of the parent company whether or not the parent company guarantees the lease. |
(2) | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF and Annual U/W Base Rent include contractual rent steps through December 2016 totaling $169,077. |
(3) | Cigna subleases 4,770 square feet (1.2% of the net rentable area) to Blispay and 2,342 square feet (0.6%% of the net rentable area) to Coastal Lending on subleases expiring in June 2017 and November 2019, respectively. The aggregate sublease rent for both tenants of $153,654 ($21.60 per square foot) was underwritten as compared to Cigna’s direct lease rent for the subleased space of $194,300 ($27.32 per square foot). Cigna also subleases 25,017 square feet (6.5% of the net rentable area) from GES Exposition Services expiring in April 2019. The sublease rent of $408,276 ($16.32 per square foot) was underwritten as compared to GES Exposition Services’ direct lease rent of $479,826 ($19.18 per square foot). Cigna’s square footage and Annual U/W Base Rent presented above reflect all leased and subleased space. |
(4) | Cigna leases multiple suites under multiple leases with 4,770 square feet (1.2% of the net rentable area) in the Natty Boh Tower expiring in June 2017; 25,017 square feet (6.5% of the net rentable area) in National East expiring in April 2019; and 69,110 square feet (18.1% of the net rentable area) in the Gunther Headquarters, Natty Boh Tower and National East expiring in November 2019. |
(5) | Cigna has two, five-year lease extension options. |
(6) | AOL Advertising has the option to terminate its lease effective June 30, 2020 with required notice by September 30, 2019 and a termination fee of approximately $477,643. |
(7) | Canton Self Storage is owned by an affiliate of the sponsor. The sponsor personally guarantees the lease. |
(8) | DDG has the option to terminate its lease effective December 31, 2021 with required notice by March 31, 2021 and a termination fee of approximately $383,524. |
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BREWERS HILL |
The following table presents certain information relating to the lease rollover schedule at the Brewers Hill Property:
Lease Expiration Schedule(1)(2)
Year Ending December 31, | No. of Leases Expiring | Expiring NRSF | % of Total NRSF | Cumulative Expiring NRSF | Cumulative % of Total NRSF | Annual U/W Base Rent | % of Total Annual U/W Base Rent | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF(3) |
MTM | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2016 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2017 | 5 | 17,436 | 4.6% | 17,436 | 4.6% | $387,340 | 7.0% | $22.21 |
2018 | 3 | 7,158 | 1.9% | 24,594 | 6.4% | $149,481 | 2.7% | $20.88 |
2019 | 10 | 118,524 | 31.0% | 143,118 | 37.4% | $2,363,360 | 42.5% | $19.94 |
2020 | 4 | 18,072 | 4.7% | 161,190 | 42.2% | $405,451 | 7.3% | $22.44 |
2021 | 2 | 6,503 | 1.7% | 167,693 | 43.9% | $141,300 | 2.5% | $21.73 |
2022 | 1 | 46,587 | 12.2% | 214,280 | 56.1% | $914,168 | 16.4% | $19.62 |
2023 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 214,280 | 56.1% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2024 | 2 | 27,755 | 7.3% | 242,035 | 63.3% | $571,508 | 10.3% | $20.59 |
2025 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 242,035 | 63.3% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2026 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 242,035 | 63.3% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
Thereafter | 1 | 112,000 | 29.3% | 354,035 | 92.6% | $634,312 | 11.4% | $5.66 |
Vacant | 0 | 28,178 | 7.4% | 382,213 | 100.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
Total/Weighted Average | 28 | 382,213 | 100.0% | $5,566,919 | 100.0% | $15.72 |
(1) | Information obtained from the underwritten rent roll. |
(2) | Certain tenants may have lease termination options that are exercisable prior to the originally stated expiration date of the subject lease and that are not considered in the Lease Expiration Schedule. |
(3) | Weighted Average Annual U/W Base Rent PSF excludes vacant space. |
The following table presents historical occupancy percentages at the Brewers Hill Property:
Historical Occupancy
12/31/2012(1) | 12/31/2013(1) | 12/31/2014(1) | 12/31/2015(1) | 6/1/2016(2) |
96.7% | 96.3% | 95.9% | 96.1% | 92.6% |
(1) | Information obtained from the borrower. |
(2) | Information obtained from the underwritten rent roll. |
Operating History and Underwritten Net Cash Flow. The following table presents certain information relating to the historical operating performance and underwritten net cash flow at the Brewers Hill Property:
Cash Flow Analysis
2013 | 2014 | 2015 | TTM 4/30/2016 | U/W | % of U/W Effective Gross Income | U/W $ per SF | |||||||||
Base Rent | $5,730,956 | $5,865,884 | $5,161,714 | $5,474,497 | $5,566,919(2) | 88.9% | $14.56 | ||||||||
Grossed Up Vacant Space | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 353,698 | 5.7 | 0.93 | ||||||||
Total Reimbursables | 780,573 | 732,070 | 653,782 | 641,069 | 614,111 | 9.8 | 1.61 | ||||||||
Other Income | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 77,948(3) | 1.2 | 0.20 | ||||||||
Less Vacancy & Credit Loss | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (353,698)(4) | (5.7) | (0.93) | ||||||||
Effective Gross Income | $6,511,530 | $6,597,954 | $5,815,496 | $6,115,566 | $6,258,979 | 100.0% | $16.38 | ||||||||
Total Operating Expenses | $1,755,490 | $1,778,614 | $2,178,913 | $2,275,287 | $2,360,834 | 37.7% | $6.18 | ||||||||
Net Operating Income | $4,756,040 | $4,819,340(1) | $3,636,583(1) | $3,840,279 | $3,898,144 | 62.3% | $10.20 | ||||||||
TI/LC | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 486,860 | 7.8 | 1.27 | ||||||||
Capital Expenditures | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76,443 | 1.2 | 0.20 | ||||||||
Net Cash Flow | $4,756,040 | $4,819,340 | $3,636,583 | $3,840,279 | $3,334,842 | 53.3% | $8.73 | ||||||||
NOI DSCR | 2.00x | 2.03x | 1.53x | 1.62x | 1.64x | ||||||||||
NCF DSCR | 2.00x | 2.03x | 1.53x | 1.62x | 1.40x | ||||||||||
NOI DY | 11.9% | 12.0% | 9.1% | 9.6% | 9.7% | ||||||||||
NCF DY | 11.9% | 12.0% | 9.1% | 9.6% | 8.3% |
(1) | Net Operating Income decreased from 2014 to 2015 primarily due to down time related to DDG relocating to another suite and AOL Advertising moving into the former DDG space. |
(2) | U/W Base Rent includes contractual rent steps through December 2016 totaling $169,077. |
(3) | U/W Other Income includes rent related to wireless antennas. |
(4) | The underwritten economic vacancy is 6.0%. The Brewers Hill Property was 92.6% physically occupied as of June 1, 2016. |
Appraisal. As of the appraisal valuation date of May 26, 2016, the Brewers Hill Property had an “as-is” appraised value of $58,000,000.
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BREWERS HILL |
Environmental Matters. According to the Phase I environmental report dated March 8, 2016, there was no evidence of any recognized environmental conditions at the Brewers Hill Property.
Market Overview and Competition. The Brewers Hill Property is located at the northeast and southeast quadrants of O’Donnell Street and S. Conkling Street within the Brewers Hill area in eastern Baltimore City, Maryland. Regional access is provided by major thoroughfares which link surrounding suburban communities to downtown Baltimore including Interstate 83 to the north, the Baltimore-Washington Parkway (Interstate 295) and Interstate 95 to the south and Maryland Route 40 from the east and west. The Brewers Hill and adjacent Canton area is a waterfront community that was historically an industrial area that has undergone significant urban renewal with mixed-use development including residential and retail uses. The Brewers Hill Property is located approximately 2.0 miles east of the Harbor East neighborhood (home to the Legg Mason global headquarters, the Johns Hopkins Carey School of Business and the Four Seasons Baltimore), approximately 2.9 miles southeast of the central business district and 5.9 miles southeast of Johns Hopkins University. Johns Hopkins University and the Johns Hopkins Health System are the largest private employers in the Baltimore metropolitan statistical area with approximately 52,226 employees. The Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center is located approximately 1.5 miles northeast of the Brewers Hill Property, which is a primary demand generator for employment, office space and housing in the local area. Founded in 1773, the Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center is one of six member institutions in the Johns Hopkins Health System and one of the oldest, continuous health care institutions on the East Coast. Since 1984, approximately $600.0 million has been invested in the Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center to transform and modernize the campus.
The Brewers Hill Property is part of the $220.0 million Brewers Hill planned unit development, which is a mixed-use project containing approximately 27.0 acres and includes approximately 500,000 square feet of office space, 237,000 square feet of retail space, 50,000 square feet of flex space, as well as three apartment projects totaling 782 units. The Brewers Hill Property is located across the street from the Shops at Canton Crossing, a retail center anchored by Target and Harris Teeter and featuring several restaurants, including On The Border, Chick-Fil-A and Red Robin. The 2015 population within a one-, three- and five-mile radius of the Brewers Hill Property was 25,998, 171,501 and 466,625, respectively, while the 2015 average household income for the same radii was $78,321, $64,241 and $57,675, respectively.
According to a third party market research report, the Brewers Hill Property is located in the Baltimore Southeast office submarket within the Baltimore office market. As of the second quarter of 2016, the Baltimore Southeast office submarket was comprised of 445 buildings totaling approximately 9.4 million square feet and reported a 4.6% vacancy rate and average asking gross rent of $23.44 per square foot. Further, the micro market located within a one-mile radius of the Brewers Hill Property was comprised of 147 buildings totaling approximately 2.4 million square feet and reported a 2.9% direct vacancy rate as of the second quarter of 2016.
The following table presents certain information relating to comparable office leases for the Brewers Hill Property:
Comparable Leases(1)
Property Name/Location | Year Built/ Renovated | Stories | Total GLA (SF) | Total Occupancy | Distance from Subject | Tenant Name | Lease Date/Term | Lease Area (SF) | Annual Base Rent PSF | Lease Type |
Foundry on Fort Ave Baltimore, MD | 1900/2003 | 4 | 62,048 | 90% | 3.0 miles | Exponential Interactive | March 2016 / 3.0 Yrs | 3,346 | $23.29 | MG |
McHenry Row II Baltimore, MD | 1921/2014 | 4 | 140,000 | 82% | 2.9 miles | Maryland Automobile Insurance Fund | May 2015 / 15.0 Yrs | 60,000 | $23.95 | MG |
The Warehouse at Baltimore, MD | 1905/1991 | 8 | 350,000 | 86% | 3.4 miles | Wolters Kluwer | March 2015 / 7.0 Yrs | 33,000 | $21.75 | MG |
South Harbor Baltimore, MD | 1920/2002 | 3 | 47,410 | 100% | 3.2 miles | Cyberspa, LLC | February 2015 / 5.4 Yrs | 4,000 | $19.50 | MG |
Swann’s Warf Baltimore, MD | 1850/1986 | 2 | 10,000 | 100% | 1.6 miles | Vaccinogen, Inc. | February 2015 / 3.4 Yrs | 10,000 | $20.75 | MG |
The Can Company Baltimore, MD | 1895/2014 | 4 | 206,992 | 100% | 0.9 miles | Confidential | October 2014 / 10.0 Yrs | 111,004 | $25.75 | MG |
(1) | Information obtained from the appraisal and a third party market report. |
The Borrowers. The borrowers are Gunther Headquarters LLC, NB3601 LLC and National East LLC, each a Maryland limited liability company and a single purpose entity with one independent director. Legal counsel to the borrowers delivered a non-consolidation opinion in connection with the origination of the Brewers Hill Mortgage Loan. D.W. Wells Obrecht is the guarantor of certain nonrecourse carveouts under the Brewers Hill Mortgage Loan.
The Sponsor. The sponsor is D.W. Wells Obrecht. Mr. Obrecht owns Obrecht Commercial Real Estate Group which was the master developer of the Brewer Hill planned unit development which contains approximately 2.0 million square feet of commercial, retail and residential space. Mr. Obrecht has a net worth in excess of $47.0 million.
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BREWERS HILL |
Escrows. The loan documents provide for upfront reserves of $53,116 for real estate taxes, $1.5 million for tenant improvements and leasing commissions (“TI/LCs”) and $331,511 for outstanding TI/LCs related to the Cigna lease. The loan documents also provide for ongoing monthly reserves of $53,118 for real estate taxes; $6,370 for replacement reserves; and $48,000 for TI/LCs for the first three years of the Brewers Hill Mortgage Loan term and, thereafter, monthly deposits of $40,000 are required upon the balance of the TI/LCs reserve falling below $1.0 million. The loan documents do not require monthly escrows for insurance premiums as long as (i) no event of default has occurred and is continuing; (ii) the Brewers Hill Property is insured under an acceptable blanket insurance policy; and (iii) the borrower provides the lender with evidence of renewal of the policies and timely proof of the payment of insurance premiums.
Lockbox and Cash Management. The Brewers Hill Mortgage Loan requires a lender-controlled lockbox account, which is already in place, and the borrower and property manager are required to deposit all rents directly into such lockbox account within two business days of receipt. Prior to the occurrence of a Cash Trap Event Period (as defined below), all funds on deposit in the lockbox account are required to be disbursed to the borrower. Upon the occurrence of a Cash Trap Event Period, the borrowers or manager are required to cause all rents to be deposited directly into such lockbox account and all excess funds in the lockbox account will be swept to a lender-controlled subaccount.
A “Cash Trap Event Period” will commence upon (i) the occurrence and continuance of an event of default; (ii) the amortizing debt service coverage ratio being less than 1.15x at the end of any calendar month; or (iii) Cigna failing to renew its lease or leases at least 12 months prior to expiration for at least 26,000 square feet and the projected amortizing debt service coverage ratio based on the expiration of such non-renewed lease or leases is less than 1.25x. A Cash Trap Event Period will end, with respect to clause (i), upon the cure of such event of default; with respect to clause (ii), upon the amortizing debt service coverage ratio being at least 1.25x for two consecutive calendar quarters; and with respect to clause (iii), (a) upon the lender receiving evidence that Cigna has exercised its renewal options or (b), with respect to any space occupied by Cigna at origination, upon the lender receiving evidence that the Cigna space has been leased to one or more an acceptable replacement tenants, and such tenants are open for business and paying full, unabated rent.
Property Management. The Brewers Hill Office Property is managed by an affiliate of the borrower.
Assumption. The borrower has the two-time right to transfer the Brewers Hill Property, provided that certain conditions are satisfied, including (i) no event of default has occurred and is continuing; (ii) the lender has reasonably determined that the proposed transferee and guarantor satisfy the lender’s credit review and underwriting standards, taking into consideration the transferee’s experience, financial strength and general business standing; and (iii) if required by the lender, rating agency confirmation from Fitch, KBRA, Moody’s and S&P that the transfer will not result in a downgrade, withdrawal or qualification of the respective ratings assigned to the Series 2016-BNK1 certificates.
Partial Release. Not permitted.
Real Estate Substitution. Not permitted.
Subordinate and Mezzanine Indebtedness. Not permitted.
Ground Lease. None.
Terrorism Insurance. The loan documents require that the “all risk” insurance policy required to be maintained by the borrower provide coverage for terrorism in an amount equal to the full replacement cost of the Brewers Hill Property, as well as business interruption insurance covering no less than the 18-month period following the occurrence of a casualty event, together with a six-month extended period of indemnity.
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No. 7 – Simon Premium Outlets | ||||||||
Loan Information | Property Information | |||||||
Mortgage Loan Seller: | Bank of America, N.A. | Single Asset/Portfolio: | Portfolio | |||||
Property Type: | Retail | |||||||
Original Principal Balance(1): | $37,500,000 | Specific Property Type: | Outlet Center | |||||
Cut-off Date Balance(1): | $37,399,290 | Location: | Various – See Table | |||||
% of Initial Pool Balance: | 4.3% | Size: | 782,765 SF | |||||
Loan Purpose: | Refinance | Cut-off Date Balance Per SF(1): | $133.78 | |||||
Borrower Names(2): | Various | Year Built/Renovated: | Various – See Table | |||||
Sponsor(3): | Simon Property Group, L.P. | Title Vesting: | Fee | |||||
Mortgage Rate: | 4.168% | Property Manager: | Self-managed | |||||
Note Date: | June 1, 2016 | 4th Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 94.7% (12/31/2012) | |||||
Anticipated Repayment Date: | NAP | 3rd Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 95.4% (12/31/2013) | |||||
Maturity Date: | June 1, 2026 | 2nd Most Recent Occupancy(As of): | 96.4% (12/31/2014) | |||||
IO Period: | 0 months | Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 95.1% (12/31/2015) | |||||
Loan Term (Original): | 120 months | Current Occupancy (As of): | 93.7% (5/19/2016) | |||||
Seasoning: | 2 months | |||||||
Amortization Term (Original): | 360 months | Underwriting and Financial Information: | ||||||
Loan Amortization Type: | Amortizing, Balloon | |||||||
Interest Accrual Method: | Actual/360 | 4th Most Recent NOI (As of): | $16,529,975 (12/31/2013) | |||||
Call Protection(4): | L(26),D(87),O(7) | 3rd Most Recent NOI (As of): | $17,379,729 (12/31/2014) | |||||
Lockbox Type: | Hard/Springing Cash Management | 2nd Most Recent NOI (As of): | $17,863,226 (12/31/2015) | |||||
Additional Debt(1): | Yes | Most Recent NOI (As of): | $18,457,410 (TTM 3/31/2016) | |||||
Additional Debt Type(1): | Pari Passu | |||||||
U/W Revenues: | $24,497,300 | |||||||
U/W Expenses: | $7,416,196 | |||||||
U/W NOI: | $17,081,104 | |||||||
U/W NCF: | $15,675,535 | |||||||
Escrows and Reserves(5): | U/W NOI DSCR(1): | 2.78x | ||||||
U/W NCF DSCR(1): | 2.55x | |||||||
Type: | Initial | Monthly | Cap (If Any) | U/W NOI Debt Yield(1): | 16.3% | |||
Taxes | $0 | Springing | NAP | U/W NCF Debt Yield(1): | 15.0% | |||
Insurance | $0 | Springing | NAP | As-Is Appraised Value: | $223,700,000 | |||
Replacement Reserves | $0 | Springing | $391,383 | As-Is Appraisal Valuation Date(6): | Various | |||
TI/LC Reserve | $0 | Springing | $3,522,443 | Cut-off Date LTV Ratio(1): | 46.8% | |||
Deferred Maintenance | $0 | $0 | NAP | LTV Ratio at Maturity or ARD(1): | 37.5% | |||
(1) | The Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan (as defined below), which had an original principal balance of $105,000,000, is comprised of three pari passu notes (Notes A-1, A-2 and A-3). The controlling Note A-1 had an original balance of $37,500,000, has an outstanding principal balance of $37,399,290 as of the Cut-off Date and will be contributed to the WFCM 2016-BNK1 Trust. The non-controlling Note A-2, which had an original principal balance of $35,000,000, and non-controlling Note A-3, which had an original principal balance of $32,500,000, are expected to be contributed to one or more future securitization trusts. All statistical information related to balances per square foot, loan-to-value ratios, debt service coverage ratios and debt yields are based on the Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan. |
(2) | The borrowers are Calhoun Outlets LLC, Gaffney Outlets LLC and Lee Outlets LLC. |
(3) | See “The Sponsor” section. |
(4) | The defeasance lockout period will be at least 26 payment dates beginning with and including the first payment date of July 1, 2016. Defeasance of the Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan is permitted after the date that is the earlier of (i) two years after the closing date of the securitization that includes the last note to be securitized and (ii) December 1, 2019. The assumed lockout period of 26 payments is based on the expected WFCM 2016-BNK1 Trust closing date in August 2016. |
(5) | See “Escrows” section. |
(6) | See “Appraisal” section. |
The Mortgage Loan. The mortgage loan (the “Simon Premium Outlets Mortgage Loan”) is a part of a whole loan (the “Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan”) evidenced by three pari passu promissory notes (Notes A-1, A-2 and A-3) and secured by a first mortgage encumbering three outlet centers: Lee Premium Outlets located in Lee, Massachusetts (the “Lee Premium Outlets Property”), Gaffney Premium Outlets located in Gaffney, South Carolina (the “Gaffney Premium Outlets Property”) and Calhoun Premium Outlets located in Calhoun, Georgia (the “Calhoun Premium Outlets Property”) (collectively, the “Simon Premium Outlets Properties”). The Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan was originated on June 1, 2016 by Bank of America, N.A., had an original principal balance of $105,000,000, has an outstanding principal balance as of the Cut-off Date of $104,718,012 and accrues interest at an interest rate of 4.168% per annum. The Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan had an initial term of 120 months, has a remaining term of 118 months as of the Cut-off Date and requires principal and interest payments based on a 30-year amortization schedule through the term of the Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan. The Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan matures on June 1, 2026.
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SIMON PREMIUM OUTLETS |
The Simon Premium Outlets Mortgage Loan is evidenced by the controlling Note A-1, will be contributed to the WFCM 2016-BNK1 Trust, had an original principal balance of $37,500,000 and has an outstanding principal balance of $37,399,290 as of the Cut-off Date. The non-controlling Note A-2, with an original principal balance of $35,000,000, and the non-controlling Note A-3, with an original principal balance of $32,500,000 (together, the “Simon Premium Outlets Companion Loan”), are expected to be contributed to one or more future securitization trusts. The lender provides no assurances that any non-securitized pari passu note will not be split further. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans—The Serviced Pari Passu Whole Loans—Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan” in the Preliminary Prospectus.
Pari Passu Note Summary
Original Balance | Note Holder | Controlling Piece | |
Note A-1 | $37,500,000 | WFCM 2016-BNK1 | Yes |
Note A-2 | $35,000,000 | Bank of America, N.A. | No |
Note A-3 | $32,500,000 | Bank of America, N.A. | No |
Total | $105,000,000 |
During the lockout period, the borrower has the right to prepay the Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan in part to obtain the release of the Gaffney Premium Outlets Property and/or the Calhoun Premium Outlets Property, provided that such prepayment is in the amount of 120.0% of the allocated loan amount for the applicable property and is accompanied by a yield maintenance charge (see ”Partial Release” section); following the lockout period, the borrower has the right to defease the Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan in whole, or in part for the release of the Gaffney Premium Outlets Property and/or the Calhoun Premium Outlets Property, on any date before or on November 1, 2025. In addition, the Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan is prepayable without penalty after November 1, 2025.
Sources and Uses(1)
Sources | Uses | |||||||
Original whole loan amount | $105,000,000 | 100.0% | Loan payoff(1) | $102,360,551 | 97.5% | |||
Closing costs | 592,456 | 0.6 | ||||||
Return of equity | 2,046,993 | 1.9 | ||||||
Total Sources | $105,000,000 | 100.0% | Total Uses | $105,000,000 | 100.0% |
(1) | The Simon Premium Outlets Properties were previously securitized in the JPMCC 2006-CB16 transaction. |
The Properties. The Simon Premium Outlets Properties are secured by the fee interest in three cross-defaulted outlet properties totaling 782,765 square feet located in Lee, Massachusetts, Gaffney, South Carolina and Calhoun, Georgia. The Simon Premium Outlets Properties were 93.7% leased as of May 19, 2016 and generated total sales of approximately $215.9 million for the trailing-twelve month period ended March 2016, which was an approximate $1.1 million increase over 2015 sales.
The Lee Premium Outlets Property contains 224,825 square feet and is situated on a 104.8-acre parcel. The center was constructed in 1997 and consists of ten one-story buildings and one two-story building flanking a central village “Main Street” and includes a central food court. There are 1,098 surface parking spaces. The top three tenants by size at the Lee Premium Outlets Property are Gap Outlet (12,113 square feet), Nike Factory Store (9,966 square feet) and Banana Republic Factory Store (8,756 square feet). No other tenant comprises more than 3.5% of the net rentable area. The Lee Premium Outlets Property is 97.8% occupied and had inline sales of $401 per square foot for the trailing twelve months ended March 31, 2016, resulting in an occupancy cost of 11.9%. Net operating income for the trailing twelve months ended March 2016 was $8,128,469, resulting in an operating margin of 73.3%.
The Gaffney Premium Outlets Property contains 303,877 square feet and is situated on a 46.7-acre parcel. The center was constructed in 1996 and consists of five buildings, a food court and playground. There are 1,522 surface parking spaces. The top three tenants by size at the Gaffney Premium Outlets Property are Pottery Barn Furniture Outlet (18,286 square feet), Nike Factory Store (11,620 square feet) and Gap Outlet (8,970 square feet) with no other tenant comprising more than 2.8% of the net rentable area. The Gaffney Premium Outlets Property is also shadow anchored by a first-run movie theater known as The Big E. The Gaffney Premium Outlets Property is 90.5% occupied and had inline sales of $282 per square foot for the trailing twelve months ended March 31, 2016, resulting in an occupancy cost of 10.6%. Net operating income for the trailing twelve months ended March 2016 was $6,321,315, resulting in an operating margin of 69.9%.
The Calhoun Premium Outlets Property contains 254,063 square feet and is situated on a 27.7-acre parcel. The center was constructed in 1992 and consists of five buildings. There are 1,380 surface parking spaces. The top three tenants by size at the Calhoun Premium Outlets Property are V.F. Factory Outlet (26,000 square feet), LOFT Outlet (12,000 square feet) and Old Navy (12,000 square feet), with no other tenant comprising more than 4.6% of the net rentable area. The Calhoun Premium Outlets Property is 93.9% occupied and had inline sales of $233 per square foot for the trailing twelve months ended March 31, 2016, resulting in an occupancy cost of 9.1%. Net operating income for the trailing twelve months ended March 2016 was $4,007,626, resulting in an operating margin of 75.3%.
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The following table presents certain information relating to the Simon Premium Outlets Properties:
Property Name Location | Allocated Cut- off Date Balance | % of Portfolio Cut-off Date Balance | Occupancy(1) | Year Built/ Renovated | Net Rentable Area (SF) (2) | Appraised Value | Allocated LTV |
Lee Premium Outlets Property Lee, MA | $53,854,978 | 51.4% | 97.8% | 1997/NAP | 224,825 | $115,000,000 | 46.8% |
Gaffney Premium Outlets Property Gaffney, SC | $31,415,404 | 30.0% | 90.5% | 1996/NAP | 303,877 | $67,200,000 | 46.7% |
Calhoun Premium Outlets Property Calhoun, GA | $19,447,631 | 18.6% | 93.9% | 1992/NAP | 254,063 | $41,500,000 | 46.9% |
Total/Weighted Average | $104,718,012 | 100.0% | 93.7% | 782,765 | $223,700,000 | 46.8% |
(1) | Information obtained from the May 19, 2016 rent roll. |
(2) | Information obtained from the underwritten rent roll. |
The following table presents certain information relating to the tenancies at each of the Simon Premium Outlets Properties:
Major Tenants
Tenant Name | Credit Rating Moody’s/ | Tenant NRSF | % of NRSF | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF | Annual U/W Base Rent | % of Total Annual U/W Base Rent | Sales PSF(2) | Occupancy Cost(2) | Lease Expiration Date | |
Lee Premium Outlets Property | ||||||||||
Major Tenants | ||||||||||
Eddie Bauer Outlet | NR/NR/NR | 6,127 | 2.7% | $53.04 | $325,007 | 4.7% | $411 | 17.3% | 1/31/2025 | |
Dress Barn(3) | NR/NR/NR | 7,781 | 3.5% | $40.29 | $313,467 | 4.5% | $197 | 22.4% | MTM | |
Gap Outlet | BB+/Baa2/BB+ | 12,113 | 5.4% | $23.90 | $289,523 | 4.2% | $363 | 11.3% | 6/30/2017 | |
Brooks Brothers Factory Store | NR/NR/NR | 4,960 | 2.2% | $49.42 | $245,107 | 3.5% | $492 | 14.2% | 3/31/2025 | |
J. Crew Factory Store | NR/B2/B- | 6,988 | 3.1% | $35.00 | $244,580 | 3.5% | $456 | 11.8% | 1/31/2018 | |
Total Major Tenants | 37,969 | 16.9% | $37.34 | $1,417,684 | 20.5% | |||||
Non-Major Tenants | 174,719 | 77.7% | $31.51 | $5,505,582 | 79.5% | $401 | 11.9% | |||
Occupied Collateral Total | 212,688 | 94.6% | $32.55 | $6,923,266 | 100.0% | |||||
Vacant Space | 12,137 | 5.4% | ||||||||
Collateral Total | 224,825 | 100.0% | ||||||||
Gaffney Premium Outlets Property | ||||||||||
Major Tenants | ||||||||||
Pottery Barn Furniture Outlet | NR/NR/NR | 18,286 | 6.0% | $13.00 | $237,718 | 4.2% | $406 | 7.8% | 1/31/2020 | |
Gap Outlet | BB+/Baa2/BB+ | 8,970 | 3.0% | $25.06 | $224,746 | 4.0% | $272 | 15.1% | 7/31/2019 | |
Tommy Hilfiger(4) | NR/NR/NR | 6,225 | 2.0% | $32.64 | $203,184 | 3.6% | $259 | 12.7% | MTM | |
Banana Republic Factory Store | BB+/Baa2/BB+ | 8,584 | 2.8% | $22.80 | $195,690 | 3.5% | $245 | 10.5% | 5/31/2019 | |
The Children’s Place | NR/NR/NR | 6,547 | 2.2% | $29.22 | $191,303 | 3.4% | $250 | 15.5% | 1/31/2017 | |
Total Major Tenants | 48,612 | 16.0% | $21.65 | $1,052,641 | 18.6% | |||||
Non-Major Tenants | 226,494 | 74.5% | $20.39 | $4,617,711 | 81.4% | $282 | 10.6% | |||
Occupied Collateral Total | 275,106 | 90.5% | $20.61 | $5,670,352 | 100.0% | |||||
Vacant Space | 28,771 | 9.5% | ||||||||
Collateral Total | 303,877 | 100.0% | ||||||||
Calhoun Premium Outlets Property | ||||||||||
Major Tenants | ||||||||||
V.F. Factory Outlet | NR/A3/A | 26,000 | 10.2% | $16.53 | $429,780 | 10.4% | $142 | 12.0% | 9/30/2020 | |
Old Navy(5) | BB+/Baa2/BB+ | 12,000 | 4.7% | $20.00 | $239,976 | 5.8% | $373 | 5.4% | MTM | |
Gap Outlet | BB+/Baa2/BB+ | 7,890 | 3.1% | $25.59 | $201,867 | 4.9% | $208 | 17.2% | 4/30/2020 | |
Loft Outlet | NR/NR/NR | 12,000 | 4.7% | $16.31 | $195,720 | 4.7% | $111 | 20.3% | 10/31/2017 | |
American Eagle Outfitters | NR/NR/NR | 6,000 | 2.4% | $26.53 | $159,181 | 3.9% | NAV | NAV | 4/30/2024 | |
Total Major Tenants | 63,890 | 25.1% | $19.20 | $1,226,524 | 29.7% | |||||
Non-Major Tenants | 169,722 | 66.8% | $17.11 | $2,903,291 | 70.3% | $233 | 9.1% | |||
Occupied Collateral Total | 233,612 | 92.0% | $17.68 | $4,129,815 | 100.0% | |||||
Vacant Space | 20,451 | 8.0% | ||||||||
Collateral Total | 254,063 | 100.0% | ||||||||
(1) | Certain ratings are those of the parent company whether or not the parent guarantees the lease. |
(2) | Sales PSF and Occupancy Cost are based on the trailing 12-month period ending March 31, 2016, as provided by the sponsor and only include tenants reporting comparable sales. Non-Major Tenant Sales PSF and Occupancy Cost as shown represent the respective in-line sales and resulting occupancy cost, which may include Major Tenants listed above. |
(3) | Dress Barn currently has a lease out for signature with renewal terms of 5 years at an annual rent of $50.00 per square foot. |
(4) | Tommy Hilfiger currently has committed to renewal terms of 5 years at an annual rent of $33.37 per square foot. |
(5) | Old Navy currently has a lease out for signature with renewal terms of 5 years at an annual rent of $47.36 per square foot. |
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The following table presents certain information relating to the lease rollover schedule at the Simon Premium Outlets Properties:
Lease Expiration Schedule(1)(2)
Year Ending December 31 | No. of Leases Expiring | Expiring NRSF | % of Total NRSF | Cumulative Expiring NRSF | Cumulative % of Total NRSF | Annual U/W Base Rent | % of Total Annual U/W Base Rent | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF(3) |
Simon Premium Outlets Properties | ||||||||
MTM | 13 | 63,892 | 8.2% | 63,892 | 8.2% | $1,307,320 | 7.8% | $20.46 |
2016 | 15 | 57,953 | 7.4% | 121,845 | 15.6% | 785,843 | 4.7% | 13.56 |
2017 | 33 | 135,086 | 17.3% | 256,931 | 32.8% | 3,020,835 | 18.1% | 22.36 |
2018 | 29 | 109,195 | 13.9% | 366,126 | 46.8% | 2,814,286 | 16.8% | 25.77 |
2019 | 19 | 84,680 | 10.8% | 450,806 | 57.6% | 2,139,436 | 12.8% | 25.26 |
2020 | 11 | 79,190 | 10.1% | 529,996 | 67.7% | 1,649,171 | 9.9% | 20.83 |
2021 | 13 | 59,656 | 7.6% | 589,652 | 75.3% | 1,049,800 | 6.3% | 17.60 |
2022 | 12 | 42,961 | 5.5% | 632,613 | 80.8% | 1,226,086 | 7.3% | 28.54 |
2023 | 7 | 24,969 | 3.2% | 657,582 | 84.0% | 700,791 | 4.2% | 28.07 |
2024 | 6 | 23,509 | 3.0% | 681,091 | 87.0% | 602,843 | 3.6% | 25.64 |
2025 | 8 | 31,874 | 4.1% | 712,965 | 91.1% | 1,207,321 | 7.2% | 37.88 |
2026 | 3 | 8,441 | 1.1% | 721,406 | 92.2% | 219,701 | 1.3% | 26.03 |
Thereafter | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 721,406 | 92.2% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.00 |
Vacant | 0 | 61,359 | 7.8% | 782,765 | 100.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.00 |
Total/Weighted Average | 169 | 782,765 | 100.0% | $16,723,432 | 100.0% | $23.18 | ||
Lee Premium Outlets Property | ||||||||
MTM | 1 | 7,781 | 3.5% | 7,781 | 3.5% | $313,467 | 4.5% | $40.29 |
2016 | 2 | 1,737 | 0.8% | 9,518 | 4.2% | 42,000 | 0.6% | 24.18 |
2017 | 11 | 51,633 | 23.0% | 61,151 | 27.2% | 1,453,874 | 21.0% | 28.16 |
2018 | 11 | 36,633 | 16.3% | 97,784 | 43.5% | 1,284,740 | 18.6% | 35.07 |
2019 | 11 | 46,107 | 20.5% | 143,891 | 64.0% | 1,208,963 | 17.5% | 26.22 |
2020 | 2 | 4,563 | 2.0% | 148,454 | 66.0% | 161,716 | 2.3% | 35.44 |
2021 | 2 | 6,202 | 2.8% | 154,656 | 68.8% | 175,574 | 2.5% | 28.31 |
2022 | 5 | 16,188 | 7.2% | 170,844 | 76.0% | 564,508 | 8.2% | 34.87 |
2023 | 4 | 13,102 | 5.8% | 183,946 | 81.8% | 486,640 | 7.0% | 37.14 |
2024 | 1 | 1,742 | 0.8% | 185,688 | 82.6% | 64,701 | 0.9% | 37.14 |
2025 | 6 | 26,373 | 11.7% | 212,061 | 94.3% | 1,124,446 | 16.2% | 42.64 |
2026 | 1 | 627 | 0.3% | 212,688 | 94.6% | 42,636 | 0.6% | 68.00 |
Thereafter | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 212,688 | 94.6% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.00 |
Vacant | 0 | 12,137 | 5.4% | 224,825 | 100.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.00 |
Total/Weighted Average | 57 | 224,825 | 100.0% | $6,923,266 | 100.0% | $32.55 | ||
Gaffney Premium Outlets Property | ||||||||
MTM | 6 | 25,801 | 8.5% | 25,801 | 8.5% | $464,912 | 8.2% | $18.02 |
2016 | 7 | 32,356 | 10.6% | 58,157 | 19.1% | 503,477 | 8.9% | 15.56 |
2017 | 16 | 48,353 | 15.9% | 106,510 | 35.1% | 1,008,281 | 17.8% | 20.85 |
2018 | 7 | 34,632 | 11.4% | 141,142 | 46.4% | 782,547 | 13.8% | 22.60 |
2019 | 5 | 27,373 | 9.0% | 168,515 | 55.5% | 671,252 | 11.8% | 24.52 |
2020 | 4 | 32,728 | 10.8% | 201,243 | 66.2% | 575,160 | 10.1% | 17.57 |
2021 | 7 | 24,202 | 8.0% | 225,445 | 74.2% | 513,908 | 9.1% | 21.23 |
2022 | 6 | 23,013 | 7.6% | 248,458 | 81.8% | 585,403 | 10.3% | 25.44 |
2023 | 3 | 11,867 | 3.9% | 260,325 | 85.7% | 214,151 | 3.8% | 18.05 |
2024 | 3 | 10,567 | 3.5% | 270,892 | 89.1% | 255,772 | 4.5% | 24.20 |
2025 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 270,892 | 89.1% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.00 |
2026 | 1 | 4,214 | 1.4% | 275,106 | 90.5% | 95,489 | 1.7% | 22.66 |
Thereafter | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 275,106 | 90.5% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.00 |
Vacant | 0 | 28,771 | 9.5% | 303,877 | 100.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.00 |
Total/Weighted Average | 65 | 303,877 | 100.0% | $5,670,352 | 100.0% | $20.61 | ||
Calhoun Premium Outlets Property | ||||||||
MTM | 6 | 30,310 | 11.9% | 30,310 | 11.9% | $528,942 | 12.8% | $17.45 |
2016 | 6 | 23,860 | 9.4% | 54,170 | 21.3% | 240,366 | 5.8% | 10.07 |
2017 | 6 | 35,100 | 13.8% | 89,270 | 35.1% | 558,680 | 13.5% | 15.92 |
2018 | 11 | 37,930 | 14.9% | 127,200 | 50.1% | 746,999 | 18.1% | 19.69 |
2019 | 3 | 11,200 | 4.4% | 138,400 | 54.5% | 259,221 | 6.3% | 23.14 |
2020 | 5 | 41,899 | 16.5% | 180,299 | 71.0% | 912,295 | 22.1% | 21.77 |
2021 | 4 | 29,252 | 11.5% | 209,551 | 82.5% | 360,317 | 8.7% | 12.32 |
2022 | 1 | 3,760 | 1.5% | 213,311 | 84.0% | 76,174 | 1.8% | 20.26 |
2023 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 213,311 | 84.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.00 |
2024 | 2 | 11,200 | 4.4% | 224,511 | 88.4% | 282,369 | 6.8% | 25.21 |
2025 | 2 | 5,501 | 2.2% | 230,012 | 90.5% | 82,875 | 2.0% | 15.07 |
2026 | 1 | 3,600 | 1.4% | 233,612 | 92.0% | 81,576 | 2.0% | 22.66 |
Thereafter | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 233,612 | 92.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.00 |
Vacant | 0 | 20,451 | 8.0% | 254,063 | 100.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0.00 |
Total/Weighted Average | 47 | 254,063 | 100.0% | $4,129,815 | 100.0% | $17.68 |
(1) | Information obtained from the underwritten rent roll. |
(2) | Certain tenants may have lease termination options that are exercisable prior to the originally stated expiration date of the subject lease and that are not considered in the Lease Expiration Schedule. |
(3) | Weighted Average Annual U/W Base Rent PSF excludes vacant space. |
A-3-73 |
SIMON PREMIUM OUTLETS |
The following table presents historical occupancy percentages at the Simon Premium Outlets Properties:
Historical Occupancy(1)
12/31/2012 | 12/31/2013 | 12/31/2014 | 12/31/2015 | 5/19/2016 |
94.7% | 95.4% | 96.4% | 95.1% | 93.7% |
(1) | Information obtained from the borrower. |
Operating History and Underwritten Net Cash Flow. The following table presents certain information relating to the historical operating performance and underwritten net cash flow at the Simon Premium Outlets Properties:
Cash Flow Analysis
2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | TTM 3/31/2016 | U/W | % of U/W Effective Gross Income | U/W $ per SF | |||||||||
Base Rent | $15,354,367 | $15,844,111 | $16,164,930 | $16,373,361 | $16,759,878(1) | $16,723,433 | 68.3% | $21.36 | ||||||||
Grossed Up Vacant Space | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2,166,253 | 8.8 | 2.77 | ||||||||
Percentage Rent | 367,032 | 473,692 | 559,467 | 462,372 | 474,221 | 503,811 | 2.1 | 0.64 | ||||||||
Total Reimbursables | 6,310,260 | 6,906,907 | 7,419,714 | 7,615,381 | 7,832,547 | 7,512,165 | 30.7 | 9.60 | ||||||||
Other Income(2) | 468,139 | 380,979 | 399,321 | 395,684 | 403,351 | 406,347 | 1.7 | 0.52 | ||||||||
Less Vacancy & Credit Loss(3) | (20,079) | 18,560 | (15,784) | (7,003) | (7,455) | (2,814,709) | -11.5 | (3.60) | ||||||||
Effective Gross Income | $22,479,719 | $23,624,249 | $24,527,648 | $24,839,795 | $25,462,542 | $24,497,300 | 100.0% | $31.30 | ||||||||
Total Operating Expenses | $6,946,469 | $7,094,274 | $7,147,919 | $6,976,569 | $7,005,132 | $7,416,196 | 30.3% | $9.47 | ||||||||
Net Operating Income | $15,533,250 | $16,529,975 | $17,379,729 | $17,863,226 | $18,457,410 | $17,081,104 | 69.7% | $21.82 | ||||||||
TI/LC | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1,194,140 | 4.9 | 1.53 | ||||||||
Capital Expenditures | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 211,429 | 0.9 | 0.27 | ||||||||
Net Cash Flow | $15,533,250 | $16,529,975 | $17,379,729 | $17,863,226 | $18,457,410 | $15,675,535 | 64.0% | $20.03 | ||||||||
NOI DSCR | 2.53x | 2.69x | 2.83x | 2.91x | 3.01x | 2.78x | ||||||||||
NCF DSCR | 2.53x | 2.69x | 2.83x | 2.91x | 3.01x | 2.55x | ||||||||||
NOI DY | 14.8% | 15.8% | 16.6% | 17.1% | 17.6% | 16.3% | ||||||||||
NCF DY | 14.8% | 15.8% | 16.6% | 17.1% | 17.6% | 15.0% |
(1) | Base Rent is underwritten based on signed leases and the in-place rent roll as of March 31, 2016 with contractual rent steps taken through June 2017. |
(2) | Other income includes rental income from temporary tenants, sponsorships and media, beverage case rent, ATM rent and other miscellaneous income. |
(3) | The underwritten economic vacancy is 10.5%. The Simon Premium Outlets Properties were 93.7% leased as of May 19, 2016. |
Appraisals. As of the appraisal valuation dates ranging between April 1, 2016 and April 14, 2016, the Simon Premium Outlets Properties had an aggregate “as-is” appraised value of $223,700,000.
Environmental Matters. According to the Phase I environmental assessments dated April 21, 2016, there was no evidence of any recognized environmental conditions at any of the Simon Premium Outlets Properties.
