SenesTech (SNES) 10-K 16 Mar 23 2022 FY Annual report Financial data

Document And Entity Information

Document And Entity Information - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Mar. 15, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2022
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-37941
Entity Registrant Name	SENESTECH, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	20-2079805
Entity Address, Address Line One	23460 N. 19th Ave
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 110
Entity Address, City or Town	Phoenix
Entity Address, State or Province	AZ
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	85027
City Area Code	(928)
Local Phone Number	779-4143
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.001 par value
Trading Symbol	SNES
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 6,442,000
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		2,052,873
Documents Incorporated by Reference	Documents Incorporated by Reference Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.
Entity Central Index Key	0001680378
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2022
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Amendment Flag	false

AUDIT INFORMATION

AUDIT INFORMATION	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Audit Information [Abstract]
Auditor Firm ID	2738
Auditor Name	M&K CPAS, PLLC
Auditor Location	Houston, TX

BALANCE SHEETS

BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 4,775	$ 9,326
Accounts receivable, net	113	77
Prepaid expenses	378	230
Inventory, net	853	1,001
Total current assets	6,119	10,634
Right to use assets, operating leases	347	511
Property and equipment, net	294	334
Other noncurrent assets	22	22
Total assets	6,782	11,501
Current liabilities:
Short-term debt	0	32
Accounts payable	540	333
Accrued expenses	560	578
Current portion of operating lease liability	180	164
Deferred revenue	44	0
Total current liabilities	1,324	1,107
Operating lease liability, less current portion	179	359
Total liabilities	1,503	1,466
Commitments and contingencies (see notes)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding	0	0
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 809,648 and 610,364 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively	1	1
Additional paid-in capital	127,481	122,542
Accumulated deficit	(122,203)	(112,508)
Total stockholders’ equity	5,279	10,035
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 6,782	$ 11,501

BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical)

BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	809,648	610,364
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	809,648	610,364

STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CO

STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Revenues:
Total revenues	$ 1,019	$ 600
Cost of sales	555	356
Gross profit	464	244
Operating expenses:
Research and development	1,859	1,954
Selling, general and administrative	8,279	7,224
Total operating expenses	10,138	9,178
Loss from operations	(9,674)	(8,934)
Other income (expense):
Interest income	7	4
Interest expense	(2)	(11)
Payroll Protection Program loan forgiveness	0	651
Miscellaneous income (expense)	(26)	22
Other income (expense), net	(21)	666
Net loss	(9,695)	(8,268)
Comprehensive loss	$ (9,695)	$ (8,268)
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic (in shares)	625,401	559,591
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted (in shares)	625,401	559,591
Loss per share - basic (in dollars per share)	$ (15.50)	$ (14.77)
Loss per share - diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (15.50)	$ (14.77)
Product sales, net
Revenues:
Total revenues	$ 1,019	$ 576
Grant revenue
Revenues:
Total revenues	$ 0	$ 24

STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKH

STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Deficit
Beginning Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020		254,976
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 3,884	$ 0	$ 108,124	$ (104,240)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation	765		765
Net proceeds received for issuance of common stock (in shares)		308,193
Net proceeds received for issuance of common stock	12,421		12,421
Net proceeds received for exchange of warrants for common stock (in shares)		46,148
Net proceeds received for exchange of warrants for common stock	1,250		1,250
Issuance of common stock for services (in shares)		1,047
Shares forfeited for payment of employee withholding taxes related to share based awards	(17)		(17)
Net loss	$ (8,268)			(8,268)
Ending Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021	610,364	610,364
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 10,035	$ 1	122,542	(112,508)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock-based compensation	707		707
Net proceeds received for issuance of common stock and prefunding of warrants (in shares)		67,572
Net proceeds received for issuance of common stock and prefunding of warrants	4,228		4,228
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants (in shares)		131,000
Issuance of common stock for services (in shares)		679
Issuance of common stock for services	$ 4		4
Issuance of common stock for fractional shares in the 20:1 reverse stock split (in shares)	33
Net loss	$ (9,695)			(9,695)
Ending Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	809,648	809,648
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 5,279	$ 1	$ 127,481	$ (122,203)

STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOC_2

STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Parenthetical)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Stock split ratio, common stock	0.05

STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (9,695)	$ (8,268)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	183	303
Stock-based compensation	711	765
Paycheck Protection Program loan forgiveness	0	(646)
Loss on sale of equipment	28	0
Bad debt expense	6	0
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(42)	(52)
Other assets	0	12
Prepaid expenses	(148)	(52)
Inventory	148	(56)
Accounts payable	206	(71)
Accrued expenses	(18)	286
Deferred revenue	44	0
Net cash used in operating activities	(8,577)	(7,779)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds received on sale of property and equipment	4	1
Purchase of property and equipment	(174)	(100)
Net cash used in investing activities	(170)	(99)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock, net	4,228	12,421
Repayments of notes payable	(5)	(39)
Repayments of finance lease obligations	(27)	(54)
Proceeds from the exercise of warrants	0	1,250
Payment of employee withholding taxes related to share based awards	0	(17)
Net cash provided by financing activities	4,196	13,561
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(4,551)	5,683
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year	9,326	3,643
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year	4,775	9,326
Cash paid for:
Interest paid	1	11
Income taxes paid	$ 0	$ 0

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

BASIS OF PRESENTATION	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
BASIS OF PRESENTATION	BASIS OF PRESENTATION Nature of Business SenesTech, Inc. (referred to in this report as “SenesTech,” the “Company,” “we” or “us”) was incorporated in the state of Nevada in July 2004. On November 15, 2015, the Company subsequently reincorporated in the state of Delaware. Our corporate headquarters and manufacturing site are in Phoenix, Arizona. We have developed and are commercializing a global, proprietary technology for managing animal pest populations, initially rat populations, through fertility control with our product known as ContraPest. ContraPest is a liquid bait containing the active ingredients 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide and triptolide. ContraPest limits reproduction of male and female rats beginning with the first breeding cycle following consumption. ContraPest is being marketed for use in controlling Norway and roof rat populations. In addition to the EPA registration of ContraPest in the United States, we must obtain registration from the various state regulatory agencies prior to selling in each state. To date, we have received registration for ContraPest in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, 48 of which have approved the removal of the Restricted Use designation, as well as the District of Columbia and five major U.S. territories. Reverse Stock Split On November 15, 2022, we amended our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to effect a 1-for-20 reverse split of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock. The accompanying financial statements and notes thereto give retrospective effect to the reverse stock split for all periods presented. All issued and outstanding common stock, options and warrants exercisable for common stock, restricted stock units and per share amounts contained in our financial statements have been retrospectively adjusted. Going Concern Although our audited financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were prepared under the assumption that we would continue our operations as a going concern, the report of our independent registered public accounting firm that accompanies our financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 contains a going concern qualification in which such firm expressed substantial doubt in our ability to continue as a going concern without additional capital from becoming available, based on the financial statements at that time. Specifically, as noted above, we have incurred operating losses since our inception, and we expect to continue to incur significant expenses and operating losses for the foreseeable future. These prior losses and expected future losses have had, and will continue to have, an adverse effect on our financial condition. If we encounter continued issues or delays in the commercialization of ContraPest, our prior losses and expected future losses could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and negatively impact our ability to fund continued operations, obtain additional financing in the future and continue as a going concern. There are no assurances that such financing, if necessary, will be available to us at all or will be available in sufficient amounts or on reasonable terms. Our financial statements do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty. If we are unable to generate additional funds in the future through financings, sales of our products, licensing fees, royalty payments or from other sources or transactions, we will exhaust our resources and will be unable to continue operations. Need for Additional Capital Since our inception, we have sustained significant operating losses in the course of our research and development and commercialization activities and expect such losses to continue for the near future. We have generated limited revenue to date from product sales, research grants and licensing fees from a former license. We have primarily funded our operations to date through the sale of equity securities, including convertible preferred stock, common stock and warrants to purchase common stock; and debt financing, consisting primarily of convertible notes. As of December 31, 2022, we had an accumulated deficit of $122.2 million and cash and cash equivalents of $4.8 million. In April 2020, we received cash proceeds of $645,700 from the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”). We used the proceeds from the PPP loan to retain employees, maintain payroll and make lease, interest and utility payments. In June 2021, the Company received notification from BMO Harris Bank National Association as the lender in a promissory note pursuant to the CARES Act, that this loan was forgiven in full under the terms of the program. Our ultimate success depends upon the outcome of a combination of factors, including the following: (i) successful commercialization of ContraPest and maintaining and obtaining regulatory approval of our products and product candidates; (ii) market acceptance, commercial viability and profitability of ContraPest and other products; (iii) the ability to market our products and establish an effective sales force and marketing infrastructure to generate significant revenue; (iv) the success of our research and development; (v) the ability to retain and attract key personnel to develop, operate and grow our business; and (vi) our ability to meet our working capital needs. Based upon our current operating plan, we expect that cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2022, in combination with anticipated revenue and any additional sales of our equity securities, will be sufficient to fund our current operations for at least the next 12 months. We have evaluated and will continue to evaluate our operating expenses and will concentrate our resources toward the successful commercialization of ContraPest in the United States. However, if anticipated revenue targets and margin targets are not achieved or expenses are more than we have budgeted, we may need to raise additional financing before that time. If we need more financing, including within the next 12 months, and we are unable to raise necessary capital through the sale of our securities, we may be required to take other measures that could impair our ability to be successful and operate as a going concern. In any event, we may require additional capital in order to fund our operating losses and research and development activities before we become profitable and may opportunistically raise capital. We may never achieve profitability or generate positive cash flows, and unless and until we do, we will continue to need to raise capital through equity or debt financing. If such equity or debt financing is not available at adequate levels or on acceptable terms, we may need to delay, limit or terminate commercialization and development efforts or discontinue operations. Use of Estimates The preparation of our financial statements and related disclosures in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in our financial statements. We base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different conditions. Reclassifications To conform with the 2022 presentation, we have reclassified (i) Deposits of $22,000 with Other noncurrent assets and (ii) provided separate presentation of Current portion of operating lease liability of $164,000 from Operating lease liability in the balance sheet as of December 31, 2021. In addition, we have reclassified $22,000 to Miscellaneous income from Paycheck Protection Program loan forgiveness in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2021. These reclassifications had no impact on our statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2021.

