SenesTech (SNES) 10-Q 15 May 19 2019 Q1 Quarterly report Financial data

Document and Entity Information

Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	May 15, 2019
Document And Entity Information
Entity Registrant Name	SenesTech, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001680378
Trading Symbol	SNES
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2019
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Reporting Status Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Ex Transition Period	true
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		24,993,279
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaud

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Current assets:
Cash	$ 2,946	$ 4,920
Accounts receivable	150	139
Prepaid expenses	345	342
Inventory	1,335	1,261
Deposits	8	9
Total current assets	4,784	6,671
Right to use asset-operating leases	76
Property and equipment, net	983	1,083
Total assets	5,843	7,754
Current liabilities:
Short-term debt	202	219
Accounts payable	272	173
Accrued expenses	776	771
Total current liabilities	1,250	1,163
Long-term debt, net	227	261
Operating lease liability	76
Common stock warrant liability	5
Deferred rent	15	16
Total liabilities	1,573	1,440
Commitments and contingencies (See note 12)
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 23,560,864 and 23,471,999 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively	24	24
Additional paid-in capital	92,448	92,128
Accumulated deficit	(88,202)	(85,838)
Total stockholders' equity	4,270	6,314
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 5,843	$ 7,754

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS (Una_2

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Nov. 10, 2015	Oct. 31, 2015
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001	$ 0.001	$ .001
Common stock, authorized	100,000,000	100,000,000	100,000,000	100,000
Common stock, issued	23,560,864	23,471,999
Common stock, outstanding	23,560,864	23,471,999

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATI

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Income Statement [Abstract]
Net Sales	$ 19	$ 19
Cost of sales	12	19
Gross profit	7
Operating expenses:
Research and development	464	634
Selling, general and administrative	1,904	2,028
Total operating expenses	2,368	2,662
Net operating loss	(2,361)	(2,662)
Other income (expense):
Interest income	15	6
Interest expense	(13)	(22)
Other income (expense)	(5)	13
Total other income (expense)	(3)	(3)
Net loss and comprehensive loss	$ (2,364)	$ (2,665)
Loss per share attributable to common shareholders, basic and diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.10)	$ (0.16)
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic and fully diluted (in shares)	23,518,400	16,496,385

STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHO

STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-In Capital [Member]	Stock Subscription Payable [Member]	Accumulated Deficit [Member]	Total
Balance at beginning at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 16	$ 81,103		$ (73,597)	$ 7,522
Balance at beginning (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017	16,404,195
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock for services	$ 1	27			28
Issuance of common stock for services (in shares)	94,151
Stock-based compensation		670			670
Issuance of common stock upon cashles exercise of stock options
Issuance of common stock upon cashless exercise of stock options (in shares)	13,900
Stock subscribed but not issued		(8)	8
Net loss				(2,665)	(2,665)
Balance at ending at Mar. 31, 2018	$ 17	81,792	8	(76,262)	5,555
Balance at ending (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2018	16,512,246
Balance at beginning at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 24	92,128		(85,838)	6,314
Balance at beginning (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018	23,471,999
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock for services		32			32
Issuance of common stock for services (in shares)	38,580
Stock-based compensation		252			252
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants		36			36
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants (in shares)	31,811
Issuance of common stock upon cashles exercise of stock options
Issuance of common stock upon cashless exercise of stock options (in shares)	18,474				18,474
Net loss				(2,364)	$ (2,364)
Balance at ending at Mar. 31, 2019	$ 24	$ 92,448		$ (88,202)	$ 4,270
Balance at ending (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2019	23,560,864

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FL

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss	$ (2,364)	$ (2,665)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Gain on investments		(18)
Bad debts expense		5
Depreciation and amortization	111	117
Stock-based compensation	252	698
Loss on remeasurement of common stock warrant liability	5
(Increase) decrease in current assets:
Accounts receivable	(11)	9
Prepaid expenses	(3)	(75)
Inventory	(74)	(247)
Deposits	1	2
Increase (decrease) in current liabilities:
Accounts payable	99	(22)
Accrued expenses	37	(116)
Deferred rent	(1)	(6)
Net cash used in operating activities	(1,948)	(2,318)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds received on sale of securities		798
Purchase of property and equipment	(11)	(3)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(11)	795
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Repayments of notes payable, net	(32)	(26)
Repayments of notes payable, related parties		(6)
Repayments of capital lease obligations	(19)	(18)
Proceeds from the exercise of warrants	36
Net cash provided by financing activities	(15)	(50)
NET CHANGE IN CASH	(1,974)	(1,573)
CASH AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD	4,920	2,101
CASH AT END OF PERIOD	2,946	528
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION:
Interest paid	13	22
Income taxes paid
NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of equipment under capital lease obligations		10
Common stock issued on accrued bonus	$ 32

Organization and Description of

Organization and Description of Business	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Organization and Description of Business	Note 1 - Organization and Description of Business SenesTech, Inc. (referred to in this report as “SenesTech,” the “Company,” “we” or “us”) was formed in July 2004 and incorporated in the state of Nevada. The Company subsequently reincorporated in the state of Delaware in November 2015. Our corporate headquarters is in Flagstaff, Arizona. We have developed and are commercializing a global, proprietary technology for managing animal pest populations, initially rat populations, through fertility control. Although a myriad of tools are available to fight rat infestations, communities continue to face challenges in controlling today’s infestations. Infestations result in incredible infrastructure damage, as well as pose additional risks to the health and food security of communities. In addition to these challenges, the pest management industry and Pest Management Professionals (PMPs) are being increasingly asked for new solutions to help solve the problem. With growing concerns about rat resistance to rodenticides and a growing interest in non-lethal options, it is becoming increasingly important for PMPs to have new tools at their disposal. Our goal is to provide customers with not only a solution to combat their most difficult infestations, but also offer a non-lethal option to serve customers that are looking to decrease or remove the amount of poison used in their pest management programs. Our first fertility control product, ContraPest, is a liquid bait containing the active ingredients 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) and triptolide. When consumed, ContraPest targets reproduction, limiting fertility in male and female rats beginning with the first breeding cycle following consumption. ContraPest is being marketed for use in controlling rat populations, specifically Norway and roof rats. On August 23, 2015, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) granted registration approval for ContraPest as a Restricted Product Due to Professional Expertise (referred to in this report as a “Restricted Use designation”), effective August 2, 2016. On October 18, 2018, the EPA approved the removal of the Restricted Use designation. We believe ContraPest is the first and only non-lethal, fertility control product approved by the EPA for the management of rodent populations. In addition to the EPA registration of ContraPest in the United States, we must obtain registration from the various state regulatory agencies prior to selling in each state. As of the date of this report, we have received registration for ContraPest in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, 35 of which have approved the removal of the Restricted Use designation. We expect to continue to pursue regulatory approvals and amendments to existing registration in the United States for ContraPest, and if ContraPest begins to generate sufficient revenue, regulatory approvals for any additional jurisdictions beyond the United States. The Company also continues to develop other potential additional fertility control and animal health products for additional species. Potential Need for Additional Capital Since our inception, we have sustained significant operating losses in the course of our research and development activities and expect such losses to continue for the near future. We have generated limited revenue to date from product sales, research grants and licensing fees received under our former license agreement with Neogen. In 2017, we began to prepare and launch commercialization of our first product, ContraPest. We have primarily funded our operations to date through the sale of equity securities, including convertible preferred stock, common stock and warrants to purchase common stock. Public equity sales include (i) an initial public offering of 1,875,000 shares of our common stock on December 8, 2016 with warrants to purchase an additional 187,500 shares issued to Roth Capital Partners, LLC with an exercise price of $9.60 per share, as underwriter, (ii) a public offering on November 21, 2017 of 5,860,000 shares of our common stock at $1.00 per share with warrants issued to investors to purchase an additional 4,657,500 shares of our common stock with an initial exercise price of $1.50 per share that subsequently adjusted downward to $0.95 per share pursuant to antidilution price protection contained within those warrants, and warrants issued to Roth Capital Partners, LLC, as underwriter, to purchase an additional 945,000 shares with an exercise price of $1.50 per share, (iii) a private placement of warrants to purchase 1,133,909 shares of common stock in June 2018 with an exercise price of $1.82 per share in connection with an inducement agreement with a holder of outstanding warrants issued in November 2017 to exercise its original warrant representing 1,133,909 shares at an exercise price of $1.50 per share; and (iv) a rights offering in August 2018 (the “Rights Offering”), where we accepted subscriptions for 5,357,052 units for a purchase price of $1.15 per unit, with each unit consisting of one share of our common stock and one warrant, with each warrant exercisable for one share of our common stock at an exercise price of $1.15 per share, and warrants issued to an affiliate of Maxim Group, LLC, as dealer-manager, to purchase an additional 267,853 shares at $1.725 per share (v) issuance of 31,811 shares of common stock as a result of the exercise of warrants in March 2019 at an exercise price of $1.15 per warrant. We have also raised capital through debt financing, consisting primarily of convertible notes; and, to a lesser extent, payments received in connection with product sales, research grants and licensing fees. Through March 31, 2019, we had received net proceeds of $61.8 million from our sales of common stock, preferred stock and warrant exercises and issuance of convertible and other promissory notes, an aggregate of $1.7 million from licensing fees and an aggregate of $0.4 million in net product sales. At March 31, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $88.2 million and cash and cash equivalents of $2.9 million. Our ultimate success depends upon the outcome of a combination of factors, including: (i) successful commercialization of ContraPest and ongoing regulatory approvals of our other product candidates, (ii) market acceptance, commercial viability and profitability of ContraPest and other products; (iii) the ability to market our products and establish an effective sales force and marketing infrastructure to generate significant revenue; (iv) the success of our research and development; (v) our ability to retain and attract key personnel to develop, operate and grow our business; and (vi) our ability to meet our working capital needs. Based upon our current operating plan, we expect that cash and cash equivalents at March 31, 2019, in combination with anticipated revenue and additional sales of our equity securities, will be sufficient to fund our current operations for at least the next 12 months. However, if anticipated revenue targets and margin targets are not achieved and we are unable to raise necessary capital through the sale of our securities, we may seek to reduce operating expenses and take other measures that could impair our ability to be successful and operate as a going concern. In any event, we are likely to require additional capital in order to fund our operating losses and research and development activities until we become profitable. We may never achieve profitability or generate positive cash flows, and unless and until we do, we will continue to need to raise capital through equity or debt financing. If such equity or debt financing is not available at adequate levels or on acceptable terms, we may need to delay, limit or terminate commercialization and development efforts. Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements of the Company have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim financial reporting. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. In the Company’s opinion, the unaudited condensed financial statements include all material adjustments, all of which are of a normal and recurring nature, necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of March 31, 2019, the Company’s operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, and the Company’s cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. The accompanying financial information as of December 31, 2018 is derived from audited financial statements. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. The information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended by Form 10-K/A, for the year ended December 31, 2018, both filed with the SEC on March 29, 2019. All amounts shown in these financial statements and accompanying notes are in thousands, except percentages and per share and share amounts.