Market Overview and Competition. The Simon Premium Outlets Properties are located in Lee, Massachusetts, Gaffney, South Carolina and Calhoun, Georgia. Each property benefits from its location along major thoroughfares in expansive trade areas near multiple major metropolitan markets.
Lee, Massachusetts
The Lee Premium Outlets Property is located at 50 Water Street in Lee, Massachusetts, along US Route 20, just south of its intersection with Interstate 90 (Massachusetts Turnpike) and approximately 30 miles west of Interstate 91. The traffic count passing the Lee Premium Outlets Property on Interstate 90 is estimated at 55,000 vehicles daily. Albany, New York is approximately 30 miles west and Springfield, Massachusetts and Hartford, Connecticut are within approximately an hour’s drive of the Lee Premium Outlets Property.
Lee is located in the central portion of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts core-based statistical area at the foot of the Berkshire Hills and the Taconic Mountain Range in the Berkshires of Massachusetts. The Berkshires are a year-round tourist destination for hiking, camping and skiing and benefits from regional job growth. The area is home to the Norman Rockwell Museum, the Canyon Ranch Resort and Tanglewoood Music Center. Visitor spending in Berkshire County totaled $425.8 million in 2014. Pittsfield’s economy is driven by education and healthcare (25.1% of employment), leisure and hospitality (14.8% of employment) and retail (13.4% of employment). According to the appraisal, the 2015 population within a 15-, 30- and 45-mile radius of the Lee Premium Outlets Property was 91,815, 351,951 and 1,866,842, respectively, and the 2015 average household income within the same radii was $76,485, $80,025 and $80,828, respectively.
A-3-74 |
SIMON PREMIUM OUTLETS |
The nearest competitive outlet center is Wrentham Premium Outlets in Wrentham, Massachusetts (66 miles east), which is also owned by the sponsor, with the next closest outlet center 73 miles north. According to the appraiser, there are no new planned outlet centers in the immediate area.
Gaffney, South Carolina
The Gaffney Premium Outlets Property is located at 1 Factory Shops Boulevard in Gaffney, South Carolina, at the intersection of Interstate 85 (at Exit 90) and SC-105 (Hyatt Street) and approximately 18 miles east of Interstate 26. The traffic count passing the Gaffney Premium Outlets Property on Interstate 85 is estimated at 55,000 vehicles daily. Gaffney’s central business district is approximately 3.5 miles east of the Gaffney Premium Outlets Property. Spartanburg and Greenville are southwest approximately 20 miles and 50 miles, respectively, and Charlotte, North Carolina is approximately 55 miles east of the Gaffney Premium Outlets Property.
Gaffney is the primary city in Cherokee County and the county seat, and located in the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson combined statistical area. The adjacent Spartanburg metropolitan statistical area exerts a strong economic influence on the area. Spartanburg’s economy is driven by manufacturing (20.5% of employment) with the notable corporate presence of BMW, Michelin and Adidas, health services and education (18.1% of employment) with the Spartanburg Regional Healthcare System, Mary Black Health System, University of South Carolina – Upstate and seven other institutions of higher learning, and retail (12.6% of employment). According to the appraisal, the 2015 population within a 15-, 30- and 45-mile radius of the Gaffney Premium Outlets Property was 153,876, 608,584 and 1,794,169, respectively, and the 2015 average household income within the same radii was $52,198, $55,069 and $62,898, respectively.
The nearest competitive outlet centers are Charlotte Premium Outlets in Charlotte, North Carolina (45 miles east) and Concord Mills, in Concord, NC (60 miles northeast), both owned and operated by the sponsor, and Asheville Outlets in Asheville, North Carolina (60 miles northeast). According to the appraiser, there are no new planned outlet centers in the immediate area.
Calhoun, Georgia
The Calhoun Premium Outlets Property is located at 455 Belwood Road in Calhoun, Georgia, just south of the interchange of Highway 53 and Interstate 75 (running parallel to U.S. Highway 41). The traffic count passing the Calhoun Premium Outlets Property on Interstate 75 is estimated at 61,000 vehicles daily. Calhoun’s central business district is approximately 2.5 miles north of the Calhoun Premium Outlets Property. Chattanooga, Tennessee is approximately 45 miles northwest and Atlanta, Georgia is approximately 55 miles southeast of the Calhoun Premium Outlets Property.
Calhoun is located in Gordon County and is the county seat. The Gordon County area economy is driven by manufacturing (24.0% of employment), retail (13.3% of employment) and health services and education (11.8% of employment). The major employers in the Gordon County area include Engineered Floors, LLC, Floyd Healthcare Management, Inc. and Mohawk Carpet Distribution LP. According to the appraisal, the 2015 population within a 15-, 30- and 45-mile radius of the Calhoun Premium Outlets Property was 91,304, 564,725 and 1,958,101, respectively, and the 2015 average household income within the same radii was $54,536, $60,508 and $79,190, respectively.
The nearest competitive outlet centers are The Outlet Shoppes Atlanta in Woodstock, Georgia (33 miles southeast) and North Georgia Premium Outlets in Dawsonville, Georgia (50 miles east), which is also owned and operated by the sponsor. According to the appraiser, there are no new planned outlet centers in the immediate area.
The Borrowers. The borrowers are Calhoun Outlets LLC, Gaffney Outlets LLC and Lee Outlets LLC, each a Delaware limited liability company and single purpose entity and each with two independent directors. Legal counsel to the borrower delivered a non-consolidation opinion in connection with the origination of the Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan. Simon Property Group, L.P., is the guarantor of certain nonrecourse carveouts under the Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan.
The Sponsor. The sponsor is Simon Property Group, L.P., the operating partnership of Simon Property Group, Inc. (“Simon”). Simon is a publicly traded self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust (NYSE: SPG) focused on retail property ownership and management. Simon is one of the largest publicly traded owners, operators and developers of retail assets in the United States. As of December 31, 2015, Simon owned or had an interest in 209 properties consisting of 108 malls, 71 Premium Outlet-branded centers, 14 Mills-branded centers, four lifestyle centers and twelve other retail properties in 37 states and Puerto Rico containing an aggregate of approximately 184 million square feet of gross leasable area. Simon’s Premium Outlets generally contain a wide variety of designer and manufacturer stores located in open-air centers and range in size from approximately 150,000 to 870,000 square feet and are generally located within close proximity to major metropolitan areas and/or tourist destinations. The sponsor is also a sponsor of the borrower under the mortgage loan identified on Annex A-1 as The Shops at Crystals.
The liability of the guarantor under the nonrecourse carve-out provisions in the loan documents is capped at $21.0 million plus reasonable collection costs. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool – Certain Terms of the Mortgage Loans—Non-Recourse Carveout Limitations” in the Preliminary Prospectus.
Simon has sponsored other real estate projects over the last 10 years that have been the subject of mortgage loan defaults, foreclosure proceedings and deed-in-lieu of foreclosure. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Loan Purpose; Default History, Bankruptcy Issues and Other Proceedings” in the Preliminary Prospectus.
A-3-75 |
SIMON PREMIUM OUTLETS |
Escrows. During a Springing Reserve Period (as defined below), the loan documents require (i) ongoing monthly reserves in the amount of $16,308 for replacement reserves, capped at $391,383; (ii) ongoing monthly reserves in the amount of $97,846 for leasing reserves, capped at $3,522,443; (iii) ongoing monthly reserves in the amount equal to one-twelfth of the estimated annual real estate taxes due; and (iv) ongoing monthly reserves in the amount equal to one-twelfth of the estimated annual insurance premiums due, except if lender has waived the requirement in the event that the Simon Premium Outlets Properties are covered by an acceptable blanket insurance policy.
A “Springing Reserve Period” will commence upon the debt service coverage ratio for the preceding four calendar quarters being less than 1.35x for two consecutive calendar quarters and will expire upon the debt service coverage ratio for the preceding four calendar quarters being equal to or greater than 1.35x for two consecutive calendar quarters.
Lockbox and Cash Management. The Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan requires a lender-controlled lockbox account, which is already in place. The borrower has directed the tenants to pay rent directly into such lockbox account. The loan documents also require that all rents received by the borrower or property manager be deposited into the lockbox account within two business days of receipt. Prior to the occurrence of a Cash Sweep Period (as defined below), all funds are required to be distributed to the borrower. During a Cash Sweep Period, all funds are required to be swept to a lender-controlled cash management account.
A “Cash Sweep Period” will commence upon (i) the occurrence and continuance of an event of default; (ii) the debt service coverage ratio for the preceding four calendar quarters being less than 1.25x for two consecutive calendar quarters; or (iii) the assets of the manager or guarantor being subject to a bankruptcy action. A Cash Sweep Period will expire, with regard to clause (i), upon the cure of such event of default; and with regard to clause (ii), upon the debt service coverage ratio for the preceding four calendar quarters being equal to or greater than 1.25x for two consecutive calendar quarters; and with regard to clause (iii), upon the manager or guarantor being replaced with a qualified manager or replacement guarantor meeting the requirements set forth in the loan documents.
Property Management. The Simon Premium Outlets Properties are managed by Simon Management Associates, LLC, an affiliate of the borrower.
Assumption. The borrower has the right to transfer the Simon Premium Outlets Properties provided that certain conditions are satisfied, including (i) no event of default has occurred and is continuing; (ii) in the event that in connection with such transfer, the manager will not thereafter continue to manage the Simon Premium Outlets Properties, then a replacement management agreement with a qualified manager must be executed acceptable to lender; (iii) the transferee must not have been a party to any bankruptcy action within the seven years prior and there is not material litigation or regulatory action pending against the transferee unreasonable to lender; and (iv) the transferee is a qualified transferee meeting the requirements set forth in the loan documents or the lender receiving rating agency confirmation that the sale and assumption will not result in a downgrade, withdrawal or qualification of the respective ratings assigned to the Series 2016-BNK1 certificates and similar confirmations from each rating agency rating any securities backed by any Simon Premium Outlets Companion Loan with respect to the ratings of such securities.
Partial Release. During the lockout period, the borrower is permitted to partially release either or both of the Gaffney Premium Outlets Property and the Calhoun Premium Outlets Property in connection with a partial prepayment, subject to certain conditions including (i) no occurrence and continuance of any event of default; (ii) the debt service coverage ratio with respect to the remaining property being no less than the greater of 2.55x and the debt service coverage ratio for the preceding four calendar quarters prior to the release; (iii) the release not causing the WFCM 2016-BNK1 transaction to fail to qualify as a REMIC trust; and (iv) payment of (a) 120.0% of the allocated loan amount for the Gaffney Premium Outlets Property and/or the Calhoun Premium Outlets Property (if any such property is the released property) and (b) a yield maintenance charge.
Following the lockout period, the borrower is permitted to partially release either or both of the Gaffney Premium Outlets Property and the Calhoun Premium Outlets Property in connection with a partial defeasance, subject to certain conditions including (i) no occurrence and continuance of any event of default; (ii) the principal balance of the Simon Premium Outlets Whole Loan being reduced by 120.0% of the allocated loan amount for the Gaffney Premium Outlets Property and the Calhoun Premium Outlets Property (if any such property is the released property); (iii) the debt service coverage ratio with respect to the remaining Property being no less than the greater of 2.55x and the debt service coverage ratio for the preceding four calendar quarters prior to the release; (iv) the lender receiving rating agency confirmation from Fitch, KBRA, Moody’s and S&P that the release will not result in a downgrade, withdrawal or qualification of the respective ratings assigned to the Series 2016-BNK1 certificates and similar confirmations from each rating agency rating any securities backed by any Simon Premium Outlets Companion Loan with respect to the ratings of such securities; and (v) the lender receiving a legal opinion that the release satisfies REMIC requirements.
Real Estate Substitution. Not permitted.
Subordinate and Mezzanine Indebtedness. None.
Ground Lease. None.
Terrorism Insurance. The loan documents require that the “all risk” insurance policy required to be maintained by the borrower provide coverage for terrorism in an amount equal to the full replacement cost of the Simon Premium Outlets Properties, as well as business interruption insurance on an actual loss sustained basis with no time limitation, and includes an extended period of indemnity of 365 days to provide continuing coverage after the Simon Premium Outlets Properties have been repaired. In the event the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act is not in effect and the policy contains an exclusion for acts of terrorism,
A-3-76 |
SIMON PREMIUM OUTLETS |
the loan documents require the borrower to obtain to the extent available a stand-alone policy providing the same coverage as previously in place prior to the exclusion, with a premium cap of two times the then current annual insurance premiums for the policy insuring the Simon Premium Outlets Properties only (excluding the wind and flood components of the premiums) on a stand-alone basis, with a deductible no greater than $5,000,000.
A-3-77 |
ONE PENN CENTER |
A-3-78 |
ONE PENN CENTER |
A-3-79 |
No. 8 – One Penn Center | |||||||
Loan Information | Property Information | ||||||
Mortgage Loan Seller: | Wells Fargo Bank, National Association | Single Asset/Portfolio: | Single Asset | ||||
Property Type: | Office | ||||||
Original Principal Balance(1): | $35,000,000 | Specific Property Type: | CBD | ||||
Cut-off Date Balance(1): | $35,000,000 | Location: | Philadelphia, PA | ||||
% of Initial Pool Balance: | 4.0% | Size: | 689,966 SF | ||||
Loan Purpose: | Refinance | Cut-off Date Balance Per SF(1): | $98.56 | ||||
Borrower Name: | One Penn Associates, L.P. | Year Built/Renovated: | 1930/1987 | ||||
Sponsor: | Henry Gross | Title Vesting: | Fee | ||||
Mortgage Rate: | 4.900% | Property Manager: | Self-managed | ||||
Note Date: | July 19, 2016 | 4th Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 84.1% (12/31/2012) | ||||
Anticipated Repayment Date: | NAP | 3rd Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 83.9% (12/31/2013) | ||||
Maturity Date: | August 11, 2026 | 2nd Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 90.4% (12/31/2014) | ||||
IO Period: | 36 months | Most Recent Occupancy (As of)(4): | 87.6% (12/31/2015) | ||||
Loan Term (Original): | 120 months | Current Occupancy (As of)(4): | 78.3% (6/1/2016) | ||||
Seasoning: | 0 months | ||||||
Amortization Term (Original): | 360 months | Underwriting and Financial Information: | |||||
Loan Amortization Type: | Interest-only, Amortizing Balloon | ||||||
Interest Accrual Method: | Actual/360 | 4th Most Recent NOI (As of): | $6,321,285 (12/31/2013) | ||||
Call Protection(2): | L(24),D(91),O(5) | 3rd Most Recent NOI (As of): | $6,883,148 (12/31/2014) | ||||
Lockbox Type: | Hard/Upfront Cash Management | 2nd Most Recent NOI (As of): | $7,223,379 (12/31/2015) | ||||
Additional Debt(1): | Yes | Most Recent NOI (As of): | $6,859,582 (TTM 4/30/2016) | ||||
Additional Debt Type(1): | Pari Passu | ||||||
U/W Revenues: | $12,747,817 | ||||||
U/W Expenses: | $6,458,819 | ||||||
U/W NOI: | $6,288,997 | ||||||
Escrows and Reserves(3): | U/W NCF: | $5,437,749 | |||||
U/W NOI DSCR(1): | 1.45x | ||||||
Type: | Initial | Monthly | Cap (If Any) | U/W NCF DSCR(1): | 1.26x | ||
Taxes | $582,019 | $116,404 | NAP | U/W NOI Debt Yield(1): | 9.2% | ||
Insurance | $0 | Springing | NAP | U/W NCF Debt Yield(1): | 8.0% | ||
Replacement Reserves | $0 | $14,374 | NAP | As-Is Appraised Value: | $91,000,000 | ||
TI/LC | $3,000,000 | $150,000 | $3,000,000 | As-Is Appraisal Valuation Date: | May 31, 2016 | ||
Outstanding TI/LC Reserve | $592,858 | $0 | NAP | Cut-off Date LTV Ratio(1): | 74.7% | ||
Rent Concession Reserve | $224,304 | $0 | NAP | LTV Ratio at Maturity or ARD(1): | 66.0% | ||
(1) | The One Penn Center Whole Loan (as defined below), which had an original principal balance of $68,000,000, is comprised of two pari passu notes (Notes A-1 and A-2). The controlling Note A-1 had an original principal balance of $35,000,000, has an outstanding principal balance of $35,000,000 as of the Cut-Off Date and will be contributed to the WFCM 2016-BNK1 Trust. The non-controlling Note A-2 had an original principal balance of $33,000,000 and is expected to be contributed to a future trust. All statistical financial information related to balances per square foot, loan-to-value ratios, debt service coverage ratios and debt yields are based on the One Penn Center Whole Loan. The lender provides no assurances that any non-securitized pari passu note will not be split further. |
(2) | The defeasance lockout period will be at least 24 payment dates beginning with and including the first payment date of September 11, 2016. Defeasance of the One Penn Center Whole Loan is permitted on or after the date that is the earlier to occur of (i) two years after the closing date of the securitization that includes the last note to be securitized, and (ii) September 11, 2020. The assumed lockout period of 24 payments is based on the expected WFCM 2016-BNK1 Trust closing date in August 2016. |
(3) | See “Escrows” section. |
(4) | See “Historical Occupancy” section. |
The Mortgage Loan. The mortgage loan (the “One Penn Center Mortgage Loan”) is part of a whole loan (the “One Penn Center Whole Loan”) that is evidenced by two pari passu promissory notes (Note A-1 and Note A-2) secured by a first mortgage encumbering an office building located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (the “One Penn Center Property”). The One Penn Center Whole Loan was originated on July 19, 2016 by Wells Fargo Bank, National Association. The One Penn Center Whole Loan had an original principal balance of $68,000,000, has an outstanding principal balance as of the Cut-off Date of $68,000,000 and accrues interest at an interest rate of 4.900% per annum. The One Penn Center Whole Loan had an initial term of 120 months, has a remaining term of 120 months as of the Cut-off Date and requires interest-only payments for the first 36 payments following origination and, thereafter, requires payments of principal and interest based on a 30-year amortization schedule. The One Penn Center Whole Loan matures on August 11, 2026.
Note A-1, which will be contributed to the WFCM 2016-BNK1 Trust, had an original principal balance of $35,000,000, has an aggregate outstanding principal balance as of the Cut-off Date of $35,000,000 and represents the controlling interest in the One Penn Center Whole Loan. The non-controlling Note A-2, which had an original principal balance of $33,000,000, referred to herein as the “One Penn Center Companion Loan”, is expected to be contributed to a future securitization trust. The lender provides no
A-3-80 |
ONE PENN CENTER |
assurances that any non-securitized pari passu note will not be split further. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans—The Serviced Pari Passu Whole Loans—The One Penn Center Whole Loan” in the Preliminary Prospectus.
Note Summary
Notes | Original Balance | Note Holder | Controlling Interest | |
A-1 | $35,000,000 | WFCM 2016-BNK1 | Yes | |
A-2 | $33,000,000 | Wells Fargo Bank, National Association | No | |
Total | $68,000,000 |
Following the lockout period, the borrower has the right to defease the One Penn Center Whole Loan in whole, but not in part, on any date before April 11, 2026. In addition, the One Penn Center Whole Loan is prepayable without penalty on or after April 11, 2026. The lockout period will expire on the earlier to occur of (i) two years after the closing date of the securitization that includes the last note to be securitized and (ii) September 11, 2020.
Sources and Uses
Sources | Uses | |||||||
Original whole loan amount | $68,000,000 | 95.6% | Loan payoff(1) | $66,263,703 | 93.2% | |||
Sponsor’s new cash contribution | 3,125,497 | 4.4 | Reserves | 4,399,181 | 6.2 | |||
Closing costs | 462,613 | 0.7 | ||||||
Total Sources | $71,125,497 | 100.0% | Total Uses | $71,125,497 | 100.0% |
(1) | The One Penn Center Property was previously securitized in the LBUBS 2006-C6 transaction. |
The Property. The One Penn Center Property is a 20-story, class B office tower totaling approximately 689,966 square feet located in the central business district of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Built in 1930 and renovated in 1987, the amenities at the One Penn Center Property include a Walgreens and a National Penn Bank branch located on the first floor and outdoor decks and terraces located on the 20th floor. Since acquiring the One Penn Center Property in 2002, the sponsor has invested approximately $23.7 million ($34.40 per square foot) to modernize the building, including upgrades to the common areas, elevator cabs, façade restorations, as well as HVAC and LED lighting updates. The One Penn Center Property features a diverse tenant roster comprising 92 tenants with the three largest tenants, Philadelphia Works, Inc. (“Philadelphia Works”), United States Government – SEC (rated AAA, Aaa and AA+ by Fitch, Moody’s and S&P, respectively) and Phelan Hallinan & Schmieg, LLP, representing only 22.5% of the combined net rentable area and no other tenant representing more than 3.1% of the net rentable area or 3.9% of the underwritten annual base rent. The One Penn Center Property is located directly atop the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority’s (“SEPTA”) Suburban Station, the main commuter rail hub in the city, and has direct interior access to the station. Suburban Station experiences approximately 50,000 daily commuters and serves as the main transportation hub for the downtown office market. Over the past 10 years, the One Penn Center Property has averaged 88.6% occupancy; however, in April 2016 a tenant occupying approximately 70,000 square feet (10.1% of the net rentable area) vacated. As of June 1, 2016, the One Penn Center Property was 78.3% occupied by 92 tenants subject to 101 leases.
A-3-81 |
ONE PENN CENTER |
The following table presents certain information relating to the tenancies at the One Penn Center Property:
Major Tenants
Tenant Name | Credit Rating (Fitch/Moody’s/ S&P)(1) | Tenant NRSF | % of NRSF | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF(2) | Annual U/W Base Rent(2) | % of Total Annual U/W Base Rent | Lease Expiration Date |
Major Tenants | |||||||
Philadelphia Works | NR/NR/NR | 74,155 | 10.7% | $23.00 | $1,705,565 | 14.0% | 12/31/2020(3) |
United States Government – SEC | AAA/Aaa/AA+ | 44,765 | 6.5% | $19.26 | $862,006 | 7.1% | 4/10/2024(4) |
Phelan Hallinan & Schmieg, LLP | NR/NR/NR | 35,989 | 5.2% | $23.80 | $856,538 | 7.0% | 1/31/2020 |
McElroy Deutsch Mulvaney & Carpenter LLP | NR/NR/NR | 21,130 | 3.1% | $22.50 | $475,425 | 3.9% | 10/31/2021 |
American Heart Association | NR/NR/NR | 16,880 | 2.4% | $25.50 | $430,440 | 3.5% | 5/31/2019 |
Qtc Management, Inc. | NR/NR/NR | 19,879 | 2.9% | $21.50 | $427,398 | 3.5% | 3/31/2017 |
Naulty, Scaricamazza & McDevitt | NR/NR/NR | 16,361 | 2.4% | $22.50 | $368,123 | 3.0% | 7/31/2021 |
Total Major Tenants | 229,159 | 33.2% | $22.37 | $5,125,496 | 42.1% | ||
Non-Major Tenants | 311,216 | 45.1% | $22.62 | $7,040,380 | 57.9% | ||
Occupied Collateral Total | 540,375 | 78.3% | $22.51 | $12,165,876 | 100.0% | ||
Vacant Space | 149,591 | 21.7% | |||||
Collateral Total | 689,966 | 100.0% | |||||
(1) | Certain ratings are those of the parent company whether or not the parent guarantees the lease. |
(2) | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF and Annual U/W Base Rent include contractual rent steps through June 2017 totaling $187,309. |
(3) | Philadelphia Works may terminate its lease if funding allocated to the tenant for the fiscal year has been eliminated or reduces by more than 50.0% from its 2013 funding level of approximately $40.0 million. Philadelphia Works is required to provide six months’ notice in November with the termination effective the following May and a termination fee equal to $1.3 million if the lease termination notice is provided in November 2016; $950,000 if the lease termination notice is provided in November 2017; $650,000 if the lease termination notice is provided in November 2018; and $350,000 if the lease termination notice is provided in November 2019. |
(4) | The United States Government – SEC may terminate its lease at any point after April 10, 2021 with 90 days’ notice. |
The following table presents certain information relating to the lease rollover schedule at the One Penn Center Property:
Lease Expiration Schedule(1)(2)
Year Ending December 31, | No. of Leases Expiring | Expiring NRSF | % of Total NRSF | Cumulative Expiring NRSF | Cumulative % of Total NRSF | Annual U/W Base Rent | % of Total Annual U/W Base Rent | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF(3) | |
MTM | 7 | 4,969 | 0.7% | 4,969 | 0.7% | $88,127 | 0.7% | $17.74 | |
2016 | 12 | 33,646 | 4.9% | 38,615 | 5.6% | $747,888 | 6.1% | $22.23 | |
2017 | 12 | 46,037 | 6.7% | 84,652 | 12.3% | $1,031,771 | 8.5% | $22.41 | |
2018 | 12 | 52,245 | 7.6% | 136,897 | 19.8% | $1,134,440 | 9.3% | $21.71 | |
2019 | 17 | 87,291 | 12.7% | 224,188 | 32.5% | $2,081,346 | 17.1% | $23.84 | |
2020 | 12 | 134,596 | 19.5% | 358,784 | 52.0% | $3,099,703 | 25.5% | $23.03 | |
2021 | 15 | 86,027 | 12.5% | 444,811 | 64.5% | $1,968,877 | 16.2% | $22.89 | |
2022 | 8 | 20,052 | 2.9% | 464,863 | 67.4% | $450,218 | 3.7% | $22.45 | |
2023 | 1 | 13,039 | 1.9% | 477,902 | 69.3% | $275,000 | 2.3% | $21.09 | |
2024 | 2 | 48,981 | 7.1% | 526,883 | 76.4% | $963,190 | 7.9% | $19.66 | |
2025 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 526,883 | 76.4% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 | |
2026 | 1 | 3,492 | 0.5% | 530,375 | 76.9% | $80,316 | 0.7% | $23.00 | |
Thereafter | 2 | 10,000 | 1.4% | 540,375 | 78.3% | $245,000 | 2.0% | $24.50 | |
Vacant | 0 | 149,591 | 21.7% | 689,966 | 100.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 | |
Total/Weighted Average | 101 | 689,966 | 100.0% | $12,165,876 | 100.0% | $22.51 | |||
(1) | Information obtained from the underwritten rent roll. |
(2) | Certain tenants may have lease termination options that are exercisable prior to the stated expiration date of the subject lease and that are not considered in the Lease Expiration Schedule. |
(3) | Weighted Average Annual U/W Base Rent PSF excludes vacant space. |
A-3-82 |
ONE PENN CENTER |
The following table presents historical occupancy percentages at the One Penn Center Property:
Historical Occupancy
12/31/2012(1) | 12/31/2013(1) | 12/31/2014(1) | 12/31/2015(1)(2) | 6/1/2016(2)(3) |
84.1% | 83.9% | 90.4% | 87.6% | 78.3% |
(1) | Information obtained from the borrower. |
(2) | Occupancy decreased from 2015 to June 1, 2016 due to a tenant occupying approximately 70,000 square feet (10.1% of the net rentable area) vacating in April 2016. |
(3) | Information obtained from the underwritten rent roll. |
Operating History and Underwritten Net Cash Flow. The following table presents certain information relating to the historical operating performance and the underwritten net cash flow at the One Penn Center Property:
Cash Flow Analysis
2013 | 2014 | 2015 | TTM 4/30/2016 | U/W | % of U/W Effective Gross Income | U/W $ per SF | |
Base Rent | $12,552,105 | $12,827,504 | $13,421,832 | $13,071,350 | $12,165,876(1) | 95.4% | $17.63 |
Grossed Up Vacant Space | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3,467,500 | 27.2 | 5.03 |
Free Rent Adjustment | (208,176) | (51,492) | (504,324) | (516,555) | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 |
Total Reimbursables | 656,404 | 420,744 | 535,181 | 659,273 | 476,693 | 3.7 | 0.69 |
Other Income | 177,241 | 377,751 | 97,432 | 108,563 | 105,248 | 0.8 | 0.15 |
Less Vacancy & Credit Loss | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (3,467,500)(2) | (27.2) | (5.03) |
Effective Gross Income | $13,177,574 | $13,574,507 | $13,550,121 | $13,322,631 | $12,747,817 | 100.0 | $18.48 |
Total Operating Expenses | $6,856,289 | $6,691,359 | $6,326,742 | $6,463,049 | $6,458,819 | 50.7% | $9.36 |
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Net Operating Income | $6,321,285 | $6,883,148 | $7,223,379 | $6,859,582 | $6,288,997 | 49.3% | $9.11 |
TI/LC | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 678,757 | 5.3 | 0.98 |
Capital Expenditures | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 172,492 | 1.4 | 0.25 |
Net Cash Flow | $6,321,285 | $6,883,148 | $7,223,379 | $6,859,582 | $5,437,749 | 42.7% | $7.88 |
NOI DSCR(3) | 1.46x | 1.59x | 1.67x | 1.58x | 1.45x | ||
NCF DSCR(3) | 1.46x | 1.59x | 1.67x | 1.58x | 1.26x | ||
NOI DY(3) | 9.3% | 10.1% | 10.6% | 10.1% | 9.2% | ||
NCF DY(3) | 9.3% | 10.1% | 10.6% | 10.1% | 8.0% |
(1) | U/W Base Rent includes include contractual rent steps through June 2017 totaling $187,309. |
(2) | The underwritten economic vacancy is 22.2%. The One Penn Center Property was 78.3% physically occupied as of June 1, 2016. |
(3) | The debt service coverage ratios and debt yields are based on the One Penn Center Whole Loan. |
Appraisal. As of the appraisal valuation date of May 31, 2016, the One Penn Center Property had an “as-is” appraised value of $91,000,000.
Environmental Matters. According to the Phase I environmental site assessment dated June 3, 2016, there was no evidence of any recognized environmental conditions at the One Penn Center Property.
Market Overview and Competition. The One Penn Center Property is located on JFK Boulevard on the block between 16th and 17th Street in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania central business district (the “Philadelphia CBD”). The Philadelphia CBD is identified as Center City Philadelphia which is concentrated around City Hall at the intersection of Broad and Market Streets. Center City Philadelphia is a diverse and dynamic area containing office, residential, retail, hotel, governmental, medical and private club uses, cultural attractions and the hub for local mass transportation. The One Penn Center Property is located directly atop the Suburban Station, the main commuter rail hub in the city, which experiences approximately 50,000 daily commuters as the transportation hub for the West of Broad office submarket. The Philadelphia International Airport is located approximately 7.6 miles southwest of the One Penn Center Property.
According to the appraisal, a well-educated population and favorable cost of doing business, as compared to New York and Washington, D.C., has attracted a number of large corporations to the Philadelphia metropolitan statistical area as exhibited by eleven Fortune 500 corporations calling the region home, including Comcast Corporation (“Comcast”), DowDuPont and Lincoln National. Comcast is the largest cable company in the United States and is one of the region’s largest employers. Comcast is in the process of building an approximately $1.2 billion, 59-story office building totaling approximately 1.5 million square feet next to its current headquarters, which is located across 17th Street from the One Penn Center Property. The building, known as the Comcast Innovation and Technology Center, is expected to be completed in 2018 and contain approximately 1.3 million square feet of office space to be completely occupied by Comcast and a Four Seasons hotel on the top floors. City Hall, which is located approximately 0.3 miles east of the One Penn Center Property, was recently enhanced by the opening of the approximately $50.0 million Dilworth Park, including enhanced public spaces, water fountains, better transit access and numerous other features.
According to the appraisal, the One Penn Center Property is located in the West of Broad submarket of the Philadelphia CBD office market which, as of the first quarter of 2016, contained approximately 27.8 million square feet (68.9% of the Philadelphia CBD office market). For that same period, the West of Broad submarket reported an overall vacancy rate of 8.6% and average asking rent of$29.51 per square foot, gross.
A-3-83 |
ONE PENN CENTER |
The following table presents certain information relating to comparable office leases for the One Penn Center Property:
Comparable Leases(1)
Property Name/Location | Year Built/ Renovated | Stories | Total GLA (SF) | Total Occupancy | Distance from Subject | Tenant Name | Lease Date/Term | Lease Area (SF) | Annual Base Rent PSF | Lease Type |
One South Broad Philadelphia, PA | 1932/NAP | 24 | 463,988 | 93% | 0.4 miles | Sidecar | March 2016/ 4.0 Yrs | 15,550 | $25.00 | MG |
123 S. Broad Street Philadelphia, PA | 1928/1989 | 30 | 882,586 | 96% | 0.5 miles | Committee of Seventy | March 2016 / 7.3 Yrs | 2,663 | $23.25 | MG |
100 N. 20th Street Philadelphia, PA | 1980/NAP | 5 | 92,125 | 94% | 0.4 miles | Bayada Home Healthcare | September 2015/ 5.2 Yrs | 6,245 | $21.50 | MG |
1515 Market Street Philadelphia, PA | 1960/2007 | 20 | 502,213 | 96% | 0.2 miles | Pembroke Consulting | June 2015 / 7.0 Yrs | 1,327 | $26.00 | MG |
Four Penn Center Philadelphia, PA | 1964/2001 | 20 | 522,600 | 86% | 0.2 miles | Parsons Brinckerhoff | May 2015/ 5.0 Yrs | 11,817 | $25.00 | MG |
Four Penn Center Philadelphia, PA | 1964/2001 | 20 | 522,600 | 86% | 0.2 miles | Ansa Assuncao | May 2015 / 7.5 Yrs | 13,002 | $24.50 | MG |
(1) | Information obtained from the appraisal and a third party market report. |
The Borrower. The borrower is One Penn Associates, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership and single purpose entity with one independent director. Legal counsel to the borrower delivered a non-consolidation opinion in connection with the origination of the One Penn Center Whole Loan. The H. Gross Family, LP is the guarantor of certain nonrecourse carveouts under the One Penn Center Whole Loan.
The Sponsor. The sponsor is Henry Gross, who controls the H. Gross Family, LP. Mr. Gross is the CEO of RealEx Capital, which, since its inception in 1974, has actively developed, invested in and managed a diverse array of real estate investments. H. Gross Family, LP holds a real estate portfolio (excluding the One Penn Center Property) comprised of an 187,000 square foot biomedical research building, a single-tenant industrial flex building, an office-warehouse R&D building and an apartment unit that has a combined value of approximately $248.3 million.
Escrows. The loan documents provide for an upfront escrow at closing in the amount of $582,019 for real estate taxes, $3.0 million for tenant improvements and leasing commissions (“TI/LCs”), $592,858 for TI/LCs associated with five tenants, and $224,304 for rent concessions related to ten tenants. The loan documents provide for ongoing monthly escrows of $116,404 for real estate taxes, $14,374 for replacement reserves and $150,000 for TI/LCs upon the balance of the reserve falling below $3.0 million. The loan documents do not require monthly deposits for insurance premiums as long as (i) no event of default has occurred or is continuing; (ii) the One Penn Center Property is insured via an acceptable blanket insurance policy; and (iii) the borrower provides the lender with timely proof of payment of insurance premiums.
Lockbox and Cash Management. The One Penn Center Whole Loan requires a lender-controlled lockbox account, which is already in place, and that the borrower directs all tenants to pay their rents directly to such lockbox account. The loan documents also require that all rents received by the borrower or the property manager be deposited into the lockbox account within one business day of receipt. Prior to the occurrence of Cash Trap Event Period (as defined below), all funds are required to be distributed to the borrower. During a Cash Trap Event Period, all excess cash flow is required to be swept to a lender-controlled cash management account.
A “Cash Trap Event Period” will commence upon the earlier of (i) the occurrence and continuance of an event of default or (ii) the amortizing debt service coverage ratio being less than 1.15x. A Cash Trap Event Period will end, with respect to clause (i), upon the cure of such event of default; or, with respect to clause (ii), upon the amortizing debt service coverage ratio being at least 1.15x for two consecutive calendar quarters.
Property Management. The One Penn Center Property is managed by an affiliate of the borrower.
Assumption. The borrower has a two-time right to transfer the One Penn Center Property, provided that certain other conditions are satisfied, including, but not limited to: (i) no event of default has occurred and is continuing; (ii) the lender’s reasonable determination that the proposed transferee and guarantor satisfy the lender’s credit review and underwriting standards, taking into consideration transferee experience, financial strength and general business standing; and (iii) if requested by the lender, rating agency confirmation from Fitch, KBRA, Moody’s and S&P that the transfer will not result in a downgrade, withdrawal or qualification of the respective ratings assigned to the Series 2016-BNK1 certificates and similar confirmations from each rating agency rating any securities backed by the One Penn Center Companion Loan with respect to the ratings of such securities.
Partial Release. Not permitted.
Real Estate Substitution. Not permitted.
Subordinate and Mezzanine Indebtedness. Not permitted.
Ground Lease. None.
Terrorism Insurance. The loan documents require that the “all risk” insurance policy required to be maintained by the borrower provide coverage for terrorism in an amount equal to the full replacement cost of the One Penn Center Property, as well as business interruption insurance covering no less than the 18-month period following the occurrence of a casualty event, together with a six-month extended period of indemnity.
A-3-84 |
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A-3-85 |
HILTON LONG ISLAND HUNTINGTON |
A-3-86 |
HILTON LONG ISLAND HUNTINGTON |
A-3-87 |
No. 9 – Hilton Long Island Huntington | ||||||||
Loan Information | Property Information | |||||||
Mortgage Loan Seller: | Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC | Single Asset/Portfolio: | Single Asset | |||||
Property Type: | Hospitality | |||||||
Original Principal Balance: | $35,000,000 | Specific Property Type: | Full Service | |||||
Cut-off Date Balance: | $35,000,000 | Location: | Melville, NY | |||||
% of Initial Pool Balance: | 4.0% | Size: | 305 Rooms | |||||
Loan Purpose: | Acquisition | Cut-off Date Balance Per Room: | $114,754 | |||||
Borrower Name: | Blue Pearl Hospitality LLC | Year Built/Renovated: | 1988/2013 | |||||
Sponsor: | Naveen Shah | Title Vesting: | Fee | |||||
Mortgage Rate: | 4.500% | Property Manager: | Yashodhar Management Co., LLC | |||||
Note Date: | July 20, 2016 | 4th Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 64.3% (12/31/2012) | |||||
Anticipated Repayment Date: | NAP | 3rd Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 75.3% (12/31/2013) | |||||
Maturity Date: | August 1, 2026 | 2nd Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 72.1% (12/31/2014) | |||||
IO Period: | 24 months | Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 76.5% (12/31/2015) | |||||
Loan Term (Original): | 120 months | Current Occupancy (As of): | 78.5% (4/30/2016) | |||||
Seasoning: | 0 months | |||||||
Amortization Term (Original): | 360 months | Underwriting and Financial Information: | ||||||
Loan Amortization Type: | Interest-only, Amortizing Balloon | |||||||
Interest Accrual Method: | Actual/360 | 4th Most Recent NOI (As of)(2): | $4,091,660 (12/31/2013) | |||||
Call Protection: | L(24),D(89),O(7) | 3rd Most Recent NOI (As of)(2): | $5,160,408 (12/31/2014) | |||||
Lockbox Type: | Springing | 2nd Most Recent NOI (As of): | $5,285,969 (12/31/2015) | |||||
Additional Debt: | No | Most Recent NOI (As of): | $5,344,924 (TTM 4/30/2016) | |||||
Additional Debt Type: | NAP | |||||||
U/W Revenues: | $20,787,543 | |||||||
U/W Expenses: | $15,525,844 | |||||||
U/W NOI: | $5,261,699 | |||||||
U/W NCF: | $4,436,708 | |||||||
U/W NOI DSCR: | 2.47x | |||||||
Escrows and Reserves(1): | U/W NCF DSCR: | 2.08x | ||||||
U/W NOI Debt Yield: | 15.0% | |||||||
Type: | Initial | Monthly | Cap (If Any) | U/W NCF Debt Yield: | 12.7% | |||
Taxes | $334,631 | $83,658 | NAP | As-Is Appraised Value: | $52,300,000 | |||
Insurance | $0 | Springing | NAP | As-Is Appraisal Valuation Date: | May 11, 2016 | |||
FF&E Reserve | $0 | $68,724 | NAP | Cut-off Date LTV Ratio: | 66.9% | |||
PIP Reserve | $231,450 | $0 | NAP | LTV Ratio at Maturity or ARD: | 57.2% | |||
(1) | See “Escrows” section. |
(2) | See “Cash Flow Analysis” section. |
The Mortgage Loan. The mortgage loan (the “Hilton Long Island Huntington Mortgage Loan”) is evidenced by a single promissory note secured by a first mortgage encumbering the fee interest in a full service hotel located in Melville, New York (the “Hilton Long Island Huntington Property”). The Hilton Long Island Huntington Mortgage Loan was originated on July 20, 2016 by Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A. The Hilton Long Island Huntington Mortgage Loan had an original principal balance of $35,000,000, has an outstanding principal balance as of the Cut-off Date of $35,000,000 and accrues interest at an interest rate of 4.500% per annum. The Hilton Long Island Huntington Mortgage Loan had an initial term of 120 months, has a remaining term of 120 months as of the Cut-off Date and requires interest-only payments for the first 24 payments following origination and, thereafter, requires payments of principal and interest based on a 30-year amortization schedule. The Hilton Long Island Huntington Mortgage Loan matures on August 1, 2026.
Following the lockout period, the borrower has the right to defease the Hilton Long Island Huntington Mortgage Loan in whole, but not in part, on any date before February 1, 2026. In addition, the Hilton Long Island Huntington Mortgage Loan is prepayable without penalty on or after February 1, 2026.
A-3-88 |
HILTON LONG ISLAND HUNTINGTON |
Sources and Uses
Sources | Uses | |||||||
Original loan amount | $35,000,000 | 65.3% | Purchase price | $52,250,000 | 97.5% | |||
Sponsor’s new cash contribution | 18,573,730 | 34.7 | Reserves | 566,081 | 1.1 | |||
Closing costs | 757,649 | 1.4 | ||||||
Total Sources | $53,573,730 | 100.0% | Total Uses | $53,573,730 | 100.0% |
The Property. The Hilton Long Island Huntington Property is a five-story, 305-room, full service hotel located in Melville, New York, 37.2 miles east of the New York City central business district. Built in 1988 and extensively renovated between 2012 and 2013, the Hilton Long Island Huntington Property features 130 king guestrooms, 163 double/double guestrooms and 12 full suites. Each guestroom features a flat screen television, a refrigerator, a coffeemaker and an in-room safe. The Hilton Long Island Huntington Property offers 24,662 square feet of meeting space, an outdoor pool, a tennis court, a walking track, a volleyball court, an indoor pool including a whirlpool, a fitness center, a business center, a grab-and-go snack outlet, a concierge lounge, a car rental desk and two restaurants (Basil’s Bistro and Masterson’s). The Hilton Long Island Huntington Property includes 718 surface level parking spaces, equating to a parking ratio of 2.4 spaces per room.
The renovations since 2011 have cost approximately $19.3 million ($63,235 per room) and have included renovations to all guestrooms and public spaces. The borrower is required to complete an approximately $231,450 franchisor-mandated property improvement plan (“PIP”) renovation, which generally must be completed by 2016-2017, the amount for which was reserved at loan closing, that will include repairs and replacements with respect to guestrooms, guest bathrooms, common areas, meeting space, and the exterior. According to the appraisal, the 2015 market mix of the Hilton Long Island Huntington Property was 50% commercial, 25% meeting and group, and 25% leisure. The Hilton Long Island Huntington Property has operated under the Hilton Worldwide affiliation since March 1990 and the current franchise agreement with Hilton Worldwide expires in July 2036.