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTI

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Cash and Cash Equivalents Highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less as the date of acquisition are classified as cash equivalents, of which we had $4.4 million and $8.8 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, included within Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheets. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable are recorded at invoiced amounts based on standard prices and do not bear interest. We provide an allowance for doubtful receivables equal to the estimated uncollectible amounts. That estimate is based on historical collection experience, current economic and market conditions and a review of the current status of each customer’s trade accounts receivable. Provisions for uncollectible accounts receivable are charged to Selling, general and administrative expense, with an offsetting credit to the allowance for uncollectible accounts. Inventories Inventories consist of raw materials, work in progress and finished goods and are stated at the lower of cost or market value, using the first-in, first-out convention. Cost includes the acquired cost of raw materials, with work-in-progress and finished goods including the application of labor and overhead costs related to the manufacturing process. Raw materials are stocked to reduce the risk of impact on manufacturing for any potential supply interruptions or long lead times on certain ingredients. Reserves for obsolete inventory consist of reserves primarily related to obsolete product containers and delivery systems. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Equipment held under finance leases are stated at the present value of minimum lease payments less accumulated amortization. Depreciation on property and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets as follows: Research and development equipment 5 years Office and computer equipment 3 years Autos 5 years Furniture and fixtures 7 years The cost of leasehold improvements is amortized over the life of the improvement or the term of the lease, whichever is shorter. Equipment held under finance leases are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful life of the asset. The Company incurs maintenance costs on its major equipment. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If circumstances require long-lived assets or asset groups to be tested for possible impairment, the Company compares the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated from the use of the asset or asset group to its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, an impairment charge is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds its fair value. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, such as discounted cash flow models and the use of third- party independent appraisals. We have not recorded an impairment of long-lived assets since our inception. Revenue Recognition In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606 — Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), we recognize revenue from the commercial sales of products, licensing agreements and contracts to perform pilot studies by applying the following steps: (1) identify the contract with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when each performance obligation is satisfied. We recognize revenue when product is shipped at a fixed selling price on payment terms of 30 to 120 days from invoicing. We recognize other revenue earned from pilot studies, consulting and implementation services upon the performance of specific services under the respective service contract. We derive revenue primarily from commercial sales of products, net of discounts and promotions, as well as consulting and implementation services provided in conjunction with our product deployments. Research and Development Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development employees, stock-based compensation, consulting fees, lab supplies, costs incurred related to conducting scientific trials and field studies, regulatory compliance costs, as well as manufacturing costs associated with process improvement and other research. Research and development expenses include an allocation of facilities related costs, including depreciation of equipment. Stock-based Compensation Stock-based awards, consisting of stock options and restricted stock units expected to be settled in shares of our common stock, are recorded as equity awards. The grant date fair value of these awards is measured using the Black-Scholes option pricing model for stock options and grant date market value for restricted stock units. We expense the grant date fair value of our stock-based awards on a straight-line basis over their respective vesting periods. Advertising Costs Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and was $369,000 and $431,000 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Income Taxes We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial statements and tax bases of assets and liabilities and net operating loss carryforwards using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in the period that includes the enactment date. We record net deferred tax assets to the extent we believe these assets will more likely than not be realized. These deferred tax assets are subject to periodic assessments as to recoverability and if it is determined that it is more likely than not that the benefits will not be realized, valuation allowances are recorded which would increase the provision for income taxes. In making such determination, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent financial operations. We currently maintain a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets. We apply a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold for all tax uncertainties. Only those benefits that have a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities are recognized. Based on our evaluation, we have concluded there are no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in our financial statements. We recognize interest and/or penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. There are no uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2022 or December 31, 2021 and as such, no interest or penalties were recorded in income tax expense. Comprehensive Loss We have no other comprehensive income items for the periods presented. As a result, our net loss and comprehensive loss were the same for all periods presented and a separate statement of comprehensive loss is not included in the accompanying financial statements.

BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS

BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS	BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS Accounts Receivable, Net Accounts receivable, net consist of the following (in thousands): As of December 31, 2022 2021 Accounts receivable $ 119 $ 77 Allowance for uncollectible accounts (6) — Accounts receivable, net $ 113 $ 77 The following is the activity in the allowance for uncollectible accounts (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Balance as of beginning of year $ — $ — Increase in provision 8 — Amounts written off, less recoveries (2) — Balance as of end of year $ 6 $ — Inventory, Net Inventory, net consist of the following (in thousands): As of December 31, 2022 2021 Raw materials $ 772 $ 937 Work in progress 0 5 Finished goods 99 88 Total inventory 871 1,030 Reserve for obsolescence (18) (29) Inventory, net $ 853 $ 1,001 The following is the activity in the reserve for obsolescence (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Balance as of beginning of year $ 29 $ 123 Increase in reserve — 13 Amounts relieved (11) (107) Balance as of end of year $ 18 $ 29 Prepaid Expenses Prepaid expenses consist of the following (in thousands): As of December 31, 2022 2021 Software licenses $ 157 $ 14 Marketing programs and conferences 74 66 Insurance 61 109 Patents 39 41 Professional services 41 — Other 6 — Total prepaid expenses $ 378 $ 230 Property and Equipment, Net Property and equipment, net consist of the following (in thousands): As of December 31, 2022 2021 Research and development equipment $ 1,558 $ 1,425 Office and computer equipment 800 762 Autos 54 54 Furniture and fixtures 41 41 Leasehold improvements 119 112 Total in service 2,572 2,394 Accumulated depreciation and amortization (2,283) (2,105) Total in service, net 289 289 Construction in progress 5 45 Property and equipment, net $ 294 $ 334 During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, depreciation and amortization expense was $183,000 and $303,000, respectively. Accrued Expenses Accrued expenses consist of the following (in thousands): As of December 31, 2022 2021 Compensation, severance and related benefits $ 497 $ 524 Legal services 36 17 Product warranty 18 18 Personal property and franchise tax 6 5 Other 3 14 Total accrued expenses $ 560 $ 578

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS	FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS The accounting guidance for fair value, among other things, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure for each major asset and liability category measured at fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the reporting date. The framework for measuring fair value consists of a three-level valuation hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value based upon whether such inputs are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect market assumptions made by the reporting entity. The three-level hierarchy for the inputs to valuation techniques is briefly summarized as follows: Level 1 — Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date; Level 2 — Inputs are observable, unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the related assets or liabilities; and Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities that are supported by little or no market data. An asset’s or liability’s fair value measurement level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Valuation techniques used need to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are based on one or more of the following three valuation techniques: A. Market approach: Prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. B. Cost approach: Amount that would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset (replacement cost). C. Income approach: Techniques to convert future amounts to a single present amount based upon market expectations, including present value techniques, option-pricing and excess earnings models. Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value The carrying amounts of our financial instruments, including accounts payable and accrued liabilities, approximate fair value due to their short maturities. The estimated fair value of the long-term debt, not recorded at fair value, are recorded at cost or amortized cost, which was deemed to estimate fair value.