Summary of Significant Accounti

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and classification of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The significant estimates in the Company’s financial statements include the valuation of preferred stock, common stock and related warrants, and other stock-based awards. Actual results could differ from such estimates. Reclassifications Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no material impact on net earnings, financial position or cash flows. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable consist primarily of trade receivables. The Company provides an allowance for doubtful trade receivables equal to the estimated uncollectible amounts. That estimate is based on historical collection experience, current economic and market conditions and a review of the current status of each customer’s trade accounts receivable. The allowance for doubtful trade receivables was less than $1 at March 31, 2019 and at December 31, 2018. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market value, using the first-in, first-out convention. Inventories consist of raw materials, work in progress and finished goods. Components of inventory are: March 31, December 31, 2019 2018 Raw materials $ 1,087 $ 1,111 Work in progress 1 — Finished goods 251 154 Total inventory 1,339 1,265 Less: Reserve for obsolete (4 ) (4 ) Total net inventory $ 1,335 $ 1,261 Prepaid Expenses Prepaid expenses consist primarily of payments made for director and officer insurance, director compensation, rent, legal and inventory purchase deposits and seminar fees to be expensed in the current year. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Equipment held under capital leases are stated at the present value of minimum lease payments less accumulated amortization. Depreciation on property and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. The cost of leasehold improvements is amortized over the life of the improvement or the term of the lease, whichever is shorter. Equipment held under capital leases is amortized over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful life of the asset. The Company incurs repair and maintenance costs on its major equipment, which are expensed as incurred. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If circumstances require long-lived assets or asset groups to be tested for possible impairment, the Company compares the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated from the use of the asset or asset group to its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, an impairment charge is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds its fair value. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, such as discounted cash flow models and the use of third-party independent appraisals. The Company has not recorded an impairment of long-lived assets since its inception. Revenue Recognition Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606 — Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Revenue Recognition. Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue when it leaves their dock at a fixed selling price and payment terms of 30 to 120 days from invoicing. The Company recognizes other revenue earned from pilot studies upon the performance of specific services under the respective service contract. The Company derives revenue primarily from commercial sales of products. Research and Development Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development employees, stock-based compensation, consulting fees, lab supplies, costs incurred related to conducting scientific trials and field studies, and regulatory compliance costs. Also, included in research and development expenses is an allocation of facilities related costs, including depreciation of research and development equipment. Stock-based Compensation Employee stock-based awards, consisting of restricted stock units and stock options expected to be settled in shares of the Company’s common stock, are recorded as equity awards. The grant date fair value of these awards is measured using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Company expenses the grant date fair value of its stock options on a straight-line basis over their respective vesting periods. Performance-based awards are expensed over the performance period when the related performance goals are probable of being achieved. For equity instruments issued to non-employees, the stock-based consideration is measured using a fair value method. The measurement of the stock-based compensation is subject to re-measurement as the underlying equity instruments vest. The stock-based compensation expense recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, is as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Research and development $ 9 $ 29 Selling, general and administrative 243 669 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 252 $ 698 See Note 11 for additional discussion on stock-based compensation. Income Taxes Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial statements and tax bases of assets and liabilities and net operating loss carryforwards using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company records net deferred tax assets to the extent it believes these assets will more likely than not be realized. These deferred tax assets are subject to periodic assessments as to recoverability and if it is determined that it is more likely than not that the benefits will not be realized, valuation allowances are recorded which would increase the provision for income taxes. In making such determination, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent financial operations. The Company currently maintains a full allowance against its deferred tax assets. The Company applies a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold for all tax uncertainties. Only those benefits that have a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities are recognized. Based on its evaluation, the Company has concluded there are no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in its financial statements. The Company recognizes interest and/or penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. There are no uncertain tax positions as of March 31, 2019 or December 31, 2018 and as such, no interest or penalties were recorded in income tax expense. Comprehensive Loss Net loss and comprehensive loss were the same for all periods presented; therefore, a separate statement of comprehensive loss is not included in the accompanying financial statements. Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders Basic loss per share attributable to common stockholders is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares and potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period determined using the treasury stock and if-converted methods. For purposes of the computation of diluted loss per share attributable to common stockholders, common stock purchase warrants, and common stock options are considered to be potentially dilutive securities but have been excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share attributable to common stockholders because their effect would be anti-dilutive given the net loss reported for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. Therefore, basic and diluted loss per share attributable to common stockholders are the same for each period presented. The following table sets forth the outstanding potentially dilutive securities that have been excluded in the calculation of diluted loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in common stock equivalent shares): March 31, 2019 2018 Common stock purchase warrants 11,195,010 6,431,785 Restricted stock unit 105,841 237,885 Common stock options 1,635,889 1,629,967 Total 12,936,740 8,299,637 Adoption of New Accounting Standards : In May 2014 the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” Revenue Recognition In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted the new leasing standard and all related amendments. The Company elected the optional transition method provided by the FASB in ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements The standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The cumulative effect of the changes made to the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet as of January 1, 2019 for the adoption of the new leasing standard was as follows: Balance Adjustment Due Balance Right to Use Asset - Long Term — $ 87 $ 87 Lease Liability – Long Term — ($ 87 ) ($ 87 ) The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at lease inception. Operating lease right-of-use (ROU) assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As most of the Company’s lease contracts do not include an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on information available at commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. The incremental borrowing rate is estimated to approximate the interest rate on a collateralized basis with similar terms and payments, and in economic environments where the leased asset is located. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any initial direct costs and lease payments made prior to lease commencement and excludes lease incentives incurred. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Operating lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company has certain lease agreements that contain both lease and non-lease components, which it has elected to account for as a single lease component for all asset classes Accounting Standards Issued but Not Yet Adopted In August 2018, the FASB issued authoritative guidance intended to address a customer’s accounting for implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract. This guidance aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The guidance also requires presentation of the capitalized implementation costs in the statement of financial position and in the statement of cash flows in the same line item that a prepayment for the fees of the associated hosting arrangement would be presented, and the expense related to the capitalized implementation costs to be presented in the same line item in the statement of operations as the fees associated with the hosting element (service) of the arrangement. This guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those annual periods, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the potential impact on our financial position, results of operations and statement of cash flows upon adoption of this guidance, which will result in the change in presentation of capitalized implementation costs related to hosting arrangements from properties to other assets on the consolidated balance sheet, as well as the expense related to such costs no longer being classified as depreciation expense and cash flows related to those costs no longer being presented as investing activities. Other than the items noted above, there have been no new accounting pronouncements not yet effective or adopted in the current year that we believe have a significant impact, or potential significant impact, to our unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair Value Measurements	Note 3 - Fair Value Measurements The Company issued common stock warrants to purchase shares of common stock in June of 2015 (see Note 11 — Stock-based Compensation for more details) that contain a cash settlement provision resulting in a common stock warrant liability that is revalued at the end of each reporting period. We value these warrant derivatives at fair value. The accounting guidance for fair value, among other things, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure for each major asset and liability category measured at fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the reporting date. The framework for measuring fair value consists of a three-level valuation hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value based upon whether such inputs are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect market assumptions made by the reporting entity. The three-level hierarchy for the inputs to valuation techniques is briefly summarized as follows: Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 An asset’s or liability’s fair value measurement level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Valuation techniques used need to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are based on one or more of the following three valuation techniques: A. Market approach: Prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. B. Cost approach: Amount that would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset (replacement cost). C. Income approach: Techniques to convert future amounts to a single present amount based upon market expectations, including present value techniques, option-pricing and excess earnings models. The Company’s common stock warrant liabilities are classified as Level 3 because there is limited activity or less transparency around the inputs to valuation. Items Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis The following table sets forth the Company’s financial instruments that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands): March 31, 2019 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Financial Liabilities: Common stock warrant liability (1) $ — $ — $ 5 $ 5 Total $ — $ — $ 5 $ 5 December 31, 2018 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Financial Assets: Money market funds $ — $ — $ — $ — Corporate fixed income debt securities — — — — Total $ 3 $ — $ — $ — Financial Liabilities: Common stock warrant liability (1) $ — $ — $ — $ — Total $ — $ — $ — $ — (1) The change in the fair value of the common stock warrant and convertible notes payable for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was recorded as a decrease to other income (expense) and interest expense of $5, in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments, including accounts payable and accrued liabilities, approximate fair value due to their short maturities. The estimated fair value of the convertible notes and other notes, not recorded at fair value, are recorded at cost or amortized cost which was deemed to estimate fair value.