Operating History and Underwritten Net Cash Flow. The following table presents certain information relating to the historical operating performance and the underwritten net cash flow at the Hilton Long Island Huntington Property:
Cash Flow Analysis
2013 | 2014 | 2015 | TTM 4/30/2016 | U/W | % of U/W Total Revenue | U/W $ per Room | |||||||||
Occupancy | 75.3% | 72.1% | 76.5% | 78.5% | 78.5% | ||||||||||
ADR | $141.88 | $154.62 | $153.72 | $151.69 | $151.69 | ||||||||||
RevPAR | $106.84 | $111.51 | $117.66 | $119.03 | $119.03 | ||||||||||
Room Revenue | $11,816,029 | $12,331,850 | $13,012,637 | $13,228,523 | $13,250,543 | 63.7% | $43,444 | ||||||||
F&B Revenue | 7,229,020 | 7,029,079 | 7,080,041 | 7,006,166 | 7,189,000 | 34.6 | 23,570 | ||||||||
Other Revenue | 314,971 | 323,248 | 361,193 | 348,341 | 348,000 | 1.7 | 1,141 | ||||||||
Total Revenue | $19,360,020 | $19,684,177 | $20,453,871 | $20,583,030 | $20,787,543 | 100.0% | $68,156 | ||||||||
Total Department Expenses | 7,843,243 | 7,495,164 | 7,315,334 | 7,332,452 | 7,524,916 | 36.2 | 24,672 | ||||||||
Gross Operating Profit | $11,516,777 | $12,189,013 | $13,138,537 | $13,250,578 | $13,262,627 | 63.8% | $43,484 | ||||||||
Total Undistributed Expenses | 5,502,889 | 5,721,166 | 6,064,200 | 6,070,880 | 6,108,184 | 29.4 | 20,027 | ||||||||
Profit Before Fixed Charges | $6,013,888 | $6,467,847 | $7,074,337 | $7,179,698 | $7,154,443 | 34.4% | $23,457 | ||||||||
Total Fixed Charges | 1,922,228 | 1,307,439 | 1,788,368 | 1,834,774 | 1,892,744 | 9.1 | 6,206 | ||||||||
Net Operating Income | $4,091,660(1) | $5,160,408(1) | $5,285,969 | $5,344,924 | $5,261,699 | 25.3% | $17,251 | ||||||||
FF&E | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 824,991 | 4.0 | 2,705 | ||||||||
Net Cash Flow | $4,091,660 | $5,160,408 | $5,285,969 | $5,344,924 | $4,436,708 | 21.3% | $14,547 | ||||||||
NOI DSCR | 1.92x | 2.42x | 2.48x | 2.51x | 2.47x | ||||||||||
NCF DSCR | 1.92x | 2.42x | 2.48x | 2.51x | 2.08x | ||||||||||
NOI DY | 11.7% | 14.7% | 15.1% | 15.3% | 15.0% | ||||||||||
NCF DY | 11.7% | 14.7% | 15.1% | 15.3% | 12.7% | ||||||||||
(1) | Net Operating Income between 2013 and 2014 increased mostly due to a one-time real estate tax refund in the amount of $792,551.59. |
The Appraisal. As of the appraisal valuation date of May 11, 2016, the Hilton Long Island Huntington Property had an “as-is” appraised value of $52,300,000. In addition, the appraisal for the Hilton Long Island Huntington Property set forth an “as-stabilized” appraised value of $57,200,000 as of June 1, 2019.
Environmental Matters. According to a Phase I environmental assessment dated May 27, 2016, there was no evidence of any recognized environmental conditions at the Hilton Long Island Huntington Property.
Market Overview and Competition. The Hilton Long Island Huntington Property is located in Melville, New York, part of the greater town of Huntington in Suffolk County, and is approximately 37.2 miles east of the New York City central business district. The Hilton Long Island Huntington Property is situated along State Route 110, one of the primary thoroughfares in the area, and connects to Interstate 495, also known as the Long Island Expressway, providing primary regional access through the central Long
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HILTON LONG ISLAND HUNTINGTON |
Island region. The Hilton Long Island Huntington Property is served by the John F. Kennedy International Airport, approximately 18.0 miles southwest of the Hilton Long Island Huntington Property, the LaGuardia Airport, approximately 20.0 miles northwest of the Hilton Long Island Huntington Property, and MacArthur Airport, located approximately 15.0 miles to the east.
The city of Melville contains numerous Class A and B office parks. Some specific businesses and entities in the area include New York Life Insurance Company, the U.S. Postal Service, Wells Fargo and Farmingdale State College. Restaurants located near the Hilton Long Island Huntington Property include the Melting Pot, Subway, Moe’s Southwest Grill and the Refuge.
The Hilton Long Island Huntington Property benefits from its reasonably close proximity to New York City to the west and beach towns to the east. State and county parks, many of which offer swimming and ice skating, are located across the island. The Fire Island National Seashore on Fire Island is a 21-mile barrier island that offers seashore attractions, tent camping, swimming, surf fishing, hiking, boating, and tours of the Sunken Forest and the Otis Pike National Wilderness Area. Further to the east on Long Island are North Fork and the Hamptons.
The largest employers in the Suffolk County metropolitan statistical area are North Shore-LIJ Health System Foundation (46,840 employees), Roman Catholic Diocese of Rockville Centre (17,000 employees), Stony Brook University (14,534 employees), and Long Island Jewish Medical Center (12,529 employees). A third party hospitality research report identified four competitive hospitality properties, containing 1,061 rooms, which exhibited average occupancy, ADR, and RevPAR of 63.0%, $143.17, and $90.25, respectively, for the trailing 12-month period ending April 30, 2016.
The following table presents certain information relating to the Hilton Long Island Huntington Property’s competitive set:
Subject and Market Historical Occupancy, ADR and RevPAR(1)
Competitive Set | Hilton Long Island Huntington | Penetration Factor | |||||||
Year | Occupancy | ADR | RevPAR | Occupancy | ADR | RevPAR | Occupancy | ADR | RevPAR |
4/30/2016 TTM | 63.0% | $143.17 | $90.25 | 77.5% | $153.76 | $119.23 | 123.0% | 107.4% | 132.1% |
4/30/2015 TTM | 62.3% | $140.86 | $87.59 | 72.3% | $154.34 | $111.61 | 116.1% | 109.7% | 127.4% |
4/30/2014 TTM | 63.4% | $137.07 | $86.91 | 73.0% | $145.08 | $105.92 | 115.1% | 105.8% | 121.9% |
(1) | Information obtained from a third party hospitality research report dated May 17, 2016. The competitive set includes: Holiday Inn Plainview Long Island, UPSKY Long Island Hotel, Marriott Melville Long Island and Hyatt Regency Long Island. |
The Borrower. The borrower is Blue Pearl Hospitality LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and special purpose entity with one independent director. Legal counsel to the borrower delivered a non-consolidation opinion in connection with the origination of the Hilton Long Island Huntington Loan. Naveen Shah is the guarantor of certain nonrecourse carveouts under the Hilton Long Island Huntington Loan. The sole member of the borrower is comprised of over 100 equity owners.
The Sponsor. The sponsor is Naveen Shah, the president and CEO of Navika Group of Companies. Navika Group of Companies was founded in 2005 to acquire, own and manage income-generating real estate domestically. Its current portfolio includes 49 full and limited service hotels under various flags such as Marriott, Hilton, IHG, Wyndham and Best Western, as well as ten office buildings, shopping complexes and recreational assets.
Escrows. The loan documents provide for upfront reserves in the amount of $334,631 for real estate taxes and $231,450 for planned PIP renovations. The loan documents also provide for ongoing monthly reserves for real estate taxes in an amount equal to one-twelfth of the real estate taxes the lender estimates will be payable in the next 12 months and for ongoing monthly FF&E reserves in an amount equal to the greater of (x) the amount (if any) required by the franchisor under the franchise agreement and (y) one-twelfth of 4.0% of operating income for the preceding calendar year (currently $68,724). In addition, if, at any time, the franchisor requires additional PIP work under the franchise agreement, the borrower will be required to deposit an amount equal to 125.0% of the estimated cost of any additional PIP work. The loan documents do not require monthly deposits for insurance premiums as long as (i) no event of default is continuing; (ii) the Hilton Long Island Huntington Property is insured via an acceptable blanket insurance policy; and (iii) the borrower provides the lender with timely proof of payment of insurance premiums.
Lockbox and Cash Management. Upon the occurrence of a Cash Sweep Event Period (as defined below), the borrower is required to establish a lender-controlled lockbox account. The loan documents require that the borrower and manager direct all rents and credit card receipts to be deposited directly into such lockbox account. In addition, the borrower and manager will be required to deposit any amounts received by the borrower or manager into such lockbox account within one business day following receipt. Following the occurrence of a Cash Sweep Event Period, all cash flow is required to be swept to a lender-controlled cash management account and applied as provided in the loan documents.
A “Cash Sweep Event Period” will commence upon (i) the occurrence of an event of default; (ii) the amortizing debt service coverage ratio falling below 1.20x for six consecutive calendar months; (iii) the date that is one year prior to the expiration date of the franchise agreement if by such date (a) the franchise agreement has not been renewed or extended; and (b) the amount then on deposit in the FF&E reserve equals less than $3,050,000; (iv) the franchisor providing notice of an uncured default under the franchise agreement or notice that the Hilton Long Island Huntington Property is not being operated and maintained in accordance with the franchisor’s standards, resulting in the borrower not being in good standing with the franchisor, and such default is not cured within 30 days of such notice; and/or (v) a termination of the franchise agreement. A Cash Sweep Event Period will end with respect to clause (i), if no event of default exists; with respect to clause (ii), upon the amortizing debt service coverage ratio being at least 1.20x for six consecutive calendar months; with respect to clause (iii), upon (x) a renewal or extension of the term of the franchise agreement to the satisfaction of the lender, or (y) the borrower entering into a replacement franchise agreement substantially in the same form and substance as the existing franchise agreement or otherwise reasonably acceptable to the lender,
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HILTON LONG ISLAND HUNTINGTON |
with a franchisor acceptable to the lender (a “Replacement Franchise Cure”); with respect to clause (iv), upon the cure of the default under the franchise agreement; and with respect to clause (v), upon a Replacement Franchise Cure.
Property Management. The Hilton Long Island Huntington Property is managed by Yashodhar Management Co., LLC.
Assumption. The borrower has a two-time right to transfer the Hilton Long Island Huntington Property provided that certain conditions are satisfied, including (i) no event of default has occurred and is continuing; (ii) the lender reasonably approves the proposed transferee, taking into consideration transferee experience, financial strength and general business standing; (iii) an affiliate of the transferee reasonably acceptable to the lender executes a recourse guaranty and environmental indemnity in form and substance identical to the existing guaranty and environmental indemnity; and (iv) if required by the lender, the lender has received confirmation from Fitch, KBRA, Moody’s and S&P that such assumption will not result in a downgrade, withdrawal or qualification of the respective ratings assigned to the Series 2016-BNK1 certificates.
Partial Release. Not permitted.
Real Estate Substitution. Not permitted.
Subordinate and Mezzanine Indebtedness. Not permitted.
Ground Lease. None.
Terrorism Insurance. The loan documents require that the “all risk” insurance policy required to be maintained by the borrower provide coverage for terrorism in an amount determined by lender in its reasonable business judgment, but in no event more than the sum of the full replacement cost of the Hilton Long Island Huntington Property, and twelve months’ business interruption insurance.
Windstorm Insurance. The loan documents require windstorm insurance covering the full replacement cost of the Hilton Long Island Huntington Property during the loan term, subject to a deductible of not more than 5.0% of total insurable value per loss. At the time of loan closing, the Hilton Long Island Huntington Property had windstorm insurance coverage.
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AURORA OFFICE BUILDING |
A-3-92 |
AURORA OFFICE BUILDING |
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No. 10 – Aurora Office Building | |||||||
Loan Information | Property Information | ||||||
Mortgage Loan Seller: | Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC | Single Asset/Portfolio: | Single Asset | ||||
Property Type: | Office | ||||||
Original Principal Balance: | $32,600,000 | Specific Property Type: | Suburban | ||||
Cut-off Date Balance: | $32,600,000 | Location: | Aurora, CO | ||||
% of Initial Pool Balance: | 3.7% | Size: | 183,529 SF | ||||
Loan Purpose: | Refinance | Cut-off Date Balance Per SF: | $177.63 | ||||
Borrower Name: | NRFC Denver Holdings LLC | Year Built/Renovated: | 1997/2016 | ||||
Sponsor: | NRFC NNN Holdings, LLC | Title Vesting: | Fee | ||||
Mortgage Rate: | 4.080% | Property Manager: | Self-managed | ||||
Note Date: | July 8, 2016 | 4th Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 100.0% (12/31/2012) | ||||
Anticipated Repayment Date: | NAP | 3rd Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 100.0% (12/31/2013) | ||||
Maturity Date: | August 1, 2026 | 2nd Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 100.0% (12/31/2014) | ||||
IO Period: | 24 months | Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 100.0% (12/31/2015) | ||||
Loan Term (Original): | 120 months | Current Occupancy (As of): | 100.0% (8/1/2016) | ||||
Seasoning: | 0 months | ||||||
Amortization Term (Original): | 360 months | Underwriting and Financial Information: | |||||
Loan Amortization Type: | Interest-only, Amortizing Balloon | ||||||
Interest Accrual Method: | Actual/360 | 4th Most Recent NOI(2): | NAV | ||||
Call Protection: | L(24),D(92),O(4) | 3rd Most Recent NOI (As of): | $3,545,905 (12/31/2013) | ||||
Lockbox Type: | Hard/Springing Cash Management | 2nd Most Recent NOI (As of): | $3,611,122 (12/31/2014) | ||||
Additional Debt: | None | Most Recent NOI (As of): | $3,674,709 (12/31/2015) | ||||
Additional Debt Type: | NAP | ||||||
U/W Revenues: | $3,730,158 | ||||||
U/W Expenses: | $55,952 | ||||||
U/W NOI: | $3,674,206 | ||||||
U/W NCF: | $3,391,571 | ||||||
Escrows and Reserves(1): | U/W NOI DSCR: | 1.95x | |||||
U/W NCF DSCR: | 1.80x | ||||||
Type: | Initial | Monthly | Cap (If Any) | U/W NOI Debt Yield: | 11.3% | ||
Taxes | $0 | Springing | NAP | U/W NCF Debt Yield: | 10.4% | ||
Insurance | $0 | Springing | NAP | As-Is Appraised Value: | $48,400,000 | ||
Replacement Reserve | $0 | $1,529 | NAP | As-Is Appraisal Valuation Date: | June 6, 2016 | ||
Rollover Reserve | $0 | $45,833 | $3,000,000 | Cut-off Date LTV Ratio: | 67.4% | ||
Unfunded TI/LC Obligations | $4,904,605 | $0 | NAP | LTV Ratio at Maturity or ARD: | 56.9% | ||
(1) | See “Escrows” section. |
(2) | Historical financials prior to 2013 are not available as they were not provided by the borrower. |
The Mortgage Loan. The mortgage loan (the “Aurora Office Building Mortgage Loan”) is evidenced by a single promissory note secured by a first mortgage encumbering a suburban office building located in Aurora, Colorado (the “Aurora Office Building Property”). The Aurora Office Building Mortgage Loan was originated on July 8, 2016 by Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A. The Aurora Office Building Mortgage Loan had an original principal balance of $32,600,000, has an outstanding principal balance as of the Cut-off Date of $32,600,000 and accrues interest at an interest rate of 4.080% per annum. The Aurora Office Building Mortgage Loan had an initial term of 120 months, has a remaining term of 120 months as of the Cut-off Date and requires interest-only payments for the first 24 payments following origination and, thereafter, requires payments of principal and interest based on a 30-year amortization schedule. The Aurora Office Building Mortgage Loan matures on August 1, 2026.
Following the lockout period, the borrower has the right to defease the Aurora Office Building Mortgage Loan in whole, but not in part, on any date before May 1, 2026. In addition, the Aurora Office Building Mortgage Loan is prepayable without penalty on or after May 1, 2026.
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AURORA OFFICE BUILDING |
Sources and Uses
Sources | Uses | |||||||
Original loan amount | $32,600,000 | 92.0% | Loan payoff(1) | $30,046,236 | 84.8% | |||
Sponsor’s new cash contribution | 2,835,306 | 8.0 | Reserves | 4,904,605 | 13.8 | |||
Closing costs | 484,465 | 1.4 | ||||||
Total Sources | $35,435,306 | 100.0% | Total Uses | $35,435,306 | 100.0% |
(1) | The Aurora Office Building Property was previously securitized in the CD 2006-CD3 transaction. |
The Property. The Aurora Office Building Property is a 183,529 square foot, three-story, single-tenant suburban office building located in Aurora, Colorado. The Aurora Office Building Property was constructed in phases, with the original three-story building, comprising 108,240 square feet, constructed in 1997 as a built-to-suit office for TRW, Inc. (“TRW”) and a three-story expansion building, comprising 75,289 square feet, constructed in 2005. The Aurora Office Building Property is 100.0% leased to Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation (“Northrop Grumman Systems”), a subsidiary of Northrop Grumman Corporation (“Northrop Grumman”). TRW was acquired by Northrop Grumman in 2002 and the Aurora Office Building Property has been continuously occupied by Northrop Grumman since the acquisition. Northrop Grumman is a leading global security company providing systems, products and solutions in autonomous systems, cyber, strike, and logistics and modernization to government and commercial customers worldwide. Northrop Grumman had revenues of approximately $23.5 billion in its fiscal year 2015 and employs approximately 65,000 people across three business sectors: aerospace systems, mission systems and technology services.
The Aurora Office Building Property features a 351-seat auditorium, 18,000 square feet of raised floor data center space, substantial fiber optic and data connectivity, high security features, uninterrupted power supply (UPS) systems and extensive HVAC systems to support the data center space. There are 558 parking spaces, for a parking ratio of 3.0 per 1,000 square feet, at the Aurora Office Building Property. The borrower is in the process of completing tenant improvements, including an HVAC replacement project, that is expected to cost an estimated $1.3 million. The loan documents provide for an upfront reserve of approximately $4.9 million, which represents all of the sponsor’s remaining tenant improvement and leasing commission obligations associated with the specified replacement projects as well as other tenant allowances due to the tenant (see “Escrows” section). After the completion of the specified replacement projects, the remaining tenant improvement and leasing commission funds may be used to fund other tenant improvements requested by the tenant. It is anticipated that any such funds may be used to partially fund an approximately $9.5 million ($51.76 per square foot) remodeling and modernization of the Aurora Office Building Property by Northrop Grumman Systems; however, internal approvals for such remodeling and modernization have not yet been obtained by the tenant, and there is no assurance that such approvals will be obtained or such remodeling and modernization plan will be implemented.
The following table presents certain information relating to the tenancy at the Aurora Office Building Property:
Major Tenant
Tenant Name | Credit Rating (Fitch/Moody’s/S&P)(1) | Tenant NRSF | % of NRSF | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF(2) | Annual U/W Base Rent(2) | % of Total Annual U/W Base Rent | Lease Expiration Date |
Major Tenant | |||||||
Northrop Grumman Systems | BBB+/Baa1/BBB+ | 183,529 | 100.0% | $21.48 | $3,943,084 | 100.0% | 11/30/2022(3) |
Total Major Tenants | 183,529 | 100.0% | $21.48 | $3,943,084 | 100.0% | ||
Vacant Space | 0 | 0.0% | |||||
Collateral Total | 183,529 | 100.0% | |||||
(1) | Certain ratings are those of the parent company Northrop Grumman. Northrop Grumman does not guarantee the lease. |
(2) | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF and Annual U/W Base Rent include $254,151 of contractual rent steps, which represent the net present value of rent steps through the loan term. |
(3) | Northrop Grumman Systems has two, five-year lease renewal options. |
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AURORA OFFICE BUILDING |
The following table presents certain information relating to the lease rollover schedule at the Aurora Office Building Property:
Lease Expiration Schedule(1)
Year Ending December 31, | No. of Leases Expiring | Expiring NRSF | % of Total NRSF | Cumulative Expiring NRSF | Cumulative % of Total NRSF | Annual U/W Base Rent | % of Total Annual U/W Base Rent | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF |
MTM | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2016 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2017 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2018 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2019 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2020 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2021 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2022 | 1 | 183,529 | 100.0% | 183,529 | 100.0% | $3,943,084 | 100.0% | $21.48 |
2023 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 183,529 | 100.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2024 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 183,529 | 100.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2025 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 183,529 | 100.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2026 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 183,529 | 100.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
Thereafter | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 183,529 | 100.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
Vacant | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 183,529 | 100.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
Total/Weighted Average | 1 | 183,529 | 100.0% | $3,943,084 | 100.0% | $21.48 |
(1) | Information obtained from the underwritten rent roll. |
The following table presents historical occupancy percentages at the Aurora Office Building Property:
Historical Occupancy
12/31/2012(1) | 12/31/2013(1) | 12/31/2014(1) | 12/31/2015(1) | 8/1/2016(2) | ||||
100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% |
(1) | Information based on the Northrop Grumman Systems lease. |
(2) | Information obtained from the underwritten rent roll. |
Operating History and Underwritten Net Cash Flow. The following table presents certain information relating to the historical operating performance and the underwritten net cash flow at the Aurora Office Building Property:
Cash Flow Analysis
2013 | 2014 | 2015 | U/W | % of U/W Effective Gross Income | U/W $ per SF | |
Base Rent | $3,579,358 | $3,618,413 | $3,688,818 | $3,943,084(1) | 105.7% | $21.48 |
Grossed Up Vacant Space | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 |
Total Reimbursables | 0 | 31,207 | 27,187 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 |
Other Income | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 |
Less Vacancy & Credit Loss | 0 | 0 | 0 | (212,926)(2) | (5.7) | (1.16) |
Effective Gross Income | $3,579,358 | $3,649,620 | $3,716,004 | $3,730,158 | 100.0% | $20.32 |
Total Operating Expenses | $33,452 | $38,498 | $41,296 | $55,952 | 1.5% | $0.30 |
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|
|
|
| |
Net Operating Income | $3,545,905 | $3,611,122 | $3,674,709 | $3,674,206 | 98.5% | $20.02 |
TI/LC | 0 | 0 | 0 | 245,929 | 6.6 | 1.34 |
Capital Expenditures | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36,706 | 1.0 | 0.20 |
Net Cash Flow | $3,545,905 | $3,611,122 | $3,674,709 | $3,391,571 | 90.9% | $18.48 |
NOI DSCR | 1.88x | 1.91x | 1.95x | 1.95x | ||
NCF DSCR | 1.88x | 1.91x | 1.95x | 1.80x | ||
NOI DY | 10.9% | 11.1% | 11.3% | 11.3% | ||
NCF DY | 10.9% | 11.1% | 11.3% | 10.4% |
(1) | U/W Base Rent includes contractual rent steps of $254,151, which are based on the net present value of rent steps during the loan term. |
(2) | The underwritten economic vacancy is 5.7%. The Aurora Office Building Property was 100.0% physically occupied as of August 1, 2016. |
Appraisal. As of the appraisal valuation date of June 6, 2016, the Aurora Office Building Property had an “as-is” appraised value of $48,400,000.
Environmental Matters. According to a Phase I environmental site assessment dated June 14, 2016, there was no evidence of any recognized environmental conditions at the Aurora Office Building Property.
Market Overview and Competition. The Aurora Office Building Property is located in the Aurora office submarket of the broader Denver office market, approximately 10.0 miles to the east of the Denver central business district and 10.0 miles to the southwest of Denver International Airport. Access to the Aurora Office Building Property is provided via Interstate 225, Interstate 70 and Alameda
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AURORA OFFICE BUILDING |
Parkway. The Aurora Office Building Property is located immediately to the west of Buckley Air Force Base, which is a primary demand generator for office use in the Aurora office submarket. Buckley Air Force Base serves over 92,500 active duty, National Guard, Reserve and retired personnel, is the home of the 460th Space Wing under the direction of Air Force Space Command, and is home to the Colorado Air National Guard. Buckley Air Force Base has air operations, space-based missile defense, surveillance and communications operations, and general military support functions on site. The population within a one-, three- and five-mile radius of the Aurora Office Building Property was 18,426, 122,084 and 311,149, respectively, and the median household income within a one-, three- and five-mile radius of the Aurora Office Building Property was $55,919, $50,549 and $51,645, respectively, as of 2016.
According to the appraisal, the Denver office market exhibited vacancy of 10.3% with an asking rental rate of $24.96 per square foot on a gross basis as of the first quarter of 2016. The Aurora office submarket contained approximately 9.0 million square feet of space (including the Aurora Office Building Property), with no office space under construction, as of the first quarter of 2016. For the same time period, the Aurora office submarket exhibited vacancy of 8.9% with an asking rental rate of $17.83 per square foot on a gross basis.
The following table presents certain information relating to comparable office properties to the Aurora Office Building Property:
Comparable Leases(1)
Property Name/Location | Year Built | Total GLA (SF) | Total Occupancy | Distance from Subject | Tenant Name | Lease Date/Term | Lease Area (SF) | Annual Base Rent PSF | Lease Type |
Westmoor Center Westminster, CO | 1997 | 612,890 | 83.4% | 26.8 miles | Zimmer Biomet | July 2016 / 10.5 Yrs | 103,999 | $17.00 | NNN |
Circle Point Corporate Center Westminster, CO | 2001 | 272,873 | 86.4% | 25.5 miles | General Dynamics | February 2016 / 5.5 Yrs | 20,000 | $15.25 | NNN |
Coal Creek Business Park Louisville, CO | 1999 | 203,243 | 100.0% | 32.4 miles | Medtronic | December 2015 / 3.0 Yrs | 76,233 | $15.00 | NNN |
4555 Airport Way Denver, CO | 2008 | 87,201 | 100.0% | 6.7 miles | Karcher North America, Inc. | April 2015 / 12.8 Yrs | 87,201 | $0.00(2) | FSG |
Raytheon-East Hughes Drive Aurora, CO | 2000-2001 | 175,921 | 100.0% | 1.3 miles | Raytheon | June 2014 / 5.4 Yrs | 175,921 | $12.00 | Absolute Net |
(1) | Information obtained from the appraisal and underwritten rent roll. The appraiser concluded to a market rent of $17.00 per square foot. |
(2) | The full building lease utilized a gross expense structure with a 2015 base year at $10.26 per square foot. |
The Borrower. The borrower, NRFC Denver Holdings LLC, is a Delaware limited liability company entity and single purpose entity with one independent director. Legal counsel to the borrower delivered a non-consolidation opinion in connection with the origination of the Aurora Office Building Mortgage Loan. NRFC NNN Holdings, LLC is the guarantor of certain nonrecourse carveouts under the Aurora Office Building Mortgage Loan.
The Sponsor. The loan sponsor is NRFC NNN Holdings, LLC, a subsidiary of NorthStar Realty Finance Corp. (“NorthStar”), which is a publicly-traded (NYSE: NRF), diversified commercial real estate company that is organized as a REIT. NorthStar invests in multiple asset classes across commercial real estate, including real estate assets, senior and subordinate loans, CDOs and interests in real estate private equity funds. During the period from 2009 to the present, the sponsor, NRFC NNN Holdings, LLC was the guarantor under three securitized mortgage loans which were the subject of a deed in lieu of foreclosure, and in one case, litigation, and is the guarantor under two securitized loans that matured in February 2016 and are currently the subject of modification discussions with the respective lender. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool — Loan Purpose; Default History, Bankruptcy Issues and Other Proceedings” in the Preliminary Prospectus.
On June 3, 2016, NorthStar, NorthStar Asset Management Group (“NSAM”) and Colony Capital, Inc. (“Colony”), announced that they have entered into a definitive merger agreement under which the companies will combine in an all-stock merger of equals transaction, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions. The combined company will be named “Colony NorthStar, Inc.” Upon completion of the transaction, NSAM shareholders will own approximately 32.9%, Colony shareholders will own approximately 33.3% and NorthStar shareholders will own approximately 33.9% of the combined company on a fully diluted basis. There can be no assurance as to whether, or when, such merger will occur.
Escrows. The loan documents provide for upfront reserves in the amount of $4,904,605 for outstanding tenant improvements and leasing commissions and landlord work obligations related to the Northrop Grumman Systems lease. The loan documents require monthly deposits of $3,059 for replacement reserves, provided that so long as the Northrop Grumman Systems lease is in effect, such monthly amount will be reduced to $1,529, and monthly deposits of $45,833 for tenant improvements and leasing commissions (capped at $3.0 million), however the monthly deposits for tenant improvements and leasing commissions (“TI/LC”) will be waived following the Northrop Grumman Lease Renewal Date.
The “Northrop Grumman Lease Renewal Date” means such date, if any, on which the term of the Northrop Grumman Systems lease is extended (beyond its current term) for at least ten years or 90.0% or more of the Aurora Office Building Property has been re-let to one or more replacement tenants under one or more replacement leases, as reasonably approved by lender.
The loan documents do not require monthly escrows for real estate taxes provided that Northrop Grumman Systems (or a replacement tenant) (i) is obligated under the terms of its lease to pay all taxes and (ii) has paid all taxes prior to the date upon which they are due. The loan documents do not require monthly escrows for insurance premiums provided that either (i) Northrop Grumman Systems (or a replacement tenant) (x) provides satisfactory evidence of the insurance coverages it is obligated to maintain under the terms of its lease and (y) provides evidence satisfactory to the lender that such insurance is being maintained by
A-3-97 |
AURORA OFFICE BUILDING |
Northrop Grumman Systems (or a replacement tenant); or (ii) the Aurora Office Building Property is insured via an acceptable blanket insurance policy.
During the continuance of a Tenant Cash Sweep Event (as defined below), provided no event of default is continuing under the Aurora Office Building Mortgage Loan, all excess cash flow is required to be deposited into the TI/LC reserve, until such time as either (x) the balance of the TI/LC reserve (including any letter of credit posted for such purpose) equals $4.2 million or (y) the Northrop Grumman Lease Renewal Date occurs, and thereafter into an excess cash flow reserve subaccount. Upon the Northrop Grumman Lease Renewal Date, all funds in the TI/LC reserve are required to be disbursed to the borrower.
Lockbox and Cash Management. The Aurora Office Building Mortgage Loan requires that the borrower direct tenants to pay their rents directly into a lender-controlled lockbox account, which is already in place. The loan documents also require that all rents received by the borrower be deposited into the lockbox account within one business day of receipt. During a Cash Sweep Event Period (as defined below), at lender’s option, all cash flow is required to be swept to a lender-controlled cash management account and applied as provided in the loan documents. If no Cash Sweep Event Period exists, funds in the lockbox account are required to be transferred to a borrower-controlled operating account.
A “Cash Sweep Event Period” will commence upon the earlier of the occurrence and continuance of (i) an event of default; (ii) a DSCR Event (as defined below); or (iii) a Tenant Cash Sweep Event (as defined below). A Cash Sweep Event Period will end with respect to clause (i), upon the cure of such event of default; with respect to clause (ii), upon a DSCR Cure (as defined below); and with respect to clause (iii), upon a Tenant Cash Sweep Event Cure (as defined below).
A “DSCR Event” means the amortizing debt service coverage ratio being less than 1.20x for the immediately preceding six consecutive months.
“DSCR Cure” means either (a) an amortizing debt service coverage ratio equal to or greater than 1.25x for the immediately preceding six consecutive months; provided, that if the DSCR Event in question was the result of a bankruptcy, insolvency or similar event of Northrop Grumman Systems or of Northrop Grumman Systems going dark or terminating its lease or the occurrence of the date one year prior to its lease expiration, then such six month period is not applicable if there is otherwise a Cash Sweep Event Cure with respect to such event or (b) a voluntary prepayment (including during the lockout period) in the minimum amount sufficient to reduce the outstanding principal balance of the Aurora Office Building Mortgage Loan such that the amortizing debt service coverage ratio is equal to or greater than 1.25x (subject to a prepayment premium equal to the greater of a yield maintenance premium or 1.00% of the amount prepaid).
A “Tenant Cash Sweep Event” occurs when Northrop Grumman Systems terminates or cancels its lease in any bankruptcy or similar proceeding (including without limitation a rejection of such lease) or files for bankruptcy or becomes the subject of an insolvency proceeding, or the credit rating of Northrop Grumman Systems falls below BBB- by S&P Global Ratings (or its equivalent by any other nationally–recognized statistical rating agency) or the Northrop Grumman Systems lease terminates or fails to be in full force and effect, Northrop Grumman Systems goes dark, or gives a termination notice under its lease for all or a material portion of its premises, or one year prior to the expiration of the Northrop Grumman Systems lease unless it has been renewed or extended in accordance with its terms or on other terms reasonably acceptable to the lender.
“Tenant Cash Sweep Event Cure” means (a) if the Tenant Cash Sweep Event Period is caused by a bankruptcy, insolvency or similar proceeding of Northrop Grumman Systems, then either (1) the Northrop Grumman Systems lease has been affirmed in bankruptcy and the tenant is in occupancy, open for business and paying full contractual rent or (2) 90.0% or more of the Aurora Office Building Property has been re-let to one or more replacement tenants pursuant to replacement leases, as reasonably approved by the lender; (b) if the Cash Sweep Event Period is caused by Northrop Grumman Systems’ going dark or lease termination or the occurrence of the date one year prior to its lease expiration, then either (1) Northrop Grumman Systems is open for business either pursuant to its lease (which, if such Cash Sweep Event Period occurred due to the occurrence of the date one year prior to lease expiration, has been renewed or extended in accordance with its terms or on other terms reasonably acceptable to the lender) or a replacement lease approved by lender or (2) the Aurora Office Building Property has been re-let to one or more replacement tenants pursuant to replacement leases, as reasonably approved by lender, such that the amortizing debt service coverage ratio is at least 1.25x; or (c) if the Tenant Cash Sweep Event is caused by a downgrade in the rating of Northrop Grumman, then either (1) the credit rating issued by S&P Global Ratings (or its equivalent by any other rating agency) to Northrop Grumman is increased to BBB- or higher or (2) 90.0% or more of the Aurora Office Building Property has been re-let to one or more replacement tenants pursuant to replacement leases, as reasonably approved by the lender; provided, that in the case of (a), (b) or (c) above, a Tenant Cash Sweep Event Cure will also occur if the amount of funds in the TI/LC reserve is no less than $4.2 million (whether by deposit and/or borrower’s posting a letter of credit meeting the requirements of the loan documents).
Property Management. The Aurora Office Building Property is self-managed by the tenant.
Assumption. The borrower has the right to transfer the Aurora Office Building Property provided that certain conditions are satisfied, including (i) no event of default has occurred and is continuing; (ii) the lender reasonably approves the transferee, taking into consideration the transferee’s experience, financial strength and general business standing; (iii) an affiliate of the transferee reasonably acceptable to the lender executes a non-recourse carveout guaranty and environmental indemnity in form and substance identical to the existing guaranty and environmental indemnity; and (iv) if required by the lender, the lender has received confirmation from Fitch, KBRA, Moody’s and S&P that the transfer will not result in a downgrade, withdrawal or qualification of the respective ratings assigned to the WFCM 2016-BNK1 Certificates.
Partial Release. Not permitted.
Real Estate Substitution. Not permitted.
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AURORA OFFICE BUILDING |
Subordinate and Mezzanine Indebtedness. Not permitted.
Ground Lease. None.
Terrorism Insurance. The loan documents require that the “all risk” and business interruption insurance policy required to be maintained by the borrower provide coverage for terrorism in an amount determined by the lender, but in no event more than an amount equal to the full replacement cost of the Aurora Office Building Property and twelve months of business interruption insurance (provided that the borrower is not required to pay terrorism insurance premiums in excess of two times the premium for all risk and business interruption coverage if the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act is no longer in effect).
A-3-99 |
No. 11 – 633 Third Avenue - Retail Condo | |||||||||
Loan Information | Property Information | ||||||||
Mortgage Loan Seller: | Wells Fargo Bank, National Association | Single Asset/Portfolio: | Single Asset | ||||||
Property Type: | Retail | ||||||||
Original Principal Balance: | $32,000,000 | Specific Property Type: | Anchored | ||||||
Cut-off Date Balance: | $32,000,000 | Location: | New York, NY | ||||||
% of Initial Pool Balance: | 3.7% | Size: | 40,468 SF | ||||||
Loan Purpose: | Refinance | Cut-off Date Balance Per SF: | $790.75 | ||||||
Borrower Name: | 633 Realty LLC | Year Built/Renovated: | 1962/NAP | ||||||
Sponsor(1): | Joseph Nakash | Title Vesting: | Fee | ||||||
Mortgage Rate: | 4.400% | Property Manager: | Self-managed | ||||||
Note Date: | June 30, 2016 | 4th Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 100.0% (12/31/2012) | ||||||
Anticipated Repayment Date: | NAP | 3rd Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 100.0% (12/31/2013) | ||||||
Maturity Date: | July 11, 2026 | 2nd Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 100.0% (12/31/2014) | ||||||
IO Period: | 120 months | Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 100.0% (12/31/2015) | ||||||
Loan Term (Original): | 120 months | Current Occupancy (As of): | 100.0% (6/29/2016) | ||||||
Seasoning: | 1 month | ||||||||
Amortization Term (Original): | NAP | Underwriting and Financial Information: | |||||||
Loan Amortization Type: | Interest-only, Balloon | ||||||||
Interest Accrual Method: | Actual/360 | 4th Most Recent NOI (As of): | $2,067,683 (12/31/2013) | ||||||
Call Protection: | L(36),GRTR 1% or YM(80),O(4) | 3rd Most Recent NOI (As of): | $2,403,775 (12/31/2014) | ||||||
Lockbox Type: | Hard/Upfront Cash Management | 2nd Most Recent NOI (As of): | $2,272,290 (12/31/2015) | ||||||
Additional Debt: | None | Most Recent NOI (As of): | $2,290,995 (TTM 4/30/2016) | ||||||
Additional Debt Type: | NAP | ||||||||
U/W Revenues: | $3,367,528 | ||||||||
U/W Expenses: | $1,052,351 | ||||||||
U/W NOI: | $2,315,177 | ||||||||
U/W NCF: | $2,230,294 | ||||||||
U/W NOI DSCR: | 1.62x | ||||||||
Escrows and Reserves: | U/W NCF DSCR: | 1.56x | |||||||
U/W NOI Debt Yield: | 7.2% | ||||||||
Type: | Initial | Monthly | Cap (If Any) | U/W NCF Debt Yield: | 7.0% | ||||
Taxes | $38,790 | $38,789 | NAP | As-Is Appraised Value: | $50,000,000 | ||||
Insurance(2) | $0 | Springing | NAP | As-Is Appraisal Valuation Date: | May 23, 2016 | ||||
Replacement Reserve | $675 | $675 | NAP | Cut-off Date LTV Ratio: | 64.0% | ||||
TI/LC Reserve | $6,745 | $6,745 | NAP | LTV Ratio at Maturity or ARD: | 64.0% | ||||
(1) | The sponsor filed for bankruptcy in 1994 which was dismissed in 1999. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Default History, Bankruptcy Issues and Other Proceedings” in the Preliminary Prospectus. |
(2) | Ongoing reserves for insurance premiums are not required as long as (i) no event of default has occurred and is continuing; (ii) the 633 Third Avenue - Retail Condo Property (as defined below) is insured via an acceptable blanket insurance policy; and (iii) the borrower provides the lender with evidence of renewal of the insurance policies and timely proof of payment of insurance premiums. |
The 633 Third Avenue - Retail Condo mortgage loan is evidenced by a single promissory note that is secured by a first mortgage encumbering a 40,468 square foot retail condominium (the “633 Third Avenue - Retail Condo Property”) within 633 Third Avenue, a 41-story, Class A office condominium building located between East 40th and East 41st Street in New York, New York. Built in 1962, the 633 Third Avenue - Retail Condo Property’s tenancy includes JP Morgan Chase (“Chase Bank”) (representing 40.7% of the net rentable area and 74.4% of the underwritten base rent), New York Sports Club (representing 58.6% of the net rentable area and 24.0% of the underwritten base rent) and Gateway News Stand (representing 0.7% of the net rentable area and 1.6% of the underwritten base rent). Chase Bank, or its predecessor, has been in occupancy since 1962, while New York Sports Club and Gateway News Stand have been in occupancy since 1997. According to the appraisal the overall in-place contractual rents at the 633 Third Avenue – Retail Condo Property are approximately 22.4% below market rent. As of June 29, 2016, the 633 Third Avenue - Retail Condo Property was 100.0% occupied by 3 tenants.
The 633 Third Avenue - Retail Condo Property comprises the entire eastern blockfront of Third Avenue between East 40th and East 41st Streets within the Murray Hill neighborhood of Manhattan. According to a third party report, the estimated 2015 population within a one-, three- and five-mile radius of the 633 Third Avenue - Retail Condo Property was 153,967, 1,272,623 and 2,897,983, respectively, while the estimated 2015 average household income within the same radii was $144,348, $123,300 and $102,620, respectively. According to a third party market research report, the 633 Third Avenue - Retail Condo Property is located within the Grand Central submarket of the New York retail market. As of the second quarter of 2016, the Grand Central submarket reported total inventory of 365,422 square feet. During the same period, the Grand Central submarket exhibited a 2.6% vacancy rate and average asking rate $130.83 per square foot on a triple net basis.