LEASES

LEASES	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
LEASES	LEASESWe determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception and whether the arrangement is classified as an operating or finance lease. At commencement of the lease, we record a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and lease liability in the balance sheet based on the present value of lease payments over the term of the arrangement. ROU assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. If the implicit rate is not readily determinable in the contract, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Contract terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease, and, when we deem it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option, it is included in the ROU asset and liability. Operating leases reflect lease expense on a straight-line basis, while any finance leases result in the separate presentation of interest expense on the lease liability and amortization expense of the ROU asset. We have operating leases for our corporate headquarters and our manufacturing and research facility, which expire in 2024. We were obligated under finance leases for certain research and computer equipment, of which the last arrangement expired in July 2023. The components of lease cost are as follows (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Operating lease cost $ 222 $ 222 Finance lease cost: Amortization of ROU asset 35 86 Interest on lease liability 1 6 Total finance lease cost $ 36 $ 92 As of December 31, 2022, maturities of operating lease liabilities are follows (in thousands): Years Ending December 31: 2023 $ 198 2024 186 Total operating lease payments 384 Less imputed interest (25) Total operating lease liabilities $ 359
LEASES	LEASESWe determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception and whether the arrangement is classified as an operating or finance lease. At commencement of the lease, we record a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and lease liability in the balance sheet based on the present value of lease payments over the term of the arrangement. ROU assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. If the implicit rate is not readily determinable in the contract, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Contract terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease, and, when we deem it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option, it is included in the ROU asset and liability. Operating leases reflect lease expense on a straight-line basis, while any finance leases result in the separate presentation of interest expense on the lease liability and amortization expense of the ROU asset. We have operating leases for our corporate headquarters and our manufacturing and research facility, which expire in 2024. We were obligated under finance leases for certain research and computer equipment, of which the last arrangement expired in July 2023. The components of lease cost are as follows (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Operating lease cost $ 222 $ 222 Finance lease cost: Amortization of ROU asset 35 86 Interest on lease liability 1 6 Total finance lease cost $ 36 $ 92 As of December 31, 2022, maturities of operating lease liabilities are follows (in thousands): Years Ending December 31: 2023 $ 198 2024 186 Total operating lease payments 384 Less imputed interest (25) Total operating lease liabilities $ 359

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION	STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION In 2018, our stockholders approved the adoption of the SenesTech, Inc. 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”). The 2018 Plan has since been amended and restated on certain occasions, most recently on October 12, 2022, when our stockholders approved an increase to the total number of authorized shares to 348,614 shares. Stock options are generally issued with a per share exercise price equal to the fair market value of our common stock at the date of grant. Options granted generally vest immediately, or ratably over a two As of December 31, 2022, we had 164,486 shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2018 Plan. Stock Options We measure the fair value of stock options with service-based vesting criteria to employees, directors and consultants on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes valuation model requires us to make certain estimates and assumptions, including assumptions related to the expected price volatility of our stock, the period during which the options will be outstanding, the rate of return on risk-free investments, and the expected dividend yield for our stock. Fair value of options granted is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions: 2022 2021 Risk-free interest rate 3.7 % 0.5 % Expected dividend yield — % — % Expected volatility 90.5 % 95.8 % Expected term (in years) 3.3 3.0 Due to our limited operating history and lack of company-specific historical or implied volatility, the expected volatility assumption was determined based on historical volatilities from traded options of biotech companies of comparable size and stability, whose share prices are publicly available. The expected term of options granted to employees is calculated based on the mid-point between the vesting date and the end of the contractual term according to the simplified method as described in SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin 110 because we do not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the expected term due to the limited period of time our awards have been outstanding. For non-employee options, the expected term of options granted is the contractual term of the options. The risk-free interest rate is determined by reference to the implied yields of U.S. Treasury securities with a remaining term equal to the expected term assumed at the time of grant. The expected dividend assumption is based on our history and expectation of dividend payouts. We have not paid and do not intend to pay dividends. The stock option activity consists of the following: Number of Weighted Weighted Aggregate Outstanding as of December 31, 2020 24,824 $ 172.60 3.9 $ — Granted 29,932 19.40 4.6 $ — Exercised — — — $ — Forfeited (165) — — $ — Expired (200) — — $ — Outstanding as of December 31, 2021 54,391 172.60 3.9 $ — Granted 241,962 5.79 4.8 $ — Exercised — — — $ — Forfeited (15,343) — — $ — Expired (200) — — $ — Outstanding as of December 31, 2022 280,810 17.00 3.9 $ — Exercisable as of December 31, 2022 71,131 55.40 3.9 $ — (1) The aggregate intrinsic value on the table was calculated based on the difference between the estimated fair value of our stock and the exercise price of the underlying option. The estimated stock values used in the calculation was $5.96 and $19.60 per share for each of the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted to employees for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $3.42 per share. As of December 31, 2022, the unrecognized stock-based compensation cost was $569,000, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 28 months. Restricted Stock Units The restricted stock unit activity consists of the following: Number of Weighted Average Outstanding as of December 31, 2020 1,603 $ 82.60 Granted — — Vested (1,570) 84.40 Forfeited — — Outstanding as of December 31, 2021 33 36.00 Granted 19,049 2.87 Vested (283) 17.67 Forfeited — — Outstanding as of December 31, 2022 18,799 2.71 The stock-based compensation expense was recorded as following (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Research and development $ 3 $ 3 General and administrative 708 762 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 711 $ 765

INCOME TAXES

INCOME TAXES	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
INCOME TAXES	INCOME TAXES Our losses before income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were generated entirely from U.S. operations. We have no current or deferred provision for income taxes from continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. The significant differences between the U.S. Federal statutory rate and our effective rate for financial reporting purposes are as follows: Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Federal statutory tax rate (21.0) % (21.0) % State taxed, net of federal tax benefit (3.7) (4.0) Change in valuation allowance 14.3 23.9 Return-to-provision and other 7.9 1.3 Stock-based compensation 2.5 1.4 PPP loan forgiveness — (1.7) Effective tax rate — % — % Deferred income tax assets and liabilities consist of the following (in thousands): As of December 31, 2022 2021 Deferred income tax assets: Federal and state net operating loss carryovers $ 20,498 $ 19,448 Capitalized research costs 432 — Stock-based compensation 253 333 Compensation accruals and other 92 139 Operating leases related to ROU assets 89 130 Deferred revenue 11 — Depreciation 8 — Other 1 — Total deferred income tax assets 21,384 20,050 Valuation allowance for deferred income tax assets (21,298) (19,916) Deferred income tax assets, net of valuation allowance 86 134 Deferred income tax liabilities: Depreciation — (7) ROU assets (86) (127) Total deferred income tax liabilities (86) (134) Deferred income tax assets, net $ — $ — A valuation allowance has been recognized to offset the net deferred tax assets as realization of such deferred tax assets have not met the more likely than not threshold. As of December 31, 2022, we had federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $84.5 million and $71.0 million, respectively, not considering the IRC Section 382 annual limitation discussed below. The federal loss carryforwards begin to expire in 2029, unless previously utilized. In addition, we have approximately $40.1 million of the total $84.5 million of net operating losses that do not expire, as these losses were generated after the law change introduced as part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The state net operating losses expire if not utilized by 2042. Additionally, the utilization of the net operating loss carryforwards could be subject to an annual limitation under Section 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, and similar state tax provisions due to ownership change limitations that have occurred previously or that could occur in the future. These ownership changes limit the amount of net operating loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets that can be utilized to offset future taxable income and tax, respectively. In general, an ownership change, as defined by Section 382 and 383, results from transactions increasing ownership of certain stockholders or public groups in the stock of the corporation by more than 50 percentage points over a three-year period. We have not conducted an analysis of an ownership change under section 382. To the extent that a study is completed and an ownership change is deemed to occur, our net operating losses could be limited. We do not have any unrecognized tax benefits at the beginning and end of the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, and do not expect a significant change in unrecognized tax benefits over the next 12 months. We file income tax returns in the United States and Arizona with general statutes of limitations of three and four years, respectively. Due to net operating losses incurred, our tax returns from inception to date are subject to examination by taxing authorities. Our policy is to recognize interest expense and penalties related to income tax matters as a component of income tax expense. As of December 31, 2022, we had no interest or penalties accrued related to uncertain tax positions.