Credit Risk

Credit Risk	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract]
Credit Risk	Note 4 - Credit Risk The Company is potentially subject to concentrations of credit risk in its accounts receivable. Credit risk with respect to receivables is limited due to the number of companies comprising the Company’s customer base. Although the Company is directly affected by the financial condition of its customers, management does not believe significant credit risks exist at March 31, 2019 or December 31, 2018. The Company does not require collateral or other securities to support its accounts receivable.

Prepaid Expenses

Prepaid Expenses	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Prepaid Expenses	Note 5 - Prepaid Expenses Prepaid expenses consist of the following: March 31, December 31, 2019 2018 Director compensation $ 50 $ 100 Director and officer insurance 146 121 NASDAQ fees 41 Legal retainer 25 25 Marketing programs and conferences 50 53 Professional services retainer 12 8 Rent 19 19 Equipment service deposits 2 3 Engineering, software licenses and other — 13 Total prepaid expenses $ 345 $ 342

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Property and Equipment	Note 6 - Property and Equipment Property and equipment, net consist of the following: March 31, December 31, Useful Life 2019 2018 Research and development equipment 5 years $ 1,554 $ 1,552 Office and computer equipment 3 years 751 742 Autos 5 years 54 54 Furniture and fixtures 7 years 37 37 Leasehold improvements * 283 283 2,679 2,668 Less accumulated depreciation and amortization (1,696 ) (1,585 ) Total $ 983 $ 1,083 * Shorter of lease term or estimated useful life Depreciation and amortization expense was approximately $111 and $117 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Accrued Expenses

Accrued Expenses	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Accrued Expenses	Note 7 - Accrued Expenses Accrued expenses consist of the following: March 31, December 31, 2019 2018 Compensation and related benefits $ 259 $ 479 Accrued Litigation 507 269 Board Compensation — 23 Other 10 — Total accrued expenses $ 776 $ 771

Borrowings

Borrowings	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Borrowings	Note 8 - Borrowings A summary of the Company’s borrowings, including capital lease obligations, is as follows: March 31, December 31, Short-term debt: 2019 2018 Current portion of long-term debt 202 219 Total short-term debt $ 202 $ 219 Long-term debt: Capital lease obligations $ 212 $ 232 Other promissory notes 217 248 Total 429 480 Less: current portion of long-term debt (202 ) (219 ) Total long-term debt $ 227 $ 261 Capital Lease Obligations Capital lease obligations are for computer and lab equipment leased through GreatAmerica Financial Services, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Navitas Credit Corp. and ENGS Commercial Finance Co. These capital leases expire at various dates through July 2023 and carry interest rates ranging from 6.4% to 11.6%. Other Promissory Notes Also included in the table above are three notes payable to Direct Capital, one note to M2 Financing and one note to Fidelity Capital, all for the financing of fixed assets. These notes expire at various dates through June 2022 and carry interest rates ranging from 4.3% to 13.8%.

Common Stock Warrants and Commo

Common Stock Warrants and Common Stock Warrant Liability	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Warrants and Rights Note Disclosure [Abstract]
Common Stock Warrants and Common Stock Warrant Liability	Note 9 - Common Stock Warrants and Common Stock Warrant Liability The table summarizes the common stock warrant activity as of March 31, 2019 as follows: Common Stock Warrants Number of Warrants Date Issued Term Exercise Price Outstanding at December 31, 2017 6,431,785 Warrants issued 1,133,909 June 2018 5 Years $ 1.82 Common Stock Offering Warrants Issued 5,357,052 August 2018 5 Years $ 1.15 (1) Common Stock Offering - Dealer Manager Warrants 267,853 August 2018 5 Years $ 1.725 Warrants exercised (1,475,659 ) Expired Warrants (488,119 ) Outstanding at December 31, 2018 11,226,821 Warrants Exercised (31,811 ) August 2018 $ 1.15 Outstanding at March 31, 2019 11,195,010 (1) The common stock warrants issued in November 2017 with an initial exercise price of $1.50 per share adjusted downward to $0.95 per share effective July 24, 2018 in connection with our Rights Offering, and may be subject to further downward adjustments, pursuant to antidilution price adjustment protection contained within those warrants. On November 21, 2017, the Company issued a total of 4,657,500 detachable common stock warrants issued with the second public offering of 5,860,000 shares of its common stock at $1.00 per share. The common stock warrant is exercisable until five years from the date of grant. The common shares of the Company’s stock and detachable warrants exist independently as separate securities. As such, the Company estimated the fair value of the common stock warrants, exercisable at $1.50 per share, to be $661 using a lattice model based on the following significant inputs: Common stock price of $1.00; comparable company volatility of 73.8%; remaining term 5 years; dividend yield of 0% and risk-free interest rate of 1.87. The initial exercise price of these warrants was $1.50 per share, which adjusted downward to $1.47 on July 24, 2018, the record date of the Right’s Offering and downward to $0.95 per share on August 13, 2018, the date of the Rights Offering, pursuant to antidilution price adjustment protection contained within these warrants. Per guidance of ASC 260, the Company recorded a deemed dividend of $333 on the 3,181,841 unexercised warrants that contained this antidilution price adjustment protection provision and was calculated as the difference between the fair value of the warrants immediately prior to downward exercise price adjustment and immediately after the adjustment using a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: On July 24, 2018: Common stock price of $1.38; comparable company volatility of 72.4%; remaining term 4.33 years; dividend yield of 0% and risk-free interest rate of 2.83. On August 13, 2018: Common stock price of $1.02; comparable company volatility of 74.0%; remaining term 4.25 years; dividend yield of 0% and risk-free interest rate of 2.75. On June 20, 2018, the Company entered into an agreement with a holder of 1,133,909 of the November 2017 warrants to exercise its original warrant representing 1,133,909 shares of Common Stock for cash at the $1.50 exercise price for gross proceeds of $1.7 million and the Company issued to holder a new warrant to purchase 1,133,909 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $1.82 per share. The new warrant did not contain the antidilution price adjustment protection that was contained within the exercised warrants. In June 2018, the Company recorded stock compensation expense of $1.7 million representing the fair value of the of 1,133,909 inducement warrants issued. The Company estimated the fair value of the common stock warrants, exercisable at $1.82 per share, to be $1.7 million using a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: Common stock price of $2.11; comparable company volatility of 72.6%; remaining term 5 years; dividend yield of 0% and risk-free interest rate of 2.8%. Also, in June 2018, an additional 341,750 of the November 8, 2017 warrants that were in the money at the time of exercise, were exercised for gross proceeds of $513. On August 13, 2018, in connection with a Rights Offering of 5,357,052 shares of its common stock, the Company issued 5,357,052 warrants to purchase shares of its common stock at an exercise price of $1.15 per share. The Company estimated the fair value of the common stock warrants, exercisable at $1.15 per share, to be $3.6 million using a Monte Carlo model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $0.94; comparable company volatility of 159.0%; remaining term 5 years; dividend yield of 0% and risk-free interest rate of 2.77%. In connection with the closing of the Rights Offering, the Company issued a warrant to purchase 267,853 shares of common stock to Maxim Partners LLC, an affiliate of the dealer-manager of the Rights Offering. The Company estimated the fair value of the common stock warrants, exercisable at $1.725 per share, to be $169 using a using a Monte Carlo model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $0.94; comparable company volatility of 159.0%; remaining term 5 years; dividend yield of 0% and risk-free interest rate of 2.77%. Common Stock Warrant Issued to Underwriter of Common Stock Offering In November 2017, the Company issued to Roth Capital Partners, LLC, as underwriter, a warrant to purchase 945,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.50 per share as consideration for providing services in connection with our common stock offering. The warrant was fully vested and exercisable on the date of issuance. The common stock warrant is exercisable until five years from the date of grant. The Company estimated the fair value of the common stock warrants, exercisable at $1.50 per share, to be $134 using a lattice model based on the following significant inputs: Common stock price of $1.00; comparable company volatility of 73.8%; remaining term 5 years; dividend yield of 0% and risk-free interest rate of 1.87%. University of Arizona Common Stock Warrant In connection with the June 2015 amended and restated exclusive license agreement with the University of Arizona (“University”), the Company issued to the University a common stock warrant to purchase 15,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $7.50 per share. The warrant was fully vested and exercisable on the date of grant, and expires, if not exercised, five years from the date of grant. In the event of a “terminating change” of the Company, as defined in the warrant agreement, the warrant holder would be paid in cash the aggregate fair market value of the underlying shares immediately prior to the consummation of the terminating change event. Due to the cash settlement provision, the derivative warrant liability was recorded at fair value and is revalued at the end of each reporting period. The changes in fair value are reported in other income (expense) in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The estimated fair value of the derivative warrant liability was $53 at the date of grant. The estimated fair value of the derivative warrant liability was $5 at March 31, 2019. As this derivative warrant liability is revalued at the end of each reporting period, the fair values as determined at the date of grant and subsequent periods was based on the following significant inputs using a Monte Carlo option pricing model: common stock price of $7.91; comparable company volatility of 77.7% of the underlying common stock; risk-free rates of 1.93%; and dividend yield of 0%; including the probability assessment of a terminating change event occurring. The change in fair value of the derivative warrant liability was $5 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and was recorded in other income (expense) in the accompanying statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Stockholders' Deficit