A-3-100 |
633 THIRD AVENUE - RETAIL CONDO |
Sources and Uses
Sources | Uses | |||||||
Original loan amount | $32,000,000 | 100.0% | Loan payoff(1) | $24,185,557 | 75.6% | |||
Closing costs | 804,457 | 2.5 | ||||||
Reserves | 46,210 | 0.1 | ||||||
Return of equity | 6,963,776 | 21.8 | ||||||
Total Sources | $32,000,000 | 100.0% | Total Uses | $32,000,000 | 100.0% |
(1) | The 633 Third Avenue - Retail Condo Property was previously securitized in the MSC 2006-HQ10 transaction. |
The following table presents certain information relating to the tenancies at the 633 Third Avenue - Retail Condo Property:
Major Tenants
Tenant Name | Credit Rating (Fitch/Moody’s /S&P)(1) | Tenant NRSF | % of NRSF | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF | Annual U/W Base Rent | % of Total Annual U/W Base Rent | Sales PSF(2) | Occupancy Cost(2) | Lease Expiration Date |
Tenants | |||||||||
Chase Bank(3) | A+/A3/A- | 16,468 | 40.7% | $144.55(4) | $2,380,500(4) | 74.4% | NAV | NAV | 9/30/2023(5) |
New York Sports Club | NR/Caa2/CCC+ | 23,700 | 58.6% | $32.38 | $767,306 | 24.0% | NAV | NAV | 5/31/2018 |
Gateway News Stand | NR/NR/NR | 300 | 0.7% | $166.09 | $49,828 | 1.6% | NAV | NAV | 6/30/2017 |
Occupied Collateral Total | 40,468 | 100.0% | $79.02 | $3,197,634 | 100.0% | ||||
Vacant Space | 0 | 0.0% | |||||||
Collateral Total | 40,468 | 100.0% | |||||||
(1) | Certain ratings are those of the parent company, whether or not the parent guarantees the lease. |
(2) | The tenants are not required to report sales. |
(3) | Chase Bank subleases approximately 3,800 square feet (9.4% of the net rentable area) to Joseph Nakash (the “Sponsor”) on a sublease for $230,000 ($60.53 per square foot) expiring in September 2023. The Sponsor subleases this approximately 3,800 square foot space to HAS Group, LLC (Blue Olive Restaurant) for $264,000 ($69.47 per square foot) expiring in September 2023. The Chase Bank lease rent of $2,380,500 ($144.55 per square foot) was underwritten. |
(4) | A contractual rent step on October 1, 2018 was underwritten for Chase Bank. Chase Bank currently pays an annual rent of $125.70 per square foot. |
(5) | Chase Bank has one, 5-year lease renewal option. |
The following table presents certain information relating to the lease rollover schedule at the 633 Third Avenue - Retail Condo Property:
Lease Expiration Schedule(1)(2)
Year Ending December 31, | No. of Leases Expiring | Expiring NRSF | % of Total NRSF | Cumulative Expiring NRSF | Cumulative % of Total NRSF | Annual U/W Base Rent | % of Total Annual U/W Base Rent | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF(3) |
MTM | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2016 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2017 | 1 | 300 | 0.7% | 300 | 0.7% | $49,828 | 1.6% | $166.09 |
2018 | 1 | 23,700 | 58.6% | 24,000 | 59.3% | $767,306 | 24.0% | $32.38 |
2019 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 24,000 | 59.3% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2020 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 24,000 | 59.3% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2021 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 24,000 | 59.3% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2022 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 24,000 | 59.3% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2023 | 1 | 16,468 | 40.7% | 40,468 | 100.0% | $2,380,500 | 74.4% | $144.55 |
2024 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 40,468 | 100.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2025 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 40,468 | 100.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2026 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 40,468 | 100.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
Thereafter | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 40,468 | 100.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
Vacant | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 40,468 | 100.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
Total/Weighted Average | 3 | 40,468 | 100.0% | $3,197,634 | 100.0% | $79.02 |
(1) | Information obtained from the underwritten rent roll. |
(2) | Certain tenants may have lease termination options that are exercisable prior to the stated expiration date of the subject lease and that are not considered in the Lease Expiration Schedule. |
(3) | Weighted Average Annual U/W Base Rent PSF excludes vacant space. |
A-3-101 |
633 THIRD AVENUE - RETAIL CONDO |
The following table presents historical occupancy percentages at the 633 Third Avenue - Retail Condo Property:
Historical Occupancy
12/31/2012(1) | 12/31/2013(1) | 12/31/2014(1) | 12/31/2015(1) | 6/29/2016(2) |
100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% |
(1) | Information obtained from the borrower. |
(2) | Information obtained from the underwritten rent roll. |
Operating History and Underwritten Net Cash Flow. The following table presents certain information relating to the historical operating performance and underwritten net cash flow at the 633 Third Avenue - Retail Condo Property:
Cash Flow Analysis
2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
TTM | U/W | % of U/W | U/W $ | |||||||||
Base Rent | $2,650,317 | $2,810,956 | $2,869,597 | $2,887,134 | $3,037,752(1) | 90.2% | $75.07 | ||||||||
Grossed Up Vacant Space | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159,882 | 4.7 | 3.95 | ||||||||
Percentage Rent | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | ||||||||
Total Reimbursables | 21,819 | 261,876 | 363,303 | 364,335 | 329,776 | 9.8 | 8.15 | ||||||||
Other Income | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | ||||||||
Less Vacancy and Credit Loss | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (159,882)(2) | (4.7) | (3.95) | ||||||||
Effective Gross Income | $2,672,136 | $3,072,832 | $3,232,900 | $3,251,469 | $3,367,528 | 100.0% | $83.21 | ||||||||
Total Operating Expenses | $604,453 | $669,057 | $960,609 | $960,475 | $1,052,351 | 31.2% | $26.00 | ||||||||
Net Operating Income | $2,067,683 | $2,403,775 | $2,272,290 | $2,290,995 | $2,315,177 | 68.8% | $57.21 | ||||||||
TI/LC | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76,790 | 2.3 | 1.90 | ||||||||
Capital Expenditures | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8,094 | 0.2 | 0.20 | ||||||||
Net Cash Flow | $2,067,683 | $2,403,775 | $2,272,290 | $2,290,995 | $2,230,294 | 66.2% | $55.11 | ||||||||
NOI DSCR | 1.45x | 1.68x | 1.59x | 1.60x | 1.62x | ||||||||||
NCF DSCR | 1.45x | 1.68x | 1.59x | 1.60x | 1.56x | ||||||||||
NOI DY | 6.5% | 7.5% | 7.1% | 7.2% | 7.2% | ||||||||||
NCF DY | 6.5% | 7.5% | 7.1% | 7.2% | 7.0% |
(1) | A contractual rent step on October 1, 2018 was underwritten for Chase Bank, totaling $310,500 above the tenant’s current in-place contract rent. |
(2) | The underwritten economic vacancy is 5.0%. The 633 Third Avenue - Retail Condo Property was 100.0% physically occupied as of June 29, 2016. |
The following table presents certain information relating to some comparable retail leases for the 633 Third Avenue - Retail Condo Property:
Comparable Leases(1)
Property Name/ Location | Year Built/ Renovated | Anchor Tenants | Total GLA (SF) | Total Occupancy | Distance from Subject | Tenant Name | Lease Date / Term | Lease Area (SF) | Annual Base Rent PSF | Lease Type |
60 East 42nd Street New York, NY | 1930/NAP | NAV | 1,252,063 | 100% | 0.3 miles | Fed Ex | March 2016 | 2,690 | $200.24 | Gross |
100 Park Avenue New York, NY | 1950/2007 | NAV | 887,489 | 99% | 0.2 miles | Willner Chemist | December 2015 / 10 Yrs | 9,015 | $97.50 | Gross |
757 Third Avenue New York, NY | 1962/1987 | NAV | 504,953 | 90% | 0.3 miles | CVS | December 2014 / 10 Yrs | 9,800 | $200.00 | Gross |
125 Park Avenue New York, NY | 1923/2004 | NAV | 654,852 | 98% | 0.2 miles | Blonk Fitness | March 2015 / 15 Yrs | 18,200 | $65.93 | Gross |
(1) | Information obtained from the appraisal and a third party report. |
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A-3-103 |
No. 12 – Riverside University Village | |||||||
Loan Information | Property Information | ||||||
Mortgage Loan Seller: | Bank of America, National Association | Single Asset/Portfolio: | Single Asset | ||||
Property Type: | Retail | ||||||
Original Principal Balance: | $29,250,000 | Specific Property Type: | Anchored | ||||
Cut-off Date Balance: | $29,013,042 | Location: | Riverside, CA | ||||
% of Initial Pool Balance: | 3.3% | Size: | 180,126 SF | ||||
Loan Purpose: | Acquisition | Cut-off Date Balance Per SF: | $161.07 | ||||
Borrower Name: | UR Village LLC | Year Built/Renovated: | 1998/NAP | ||||
Sponsor: | Bochao Zhan | Title Vesting: | Fee | ||||
Mortgage Rate: | 4.960% | Property Manager: | NewMark Merrill Companies, LLC | ||||
Note Date: | February 23, 2016 | 4th Most Recent Occupancy: | NAV | ||||
Anticipated Repayment Date: | NAP | 3rd Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 83.5% (12/31/2013) | ||||
Maturity Date: | March 1, 2026 | 2nd Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 92.6% (12/31/2014) | ||||
IO Period: | 0 months | Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 94.1% (12/31/2015) | ||||
Loan Term (Original): | 120 months | Current Occupancy (As of)(4): | 93.6% (7/1/2016) | ||||
Seasoning: | 5 months | ||||||
Amortization Term (Original): | 300 months | Underwriting and Financial Information: | |||||
Loan Amortization Type: | Amortizing Balloon | ||||||
Interest Accrual Method: | Actual/360 | 4th Most Recent NOI: | NAV | ||||
Call Protection: | L(29),D(87),O(4) | 3rd Most Recent NOI (As of): | $2,263,515 (12/31/2013) | ||||
Lockbox Type: | Springing | 2nd Most Recent NOI (As of): | $2,412,626 (12/31/2014) | ||||
Additional Debt: | None | Most Recent NOI (As of): | $2,965,702 (12/31/2015) | ||||
Additional Debt Type: | NAP | ||||||
U/W Revenues: | $4,813,094 | ||||||
U/W Expenses: | $1,864,575 | ||||||
U/W NOI: | $2,948,519 | ||||||
Escrows and Reserves: | U/W NCF: | $2,734,075 | |||||
U/W NOI DSCR: | 1.44x | ||||||
Type: | Initial | Monthly | Cap (If Any) | U/W NCF DSCR: | 1.34x | ||
Taxes(1) | $0 | $26,625 | NAP | U/W NOI Debt Yield: | 10.2% | ||
Insurance | $11,757 | $5,879 | NAP | U/W NCF Debt Yield: | 9.4% | ||
Replacement Reserves(2) | $0 | $7,505 | NAP | As-Is Appraised Value: | $47,600,000 | ||
Immediate Repair Reserve | $116,250 | $0 | NAP | As-Is Appraisal Valuation Date: | December 9, 2015 | ||
TI/LC Reserve | $0 | $17,500 | $420,000 | Cut-off Date LTV Ratio: | 61.0% | ||
Existing TI/LC Obligations(3) | $52,116 | $0 | NAP | LTV Ratio at Maturity or ARD: | 45.9% | ||
(1) | The Riverside University Village Property is subject to a deed of trust in favor of the City of Riverside which is senior to the lender’s deed of trust. The deed of trust secured an HUD loan which was paid off at loan closing and a tax shortfall agreement. The tax shortfall agreement requires the borrower to pay a shortfall amount each year in an amount equal to the difference between actual property taxes incurred and a threshold amount established by the city. The tax shortfall agreement expires in 2023 and the shortfall amount based on historical payments is estimated to be approximately $30,000 per year. See “Description of the Mortgage Pool – Real Estate Taxes and Other Considerations” in the Preliminary Prospectus. |
(2) | The Replacement Reserves deposit will decrease to $3,753 on each payment date starting on June 1, 2019. |
(3) | Existing TI/LC Obligations relate to $20,000 for Sweet Daily, $17,892 for Regents – Design, $10,366 for Regents - Cap Resource and $3,858 for Lollicup Tea Zone. |
(4) | See “Historical Occupancy” section. |
The Riverside University Village mortgage loan is evidenced by a single promissory note that is secured by a first mortgage encumbering a 180,126 square foot anchored retail center (the “Riverside University Village Property”) located in Riverside, California, approximately 60.0 miles east of downtown Los Angeles and 12.0 miles southwest of San Bernardino. Built between 1998 and 2007, the Riverside University Village Property consists of 180,126 square feet across four two-story buildings situated on a 12.0 acre parcel. The Riverside University Village Property is anchored by a 10-screen Regency Theatres and has a diverse mix of 54 tenants with no tenant representing more than 7.1% of net rentable area or 7.1% of base rent. There are 1,382 parking spaces at the Riverside University Village Property (472 surface spaces and 910 garage spaces) resulting in a parking ratio of 7.7 spaces per 1,000 square feet of net rentable area. As of July 1, 2016, the Riverside University Village Property was 93.6% leased to 54 tenants.
The Riverside University Village Property is located at the northeast corner of University and Iowa Avenues adjacent to the University of California Riverside (“UC Riverside”). UC Riverside is a research university with approximately 22,000 students and 900 instructional faculty. The Riverside University Village Property is part of the Moreno Valley/Riverside/Corona submarket of the San Bernardino/Riverside retail market. The Moreno Valley/Riverside/Corona submarket contains approximately 10.2 million square feet (20.1% of the region’s square feet) and, as of the third quarter of 2015, reported vacancy of 6.9% and average asking rents of
A-3-104 |
RIVERSIDE UNIVERSITY VILLAGE |
$21.67 per square foot, as compared to the broader San Bernardino/Riverside retail market’s vacancy of 9.3% and average asking rents of $21.48 per square foot. The primary trade area for the Riverside University Village Property is estimated to be a three-mile radius, which had an estimated 2015 population of 95,229, average household income of $67,169 and aggregate retail sales of approximately $1.6 billion ($52,203 sales/household). Population and average household income in the primary trade area have grown at a compound annual rate of 1.2% and 2.0%, respectively, since 2000. Estimated 2015 population and average household income within a five-mile radius were 212,789 and $74,641, respectively.
Sources and Uses
Sources | Uses | |||||||
Original loan amount | $29,250,000 | 65.6% | Purchase price | $43,890,000 | 98.4% | |||
Sponsor’s new cash contribution | 15,331,179 | 34.4 | Reserves | 180,123 | 0.4 | |||
Closing costs | 511,056 | 1.1 | ||||||
Total Sources | $44,581,179 | 100.0% | Total Uses | $44,581,179 | 100.0% |
The following table presents certain information relating to the tenancy at the Riverside University Village Property:
Major Tenants
Tenant Name | Credit Rating (Fitch/ Moody’s/ S&P)(1) | Tenant NRSF | % of NRSF | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF(2) | Annual U/W Base Rent(2) | % of Total Annual U/W Base Rent | Sales PSF(3) | Occupancy Cost(3) | Lease Expiration Date |
Anchor Tenant | |||||||||
Regency Theatres | NR/NR/NR | 41,915 | 23.3% | $9.42 | $395,000 | 10.5% | $309,232(4) | 12.8% | 12/31/2021 |
Total Anchor Tenant | 41,915 | 23.3% | $9.42 | $395,000 | 10.5% | ||||
Top 5 In-Line Retail Tenants | |||||||||
US Army Corps of Engineers | AAA/Aaa/AA+ | 2,722 | 1.5% | $41.52 | $113,017 | 3.0% | NAV | NAV | 7/31/2019 |
T-Mobile | NR/NR/BB | 2,940 | 1.6% | $37.95 | $111,573 | 3.0% | $873 | 5.5% | 7/31/2020 |
7-Eleven | NR/Baa1/AA- | 3,088 | 1.7% | $34.94 | $107,907 | 2.9% | NAV | NAV | 3/31/2019 |
Sushi Ya | NR/NR/NR | 3,608 | 2.0% | $25.92 | $93,519 | 2.5% | $182 | 20.4% | 11/30/2016(5) |
JP Morgan Chase | A+/A3/A- | 3,152 | 1.7% | $29.52 | $93,060 | 2.5% | NAV | NAV | 2/28/2019 |
Total Top 5 In-Line Retail Tenants | 15,510 | 8.6% | $33.47 | $519,076 | 13.8% | ||||
Non-Major In-Line Retail Tenants(6) | 58,979 | 32.7% | $31.92 | $1,797,315 | 47.6% | ||||
Total In-Line Retail Tenants | 74,489 | 41.4% | $32.25 | $2,316,391 | 61.4% | ||||
Top 5 Office Tenants | |||||||||
Regents of UCR – UNEX | AA/Aa2/AA | 12,726 | 7.1% | $21.03 | $267,647 | 7.1% | N/A | N/A | Various(7) |
Regents of UCR - Accounting | AA/Aa2/AA | 7,634 | 4.2% | $20.98 | $160,164 | 4.2% | N/A | N/A | 11/30/2018 |
Regents of UCR – Design & Construction | AA/Aa2/AA | 8,946 | 5.0% | $17.82 | $159,446 | 4.2% | N/A | N/A | 10/17/2016 |
Regents of UCR | AA/Aa2/AA | 8,579 | 4.8% | $14.84 | $127,308 | 3.4% | N/A | N/A | 7/31/2017 |
Regents of UCR | AA/Aa2/AA | 4,652 | 2.6% | $20.98 | $97,601 | 2.6% | N/A | N/A | 11/30/2018 |
Total Top 5 Office Tenants | 42,537 | 23.6% | $19.09 | $812,166 | 21.5% | ||||
Non-Major Office Tenants(8) | 9,640 | 5.4% | $26.06(8) | $251,247 | 6.7% | ||||
Total Office Tenants | 52,177 | 29.0% | $20.38 | $1,063,413 | 28.2% | ||||
Occupied Collateral Total | 168,581 | 93.6% | $22.39 | $3,774,804 | 100.0% | ||||
Vacant Space(9) | 11,545 | 6.4% | |||||||
Collateral Total | 180,126 | 100.0% | |||||||
(1) | Certain ratings are those of the parent company whether or not the parent guarantees the lease. |
(2) | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF and Annual U/W Base Rent include contractual rent steps through July 2017 totaling $29,317. |
(3) | Sales PSF and Occupancy Cost are based on the on the trailing 12-month period ending May 31, 2016. |
(4) | Regency Theatres has 10 screens at the property which results in $309,232 sales per screen. |
(5) | Sushi Ya is currently in the process of negotiating a one-year lease renewal with the sponsor. |
(6) | Non-Major In-Line Retail Tenants include a suite totaling 2,672 square feet (1.5% of the net rentable area) that is donated rent free for use by the University Police Department. |
(7) | Regents of UCR – UNEX has a lease for 4,836 square feet (2.7% of the net rentable area) expiring September 11, 2016 and a lease for 7,890 square feet (4.4% of the net rentable area) expiring January 22, 2017. |
(8) | Includes 138 square feet of storage space leased to Regents of UCR at $3.04 per square foot. Also includes antenna leases with T-Mobile and AT&T for $33,622 and $34,883 per year, respectively, which have no related square footage; Annual U/W Base Rent PSF excluding the rent related to these leases is $18.91. |
(9) | The sponsor received an executed letter of intent with Noodle World for a 2,589 square foot suite at the Riverside University Village Property at $34.00 per square foot; an increase over the previous tenant’s rent of $28.00 per square foot. |
A-3-105 |
RIVERSIDE UNIVERSITY VILLAGE |
The following table presents certain information relating to the lease rollover schedule at the Riverside University Village Property:
Lease Expiration Schedule(1)(2)
Year Ending December 31, | No. of Leases Expiring | Expiring NRSF | % of Total NRSF | Cumulative Expiring NRSF | Cumulative % of Total NRSF | Annual U/W Base Rent | % of Total Annual U/W Base Rent | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF(3) |
MTM(4) | 2 | 2,810 | 1.6% | 2,810 | 1.6% | $420 | 0.0% | $0.15 |
2016 | 7 | 27,294 | 15.2% | 30,104 | 16.7% | $595,701 | 15.8% | $21.83 |
2017 | 9 | 27,259 | 15.1% | 57,363 | 31.8% | $632,767 | 16.8% | $23.21 |
2018 | 8 | 21,212 | 11.8% | 78,575 | 43.6% | $495,471 | 13.1% | $21.77 |
2019 | 12 | 23,613 | 13.1% | 102,188 | 56.7% | $761,228 | 20.2% | $32.24 |
2020 | 4 | 7,143 | 4.0% | 109,331 | 60.7% | $256,891 | 6.8% | $35.96 |
2021 | 9 | 51,303 | 28.5% | 160,634 | 89.2% | $776,283 | 20.6% | $14.45 |
2022 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 160,634 | 89.2% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2023 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 160,634 | 89.2% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2024 | 2 | 2,835 | 1.6% | 163,469 | 90.8% | $94,310 | 2.5% | $33.27 |
2025 | 1 | 2,095 | 1.2% | 165,564 | 91.9% | $80,272 | 2.1% | $38.32 |
2026 | 1 | 3,017 | 1.7% | 168,581 | 93.6% | $81,459 | 2.2% | $27.00 |
Thereafter | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 168,581 | 93.6% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
Vacant | 0 | 11,545 | 6.4% | 180,126 | 100.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
Total/Weighted Average | 55 | 180,126 | 100.0% | $3,774,804 | 100.0% | $22.34 |
(1) | Information obtained from the underwritten rent roll. |
(2) | Certain tenants may have lease termination options that are exercisable prior to the originally stated expiration date of the subject lease and that are not considered in the Lease Expiration Schedule. |
(3) | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF excludes vacant space, one rent free suite and rent attributed to two antenna leases with T-Mobile and AT&T for $33,622 and $34,883 per year, respectively. |
(4) | There are two MTM tenants at the Riverside University Village Property. A suite totaling 2,672 square feet is donated rent free for use by the University Police Department and 138 square feet of storage space is leased to Regents of UCR at $3.04 per square foot. |
The following table presents historical occupancy percentages at the Riverside University Village Property:
Historical Occupancy
12/31/2012 | 12/31/2013(1) | 12/31/2014(1) | 12/31/2015(1) | 7/1/2016(2) | ||||
NAV | 83.5% | 92.6% | 94.1% | 93.6% |
(1) | Information obtained from the borrower’s certified rent roll. |
(2) | Information obtained from the underwritten rent roll. Current occupancy includes two tenants totaling 4,511 square feet (2.5% of net rentable area) with signed leases who are not yet in occupancy. Current occupancy excluding these tenants is 91.1%. |
A-3-106 |
RIVERSIDE UNIVERSITY VILLAGE |
Operating History and Underwritten Net Cash Flow. The following table presents certain information relating to the historical operating performance and underwritten net cash flow at the Riverside University Village Property:
Cash Flow Analysis
2013 | 2014 | 2015 | U/W | % of U/W Effective Gross Income | U/W $ per SF | |||||||
Base Rent | $2,959,335 | 3,213,964 | $3,479,379 | $3,774,805(1) | 78.4% | $20.96 | ||||||
Grossed Up Vacant Space | 0 | 0 | 0 | 271,888 | 5.6 | 1.51 | ||||||
Percentage Rent | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | ||||||
Total Reimbursables | 792,187 | 711,631 | 849,207 | 1,055,064 | 21.9 | 5.86 | ||||||
Other Income | 29,758 | 21,117 | 25,873 | 12,280 | 0.3 | 0.07 | ||||||
Less Vacancy & Credit Loss | 0 | 0 | 0 | (300,943)(1) | (6.3) | (1.67) | ||||||
Effective Gross Income | $3,781,280 | $3,946,712 | $4,354,459 | $4,813,094 | 100.0% | $26.72 | ||||||
Total Operating Expenses | $1,517,765 | $1,534,086 | $1,388,757 | $1,864,575 | 38.7% | $10.35 | ||||||
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Net Operating Income | $2,263,515 | $2,412,626 | $2,965,702 | $2,948,519 | 61.3% | $16.37 | ||||||
TI/LC | 0 | 0 | 0 | 165,660 | 3.4 | 0.92 | ||||||
Capital Expenditures | 0 | 0 | 0 | 48,784 | 1.0 | 0.27 | ||||||
Net Cash Flow | $2,263,515 | $2,412,626 | $2,965,702 | $2,734,075 | 56.8% | $15.18 | ||||||
NOI DSCR | 1.11x | 1.18x | 1.45x | 1.44x | ||||||||
NCF DSCR | 1.11x | 1.18x | 1.45x | 1.34x | ||||||||
NOI DY | 7.8% | 8.3% | 10.2% | 10.2% | ||||||||
NCF DY | 7.8% | 8.3% | 10.2% | 9.4% |
(1) | U/W Base Rent includes contractual rent steps through June 2017 totaling $29,317. |
(2) | The underwritten economic vacancy is 5.9%. The Riverside University Village Property was 93.6% physically occupied as of July 1, 2016. |
The following table presents certain information relating to some competitive retail properties for the Riverside University Village Property:
Competitive Retail Properties(1)
Property Name/ Location | Type | Year Built/Renovated | Occ. | Total GLA (SF) | Anchor GLA (SF) | Anchors | Inline Rent PSF | Distance to Subject |
Riverside University Village (Subject) | Community Center | 1998/NAP | 94% | 180,126 | 41,915 | Regency Theatres | $32.25 | N/A |
University Heights Center 3355 Iowa Ave Riverside, CA | Neighborhood Center | 1986/NAP | 93% | 33,185 | 0 | N/A | $18.00 | 0.9 miles |
University Plaza 755-783 Blaine St Riverside, CA | Neighborhood Center | 1963/2002 | 98% | 99,868 | 72,000 | Vons, Pier 1 Imports, Rite Aid | $36.00 | 1.1 miles |
Canyon Crest Towne Center 5225 Canyon Crest Dr Riverside, CA | Community Center | 1979/1999 | 98% | 253,300 | 50,727 | Ralph’s, Rite Aid | $26.11 | 1.3 miles |
Magnolia Towne Center 6033-6189 Magnolia Ave Riverside, CA | Neighborhood Center | 1993/NAP | 98% | 132,498 | 73,000 | Ralph’s, Rite Aid | $28.77 | 3.2 miles |
Riverside Plaza 3505-3659 Central Ave Riverside, CA | Regional Center | 1957/2014 | 92% | 517,757 | 211,661 | Regal Cinemas, Forever 21, Vons, Nordstrom Rack, Marshalls | $27.48 | 3.5 miles |
Mission Grove Plaza 301-375 E Alessandro Blvd Riverside, CA | Community Center | 1982/2000 | 94% | 315,833 | 129,000 | CinemaStar, Ralph’s | $29.52 | 4.2 miles |
Towngate Center 22950 Towngate Blvd Moreno Valley, CA | Power Center | 1988/1992 | 92% | 377,705 | 184,418 | Regency Theatres, Burlington Coat Factory, Ross Dress for Less, T.J. Maxx | $19.44 | 5.6 miles |
(1) | Information obtained from the appraisal, property condition report and underwritten rent roll. |
A-3-107 |
No. 13 & 14 – FedEx – Atlanta, GA & FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL(1) | ||||||||
Loan Information | Property Information | |||||||
Mortgage Loan Seller: | Bank of America, National Association | Single Asset/Portfolio: | Portfolio | |||||
Property Type: | Industrial | |||||||
Original Principal Balance(2): | $26,037,500 | Specific Property Type: | Warehouse Distribution | |||||
Cut-off Date Balance(2): | $26,037,500 | Location: | Various | |||||
% of Initial Pool Balance: | 3.0% | Size: | Various | |||||
Loan Purpose: | Acquisition | Cut-off Date Balance Per SF(2): | $97.03 | |||||
Borrower Names: | PA-SC Atlanta Project LLC; PA-SC West Palm Beach Project LLC | Year Built/Renovated: | 2016/NAP | |||||
Sponsor: | MRP Group | Title Vesting: | Fee | |||||
Mortgage Rate: | 4.246% | Property Manager: | Self-managed | |||||
Note Date: | May 19, 2016 | 4th Most Recent Occupancy(7): | NAV | |||||
Anticipated Repayment Date: | NAP | 3rd Most Recent Occupancy(7): | NAV | |||||
Maturity Date: | June 1, 2026 | 2nd Most Recent Occupancy(7): | NAV | |||||
IO Period: | 120 months | Most Recent Occupancy(7): | NAV | |||||
Loan Term (Original): | 120 months | Current Occupancy (As of): | 100.0% (8/1/2016) | |||||
Seasoning: | 2 months | |||||||
Amortization Term (Original): | NAP | Underwriting and Financial Information: | ||||||
Loan Amortization Type: | Interest-only, Balloon | |||||||
Interest Accrual Method: | Actual/360 | 4th Most Recent NOI(8): | NAV | |||||
Call Protection: | L(26),D(90),O(4) | 3rd Most Recent NOI(8): | NAV | |||||
Lockbox Type: | Hard/Springing Cash Management | 2nd Most Recent NOI(8): | NAV | |||||
Additional Debt(2): | Yes | Most Recent NOI(8): | NAV | |||||
Additional Debt Type(2): | Pari Passu | |||||||
U/W Revenues: | $6,626,359 | |||||||
U/W Expenses: | $1,050,967 | |||||||
U/W NOI: | $5,575,392 | |||||||
U/W NCF: | $5,370,387 | |||||||
Escrows and Reserves: | U/W NOI DSCR(2): | 2.49x | ||||||
U/W NCF DSCR(2): | 2.40x | |||||||
Type: | Initial | Monthly | Cap (If Any) | U/W NOI Debt Yield(2): | 10.7% | |||
Taxes | $413,075 | $74,796 | NAP | U/W NCF Debt Yield(2): | 10.3% | |||
Insurance(3) | $0 | Springing | NAP | As-Is Appraised Value: | $95,850,000 | |||
Change Order Reserve(4) | $831,578 | $0 | NAP | As-Is Appraisal Valuation Date: | Various | |||
General Contract Completion and Punchlist reserve(5) | $278,796 | $0 | NAP | Cut-off Date LTV Ratio(2): | 54.3% | |||
Rent Credit Reserve(6) | $179,882 | $0 | NAP | LTV Ratio at Maturity or ARD(2): | 54.3% | |||
(1) | The FedEx – Atlanta, GA mortgage loan and the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL mortgage loan are cross-collateralized and cross-defaulted with one another. All information herein represents the FedEx – Atlanta, GA mortgage loan and the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL mortgage loan presented as one mortgage loan, except as otherwise specified below. With respect to each of the FedEx – Atlanta, GA mortgage loan and the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL mortgage loan, the applicable loan-to-value ratios, debt service coverage ratios and debt yields for each such mortgage loan are based upon the ratio or yield (as applicable) for the aggregate indebtedness evidenced by both mortgage loans (without regard to the limitation on the amount of indebtedness secured by the FedEx – West Palm Bach, FL Property). On an individual basis, without regard to the cross-collateralization feature, a related mortgage loan may have a higher loan-to-value ratio, lower debt service coverage ratio and/or lower debt yield than is presented herein. |
(2) | The FedEx – Atlanta, GA Whole Loan (as defined below), totaling $28,400,000, is comprised of two pari passu notes (Notes A-1 and A-2). The controlling Note A-1 had an original principal balance of $14,200,000, has an outstanding principal balance of $14,200,000 as of the Cut-off Date and will be contributed to the WFCM 2016-BNK1 Trust. The non-controlling Note A-2 had an original principal balance of $14,200,000 and was contributed to the CGCMT 2016-P4 Trust. The FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Whole Loan (as defined below), totaling $23,675,000, is comprised of two pari passu notes (Notes A-1 and A-2). The controlling Note A-1 had an original principal balance of $11,837,500, has an outstanding principal balance of $11,837,500 as of the Cut-off Date and will be contributed to the WFCM 2016-BNK1 Trust. The non-controlling Note A-2 had an original principal balance of $11,837,500 and was contributed to the CGCMT 2016-P4 Trust. All statistical financial information related to balances per square foot, loan-to-value ratios, debt service ratios and debt yields are based on the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Whole Loan and the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Whole Loan. |
(3) | Ongoing reserves for insurance are not required as long as (i) no event of default has occurred and is continuing; (ii) none of the following events has occurred or is continuing: FedEx (defined below) (a) fails to occupy the space 12 months from the origination date of the loan, (b) goes dark, vacates or gives notice of intent to do so, (c) terminates or gives notice of its intention to terminate the lease, (d) fails to renew its lease for a period of at least five years, (e) fails to pay rent or any expenses due, or (f) files for bankruptcy or similar insolvency proceedings; and (iii) FedEx is directly paying the cost of insurance premiums which the borrower is required to make. |
(4) | FedEx was provided a change order allowance for requested work at the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Property ($550,000) and FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Property ($500,000). According to the leases, the funds will be disbursed for work requested by FedEx or refunded to FedEx if not used. There was $831,578 in allowance outstanding at loan origination which was escrowed upfront. |
(5) | At loan origination there was a contract balance outstanding for general contractor work in the amount of $190,546 at the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Property and $30,000 at the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Property which was escrowed upfront. In addition, there were various punch list items to be completed by the sponsor including delivery of a storm water management system maintenance plan and landscaping, paving and grading obligations at the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Property and relocation of a record storage cage at the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Property totaling $58,250 which was escrowed upfront. |
(6) | There is currently a $179,882 rent credit outstanding at the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Property due to the revision of the rent commencement date which was escrowed upfront. |
(7) | See “Historical Occupancy” section. |
(8) | See “Cash Flow Analysis” section. |
A-3-108 |
FEDEX – ATLANTA, GA & FEDEX – WEST PALM BEACH, FL
The FedEx – Atlanta, GA mortgage loan is part of a whole loan (the “FedEx – Atlanta, GA Whole Loan”) that is evidenced by two pari passu notes (Notes A-1 and A-2) secured by a first mortgage encumbering a 311,489 square foot industrial warehouse distribution center located in Austell, Georgia (the “FedEx – Atlanta, GA Property”). The FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL mortgage loan is part of a whole loan (the “FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Whole Loan”) that is evidenced by two pari passu notes (Notes A-1 and A-2) secured by a first mortgage encumbering a 225,198 square foot industrial warehouse distribution center located in West Palm Beach, Florida (the “FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Property”). The FedEx – Atlanta, GA Whole Loan and the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Whole Loan (collectively, the “FedEx – Atlanta, GA and FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Crossed Mortgage Loans”) are cross-collateralized and cross-defaulted with one another; provided that the indebtedness secured by the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Property pursuant to the cross-collateralization agreement is limited to $29,593,750. The FedEx – Atlanta, GA Whole Loan and FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Whole Loan were co-originated on May 19, 2016 by Bank of America, National Association and Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp. Both the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Property and the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Property were built in 2016 as a build-to-suit for the sole tenant, FedEx Ground Package System, Inc. (“FedEx”). FedEx has a 15-year triple-net lease expiring January 2031 at the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Property and December 2030 at the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Property, both with two five-year renewal options.
The FedEx – Atlanta, GA Property is located 12.0 miles west of downtown Atlanta in Cobb County. Primary access to the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Property is provided by Interstate 20 and State Route 6. According to a third-party market research report, the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Property is located within the I-20 West Fulton submarket of the Atlanta Industrial market. As of the first quarter of 2016, the submarket reported an inventory of 1,750 buildings totaling approximately 102.0 million square feet with a 7.2% vacancy rate. The appraiser concluded to a market rent for the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Property of $10.23 per square foot, triple net. FedEx is expected to commence operations at the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Property in September 2016.
The FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Property is located six miles west of the West Palm Beach central business district in Palm Beach County. Primary access to the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Property is provided by the Florida Turnpike and Interstate 95. According to a third-party market research report, the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Property is located within the West Palm Beach submarket of the Palm Beach County market. As of the first quarter of 2016, the submarket reported an inventory of 179 buildings totaling approximately 4.7 million square feet with a 4.0% vacancy rate. The appraiser concluded to a market rent for the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Property of $11.80 per square foot, triple net.
The following table presents certain information relating to the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Property and FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Property:
Property Name | Cut-off Date Balance | % of Crossed Cut-off Date Balance% | Occupancy | Net Rentable Area (SF) | Appraised Value | Allocated LTV(1) | Appraisal Valuation Date |
FedEx – Atlanta, GA | $14,200,000 | 54.5% | 100.0% | 311,489 | $51,750,000 | 54.9% | April 25, 2016 |
FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL | $11,837,500 | 45.5% | 100.0% | 225,198 | $44,100,000 | 53.7% | April 21, 2016 |
Total/Weighted Average | $26,037,500 | 100.0% | 100.0% | 536,687 | $95,850,000 | 54.3% |
(1) | Allocated LTV is based on the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Whole Loan balance and the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Whole Loan balance. |
Sources and Uses – FedEx – Atlanta, GA
Sources | Uses | |||||||
Original whole loan amount | $28,400,000 | 53.6% | Purchase price | $51,657,287 | 97.5% | |||
Sponsor’s new cash contribution | 24,557,126 | 46.4 | Reserves | 977,573 | 1.8 | |||
Closing costs | 322,266 | 0.6 | ||||||
Total Sources | $52,957,126 | 100.0% | Total Uses | $52,957,126 | 100.0% |
Sources and Uses – FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL
Sources | Uses | |||||||
Original whole loan amount | $23,675,000 | 53.5% | Purchase price | $43,049,852 | 97.3% | |||
Sponsor’s new cash contribution | 20,560,671 | 46.5 | Reserves | 725,758 | 1.6 | |||
Closing costs | 460,061 | 1.0 | ||||||
Total Sources | $44,235,671 | 100.0% | Total Uses | $44,235,671 | 100.0% |
A-3-109 |
FEDEX – ATLANTA, GA & FEDEX – WEST PALM BEACH, FL
The following table presents certain information relating to the tenancy at the FedEx - Atlanta, GA Property and FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Property:
Major Tenants
Tenant Name | Credit Rating (Fitch/Moody’s/S&P) | Tenant NRSF | % of NRSF | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF | Annual U/W Base Rent | % of Total Annual U/W Base Rent | Lease Expiration Date |
FedEx – Atlanta, GA Major Tenant | |||||||
FedEx | NR/Baa2/BBB | 311,489 | 100.0% | $10.23 | $3,186,489 | 100.0% | 1/31/2031(1) |
Occupied Collateral Total | 311,489 | 100.0% | $10.23 | $3,186,489 | 100.0% | ||
Vacant Space | 0 | 0.0% | |||||
Total FedEx – Atlanta, GA Property | 311,489 | 100.0% | |||||
FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Major Tenant | |||||||
FedEx | NR/Baa2/BBB | 225,198 | 100.0% | $11.80 | $2,656,662 | 100.0% | 12/31/2030(1) |
Occupied Collateral Total | 225,198 | 100.0% | $11.80 | $2,656,662 | 100.0% | ||
Vacant Space | 0 | 0.0% | |||||
Total FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Property | 225,198 | 100.0% | |||||
Combined Occupied Total | 536,687 | 100.0% | $10.89 | $5,843,151 | 100.0% | ||
Combined Vacant Total | 0 | 0.0% | |||||
Combined Collateral Total | 536,687 | 100.0% | |||||
(1) | FedEx has two, five-year lease renewal options. |
A-3-110 |
FEDEX – ATLANTA, GA & FEDEX – WEST PALM BEACH, FL
The following tables present certain information relating to the lease rollover schedule at the FedEx - Atlanta, GA Property and FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Property:
Lease Expiration Schedule – FedEx – Atlanta, GA Property(1)
Year Ending December 31, | No. of Leases Expiring | Expiring NRSF | % of Total NRSF | Cumulative Expiring NRSF | Cumulative % of Total NRSF | Annual U/W Base Rent | % of Total Annual U/W Base Rent | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF |
MTM | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2015 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2016 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2017 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2018 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2019 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2020 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2021 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2022 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2023 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2024 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2025 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
Thereafter | 1 | 311,489 | 100.0% | 311,489 | 100.0% | $3,186,489 | 100.0% | $10.23 |
Vacant | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 311,489 | 100.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
Total/Weighted Average | 1 | 311,489 | 100.0% | $3,186,489 | 100.0% | $10.23 |
(1) | Information obtained from the underwritten rent roll. |
Lease Expiration Schedule – FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Property(1)
Year Ending December 31, | No. of Leases Expiring | Expiring NRSF | % of Total NRSF | Cumulative Expiring NRSF | Cumulative % of Total NRSF | Annual U/W Base Rent | % of Total Annual U/W Base Rent | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF |
MTM | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2015 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2016 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2017 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2018 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2019 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2020 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2021 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2022 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2023 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2024 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2025 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
Thereafter | 1 | 225,198 | 100.0% | 225,198 | 100.0% | $2,656,662 | 100.0% | $11.80 |
Vacant | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 225,198 | 100.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
Total/Weighted Average | 1 | 225,198 | 100.0% | $2,656,662 | 100.0% | $11.80 |
(1) | Information obtained from the underwritten rent roll. |
The following table presents historical occupancy percentages at the FedEx- Atlanta, GA and FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Properties:
Historical Occupancy(1)
12/31/2012 | 12/31/2013 | 12/31/2014 | 12/31/2015 | 8/1/2016(2) | |||||
NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | 100.0% |
(1) | Both the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Property and the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Property were constructed in 2016. |
(2) | Based on the underwritten rent roll. |
A-3-111 |
FEDEX – ATLANTA, GA & FEDEX – WEST PALM BEACH, FL
Operating History and Underwritten Net Cash Flow. The following table presents certain information relating to the underwritten net cash flow at the FedEx - Atlanta, GA Property and FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Property:
Cash Flow Analysis – FedEx – Atlanta, GA Property(1)
U/W | % of U/W Effective Gross Income | U/W $ per SF | |||||
Base Rent | $3,186,489 | 93.8% | $10.23 | ||||
Grossed Up Vacant Space | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | ||||
Total Reimbursables | 279,648 | 8.2 | 0.90 | ||||
Other Income | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | ||||
Less Vacancy &Credit Loss | (69,323)(2) | (2.0) | (0.22) | ||||
Effective Gross Income | $3,396,814 | 100% | $10.91 | ||||
Total Operating Expenses | $347,584 | 10.2% | $1.12 | ||||
Net Operating Income | $3,049,230 | 89.8% | $9.79 | ||||
TI/LC | 85,069 | 2.5 | 0.27 | ||||
Capital Expenditures | 31,149 | 0.9 | 0.10 | ||||
Net Cash Flow | $2,933,012 | 86.3% | $9.42 | ||||
NOI DSCR(3) | 2.49x | ||||||
NCF DSCR(3) | 2.40x | ||||||
NOI DY(3) | 10.7% | ||||||
NCF DY(3) | 10.3% |
(1) | The FedEx – Atlanta, GA Property was constructed in 2016; accordingly no historical operating information is available. |
(2) | The underwritten economic vacancy is 2.0%. As of August 1, 2016, the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Property was 100.0% occupied. |
(3) | The debt service coverage ratios and debt yields are based on the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Whole Loan and FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Whole Loan in the aggregate. |
Cash Flow Analysis – FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Property(1)
U/W | % of U/W Effective Gross Income | U/W $ per SF | |||||
Base Rent | $2,656,662 | 82.3% | $11.80 | ||||
Grossed Up Vacant Space | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | ||||
Total Reimbursables | 638,792 | 19.8 | 2.84 | ||||
Other Income | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | ||||
Less Vacancy &Credit Loss | (65,909)(2) | (2.0) | (0.29) | ||||
Effective Gross Income | $3,229,545 | 100% | $14.34 | ||||
Total Operating Expenses | $703,383 | 21.8% | $3.12 | ||||
Net Operating Income | $2,526,162 | 78.2% | $11.22 | ||||
TI/LC | 66,267 | 2.1 | 0.29 | ||||
Capital Expenditures | 22,520 | 0.7 | 0.10 | ||||
Net Cash Flow | $2,437,375 | 75.5% | $10.82 | ||||
NOI DSCR(3) | 2.49x | ||||||
NCF DSCR(3) | 2.40x | ||||||
NOI DY(3) | 10.7% | ||||||
NCF DY(3) | 10.3% |
(1) | The FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Property was constructed in 2016; accordingly no historical operating information is available. |
(2) | The underwritten economic vacancy is 2.0%. As of August 1, 2016, the FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Property was 100.0% occupied. |
(3) | The debt service coverage ratios and debt yields are based on the FedEx – Atlanta, GA Whole Loan and FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Whole Loan in the aggregate. |
A-3-112 |
FEDEX – ATLANTA, GA & FEDEX – WEST PALM BEACH, FL
The following table presents certain information relating to some comparable leases for the FedEx- Atlanta, GA Property and FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Property:
Comparable Leases – FedEx – Atlanta, GA Property(1)
Property Name/Location | Year Built | Tenant | Total SF | Occupancy | Clear Height (Ft.) | Lease Date | Lease Term | Rent PSF | Lease Type |
FedEx Ground Louisville, KY | 2015 | FedEx Ground | 303,369 | 100% | 32 | Oct. 2015 | 15 yrs | $8.60 | Triple Net |
FedEx Ground Mesquite Mesquite, TX | 2017 | FedEx Ground | 343,447 | 100% | 30 | Mar. 2017 | 15 yrs | $9.12 | Triple Net |
FedEx Twinsburg Twinsburg, OH | 2015 | FedEx Ground | 312,146 | 100% | 32 | Dec. 2015 | 15 yrs | $10.70 | Absolute Net |
FedEx Ground – Niles, IL Niles, IL | 2015 | FedEx Ground | 314,028 | 100% | 38 | Jun. 2015 | 15 yrs | $13.27 | Absolute Net |
FedEx Ground Davenport, FL | 2016 | FedEx Ground | 311,684 | 100% | 31 | May 2016 | 15 yrs | $8.18 | Triple Net |
(1) | Information obtained from the appraisal. |
Comparable Leases – FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Property(1)
Property Name/Location | Year Built | Tenant | Total SF | Occupancy | Clear Height (Ft.) | Lease Date | Lease Term | Rent PSF | Lease Type |
DHL - Warehouse / Distribution Center Boston, MA | 1983 | Various | 90,234 | 100% | 21 | Various | Various | $15.00 | Triple Net |
FedEx Ground Blauvelt, NY | 2012 | FedEx Ground | 142,139 | 100% | 29 | NAV | 15 yrs | $24.55 | Triple Net |
FedEx Ground Redmond, WA | 2013 | FedEx Ground | 210,320 | 100% | 24 | Jul. 2013 | 15 yrs | $17.60 | Triple Net |
FedEx Ground Saint Petersburg, FL | 2017 | FedEx Ground | 236,976 | 100% | 31 | Feb. 2017 | 15 yrs | $21.16 | Triple Net |
FedEx Ground - BTS West Palm Beach, FL | 2007 | FedEx Ground | 119,165 | 100% | 24 | NAV | 10 yrs | $12.32 | Triple Net |
Medley BTS LLC - Miami FedEx Distribution Center Medley, FL | 2009 | FedEx Ground | 306,803 | 100% | 31 | NAV | 15 yrs | $20.03 | Triple Net |
(1) | Information obtained from the appraisal. |
A-3-113 |
No. 15 – FedEx – Fife, WA | ||||||
Loan Information | Property Information | |||||
Mortgage Loan Seller: | Bank of America, National Association | Single Asset/Portfolio: | Single Asset | |||
Property Type: | Industrial | |||||
Original Principal Balance(1): | $20,125,000 | Specific Property Type: | Warehouse Distribution | |||
Cut-off Date Balance(1): | $20,125,000 | Location: | Fife, WA | |||
% of Initial Pool Balance: | 2.3% | Size: | 312,928 SF | |||
Loan Purpose: | Acquisition | Cut-off Date Balance Per SF(1): | $128.62 | |||
Borrower Names: | PA-SC Fife Project LLC | Year Built/Renovated: | 2015/NAP | |||
Sponsor: | MRP Group | Title Vesting: | Fee | |||
Mortgage Rate: | 4.236% | Property Manager: | Self-managed | |||
Note Date: | May 4, 2016 | 4th Most Recent Occupancy(6): | NAV | |||
Anticipated Repayment Date: | NAP | 3rd Most Recent Occupancy(6): | NAV | |||
Maturity Date: | June 1, 2026 | 2nd Most Recent Occupancy(6): | NAV | |||
IO Period: | 120 months | Most Recent Occupancy(6): | NAV | |||
Loan Term (Original): | 120 months | Current Occupancy (As of): | 100.0% (8/1/2016) | |||
Seasoning: | 2 months | |||||
Amortization Term (Original): | NAP | Underwriting and Financial Information: | ||||
Loan Amortization Type: | Interest-only, Balloon | |||||
Interest Accrual Method: | Actual/360 | 4th Most Recent NOI(7): | NAV | |||
Call Protection: | L(26),D(90),O(4) | 3rd Most Recent NOI(7): | NAV | |||
Lockbox Type: | Hard/Springing Cash Management | 2nd Most Recent NOI(7): | NAV | |||
Additional Debt(1): | Yes | Most Recent NOI(7): | NAV | |||
Additional Debt Type(1): | Pari Passu | |||||
U/W Revenues: | $4,945,466 | |||||
U/W Expenses: | $607,463 | |||||
U/W NOI: | $4,338,003 | |||||
U/W NCF: | $4,203,204 | |||||
Escrows and Reserves: | U/W NOI DSCR(1): | 2.51x | ||||
U/W NCF DSCR(1): | 2.43x | |||||
Type: | Initial | Monthly | Cap (If Any) | U/W NOI Debt Yield(1): | 10.8% | |
Taxes | $22,237 | $43,006 | NAP | U/W NCF Debt Yield(1): | 10.4% | |
Insurance(2) | $0 | Springing | NAP | As-Is Appraised Value: | $74,000,000 | |
Environmental Reserve(3) | $50,010 | $0 | NAP | As-Is Appraisal Valuation Date: | November 20, 2015 | |
Change Order Reserve(4) | $450,094 | $0 | NAP | Cut-off Date LTV Ratio(1): | 54.4% | |
Fence Completion Reserve(5) | $20,004 | $0 | NAP | LTV Ratio at Maturity or ARD(1): | 54.4% | |
(1) | The FedEx – Fife, WA Whole Loan (as defined below), which had an original principal balance of $40,250,000, is comprised of two pari passu notes (Notes A-1 and A-2). The controlling Note A-1 had an original principal balance of $20,125,000, has an outstanding principal balance of $20,125,000 as of the Cut-off Date and will be contributed to the WFCM 2016-BNK1 Trust. The non-controlling Note A-2 had an original principal balance of $20,125,000 and was contributed to the CGCMT 2016-P4 Trust. All statistical financial information related to balances per square foot, loan-to-value ratios, debt service ratios and debt yields are based on the FedEx – Fife, WA Whole Loan. |
(2) | Ongoing reserves for insurance are not required as long as (i) no event of default has occurred and is continuing; (ii) none of the following events has occurred or is continuing: FedEx (defined below) (a) fails to occupy the space 12 months from the origination date of the loan, (b) goes dark, vacates or gives notice of intent to do so, (c) terminates or gives notice of its intention to terminate the lease, (d) fails to renew its lease for a period of at least five years, (e) fails to pay rent or any expenses due, or (f) files for bankruptcy or similar insolvency proceedings; and (iii) FedEx is directly paying the cost of insurance premiums which borrower is required to make. |
(3) | Subsurface investigations conducted between 2006 and 2014 identified soil and groundwater with concentrations of one or more contaminants of concern in excess of their respective Model Toxics Control Act Method A Cleanup Level. Groundwater sampling conducted in August 2015 did not identify any petroleum compounds, solvents or metals at concentrations exceeding laboratory reporting limits or applicable Model Toxics Control Act Method A Cleanup Levels. The borrower has undertaken to complete the ongoing monitoring and obtain regulatory closure at an estimated cost of $30,000-$40,000, 125% of which higher amount has been escrowed. |
(4) | FedEx was provided a change order allowance in the amount of $450,094 for requested work at the FedEx – Fife, WA Property that is currently outstanding. According to the lease, the funds will be disbursed for work requested by FedEx or refunded to FedEx if not used. The entire $450,094 of allowance was still outstanding at loan origination and was escrowed upfront. |
(5) | At loan origination, the sponsor was still responsible for completing a fence on the perimeter of the property totaling $20,004 which was escrowed upfront. |
(6) | See “Historical Occupancy” section. |
(7) | See “Cash Flow Analysis” section. |
The FedEx – Fife, WA mortgage loan is part of a whole loan (the “FedEx – Fife, WA Whole Loan”) that is evidenced by two pari passu notes (Notes A-1 and A-2) secured by a first mortgage encumbering a 312,928 square foot industrial warehouse distribution center located in Fife, Washington (the “FedEx – Fife, WA Property”). The FedEx – Fife, WA Whole Loan was co-originated on May 4, 2016 by Bank of America, National Association and Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp. The FedEx – Fife, WA Property was built in October 2015 as a build-to-suit for the sole tenant, FedEx Ground Package System, Inc. (“FedEx”). FedEx has a 15-year triple-net lease expiring October 2030 with two five-year lease renewal options. With over 288,500 square feet of warehouse space and approximately 12,905 square feet of office space, the FedEx – Fife, WA Property features a clear height of 30-feet throughout the
A-3-114 |
FEDEX – FIFE, WA |
facility, 66 dock-high doors and 8 grade level doors. The FedEx – Fife, WA Property is situated on a 40.0-acre site with 400 surface parking spaces resulting in a parking ratio of 1.3 spaces per 1,000 square feet of net rentable area.