STOCKHOLDERS_ EQUITY

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Preferred Stock We are authorized to issue 10 million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.001. Rights and any series designation would be established at time of issuance of preferred stock. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021 there was no preferred stock outstanding. Common Stock We are authorized to issue 100 million shares of common stock with a par value of $0.001 per share. Stockholders of common stock have unlimited voting rights and are entitled to receive the net assets of the Company upon dissolution, subject to the rights of the preferred stockholders, if any. We had the following common stock offerings in 2022 and 2021: November 2022 . We consummated a private placement with certain institutional and accredited investors and issued an aggregate of 67,572 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $3.50 per share, pre-funded warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,361,000 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $3.50 per pre-funded warrant (“Pre-Funded Warrants”) and associated warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 2,857,144 share of common stock at $3.165 per share, for gross proceeds of approximately $5.0 million, prior to deducting placement agent fees and offering expenses. In connection with this offering, we issued the placement agent warrants to purchase up to 107,143 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $4.375 per share. Of the Pre-Funded Warrants, 131,000 were exercised in December 2022, with the remaining 1,230,000 exercised in early 2023. The common stock, Pre-Funded Warrants and warrants sold in this November 2022 public offering were offered and sold pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-267991) initially filed with the SEC on October 24, 2022, as amended, which was declared effective by the SEC on November 16, 2022. March 2021 . We consummated a registered direct offering with certain institutional investors and issued an aggregate of 98,750 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $40.00 per share for gross proceeds of approximately $3.95 million, pursuant to a prospectus, dated August 24, 2018, and a prospectus supplement, dated March 22, 2021, in connection with a takedown from our shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-225712). In connection with the offering, we issued the placement agent warrants to purchase up to 7,408 shares of common stock at an exercise price per share of $50.00 per share. February 2021. We consummated a private placement with certain institutional and accredited investors and issued an aggregate of 198,443 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $45.57 per share, pre-funded warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 21,000 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $2.2775 per pre-funded warrant and associated warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 109,730 shares of common stock, for gross proceeds of approximately $10.0 million, prior to deducting placement agent fees and offering expenses. During 2021, all 420,000 pre-funded shares had been distributed. In connection with the offering, we issued the placement agent warrants to purchase up to 329,164 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $2.8481 per share. The following is the activity for common stock warrants: Issue Date Warrant Type Term Exercise Balance Issued Exercised Expired Balance Issued Exercised Expired Balance November 2017 Common Stock Offering November 2022 $ 27.32 7,175 — (1,089) — 6,086 — — (6,086) — June 2018 Reissue December 2023 $ 728.00 2,835 — — — 2,835 — — — 2,835 August 2018 Rights Offering July 2023 $ 460.00 10,149 — (25) — 10,124 — — — 10,124 August 2018 Dealer Manager August 2023 $ 690.00 670 — — — 670 — — — 670 July 2019 Dealer Manager July 2024 $ 675.00 419 — — — 419 — — — 419 January 2020 Registered Direct Offering July 2025 $ 180.00 8,761 — — — 8,761 — — — 8,761 January 2020 Dealer Manager July 2025 $ 200.00 667 — — — 667 — — — 667 March 2020 Dealer Manager March 2025 $ 75.13 664 — — — 664 — — — 664 April 2020 Dealer Manager April 2025 $ 79.40 5,906 — — — 5,906 — — — 5,906 April 2020 Registered Direct Offering April 2025 $ 61.00 2,500 — — — 2,500 — — — 2,500 October 2020 Private Inducement April 2026 $ 34.500 35,034 — (35,034) — — — — — — October 2020 Private Inducement November 2027 $ 3.165 50,000 — — — 50,000 — — — 50,000 October 2020 Dealer Manager April 2026 $ 43.12 4,254 — — — 4,254 — — — 4,254 February 2021 Private Placement Agreement August 2026 $ 44.32 — 82,300 — — 82,300 — — — 82,300 February 2021 Private Placement Agreement November 2027 $ 3.165 — 27,430 — — 27,430 — — — 27,430 February 2021 Dealer Manager August 2026 $ 56.96 — 16,460 — — 16,460 — — — 16,460 March 2021 Dealer Manager March 2026 $ 50.00 — 7,408 — — 7,408 — — — 7,408 November 2022 Pre-Funded Warrants February 2023 $ 3.50 — — — — — 1,361,000 (131,000) — 1,230,000 November 2022 Series A November 2027 $ 3.165 — — — — — 1,428,572 — — 1,428,572 November 2022 Series B December 2023 $ 3.165 — — — — — 1,428,572 — — 1,428,572 November 2022 Dealer Manager November 2027 $ 4.375 — — — — — 107,143 — — 107,143 129,034 133,598 (35,059) — 226,484 4,325,287 (131,000) — 4,414,685 As of December 31, 2022, we had 4,414,685 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding common stock warrants, at a weighted-average exercise price of $6.58 per share and expiring as follows: Weighted Average Exercise Price Shares Years Ending December 31: 2023 $ 5.99 2,672,201 2024 675.00 419 2025 128.75 18,498 2026 46.54 110,422 2027 3.25 1,613,145 6.58 4,414,685 Common Stock Warrant Inducement In June 2018, in order to induce an existing warrant holder to exercise its original warrant representing 2,835 shares of common stock for cash at the $600.00 exercise price for gross proceeds of $1.7 million, we issued to the holder a new warrant to purchase 2,835 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $728.00 per share. In connection with the issuance of these inducement warrants, we recorded stock-based compensation expense of $1,700, representing the fair value of the inducement warrants issued using the Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $844.00 per share; comparable company volatility of 72.6%; remaining term of five years; dividend yield of 0%; and risk-free interest rate of 2.8%. Common Stock Warrants Issued in August 2018 Rights Offering In August 2018, in connection with a rights offering of 13,393 shares of our common stock, we issued warrants to purchase 13,393 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $460.00 per share. We estimated the fair value of these warrants to be $3.6 million using a Monte Carlo model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $376.00 per share; comparable company volatility of 159.0%; remaining term of five years; dividend yield of 0%; and risk-free interest rate of 2.77%. In connection with the closing of the August 2018 rights offering, we issued warrants to purchase 670 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $690.00 per share to Maxim Partners LLC, an affiliate of the dealer-manager of the rights offering. We estimated the fair value of these warrants to be $169,000 using a using a Monte Carlo model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $376.00 per share; comparable company volatility of 159.0%; remaining term of five years; dividend yield of 0%; and risk-free interest rate of 2.77%. Common Stock Warrant Issued to Underwriter of Common Stock Offering In July 2019, we issued to H.C. Wainwright & Co., as placement agent, a warrant to purchase 419 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $675.00 per share as consideration for providing services in connection with a common stock offering in July 2019. We estimated the fair value of this warrant to be $127,000 using a lattice model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $536.00 per share; comparable company volatility of 133.3%; remaining term of five years; dividend yield of 0%; and risk-free interest rate of 2.07%. Common Stock Warrants Issued in January 2020 Private Placement In January 2020, in a private placement concurrent with a registered direct offering of shares of our common stock, we also issued warrants to purchase an aggregate of up to 8,875 shares of common stock to certain institutional and accredited investors that participated in the 2020 Registered Direct Offerings (the “January 2020 Warrants”). These warrants were issued in reliance on the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506(b) of Regulation D promulgated thereunder. Terms used but not otherwise defined herein will have the meanings given them in the warrants, attached as Exhibit 4.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on January 28, 2020. We estimated the fair value of the January 2020 Warrants to be $813,000 using a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $158.00 per share; comparable company volatility of 73.8%; remaining term of five years; dividend yield of 0% and risk-free interest rate of 1.53%. For so long as the January 2020 Warrants remain outstanding, the exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of these warrants are subject to adjustment as follows: (a) upon payment of a stock dividend or other distribution on a class or series of shares common stock, not including shares issued under this warrant; (b) upon subdivision (by stock spilled, stock dividend, recapitalization, or otherwise) or combination (by reverse stock split or otherwise) of shares of common stock; or (c) upon the issuance of any shares of capital stock by reclassification of shares of the common stock. In the event that we declare or make any dividend or other distribution of our assets to holders of our common stock, each January 2020 Warrants holder will be entitled to participate in such distribution to the same extent that such holder would have participated therein if the holder had held the number of shares of common stock acquirable upon exercise of the January 2020 Warrants. In the event of a Fundamental Transaction, as described in the January 2020 Warrants and generally including the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of our properties or assets; our consolidation or merger with or into another person or reorganization; a recapitalization, reorganization or reclassification in which our common stock is converted into other securities, cash or property; or any acquisition of our outstanding common stock that results in any person or group becoming the beneficial owner of 50% of the voting power represented by our outstanding common stock, then the holders of the 2020 Warrants will be entitled to receive upon exercise of such warrants the kind and amount of securities, cash, assets or other property that the holders would have received had they exercised the January 2020 Warrants immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction. Subject to certain limitations, in the event of a Fundamental Transaction the January 2020 Warrants holder may at its option require us or any successor entity to purchase such warrant from the holder by paying to the holder an amount of cash equal to the Black Scholes Value of the remaining unexercised portion of the 2020 Warrant on the date of the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction. Any time that we grant, issue, or sell any securities pro rata to all of the record holders of our common stock (the “2020 Purchase Right”), each holder of January 2020 Warrants will be entitled to acquire the aggregate amount of securities that the holder could have acquired if the holder had held the number of shares of common stock acquirable upon exercise of the applicable January 2020 Warrants. However, to the extent that an exercise of a 2020 Purchase Right would exceed the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (defined below), then to such extent the 2020 Purchase Right will be held in abeyance until such time, if ever, that complete exercise of the 2020 Purchase Right would not exceed the Beneficial Ownership Limitation. After the Initial Exercisability Date, the January 2020 Warrants will be exercisable, at the option of each holder, in whole or in part, by delivering to us a duly executed exercise notice accompanied by payment in full for the number of shares of our common stock purchased upon such exercise. If, at the time a holder exercises the January 2020 Warrants (but not sooner than six months following the date of such warrant), a registration statement registering the issuance of the shares of common stock underlying the January 2020 Warrants under the Securities Act is not then effective or available, nor is any current prospectus thereto available, and an exemption from registration under the Securities Act is not available for the issuance of such shares, then in lieu of making the cash payment otherwise contemplated to be made to us upon such exercise in payment of the aggregate exercise price, the holder may elect instead to receive upon such exercise (either in whole or in part) the number of shares of common stock determined according to a formula set forth in the January 2020 Warrants. Limitations on Exercise . A holder (together with its affiliates) may not exercise any portion of the January 2020 Warrants to the extent that the holder would own more than 4.99% of the outstanding common stock after exercise (the “Beneficial Ownership Limitation”), except that upon at least 61 days’ prior notice from the holder to us, the holder may increase the Beneficial Ownership Limitation up to 9.99% of the number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the January 2020 Warrants. No fractional shares of common stock will be issued in connection with the exercise of a January 2020 Warrants. In lieu of fractional shares, we will either pay the holder an amount in cash equal to the fractional amount multiplied by the exercise price or round up to the next whole share. Except as otherwise provided in the January 2020 Warrants or by virtue of such holder’s ownership of shares of our common stock, the holders of the January 2020 Warrants do not have the rights or privileges of holders of our common stock, including any voting rights, unless and until they exercise such warrants. Common Stock Warrants Issued in April 2020 Public Offering In April 2020, in connection with a previously announced public offering of our common stock, we issued warrants to purchase 78,715 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $61.00 to the participants in the public offering (the “April 2020 Warrants”). We estimated the fair value of these warrants to be $2.4 million using a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $48.00 per share; comparable company volatility of 87.9%; remaining term of five years; dividend yield of 0%; and risk-free interest rate of 0.18%. The common stock, pre-funded warrants and warrants sold in this April 2020 public offering were offered and sold pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-236302) initially filed with the SEC on February 7, 2020, as amended (“Registration Statement”), which was declared effective by the SEC on February 14, 2020. The Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registration Statement was declared effective by the SEC on April 21, 2020. Common Stock Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in 2020 Private Placements In connection with the separate private placements concurrent with registered direct offerings of shares of our common stock, we issued to H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, as placement agent, in January 2020, warrants to purchase 667 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $200.00 per share and in March 2020, warrant to purchase 664 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $75.13 per share. These warrants were issued in reliance on the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506(b) of Regulation D promulgated thereunder and have substantially similar terms as the January 2020 Warrants described above, except for differing exercise prices. We estimated the fair value of the January 2020 warrants issued in January to be $58,000 using a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $158.00; comparable company volatility of 73.8%; remaining term of five years; dividend yield of 0% and risk-free interest rate of 1.53%. We estimated the fair value of the March 2020 warrants to be $17,000 using a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $47.00 per share; comparable company volatility of 74.8%; remaining term of six years; dividend yield of 0%; and risk-free interest rate of 0.39%. Common Stock Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in 2020 Registered Direct Offering In connection with the public offering of (preferred or common) stock in April 2020, we issued to H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, as placement agent, warrants to purchase 5,906 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $79.40 per share. These warrants were issued in reliance on the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506(b) of Regulation D promulgated thereunder, and have substantially similar terms as the April 2020 Warrants described above, except for differing exercise prices. We estimated the fair value of these warrants to be $167,000 using a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $48.00 per share; comparable company volatility of 87.9%; remaining term of six years; dividend yield of 0%; and risk-free interest rate of 0.18%. Common Stock Warrants Issued in October 2020 Private Warrant Inducement In October 2020, in connection with an inducement agreement with an existing accredited investor to exercise 85,034 outstanding warrants to purchase an equal number of shares of our common stock, we issued new unregistered warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 85,034 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $34.50 per share. The original warrants were issued in March and April, 2020, whereby the per share exercise price of the original warrants were reduced from $57.60 per share and $61.00 per share, respectively, to $34.50 per share. We estimated the fair value of these warrants to be $1.8 million using a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $29.40 per share; comparable company volatility of 96.5%; remaining term of six years; dividend yield of 0%; and risk-free interest rate of 0.18%. In connection with the November 2022 registered direct offering with certain institutional and accredited investors, we modified the terms of the then outstanding warrants related to 50,000 shares to an exercise price of $3.165 per share and extended the expiration date to November 2027. We estimated the fair value of these warrants to be $110,000 using a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $3.03 per share; comparable company volatility of 93.9%; remaining term of five years; dividend yield of 0%; and risk-free interest rate of 3.83%. Common Stock Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in October 2020 Inducement Offering In connection with the private warrant inducement in October 2020 of 85,034 shares of our common warrants, we issued to H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, as placement agent, warrants to purchase 4,254 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $43.12 per share. These warrants have substantially similar terms as the January 2020 Warrants described above, except for differing exercise prices. We estimated the fair value of these warrants to be $86,000 using a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $29.40 per share; comparable company volatility of 96.5%; remaining term of six years; dividend yield of 0%; and risk-free interest rate of 0.18%. Common Stock Warrants Issued in February 2021 Private Placement Agreement In February 2021, in connection with a private placement agreement with certain institutional and accredited investors, we issued common stock warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 109,730 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $44.32 per share. The warrants were exercisable immediately and have an exercise period of five and one-half years from the date of issuance. The warrant holder may not exercise any portion of such holder’s warrants to the extent that the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the holder, 9.99%) of our outstanding shares of common stock immediately after exercise, except that upon at least 61 days’ prior notice from the holder to us, the holder may increase the beneficial ownership limitation to up to 9.99% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise. We estimated the fair value of these warrants to be $3.1 million using a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $38.60 per share; comparable company volatility of 95.6%; remaining term of six years; dividend yield of 0% and risk-free interest rate of 0.18%. In connection with the November 2022 registered direct offering with certain institutional and accredited investors, we modified the terms related to 27,430 shares of these warrants to an exercise price of $3.165 per share and extended the expiration date to November 2027. We estimated the fair value of these warrants to be $60,000 using a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $3.03 per share; comparable company volatility of 93.9%; remaining term of five years; dividend yield of 0%; and risk-free interest rate of 3.83%. Common Stock Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in February 2021 Private Placement Agreement In connection with the private placement in February 2021, we issued to H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, as placement agent, warrants to purchase up to 16,460 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $56.96 per share. We estimated the fair value of these warrants to be $435,000 using a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $38.60 per share; comparable company volatility of 95.6%; remaining term six years; dividend yield of 0%; and risk-free interest rate of 0.18%. Common Stock Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in March 2021 Registered Direct Offering In March 2021, we consummated a registered direct offering with certain institutional investors and issued an aggregate of 98,750 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $40.00 per share for gross proceeds to us of approximately $3.95 million, before deducting fees payable to the placement agent and other estimated offering expenses payable by us. These shares were offered and sold pursuant to a prospectus, dated August 24, 2018, and a prospectus supplement, dated March 22, 2021, in connection with a takedown from our shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-225712). In connection with the registered direct offering in March 2021, we issued to H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, as the placement agent, warrants to purchase up to 7,408 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $50.00 per share . The placement agent warrants, and the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise thereof, will be issued in reliance on the exemption from registration provided in Section 4(a)(2) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Regulation D promulgated thereunder. We estimated the fair value of these warrants to be $181,000 using a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $35.20 per share; comparable company volatility of 100.8%; remaining term of five years; dividend yield of 0%; and risk-free interest rate of 0.31%. Common Stock Warrants Issued in November 2022 Common Stock Offering In November 2022, in connection with a registered direct offering with certain institutional and accredited investors, we issued common stock warrants as follows: • Pre-Funded Warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,361,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $3.50 per share, which are exercisable immediately and terminate until exercised in full. A portion of the Pre-Funded Warrants were exercised in December 2022, with the last traunch of these warrants being exercised in February 2023. We estimated the fair value of the Pre-Funded Warrants to be $153,000 using a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $3.03 per share; comparable company volatility of 93.9%; remaining term of three months; dividend yield of 0% and risk-free interest rate of 3.83%. • Series A warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,428,572 shares at an exercise price of $3.165 per share, which are exercisable immediately and expire five years from date of issuance.We estimated the fair value of the Series A warrants to be $3.1 million using a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $3.03 per share; comparable company volatility of 93.9%; remaining term of five years; dividend yield of 0% and risk-free interest rate of 3.83%. • Series B warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,428,572 shares at an exercise price of $3.165 per share, which are exercisable immediately and expire 13 months from date of issuance. We estimated the fair value of the Series B warrants to be $1.6 million using a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $3.03 per share; comparable company volatility of 93.9%; remaining term of five years; dividend yield of 0% and risk-free interest rate of 3.83%. Common Stock Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in November 2022 Common Stock Offering In connection with the registered direct offering in November 2022, we issued to H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, as the placement agent, warrants to purchase up to 107,143 shares of common stock. The placement agent warrants will be exercisable commencing six months following the date of issuance, expire five years following the date of sale and have an exercise price per share of $4.375 per share. The placement agent warrants, and the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise thereof, will be issued in reliance on the exemption from registration provided in Section 4(a)(2) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Regulation D promulgated thereunder. We estimated the fair value of these warrants to be $240,000 using a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $3.25; comparable company volatility of 93.9%; remaining term five years; dividend yield of 0%; and risk-free interest rate of 3.83%.