Stockholders' Deficit	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Equity [Abstract]
Stockholders' Deficit	Note 10 - Stockholders’ Deficit Capital Stock The Company was organized under the laws of the state of Nevada on July 27, 2004 and was subsequently reincorporated under the laws of the state of Delaware on November 10, 2015. In connection with the reincorporation, as approved by the stockholders, the Company changed its authorized capital stock to consist of (i) 100 million shares of common stock, $.001 par value, and (ii) 2 million shares of preferred stock, $0.001 par value, designated as Series A convertible preferred stock. In December 2015, the Company amended its Certificate of Incorporation to change its authorized capital stock to provide for 15 million authorized shares of preferred stock of which 7,515,000 was designated as Series B convertible preferred stock, par value $.001 per share. Prior to November 10, 2015, the Company’s authorized capital stock consisted of 100 million shares of common stock, $.001 par value, and 10 million shares of preferred stock, $.001 par value. Common Stock The Company had 23,560,864 and 23,471,999 shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company issued an aggregate of 88,865 shares of common stock as follows: ● an aggregate of 31,811 shares for the exercise of outstanding warrants, ● 18,474 shares for the cashless exercise of stock options and ● an aggregate of 38,580 shares to certain employees in net settlement of bonus compensation totaling $32.

Stock-based Compensation

Stock-based Compensation	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Stock-based Compensation	Note 11 - Stock-based Compensation On June 12, 2018, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”) to replace the Company’s 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan”). The 2018 Plan authorizes the issuance of 1,000,000 shares of our common stock. In addition, up to 2,874,280 shares of our common stock reserved for issuance under the 2015 Plan became available for issuance under the 2018 Plan to the extent such shares were available for issuance under the 2015 Plan as of June 12, 2018 or cease to be subject to awards outstanding under the 2015 Plan, such as by expiration, cancellation, or forfeiture of such awards. The stock-based awards are generally issued with a price equal to no less than fair value at the date of grant. Options granted under the 2018 Plan generally vest immediately, or ratably over a two- to 36-month period coinciding with their respective service periods; however, participants may exercise their options prior to vesting as provided by the 2018 Plan. Unvested shares issued for options exercised early may be subject to a repurchase by the Company if the participant terminates, at the original exercise price. Options under the 2018 Plan generally have a contractual term of five years. Certain stock option awards provide for accelerated vesting upon a change in control. As of March 31, 2019, the Company had 1,874,589 shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2018 Plan. The Company measures the fair value of stock options with service-based and performance-based vesting criteria to employees, directors and consultants on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of equity instruments issued to non-employees is re-measured as the award vests. The Black-Scholes valuation model requires the Company to make certain estimates and assumptions, including assumptions related to the expected price volatility of the Company’s stock, the period under which the options will be outstanding, the rate of return on risk-free investments, and the expected dividend yield for the Company’s stock. The weighted-average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model used to calculate the fair value of options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2019, were as follows: Employee Non-Employee Expected volatility 80.6 % N/A Expected dividend yield — N/A Expected term (in years) 3.0 N/A Risk-free interest rate 2.48 % N/A The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $0.854 per share, as per the table below. . Due to the Company’s limited operating history and lack of company-specific historical or implied volatility, the expected volatility assumption was determined based on historical volatilities from traded options of biotech companies of comparable in size and stability, whose share prices are publicly available. The expected term of options granted to employees is calculated based on the mid-point between the vesting date and the end of the contractual term according to the simplified method as described in SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin 110 because the Company does not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the expected term due to the limited period of time its awards have been outstanding. For non-employee options, the expected term of options granted is the contractual term of the options. The risk-free interest rate is determined by reference to the implied yields of U.S. Treasury securities with a remaining term equal to the expected term assumed at the time of grant. The expected dividend assumption is based on the Company’s history and expectation of dividend payouts. The Company has not paid and does not intend to pay dividends. The following table summarizes the stock option activity, for both equity plans, for the periods indicated as follows: Number of Weighted Weighted Aggregate Outstanding at December 31, 2018 1,721,171 $ 1.57 4.0 $ — Granted 8,218 $ 0.854 4.9 $ 3 Exercised (54,000 ) $ 0.50 — $ — Forfeited (39,500 ) $ — — $ — Expired — $ — — $ — Outstanding at March 31, 2019 1,635,889 $ 1.54 3.8 $ — Exercisable at March 31, 2019 1,416,500 $ 1.57 3.0 $ — (1) The aggregate intrinsic value in the table was calculated based on the difference between the estimated fair market value of the Company’s stock and the exercise price of the underlying options. The estimated stock values used in the calculation was $1.22 and $0.59 per share for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and the year ended December 31, 2018, respectively. Restricted Stock Units The following table summarizes restricted stock unit activity for the three months ended March 31, 2019: Number of Weighted Average Outstanding as of December 31, 2018 136,245 $ 0.98 Granted 6,262 $ 0.854 Vested (36,666 )(1) $ 0.50 Forfeited — $ — Outstanding as of March 31, 2019 105,841 $ 1.26 (1) These shares vested on March 30, 2019 (Saturday) and were issued on Monday, April 1, 2019. The stock-based compensation expense was recorded as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Research and development $ 9 $ 29 Selling, general and administrative 243 669 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 252 $ 698 The allocation between research and development and selling, general and administrative expense was based on the department and services performed by the employee or non-employee. At March 31, 2019, the total compensation cost related to unvested options not yet recognized was $335, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 24 months, assuming the employees and non-employee s