The FedEx – Fife, WA Property is located seven miles east of downtown Tacoma in Pierce County. Primary access to the FedEx – Fife, WA Property is provided by Interstate 5 and Highway 167. According to a third-party market research report, the FedEx – Fife, WA Property is located within the Puyallup/South Hill submarket of the Seattle light industrial market. As of the first quarter of 2016, the submarket reported an inventory of 291 buildings totaling approximately 4.9 million square feet with a 1.3% vacancy rate. The appraiser concluded to a market rent for the FedEx – Fife, WA Property of $14.50 per square foot, triple net.
Sources and Uses
Sources | Uses | |||||||
Original whole loan amount | $40,250,000 | 54.4% | Purchase price | $73,199,778 | 99.0% | |||
Sponsor’s new cash contribution | 33,707,713 | 45.6 | Reserves | 542,346 | 0.7 | |||
Closing costs | 215,589 | 0.3 | ||||||
Total Sources | $73,957,713 | 100.0% | Total Uses | $73,957,713 | 100.0% |
The following table presents certain information relating to the tenant at the FedEx – Fife, WA Property:
Major Tenants
Tenant Name | Credit Rating (Fitch/ Moody’s/ S&P) | Tenant NRSF | % of NRSF | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF | Annual U/W Base Rent | % of Total Annual U/W Base Rent | Lease Expiration Date |
Major Tenant | |||||||
FedEx | NR/Baa2/BBB | 312,926 | 100.0% | $14.50 | $4,537,840 | 100.0% | 10/31/2030(1) |
Occupied Collateral Total | 312,926 | 100.0% | $14.50 | $4,537,840 | 100.0% | ||
Vacant Space | 0 | 0.0% | |||||
Collateral Total | 312,926 | 100.0% | |||||
(1) | FedEx has two, five-year lease renewal options. |
The following table presents certain information relating to the lease rollover schedule at the FedEx – Fife, WA Property:
Lease Expiration Schedule(1)
Year Ending December 31, | No. of Leases Expiring | Expiring NRSF | % of Total NRSF | Cumulative Expiring NRSF | Cumulative % of Total NRSF | Annual U/W Base Rent | % of Total Annual U/W Base Rent | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF |
MTM | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2016 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2017 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2018 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2019 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2020 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2021 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2022 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2023 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2024 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2025 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2026 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
Thereafter | 1 | 312,926 | 100.0% | 312,926 | 100.0% | $4,537,840 | 100.0% | $14.50 |
Vacant | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 312,926 | 100.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
Total/Weighted Average | 1 | 312,926 | 100.0% | $4,537,840 | 100.0% | $14.50 |
(1) | Information obtained from the underwritten rent roll. |
A-3-115 |
FEDEX – FIFE, WA |
The following table presents historical occupancy percentages at the FedEx – Fife, WA Property:
Historical Occupancy
12/31/2012(1) | 12/31/2013(1) | 12/31/2014(1) | 12/31/2015(1) | 8/1/2016(2) | ||||
NAV | NAV | NAV | NAV | 100.0% |
(1) | The FedEx – Fife, WA Property was constructed in 2015. |
(2) | Based on the underwritten rent roll. |
Operating History and Underwritten Net Cash Flow. The following table presents certain information relating to the underwritten net cash flow at the FedEx – Fife, WA Property:
Cash Flow Analysis(1)
U/W | % of U/W Effective Gross Income | U/W $ per SF | ||||
Base Rent | $4,537,840 | 91.8% | $14.50 | |||
Grossed Up Vacant Space | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | |||
Total Reimbursables | 508,554 | 10.3 | 1.63 | |||
Other Income | 0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | |||
Less Vacancy & Credit Loss | (100,928)(2) | (2.0) | (0.32) | |||
Effective Gross Income | $4,945,466 | 100.0% | $15.80 | |||
Total Operating Expenses | $607,463 | 12.3% | $1.94 | |||
Net Operating Income | $4,338,003 | 87.7% | $13.86 | |||
TI/LC | 103,506 | 2.1 | 0.33 | |||
Capital Expenditures | 31,293 | 0.6 | 0.10 | |||
Net Cash Flow | $4,203,204 | 85.0% | $13.43 | |||
NOI DSCR(3) | 2.51x | |||||
NCF DSCR(3) | 2.43x | |||||
NOI DY(3) | 10.8% | |||||
NCF DY(3) | 10.4% |
(1) | The FedEx – Fife, WA Property was constructed in 2015; accordingly no historical operating information is available. |
(2) | The underwritten economic vacancy is 2.0%. As of August 1, 2016, the FedEx – Fife, WA Property was 100.0% occupied. |
(3) | The debt service coverage ratios and debt yields are based on the FedEx – Fife, WA Whole Loan. |
The following table presents certain information relating to some comparable leases for the FedEx – Fife, WA Property:
Comparable Leases(1)
Property Name/Location | Year Built | Tenant | Total SF | Occupancy | Distance to Subject | Lease Date | Lease Term | Rent PSF | Lease Type |
FedEx Ground Eugene, OR | 2000 | FedEx | 54,118 | 100% | 222 miles | 1/1/2010 | 10 yrs | $13.30 | Triple Net |
FedEx Express Springfield, OR | 1999 | FedEx | 154,000 | 100% | 220 miles | 12/1/2007 | 10 yrs | $7.42 | Triple Net |
FedEx Ground Redmond, WA | 2013 | FedEx Ground | 210,320 | 100% | 32 miles | 10/1/2013 | 15 yrs | $17.62 | Triple Net |
FedEx Ground South San Francisco, CA | 2013 | FedEx Ground | 453,076 | 100% | 663 miles | 10/1/2013 | 20 yrs | $13.71 | Triple Net |
(1) | Information obtained from the appraisal. |
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A-3-117 |
No. 16 – 420 East Third Street | ||||||
Loan Information | Property Information | |||||
Mortgage Loan Seller: | Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC | Single Asset/Portfolio: | Single Asset | |||
Property Type: | Mixed Use | |||||
Original Principal Balance: | $19,000,000 | Specific Property Type: | Office/Retail | |||
Cut-off Date Balance: | $19,000,000 | Location: | Los Angeles, CA | |||
% of Initial Pool Balance: | 2.2% | Size: | 116,152 SF | |||
Loan Purpose: | Refinance | Cut-off Date Balance Per SF: | $163.58 | |||
Borrower Name: | Little Tokyo Associates, LLC | Year Built/Renovated: | 1989/2016 | |||
Sponsors: | Naomi Nakagama Kurata; Fred Kurata | Title Vesting: | Fee | |||
Mortgage Rate: | 4.110% | Property Manager: | Self-managed | |||
Note Date: | July 8, 2016 | 4th Most Recent Occupancy: | NAV | |||
Anticipated Repayment Date: | NAP | 3rd Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 64.6% (12/31/2013) | |||
Maturity Date: | August 1, 2026 | 2nd Most Recent Occupancy (As of): | 73.7% (12/31/2014) | |||
IO Period: | None | Most Recent Occupancy (As of)(4): | 70.5% (12/31/2015) | |||
Loan Term (Original): | 120 months | Current Occupancy (As of)(4): | 79.5% (6/1/2016) | |||
Seasoning: | 0 months | |||||
Amortization Term (Original): | 360 months | Underwriting and Financial Information: | ||||
Loan Amortization Type: | Amortizing Balloon | |||||
Interest Accrual Method: | Actual/360 | 4th Most Recent NOI (As of): | $1,488,892 (12/31/2013) | |||
Call Protection: | L(24),D(89),O(7) | 3rd Most Recent NOI (As of): | $1,507,568 (12/31/2014) | |||
Lockbox Type: | Springing | 2nd Most Recent NOI (As of): | $1,788,775 (12/31/2015) | |||
Additional Debt: | None | Most Recent NOI (As of)(5): | $1,767,420 (TTM 4/30/2016) | |||
Additional Debt Type: | NAP | |||||
U/W Revenues: | $3,878,665 | |||||
U/W Expenses: | $1,597,799 | |||||
U/W NOI(5): | $2,280,865 | |||||
Escrows and Reserves: | U/W NCF(5): | $2,160,065 | ||||
U/W NOI DSCR: | 2.07x | |||||
Type: | Initial | Monthly | Cap (If Any) | U/W NCF DSCR: | 1.96x | |
Taxes | $121,085 | $24,217 | NAP | U/W NOI Debt Yield: | 12.0% | |
Insurance | $7,812 | $3,906 | NAP | U/W NCF Debt Yield: | 11.4% | |
Replacement Reserves | $0 | $1,950 | NAP | As-Is Appraised Value: | $35,000,000 | |
TI/LC Reserve(1) | $1,500,000 | Springing | $750,000 | As-Is Appraisal Valuation Date: | May 25, 2016 | |
Rent Reserve Escrow(2) | $69,875 | $0 | NAP | Cut-off Date LTV Ratio: | 54.3% | |
Outstanding TI/LC Reserve(3) | $721,830 | $0 | NAP | LTV Ratio at Maturity or ARD: | 43.3% | |
(1) | Ongoing monthly TI/LC reserves of $16,455 will be required if the balance on deposit in the TI/LC Reserve falls below the cap of $750,000 and will continue until the balance on deposit is at least $750,000. |
(2) | The initial Rent Reserve Escrow represents approximately four months of free rent for Pfaffinger Foundation ($39,913) and approximately three months of free rent for Dr. Tod Wakamatsu ($29,962). |
(3) | The Outstanding TI/LC Reserve represents existing TI/LC obligations for US Renal ($422,290), Takeshi Matsumoto / Urban Greens ($157,720), Pfaffinger Foundation ($116,820) and Common Grounds ($25,000) and does not count toward the $750,000 TI/LC reserve cap. |
(4) | See “Historical Occupancy” section. |
(5) | See “Cash Flow Analysis” section. |
The 420 East Third Street mortgage loan is evidenced by a single promissory note that is secured by a first mortgage encumbering a mixed use office and retail property comprising 116,152 square feet located in Los Angeles, California (the “420 East Third Street Property”), in the Little Tokyo neighborhood of downtown Los Angeles. Built in 1989, the 420 East Third Street Property is a ten-story office and retail building that is occupied by a diverse rent roll of office, medical office and retail tenants. The 420 East Third Street Property features large outdoor balconies with unobstructed views of the downtown Los Angeles skyline, and includes a four-story above-grade parking structure with 374 parking spaces located on floors 2-5, resulting in a parking ratio of 3.2 per 1,000 square feet of rentable area. The 420 East Third Street Property is located 1.4 miles southeast of the intersection of U.S. Highway 101 and State Route 110, and is served by the Metro Gold Line at the Little Tokyo/Arts District Station and the Metro Red Line and Metro Purple Line via either Civic Center Station or Union Station.
According to the appraisal, the 420 East Third Street Property is located within the Downtown Los Angeles submarket. As of the first quarter 2016, the submarket had a reported inventory of 62 office properties totaling approximately 31.8 million square feet with a 16.9% vacancy. The appraisal concluded to a market rent for the 420 East Third Street Property of $32.00 per square foot, full service gross, for general office space, $33.00 per square foot, full service gross, for medical office space, and $33.00 per square foot, triple net, for retail space. As of June 1, 2016, the 420 East Third Street Property was 79.5% occupied by 31 tenants.
A-3-118 |
420 EAST THIRD STREET |
Sources and Uses
Sources | Uses | |||||||
Original loan amount | $19,000,000 | 99.5% | Loan payoff(1) | $16,546,263 | 86.6% | |||
Sponsor’s new cash contribution | 101,800 | 0.5 | Reserves | 2,420,602 | 12.7 | |||
Closing costs | 134,936 | 0.7 | ||||||
Total Sources | $19,101,800 | 100.0% | Total Uses | $19,101,800 | 100.0% |
(1) | The 420 East Third Street Property was previously securitized in the PFP 2014-1 transaction. |
The following table presents certain information relating to the tenants at the 420 East Third Street Property:
Major Tenants
Tenant Name | Credit Rating (Fitch/Moody’s/S&P) | Tenant NRSF | % of NRSF | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF(1) | Annual U/W Base Rent(1) | % of Total Annual U/W Base Rent | Lease Expiration Date |
Major Tenants | |||||||
Pacific Commerce Bank | NR/NR/NR | 7,948 | 6.8% | $41.26 | $327,972 | 10.7% | 8/31/2017 |
Third Street Surgery Center LP(3) | NR/NR/NR | 7,996 | 6.9% | $35.53 | $284,099 | 9.3% | 12/31/2028 |
Board of Supervisors/County of Los Angeles | NR/NR/NR | 8,526 | 7.3% | $31.57 | $269,186 | 8.8% | 5/31/2022(2) |
US Renal | NR/NR/NR | 7,678 | 6.6% | $34.57 | $265,421 | 8.7% | 1/5/2026 |
Premiere Practice Management, Inc. (3) | NR/NR/NR | 7,749 | 6.7% | $32.00 | $247,968 | 8.1% | 12/31/2028 |
Total Major Tenants | 39,897 | 34.3% | $34.96 | $1,394,646 | 45.6% | ||
Non-Major Tenants | 52,496 | 45.2% | $31.65 | $1,661,387 | 54.4% | ||
Occupied Collateral Total | 92,393 | 79.5% | $33.08 | $3,056,033 | 100.0% | ||
Vacant Space | 23,759 | 20.5% | |||||
Collateral Total | 116,152 | 100.0% | |||||
(1) | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF and Annual U/W Base Rent include contractual rent steps through June 1, 2017 totaling $91,664. |
(2) | Board of Supervisors/County of Los Angeles has a termination option beginning June 1, 2019 with a minimum of 270 days prior written notice. |
(3) | Third Street Surgery Center LP and Premiere Practice Management, Inc., along with the sixth largest tenant, East - West Eye Institute, which collectively represent approximately 19.7% of net rentable area and approximately 24.8% of Annual U/W Base Rent, are affiliates of the borrower. |
A-3-119 |
420 EAST THIRD STREET |
The following table presents certain information relating to the lease rollover schedule at the 420 East Third Street Property:
Lease Expiration Schedule(1)(2)
Year Ending December 31, | No. of Leases Expiring | Expiring NRSF | % of Total NRSF | Cumulative Expiring NRSF | Cumulative % of Total NRSF | Annual U/W Base Rent | % of Total Annual U/W Base Rent | Annual U/W Base Rent PSF(3) |
MTM | 3 | 3,357 | 2.9% | 3,357 | 2.9% | $110,180 | 3.6% | $32.82 |
2016 | 2 | 3,980 | 3.4% | 7,337 | 6.3% | $130,189 | 4.3% | $32.71 |
2017 | 5 | 15,830 | 13.6% | 23,167 | 19.9% | $557,787 | 18.3% | $35.24 |
2018 | 1 | 884 | 0.8% | 24,051 | 20.7% | $29,252 | 1.0% | $33.09 |
2019 | 3 | 6,758 | 5.8% | 30,809 | 26.5% | $205,997 | 6.7% | $30.48 |
2020 | 2 | 1,217 | 1.0% | 32,026 | 27.6% | $39,814 | 1.3% | $32.71 |
2021 | 6 | 11,580 | 10.0% | 43,606 | 37.5% | $382,300 | 12.5% | $33.01 |
2022 | 2 | 10,338 | 8.9% | 53,944 | 46.4% | $334,653 | 11.0% | $32.37 |
2023 | 1 | 3,894 | 3.4% | 57,838 | 49.8% | $114,484 | 3.7% | $29.40 |
2024 | 1 | 1,270 | 1.1% | 59,108 | 50.9% | $36,378 | 1.2% | $28.64 |
2025 | 0 | 0 | 0.0% | 59,108 | 50.9% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
2026 | 2 | 10,356 | 8.9% | 69,464 | 59.8% | $357,067 | 11.7% | $34.48 |
Thereafter | 3 | 22,929 | 19.7% | 92,393 | 79.5% | $757,932 | 24.8% | $33.06 |
Vacant | 0 | 23,759 | 20.5% | 116,152 | 100.0% | $0 | 0.0% | $0.00 |
Total/Weighted Average | 31 | 116,152 | 100.0% | $3,056,033 | 100.0% | $33.08 |
(1) | Information obtained from the underwritten rent roll. |
(2) | Certain tenants may have lease termination options that are exercisable prior to the originally stated expiration date of the subject lease and that are not considered in the lease rollover schedule. |
(3) | Weighted Average Annual U/W Base Rent PSF excludes vacant space. |
The following table presents historical occupancy percentages at the 420 East Third Street Property:
Historical Occupancy
12/31/2012(1) | 12/31/2013(1) | 12/31/2014(1) | 12/31/2015(1)(2) | 6/1/2016(2)(3) | ||||
NAV | 64.6% | 73.7% | 70.5% | 79.5% |
(1) | Information obtained from the borrower. |
(2) | The increase in current occupancy over year end 2015 occupancy is due to recent leasing, including US Renal (7,678 square feet), which took occupancy in January 2016, Pfaffinger Foundation (3,894 square feet), which is expected to take occupancy in August 2016, and Takeshi Matsumoto / Urban Greens (3,246 square feet), which is expected to take occupancy in August 2016. |
(3) | Information obtained from the underwritten rent roll. |
Operating History and Underwritten Net Cash Flow. The following table presents certain information relating to the historical operating performance and the underwritten net cash flow at the 420 East Third Street Property:
Cash Flow Analysis
2013 | 2014 | 2015 | TTM 4/30/2016 | U/W | % of U/W Effective Gross Income | U/W $ per SF | ||||||||||||||||
Base Rent | $2,350,360 | $2,471,814 | $2,717,785 | $2,797,335 | $3,056,033 | (1) | 78.8 | % | $26.31 | |||||||||||||
Grossed Up Vacant Space | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 769,371 | 19.8 | 6.62 | |||||||||||||||
Total Reimbursables | 44,474 | 37,040 | 32,080 | 21,711 | 36,877 | 1.0 | 0.32 | |||||||||||||||
Other Income | 348,744 | 462,261 | 590,993 | 591,468 | 785,755 | (2) | 20.3 | 6.76 | ||||||||||||||
Less Vacancy & Credit Loss | 0 | (17,833) | 0 | 0 | (769,371) | (3) | (19.8) | (6.62 | ) | |||||||||||||
Effective Gross Income | $2,743,579 | $2,953,281 | $3,340,858 | $3,410,514 | $3,878,665 | 100.0 | % | $33.39 | ||||||||||||||
Total Operating Expenses | $1,254,687 | $1,445,713 | $1,552,082 | $1,643,094 | $1,597,799 | 41.2 | % | $13.76 | ||||||||||||||
Net Operating Income | $1,488,892 | $1,507,568 | $1,788,775 | $1,767,420 | $2,280,865 | 58.8 | % | $19.64 | ||||||||||||||
TI/LC | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 97,404 | 2.5 | 0.84 | |||||||||||||||
Capital Expenditures | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23,396 | 0.6 | 0.20 | |||||||||||||||
Net Cash Flow | $1,488,892 | $1,507,568 | $1,788,775 | $1,767,420 | $2,160,065 | 55.7 | % | $18.60 | ||||||||||||||
NOI DSCR | 1.35x | 1.37x | 1.62x | 1.60x | 2.07x | |||||||||||||||||
NCF DSCR | 1.35x | 1.37x | 1.62x | 1.60x | 1.96x | |||||||||||||||||
NOI DY | 7.8% | 7.9% | 9.4% | 9.3% | 12.0% | |||||||||||||||||
NCF DY | 7.8% | 7.9% | 9.4% | 9.3% | 11.4% |
(1) | The increase in U/W Base Rent over TTM 4/30/2016 is primarily due to recent leasing, including US Renal ($265,421 of Annual U/W Base Rent), Pfaffinger Foundation ($114,484 of Annual U/W Base Rent) and Takeshi Matsumoto / Urban Greens ($125,994 of Annual U/W Base Rent), as well as $91,664 of underwritten rent steps through June 1, 2017. |
(2) | Other Income includes $571,449 of parking income at the Mortgaged Property, of which approximately 70% of the parking income is from monthly parking for tenants at the property/nearby properties, approximately 20% of parking income is from transient parking demand and approximately 10% of parking income is from parking coupons. |
(3) | The underwritten economic vacancy is 20.1%. The 420 East Third Street Property was 79.5% physically occupied as of June 1, 2016. |
A-3-120 |
420 EAST THIRD STREET |
The following table presents certain information relating to comparable office leases for the 420 East Third Street Property:
Comparable Office Leases(1)
Property Name/Location | Year Built | Total SF | Occupancy | Tenant Name | Lease SF | Lease Date | Lease Term | Rent PSF | Lease Type |
Creative Office 400-420 Boyd Street Los Angeles, CA | 1922 | 55,550 | 89% | Huff | 18,000 | Sept. 2015 | 5.0 Yrs | $25.00 | Modified Gross |
Little Tokyo Plaza 330-340 East 2nd Street | 1984 | 44,351 | 98% | Quoted | NAV | NAV | NAV | $27.00 | Full Service Gross |
312 East 1st Street 312 East 1st Street Los Angeles, CA | 1992 | 34,320 | 74% | Undisclosed | 2,166 | Jan. 2015 | 3.0 Yrs | $25.20 | Modified Gross |
Kajima Building 250 East 1st Street Los Angeles, CA | 1967 | 99,171 | 91% | Law Firm | 3,120 | Mar. 2015 | 5.0 Yrs | $27.60 | Full Service Gross |
Office Property 321 West 2nd Street Los Angeles, CA | 1963 | 54,827 | 100% | Federal Public Defenders | 54,827 | Jan. 2017 | 10.0 Yrs | $30.60 | Full Service Gross |
Broadway Media Center 205-207 S. Broadway Los Angeles, CA | 1926 | 212,283 | 80% | New Tenant | 2,400 | Jan. 2016 | 5.0 Yrs | $30.60 | Modified Gross |
801 Grand Tower 801 S. Grand Avenue Los Angeles, CA | 1985 | 202,245 | 91% | CSULA | 21,081 | Jan. 2016 | 10.0 Yrs | $33.50 | Full Service Gross |
(1) | Information obtained from the appraisal. |
A-3-121 |
(THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK)
ANNEX B
FORM OF DISTRIBUTION DATE STATEMENT
B-1
(THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK)
![]() | Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1 Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates Series 2016-BNK1 | For Additional Information please contact | |
CTSLink Customer Service | |||
1-866-846-4526 | |||
Reports Available www.ctslink.com | |||
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. | |||
Corporate Trust Services | Payment Date: | 9/16/16 | |
8480 Stagecoach Circle | Record Date: | 8/31/16 | |
Frederick, MD 21701-4747 | Determination Date: | 9/12/16 |
DISTRIBUTION DATE STATEMENT | ||||||||
Table of Contents | ||||||||
STATEMENT SECTIONS | PAGE(s) | |||||||
Certificate Distribution Detail | 2 | |||||||
Certificate Factor Detail | 3 | |||||||
Reconciliation Detail | 4 | |||||||
Other Required Information | 5 | |||||||
Cash Reconciliation Detail | 6 | |||||||
Current Mortgage Loan and Property Stratification Tables | 7-9 | |||||||
Mortgage Loan Detail | 10 | |||||||
NOI Detail | 11 | |||||||
Principal Prepayment Detail | 12 | |||||||
Historical Detail | 13 | |||||||
Delinquency Loan Detail | 14 | |||||||
Specially Serviced Loan Detail | 15-16 | |||||||
Advance Summary | 17 | |||||||
Modified Loan Detail | 18 | |||||||
Historical Liquidated Loan Detail | 19 | |||||||
Historical Bond / Collateral Loss Reconciliation Detail | 20 | |||||||
Interest Shortfall Reconciliation Detail | 21-22 | |||||||
Defeased Loan Detail | 23 | |||||||
Supplemental Reporting | 24 | |||||||
Operating Advisor/ | ||||||||||||||||||
Depositor | Master Servicer | Special Servicer | Asset Representations Reviewer | |||||||||||||||
Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Securities, Inc. 375 Park Avenue 2nd Floor, J0127-23 New York, NY 10152 Contact: Anthony.Sfarra@wellsfargo.com Phone Number: (212) 214-5613 | Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. 1901 Harrison Street Oakland, CA 94612 Contact: REAM_InvestorRelations@WellsFargo.com | Rialto Capital Advisors, LLC | Park Bridge Lender Services LLC 600 Third Avenue 40th Floor New York, NY 10016 Contact: David Rodgers Phone Number: (212) 230-9025 | |||||||||||||||
This report is compiled by Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. from information provided by third parties. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. has not independently confirmed the accuracy of the information.
Please visit www.ctslink.com for additional information and special notices. In addition, certificateholders may register online for email notification when special notices are posted. For information or assistance please call 866-846-4526. | ||||||||||||||||||
Page 1 of 24 |
![]() | Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1 Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates Series 2016-BNK1 | For Additional Information please contact | |
CTSLink Customer Service | |||
1-866-846-4526 | |||
Reports Available www.ctslink.com | |||
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. | |||
Corporate Trust Services | Payment Date: | 9/16/16 | |
8480 Stagecoach Circle | Record Date: | 8/31/16 | |
Frederick, MD 21701-4747 | Determination Date: | 9/12/16 |
Certificate Distribution Detail | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class (2) | CUSIP | Pass-Through Rate | Original Balance | Beginning Balance | Principal Distribution | Interest Distribution | Prepayment Premium | Realized Loss/ Additional Trust Fund Expenses | Total Distribution | Ending Balance | Current Subordination Level (1) | |||||||||||||||
A-1 | 0.000000% | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||||||||||
A-2 | 0.000000% | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||||||||||
A-3 | 0.000000% | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||||||||||
A-SB | 0.000000% | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||||||||||
A-S | 0.000000% | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||||||||||
B | 0.000000% | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||||||||||
C | 0.000000% | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||||||||||
D | 0.000000% | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||||||||||
E | 0.000000% | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||||||||||
F | 0.000000% | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||||||||||
G | 0.000000% | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||||||||||
RRI | 0.000000% | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||||||||||
V | 0.000000% | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||||||||||
R | 0.000000% | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||||||||||
Totals | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||||||||||||||||
Class | CUSIP | Pass-Through Rate | Original Notional Amount | Beginning Notional Amount | Interest Distribution | Prepayment Premium | Total Distribution | Ending Notional Amount | ||||||||||||||||||
X-A | 0.000000% | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||||||||||||||||||
X-B | 0.000000% | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||||||||||||||||||
X-D | 0.000000% | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||||||||||||||||||
X-E | 0.000000% | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||||||||||||||||||
X-F | 0.000000% | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||||||||||||||||||
X-G | 0.000000% | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||||||||||||||||||
(1) Calculated by taking (A) the sum of the ending certificate balance of all classes less (B) the sum of (i) the ending balance of the designated class and (ii) the ending certificate balance of all classes which are not subordinate to the designated class and dividing the result by (A).