COMMON STOCK WARRANTS

COMMON STOCK WARRANTS	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Equity [Abstract]
COMMON STOCK WARRANTS	STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Preferred Stock We are authorized to issue 10 million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.001. Rights and any series designation would be established at time of issuance of preferred stock. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021 there was no preferred stock outstanding. Common Stock We are authorized to issue 100 million shares of common stock with a par value of $0.001 per share. Stockholders of common stock have unlimited voting rights and are entitled to receive the net assets of the Company upon dissolution, subject to the rights of the preferred stockholders, if any. We had the following common stock offerings in 2022 and 2021: November 2022 . We consummated a private placement with certain institutional and accredited investors and issued an aggregate of 67,572 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $3.50 per share, pre-funded warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,361,000 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $3.50 per pre-funded warrant (“Pre-Funded Warrants”) and associated warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 2,857,144 share of common stock at $3.165 per share, for gross proceeds of approximately $5.0 million, prior to deducting placement agent fees and offering expenses. In connection with this offering, we issued the placement agent warrants to purchase up to 107,143 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $4.375 per share. Of the Pre-Funded Warrants, 131,000 were exercised in December 2022, with the remaining 1,230,000 exercised in early 2023. The common stock, Pre-Funded Warrants and warrants sold in this November 2022 public offering were offered and sold pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-267991) initially filed with the SEC on October 24, 2022, as amended, which was declared effective by the SEC on November 16, 2022. March 2021 . We consummated a registered direct offering with certain institutional investors and issued an aggregate of 98,750 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $40.00 per share for gross proceeds of approximately $3.95 million, pursuant to a prospectus, dated August 24, 2018, and a prospectus supplement, dated March 22, 2021, in connection with a takedown from our shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-225712). In connection with the offering, we issued the placement agent warrants to purchase up to 7,408 shares of common stock at an exercise price per share of $50.00 per share. February 2021. We consummated a private placement with certain institutional and accredited investors and issued an aggregate of 198,443 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $45.57 per share, pre-funded warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 21,000 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $2.2775 per pre-funded warrant and associated warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 109,730 shares of common stock, for gross proceeds of approximately $10.0 million, prior to deducting placement agent fees and offering expenses. During 2021, all 420,000 pre-funded shares had been distributed. In connection with the offering, we issued the placement agent warrants to purchase up to 329,164 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $2.8481 per share. The following is the activity for common stock warrants: Issue Date Warrant Type Term Exercise Balance Issued Exercised Expired Balance Issued Exercised Expired Balance November 2017 Common Stock Offering November 2022 $ 27.32 7,175 — (1,089) — 6,086 — — (6,086) — June 2018 Reissue December 2023 $ 728.00 2,835 — — — 2,835 — — — 2,835 August 2018 Rights Offering July 2023 $ 460.00 10,149 — (25) — 10,124 — — — 10,124 August 2018 Dealer Manager August 2023 $ 690.00 670 — — — 670 — — — 670 July 2019 Dealer Manager July 2024 $ 675.00 419 — — — 419 — — — 419 January 2020 Registered Direct Offering July 2025 $ 180.00 8,761 — — — 8,761 — — — 8,761 January 2020 Dealer Manager July 2025 $ 200.00 667 — — — 667 — — — 667 March 2020 Dealer Manager March 2025 $ 75.13 664 — — — 664 — — — 664 April 2020 Dealer Manager April 2025 $ 79.40 5,906 — — — 5,906 — — — 5,906 April 2020 Registered Direct Offering April 2025 $ 61.00 2,500 — — — 2,500 — — — 2,500 October 2020 Private Inducement April 2026 $ 34.500 35,034 — (35,034) — — — — — — October 2020 Private Inducement November 2027 $ 3.165 50,000 — — — 50,000 — — — 50,000 October 2020 Dealer Manager April 2026 $ 43.12 4,254 — — — 4,254 — — — 4,254 February 2021 Private Placement Agreement August 2026 $ 44.32 — 82,300 — — 82,300 — — — 82,300 February 2021 Private Placement Agreement November 2027 $ 3.165 — 27,430 — — 27,430 — — — 27,430 February 2021 Dealer Manager August 2026 $ 56.96 — 16,460 — — 16,460 — — — 16,460 March 2021 Dealer Manager March 2026 $ 50.00 — 7,408 — — 7,408 — — — 7,408 November 2022 Pre-Funded Warrants February 2023 $ 3.50 — — — — — 1,361,000 (131,000) — 1,230,000 November 2022 Series A November 2027 $ 3.165 — — — — — 1,428,572 — — 1,428,572 November 2022 Series B December 2023 $ 3.165 — — — — — 1,428,572 — — 1,428,572 November 2022 Dealer Manager November 2027 $ 4.375 — — — — — 107,143 — — 107,143 129,034 133,598 (35,059) — 226,484 4,325,287 (131,000) — 4,414,685 As of December 31, 2022, we had 4,414,685 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding common stock warrants, at a weighted-average exercise price of $6.58 per share and expiring as follows: Weighted Average Exercise Price Shares Years Ending December 31: 2023 $ 5.99 2,672,201 2024 675.00 419 2025 128.75 18,498 2026 46.54 110,422 2027 3.25 1,613,145 6.58 4,414,685 Common Stock Warrant Inducement In June 2018, in order to induce an existing warrant holder to exercise its original warrant representing 2,835 shares of common stock for cash at the $600.00 exercise price for gross proceeds of $1.7 million, we issued to the holder a new warrant to purchase 2,835 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $728.00 per share. In connection with the issuance of these inducement warrants, we recorded stock-based compensation expense of $1,700, representing the fair value of the inducement warrants issued using the Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $844.00 per share; comparable company volatility of 72.6%; remaining term of five years; dividend yield of 0%; and risk-free interest rate of 2.8%. Common Stock Warrants Issued in August 2018 Rights Offering In August 2018, in connection with a rights offering of 13,393 shares of our common stock, we issued warrants to purchase 13,393 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $460.00 per share. We estimated the fair value of these warrants to be $3.6 million using a Monte Carlo model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $376.00 per share; comparable company volatility of 159.0%; remaining term of five years; dividend yield of 0%; and risk-free interest rate of 2.77%. In connection with the closing of the August 2018 rights offering, we issued warrants to purchase 670 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $690.00 per share to Maxim Partners LLC, an affiliate of the dealer-manager of the rights offering. We estimated the fair value of these warrants to be $169,000 using a using a Monte Carlo model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $376.00 per share; comparable company volatility of 159.0%; remaining term of five years; dividend yield of 0%; and risk-free interest rate of 2.77%. Common Stock Warrant Issued to Underwriter of Common Stock Offering In July 2019, we issued to H.C. Wainwright & Co., as placement agent, a warrant to purchase 419 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $675.00 per share as consideration for providing services in connection with a common stock offering in July 2019. We estimated the fair value of this warrant to be $127,000 using a lattice model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $536.00 per share; comparable company volatility of 133.3%; remaining term of five years; dividend yield of 0%; and risk-free interest rate of 2.07%. Common Stock Warrants Issued in January 2020 Private Placement In January 2020, in a private placement concurrent with a registered direct offering of shares of our common stock, we also issued warrants to purchase an aggregate of up to 8,875 shares of common stock to certain institutional and accredited investors that participated in the 2020 Registered Direct Offerings (the “January 2020 Warrants”). These warrants were issued in reliance on the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506(b) of Regulation D promulgated thereunder. Terms used but not otherwise defined herein will have the meanings given them in the warrants, attached as Exhibit 4.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on January 28, 2020. We estimated the fair value of the January 2020 Warrants to be $813,000 using a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $158.00 per share; comparable company volatility of 73.8%; remaining term of five years; dividend yield of 0% and risk-free interest rate of 1.53%. For so long as the January 2020 Warrants remain outstanding, the exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of these warrants are subject to adjustment as follows: (a) upon payment of a stock dividend or other distribution on a class or series of shares common stock, not including shares issued under this warrant; (b) upon subdivision (by stock spilled, stock dividend, recapitalization, or otherwise) or combination (by reverse stock split or otherwise) of shares of common stock; or (c) upon the issuance of any shares of capital stock by reclassification of shares of the common stock. In the event that we declare or make any dividend or other distribution of our assets to holders of our common stock, each January 2020 Warrants holder will be entitled to participate in such distribution to the same extent that such holder would have participated therein if the holder had held the number of shares of common stock acquirable upon exercise of the January 2020 Warrants. In the event of a Fundamental Transaction, as described in the January 2020 Warrants and generally including the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of our properties or assets; our consolidation or merger with or into another person or reorganization; a recapitalization, reorganization or reclassification in which our common stock is converted into other securities, cash or property; or any acquisition of our outstanding common stock that results in any person or group becoming the beneficial owner of 50% of the voting power represented by our outstanding common stock, then the holders of the 2020 Warrants will be entitled to receive upon exercise of such warrants the kind and amount of securities, cash, assets or other property that the holders would have received had they exercised the January 2020 Warrants immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction. Subject to certain limitations, in the event of a Fundamental Transaction the January 2020 Warrants holder may at its option require us or any successor entity to purchase such warrant from the holder by paying to the holder an amount of cash equal to the Black Scholes Value of the remaining unexercised portion of the 2020 Warrant on the date of the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction. Any time that we grant, issue, or sell any securities pro rata to all of the record holders of our common stock (the “2020 Purchase Right”), each holder of January 2020 Warrants will be entitled to acquire the aggregate amount of securities that the holder could have acquired if the holder had held the number of shares of common stock acquirable upon exercise of the applicable January 2020 Warrants. However, to the extent that an exercise of a 2020 Purchase Right would exceed the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (defined below), then to such extent the 2020 Purchase Right will be held in abeyance until such time, if ever, that complete exercise of the 2020 Purchase Right would not exceed the Beneficial Ownership Limitation. After the Initial Exercisability Date, the January 2020 Warrants will be exercisable, at the option of each holder, in whole or in part, by delivering to us a duly executed exercise notice accompanied by payment in full for the number of shares of our common stock purchased upon such exercise. If, at the time a holder exercises the January 2020 Warrants (but not sooner than six months following the date of such warrant), a registration statement registering the issuance of the shares of common stock underlying the January 2020 Warrants under the Securities Act is not then effective or available, nor is any current prospectus thereto available, and an exemption from registration under the Securities Act is not available for the issuance of such shares, then in lieu of making the cash payment otherwise contemplated to be made to us upon such exercise in payment of the aggregate exercise price, the holder may elect instead to receive upon such exercise (either in whole or in part) the number of shares of common stock determined according to a formula set forth in the January 2020 Warrants. Limitations