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	12 - Commitments and Contingencies Legal Proceedings The Company may be subject to legal proceedings and claims arising from contracts or other matters from time to time in the ordinary course of business. Management is not aware of any pending or threatened litigation where the ultimate disposition or resolution could have a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations or liquidity. On February 20, 2018, New Enterprises, Ltd. (“New Enterprises”), filed lawsuit against the Company and Roth Capital Partners, LLC (“Roth”) in the U.S. District Court for the District of Arizona (the “Court”). The complaint alleges nine counts against the Company, including that: the Company engaged in common law fraud and securities fraud to induce the chairman of New Enterprises into investing in the Company; failed to register New Enterprises’ requested transfer; breached stock certificates and the lock-up contract; tortuously interfered with prospective business advantage; and conversion. New Enterprises is seeking monetary damages, including compensatory damages, punitive damages, and attorney’s fees. On December 3, 2018, the Court issued its order granting the Company’s and Roth’s motions to dismiss all of New Enterprises’ claims but gave them leave to file a motion to amend the complaint. On January 25, 2019, New Enterprises moved for leave to file an amended complaint, alleging similar claims against the Company and Roth. The Company and Roth have filed motions to dismiss the amended complaint and those motions are under advisement with the Court as of May 15, 2019. Roth has made a claim for indemnification to the Company based on contractual indemnification agreements, but to date, the Company has not accepted Roth’s indemnification demand. On April 20, 2018, the Company’s former Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer Andrew Altman filed a charge of employment discrimination with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) against the Company. Mr. Altman claimed that he was terminated after he expressed opposition to an email Cheryl Dyer, Chief Research Officer, had sent out to the management team, in which she criticized a Mormon newspaper. The Company filed a position statement on May 21, 2018. No substantive action has been taken since then, and the Company has not heard anything further either from the EEOC or Mr. Altman’s attorneys. Lease Commitments The Company is obligated under capital leases for certain research and computer equipment that expire on various dates through July 2023. At March 31, 2019, the gross amount of office and computer equipment, and research equipment and the related accumulated amortization recorded under the capital leases was $521 and $225, respectively. In February 2012, the Company entered into an operating lease for its corporate headquarters. The lease was due to expire in January 2015. In December 2013, the Company amended its lease to expand into the remaining area in the building and extended the term to December 31, 2019. In February 2014, the Company further amended the lease to expand into an adjacent building. The lease requires escalating rental payments over the lease term. Minimum rental payments under the operating lease are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease and accordingly, the Company records the difference between the cash rent payments and the recognition of rent expense as a deferred rent liability. The lease is guaranteed by the President of the Company. We are currently in discussions to extend the current lease. On November 16, 2016, we leased an additional 1,954 square feet of research and development space, also in Flagstaff. This lease expired on November 15, 2018 but was extended for an additional 24 months, through November 2020. A subsequent amendment to the lease allows for the Company to cancel the lease at any time through the lease term with 30 days notice. The lease extension requires fixed rental payments over the lease term. Minimum rental payments under the operating lease are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease as expense, and accordingly, the Company recorded no deferred rent liability under this lease. Rent expense was $68 and $61 for the three months ended and year ended March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018, respectively. The future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating lease and future minimum capital lease payments as of March 31, 2019 are as follows: Capital Operating Years Ending December 31, 2019 73 203 2020 78 45 2021 63 — 2022 33 — 2023 3 Total minimum lease payments $ 250 $ 248 Capital Less: amounts representing interest (6.39%, ranging from 10.48% to 11.56%) $ 37 Present value of minimum lease payments 213 Less: current installments under capital lease obligations 77 Total long-term portion $ 136

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Note 13 - Subsequent Events In April 2019, the Company net issued 17,042 shares of common stock to certain employees in net settlement of restricted stock units that vested during the period. The shares of common stock withheld were used to satisfy required withholding tax liability in connection with the vesting of shares. Also in April 2019, the Company net issued 3,488 shares of common stock in settlement of the cashless exercise of vested common stock options by two former employees. In April and May of 2019, the Company issued an aggregate of 1,411,885 shares of commons stock for the exercise of certain warrants. The net proceeds to the Company for these exercises was $1.6 million. The Company has evaluated subsequent events from the balance sheet date through May 15, 2019, the date at which the financial statements were issued, and determined that there were no other items that require adjustment to or disclosure in the financial statements.

Summary of Significant Accoun_2

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and classification of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The significant estimates in the Company’s financial statements include the valuation of preferred stock, common stock and related warrants, and other stock-based awards. Actual results could differ from such estimates.
Reclassifications	Reclassifications Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no material impact on net earnings, financial position or cash flows.
Accounts Receivable	Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable consist primarily of trade receivables. The Company provides an allowance for doubtful trade receivables equal to the estimated uncollectible amounts. That estimate is based on historical collection experience, current economic and market conditions and a review of the current status of each customer’s trade accounts receivable. The allowance for doubtful trade receivables was less than $1 at March 31, 2019 and at December 31, 2018.
Inventories	Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market value, using the first-in, first-out convention. Inventories consist of raw materials, work in progress and finished goods. Components of inventory are: March 31, December 31, 2019 2018 Raw materials $ 1,087 $ 1,111 Work in progress 1 — Finished goods 251 154 Total inventory 1,339 1,265 Less: Reserve for obsolete (4 ) (4 ) Total net inventory $ 1,335 $ 1,261
Prepaid Expenses	Prepaid Expenses Prepaid expenses consist primarily of payments made for director and officer insurance, director compensation, rent, legal and inventory purchase deposits and seminar fees to be expensed in the current year.
Property and Equipment	Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Equipment held under capital leases are stated at the present value of minimum lease payments less accumulated amortization. Depreciation on property and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. The cost of leasehold improvements is amortized over the life of the improvement or the term of the lease, whichever is shorter. Equipment held under capital leases is amortized over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful life of the asset. The Company incurs repair and maintenance costs on its major equipment, which are expensed as incurred.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets	Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If circumstances require long-lived assets or asset groups to be tested for possible impairment, the Company compares the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated from the use of the asset or asset group to its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, an impairment charge is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds its fair value. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, such as discounted cash flow models and the use of third-party independent appraisals. The Company has not recorded an impairment of long-lived assets since its inception.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606 — Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Revenue Recognition. Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue when it leaves their dock at a fixed selling price and payment terms of 30 to 120 days from invoicing. The Company recognizes other revenue earned from pilot studies upon the performance of specific services under the respective service contract. The Company derives revenue primarily from commercial sales of products.
Research and Development	Research and Development Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development employees, stock-based compensation, consulting fees, lab supplies, costs incurred related to conducting scientific trials and field studies, and regulatory compliance costs. Also, included in research and development expenses is an allocation of facilities related costs, including depreciation of research and development equipment.
Stock-based Compensation	Stock-based Compensation Employee stock-based awards, consisting of restricted stock units and stock options expected to be settled in shares of the Company’s common stock, are recorded as equity awards. The grant date fair value of these awards is measured using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Company expenses the grant date fair value of its stock options on a straight-line basis over their respective vesting periods. Performance-based awards are expensed over the performance period when the related performance goals are probable of being achieved. For equity instruments issued to non-employees, the stock-based consideration is measured using a fair value method. The measurement of the stock-based compensation is subject to re-measurement as the underlying equity instruments vest. The stock-based compensation expense recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, is as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Research and development $ 9 $ 29 Selling, general and administrative 243 669 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 252 $ 698 See Note 11 for additional discussion on stock-based compensation.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial statements and tax bases of assets and liabilities and net operating loss carryforwards using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company records net deferred tax assets to the extent it believes these assets will more likely than not be realized. These deferred tax assets are subject to periodic assessments as to recoverability and if it is determined that it is more likely than not that the benefits will not be realized, valuation allowances are recorded which would increase the provision for income taxes. In making such determination, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent financial operations. The Company currently maintains a full allowance against its deferred tax assets. The Company applies a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold for all tax uncertainties. Only those benefits that have a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities are recognized. Based on its evaluation, the Company has concluded there are no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in its financial statements. The Company recognizes interest and/or penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. There are no uncertain tax positions as of March 31, 2019 or December 31, 2018 and as such, no interest or penalties were recorded in income tax expense.
Comprehensive Loss	Comprehensive Loss Net loss and comprehensive loss were the same for all periods presented; therefore, a separate statement of comprehensive loss is not included in the accompanying financial statements.
Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders	Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders Basic loss per share attributable to common stockholders is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares and potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period determined using the treasury stock and if-converted methods. For purposes of the computation of diluted loss per share attributable to common stockholders, common stock purchase warrants, and common stock options are considered to be potentially dilutive securities but have been excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share attributable to common stockholders because their effect would be anti-dilutive given the net loss reported for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. Therefore, basic and diluted loss per share attributable to common stockholders are the same for each period presented. The following table sets forth the outstanding potentially dilutive securities that have been excluded in the calculation of diluted loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in common stock equivalent shares): March 31, 2019 2018 Common stock purchase warrants 11,195,010 6,431,785 Restricted stock unit 105,841 237,885 Common stock options 1,635,889 1,629,967 Total 12,936,740 8,299,637
Adoption of New Accounting Standards:	Adoption of New Accounting Standards : In May 2014 the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” Revenue Recognition In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted the new leasing standard and all related amendments. The Company elected the optional transition method provided by the FASB in ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements The standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The cumulative effect of the changes made to the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet as of January 1, 2019 for the adoption of the new leasing standard was as follows: Balance Adjustment Due Balance Right to Use Asset - Long Term — $ 87 $ 87 Lease Liability – Long Term — ($ 87 ) ($ 87 ) The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at lease inception. Operating lease right-of-use (ROU) assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As most of the Company’s lease contracts do not include an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on information available at commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. The incremental borrowing rate is estimated to approximate the interest rate on a collateralized basis with similar terms and payments, and in economic environments where the leased asset is located. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any initial direct costs and lease payments made prior to lease commencement and excludes lease incentives incurred. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Operating lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company has certain lease agreements that contain both lease and non-lease components, which it has elected to account for as a single lease component for all asset classes
Accounting Standards Issued but Not Yet Adopted	Accounting Standards Issued but Not Yet Adopted In August 2018, the FASB issued authoritative guidance intended to address a customer’s accounting for implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract. This guidance aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The guidance also requires presentation of the capitalized implementation costs in the statement of financial position and in the statement of cash flows in the same line item that a prepayment for the fees of the associated hosting arrangement would be presented, and the expense related to the capitalized implementation costs to be presented in the same line item in the statement of operations as the fees associated with the hosting element (service) of the arrangement. This guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those annual periods, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the potential impact on our financial position, results of operations and statement of cash flows upon adoption of this guidance, which will result in the change in presentation of capitalized implementation costs related to hosting arrangements from properties to other assets on the consolidated balance sheet, as well as the expense related to such costs no longer being classified as depreciation expense and cash flows related to those costs no longer being presented as investing activities. Other than the items noted above, there have been no new accounting pronouncements not yet effective or adopted in the current year that we believe have a significant impact, or potential significant impact, to our unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements.