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Page 2 of 24 |
![]() | Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1 Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates Series 2016-BNK1 | For Additional Information please contact | |
CTSLink Customer Service | |||
1-866-846-4526 | |||
Reports Available www.ctslink.com | |||
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. | |||
Corporate Trust Services | Payment Date: | 9/16/16 | |
8480 Stagecoach Circle | Record Date: | 8/31/16 | |
Frederick, MD 21701-4747 | Determination Date: | 9/12/16 |
Certificate Factor Detail | |||||||||
Class | CUSIP | Beginning | Principal | Interest | Prepayment | Realized Loss/ | Ending | ||
A-1 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | |||
A-2 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | |||
A-3 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | |||
A-SB | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | |||
A-S | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | |||
B | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | |||
C | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | |||
D | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | |||
E | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | |||
F | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | |||
G | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | |||
RRI | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | |||
V | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | |||
R | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | |||
Class | CUSIP | Beginning Notional Amount | Interest Distribution | Prepayment Premium | Ending Notional Amount | ||||
X-A | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | |||||
X-B | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | |||||
X-D | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | |||||
X-E | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | |||||
X-F | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | |||||
X-G | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | 0.00000000 | |||||
Page 3 of 24 |
![]() | Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1 Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates Series 2016-BNK1 | For Additional Information please contact | |
CTSLink Customer Service | |||
1-866-846-4526 | |||
Reports Available www.ctslink.com | |||
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. | |||
Corporate Trust Services | Payment Date: | 9/16/16 | |
8480 Stagecoach Circle | Record Date: | 8/31/16 | |
Frederick, MD 21701-4747 | Determination Date: | 9/12/16 |
Reconciliation Detail | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Principal Reconciliation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Stated Beginning Principal Balance | Unpaid Beginning Principal Balance | Scheduled Principal | Unscheduled Principal | Principal Adjustments | Realized Loss | Stated Ending Principal Balance | Unpaid Ending Principal Balance | Current Principal Distribution Amount | ||||||||||||||
Total | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Certificate Interest Reconciliation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class | Accrual Dates | Accrual Days | Accrued Certificate Interest | Net Aggregate Prepayment Interest Shortfall | Distributable Certificate Interest | Distributable Certificate Interest Adjustment | WAC CAP Shortfall | Additional Trust Fund Expenses | Interest Distribution | Remaining Unpaid Distributable Certificate Interest | |||||||||||||||
A-1 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||||||||||||||
A-2 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||||||||||||||
A-3 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||||||||||||||
A-SB | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||||||||||||||
X-A | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||||||||||||||
X-B | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||||||||||||||
X-D | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||||||||||||||
X-E | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||||||||||||||
X-F | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||||||||||||||
X-G | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||||||||||||||
A-S | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||||||||||||||
B | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||||||||||||||
C | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||||||||||||||
D | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||||||||||||||
E | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||||||||||||||
F | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||||||||||||||
G | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||||||||||||||
RRI | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||||||||||||||
Totals | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||||||||||
Page 4 of 24 |
![]() | Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1 Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates Series 2016-BNK1 | For Additional Information please contact | |
CTSLink Customer Service | |||
1-866-846-4526 | |||
Reports Available www.ctslink.com | |||
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. | |||
Corporate Trust Services | Payment Date: | 9/16/16 | |
8480 Stagecoach Circle | Record Date: | 8/31/16 | |
Frederick, MD 21701-4747 | Determination Date: | 9/12/16 |
Other Required Information | |||||||||||||||||||
Available Distribution Amount (1) | 0.00 | ||||||||||||||||||
Retained Certificate Available Funds | 0.00 | ||||||||||||||||||
Appraisal Reduction Amount | |||||||||||||||||||
Controlling Class Information | |||||||||||||||||||
Loan Number | Appraisal | Cumulative | Most Recent | ||||||||||||||||
Controlling Class: | Reduction | ASER | App. Red. | ||||||||||||||||
Effective as of: mm/dd/yyyy | Effected | Amount | Date | ||||||||||||||||
Total | |||||||||||||||||||
(1) The Available Distribution Amount includes any Prepayment Premiums. | |||||||||||||||||||
Page 5 of 24 |
![]() | Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1 Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates Series 2016-BNK1 | For Additional Information please contact | |
CTSLink Customer Service | |||
1-866-846-4526 | |||
Reports Available www.ctslink.com | |||
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. | |||
Corporate Trust Services | Payment Date: | 9/16/16 | |
8480 Stagecoach Circle | Record Date: | 8/31/16 | |
Frederick, MD 21701-4747 | Determination Date: | 9/12/16 |
Cash Reconciliation Detail | ||||||||
Total Funds Collected | Total Funds Distributed | |||||||
Interest: | Fees: | |||||||
Interest paid or advanced | 0.00 | Master Servicing Fee - Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. | 0.00 | |||||
Interest reductions due to Non-Recoverability Determinations | 0.00 | Trustee Fee - Wilmington Trust. N.A. | 0.00 | |||||
Interest Adjustments | 0.00 | Certificate Administrator Fee - Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. | 0.00 | |||||
Deferred Interest | 0.00 | CREFC® Intellectual Property Royalty License Fee | 0.00 | |||||
Net Prepayment Interest Shortfall | 0.00 | Operating Advisor Fee - Park Bridge Lender Services LLC | 0.00 | |||||
Net Prepayment Interest Excess | 0.00 | Asset Representations Reviewer Fee - Park Bridge Lender Services LLC | 0.00 | |||||
Extension Interest | 0.00 | Total Fees | 0.00 | |||||
Interest Reserve Withdrawal | 0.00 | Additional Trust Fund Expenses: | ||||||
Total Interest Collected | 0.00 | Reimbursement for Interest on Advances | 0.00 | |||||
ASER Amount | 0.00 | |||||||
Principal: | Special Servicing Fee | 0.00 | ||||||
Scheduled Principal | 0.00 | Rating Agency Expenses | 0.00 | |||||
Unscheduled Principal | 0.00 | Attorney Fees & Expenses | 0.00 | |||||
Principal Prepayments | 0.00 | Bankruptcy Expense | 0.00 | |||||
Collection of Principal after Maturity Date | 0.00 | Taxes Imposed on Trust Fund | 0.00 | |||||
Recoveries from Liquidation and Insurance Proceeds | 0.00 | Non-Recoverable Advances | 0.00 | |||||
Excess of Prior Principal Amounts paid | 0.00 | Other Expenses | 0.00 | |||||
Curtailments | 0.00 | Total Additional Trust Fund Expenses | 0.00 | |||||
Negative Amortization | 0.00 | |||||||
Principal Adjustments | 0.00 | Interest Reserve Deposit | 0.00 | |||||
Total Principal Collected | 0.00 | |||||||
Payments to Certificateholders & Others: | ||||||||
Other: | Interest Distribution | 0.00 | ||||||
Prepayment Penalties/Yield Maintenance | 0.00 | Principal Distribution | 0.00 | |||||
Repayment Fees | 0.00 | Prepayment Penalties/Yield Maintenance | 0.00 | |||||
Borrower Option Extension Fees | 0.00 | Borrower Option Extension Fees | 0.00 | |||||
Equity Payments Received | 0.00 | Equity Payments Paid | 0.00 | |||||
Net Swap Counterparty Payments Received | 0.00 | Net Swap Counterparty Payments Paid | 0.00 | |||||
Total Other Collected | 0.00 | Total Payments to Certificateholders & Others | 0.00 | |||||
Total Funds Collected | 0.00 | Total Funds Distributed | 0.00 | |||||
Page 6 of 24 |
![]() | Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1 Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates Series 2016-BNK1 | For Additional Information please contact | |
CTSLink Customer Service | |||
1-866-846-4526 | |||
Reports Available www.ctslink.com | |||
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. | |||
Corporate Trust Services | Payment Date: | 9/16/16 | |
8480 Stagecoach Circle | Record Date: | 8/31/16 | |
Frederick, MD 21701-4747 | Determination Date: | 9/12/16 |
Current Mortgage Loan and Property Stratification Tables Aggregate Pool | ||||||||||||||||
Scheduled Balance | State (3) | |||||||||||||||
Scheduled Balance | # of loans | Scheduled Balance | % of Agg. Bal. | WAM (2) | WAC | Weighted Avg DSCR (1) | State | # of Props. | Scheduled Balance | % of Agg. Bal. | WAM (2) | WAC | Weighted Avg DSCR (1) | |||
Totals | Totals | |||||||||||||||
See footnotes on last page of this section. | ||||||||||||||||
Page 7 of 24 |
![]() | Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1 Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates Series 2016-BNK1 | For Additional Information please contact | |
CTSLink Customer Service | |||
1-866-846-4526 | |||
Reports Available www.ctslink.com | |||
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. | |||
Corporate Trust Services | Payment Date: | 9/16/16 | |
8480 Stagecoach Circle | Record Date: | 8/31/16 | |
Frederick, MD 21701-4747 | Determination Date: | 9/12/16 |
Current Mortgage Loan and Property Stratification Tables Aggregate Pool | ||||||||||||||||
Debt Service Coverage Ratio | Property Type (3) | |||||||||||||||
Debt Service Coverage Ratio | # of loans | Scheduled Balance | % of Agg. Bal. | WAM (2) | WAC | Weighted Avg DSCR (1) | Property Type | # of Props. | Scheduled Balance | % of Agg. Bal. | WAM (2) | WAC | Weighted Avg DSCR (1) | |||
Totals | Totals | |||||||||||||||
Note Rate | Seasoning | |||||||||||||||
Note Rate | # of loans | Scheduled Balance | % of Agg. Bal. | WAM (2) | WAC | Weighted Avg DSCR (1) | Seasoning | # of loans | Scheduled Balance | % of Agg. Bal. | WAM (2) | WAC | Weighted Avg DSCR (1) | |||
Totals | Totals | |||||||||||||||
See footnotes on last page of this section. | ||||||||||||||||
Page 8 of 24 |
![]() | Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1 Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates Series 2016-BNK1 | For Additional Information please contact | |
CTSLink Customer Service | |||
1-866-846-4526 | |||
Reports Available www.ctslink.com | |||
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. | |||
Corporate Trust Services | Payment Date: | 9/16/16 | |
8480 Stagecoach Circle | Record Date: | 8/31/16 | |
Frederick, MD 21701-4747 | Determination Date: | 9/12/16 |
Current Mortgage Loan and Property Stratification Tables Aggregate Pool | ||||||||||||||||
Anticipated Remaining Term (ARD and Balloon Loans) | Remaining Stated Term (Fully Amortizing Loans) | |||||||||||||||
Anticipated Remaining Term (2) | # of loans | Scheduled Balance | % of Agg. Bal. | WAM (2) | WAC | Weighted Avg DSCR (1) | Remaining Stated Term | # of loans | Scheduled Balance | % of Agg. Bal. | WAM (2) | WAC | Weighted Avg DSCR (1) | |||
Totals | Totals | |||||||||||||||
Remaining Amortization Term (ARD and Balloon Loans) | Age of Most Recent NOI | |||||||||||||||
Remaining Amortization Term | # of loans | Scheduled Balance | % of Agg. Bal. | WAM (2) | WAC | Weighted Avg DSCR (1) | Age of Most Recent NOI | # of loans | Scheduled Balance | % of Agg. Bal. | WAM (2) | WAC | Weighted Avg DSCR (1) | |||
Totals | Totals | |||||||||||||||
(1) Debt Service Coverage Ratios are updated periodically as new NOI figures become available from borrowers on an asset level. In all cases, the most recent DSCR provided by the Servicer is used. To the extent that no DSCR is provided by the Servicer, information from the offering document is used. The Trustee makes no representations as to the accuracy of the data provided by the borrower for this calculation. | ||||||||||||||||
(2) Anticipated Remaining Term and WAM are each calculated based upon the term from the current month to the earlier of the Anticipated Repayment Date, if applicable, and the maturity date. | ||||||||||||||||
(3) Data in this table was calculated by allocating pro-rata the current loan information to the properties based upon the Cut-off Date balance of each property as disclosed in the offering document. | ||||||||||||||||
Page 9 of 24 |
![]() | Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1 Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates Series 2016-BNK1 | For Additional Information please contact | |
CTSLink Customer Service | |||
1-866-846-4526 | |||
Reports Available www.ctslink.com | |||
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. | |||
Corporate Trust Services | Payment Date: | 9/16/16 | |
8480 Stagecoach Circle | Record Date: | 8/31/16 | |
Frederick, MD 21701-4747 | Determination Date: | 9/12/16 |
Mortgage Loan Detail | |||||||||||||||||||
Loan Number | ODCR | Property Type (1) | City | State | Interest Payment | Principal Payment | Gross Coupon | Anticipated Repayment Date | Maturity Date | Neg. Amort (Y/N) | Beginning Scheduled Balance | Ending Scheduled Balance | Paid Thru Date | Appraisal Reduction Date | Appraisal Reduction Amount | Res. Strat. (2) | Mod. Code (3) | ||
Totals |
(1) Property Type Code | (2) Resolution Strategy Code | (3) Modification Code | ||||||||||||||||||||
MF | - | Multi-Family | OF | - | Office | 1 | - | Modification | 6 | - | DPO | 10 | - | Deed in Lieu Of | 1 | - | Maturity Date Extension | 6 | - | Capitalization of Interest | ||
RT | - | Retail | MU | - | Mixed Use | 2 | - | Foreclosure | 7 | - | REO | Foreclosure | 2 | - | Amortization Change | 7 | - | Capitalization of Taxes | ||||
HC | - | Health Care | LO | - | Lodging | 3 | - | Bankruptcy | 8 | - | Resolved | 11 | - | Full Payoff | 3 | - | Principal Write-Off | 8 | - | Principal Write-Off | ||
IN | - | Industrial | SS | - | Self Storage | 4 | - | Extension | 9 | - | Pending Return | 12 | - | Reps and Warranties | 4 | - | Blank | 9 | - | Combination | ||
WH | - | Warehouse | OT | - | Other | 5 | - | Note Sale | to Master Servicer | 13 | - | Other or TBD | 5 | - | Temporary Rate Reduction | |||||||
MH | - | Mobile Home Park | ||||||||||||||||||||
Page 10 of 24 |
![]() | Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1 Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates Series 2016-BNK1 | For Additional Information please contact | |
CTSLink Customer Service | |||
1-866-846-4526 | |||
Reports Available www.ctslink.com | |||
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. | |||
Corporate Trust Services | Payment Date: | 9/16/16 | |
8480 Stagecoach Circle | Record Date: | 8/31/16 | |
Frederick, MD 21701-4747 | Determination Date: | 9/12/16 |
NOI Detail | |||||||||||
Loan Number | ODCR | Property Type | City | State | Ending Scheduled Balance | Most Recent Fiscal NOI | Most Recent NOI | Most Recent NOI Start Date | Most Recent NOI End Date | ||
Total | |||||||||||
Page 11 of 24 |
![]() | Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1 Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates Series 2016-BNK1 | For Additional Information please contact | |
CTSLink Customer Service | |||
1-866-846-4526 | |||
Reports Available www.ctslink.com | |||
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. | |||
Corporate Trust Services | Payment Date: | 9/16/16 | |
8480 Stagecoach Circle | Record Date: | 8/31/16 | |
Frederick, MD 21701-4747 | Determination Date: | 9/12/16 |
Principal Prepayment Detail | ||||||||
Loan Number | Loan Group | Offering Document | Principal Prepayment Amount | Prepayment Penalties | ||||
Cross-Reference | Payoff Amount | Curtailment Amount | Prepayment Premium | Yield Maintenance Premium | ||||
Totals | ||||||||
Page 12 of 24 |
![]() | Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1 Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates Series 2016-BNK1 | For Additional Information please contact | |
CTSLink Customer Service | |||
1-866-846-4526 | |||
Reports Available www.ctslink.com | |||
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. | |||
Corporate Trust Services | Payment Date: | 9/16/16 | |
8480 Stagecoach Circle | Record Date: | 8/31/16 | |
Frederick, MD 21701-4747 | Determination Date: | 9/12/16 |
Historical Detail | |||||||||||||||||||||
Delinquencies | Prepayments | Rate and Maturities | |||||||||||||||||||
Distribution | 30-59 Days | 60-89 Days | 90 Days or More | Foreclosure | REO | Modifications | Curtailments | Payoff | Next Weighted Avg. | WAM | |||||||||||
Date | # | Balance | # | Balance | # | Balance | # | Balance | # | Balance | # | Balance | # | Balance | # | Balance | Coupon | Remit | |||
Note: Foreclosure and REO Totals are excluded from the delinquencies. | |||||||||||||||||||||
Page 13 of 24 |
![]() | Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1 Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates Series 2016-BNK1 | For Additional Information please contact | |
CTSLink Customer Service | |||
1-866-846-4526 | |||
Reports Available www.ctslink.com | |||
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. | |||
Corporate Trust Services | Payment Date: | 9/16/16 | |
8480 Stagecoach Circle | Record Date: | 8/31/16 | |
Frederick, MD 21701-4747 | Determination Date: | 9/12/16 |
Delinquency Loan Detail | |||||||||||||||
Loan Number | Offering Document Cross-Reference | # of Months Delinq. | Paid Through Date | Current P & I Advances | Outstanding P & I Advances ** | Status of Mortgage Loan (1) | Resolution Strategy Code (2) | Servicing Transfer Date | Foreclosure Date | Actual Principal Balance | Outstanding Servicing Advances | Bankruptcy Date | REO Date | ||
Totals |
(1) Status of Mortgage Loan | (2) Resolution Strategy Code | |||||||||||||||||||
A | - | Payment Not Received | 0 | - Current | 4 | - | Assumed Scheduled Payment | 1 | - | Modification | 6 | - | DPO | 10 | - | Deed In Lieu Of | ||||
But Still in Grace Period | 1 | - One Month Delinquent | (Performing Matured Balloon) | 2 | - | Foreclosure | 7 | - | REO | Foreclosure | ||||||||||
Or Not Yet Due | 2 | - Two Months Delinquent | 5 | - | Non Performing Matured Balloon | 3 | - | Bankruptcy | 8 | - | Resolved | 11 | - | Full Payoff | ||||||
B | - | Late Payment But Less | 3 | - Three or More Months Delinquent | 4 | - | Extension | 9 | - | Pending Return | 12 | - | Reps and Warranties | |||||||
Than 1 Month Delinquent | 5 | - | Note Sale | to Master Servicer | 13 | - | Other or TBD | |||||||||||||
** Outstanding P & I Advances include the current period advance. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Page 14 of 24 |
![]() | Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1 Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates Series 2016-BNK1 | For Additional Information please contact | |
CTSLink Customer Service | |||
1-866-846-4526 | |||
Reports Available www.ctslink.com | |||
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. | |||
Corporate Trust Services | Payment Date: | 9/16/16 | |
8480 Stagecoach Circle | Record Date: | 8/31/16 | |
Frederick, MD 21701-4747 | Determination Date: | 9/12/16 |
Specially Serviced Loan Detail - Part 1 | |||||||||||||||||
Distribution Date | Loan Number | Offering Document Cross-Reference | Servicing Transfer Date | Resolution Strategy Code (1) | Scheduled Balance | Property Type (2) | State | Interest Rate | Actual Balance | Net Operating Income | NOI Date | DSCR | Note Date | Maturity Date | Remaining Amortization Term | ||
(1) Resolution Strategy Code | (2) Property Type Code | ||||||||||||||
1 | - Modification | 6 | - | DPO | 10 | - | Deed In Lieu Of | MF | - | Multi-Family | OF | - | Office | ||
2 | - Foreclosure | 7 | - | REO | Foreclosure | RT | - | Retail | MU | - | Mixed use | ||||
3 | - Bankruptcy | 8 | - | Resolved | 11 | - | Full Payoff | HC | - | Health Care | LO | - | Lodging | ||
4 | - Extension | 9 | - | Pending Return | 12 | - | Reps and Warranties | IN | - | Industrial | SS | - | Self Storage | ||
5 | - Note Sale | to Master Servicer | 13 | - | Other or TBD | WH | - | Warehouse | OT | - | Other | ||||
MH | - | Mobile Home Park | |||||||||||||
Page 15 of 24 |
![]() | Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1 Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates Series 2016-BNK1 | For Additional Information please contact | |
CTSLink Customer Service | |||
1-866-846-4526 | |||
Reports Available www.ctslink.com | |||
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. | |||
Corporate Trust Services | Payment Date: | 9/16/16 | |
8480 Stagecoach Circle | Record Date: | 8/31/16 | |
Frederick, MD 21701-4747 | Determination Date: | 9/12/16 |
Specially Serviced Loan Detail - Part 2 | |||||||||||
Distribution Date | Loan Number | Offering Document Cross-Reference | Resolution Strategy Code (1) | Site Inspection Date | Phase 1 Date | Appraisal Date | Appraisal Value | Other REO Property Revenue | Comment | ||
(1) Resolution Strategy Code | ||||||||||
1 | - | Modification | 6 | - | DPO | 10 | - | Deed In Lieu Of | ||
2 | - | Foreclosure | 7 | - | REO | Foreclosure | ||||
3 | - | Bankruptcy | 8 | - | Resolved | 11 | - | Full Payoff | ||
4 | - | Extension | 9 | - | Pending Return | 12 | - | Reps and Warranties | ||
5 | - | Note Sale | to Master Servicer | 13 | - | Other or TBD | ||||
Page 16 of 24 |
![]() | Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1 Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates Series 2016-BNK1 | For Additional Information please contact | |
CTSLink Customer Service | |||
1-866-846-4526 | |||
Reports Available www.ctslink.com | |||
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. | |||
Corporate Trust Services | Payment Date: | 9/16/16 | |
8480 Stagecoach Circle | Record Date: | 8/31/16 | |
Frederick, MD 21701-4747 | Determination Date: | 9/12/16 |
Advance Summary | ||||||
Current P&I Advances | Outstanding P&I Advances | Outstanding Servicing Advances | Current Period Interest on P&I and Servicing Advances Paid | |||
Totals | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
Page 17 of 24 |
![]() | Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1 Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates Series 2016-BNK1 | For Additional Information please contact | |
CTSLink Customer Service | |||
1-866-846-4526 | |||
Reports Available www.ctslink.com | |||
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. | |||
Corporate Trust Services | Payment Date: | 9/16/16 | |
8480 Stagecoach Circle | Record Date: | 8/31/16 | |
Frederick, MD 21701-4747 | Determination Date: | 9/12/16 |
Modified Loan Detail | |||||||||
Loan Number | Offering Document Cross-Reference | Pre-Modification Balance | Post-Modification Balance | Pre-Modification Interest Rate | Post-Modification Interest Rate | Modification Date | Modification Description | ||
Totals | |||||||||
Page 18 of 24 |
![]() | Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1 Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates Series 2016-BNK1 | For Additional Information please contact | |
CTSLink Customer Service | |||
1-866-846-4526 | |||
Reports Available www.ctslink.com | |||
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. | |||
Corporate Trust Services | Payment Date: | 9/16/16 | |
8480 Stagecoach Circle | Record Date: | 8/31/16 | |
Frederick, MD 21701-4747 | Determination Date: | 9/12/16 |
Historical Liquidated Loan Detail | ||||||||||||||
Distribution Date | ODCR | Beginning Scheduled Balance | Fees, Advances, and Expenses * | Most Recent Appraised Value or BPO | Gross Sales Proceeds or Other Proceeds | Net Proceeds Received on Liquidation | Net Proceeds Available for Distribution | Realized Loss to Trust | Date of Current Period Adj. to Trust | Current Period Adjustment to Trust | Cumulative Adjustment to Trust | Loss to Loan with Cum Adj. to Trust | ||
Current Total | ||||||||||||||
Cumulative Total | ||||||||||||||
* Fees, Advances and Expenses also include outstanding P & I advances and unpaid fees (servicing, trustee, etc.). | ||||||||||||||
Page 19 of 24 |
![]() | Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1 Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates Series 2016-BNK1 | For Additional Information please contact | |
CTSLink Customer Service | |||
1-866-846-4526 | |||
Reports Available www.ctslink.com | |||
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. | |||
Corporate Trust Services | Payment Date: | 9/16/16 | |
8480 Stagecoach Circle | Record Date: | 8/31/16 | |
Frederick, MD 21701-4747 | Determination Date: | 9/12/16 |
Historical Bond/Collateral Loss Reconciliation Detail | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution Date | Offering Document Cross-Reference | Beginning Balance at Liquidation | Aggregate Realized Loss on Loans | Prior Realized Loss Applied to Certificates | Amounts Covered by Credit Support | Interest (Shortages)/ Excesses | Modification /Appraisal Reduction Adj. | Additional (Recoveries) /Expenses | Realized Loss Applied to Certificates to Date | Recoveries of Realized Losses Paid as Cash | (Recoveries)/ Losses Applied to Certificate Interest | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Totals | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Page 20 of 24 |
![]() | Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1 Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates Series 2016-BNK1 | For Additional Information please contact | |
CTSLink Customer Service | |||
1-866-846-4526 | |||
Reports Available www.ctslink.com | |||
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. | |||
Corporate Trust Services | Payment Date: | 9/16/16 | |
8480 Stagecoach Circle | Record Date: | 8/31/16 | |
Frederick, MD 21701-4747 | Determination Date: | 9/12/16 |
Interest Shortfall Reconciliation Detail - Part 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Offering Document Cross- Reference | Stated Principal Balance at Contribution | Current Ending Scheduled Balance | Special Servicing Fees | ASER | (PPIS) Excess | Non-Recoverable (Scheduled Interest) | Interest on Advances | Modified Interest Rate (Reduction) /Excess | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Monthly | Liquidation | Work Out | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Totals | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Page 21 of 24 |
![]() | Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1 Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates Series 2016-BNK1 | For Additional Information please contact | |
CTSLink Customer Service | |||
1-866-846-4526 | |||
Reports Available www.ctslink.com | |||
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. | |||
Corporate Trust Services | Payment Date: | 9/16/16 | |
8480 Stagecoach Circle | Record Date: | 8/31/16 | |
Frederick, MD 21701-4747 | Determination Date: | 9/12/16 |
Interest Shortfall Reconciliation Detail - Part 2 | ||||||||
Offering Document Cross-Reference | Stated Principal Balance at Contribution | Current Ending Scheduled Balance | Reimb of Advances to the Servicer | Other (Shortfalls)/ Refunds | Comments | |||
Current Month | Left to Reimburse Master Servicer | |||||||
Totals | ||||||||
Interest Shortfall Reconciliation Detail Part 2 Total | 0.00 | |||||||
Interest Shortfall Reconciliation Detail Part 1 Total | 0.00 | |||||||
Total Interest Shortfall Allocated to Trust | 0.00 | |||||||
Page 22 of 24 |
![]() | Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1 Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates Series 2016-BNK1 | For Additional Information please contact | |
CTSLink Customer Service | |||
1-866-846-4526 | |||
Reports Available www.ctslink.com | |||
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. | |||
Corporate Trust Services | Payment Date: | 9/16/16 | |
8480 Stagecoach Circle | Record Date: | 8/31/16 | |
Frederick, MD 21701-4747 | Determination Date: | 9/12/16 |
Defeased Loan Detail | |||||||
Loan Number | Offering Document Cross-Reference | Ending Scheduled Balance | Maturity Date | Note Rate | Defeasance Status | ||
Totals | |||||||
Page 23 of 24 |
![]() | Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1 Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates Series 2016-BNK1 | For Additional Information please contact | |
CTSLink Customer Service | |||
1-866-846-4526 | |||
Reports Available www.ctslink.com | |||
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. | |||
Corporate Trust Services | Payment Date: | 9/16/16 | |
8480 Stagecoach Circle | Record Date: | 8/31/16 | |
Frederick, MD 21701-4747 | Determination Date: | 9/12/16 |
Supplemental Reporting | ||
Page 24 of 24 |
ANNEX C
FORM OF OPERATING ADVISOR ANNUAL REPORT1
Report Date: This report will be delivered annually no later than [INSERT DATE], pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Pooling and Servicing Agreement, dated as of August 1, 2016 (the “Pooling and Servicing Agreement”).
Transaction: Wells Fargo Commercial Mortgage Trust 2016-BNK1,
Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates
Series 2016-BNK1
Operating Advisor: Park Bridge Lender Services LLC
Special Servicer: Rialto Capital Advisors, LLC
Directing Certificateholder: RREF III Debt AIV, LP
I. | Population of Mortgage Loans that Were Considered in Compiling this Report |
1. | The Special Servicer has notified the Operating Advisor that [·] Specially Serviced Loans were transferred to special servicing in the prior calendar year [INSERT YEAR]. |
(a) | [·] of those Specially Serviced Loans are still being analyzed by the Special Servicer as part of the development of an Asset Status Report. |
(b) | Asset Status Reports were issued with respect to [·] of such Specially Serviced Loans. This report is based only on the Specially Serviced Loans in respect of which an Asset Status Report has been issued. The Asset Status Reports may not yet be fully implemented. |
II. | Executive Summary |
Based on the requirements and qualifications set forth in the Pooling and Servicing Agreement, as well as the items listed below, the Operating Advisor (in accordance with the Operating Advisor’s analysis requirements outlined in the Pooling and Servicing Agreement) has undertaken a limited review of the Special Servicer’s operational activities to service certain Specially Serviced Loans in accordance with the Servicing Standard. Based on such limited review, the Operating Advisor [does, does not] believe there are material violations of the Special Servicer’s compliance with its obligations under the Pooling and Servicing Agreement. In addition, the Operating Advisor notes the following: [PROVIDE SUMMARY OF ANY ADDITIONAL MATERIAL INFORMATION].
In connection with the assessment set forth in this report, the Operating Advisor:
1. | Reviewed the Asset Status Reports, the Special Servicer’s assessment of compliance report, attestation report by a third party regarding the Special Servicer’s compliance with its obligations and net present value calculations and Appraisal Reduction calculations and [LIST OTHER REVIEWED INFORMATION] for the following [●] Specially Serviced Loans: [List related mortgage loans] |
1 This report is an indicative report and does not reflect the final form of annual report to be used in any particular year. The Operating Advisor will have the ability to modify or alter the organization and content of any particular report, subject to the compliance with the terms of the Pooling and Servicing Agreement, including, without limitation, provisions relating to Privileged Information.
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2. | Consulted with the Special Servicer as provided under the Pooling and Servicing Agreement. The Operating Advisor’s analysis of the Asset Status Reports (including related net present value calculations and Appraisal Reduction calculations) related to the Specially Serviced Loans should be considered a limited investigation and not be considered a full or limited audit. For instance, we did not review each page of the Special Servicer’s policy and procedure manuals (including amendments and appendices), re-engineer the quantitative aspects of their net present value calculator, visit any property, visit the Special Servicer, visit the Directing Certificateholder or interact with any borrower. In addition, our review of the net present value calculations and Appraisal Reduction calculations is limited to the mathematical accuracy of the calculations and the corresponding application of the non-discretionary portions of the applicable formulas, and as such, does not take into account the reasonableness of the discretionary portions of such formulas. |
III. | Specific Items of Review |
1. | The Operating Advisor reviewed the following items in connection with the generation of this report: [LIST MATERIAL ITEMS]. |
2. | During the prior year, the Operating Advisor consulted with the Special Servicer regarding its strategy plan for a limited number of issues related to the following Specially Serviced Loans: [LIST]. The Operating Advisor participated in discussions and made strategic observations and recommended alternative courses of action to the extent it deemed such observations and recommendations appropriate. The Special Servicer [agreed with/did not agree with] the material recommendations made by the Operating Advisor. Such recommendations generally included the following: [LIST]. |
3. | Appraisal Reduction calculations and net present value calculations: |
4. | The Operating Advisor [received/did not receive] information necessary to recalculate and verify the accuracy of the mathematical calculations and the corresponding application of the non-discretionary portions of the applicable formulas required to be utilized in connection with any Appraisal Reduction or net present value calculations used in the special servicer’s determination of what course of action to take in connection with the workout or liquidation of a Specially Serviced Loan prior to the utilization by the special servicer. |
(a) | The operating advisor [agrees/does not agree] with the [mathematical calculations] [and/or] [the application of the applicable non-discretionary portions of the formula] required to be utilized for such calculation. |
(b) | After consultation with the special servicer to resolve any inaccuracy in the mathematical calculations or the application of the non-discretionary portions of the related formula in arriving at those mathematical calculations, such inaccuracy [has been/ has not been] resolved. |
5. | The following is a general discussion of certain concerns raised by the Operating Advisor discussed in this report: [LIST CONCERNS]. |
6. | In addition to the other information presented herein, the Operating Advisor notes the following additional items, if any: [LIST ADDITIONAL ITEMS]. |
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IV. | Qualifications Related to the Work Product Undertaken and Opinions Related to this Report |
1. | The Operating Advisor did not participate in, or have access to, the Special Servicer’s and Directing Certificateholder’s discussion(s) regarding any Specially Serviced Loan. The Operating Advisor does not have authority to speak with the Directing Certificateholder directly. As such, the Operating Advisor generally relied upon the information delivered to it by the Special Servicer as well as its interaction with the Special Servicer, if any, in gathering the relevant information to generate this report. |
2. | The Special Servicer has the legal authority and responsibility to service the Specially Serviced Loans pursuant to the Pooling and Servicing Agreement. The Operating Advisor has no responsibility or authority to alter the standards set forth therein. |
3. | Confidentiality and other contractual limitations limit the Operating Advisor’s ability to outline the details or substance of the discussions held between it and the Special Servicer regarding any Specially Serviced Loans and certain information it reviewed in connection with its duties under the Pooling and Servicing Agreement. As a result, this report may not reflect all the relevant information that the Operating Advisor is given access to by the Special Servicer. |
4. | There are many tasks that the Special Servicer undertakes on an ongoing basis related to Specially Serviced Loans. These include, but are not limited to, assumptions, ownership changes, collateral substitutions, capital reserve changes, etc. The Operating Advisor does not participate in any discussions regarding such actions. As such, Operating Advisor has not assessed the Special Servicer’s operational compliance with respect to those types of actions. |
5. | The Operating Advisor is not empowered to speak with any investors directly. If the investors have questions regarding this report, they should address such questions to the certificate administrator through the certificate administrator’s website. |
Terms used but not defined herein have the meaning set forth in the Pooling and Servicing Agreement.
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ANNEX D-1
MORTGAGE LOAN REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
Each sponsor will make, as of the date specified in the MLPA or such other date as set forth below, with respect to each Mortgage Loan sold by it that we include in the issuing entity, representations and warranties generally to the effect set forth below. The exceptions to the representations and warranties set forth below are identified on Annex D-2. Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined in this Annex D-1 will have the meanings set forth in this prospectus or, if not defined in this prospectus, in the related MLPA.
Each MLPA, together with the related representations and warranties, serves to contractually allocate risk between the related sponsor, on the one hand, and the issuing entity, on the other. We present the related representations and warranties set forth below for the sole purpose of describing some of the terms and conditions of that risk allocation. The presentation of representations and warranties below is not intended as statements regarding the actual characteristics of the Mortgage Loans, the Mortgaged Properties or other matters. We cannot assure you that the Mortgage Loans actually conform to the statements made in the representations and warranties that we present below. The representations, warranties and exceptions have been provided to you for informational purposes only and prospective investors should not rely on the representations, warranties and exceptions as a basis for any investment decision. For disclosure regarding the characteristics, risks and other information regarding the Mortgage Loans, Mortgaged Properties and the certificates, you should read and rely solely on the prospectus. None of the depositor or the underwriters or their respective affiliates makes any representation regarding the accuracy or completeness of the representations, warranties and exceptions.
1. Intentionally Omitted.
2. Whole Loan; Ownership of Mortgage Loans. Each Mortgage Loan is a whole loan and not a participation interest in a mortgage loan. At the time of the sale, transfer and assignment to the Depositor, no mortgage note or mortgage was subject to any assignment (other than assignments to the Mortgage Loan Seller), participation or pledge, and the Mortgage Loan Seller had good title to, and was the sole owner of, each Mortgage Loan free and clear of any and all liens, charges, pledges, encumbrances, participations, any other ownership interests and other interests on, in or to such Mortgage Loan other than any servicing rights appointment, subservicing or similar agreement. The Mortgage Loan Seller has full right and authority to sell, assign and transfer each Mortgage Loan, and the assignment to the Depositor constitutes a legal, valid and binding assignment of such Mortgage Loan free and clear of any and all liens, pledges, charges or security interests of any nature encumbering such Mortgage Loan.
3. Loan Document Status. Each related mortgage note, mortgage, Assignment of Leases (if a separate instrument), guaranty and other agreement executed by or on behalf of the related Mortgagor, guarantor or other obligor in connection with such Mortgage Loan is the legal, valid and binding obligation of the related Mortgagor, guarantor or other obligor (subject to any non-recourse provisions contained in any of the foregoing agreements and any applicable state anti-deficiency or market value limit deficiency legislation), as applicable, and is enforceable in accordance with its terms, except as such enforcement may be limited by (i) bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally and (ii) general principles of equity (regardless of whether such enforcement is considered in a
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proceeding in equity or at law and except that certain provisions in such Mortgage Loan documents (including, without limitation, provisions requiring the payment of default interest, late fees or prepayment/yield maintenance premiums) may be further limited or rendered unenforceable by applicable law, but (subject to the limitations set forth above) such limitations or unenforceability will not render such Mortgage Loan documents invalid as a whole or materially interfere with the mortgagee’s realization of the principal benefits and/or security provided thereby (clauses (i) and (ii) collectively, the “Standard Qualifications”).
Except as set forth in the immediately preceding sentence, there is no valid offset, defense, counterclaim or right of rescission available to the related Mortgagor with respect to any of the related mortgage notes, mortgages or other Mortgage Loan documents, including, without limitation, any such valid offset, defense, counterclaim or right based on intentional fraud by Mortgage Loan Seller in connection with the origination of the Mortgage Loan, that would deny the mortgagee the principal benefits intended to be provided by the mortgage note, mortgage or other Mortgage Loan documents.
4. Mortgage Provisions. The Mortgage Loan documents for each Mortgage Loan, together with applicable state law, contain provisions that render the rights and remedies of the holder thereof adequate for the practical realization against the Mortgaged Property of the principal benefits of the security intended to be provided thereby, including realization by judicial or, if applicable, non-judicial foreclosure subject to the limitations set forth in the Standard Qualifications.
5. Intentionally Omitted.
6. Mortgage Status; Waivers and Modifications. Since origination and except by written instruments set forth in the related mortgage file or as otherwise provided in the related Mortgage Loan documents (a) the material terms of such mortgage, mortgage note, Mortgage Loan guaranty and related Mortgage Loan documents have not been waived, impaired, modified, altered, satisfied, canceled, subordinated or rescinded in any respect which materially interferes with the security intended to be provided by such mortgage; (b) no related Mortgaged Property or any portion thereof has been released from the lien of the related mortgage in any manner which materially interferes with the security intended to be provided by such mortgage or the use or operation of the remaining portion of such Mortgaged Property; and (c) neither borrower nor guarantor has been released from its material obligations under the Mortgage Loan. With respect to each Mortgage Loan, except as contained in a written document included in the mortgage file, there have been no modifications, amendments or waivers, that could be reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on such Mortgage Loan consented to by the Mortgage Loan Seller on or after the Cut-off Date.
7. Lien; Valid Assignment. Subject to the Standard Qualifications, each endorsement or assignment of mortgage and assignment of Assignment of Leases from the Mortgage Loan Seller or its affiliate is in recordable form (but for the insertion of the name of the assignee and any related recording information which is not yet available to the Mortgage Loan Seller) and constitutes a legal, valid and binding endorsement or assignment from the Mortgage Loan Seller, or its affiliate, as applicable. Each related mortgage and Assignment of Leases is freely assignable without the consent of the related Mortgagor. Each related mortgage is a legal, valid and enforceable first lien on the related Mortgagor’s fee (or if identified on the Mortgage Loan Schedule, leasehold) interest in the Mortgaged Property in the principal amount of such Mortgage Loan or allocated loan amount (subject only to Permitted Encumbrances (as defined below) and the exceptions to paragraph 8 below (each such exception, a “Title Exception”)), except as the enforcement thereof may be limited by
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the Standard Qualifications. Such Mortgaged Property (subject to Permitted Encumbrances and Title Exceptions) as of origination and, to the Mortgage Loan Seller’s knowledge, as of the Cut-off Date, is free and clear of any recorded mechanics’ or materialmen’s liens and other recorded encumbrances that would be prior to or equal with the lien of the related mortgage, except those which are bonded over, escrowed for or insured against by the applicable Title Policy (as described below), and as of origination and, to the Mortgage Loan Seller’s knowledge, as of the Cut-off Date, no rights exist which under law could give rise to any such lien or encumbrance that would be prior to or equal with the lien of the related mortgage, except those which are bonded over, escrowed for or insured against by the applicable Title Policy. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, no representation is made as to the perfection of any security interest in rents or other personal property to the extent that possession or control of such items or actions other than the filing of Uniform Commercial Code financing statements is required to effect such perfection.
8. Permitted Liens; Title Insurance. Each Mortgaged Property securing a Mortgage Loan is covered by an American Land Title Association loan title insurance policy or a comparable form of loan title insurance policy approved for use in the applicable jurisdiction (or, if such policy is yet to be issued, by a pro forma policy, a preliminary title policy or a “marked up” commitment, in each case with escrow instructions and binding on the title insurer) (the “Title Policy”) in the original principal amount of such Mortgage Loan (or with respect to a Mortgage Loan secured by multiple properties, an amount equal to at least the allocated loan amount with respect to the Title Policy for each such property) after all advances of principal (including any advances held in escrow or reserves), that insures for the benefit of the owner of the indebtedness secured by the mortgage, the first priority lien of the mortgage, which lien is subject only to (a) the lien of current real property taxes, water charges, sewer rents and assessments not yet due and payable; (b) covenants, conditions and restrictions, rights of way, easements and other matters of public record specifically identified in the Title Policy; (c) the exceptions (general and specific) and exclusions set forth in such Title Policy; (d) other matters to which like properties are commonly subject; (e) the rights of tenants (as tenants only) under leases (including subleases) pertaining to the related Mortgaged Property; (f) if the related Mortgage Loan constitutes a cross-collateralized Mortgage Loan, the lien of the mortgage for another Mortgage Loan contained in the same cross-collateralized group of Mortgage Loans, and (g) condominium declarations of record and identified in such Title Policy, provided that none of clauses (a) through (g), individually or in the aggregate, materially and adversely interferes with the value or principal use of the Mortgaged Property, the security intended to be provided by such mortgage, or the current ability of the related Mortgaged Property to generate net cash flow sufficient to service the related Mortgage Loan or the Mortgagor’s ability to pay its obligations when they become due (collectively, the “Permitted Encumbrances”). For purposes of clause (a) of the immediately preceding sentence, any such taxes, assessments and other charges shall not be considered due and payable until the date on which interest and/or penalties would be payable thereon. Except as contemplated by clause (f) of the second preceding sentence none of the Permitted Encumbrances are mortgage liens that are senior to or coordinate and co-equal with the lien of the related mortgage. Such Title Policy (or, if it has yet to be issued, the coverage to be provided thereby) is in full force and effect, all premiums thereon have been paid and no claims have been made by the Mortgage Loan Seller thereunder and no claims have been paid thereunder. Neither the Mortgage Loan Seller, nor to the Mortgage Loan Seller’s knowledge, any other holder of the Mortgage Loan, has done, by act or omission, anything that would materially impair the coverage under such Title Policy. Each Title Policy contains no exclusion for, or affirmatively insures (except for any Mortgaged Property located in a jurisdiction where such affirmative insurance is not available in which case such exclusion may exist), (a) that the Mortgaged Property shown on the survey is the same as the
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property legally described in the mortgage and (b) to the extent that the Mortgaged Property consists of two or more adjoining parcels, such parcels are contiguous.
9. Junior Liens. It being understood that B notes secured by the same mortgage as a Mortgage Loan are not subordinate mortgages or junior liens, except for any Mortgage Loan that is cross-collateralized and cross-defaulted with another Mortgage Loan, as of the Cut-off Date there are no subordinate mortgages or junior mortgage liens encumbering the related Mortgaged Property other than Permitted Encumbrances, mechanics’ or materialmen’s liens (which are the subject of the representation in paragraph (7) above), and equipment and other personal property financing. The Mortgage Loan Seller has no knowledge of any mezzanine debt secured directly by interests in the related Mortgagor other than as set forth on the table relating to existing mezzanine indebtedness under “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Additional Indebtedness—Mezzanine Indebtedness” in this prospectus.
10. Assignment of Leases and Rents. There exists as part of the related mortgage file an Assignment of Leases (either as a separate instrument or incorporated into the related mortgage). Subject to the Permitted Encumbrances and Title Exceptions, each related Assignment of Leases creates a valid first-priority collateral assignment of, or a valid first-priority lien or security interest in, rents and certain rights under the related lease or leases, subject only to a license granted to the related Mortgagor to exercise certain rights and to perform certain obligations of the lessor under such lease or leases, including the right to operate the related leased property, except as the enforcement thereof may be limited by the Standard Qualifications. The related mortgage or related Assignment of Leases, subject to applicable law and the Standard Qualifications, provides that, upon an event of default under the Mortgage Loan, a receiver may be appointed for the collection of rents or for the related mortgagee to enter into possession to collect the rents or for rents to be paid directly to the mortgagee.
11. Financing Statements. Subject to the Standard Qualifications, each Mortgage Loan or related security agreement establishes a valid security interest in, and a UCC-1 financing statement has been filed and/or recorded (or, in the case of fixtures, the mortgage constitutes a fixture filing) in all places necessary at the time of the origination of the Mortgage Loan (or, if not filed and/or recorded, has submitted or caused to be submitted in proper form for filing and/or recording) to perfect a valid security interest in, the personal property (creation and perfection of which is governed by the UCC) owned by Mortgagor and necessary to operate such Mortgaged Property in its current use other than (1) non-material personal property, (2) personal property subject to purchase money security interests and (3) personal property that is leased equipment. Each UCC-1 financing statement, if any, filed with respect to personal property constituting a part of the related Mortgaged Property and each UCC-3 assignment, if any, filed with respect to such financing statement was in suitable form for filing in the filing office in which such financing statement was filed. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, no representation is made as to the perfection of any security interest in rents or other personal property to the extent that possession or control of such items or actions other than the filing of Uniform Commercial Code financing statements is required to effect such perfection.
12. Condition of Property. The Mortgage Loan Seller or the originator of the Mortgage Loan inspected or caused to be inspected each related Mortgaged Property within six months of origination of the Mortgage Loan and within twelve months of the Cut-off Date.
An engineering report or property condition assessment was prepared in connection with the origination of each Mortgage Loan no more than twelve months prior to the Cut-off Date. To the Mortgage Loan Seller’s knowledge, based solely upon due diligence
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customarily performed in connection with the origination of comparable mortgage loans, as of the Closing Date, each related Mortgaged Property was free and clear of any material damage (other than (i) deferred maintenance for which escrows were established at origination and (ii) any damage fully covered by insurance) that would affect materially and adversely the use or value of such Mortgaged Property as security for the Mortgage Loan.
13. Taxes and Assessments. As of the date of origination and, to the Mortgage Loan Seller’s knowledge, as of the Cut-off Date, all taxes, governmental assessments and other outstanding governmental charges (including, without limitation, water and sewage charges) due with respect to the Mortgaged Property (excluding any related personal property) securing a Mortgage Loan that is or could become a lien on the related Mortgaged Property that became due and owing prior to the Cut-off Date with respect to each related Mortgaged Property have been paid, or, if the appropriate amount of such taxes or charges is being appealed or is otherwise in dispute, the unpaid taxes or charges are covered by an escrow of funds or other security sufficient to pay such tax or charge and reasonably estimated interest and penalties, if any, thereon. For purposes of this representation and warranty, any such taxes, assessments and other charges shall not be considered due and payable until the date on which interest and/or penalties would be payable thereon.
14. Condemnation. As of the date of origination and to the Mortgage Loan Seller’s knowledge as of the Cut-off Date, there is no proceeding pending and, to the Mortgage Loan Seller’s knowledge as of the date of origination and as of the Cut-off Date, there is no proceeding threatened for the total or partial condemnation of such Mortgaged Property that would have a material adverse effect on the value, use or operation of the Mortgaged Property.
15. Actions Concerning Mortgage Loan. To the Mortgage Loan Seller’s knowledge, based on evaluation of the Title Policy (as defined in paragraph 8), an engineering report or property condition assessment as described in paragraph 12, applicable local law compliance materials as described in paragraph 26, the Sponsor Diligence (as defined in paragraph 42), and the ESA (as defined in paragraph 43), as of origination there was no pending or filed action, suit or proceeding, arbitration or governmental investigation involving any Mortgagor, guarantor, or Mortgagor’s interest in the Mortgaged Property, an adverse outcome of which would reasonably be expected to materially and adversely affect (a) such Mortgagor’s title to the Mortgaged Property, (b) the validity or enforceability of the mortgage, (c) such Mortgagor’s ability to perform under the related Mortgage Loan, (d) such guarantor’s ability to perform under the related guaranty, (e) the principal benefit of the security intended to be provided by the Mortgage Loan documents, or (f) the current principal use of the Mortgaged Property.
16. Escrow Deposits. All escrow deposits and escrow payments currently required to be escrowed with lender pursuant to each Mortgage Loan (including capital improvements and environmental remediation reserves) are in the possession, or under the control, of the Mortgage Loan Seller or its servicer, and there are no delinquencies (subject to any applicable grace or cure periods) in connection therewith, and all such escrows and deposits (or the right thereto) that are required under the related Mortgage Loan documents are being conveyed by the Mortgage Loan Seller to the Depositor or its servicer.
17. No Holdbacks. The principal amount of the Mortgage Loan stated on the Mortgage Loan Schedule has been fully disbursed as of the Closing Date and there is no requirement for future advances thereunder (except in those cases where the full amount of the Mortgage Loan has been disbursed but a portion thereof is being held in escrow or reserve accounts pending the satisfaction of certain conditions relating to leasing, repairs, occupancy, performance or other matters with respect to the related Mortgaged Property,
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the Mortgagor or other considerations determined by the Mortgage Loan Seller to merit such holdback).
18. Insurance. Each related Mortgaged Property is, and is required pursuant to the related mortgage to be, insured by a property insurance policy providing coverage for loss in accordance with coverage found under a “special cause of loss form” or “all risk form” that includes replacement cost valuation issued by an insurer meeting the requirements of the related Mortgage Loan documents and having a claims-paying or financial strength rating of at least “A-:VIII” from A.M. Best Company or “A3” (or the equivalent) from Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. or “A-” from S&P Global Ratings (collectively the “Insurance Rating Requirements”), in an amount (subject to customary deductibles) not less than the lesser of (1) the original principal balance of the Mortgage Loan and (2) the full insurable value on a replacement cost basis of the improvements, furniture, furnishings, fixtures and equipment owned by Mortgagor included in the Mortgaged Property (with no deduction for physical depreciation), but, in any event, not less than the amount necessary or containing such endorsements as are necessary to avoid the operation of any coinsurance provisions with respect to the related Mortgaged Property.
Each related Mortgaged Property is also covered, and required to be covered pursuant to the related Mortgage Loan documents, by business interruption or rental loss insurance which (subject to a customary deductible) covers a period of not less than 12 months (or with respect to each Mortgage Loan on a single asset with a principal balance of $50 million or more, 18 months).
If any material part of the improvements, exclusive of a parking lot, located on a Mortgaged Property is in an area identified in the Federal Register by the Federal Emergency Management Agency as having special flood hazards, the related Mortgagor is required to maintain insurance in an amount equal to the lesser of (A) the maximum amount available under the National Flood Insurance Program, (B) the outstanding principal amount of the Mortgage Loan or (C) the insurable value of the Mortgaged Property.
If the Mortgaged Property is located within 25 miles of the coast of the Gulf of Mexico or the Atlantic coast of Florida, Georgia, South Carolina or North Carolina, the related Mortgagor is required to maintain coverage for windstorm and/or windstorm related perils and/or “named storms” issued by an insurer meeting the Insurance Rating Requirements or endorsement covering damage from windstorm and/or windstorm related perils and/or named storms.
The Mortgaged Property is covered, and required to be covered pursuant to the related Mortgage Loan documents, by a commercial general liability insurance policy issued by an insurer meeting the Insurance Rating Requirements including coverage for property damage, contractual damage and personal injury (including bodily injury and death) in amounts as are generally required by the Mortgage Loan Seller for similar commercial and multifamily loans intended for securitization, and in any event not less than $1 million per occurrence and $2 million in the aggregate.
An architectural or engineering consultant has performed an analysis of each of the Mortgaged Properties located in seismic zones 3 or 4 in order to evaluate the seismic condition of such property, for the sole purpose of assessing the probable maximum loss or scenario expected loss (“PML”) for the Mortgaged Property in the event of an earthquake. In such instance, the PML was based on a 475-year return period, an exposure period of 50 years and a 10% probability of exceedance. If the resulting report concluded that the PML would exceed 20% of the amount of the replacement costs of the improvements, earthquake insurance on such Mortgaged Property was obtained by an insurer rated at least
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“A:VIII” by A.M. Best Company or “A3” (or the equivalent) from Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. or “A-” by S&P Global Ratings in an amount not less than 100% of the PML.