on Exercise . A holder (together with its affiliates) may not exercise any portion of the January 2020 Warrants to the extent that the holder would own more than 4.99% of the outstanding common stock after exercise (the “Beneficial Ownership Limitation”), except that upon at least 61 days’ prior notice from the holder to us, the holder may increase the Beneficial Ownership Limitation up to 9.99% of the number of shares of our common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the January 2020 Warrants. No fractional shares of common stock will be issued in connection with the exercise of a January 2020 Warrants. In lieu of fractional shares, we will either pay the holder an amount in cash equal to the fractional amount multiplied by the exercise price or round up to the next whole share. Except as otherwise provided in the January 2020 Warrants or by virtue of such holder’s ownership of shares of our common stock, the holders of the January 2020 Warrants do not have the rights or privileges of holders of our common stock, including any voting rights, unless and until they exercise such warrants. Common Stock Warrants Issued in April 2020 Public Offering In April 2020, in connection with a previously announced public offering of our common stock, we issued warrants to purchase 78,715 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $61.00 to the participants in the public offering (the “April 2020 Warrants”). We estimated the fair value of these warrants to be $2.4 million using a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $48.00 per share; comparable company volatility of 87.9%; remaining term of five years; dividend yield of 0%; and risk-free interest rate of 0.18%. The common stock, pre-funded warrants and warrants sold in this April 2020 public offering were offered and sold pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-236302) initially filed with the SEC on February 7, 2020, as amended (“Registration Statement”), which was declared effective by the SEC on February 14, 2020. The Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registration Statement was declared effective by the SEC on April 21, 2020. Common Stock Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in 2020 Private Placements In connection with the separate private placements concurrent with registered direct offerings of shares of our common stock, we issued to H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, as placement agent, in January 2020, warrants to purchase 667 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $200.00 per share and in March 2020, warrant to purchase 664 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $75.13 per share. These warrants were issued in reliance on the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506(b) of Regulation D promulgated thereunder and have substantially similar terms as the January 2020 Warrants described above, except for differing exercise prices. We estimated the fair value of the January 2020 warrants issued in January to be $58,000 using a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $158.00; comparable company volatility of 73.8%; remaining term of five years; dividend yield of 0% and risk-free interest rate of 1.53%. We estimated the fair value of the March 2020 warrants to be $17,000 using a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $47.00 per share; comparable company volatility of 74.8%; remaining term of six years; dividend yield of 0%; and risk-free interest rate of 0.39%. Common Stock Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in 2020 Registered Direct Offering In connection with the public offering of (preferred or common) stock in April 2020, we issued to H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, as placement agent, warrants to purchase 5,906 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $79.40 per share. These warrants were issued in reliance on the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506(b) of Regulation D promulgated thereunder, and have substantially similar terms as the April 2020 Warrants described above, except for differing exercise prices. We estimated the fair value of these warrants to be $167,000 using a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $48.00 per share; comparable company volatility of 87.9%; remaining term of six years; dividend yield of 0%; and risk-free interest rate of 0.18%. Common Stock Warrants Issued in October 2020 Private Warrant Inducement In October 2020, in connection with an inducement agreement with an existing accredited investor to exercise 85,034 outstanding warrants to purchase an equal number of shares of our common stock, we issued new unregistered warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 85,034 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $34.50 per share. The original warrants were issued in March and April, 2020, whereby the per share exercise price of the original warrants were reduced from $57.60 per share and $61.00 per share, respectively, to $34.50 per share. We estimated the fair value of these warrants to be $1.8 million using a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $29.40 per share; comparable company volatility of 96.5%; remaining term of six years; dividend yield of 0%; and risk-free interest rate of 0.18%. In connection with the November 2022 registered direct offering with certain institutional and accredited investors, we modified the terms of the then outstanding warrants related to 50,000 shares to an exercise price of $3.165 per share and extended the expiration date to November 2027. We estimated the fair value of these warrants to be $110,000 using a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $3.03 per share; comparable company volatility of 93.9%; remaining term of five years; dividend yield of 0%; and risk-free interest rate of 3.83%. Common Stock Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in October 2020 Inducement Offering In connection with the private warrant inducement in October 2020 of 85,034 shares of our common warrants, we issued to H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, as placement agent, warrants to purchase 4,254 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $43.12 per share. These warrants have substantially similar terms as the January 2020 Warrants described above, except for differing exercise prices. We estimated the fair value of these warrants to be $86,000 using a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $29.40 per share; comparable company volatility of 96.5%; remaining term of six years; dividend yield of 0%; and risk-free interest rate of 0.18%. Common Stock Warrants Issued in February 2021 Private Placement Agreement In February 2021, in connection with a private placement agreement with certain institutional and accredited investors, we issued common stock warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 109,730 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $44.32 per share. The warrants were exercisable immediately and have an exercise period of five and one-half years from the date of issuance. The warrant holder may not exercise any portion of such holder’s warrants to the extent that the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the holder, 9.99%) of our outstanding shares of common stock immediately after exercise, except that upon at least 61 days’ prior notice from the holder to us, the holder may increase the beneficial ownership limitation to up to 9.99% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise. We estimated the fair value of these warrants to be $3.1 million using a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $38.60 per share; comparable company volatility of 95.6%; remaining term of six years; dividend yield of 0% and risk-free interest rate of 0.18%. In connection with the November 2022 registered direct offering with certain institutional and accredited investors, we modified the terms related to 27,430 shares of these warrants to an exercise price of $3.165 per share and extended the expiration date to November 2027. We estimated the fair value of these warrants to be $60,000 using a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $3.03 per share; comparable company volatility of 93.9%; remaining term of five years; dividend yield of 0%; and risk-free interest rate of 3.83%. Common Stock Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in February 2021 Private Placement Agreement In connection with the private placement in February 2021, we issued to H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, as placement agent, warrants to purchase up to 16,460 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $56.96 per share. We estimated the fair value of these warrants to be $435,000 using a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $38.60 per share; comparable company volatility of 95.6%; remaining term six years; dividend yield of 0%; and risk-free interest rate of 0.18%. Common Stock Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in March 2021 Registered Direct Offering In March 2021, we consummated a registered direct offering with certain institutional investors and issued an aggregate of 98,750 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $40.00 per share for gross proceeds to us of approximately $3.95 million, before deducting fees payable to the placement agent and other estimated offering expenses payable by us. These shares were offered and sold pursuant to a prospectus, dated August 24, 2018, and a prospectus supplement, dated March 22, 2021, in connection with a takedown from our shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-225712). In connection with the registered direct offering in March 2021, we issued to H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, as the placement agent, warrants to purchase up to 7,408 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $50.00 per share . The placement agent warrants, and the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise thereof, will be issued in reliance on the exemption from registration provided in Section 4(a)(2) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Regulation D promulgated thereunder. We estimated the fair value of these warrants to be $181,000 using a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $35.20 per share; comparable company volatility of 100.8%; remaining term of five years; dividend yield of 0%; and risk-free interest rate of 0.31%. Common Stock Warrants Issued in November 2022 Common Stock Offering In November 2022, in connection with a registered direct offering with certain institutional and accredited investors, we issued common stock warrants as follows: • Pre-Funded Warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,361,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $3.50 per share, which are exercisable immediately and terminate until exercised in full. A portion of the Pre-Funded Warrants were exercised in December 2022, with the last traunch of these warrants being exercised in February 2023. We estimated the fair value of the Pre-Funded Warrants to be $153,000 using a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $3.03 per share; comparable company volatility of 93.9%; remaining term of three months; dividend yield of 0% and risk-free interest rate of 3.83%. • Series A warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,428,572 shares at an exercise price of $3.165 per share, which are exercisable immediately and expire five years from date of issuance.We estimated the fair value of the Series A warrants to be $3.1 million using a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $3.03 per share; comparable company volatility of 93.9%; remaining term of five years; dividend yield of 0% and risk-free interest rate of 3.83%. • Series B warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,428,572 shares at an exercise price of $3.165 per share, which are exercisable immediately and expire 13 months from date of issuance. We estimated the fair value of the Series B warrants to be $1.6 million using a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $3.03 per share; comparable company volatility of 93.9%; remaining term of five years; dividend yield of 0% and risk-free interest rate of 3.83%. Common Stock Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in November 2022 Common Stock Offering In connection with the registered direct offering in November 2022, we issued to H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, as the placement agent, warrants to purchase up to 107,143 shares of common stock. The placement agent warrants will be exercisable commencing six months following the date of issuance, expire five years following the date of sale and have an exercise price per share of $4.375 per share. The placement agent warrants, and the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise thereof, will be issued in reliance on the exemption from registration provided in Section 4(a)(2) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Regulation D promulgated thereunder. We estimated the fair value of these warrants to be $240,000 using a Black Scholes model based on the following significant inputs: common stock price of $3.25; comparable company volatility of 93.9%; remaining term five years; dividend yield of 0%; and risk-free interest rate of 3.83%.