Summary of Significant Accoun_3

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Schedule of inventory	Components of inventory are: March 31, December 31, 2019 2018 Raw materials $ 1,087 $ 1,111 Work in progress 1 — Finished goods 251 154 Total inventory 1,339 1,265 Less: Reserve for obsolete (4 ) (4 ) Total net inventory $ 1,335 $ 1,261
Schedule of employee stock-based compensation expense	The stock-based compensation expense recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, is as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Research and development $ 9 $ 29 Selling, general and administrative 243 669 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 252 $ 698
Schedule of outstanding potentially dilutive securities calculation of diluted loss per share attributable to common stockholders	The following table sets forth the outstanding potentially dilutive securities that have been excluded in the calculation of diluted loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in common stock equivalent shares): March 31, 2019 2018 Common stock purchase warrants 11,195,010 6,431,785 Restricted stock unit 105,841 237,885 Common stock options 1,635,889 1,629,967 Total 12,936,740 8,299,637
Schedule of cumulative effect of the changes made to the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet	The cumulative effect of the changes made to the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet as of January 1, 2019 for the adoption of the new leasing standard was as follows: Balance Adjustment Due Balance Right to Use Asset - Long Term — $ 87 $ 87 Lease Liability – Long Term — ($ 87 ) ($ 87 )

Fair Value Measurements (Tables

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Schedule of fair value of financial instruments	The following table sets forth the Company’s financial instruments that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands): March 31, 2019 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Financial Liabilities: Common stock warrant liability (1) $ — $ — $ 5 $ 5 Total $ — $ — $ 5 $ 5 December 31, 2018 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Financial Assets: Money market funds $ — $ — $ — $ — Corporate fixed income debt securities — — — — Total $ 3 $ — $ — $ — Financial Liabilities: Common stock warrant liability (1) $ — $ — $ — $ — Total $ — $ — $ — $ — (1) The change in the fair value of the common stock warrant and convertible notes payable for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was recorded as a decrease to other income (expense) and interest expense of $5, in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Prepaid Expenses (Tables)

Prepaid Expenses (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of prepaid expenses	Prepaid expenses consist of the following: March 31, December 31, 2019 2018 Director compensation $ 50 $ 100 Director and officer insurance 146 121 NASDAQ fees 41 Legal retainer 25 25 Marketing programs and conferences 50 53 Professional services retainer 12 8 Rent 19 19 Equipment service deposits 2 3 Engineering, software licenses and other — 13 Total prepaid expenses $ 345 $ 342

Property and Equipment (Tables)

Property and Equipment (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Schedule of property and equipment	Property and equipment, net consist of the following: March 31, December 31, Useful Life 2019 2018 Research and development equipment 5 years $ 1,554 $ 1,552 Office and computer equipment 3 years 751 742 Autos 5 years 54 54 Furniture and fixtures 7 years 37 37 Leasehold improvements * 283 283 2,679 2,668 Less accumulated depreciation and amortization (1,696 ) (1,585 ) Total $ 983 $ 1,083 * Shorter of lease term or estimated useful life

Accrued Expenses (Tables)

Accrued Expenses (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Schedule of accrued expenses	Accrued expenses consist of the following: March 31, December 31, 2019 2018 Compensation and related benefits $ 259 $ 479 Accrued Litigation 507 269 Board Compensation — 23 Other 10 — Total accrued expenses $ 776 $ 771

Borrowings (Tables)

Borrowings (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of capital lease obligations	A summary of the Company’s borrowings, including capital lease obligations, is as follows: March 31, December 31, Short-term debt: 2019 2018 Current portion of long-term debt 202 219 Total short-term debt $ 202 $ 219 Long-term debt: Capital lease obligations $ 212 $ 232 Other promissory notes 217 248 Total 429 480 Less: current portion of long-term debt (202 ) (219 ) Total long-term debt $ 227 $ 261

Common Stock Warrants and Com_2

Common Stock Warrants and Common Stock Warrant Liability (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Warrants and Rights Note Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of common stock warrant activity	The table summarizes the common stock warrant activity as of March 31, 2019 as follows: Common Stock Warrants Number of Warrants Date Issued Term Exercise Price Outstanding at December 31, 2017 6,431,785 Warrants issued 1,133,909 June 2018 5 Years $ 1.82 Common Stock Offering Warrants Issued 5,357,052 August 2018 5 Years $ 1.15 (1) Common Stock Offering - Dealer Manager Warrants 267,853 August 2018 5 Years $ 1.725 Warrants exercised (1,475,659 ) Expired Warrants (488,119 ) Outstanding at December 31, 2018 11,226,821 Warrants Exercised (31,811 ) August 2018 $ 1.15 Outstanding at March 31, 2019 11,195,010 (1) The common stock warrants issued in November 2017 with an initial exercise price of $1.50 per share adjusted downward to $0.95 per share effective July 24, 2018 in connection with our Rights Offering, and may be subject to further downward adjustments, pursuant to antidilution price adjustment protection contained within those warrants.

Stock-based Compensation (Table

Stock-based Compensation (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Schedule of fair value of options granted	The weighted-average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model used to calculate the fair value of options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2019, were as follows: Employee Non-Employee Expected volatility 80.6 % N/A Expected dividend yield — N/A Expected term (in years) 3.0 N/A Risk-free interest rate 2.48 % N/A
Schedule of stock option activity	The following table summarizes the stock option activity, for both equity plans, for the periods indicated as follows: Number of Weighted Weighted Aggregate Outstanding at December 31, 2018 1,721,171 $ 1.57 4.0 $ — Granted 8,218 $ 0.854 4.9 $ 3 Exercised (54,000 ) $ 0.50 — $ — Forfeited (39,500 ) $ — — $ — Expired — $ — — $ — Outstanding at March 31, 2019 1,635,889 $ 1.54 3.8 $ — Exercisable at March 31, 2019 1,416,500 $ 1.57 3.0 $ — (1) The aggregate intrinsic value in the table was calculated based on the difference between the estimated fair market value of the Company’s stock and the exercise price of the underlying options. The estimated stock values used in the calculation was $1.22 and $0.59 per share for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and the year ended December 31, 2018, respectively.
Schedule of summarizes restricted stock unit activity	The following table summarizes restricted stock unit activity for the three months ended March 31, 2019: Number of Weighted Average Outstanding as of December 31, 2018 136,245 $ 0.98 Granted 6,262 $ 0.854 Vested (36,666 )(1) $ 0.50 Forfeited — $ — Outstanding as of March 31, 2019 105,841 $ 1.26 (1) These shares vested on March 30, 2019 (Saturday) and were issued on Monday, April 1, 2019.
Schedule of stock-based compensation expense	The stock-based compensation expense was recorded as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Research and development $ 9 $ 29 Selling, general and administrative 243 669 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 252 $ 698