The Mortgage Loan documents require insurance proceeds (or an amount equal to such insurance proceeds) in respect of a property loss to be applied either (a) to the repair or restoration of all or part of the related Mortgaged Property, with respect to all property losses in excess of 5% of the then-outstanding principal amount of the related Mortgage Loan, the lender (or a trustee appointed by it) having the right to hold and disburse such proceeds as the repair or restoration progresses, or (b) to the payment of the outstanding principal balance of such Mortgage Loan together with any accrued interest thereon.
All premiums on all insurance policies referred to in this section that are required by the Mortgage Loan documents to be paid as of the Cut-off Date have been paid, and such insurance policies name the lender under the Mortgage Loan and its successors and assigns as a loss payee under a mortgagee endorsement clause or, in the case of the general liability insurance policy, as named or additional insured. Such insurance policies will inure to the benefit of the trustee. Each related Mortgage Loan obligates the related Mortgagor to maintain all such insurance and, at such Mortgagor’s failure to do so, authorizes the lender to maintain such insurance at the Mortgagor’s cost and expense and to charge such Mortgagor for related premiums. All such insurance policies (other than commercial liability policies) require at least 10 days’ prior notice to the lender of termination or cancellation arising because of nonpayment of a premium and at least 30 days’ prior notice to the lender of termination or cancellation (or such lesser period, not less than 10 days, as may be required by applicable law) arising for any reason other than non-payment of a premium and no such notice has been received by the Mortgage Loan Seller.
19. Access; Utilities; Separate Tax Parcels. Based solely on evaluation of the Title Policy (as defined in paragraph 8) and survey, if any, an engineering report or property condition assessment as described in paragraph 12, applicable local law compliance materials as described in paragraph 26, the Sponsor Diligence (as defined in paragraph 42), and the ESA (as defined in paragraph 43), each Mortgaged Property (a) is located on or adjacent to a public road and has direct legal access to such road, or has permanent access from a recorded easement or right of way permitting ingress and egress to/from a public road, (b) is served by or has access rights to public or private water and sewer (or well and septic) and other utilities necessary for the current use of the Mortgaged Property, all of which are adequate for the current use of the Mortgaged Property, and (c) constitutes one or more separate tax parcels which do not include any property which is not part of the Mortgaged Property or is subject to an endorsement under the related Title Policy insuring the Mortgaged Property, or in certain cases, an application has been made or is required to be made to the applicable governing authority for creation of separate tax parcels (or the Mortgage Loan documents so require such application in the future), in which case the Mortgage Loan requires the Mortgagor to escrow an amount sufficient to pay taxes for the existing tax parcel of which the Mortgaged Property is a part until the separate tax parcels are created.
20. No Encroachments. To the Mortgage Loan Seller’s knowledge based solely on surveys obtained in connection with origination and the Title Policy obtained in connection with the origination of each Mortgage Loan, and except for encroachments that do not materially and adversely affect the current marketability or principal use of the Mortgaged Property: (a) all material improvements that were included for the purpose of determining the appraised value of the related Mortgaged Property at the time of the origination of such Mortgage Loan are within the boundaries of the related Mortgaged Property, except for encroachments that are insured against by the applicable Title Policy; (b) no material improvements on adjoining parcels encroach onto the related Mortgaged Property except for
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encroachments that are insured against by the applicable Title Policy; and (c) no material improvements encroach upon any easements except for encroachments that are insured against by the applicable Title Policy.
21. No Contingent Interest or Equity Participation. No Mortgage Loan has a shared appreciation feature, any other contingent interest feature or a negative amortization feature (except that an ARD Loan may provide for the accrual of the portion of interest in excess of the rate in effect prior to the Anticipated Repayment Date) or an equity participation by the Mortgage Loan Seller.
22. REMIC. The Mortgage Loan is a “qualified mortgage” within the meaning of Section 860G(a)(3) of the Code (but determined without regard to the rule in Treasury Regulations Section 1.860G-2(f)(2) that treats certain defective mortgage loans as qualified mortgages), and, accordingly, (A) the issue price of the Mortgage Loan to the related Mortgagor at origination did not exceed the non-contingent principal amount of the Mortgage Loan and (B) either: (a) such Mortgage Loan is secured by an interest in real property (including buildings and structural components thereof, but excluding personal property) having a fair market value (i) at the date the Mortgage Loan was originated at least equal to 80% of the adjusted issue price of the Mortgage Loan (together with any related Pari Passu Companion Loans) on such date or (ii) at the Closing Date at least equal to 80% of the adjusted issue price of the Mortgage Loan (together with any related Pari Passu Companion Loans) on such date, provided that for purposes hereof, the fair market value of the real property interest must first be reduced by (A) the amount of any lien on the real property interest that is senior to the Mortgage Loan and (B) a proportionate amount of any lien that is in parity with the Mortgage Loan; or (b) substantially all of the proceeds of such Mortgage Loan were used to acquire, improve or protect the real property which served as the only security for such Mortgage Loan (other than a recourse feature or other third-party credit enhancement within the meaning of Treasury Regulations Section 1.860G-2(a)(1)(ii)). If the Mortgage Loan was “significantly modified” prior to the Closing Date so as to result in a taxable exchange under Section 1001 of the Code, it either (x) was modified as a result of the default or reasonably foreseeable default of such Mortgage Loan or (y) satisfies the provisions of either sub-clause (B)(a)(i) above (substituting the date of the last such modification for the date the Mortgage Loan was originated) or sub-clause (B)(a)(ii), including the proviso thereto. Any prepayment premium and yield maintenance charges applicable to the Mortgage Loan constitute “customary prepayment penalties” within the meaning of Treasury Regulations Section 1.860G-1(b)(2). All terms used in this paragraph shall have the same meanings as set forth in the related Treasury Regulations.
23. Compliance with Usury Laws. The mortgage rate (exclusive of any default interest, late charges, yield maintenance charge, or prepayment premiums) of such Mortgage Loan complied as of the date of origination with, or was exempt from, applicable state or federal laws, regulations and other requirements pertaining to usury.
24. Authorized to do Business. To the extent required under applicable law, as of the Cut-off Date or as of the date that such entity held the mortgage note, each holder of the mortgage note was authorized to transact and do business in the jurisdiction in which each related Mortgaged Property is located, or the failure to be so authorized does not materially and adversely affect the enforceability of such Mortgage Loan by the Trust.
25. Trustee under Deed of Trust. With respect to each mortgage which is a deed of trust, as of the date of origination and, to the Mortgage Loan Seller’s knowledge, as of the Closing Date, a trustee, duly qualified under applicable law to serve as such, currently so serves and is named in the deed of trust or has been substituted in accordance with the
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mortgage and applicable law or may be substituted in accordance with the mortgage and applicable law by the related mortgagee, and, except in connection with a trustee’s sale after a default by the related Mortgagor or in connection with any full or partial release of the related Mortgaged Property or related security for such Mortgage Loan, no fees are payable to such trustee except for de minimis fees paid or such fees as required by the applicable jurisdiction which are to be paid by Mortgagor in accordance with the Mortgage Loan Documents.
26. Local Law Compliance. To the Mortgage Loan Seller’s knowledge, based upon any of a letter from any governmental authorities, a legal opinion, an architect’s letter, a zoning consultant’s report, an endorsement to the related Title Policy, a survey, or other affirmative investigation of local law compliance consistent with the investigation conducted by the Mortgage Loan Seller for similar commercial and multifamily mortgage loans intended for securitization, the improvements located on or forming part of each Mortgaged Property securing a Mortgage Loan are in material compliance with applicable laws, zoning ordinances, rules, covenants, and restrictions (collectively “Zoning Regulations”) governing the occupancy, use, and operation of such Mortgaged Property or constitute a legal non-conforming use or structure and any non-conformity with zoning laws constitutes a legal non-conforming use or structure which does not materially and adversely affect the use, operation or value of such Mortgaged Property. In the event of casualty or destruction, (a) the Mortgaged Property may be restored or repaired to the full extent necessary to maintain the use of the structure immediately prior to such casualty or destruction, (b) law and ordinance insurance coverage has been obtained for the Mortgaged Property in amounts customarily required by the Mortgage Loan Seller for similar commercial and multifamily loans intended for securitization, (c) title insurance policy coverage has been obtained with respect to any non-conforming use or structure, or (d) the inability to restore the Mortgaged Property to the full extent of the use or structure immediately prior to the casualty would not materially and adversely affect the use or operation of such Mortgaged Property.
27. Licenses and Permits. Each Mortgagor covenants in the Mortgage Loan documents that it shall keep all material licenses, permits, franchises, certificates of occupancy and applicable governmental approvals necessary for the operation of the Mortgaged Property in full force and effect, and to the Mortgage Loan Seller’s knowledge based upon any of a letter from any government authorities, zoning consultant’s report or other affirmative investigation of local law compliance consistent with the investigation conducted by the Mortgage Loan Seller for similar commercial and multifamily mortgage loans intended for securitization; all such material licenses, permits, franchises, certificates of occupancy and applicable governmental approvals are in effect or the failure to obtain or maintain such material licenses, permits, franchises or certificates of occupancy and applicable governmental approvals does not materially and adversely affect the use and/or operation of the Mortgaged Property as it was used and operated as of the date of origination of the Mortgage Loan or the rights of a holder of the related Mortgage Loan. The Mortgage Loan requires the related Mortgagor to be qualified to do business in the jurisdiction in which the related Mortgaged Property is located and requires the Mortgagor to comply in all material respects with all applicable regulations, zoning and building laws.
28. Recourse Obligations. The Mortgage Loan documents for each Mortgage Loan (a) provide that such Mortgage Loan becomes full recourse to the Mortgagor and guarantor (which is a natural person or persons, or an entity or entities distinct from the Mortgagor (but may be affiliated with the Mortgagor) that collectively, as of the date of origination of the related Mortgage Loan, have assets other than equity in the related Mortgaged Property that are not de minimis) in any of the following events (or negotiated provisions of
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substantially similar effect): (i) if any petition for bankruptcy, insolvency, dissolution or liquidation pursuant to federal bankruptcy law, or any similar federal or state law, shall be filed by, consented to, or acquiesced in by, the Mortgagor; (ii) Mortgagor or guarantor shall have solicited or caused to be solicited petitioning creditors to cause an involuntary bankruptcy filing with respect to the Mortgagor or (iii) transfers of either the Mortgaged Property or controlling equity interests in Mortgagor made in violation of the Mortgage Loan documents; and (b) contains provisions for recourse against the Mortgagor and guarantor (which is a natural person or persons, or an entity or entities distinct from the Mortgagor (but may be affiliated with the Mortgagor) that collectively, as of the date of origination of the related Mortgage Loan, have assets other than equity in the related Mortgaged Property that are not de minimis), for losses and damages resulting from the following (or negotiated provisions of substantially similar effect): (i) Mortgagor’s misappropriation of rents after an event of default, security deposits, insurance proceeds, or condemnation awards; (ii) Mortgagor’s fraud or intentional material misrepresentation; (iii) breaches of the environmental covenants in the Mortgage Loan documents; or (iv) Mortgagor’s commission of intentional material physical waste at the Mortgaged Property.
29. Mortgage Releases. The terms of the related mortgage or related Mortgage Loan documents do not provide for release of any material portion of the Mortgaged Property from the lien of the mortgage except (a) a partial release, accompanied by principal repayment, or partial defeasance (as described in paragraph 34) of not less than a specified percentage at least equal to 110% of the related allocated loan amount of such portion of the Mortgaged Property, (b) upon payment in full of such Mortgage Loan, (c) upon a Defeasance (defined in paragraph 34 below), (d) releases of out-parcels that are unimproved or other portions of the Mortgaged Property which will not have a material adverse effect on the underwritten value of the Mortgaged Property and which were not afforded any material value in the appraisal obtained at the origination of the Mortgage Loan and are not necessary for physical access to the Mortgaged Property or compliance with zoning requirements, or (e) as required pursuant to an order of condemnation. With respect to any partial release under the preceding clauses (a) or (d), either: (x) such release of collateral (i) would not constitute a “significant modification” of the subject Mortgage Loan within the meaning of Treasury Regulations Section 1.860G-2(b)(2) and (ii) would not cause the subject Mortgage Loan to fail to be a “qualified mortgage” within the meaning of Section 860G(a)(3)(A) of the Code; or (y) the mortgagee or servicer can, in accordance with the related Mortgage Loan documents, condition such release of collateral on the related Mortgagor’s delivery of an opinion of tax counsel to the effect specified in the immediately preceding clause (x). For purposes of the preceding clause (x), if the fair market value of the real property constituting such Mortgaged Property (reduced by (1) the amount of any lien on the real property that is senior to the Mortgage Loan and (2) a proportionate amount of any lien on the real property that is in parity with the Mortgage Loan) after the release is not equal to at least 80% of the principal balance of the Mortgage Loan (together with any related Pari Passu Companion Loans) outstanding after the release, the Mortgagor is required to make a payment of principal in an amount not less than the amount required by the REMIC Provisions.
In the case of any Mortgage Loan, in the event of a taking of any portion of a Mortgaged Property by a State or any political subdivision or authority thereof, whether by legal proceeding or by agreement, the Mortgagor can be required to pay down the principal balance of the Mortgage Loan (together with any related Pari Passu Companion Loans) in an amount not less than the amount required by the REMIC Provisions and, to such extent, the award from any such taking may not be required to be applied to the restoration of the Mortgaged Property or released to the borrower, if, immediately after the release of such portion of the Mortgaged Property from the lien of the mortgage (but taking into account
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the planned restoration) the fair market value of the real property constituting the remaining Mortgaged Property (reduced by (1) the amount of any lien on the real property that is senior to the Mortgage Loan and (2) a proportionate amount of any lien on the real property that is in parity with the Mortgage Loan) is not equal to at least 80% of the remaining principal balance of the Mortgage Loan (together with any related Pari Passu Companion Loans).
No such Mortgage Loan that is secured by more than one Mortgaged Property or that is cross-collateralized with another Mortgage Loan permits the release of cross-collateralization of the related Mortgaged Properties or a portion thereof, including due to a partial condemnation, other than in compliance with the REMIC Provisions.
30. Financial Reporting and Rent Rolls. Each Mortgage Loan requires the Mortgagor to provide the owner or holder of the Mortgage Loan with (a) quarterly (other than for single-tenant properties) and annual operating statements, (b) quarterly (other than for single-tenant properties) rent rolls for properties that have any individual lease which accounts for more than 5% of the in-place base rent, and (c) annual financial statements.
31. Acts of Terrorism Exclusion. With respect to each Mortgage Loan over $20 million, and to the Mortgage Loan Seller’s knowledge with respect to each Mortgage Loan of $20 million or less, as of origination the related special-form all-risk insurance policy and business interruption policy (issued by an insurer meeting the Insurance Rating Requirements) do not specifically exclude Acts of Terrorism, as defined in the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002, as amended by the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2007 and the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2015 (collectively referred to as “TRIA”), from coverage, or if such coverage is excluded, it is covered by a separate terrorism insurance policy. With respect to each Mortgage Loan, the related Mortgage Loan documents do not expressly waive or prohibit the mortgagee from requiring coverage for Acts of Terrorism, as defined in TRIA, or damages related thereto, except to the extent that any right to require such coverage may be limited by commercial availability on commercially reasonable terms, or as otherwise indicated on Annex D-2; provided that if TRIA or a similar or subsequent statute is not in effect, then, provided that terrorism insurance is commercially available, the Mortgagor under each Mortgage Loan is required to carry terrorism insurance, but in such event the Mortgagor shall not be required to spend on terrorism insurance coverage more than two times the amount of the insurance premium that is payable in respect of the property and business interruption/rental loss insurance required under the related Mortgage Loan documents (without giving effect to the cost of terrorism and earthquake components of such casualty and business interruption/rental loss insurance) at the time of the origination of the Mortgage Loan, and if the cost of terrorism insurance exceeds such amount, the Mortgagor is required to purchase the maximum amount of terrorism insurance available with funds equal to such amount.
32. Due on Sale or Encumbrance. Subject to specific exceptions set forth below, each Mortgage Loan contains a “due-on-sale” or other such provision for the acceleration of the payment of the unpaid principal balance of such Mortgage Loan if, without the consent of the holder of the mortgage (which consent, in some cases, may not be unreasonably withheld) and/or complying with the requirements of the related Mortgage Loan documents (which provide for transfers without the consent of the lender which are customarily acceptable to the Mortgage Loan Seller, including, but not limited to, transfers of worn-out or obsolete furnishings, fixtures, or equipment promptly replaced with property of equivalent value and functionality and transfers by leases entered into in accordance with the Mortgage Loan documents), (a) the related Mortgaged Property, or any equity interest of greater than 50% in the related Mortgagor, is directly or indirectly pledged, transferred or
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sold, other than as related to (i) family and estate planning transfers or transfers upon death or legal incapacity, (ii) transfers to certain affiliates as defined in the related Mortgage Loan documents, (iii) transfers of less than, or other than, a controlling interest in a Mortgagor, (iv) transfers to another holder of direct or indirect equity in the Mortgagor, a specific Person designated in the related Mortgage Loan documents or a Person satisfying specific criteria identified in the related Mortgage Loan documents, (v) transfers of common stock in publicly traded companies or (vi) a substitution or release of collateral within the parameters of paragraphs 29 and 34 herein, or (vii) by reason of any mezzanine debt that existed at the origination of the related Mortgage Loan, or future permitted mezzanine debt, in any event as set forth on the tables, as applicable, under “Description of the Mortgage Pool—Additional Indebtedness—Mezzanine Indebtedness” in this prospectus or (b) the related Mortgaged Property is encumbered with a subordinate lien or security interest against the related Mortgaged Property, other than (i) any Companion Loan of any Mortgage Loan or any subordinate debt that existed at origination and is permitted under the related Mortgage Loan documents, (ii) purchase money security interests (iii) any Mortgage Loan that is cross-collateralized and cross-defaulted with another Mortgage Loan as set forth on an exhibit to the related MLPA or (iv) Permitted Encumbrances. The Mortgage or other Mortgage Loan documents provide that to the extent any Rating Agency fees are incurred in connection with the review of and consent to any transfer or encumbrance, the Mortgagor is responsible for such payment along with all other reasonable fees and expenses incurred by the Mortgagee relative to such transfer or encumbrance.
33. Single-Purpose Entity. Each Mortgage Loan requires the Mortgagor to be a Single-Purpose Entity for at least as long as the Mortgage Loan is outstanding. Each Mortgage Loan with a Cut-off Date Balance of $30 million or more has a counsel’s opinion regarding non-consolidation of the Mortgagor. For this purpose, a “Single-Purpose Entity” shall mean an entity, other than an individual, whose organizational documents and the related Mortgage Loan documents (or if the Mortgage Loan has a Cut-off Date Balance equal to $10 million or less, its organizational documents or the related Mortgage Loan documents) provide substantially to the effect that it was formed or organized solely for the purpose of owning and operating one or more of the Mortgaged Properties and prohibit it from engaging in any business unrelated to such Mortgaged Property or Properties, and whose organizational documents further provide, or which entity represented in the related Mortgage Loan documents, substantially to the effect that it does not have any assets other than those related to its interest in and operation of such Mortgaged Property or Properties, or any indebtedness other than as permitted by the related mortgage(s) or the other related Mortgage Loan documents, that it has its own books and records and accounts separate and apart from those of any other person (other than a Mortgagor for a Mortgage Loan that is cross-collateralized and cross-defaulted with the related Mortgage Loan), and that it holds itself out as a legal entity, separate and apart from any other person or entity.
34. Defeasance. With respect to any Mortgage Loan that, pursuant to the Mortgage Loan documents, can be defeased (a “Defeasance”), (i) the Mortgage Loan documents provide for defeasance as a unilateral right of the Mortgagor, subject to satisfaction of conditions specified in the Mortgage Loan documents; (ii) the Mortgage Loan cannot be defeased within two years after the Closing Date; (iii) the Mortgagor is permitted to pledge only United States “government securities” within the meaning of Treasury Regulations Section 1.860G-2(a)(8)(ii), the revenues from which will be sufficient to make all scheduled payments under the Mortgage Loan when due, including the entire remaining principal balance on the maturity date (or on or after the first date on which payment may be made without payment of a yield maintenance charge or prepayment penalty) or, if the Mortgage Loan is an ARD Loan, the entire principal balance outstanding on the Anticipated Repayment Date (or on or after the first date on which payment may be made without payment of a
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yield maintenance charge or prepayment penalty), and if the Mortgage Loan permits partial releases of real property in connection with partial defeasance, the revenues from the collateral will be sufficient to pay all such scheduled payments calculated on a principal amount equal to a specified percentage at least equal to 110% of the allocated loan amount for the real property to be released; (iv) the defeasance collateral is not permitted to be subject to prepayment, call, or early redemption; (v) the Mortgagor is required to provide a certification from an independent certified public accountant that the collateral is sufficient to make all scheduled payments under the mortgage note as set forth in clause (iii) above; (vi) the defeased note and the defeasance collateral are required to be assumed by a Single-Purpose Entity; (vii) the Mortgagor is required to provide an opinion of counsel that the Trustee has a perfected security interest in such collateral prior to any other claim or interest; and (viii) the Mortgagor is required to pay all rating agency fees associated with defeasance (if rating confirmation is a specific condition precedent thereto) and all other reasonable expenses associated with defeasance, including, but not limited to, accountant’s fees and opinions of counsel.
35. Fixed Interest Rates. Each Mortgage Loan bears interest at a rate that remains fixed throughout the remaining term of such Mortgage Loan, except in the case of ARD Loans and situations where default interest is imposed.
36. Ground Leases. For purposes of this Annex D-1, a “Ground Lease” shall mean a lease creating a leasehold estate in real property where the fee owner as the ground lessor conveys for a term or terms of years its entire interest in the land and buildings and other improvements, if any, comprising the premises demised under such lease to the ground lessee (who may, in certain circumstances, own the building and improvements on the land), subject to the reversionary interest of the ground lessor as fee owner.
With respect to any Mortgage Loan where the Mortgage Loan is secured by a Ground Leasehold estate in whole or in part, and the related mortgage does not also encumber the related lessor’s fee interest in such Mortgaged Property, based upon the terms of the Ground Lease and any estoppel or other agreement received from the ground lessor in favor of Mortgage Loan Seller, its successors and assigns (collectively, the “Ground Lease and Related Documents”), Mortgage Loan Seller represents and warrants that:
(a) The Ground Lease or a memorandum regarding such Ground Lease has been duly recorded or submitted for recordation in a form that is acceptable for recording in the applicable jurisdiction. The Ground Lease and Related Documents permit the interest of the lessee to be encumbered by the related mortgage and do not restrict the use of the related Mortgaged Property by such lessee, its successors or assigns in a manner that would materially adversely affect the security provided by the related mortgage. No material change in the terms of the Ground Lease had occurred since its recordation, except by any written instruments which are included in the related mortgage file;
(b) The lessor under such Ground Lease has agreed in a writing included in the related mortgage file (or in such Ground Lease and Related Documents) that the Ground Lease may not be amended, modified, canceled or terminated by agreement of lessor and lessee without the prior written consent of the lender and that any such action without such consent is not binding on the lender, its successors or assigns, provided that lender has provided lessor with notice of its lien in accordance with the terms of the Ground Lease;
(c) The Ground Lease has an original term (or an original term plus one or more optional renewal terms, which, under all circumstances, may be exercised, and will be enforceable, by either borrower or the mortgagee) that extends not less than 20 years beyond the stated maturity of the related Mortgage Loan, or 10 years past the stated maturity if such
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Mortgage Loan fully amortizes by the stated maturity (or with respect to a Mortgage Loan that accrues on an actual 360 basis, substantially amortizes);
(d) The Ground Lease either (i) is not subject to any interests, estates, liens or encumbrances superior to, or of equal priority with, the mortgage, except for the related fee interest of the ground lessor and the Permitted Encumbrances and Title Exceptions; or (ii) is the subject of a subordination, non-disturbance or attornment agreement or similar agreement to which the mortgagee on the lessor’s fee interest is subject;
(e) Subject to the notice requirements of the Ground Lease and Related Documents, the Ground Lease does not place commercially unreasonable restrictions on the identity of the mortgagee and the Ground Lease is assignable to the holder of the Mortgage Loan and its successors and assigns without the consent of the lessor thereunder (or, if such consent is required it either has been obtained or cannot be unreasonably withheld, provided that such Ground Lease has not been terminated and all amounts due thereunder have been paid), and in the event it is so assigned, it is further assignable by the holder of the Mortgage Loan and its successors and assigns without the consent of the lessor (or, if such consent is required it either has been obtained or cannot be unreasonably withheld, provided that such Ground Lease has not been terminated and all amounts due thereunder have been paid);
(f) The Mortgage Loan Seller has not received any written notice of material default under or notice of termination of such Ground Lease. To the Mortgage Loan Seller’s knowledge, there is no material default under such Ground Lease and no condition that, but for the passage of time or giving of notice, would result in a material default under the terms of such Ground Lease and to the Mortgage Loan Seller’s knowledge, such Ground Lease is in full force and effect as of the Closing Date;
(g) The Ground Lease and Related Documents require the lessor to give to the lender written notice of any default, provides that no notice of default or termination is effective against the lender unless such notice is given to the lender;
(h) A lender is permitted a reasonable opportunity (including, where necessary, sufficient time to gain possession of the interest of the lessee under the Ground Lease through legal proceedings) to cure any default under the Ground Lease which is curable after the lender’s receipt of notice of any default before the lessor may terminate the Ground Lease;
(i) The Ground Lease does not impose any restrictions on subletting that would be viewed as commercially unreasonable by the Mortgage Loan Seller in connection with the origination of similar commercial or multifamily loans intended for securitization;
(j) Under the terms of the Ground Lease and Related Documents, any related insurance proceeds or the portion of the condemnation award allocable to the ground lessee’s interest (other than in respect of a total or substantially total loss or taking as addressed in subpart (k)) will be applied either to the repair or to restoration of all or part of the related Mortgaged Property with (so long as such proceeds are in excess of the threshold amount specified in the related Mortgage Loan documents) the lender or a trustee appointed by it having the right to hold and disburse such proceeds as repair or restoration progresses, or to the payment of the outstanding principal balance of the Mortgage Loan, together with any accrued interest;
(k) In the case of a total or substantially total taking or loss, under the terms of the Ground Lease and Related Documents, any related insurance proceeds, or portion of the condemnation award allocable to ground lessee’s interest in respect of a total or
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substantially total loss or taking of the related Mortgaged Property to the extent not applied to restoration, will be applied first to the payment of the outstanding principal balance of the Mortgage Loan, together with any accrued interest; and
(l) Provided that the lender cures any defaults which are susceptible to being cured, the ground lessor has agreed to enter into a new lease with lender upon termination of the Ground Lease for any reason, including rejection of the Ground Lease in a bankruptcy proceeding.
37. Servicing. The servicing and collection practices used by the Mortgage Loan Seller with respect to the Mortgage Loan have been, in all respects, legal and have met customary industry standards for servicing of commercial loans for conduit loan programs.
38. Origination and Underwriting. The origination practices of the Mortgage Loan Seller (or the related originator if the Mortgage Loan Seller was not the originator) with respect to each Mortgage Loan have been, in all material respects, legal and as of the date of its origination, such Mortgage Loan and the origination thereof complied in all material respects with, or was exempt from, all requirements of federal, state or local law relating to the origination of such Mortgage Loan; provided that such representation and warranty does not address or otherwise cover any matters with respect to federal, state or local law otherwise covered in this Annex D-1.
39. Intentionally Omitted.
40. No Material Default; Payment Record. No Mortgage Loan has been more than 30 days delinquent, without giving effect to any grace or cure period, in making required payments in the prior 12 months (or since origination if such Mortgage Loan has been originated within the past 12 months), and as of Cut-off Date, no Mortgage Loan is delinquent (beyond any applicable grace or cure period) in making required payments. To the Mortgage Loan Seller’s knowledge, there is (a) no material default, breach, violation or event of acceleration existing under the related Mortgage Loan, or (b) no event (other than payments due but not yet delinquent) which, with the passage of time or with notice and the expiration of any grace or cure period, would constitute a material default, breach, violation or event of acceleration, which default, breach, violation or event of acceleration, in the case of either clause (a) or clause (b), materially and adversely affects the value of the Mortgage Loan or the value, use or operation of the related Mortgaged Property; provided, however, that this representation and warranty does not cover any default, breach, violation or event of acceleration that specifically pertains to or arises out of an exception scheduled to any other representation and warranty made by the Mortgage Loan Seller in this Annex D-1. No person other than the holder of such Mortgage Loan may declare any event of default under the Mortgage Loan or accelerate any indebtedness under the Mortgage Loan documents.
41. Bankruptcy. As of the date of origination of the related Mortgage Loan and to the Mortgage Loan Seller’s knowledge as of the Cut-off Date, neither the Mortgaged Property (other than any tenants of such Mortgaged Property), nor any portion thereof, is the subject of, and no Mortgagor, guarantor or tenant occupying a single-tenant property is a debtor in state or federal bankruptcy, insolvency or similar proceeding.
42. Organization of Mortgagor. With respect to each Mortgage Loan, in reliance on certified copies of the organizational documents of the Mortgagor delivered by the Mortgagor in connection with the origination of such Mortgage Loan, the Mortgagor is an entity organized under the laws of a state of the United States of America, the District of Columbia or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Except with respect to any Mortgage Loan
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that is cross-collateralized and cross-defaulted with another Mortgage Loan, no Mortgage Loan has a Mortgagor that is an Affiliate of another Mortgagor. An “Affiliate” for purposes of this paragraph (42) means, a Mortgagor that is under direct or indirect common ownership and control with another Mortgagor.
43. Environmental Conditions. A Phase I environmental site assessment (or update of a previous Phase I and or Phase II environmental site assessment) and, with respect to certain Mortgage Loans, a Phase II environmental site assessment (collectively, an “ESA”) meeting ASTM requirements conducted by a reputable environmental consultant in connection with such Mortgage Loan within 12 months prior to its origination date (or an update of a previous ESA was prepared), and such ESA (i) did not identify the existence of recognized environmental conditions (as such term is defined in ASTM E1527-05 or its successor, hereinafter “Environmental Condition”) at the related Mortgaged Property or the need for further investigation, or (ii) if the existence of an Environmental Condition or need for further investigation was indicated in any such ESA, then at least one of the following statements is true: (A) an amount reasonably estimated by a reputable environmental consultant to be sufficient to cover the estimated cost to cure any material noncompliance with applicable Environmental Laws or the Environmental Condition has been escrowed by the related Mortgagor and is held or controlled by the related lender; (B) if the only Environmental Condition relates to the presence of asbestos-containing materials, radon in indoor air, lead based paint or lead in drinking water, the only recommended action in the ESA is the institution of such a plan, an operations or maintenance plan has been required to be instituted by the related Mortgagor that can reasonably be expected to mitigate the identified risk; (C) the Environmental Condition identified in the related environmental report was remediated or abated in all material respects prior to the date hereof, and, if and as appropriate, a no further action or closure letter was obtained from the applicable governmental regulatory authority (or the environmental issue affecting the related Mortgaged Property was otherwise listed by such governmental authority as “closed” or a reputable environmental consultant has concluded that no further action is required); (D) an environmental policy or a lender’s pollution legal liability insurance policy meeting the requirements set forth below that covers liability for the identified circumstance or condition was obtained from an insurer rated no less than “A-” (or the equivalent) by Moody’s, S&P and/or Fitch; (E) a party not related to the Mortgagor was identified as the responsible party for such condition or circumstance and such responsible party has financial resources reasonably estimated to be adequate to address the situation; or (F) a party related to the Mortgagor having financial resources reasonably estimated to be adequate to address the situation is required to take action. To the Mortgage Loan Seller’s knowledge, except as set forth in the ESA, there is no Environmental Condition (as such term is defined in ASTM E1527-05 or its successor) at the related Mortgaged Property.
44. Intentionally Omitted.
45. Appraisal. The mortgage file contains an appraisal of the related Mortgaged Property with an appraisal date within 6 months of the Mortgage Loan origination date, and within 12 months of the Cut-off Date. The appraisal is signed by an appraiser that (i) was engaged directly by the originator of the Mortgage Loan or the Mortgage Loan Seller, or a correspondent or agent of the originator of the Mortgage Loan or the Mortgage Loan Seller, and (ii) to the Mortgage Loan Seller’s knowledge, had no interest, direct or indirect, in the Mortgaged Property or the Mortgagor or in any loan made on the security thereof, and whose compensation is not affected by the approval or disapproval of the Mortgage Loan. Each appraiser has represented in such appraisal or in a supplemental letter that the appraisal satisfies the requirements of the “Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice” as adopted by the Appraisal Standards Board of the Appraisal Foundation.
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46. Mortgage Loan Schedule. The information pertaining to each Mortgage Loan which is set forth in the Mortgage Loan Schedule attached as an exhibit to the related MLPA is true and correct in all material respects as of the Cut-off Date and contains all information required by the Pooling and Servicing Agreement to be contained therein.
47. Cross-Collateralization. No Mortgage Loan is cross-collateralized or cross-defaulted with any other mortgage loan that is outside the Mortgage Pool, except in the case of a Mortgage Loan that is part of a Whole Loan.
48. Advance of Funds by the Mortgage Loan Seller. Except for loan proceeds advanced at the time of loan origination or other payments contemplated by the Mortgage Loan documents, no advance of funds has been made by the Mortgage Loan Seller to the related Mortgagor, and no funds have been received from any person other than the related Mortgagor or an affiliate, directly, or, to the knowledge of the Mortgage Loan Seller, indirectly for, or on account of, payments due on the Mortgage Loan. Neither the Mortgage Loan Seller nor any affiliate thereof has any obligation to make any capital contribution to any Mortgagor under a Mortgage Loan, other than contributions made on or prior to the date hereof.
49. Compliance with Anti-Money Laundering Laws. The Mortgage Loan Seller has complied in all material respects with all applicable anti-money laundering laws and regulations, including without limitation the USA Patriot Act of 2001 with respect to the origination of the Mortgage Loan.
For purposes of this Annex D-1, “Mortgagee” means the mortgagee, grantee or beneficiary under any Mortgage, any holder of legal title to any portion of any Mortgage Loan or, if applicable, any agent or servicer on behalf of such party.
For purposes of these representations and warranties, the phrases “the sponsor’s knowledge” or “the sponsor’s belief” and other words and phrases of like import mean, except where otherwise expressly set forth in these representations and warranties, the actual state of knowledge or belief of the sponsor, its officers and employees directly responsible for the underwriting, origination, servicing or sale of the Mortgage Loans regarding the matters expressly set forth in these representations and warranties.
D-1-17
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D-1-18
ANNEX D-2
EXCEPTIONS TO MORTGAGE LOAN REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association | |||
Rep. No. on Annex D-1 | Mortgage Loan and Number as Identified on Annex A-1 | Description of Exception | |
2 | The Shops at Crystals (Loan No. 1) | The Mortgaged Property is security for 22 pari passu senior loans aggregating $382,700,000 and 9 subordinate loans aggregating $167,300,000. The senior loan to borrower is secured on a pari passu basis by various notes: (i) Note A-1-A in the amount of $44,800,000 and Note B-1-A in the amount of $8,280,000 payable to JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.; (ii) Note A-2-A in the amount of $33,600,000 and Note B-2-A in the amount of $6,210,000 payable to Bank of America, N.A.; (iii) Note A-3-A in the amount of $33,600,000 and Note B-3-A in the amount of $6,210,000 payable to Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.; (iv) Note A-1-B-1 in the amount of $42,180,000, Note A-1-B-2 in the amount of $42,180,000, Note B-1-B-1 in the amount of $7,820,000 and Note B-1-B-2 in the amount of $7,820,000 payable to JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.; (v) Note A-2-B-1 in the amount of $29,526,000, Note A-2-B-2 in the amount of $25,308,000, Note A-2-B-3 in the amount of $8,436,000, Note B-2-B-1 in the amount of $5,474,000, Note B-2-B-2 in the amount of $4,692,000 and Note B-2-B-3 in the amount of $1,564,000 payable to Bank of America, N.A.; (vi) Note A-3-B-1 in the amount of $29,526,000, Note A-3-B-2 in the amount of $25,308,000, Note A-3-B-3 in the amount of $8,436,000, Note B-3-B-1 in the amount of $5,474,000, Note B-3-B-2 in the amount of $4,692,000 and Note B-3-B-3 in the amount of $1,564,000 payable to Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. The junior loan to borrower is evidenced by various notes: (vii) Note C-1 in the amount of $20,280,000, Note D-1 in the amount of $25,520,000 and Note E-1 in the amount of $21,120,000 payable to JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.; (viii) Note C-2 in the amount of $15,210,000, Note D-2 in the amount of $19,140,000 and Note E-2 in the amount of $15,840,000 payable to Bank of America, N.A.; and (ix) Note C-3 in the amount of $15,210,000, Note D-3 in the amount of $19,140,000 and Note E-3 in the amount of $15,840,000 payable to Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. Wells Fargo is contributing A-3-B-2, A-3-B-3, B-3-B-2 and B-3-B-3 to the WFCM 2016-BNK1 Trust. |
D-2-1
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association | |||
Rep. No. on Annex D-1 | Mortgage Loan and Number as Identified on Annex A-1 | Description of Exception | |
The notes identified in clauses (i), (ii), (iii), (vii), (viii) and (ix) above have been contributed to the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL securitization. The loan will be serviced pursuant to the Pooling and Servicing Agreement for the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL securitization. Notes A-3-B-1 and B-3-B-1 are expected to be included in a future securitization; however, the lender makes no assurances that any non-securitized Note will not be further split or otherwise re-combined. | |||
2 | Pinnacle II (Loan No. 5) | $87,000,000 senior loan to borrower is secured on a pari passu basis by various notes (Note A-1 in the amount of $40,000,000, Note A-2 in the amount of $20,000,000, and Note A-3 in the amount of $27,000,000). Wells Fargo is contributing Note A-1 to the WFCM 2016-BNK1 Trust. The loan will be serviced pursuant to the Pooling and Servicing Agreement for the WFCM 2016-BNK1 Trust. Note A-2 has been included in the WFCM 2016-C35 Trust. Note A-3 is expected to be included in a future securitization; however, the lender makes no assurances that any non-securitized Note will not be further split or otherwise re-combined. | |
2 | One Penn Center (Loan No. 8) | $68,000,000 senior loan to borrower is secured on a pari passu basis by various notes (Note A-1 in the amount of $35,000,000, and Note A-2 in the amount of $33,000,000). Wells Fargo is contributing Note A-1 to the WFCM 2016-BNK1 Trust. The loan will be serviced pursuant to the Pooling and Servicing Agreement for the WFCM 2016-BNK1 Trust. Note A-2 is expected to be included in a future securitization; however, the lender makes no assurances that any non-securitized Note will not be further split or otherwise re-combined. | |
8 | Renaissance Dallas (Loan No. 4) | Property manager (Renaissance Hotel Management Company, LLC) has Right of First Offer (ROFO) to purchase its building if borrower decides to market the property for sale. The ROFO is not extinguished by foreclosure; however, the ROFO does not apply to foreclosure or deed-in-lieu thereof. | |
8 | Pinnacle II (Loan No. 5) | Warner Brothers Entertainment, Inc. (single tenant) has Right of First Offer (ROFO) to purchase its building if borrower decides to market the property for sale. The ROFO is not extinguished by foreclosure; however, the |
D-2-2
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association | |||
Rep. No. on Annex D-1 | Mortgage Loan and Number as Identified on Annex A-1 | Description of Exception | |
ROFO does not apply to foreclosure or deed-in-lieu thereof. | |||
8 | Brewers Hill (Loan No. 6) | Maryland Department of Environment (MDE) issued conditional “No Further Remediation” letter with respect to mortgaged property, pursuant to which the property is subject to land use restrictions and engineering controls that permit commercial or industrial uses but prohibit use of groundwater beneath the property and impose notice and approval requirements prior to surface-disturbing activities. The mortgaged property is served by public water. | |
8 | 633 Third Avenue – Retail Condo (Loan No. 11) | The mortgaged property is comprised of the retail portion of a retail/ office condominium building. The mortgaged property comprises 4.278% of the total condominium. The borrower has neither affirmative control of the owners’ association nor the ability to block the association’s decision except with respect to changes to the use of any unit or the easements related thereto, which require the consent of both the owner and registered lenders. The condominium regime was established in 1995. The loan documents provide that the borrower and guarantor have personal liability for losses related to certain condominium-related covenants, including failure to pay condominium charges. The guarantor’s stated net worth/ liquidity as of June 2, 2016 was $441.6 million/ $24.1 million. | |
8 | Homewood Suites Del Mar (Loan No. 18) | Franchisor (HLT Existing Franchise Holding, LLC) has Right of First Offer (ROFO) to purchase its building if borrower decides to market the property for sale. The ROFO is not extinguished by foreclosure; however, the ROFO does not apply to foreclosure or deed-in-lieu thereof. | |
18 | The Shops at Crystals (Loan No. 1) | (i) Property Insurance Deductible. The loan documents permit a property insurance deductible of up to $500,000. The in-place property insurance deductible is $250,000. The aggregate loan amount is $550,000,000 ($382,700,000 senior and $167,300,000 subordinate). (ii) Insurance Syndicate. The loan documents permit required insurance to be provided by a syndicate, subject to certain conditions, including: (A) first layer of syndicated coverage shall be provided |
D-2-3
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association | |||
Rep. No. on Annex D-1 | Mortgage Loan and Number as Identified on Annex A-1 | Description of Exception | |
by carriers with minimum S&P financial strength rating of “A”, (B) 60% (if five or more) or 75% (if four or fewer) of aggregate policy limits must be provided by carriers with minimum S&P financial strength rating of “A”, and (C) each carrier in syndicate must have minimum S&P financial strength rating of “BBB”. | |||
18 | Renaissance Dallas (Loan No. 4) | The mortgaged property is insured pursuant to Marriott’s Global Property Insurance Program, which permits a $500,000 self-insured retention for liability coverage. | |
18 | 633 Third Avenue – Retail Condo (Loan No. 11) | The mortgaged property is comprised of the retail portion of a retail/ office condominium building. The mortgaged property comprises 4.278% of the total condominium. In the event of casualty, the disbursement of available insurance proceeds would be controlled by the association’s board of managers or an insurance trustee approved by it. | |
18 | Southland Terrace Shopping Center (Loan No. 21) | CVS Pharmacy (pad site tenant) is leased fee, where tenant or other non-borrower party constructed improvements and either maintains its own insurance or self-insures. Subject to applicable restoration obligations, casualty proceeds are payable to tenant or other non-borrower party and/or its leasehold mortgagee. | |
18 | Nassau Bay Town Square (Loan No. 22) | Motor bank facility portion of Texas Citizens Bank leasehold (#2 tenant) is leased fee, where tenant or other non-borrower party constructed improvements and either maintains its own insurance or self-insures. Subject to applicable restoration obligations, casualty proceeds are payable to tenant or other non-borrower party and/or its leasehold mortgagee. | |
18 | Bonanza Square (Loan No. 31) | Burger King (pad site tenant) is leased fee, where tenant or other non-borrower party constructed improvements and either maintains its own insurance or self-insures. Subject to applicable restoration obligations, casualty proceeds are payable to tenant or other non-borrower party and/or its leasehold mortgagee. | |
18 | Shopko – Redding | (i) Lease-Required Insurance. Borrower’s obligation to provide required insurance is suspended so long as |
D-2-4
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association | |||
Rep. No. on Annex D-1 | Mortgage Loan and Number as Identified on Annex A-1 | Description of Exception | |
(Loan No. 37) | single tenant provides lease-required insurance, among other things. The lease permits tenant’s third party insurance to be provided by a syndicate, subject to certain conditions, including: (A) first layer of syndicated coverage shall be provided by carriers with minimum S&P financial strength rating of “A”, (B) 60% (if five or more) or 75% (if four or fewer) of aggregate policy limits must be provided by carriers with minimum S&P financial strength rating of “A”, and (C) each carrier in syndicate must have minimum S&P financial strength rating of “BBB”. (ii) Tenant Control of Disbursement of Available Casualty Proceeds. Loan documents permit lease to control disbursement of available proceeds following casualty, subject to the lease’s being in full force and effect and tenant’s complying with lease-required disbursement provisions, among other things. (iii) Property and Liability Insurance Deductibles. The tenant-provided insurance approved by lender at closing currently has a $100,000 deductible for the property policy and a $250,000 deductible for the liability policy. | ||
28 | The Shops at Crystals (Loan No. 1) | No warm body carve-out guarantors [Simon Property Group, L.P. and ICRE REIT Holdings (an Invesco affiliate)]; Stated net worth/ liquidity (for Simon Property Group only) of $4.5 billion/ $701 million as of December 31, 2015. Variations: (i) Cap on Guaranteed Amount. The aggregate loan amount from JP Morgan Chase, Bank of America and Wells Fargo to borrower is $550,000,000 ($382,700,000 senior and $167,300,000 subordinate). The guarantors’ obligations under the Guaranty are capped at $110,000,000, plus reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses related to guaranty enforcement. The Phase I environmental site assessment performed in connection with loan origination did not identify any recognized environmental conditions. The aggregate LTV at origination was 50.0% (34.8% if based on senior debt only). (ii) Recourse for Prohibited Transfers Violations. The borrower and the guarantors will not have liability under the full recourse carve-out for transfers in violation of the Mortgage Loan documents or any loss carve-out in the Mortgage Loan documents, provided that the circumstance, event or condition which gave rise to the carve-out is attributable to one or more of the following: (A) insufficient revenue from the |
D-2-5
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association | |||
Rep. No. on Annex D-1 | Mortgage Loan and Number as Identified on Annex A-1 | Description of Exception | |
Mortgaged Property; (B) the borrower’s lack of access to revenue from the Mortgaged Property as the result of the lender’s exercise of remedies with respect to the Mortgaged Property’s cash flows; (C) the insolvency of the borrower or negative cash flow from the Mortgaged Property and/or the actual or constructive admission of the same by any means in any context; (D) the payment of the borrower’s debts and liabilities as they become due and payable from sources other than the Mortgaged Property; (E) the failure to pay the Mortgage Loan or other obligation or debts of the borrower, as the result of (A) through (C) above; or (F) the imposition of any lien or encumbrance on the Mortgaged Property by a creditor of the borrower through a judgment of exercise of statutory right, where such lien or encumbrance arises from the non-payment of amounts owing to such creditor as the result of (A) through (C) above. | |||
28 | Renaissance Dallas (Loan No. 4) | SPE borrower only on environmental carve-outs; however, $1,000,000 environmental insurance policy obtained in lieu of related carve-out from guarantor. The lender obtained a Phase I environmental site assessment, dated within 30 days of the loan origination, indicating no recognized environmental conditions affecting the mortgaged property. | |
31 | Shopko – Redding (Loan No. 37) | Borrower’s obligation to provide required insurance is suspended so long as single tenant provides lease-required insurance, among other things. Lease does not require terrorism or rent loss coverage; however, tenant has no right to rent abatement following casualty, and is obligated to restore irrespective of available insurance proceeds. Terrorism insurance is currently in-place. | |
42 | So Cal Self Storage – Northridge (Loan No. 24)
So Cal Self Storage – Rancho Santa Margarita (Loan No. 28)
So Cal Self Storage – Camarillo (Loan | The loans have affiliated borrowers but are not cross-defaulted or cross-collateralized. |
D-2-6
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association | |||
Rep. No. on Annex D-1 | Mortgage Loan and Number as Identified on Annex A-1 | Description of Exception | |
No. 33) | |||
43 | Renaissance Dallas (Loan No. 4) | SPE borrower only on environmental carve-outs; however, in lieu of an environmental carve-out from guarantor, the lender obtained a $1 million lender environmental collateral protection and liability-type environmental insurance policy from Steadfast Insurance Company, a member company of Zurich North America, with a 10-year term and a 3-year policy tail and having a $25,000 deductible. The full-term policy premium was paid at closing. The lender obtained a Phase I environmental site assessment, dated within 30 days of the loan origination, indicating no recognized environmental conditions affecting the mortgaged property. Zurich North America has an S&P rating of “AA-”. | |
43 | Southland Terrace Shopping Center (Loan No. 21) | The Phase I environmental site assessment obtained at loan origination identified a recognized environmental condition associated with an underground storage tank related to gas station operations at the property. Due to the UST’s age and the lack of subsurface investigation data, the Phase I ESA recommended a Phase II subsurface assessment. In lieu of a Phase II ESA, the lender obtained a $2 million premises environmental liability-type environmental insurance policy from Great American Insurance Company with a 13-year term (loan term is 10 years) and having a $25,000 deductible. The full-term policy premium was paid at closing. Great American has an S&P rating of “A+”. | |
43 | Bonanza Square (Loan No. 31) | The Phase I environmental site assessment obtained at loan origination identified a recognized environmental condition associated with a prior dry cleaning operation having on-site processing (the on-site processing was discontinued in 2003). In lieu of a Phase II ESA, the lender obtained a $2 million lender environmental collateral protection and liability-type environmental insurance policy from Steadfast Insurance Company, a member company of Zurich North America, with a 10-year term and a 3 year policy tail and having a $50,000 deductible. The full-term policy premium was paid at closing. Zurich North America has an S&P rating of “AA-”. |
D-2-7
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association | |||
Rep. No. on Annex D-1 | Mortgage Loan and Number as Identified on Annex A-1 | Description of Exception | |
43 | Shopko – Redding (Loan No. 37) | In lieu of obtaining a Phase I environmental site assessment, the lender obtained a $5,217,328 group lender environmental collateral protection and liability-type environmental insurance policy with $5,217,328 sublimit per claim from Steadfast Insurance Company, a member company of Zurich North America with a 10 year term (equal to the loan term) and a 3 year policy tail and having a $0 deductible. The full-term policy premium was paid at closing. Zurich North America has an S&P rating of “AA-”. |
D-2-8
Bank of America, National Association | ||
Rep. No. on Annex D-1 | Mortgage Loan and Number as Identified on Annex A-1 | Description of Exception |
2 | The Shops at Crystals (Loan No. 1) | The whole loan was co-originated by Bank of America, National Association (“BANA”), Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (“WFB”) and JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association (“JPMCB”) and has an outstanding principal balance as of the Cut-off Date of $550.0 million (“The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan”). Note A-2-B-2, Note A-2-B-3, Note A-3-B-2, Note A-3-B-3, Note B-2-B-2, Note B-2-B-3, Note B-3-B-2 and Note B-3-B-3 secure “The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan” and have an aggregate outstanding principal balance as of the Cut-off Date of $80.0 million. The Shops at Crystals Whole Loan is comprised of (i) two tranches of companion loans, each comprised of 11 pari passu notes (including “The Shops at Crystals Mortgage Loan”, the remaining notes in each such tranche secure “The Shops at Crystals Pari Passu Companion Loans”) and (ii) three subordinate companion loans, each comprised of three pari passu notes as described below. |
The table below describes the notes expected to be contributed to the Shops at Crystals Trust 2016-CSTL securitization. | ||
Note | Original Principal Balance | ||||||
Companion A Notes | |||||||
A-1-A | $44,800,000 | ||||||
A-2-A | $33,600,000 | ||||||
A-3-A | $33,600,000 | ||||||
Companion B Notes | |||||||
B-1-A | $8,280,000 | ||||||
B-2-A | $6,210,000 | ||||||
B-3-A | $6,210,000 | ||||||
Subordinate Companion C Notes | |||||||
C-1 | $20,280,000 | ||||||
C-2 | $15,210,000 | ||||||
C-3 | $15,210,000 | ||||||
Subordinate Companion D Notes | |||||||
D-1 | $25,520,000 | ||||||
D-2 | $19,140,000 | ||||||
D-3 | $19,140,000 | ||||||
Subordinate Companion E Notes | |||||||
E-1 | $21,120,000 | ||||||
E-2 | $15,840,000 | ||||||
E-3 | $15,840,000 | ||||||
The table below describes the notes expected to be contributed to the JPMCC 2016-JP2 securitization.