Commitments and Contingencies (

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of the future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating lease and future minimum capital lease payments	The future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating lease and future minimum capital lease payments as of March 31, 2019 are as follows: Capital Operating Years Ending December 31, 2019 73 203 2020 78 45 2021 63 — 2022 33 — 2023 3 Total minimum lease payments $ 250 $ 248 Capital Less: amounts representing interest (6.39%, ranging from 10.48% to 11.56%) $ 37 Present value of minimum lease payments 213 Less: current installments under capital lease obligations 77 Total long-term portion $ 136

Organization and Description _2

Organization and Description of Business (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	Aug. 31, 2018	Aug. 13, 2018	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Jun. 01, 2018	Nov. 30, 2017	Nov. 21, 2017	Dec. 08, 2016
exercise price (in dollars per share)			$ 1.15
Proceeds from issuance and sale of common stock, preferred stock, warrants exercise, convertible and other promissory notes			$ 61,800
Proceeds from licensing fees			1,700
Proceeds from product sales			400
Accumulated deficit			(88,202)		$ (85,838)
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments			$ 2,900
Common Stock Offering Warrants Issued
Initial Public Offering [Member]
Number of shares issued									1,875,000
Initial Public Offering [Member] | Common Stock Purchase Warrants [Member]
Number of shares issued									187,500
exercise price (in dollars per share)									$ 9.60
Public Offering [Member]
Number of shares issued								5,860,000
exercise price (in dollars per share)								$ 1
Shares issued per share (in dollars per share)								$ 1
Public Offering [Member] | Common Stock Purchase Warrants [Member] | Investor [Member]
Number of shares issued								4,657,500
exercise price (in dollars per share)								$ 1.50
Public Offering [Member] | Common Stock Purchase Warrants [Member] | Roth Capital Partners, LLC [Member]
Number of shares issued								945,000
exercise price (in dollars per share)								$ 1.50
Private placement [Member] | Common Stock Purchase Warrants [Member]
Number of shares issued						1,133,909	1,133,909
exercise price (in dollars per share)						$ 1.82	$ 1.50
Right Offering [Member]
exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 1.15
Unit price (in dollars per unit)	1.15
Common Stock Offering Warrants Issued		5,357,052
Right Offering [Member] | Common Stock Purchase Warrants [Member] | Maxim Partners LLC [Member]
exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 1.725
Number of subscriptions shares accept	5,357,052
Common Stock Offering Warrants Issued	267,853

Summary of Significant Accoun_4

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 1,087	$ 1,111
Work in progress	1
Finished goods	251	154
Total inventory	1,339	1,265
Less: reserve for obsolete	(4)	(4)
Total net inventory	$ 1,335	$ 1,261

Summary of Significant Accoun_5

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 252	$ 698
Research and Development Expense [Member]
Total stock-based compensation expense	9	29
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 243	$ 669

Summary of Significant Accoun_6

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details 2) - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Total	12,936,740	8,299,637
Common Stock Purchase Warrants [Member]
Total	11,195,010	6,431,785
Restricted Stock Unit [Member]
Total	105,841	237,885
Common Stock Options [Member]
Total	1,635,889	1,629,967

Summary of Significant Accoun_7

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details 3) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Jan. 02, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Right to Use Asset - Long Term	$ 76	$ 87
Lease Liability - Long Term	$ 76	$ (87)
Adjustment Due to ASC 842 [Member]
Right to Use Asset - Long Term			87
Lease Liability - Long Term			$ (87)

Summary of Significant Accoun_8

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Allowance for doubtful trade receivables	$ 1	$ 1

Fair Value Measurements (Detail

Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Fair Value Measurements, Recurring [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Financial Assets:
Held-to-maturity Securities, Fair Value
Total
Financial Liabilities:
Common stock warrant liability	[1]	$ 5
Total		5
Corporate Fixed Income Debt Securities [Member]
Financial Assets:
Held-to-maturity Securities, Fair Value
Total
Money Market Funds [Member]
Financial Assets:
Held-to-maturity Securities, Fair Value
Total
Fair Value Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Financial Assets:
Held-to-maturity Securities, Fair Value
Total
Financial Liabilities:
Common stock warrant liability	[1]
Total
Fair Value Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Corporate Fixed Income Debt Securities [Member]
Financial Assets:
Held-to-maturity Securities, Fair Value
Total
Fair Value Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Money Market Funds [Member]
Financial Assets:
Held-to-maturity Securities, Fair Value
Total			3
Fair Value Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Financial Assets:
Held-to-maturity Securities, Fair Value
Total
Financial Liabilities:
Common stock warrant liability	[1]
Total
Fair Value Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Corporate Fixed Income Debt Securities [Member]
Financial Assets:
Held-to-maturity Securities, Fair Value
Total
Fair Value Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Money Market Funds [Member]
Financial Assets:
Held-to-maturity Securities, Fair Value
Total
Fair Value Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Financial Assets:
Held-to-maturity Securities, Fair Value
Total
Financial Liabilities:
Common stock warrant liability	[1]	5
Total		$ 5
Fair Value Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Corporate Fixed Income Debt Securities [Member]
Financial Assets:
Held-to-maturity Securities, Fair Value
Total
Fair Value Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Money Market Funds [Member]
Financial Assets:
Held-to-maturity Securities, Fair Value
Total
[1]	The change in the fair value of the common stock warrant and convertible notes payable for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was recorded as a decrease to other income (expense) and interest expense of $5, in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Fair Value Measurements (Deta_2

Fair Value Measurements (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Other income (expense)	$ (5)	$ 13

Prepaid Expenses (Details)

Prepaid Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Director compensation	$ 50	$ 100
Director and officer insurance	146	121
NASDAQ fees	41
Legal retainer	25	25
Marketing programs and conferences	50	53
Professional services retainer	12	8
Rent	19	19
Equipment service deposits	2	3
Engineering, software licenses and other		13
Total prepaid expenses	$ 345	$ 342

Property and Equipment (Details

Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross		$ 2,679	$ 2,668
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(1,696)	(1,585)
Total		983	1,083
Research and Development Equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross		$ 1,554	1,552
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life		5 years
Office and Computer Equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross		$ 751	742
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life		3 years
Autos [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross		$ 54	54
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life		5 years
Furniture and Fixtures [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross		$ 37	37
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life		7 years
Leasehold Improvements [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross	[1]	$ 283	$ 283
[1]	Shorter of lease term or estimated useful life

Property and Equipment (Detai_2

Property and Equipment (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation and amortization expense	$ 111	$ 117

Accrued Expenses (Details)

Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Compensation and related benefits	$ 259	$ 479
Accrued Litigation	507	269
Board Compensation		23
Other	10
Total accrued expenses	$ 776	$ 771

Borrowings (Details)

Borrowings (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Short-term debt:
Current portion of long-term debt	$ 202	$ 219
Total short-term debt	202	219
Long-term debt:
Capital lease obligations	212	232
Other promissory notes	217	248
Total	429	480
Less: current portion of long-term debt	(202)	(219)
Total long-term debt	$ 227	$ 261

Borrowings (Details Narrative)

Borrowings (Details Narrative)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Other Promissory Notes [Member]
Description of borrowings expiration period	Various dates through June 2022
Other Promissory Notes [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Interest rate on borrowings	4.30%
Other Promissory Notes [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Interest rate on borrowings	13.80%
Capital Lease Obligations [Member]
Description of borrowings expiration period	Various dates through July 2023
Capital Lease Obligations [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Interest rate on borrowings	6.40%
Capital Lease Obligations [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Interest rate on borrowings	11.60%

Common Stock Warrants and Com_3

Common Stock Warrants and Common Stock Warrant Liability (Details) - $ / shares		3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Outstanding at beginning		11,226,821	6,431,785	829,285
Warrants issued
Warrants exercised		(31,811)
Expired Warrants			(488,119)
Date Issued		2018-08
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)		$ 1.15
Outstanding at ending		11,195,010	11,226,821	6,431,785
Warrants issued [Member]
Warrants issued			1,133,909
Date Issued			2018-06
Term			5 years
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)			$ 1.82
Common Stock Offering Warrants Issued [Member]
Warrants issued			5,357,052	4,657,500
Date Issued			2018-08	2017-11
Term			5 years	5 years
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	[1]		$ 1.15	$ 1.50
Common Stock Offering - Dealer Manager Warrants [Member]
Warrants issued			267,853
Date Issued			2018-08
Term			5 years
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)			$ 1.725
Common Stock Offering Underwriter Warrants [Member]
Warrants issued				945,000
Date Issued				2017-11
Term				5 years
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)				$ 1.50
[1]	The common stock warrants issued in November 2017 with an initial exercise price of $1.50 per share adjusted downward to $0.95 per share effective July 24, 2018 in connection with our Rights Offering, and may be subject to further downward adjustments, pursuant to antidilution price adjustment protection contained within those warrants.