|
D-2-9
Bank of America, National Association | ||
Rep. No. on Annex D-1 | Mortgage Loan and Number as Identified on Annex A-1 | Description of Exception |
Note | Original Principal Balance | ||||||
Companion A Note | |||||||
A-1-B-1 | $42,180,000 | ||||||
Companion B Note | |||||||
B-1-B-1 | $7,820,000 | ||||||
The table below describes the notes expected to be contributed to the DBJPM 2016-C3 securitization. | |||||||
Note | Original Principal Balance | ||||||
Companion A Note | |||||||
A-1-B-2 | $42,180,000 | ||||||
Companion B Note | |||||||
B-1-B-2 | $7,820,000 | ||||||
The table below describes the remaining notes, which may be contributed to future securitizations. |
Note | Initial Companion Loan Holder | Original Principal Balance | |||||||
Companion A Notes | |||||||||
A-2-B-1 | BANA | $29,526,000 | |||||||
A-3-B-1 | WFB | $29,526,000 | |||||||
Companion B Notes | |||||||||
B-2-B-1 | BANA | $5,474,000 | |||||||
B-3-B-1 | WFB | $5,474,000 | |||||||
The related whole loan will be serviced pursuant to the trust and servicing agreement for the 2016-CSTL securitization. | |||||||||
2 | One Stamford Forum (Loan No. 3) | The related $110,000,000 whole loan to the related borrower is secured on a pari passu basis by two (2) notes in the following original principal amounts: Note A-1 in amount of $71,500,000 and Note A-2 in amount of $38,500,000. Note A-1 secures the “One Stamford Forum Mortgage Loan”. | |
Bank of America holds Note A-2, which is expected to be contributed to one or more future securitizations.
| |||
The related whole loan will be serviced pursuant to the pooling and servicing agreement for the WFCM 2016- BNK1 securitization. | |||
D-2-10
Bank of America, National Association | |||
Rep. No. on Annex D-1 | Mortgage Loan and Number as Identified on Annex A-1 | Description of Exception | |
2 | Simon Premium Outlets (Loan No. 7) | The related $105,000,000 whole loan to the related borrower is secured on a pari passu basis by three (3) notes in the following original principal amounts: Note A-1 in amount of $37,500,000, Note A-2 in amount of $35,000,000 and Note A-3 in amount of $32,500,000. Note A-1 secures the “Simon Premium Outlets Mortgage Loan”.
Bank of America holds Note A-2 and Note A-3, each of which is expected to be contributed to one or more future securitizations.
The related whole loan will be serviced pursuant to the pooling and servicing agreement for the WFCM 2016-BNK1 securitization.
| |
2 | FedEx – Atlanta, GA (Loan No. 13) | The related $28,400,000 whole loan to the related borrower is secured on a pari passu basis by two (2) notes in the following original principal amounts: Note A-1 in amount of $14,200,000 and Note A-2 in amount of $14,200,000. Note A-1 secures the “FedEx – Atlanta, GA Mortgage Loan”.
Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp., the co-originator of the related whole loan, holds Note A-2, which is expected to be contributed to the CGCMT 2016-P4 securitization.
The related whole loan will be serviced pursuant to the pooling and servicing agreement for the WFCM 2016-BNK1 securitization.
| |
2 | FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL (Loan No. 14) | The related $23,675,000 whole loan to the related borrower is secured on a pari passu basis by two (2) notes in the following original principal amounts: Note A-1 in amount of $11,837,500 and Note A-2 in amount of $11,837,500. Note A-1 secures the “FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL Mortgage Loan”.
Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp., the co-originator of the related whole loan, holds Note A-2, which is expected to be contributed to the CGCMT 2016-P4 |
D-2-11
Bank of America, National Association | |||
Rep. No. on Annex D-1 | Mortgage Loan and Number as Identified on Annex A-1 | Description of Exception | |
securitization.
The related whole loan will be serviced pursuant to the pooling and servicing agreement for the WFCM 2016-BNK1 securitization.
| |||
2 | FedEx – Fife, WA (Loan No. 15) | The related $40,250,000 whole loan to the related borrower is secured on a pari passu basis by two (2) notes in the following original principal amounts: Note A-1 in amount of $20,125,000 and Note A-2 in amount of $20,125,000. Note A-1 secures the “FedEx – Fife, WA Mortgage Loan”.
Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp., the co-originator of the related whole loan, holds Note A-2, which is expected to be contributed to the CGCMT 2016-P4 securitization.
The related whole loan will be serviced pursuant to the pooling and servicing agreement for the WFCM 2016-BNK1 securitization.
| |
2 | FedEx – Boulder, CO (Loan No. 29) | The related $18,450,000 whole loan to the related borrower is secured on a pari passu basis by two (2) notes in the following original principal amounts: Note A-1 in amount of $9,225,000 and Note A-2 in amount of $9,225,000. Note A-1 secures the “FedEx – Boulder, CO Mortgage Loan”.
Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp., the co-originator of the related whole loan, holds Note A-2, which is expected to be contributed to the CGCMT 2016-P4 securitization.
The related whole loan will be serviced pursuant to the pooling and servicing agreement for the WFCM 2016-BNK1 securitization.
| |
7 | Riverside University Village (Loan No. 12) | There is a senior lien on the Mortgaged Property evidenced by a deed of trust made by the borrower’s predecessor-in-interest in favor of the City of Riverside (successor-in-interest to the Redevelopment Agency of the City of Riverside) (the “DOT”). The DOT secured a |
D-2-12
Bank of America, National Association | |||
Rep. No. on Annex D-1 | Mortgage Loan and Number as Identified on Annex A-1 | Description of Exception | |
loan by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, which was paid off at origination, and secures the obligations of the borrower under a tax incremental shortfall agreement (the “Tax Shortfall Agreement”), pursuant to which the borrower is obligated to pay each year any shortfall amount equal to the difference between a threshold amount established by the City of Riverside minus actual property taxes incurred (“Tax Shortfall Amount”). Pursuant to the loan documents, amounts required to be deposited in the tax and insurance reserve for payment of property taxes will take into account any Tax Shortfall Amount owed under the Tax Shortfall Agreement, and the borrower and guarantor are personally liable for losses resulting from the borrower’s failure to pay or make required reserve deposits for property taxes (including any Tax Shortfall Amount), to the extent cash flow from the operation of the Mortgaged Property is sufficient to pay such amounts.
| |||
8 | The Shops at Crystals
One Stamford Forum
Simon Premium Outlets
FedEx – Atlanta, GA
FedEx – West Palm
FedEx – Fife, WA
FedEx – Boulder, | The related Mortgage Loan is cross-collateralized and cross-defaulted with the related companion loans.
|
D-2-13
Bank of America, National Association | |||
Rep. No. on Annex D-1 | Mortgage Loan and Number as Identified on Annex A-1 | Description of Exception | |
CO (Loan No. 29) | |||
8 | One Stamford Forum (Loan No. 3) | The second largest tenant, Purdue Pharma L.P., has a right of first offer to purchase the Mortgaged Property, which right is granted in the “wraparound” lease commencing on January 1, 2021 and expiring on June 30, 2031. However, tenant does not have any right of first offer to purchase the property so long as landlord has outstanding indebtedness secured by the property, and the right of first offer does not apply to the transfer of the property at a foreclosure sale or assignment in lieu thereof or by the holder of any mortgage financing (or its designee) following its acquisition of the property in connection with a foreclosure sale. | |
9 | FedEx – Atlanta, GA (Loan No. 13) | There is an intracompany loan, with an outstanding principal balance of approximately $8,761,412, secured by the equity interests in the related borrower among various affiliates of such borrower. Foreclosure on such intracompany loan would change ownership of the economic rights of such borrower, however, foreclosure would not change ownership of the borrower outside of such affiliates and such loan is not secured by the related Mortgaged Property. | |
9 | FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL (Loan No. 14) | There is an intracompany loan, with an outstanding principal balance of approximately $8,520,989, secured by the equity interests in the related borrower among various affiliates of such borrower. Foreclosure on such intracompany loan would change ownership of the economic rights of such borrower, however, foreclosure would not change ownership of the borrower outside of such affiliates and such loan is not secured by the related Mortgaged Property. | |
9 | FedEx – Fife, WA (Loan No. 15) | There is an intracompany loan, with an outstanding principal balance of approximately $11,891,802, secured by the equity interests in the related borrower among various affiliates of such borrower. Foreclosure on such intracompany loan would change ownership of the economic rights of such borrower, however, |
D-2-14
Bank of America, National Association | |||
Rep. No. on Annex D-1 | Mortgage Loan and Number as Identified on Annex A-1 | Description of Exception | |
foreclosure would not change ownership of the borrower outside of such affiliates and such loan is not secured by the related Mortgaged Property. | |||
9 | FedEx – Boulder, CO (Loan No. 29) | There is an additional intracompany loan, with an outstanding principal balance of approximately $5,381,084, secured by the equity interests in the related borrower among various affiliates of such borrower. Foreclosure on such intracompany loan would change ownership of the economic rights of such borrower, however, foreclosure would not change ownership of the borrower outside of such affiliates and such loan is not secured by the related Mortgaged Property. | |
18 | The Shops at Crystals (Loan No. 1) | The deductible for the all-risk special form property insurance and flood insurance may not exceed $500,000 (the deductible may also be higher than $500,000 if the borrower delivers a letter of credit for the difference between the actual deductible and the maximum deductible permitted by the Mortgage Loan documents).
The Mortgage Loan documents permit insurance through a syndicate of insurers, provided that at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the coverage (if there are four (4) or fewer members of the syndicate) or at least sixty percent (60%) of the coverage (if there are five (5) or more members of the syndicate) is with carriers having a claims paying ability rating of “A” or better by S&P, and the balance of the coverage is, in each case, provided by insurers with a claims paying ability rating of “BBB” or better by S&P.
| |
18 | FedEx – Atlanta, GA
FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL
FedEx – Fife, WA | The related Mortgage Loan documents permit the borrower to rely on the single tenant’s insurance, so long as the single tenant’s lease is in effect, no default has occurred under the lease, the tenant maintains a credit rating of at least “BBB” from S&P and the tenant maintains coverage acceptable to lender in its reasonable discretion; provided that the borrower must maintain the commercial general liability insurance, loss of rents or business interruption insurance and
|
D-2-15
Bank of America, National Association | |||
Rep. No. on Annex D-1 | Mortgage Loan and Number as Identified on Annex A-1 | Description of Exception | |
(Loan No. 15)
FedEx – Boulder, CO | terrorism insurance coverages required in the Mortgage Loan documents. | ||
18 | Simon Premium Outlets (Loan No. 7) | The related Mortgage Loan documents provide that the threshold at which the lender retains the right to hold and disburse insurance proceeds to be applied for repair or restoration is equal to (i) 5% of $54,000,000, $31,500,000, and $19,500,000 for Lee Premium Outlets, Gaffney Premium Outlets and Calhoun Premium Outlets, respectively, or (ii) during the continuance of a control event, 2.5% of $54,000,000, $31,500,000, and $19,500,000 for Lee Premium Outlets, Gaffney Premium Outlets and Calhoun Premium Outlets, respectively.
The related Mortgage Loan documents provide that all insurance policies provide that (A) if four (4) or less insurance companies issue the policies, then at least 75% of the insurance coverage represented by the policies must be provided by insurance companies with a claims paying ability rating of “A” or better by S&P, with no carrier below “BBB,” or (B) if five (5) or more insurance companies issue the policies, then at least sixty percent (60%) of the insurance coverage represented by the policies must be provided by insurance companies with a claims paying ability rating of “A” or better by S&P, with no carrier below “BBB.”
| |
18 | Brewster Business Park (Loan No. 30) | The related Mortgage Loan documents provide that the required insurance policies may be provided by an insurer with a financial strength rating of at least “A” and a financial size category of at least “VI” from Alfred M. Best Company, Inc. | |
18 | Passaic Self Storage
NC Storage Center Portfolio (Loan | The related Mortgage Loan documents provide that all insurance policies provide that (A) if four (4) or fewer insurance companies issue the policies in the first layer of coverage, then at least 75% of the insured amount must be provided by insurance companies with a claims paying ability rating of “A” or better by S&P |
D-2-16
Bank of America, National Association | |||
Rep. No. on Annex D-1 | Mortgage Loan and Number as Identified on Annex A-1 | Description of Exception | |
No. 40) | (and the equivalent ratings by Moody’s, Fitch and DBRS to the extent each such rating agency rates the insurance company and is rating the securities secured by the related Mortgage Loan), with no carrier below “BBB” or (B) if five (5) or more insurance companies issue the policies in the first layer of coverage, then at least 60% of the insured amount must be provided by insurance companies with a claims paying ability rating of “A” or better by S&P (and the equivalent ratings by Moody’s, Fitch and DBRS to the extent each such rating agency rates the insurance company and is rating the securities secured by the related Mortgage Loan), with no carrier below “BBB”. | ||
18 | Passaic Self Storage (Loan No. 39) | The deductible for windstorm/hail coverage is capped at 1% of the insurance replacement value of the Mortgaged Property (the “Windstorm Deductible”), whereas the deductible for all other perils is capped at the greater of $5,000 or 5% of the underwritten net cash flow as determined by the lender (the “All Other Perils Deductible”). In the event of a windstorm casualty, the borrower is obligated to pay the difference between the All Other Perils Deductible and the Windstorm Deductible, up to an amount equal to the $61,050 (“Windstorm Guarantee Amount”). The borrower has full recourse liability for any failure to pay the Windstorm Guarantee Amount in the event of a windstorm casualty. | |
28 | The Shops at Crystals (Loan No. 1) | The obligations and liabilities of the carveout guarantors is capped at $110,000,000 under the non-recourse carveout guaranty, plus all reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses (including court costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees) incurred by the lender in the enforcement of the guaranty or the preservations of the lender’s rights under the guaranty.
The borrower and the guarantors will not have liability under the full recourse carve-out for transfers in violation of the Mortgage Loan documents or any loss carve-out in the Mortgage Loan documents, provided that the circumstance, event or condition which gave rise to the carve-out is attributable to one or more of the following: (i) insufficient revenue from the |
D-2-17
Bank of America, National Association | |||
Rep. No. on Annex D-1 | Mortgage Loan and Number as Identified on Annex A-1 | Description of Exception | |
Mortgaged Property; (ii) the borrower’s lack of access to revenue from the Mortgaged Property as the result of the lender’s exercise of remedies with respect to the Mortgaged Property’s cash flows; (iii) the insolvency of the borrower or negative cash flow from the Mortgaged Property and/or the actual or constructive admission of the same by any means in any context; (iv) the payment of the borrower’s debts and liabilities as they become due and payable from sources other than the Mortgaged Property; (v) the failure to pay the Mortgage Loan or other obligation or debts of the borrower, as the result of (i) through (iii) above; or (vi) the imposition of any lien or encumbrance on the Mortgaged Property by a creditor of the borrower through a judgment of exercise of statutory right, where such lien or encumbrance arises from the non-payment of amounts owing to such creditor as the result of (i) through (iii) above. | |||
28
| All BANA Mortgage Loans except for The Shops at Crystals and Simon Premium Outlets (Loan Nos. 1 and 7) | The related Mortgage Loan documents do not use the exact phrase “intentional material physical waste” and the recourse liability of the related guarantor with respect to waste is generally limited to when there is sufficient cash flow from the operation of the Mortgaged Property to avoid such waste from occurring. | |
28 | Simon Premium Outlets (Loan No. 7) | For so long as Simon Property Group, L.P. is the guarantor, the Mortgage Loan documents cap the liability of the guarantor under the guaranty and the environmental indemnity agreement at 20% of the original principal balance of the related whole loan. | |
30 | Riverside University Village
Lakeview and Creek Run Business Park
| The related Mortgage Loan documents require delivery of annual operating statements of the Mortgaged Property, but do not require delivery of annual financial statements. |
D-2-18
Bank of America, National Association | |||
Rep. No. on Annex D-1 | Mortgage Loan and Number as Identified on Annex A-1 | Description of Exception | |
31 | Corporate Center at Kierland
U-Stor-It Lisle
Lakeview and Creek Run Business Park
| If the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002, as extended and modified by the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2007 or subsequent statute, extension, or reauthorization is not in effect, then the related borrower will not be required to spend on the premium for terrorism insurance coverage more than two times the amount of the insurance premium for a separate “Special Form” or “All Risks” policy or equivalent policy insuring only the related Mortgaged Property on a stand-alone basis under the related Mortgage Loan agreement (provided that the related borrower will be obligated to purchase the maximum amount of terrorism coverage available with funds equal to such cap to the extent such coverage is available). | |
33 | One Stamford Forum
Simon Premium Outlets
FedEx – Atlanta, GA
FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL
FedEx – Fife, WA
La Crosse Industrial
U-Stor-It Lisle
FedEx – Boulder, | The applicable borrower is a recycled single-purpose entity, however, the related borrower made standard representations and warranties, including backwards representations and warranties where required to complete coverage, and the recourse carveout guaranty includes coverage with respect to violations of such single-purpose entity representations and warranties.
|
D-2-19
Bank of America, National Association | |||
Rep. No. on Annex D-1 | Mortgage Loan and Number as Identified on Annex A-1 | Description of Exception | |
CO (Loan No. 29)
Brewster Business Park (Loan No. 30)
Passaic Self Storage | |||
33 | Simon Premium Outlets (Loan No. 7) | Each related borrower previously owned outparcels adjacent to the related Mortgaged Property (“Outparcels”). To mitigate the risk of using a recycled entity, the Outparcels were addressed in the environmental site assessments prepared with respect to the Mortgaged Properties and, pursuant to the related environmental indemnity agreement, the borrowers and guarantor are obligated to indemnify the lender for losses related to environmental conditions with respect to the Outparcels to the same extent as its indemnification obligations thereunder with respect to the Mortgaged Properties. In addition, the non-consolidation opinion delivered in connection with the origination of the Mortgage Loan considered the borrowers’ past ownership of the related Other Property and such past ownership did not alter the conclusion of the opinion. | |
33 | FedEx – Atlanta, GA (Loan No. 13) | The related borrower previously owned a residential parcel adjacent to the Mortgaged Property (the “Residential Parcel”) and the Mortgaged Property was originally part of multiple parcels purchased by the borrower that were combined and then subdivided into 2 parcels, one parcel which is now the Mortgaged Property and an adjacent parcel (together with the Residential Parcel, the “Other Property”) that was transferred by the borrower prior to the origination of the Mortgage Loan. To mitigate the risk of using a recycled entity, the Other Property was addressed in the environmental site assessment prepared with respect to the Mortgaged Property, the borrower and guarantor are personally liable for any losses related to the borrower’s ownership of the Other Property, and the non-consolidation opinion delivered in connection |
D-2-20
Bank of America, National Association | |||
Rep. No. on Annex D-1 | Mortgage Loan and Number as Identified on Annex A-1 | Description of Exception | |
with the origination of the Mortgage Loan considered the borrower’s past ownership of the Other Property and such past ownership did not alter the conclusion of the opinion. | |||
34 | Simon Premium Outlets (Loan No. 7) | The borrower is required to deliver to the lender a certificate in form and scope which would be satisfactory to a prudent lender from an independent certified public accountant or defeasance consultant acceptable to the lender certifying that the defeasance collateral will generate amounts sufficient to make all payments of principal and interest due under the note. | |
42 | The Shops at Crystals (Loan No. 1)
Simon Premium Outlets
| The borrower with respect to each Mortgage Loan listed in the exception has common ownership with the borrowers in the other Mortgage Loans listed. | |
42 | FedEx – Atlanta, GA
FedEx – West Palm Beach, FL (Loan No. 14)
FedEx – Fife, WA
FedEx – Boulder, CO (Loan No. 29)
| The borrower with respect to each Mortgage Loan listed in the exception has common ownership with the borrowers in the other Mortgage Loans listed. |
D-2-21
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D-2-22
Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC | ||
Rep. No. on Annex D-1 | Mortgage Loan and Number as Identified on Annex A-1 | Description of Exception |
2
| Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ (Loan No. 2) | The related Mortgaged Property also secures additional pari passu promissory notes which have an aggregate original principal amount of $345,000,000. |
7
8
| West Crossing Shopping Center (Loan No. 38) | The Mortgaged Property is subject to special warranty deeds (the “Special Warranty Deeds”) that contain deed restrictions prohibiting certain uses, including but not limited to residential use or use as a place of worship, bed and breakfast facility, rooming house, hospital, nursing home or similar geriatric facility, child care facility, school, playground or recreational area (or any similar use to house, educate or provide care for children, the elderly or the infirm), any convenience type of food store, the retail sale of gasoline or diesel fuel or any other alternative fuel for motor vehicles, or agricultural use, any construction or installation of water wells for drinking or food processing, underground storage space, underground utility space, additional underground utility conduits, or basements or any underground living spaces. In addition, the Special Warranty Deeds contain various covenants regarding environmental matters, including covenants relating to ongoing monitoring, prohibitions on groundwater use, use of engineering controls to prevent the migration of vapors and/or liquids containing contamination into any buildings, underground utilities or storm water retention/detention ponds, including controls related to future construction. The Special Warranty Deeds also grant certain prior owners of the Mortgaged Property a reservation of access to the Mortgaged Property to undertake any environmental assessment, investigation, testing and remediation activities that such former owners deem necessary.. The Special Warranty Deeds also provide that certain prior owners of the Mortgaged Property (“Grantors”) have a repurchase option for a term of 90 years commencing on November 30, 2011 (in the case of the first such Grantor) and December 20, 2012 (in the case of the second such Grantor) in the event the restrictions are violated and are not cured by the party which purchased the Mortgaged Property from such prior owner (“Grantees”) within a 30 day period after notice |
D-2-23
Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC | ||
Rep. No. on Annex D-1 | Mortgage Loan and Number as Identified on Annex A-1 | Description of Exception |
is given to either the related Grantee of such Grantor or the current property owner. The environmental deed restrictions and covenants, and the related repurchase option, run with the land and are binding on the borrower under such Mortgage Loan. The purchase price for each such repurchase option is the greater of (i) the purchase price paid by the applicable Grantee for the Mortgaged Property or (ii) 90% of the fair market value of the Mortgaged Property as determined by the applicable Grantor at the time of issuance of such Grantor’s repurchase notice. Because the Special Warranty Deeds were recorded prior to the Mortgage relating to the Mortgaged Property, upon such a repurchase, the lien of the Mortgage on such Mortgaged Property would terminate. | ||
7
8
| Courtyard Marriott – Baldwin Park (Loan No. 17) | The franchisor has a right of first refusal to purchase the Mortgaged Property in certain circumstances. Such right of first refusal does not apply to a foreclosure or deed-in-lieu of foreclosure. |
18 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ (Loan No. 2) | The Mortgage Loan permits insurance to be provided under multilayered insurance policies, as to which, (i) if four or fewer insurance companies issue the insurance policies, 75% or more of the required coverage is required to be provided by insurance companies with a rating of “A” or better by S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”) and “A2” or better by Moody’s Investors Services, Inc. (“Moody’s”), to the extent Moody’s rates any securitization of the related Whole Loan and rates the insurance companies, and “A” or better by Fitch Ratings, Inc. (“Fitch”), to the extent Fitch rates any securitization of the related Whole Loan and rates the insurance companies, and the remaining 25% or less must be provided by insurance companies rated at least “BBB” by S&P and “Baa2” or better by Moody’s, to the extent Moody’s rates any securitization of the related Whole Loan and rates the insurance companies, and “BBB” or better by Fitch, to the extent Fitch rates any securitization of the related Whole Loan and rates the insurance companies and (ii) if five or more insurance companies issue the insurance policies, 60% or more of the required |
D-2-24
Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC | ||
Rep. No. on Annex D-1 | Mortgage Loan and Number as Identified on Annex A-1 | Description of Exception |
coverage is required to be provided by insurance companies with a rating of “A” or better by S&P and “A2” or better by Moody’s, to the extent Moody’s rates any securitization of the related Whole Loan and rates the insurance companies, and “A” or better by Fitch, to the extent Fitch rates any securitization of the related Whole Loan and rates the insurance companies, and the remaining 40% is required to be provided by insurance companies rated “BBB” or better by S&P and “Baa2” or better by Moody’s, to the extent Moody’s rates any securitization of the related Whole Loan and rates the insurance companies, and “BBB” or better by Fitch, to the extent Fitch rates any securitization of the related Whole Loan and rates the insurance companies.
| ||
18 | All MSMCH Mortgage Loans | The Mortgage Loan documents may allow the Mortgagor to obtain insurance from an insurer that does not meet the required rating if it obtains a “cut through endorsement” from an insurance company that meets the required rating. The Mortgage Loan documents may also allow the Mortgagor to obtain insurance from an insurer that does not meet the required rating if a parent company that owns at least 51% of the insurer has the required rating and use of such insurance is approved by the rating agencies.
The threshold for lender having the right to hold and disburse insurance proceeds may be based on 5% of the original principal amount rather than 5% of the outstanding principal amount.
In addition, all exceptions to Representation 31 set forth below for all MSMCH Mortgage Loans are also exceptions to this Representation 18.
|
27 | Westland Colonial Village Apartments (Loan No. 26)
South Main Shopping Center | The Mortgagors do not covenant that they shall keep all material licenses, permits, franchises, certificates of occupancy and applicable governmental approvals necessary for the operation of the Mortgaged Property in full force and effect; however, each Mortgagor covenants to comply with all laws and regulations affecting such Mortgagor and the related Mortgaged |
D-2-25
Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC | ||
Rep. No. on Annex D-1 | Mortgage Loan and Number as Identified on Annex A-1 | Description of Exception |
(Loan No. 34)
West Crossing Shopping Center | Property. | |
28 | All MSMCH Mortgage Loans | The Mortgage Loan documents may provide that there will not be recourse for waste to the extent that waste results from there being insufficient cash flow to satisfy operating expenses at the Mortgaged Property, which results in material physical waste to the Mortgaged Property or there being insufficient cash flow to prevent such waste. |
31 | Aurora Office Building (Loan No. 10) | The Mortgagor is not required to spend on terrorism insurance coverage more than two times the amount of the insurance premiums that are then payable in respect of the property and rental loss and/or business income insurance required under the Mortgage Loan documents (without giving effect to the cost of terrorism components of such property and rental loss and/or business income insurance). |
31 | South Main Shopping Center (Loan No. 34) | The insurance policy with respect to such Mortgaged Property does not cover domestic terrorism. |
31 | All MSMCH Mortgage Loans | The Mortgage Loan documents may allow terrorism insurance to be obtained from an insurer that is rated at least investment grade (i.e. “BBB-”) by S&P) and also rated at least “BBB-” by Fitch, and/or “Baa3 by Moody’s (if such rating agencies rate any securitization of such mortgage loans and also rate the insurer). |
31 | All MSMCH Mortgage Loans | All exceptions to Representation 18 are also exceptions to this Representation 31. |
34 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals | The defeasance collateral is permitted to be non-callable instruments other than United States |
D-2-26
Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC | ||
Rep. No. on Annex D-1 | Mortgage Loan and Number as Identified on Annex A-1 | Description of Exception |
HQ (Loan No. 2) | “government securities” within the meaning of Treasury Regulations Section 1.860G-2(a)(8)(ii), provided that the real estate mortgage investment conduit formed pursuant to a securitization of the related Whole Loan will not fail to maintain its status as a “real estate mortgage investment conduit” within the meaning of Section 860D of the Code and for which each rating agency rating a securitization of the related Whole Loan has delivered (except to the extent it has waived, declined, refused to review or otherwise engage a request to do so) a written affirmation that its ratings of the securities issued in such securitization will not be downgraded, qualified or withdrawn as a result of such event. | |
47 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals HQ (Loan No. 2) | The related Mortgaged Property also secures additional pari passu promissory notes which have an aggregate original principal amount of $345,000,000. |
D-2-27
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D-2-28
ANNEX E
CLASS A-SB PLANNED PRINCIPAL BALANCE SCHEDULE
Class A-SB Planned | Class A-SB Planned | |||||
Distribution Date | Principal Balance ($) | Distribution Date | Principal Balance ($) | |||
September 2016 | 45,766,000.00 | May 2021 | 45,766,000.00 | |||
October 2016 | 45,766,000.00 | June 2021 | 45,766,000.00 | |||
November 2016 | 45,766,000.00 | July 2021 | 45,766,000.00 | |||
December 2016 | 45,766,000.00 | August 2021 | 45,765,279.81 | |||
January 2017 | 45,766,000.00 | September 2021 | 44,930,033.82 | |||
February 2017 | 45,766,000.00 | October 2021 | 44,030,718.57 | |||
March 2017 | 45,766,000.00 | November 2021 | 43,188,642.43 | |||
April 2017 | 45,766,000.00 | December 2021 | 42,282,691.18 | |||
May 2017 | 45,766,000.00 | January 2022 | 41,433,731.56 | |||
June 2017 | 45,766,000.00 | February 2022 | 40,581,429.05 | |||
July 2017 | 45,766,000.00 | March 2022 | 39,545,085.51 | |||
August 2017 | 45,766,000.00 | April 2022 | 38,685,344.09 | |||
September 2017 | 45,766,000.00 | May 2022 | 37,762,229.67 | |||
October 2017 | 45,766,000.00 | June 2022 | 36,895,466.80 | |||
November 2017 | 45,766,000.00 | July 2022 | 35,965,530.52 | |||
December 2017 | 45,766,000.00 | August 2022 | 35,091,691.35 | |||
January 2018 | 45,766,000.00 | September 2022 | 34,214,410.73 | |||
February 2018 | 45,766,000.00 | October 2022 | 33,274,255.67 | |||
March 2018 | 45,766,000.00 | November 2022 | 32,389,816.61 | |||
April 2018 | 45,766,000.00 | December 2022 | 31,442,706.59 | |||
May 2018 | 45,766,000.00 | January 2023 | 30,551,053.18 | |||
June 2018 | 45,766,000.00 | February 2023 | 29,655,887.74 | |||
July 2018 | 45,766,000.00 | March 2023 | 28,580,675.93 | |||
August 2018 | 45,766,000.00 | April 2023 | 27,677,747.79 | |||
September 2018 | 45,766,000.00 | May 2023 | 26,712,674.20 | |||
October 2018 | 45,766,000.00 | June 2023 | 25,802,387.26 | |||
November 2018 | 45,766,000.00 | July 2023 | 24,830,164.04 | |||
December 2018 | 45,766,000.00 | August 2023 | 23,912,460.83 | |||
January 2019 | 45,766,000.00 | September 2023 | 22,991,142.36 | |||
February 2019 | 45,766,000.00 | October 2023 | 22,008,201.17 | |||
March 2019 | 45,766,000.00 | November 2023 | 21,079,380.24 | |||
April 2019 | 45,766,000.00 | December 2023 | 20,089,149.83 | |||
May 2019 | 45,766,000.00 | January 2024 | 19,152,767.82 | |||
June 2019 | 45,766,000.00 | February 2024 | 18,212,696.54 | |||
July 2019 | 45,766,000.00 | March 2024 | 17,154,149.72 | |||
August 2019 | 45,766,000.00 | April 2024 | 16,206,202.93 | |||
September 2019 | 45,766,000.00 | May 2024 | 15,197,390.27 | |||
October 2019 | 45,766,000.00 | June 2024 | 14,241,732.96 | |||
November 2019 | 45,766,000.00 | July 2024 | 13,225,428.92 | |||
December 2019 | 45,766,000.00 | August 2024 | 12,262,000.83 | |||
January 2020 | 45,766,000.00 | September 2024 | 11,294,776.27 | |||
February 2020 | 45,766,000.00 | October 2024 | 10,267,233.75 | |||
March 2020 | 45,766,000.00 | November 2024 | 9,292,148.02 | |||
April 2020 | 45,766,000.00 | December 2024 | 8,256,967.76 | |||
May 2020 | 45,766,000.00 | January 2025 | 7,273,959.41 | |||
June 2020 | 45,766,000.00 | February 2025 | 6,287,076.99 | |||
July 2020 | 45,766,000.00 | March 2025 | 5,128,695.71 | |||
August 2020 | 45,766,000.00 | April 2025 | 4,133,357.46 | |||
September 2020 | 45,766,000.00 | May 2025 | 3,078,500.28 | |||
October 2020 | 45,766,000.00 | June 2025 | 2,075,081.12 | |||
November 2020 | 45,766,000.00 | July 2025 | 1,012,372.72 | |||
December 2020 | 45,766,000.00 | August 2025 | 809.49 | |||
January 2021 | 45,766,000.00 | September 2025 and | ||||
February 2021 | 45,766,000.00 | thereafter | 0.00 | |||
March 2021 | 45,766,000.00 | |||||
April 2021 | 45,766,000.00 |
E-1
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E-2
No dealer, salesman or other person is authorized to give any information or to represent anything not contained in this prospectus. You must not rely on any unauthorized information or representations. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the securities offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. The information contained in this prospectus is current only as of its date.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Summary of Certificates | 3 |
Important Notice Regarding the Offered Certificates | 15 |
Important Notice About Information Presented in this Prospectus | 16 |
Summary of Terms | 23 |
Risk Factors | 57 |
Description of the Mortgage Pool | 143 |
Transaction Parties | 234 |
Credit Risk Retention | 287 |
EU Securitization Risk Retention Requirements | 290 |
Description of the Certificates | 292 |
Description of the Mortgage Loan Purchase Agreements | 333 |
Pooling and Servicing Agreement | 343 |
Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans | 457 |
Certain Affiliations, Relationships and Related Transactions Involving Transaction Parties | 477 |
Pending Legal Proceedings Involving Transaction Parties | 478 |
Use of Proceeds | 478 |
Yield and Maturity Considerations | 478 |
Material Federal Income Tax Considerations | 492 |
Certain State and Local Tax Considerations | 506 |
Method of Distribution (Underwriter) | 507 |
Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference | 509 |
Where You Can Find More Information | 510 |
Financial Information | 510 |
Certain ERISA Considerations | 510 |
Legal Investment | 515 |
Legal Matters | 516 |
Ratings | 516 |
Index of Defined Terms | 519 |
Dealers will be required to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters of these certificates and with respect to unsold allotments or subscriptions. In addition, all dealers selling these certificates will deliver a prospectus until the date that is ninety days from the date of this prospectus.
$729,853,000
(Approximate)
Wells Fargo
Commercial Mortgage
Securities, Inc.
Depositor
WELLS FARGO COMMERCIAL
MORTGAGE
TRUST 2016-BNK1
Issuing Entity
Commercial Mortgage Pass-Through
Certificates,
Series 2016-BNK1
Class A-1 | $ | 36,136,000 |
Class A-2 | $ | 230,000,000 |
Class A-3 | $ | 267,018,000 |
Class A-SB | $ | 45,766,000 |
Class A-S | $ | 67,197,000 |
Class X-A | $ | 578,920,000 |
Class X-B | $ | 150,933,000 |
Class B | $ | 44,452,000 |
Class C | $ | 39,284,000 |
PROSPECTUS
Wells Fargo Securities
Co-Lead Manager and Joint Bookrunner
BofA Merrill Lynch
Co-Lead Manager and Joint Bookrunner
Morgan Stanley
Co-Lead Manager and Joint Bookrunner
Academy Securities
Co-Manager
Drexel Hamilton
Co-Manager
August , 2016