Common Stock Warrants and Com_4

Common Stock Warrants and Common Stock Warrant Liability (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	Sep. 13, 2018	Aug. 31, 2018	Aug. 13, 2018	Jul. 24, 2018	Jun. 20, 2018	Nov. 21, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Nov. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Jun. 30, 2015
Warrants exercised									(31,811)
Common Stock Offering Warrants Issued
Exercise price (in dollars per share)									$ 1.15
Share price (in dollars per share)									$ 1.22			$ 0.59
Change in fair value of the derivative warrant liability									$ (5)	$ 13
Fair value adjustment of warrants									1
Stock compensation expense									252	$ 698
Deemed dividend									333
Unexercised warrants									$ 3,181,841
Common Stock Warrants Issued To Participants in Offering of the Company's Common Stock [Member]
Common Stock Offering Warrants Issued					1,133,909
Number of shares purchased					1,133,909	4,657,500			1,133,909
Exercise price (in dollars per share)					$ 1.50	$ 1.50			$ 1.82
Warrant term						5 years
Description of method used						Lattice model
Share price (in dollars per share)						$ 1			$ 2.11
Fair value of common stock warrant						$ 661
Expected volatility rate						73.80%	72.60%
Expected term						5 years	5 years
Expected dividend rate						0.00%	0.00%
Risk free interest rate						1.87%	2.80%
Proceeds from warrant exercises					$ 1,700		$ 1,700
Stock compensation expense							1,700
Common Stock Warrant Issued to Underwriter of Common Stock Offering [Member]
Number of shares purchased								945,000
Exercise price (in dollars per share)			$ 0.95	$ 1.47				$ 1.50
Warrant term								5 years
Description of method used								Lattice model
Share price (in dollars per share)			$ 1.02	$ 1.38				$ 1
Fair value of common stock warrant								$ 134
Expected volatility rate			74.00%	72.40%				73.80%
Expected term			4 years 3 months	4 years 3 months 29 days				5 years
Expected dividend rate			0.00%	0.00%				0.00%
Risk free interest rate			2.75%	2.83%				1.87%
New Warrants November 8, 2017 [Member]
Number of shares purchased					1,133,909				341,750
Exercise price (in dollars per share)					$ 1.82
Proceeds from warrant exercises							$ 513
University of Arizona Common Stock Warrant [Member]
Number of shares purchased													15,000
Exercise price (in dollars per share)									$ 7.91				$ 7.50
Warrant term									5 years
Description of method used									Monte Carlo option pricing model
Expected volatility rate									77.70%
Expected dividend rate									0.00%
Risk free interest rate									1.93%
Change in fair value of the derivative warrant liability									$ 5
Derivative liability									$ 5				$ 53
Public Offering [Member]
Number of shares purchased						5,860,000
Exercise price (in dollars per share)						$ 1
Right Offering [Member]
Common Stock Offering Warrants Issued			5,357,052
Exercise price (in dollars per share)		$ 1.15
Share price (in dollars per share)			$ 0.94
Fair value of common stock warrant			$ 3,600
Expected volatility rate	159.00%
Expected term	5 years
Expected dividend rate	0.00%
Risk free interest rate	2.77%
Number of share issued in transaction			5,357,052
Right Offering [Member] | Warrant [Member] | Maxim Partners LLC [Member]
Common Stock Offering Warrants Issued		267,853
Exercise price (in dollars per share)		$ 1.725
Share price (in dollars per share)			$ 0.94
Fair value of common stock warrant			$ 169
Expected volatility rate			159.00%
Expected term			5 years
Expected dividend rate			0.00%
Risk free interest rate			2.77%

Stockholders' Deficit (Details

Stockholders' Deficit (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2015	Nov. 10, 2015	Oct. 31, 2015
Common stock, authorized	100,000,000		100,000,000		100,000,000	100,000
Preferred stock, authorized				15,000,000	10,000,000	10,000
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)					$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares, issued	23,560,864		23,471,999
Common stock, shares, outstanding	23,560,864		23,471,999
Cashless exercise of vested stock options	18,474
Settlement of compensation	$ 32
Warrants exercised	31,811
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001		$ 0.001		$ 0.001	$ .001
Common Stock Offering Warrants Issued
Settlement of compensation (in shares)	38,580
Common Stock [Member]
Aggregate number of common stock issued	88,865
Series A Preferred Stock [Member]
Preferred stock, authorized				7,515,000	2,000,000
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)				$ 0.001	$ 0.001

Stock-based Compensation (Detai

Stock-based Compensation (Details) - Employee [Member]	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Expected volatility	80.60%
Expected term (in years)	3 years
Risk-free interest rate	2.48%

Stock-based Compensation (Det_2

Stock-based Compensation (Details 1)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019USD ($)$ / sharesshares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Outstanding at beginning | shares	1,721,171
Granted | shares	8,218
Exercised | shares	(18,474)
Forfeited | shares	(39,500)
Expired | shares
Outstanding at ending | shares	1,635,889
Exercisable at ending | shares	1,416,500
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price [Roll Forward]
Outstanding at beginning	$ 1.57
Granted	0.854
Exercised	0.50
Forfeited
Expired
Outstanding at ending	1.54
Exercisable at ending	$ 1.57
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life [Roll Forward]
Outstanding at beginning	4 years
Granted	4 years 10 months 24 days
Outstanding at ending	3 years 9 months 18 days
Exercisable at ending	3 years
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Aggregate Intrinsic Value [Roll Forward]
Outstanding at beginning | $		[1]
Granted	$ 3	[1]
Outstanding at ending | $		[1]
Exercisable at ending | $		[1]
[1]	The aggregate intrinsic value in the table was calculated based on the difference between the estimated fair market value of the Company's stock and the exercise price of the underlying options. The estimated stock values used in the calculation was $1.22 and $0.59 per share for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and the year ended December 31, 2018, respectively.

Stock-based Compensation (Det_3

Stock-based Compensation (Details 2) - Restricted Stock Unit [Member]	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019$ / sharesshares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning | shares	136,245
Granted | shares	6,262
Vested | shares	(36,666)	[1]
Forfeited | shares
Balance at ending | shares	105,841
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning | $ / shares	$ 0.98
Granted | $ / shares	0.854
Vested | $ / shares	0.50
Forfeited | $ / shares
Balance at ending | $ / shares	$ 1.26
[1]	These shares vested on March 30, 2019 (Saturday) and were issued on Monday, April 1, 2019.

Stock-based Compensation (Det_4

Stock-based Compensation (Details 3) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense	$ 252	$ 698
Research and Development Expense [Member]
Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense	9	29
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member]
Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense	$ 243	$ 669

Stock-based Compensation (Det_5

Stock-based Compensation (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	Jul. 12, 2018	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Share price		$ 1.22	$ 0.59
Weighted average grant date fair value of options granted		$ 0.854
Equity Incentive Plan 2018 [Member]
Number of shares authorized	1,000,000
Number of additional shares authorized	2,874,280
Common stock capital shares reserved for future issuance		1,874,589
Equity Incentive Plan 2018 [Member] | Stock Option [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Vesting period		36 months
Equity Incentive Plan 2018 [Member] | Stock Option [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Vesting period		2 months
Stock Option Plan 2008-2009 [Member]
Compensation cost not yet recognized		$ 335
Unvested options weighted average period		24 months

Commitments and Contingencies_2

Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Capital Leases
2019	$ 73
2020	78
2021	63
2022	33
2023	3
Total minimum lease payments	250
Operating Lease
2019	203
2020	45
2021
2022
2023
Total minimum lease payments	248
Less: amounts representing interest (6.39%, ranging from 10.48% to 11.56%)	37
Present value of minimum lease payments	213
Less: current installments under capital lease obligations	77
Total long-term portion	$ 212	$ 232

Commitments and Contingencies_3

Commitments and Contingencies (Details Narrative) $ in Thousands	Nov. 16, 2016ft²	Mar. 31, 2019USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2018USD ($)
Rent expense		$ 68	$ 61
Lease commitments extended		P24M
Research and Development [Member]
Area | ft²	1,954
Lease expiration date	Nov. 15, 2018
Lease notice period	30 days
Office and Computer Equipment [Member]
Accumulated amortization		$ 521
Research and Development Equipment [Member]
Accumulated amortization		$ 225

Subsequent Events (Details Narr

Subsequent Events (Details Narrative) - Subsequent Event [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	2 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2019	May 31, 2019
Warrant [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Number of shares issued		1,411,885
Net proceeds from exercise of warrant		$ 1,600
Employees [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Number of shares issued	17,042
Two Former Employees [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Number of shares issued	3,488