LOSS PER SHARE

LOSS PER SHARE	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
LOSS PER SHARE	LOSS PER SHARE Basic loss per share attributable to common stockholders is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares and potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period determined using the treasury stock and if-converted methods. For purposes of the computation of diluted loss per share attributable to common stockholders, common stock purchase warrants, restricted stock units and common stock options are considered to be potentially dilutive securities but have been excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share attributable to common stockholders because their effect would be anti-dilutive given the net loss reported for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Therefore, basic and diluted loss per share attributable to common stockholders was the same for all periods presented. The following table sets forth the outstanding potentially dilutive securities that have been excluded in the calculation of diluted loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in common stock equivalent shares): December 31, 2022 2021 Common stock warrants 4,414,810 226,572 Restricted stock units 18,799 33 Common stock options 281,801 54,391 Total 4,715,410 280,996

CONTINGENCIES

CONTINGENCIES	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
CONTINGENCIES	CONTINGENCIESIn July 2020, Kennan E. Kaedar, our former corporate general counsel (the “Plaintiff”), commenced an action against us in the Superior Court of the State of California, for the County of San Diego. The complaint alleges, among other things, that we breached the Plaintiff’s employment contract with us, as well as the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, by refusing to issue him the balance of stock options he claims we owe him. In September 2021, the Plaintiff also named the following individuals as defendants: Loretta Mayer, Cheryl Dyer, Thomas C. Chesterman, Kim Wolin, Grover Wickersham, Marc Dumont, Bob Ramsey, Matthew Szot, Julia Williams, and Bill Baker. The Plaintiff alleges that such individuals agreed to knowingly and wrongfully withhold the stock options owed to him and are knowingly in receipt of stolen property. The Plaintiff seeks compensatory damages in excess of $500,000, treble damages and reasonable attorneys’ fees. We do not believe the claims described above have merit and intend to aggressively defend against these accusations. We do not believe that this litigation is likely to have a material effect on our operations.In addition to the matter described above, we may be subject to other legal proceedings and claims arising from contracts or other matters from time to time in the ordinary course of business. Management is not aware of any other pending or threatened litigation where the ultimate disposition or resolution could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS	RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONSRelated party transactions are conducted in the normal course of business and, unless otherwise noted, are measured at the exchange amount, which is the amount of consideration established and agreed to by the related parties. In connection with consulting agreements in place, during each of the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, $50,400 of cash payments were made to the Kito Impact Foundation of which Dr. Bechtel, the Chair of our board, serves as chief executive officer.

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS	SUBSEQUENT EVENTS Through February 13, 2023, the Pre-Funded Warrants were exercised in full with the issuance of 1,230,000 shares of common stock. We have evaluated subsequent events from the balance sheet date through March 16, 2023, the date at which the financial statements were issued, and determined that there were no other items that require adjustment to or disclosure in the financial statements.

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUN_2

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of our financial statements and related disclosures in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in our financial statements. We base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different conditions.
Reclassifications	Reclassifications To conform with the 2022 presentation, we have reclassified (i) Deposits of $22,000 with Other noncurrent assets and (ii) provided separate presentation of Current portion of operating lease liability of $164,000 from Operating lease liability in the balance sheet as of December 31, 2021. In addition, we have reclassified $22,000 to Miscellaneous income from Paycheck Protection Program loan forgiveness in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2021. These reclassifications had no impact on our statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Cash and Cash Equivalents	Cash and Cash Equivalents Highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less as the date of acquisition are classified as cash equivalents, of which we had $4.4 million and $8.8 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, included within Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheets.
Accounts Receivable	Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable are recorded at invoiced amounts based on standard prices and do not bear interest. We provide an allowance for doubtful receivables equal to the estimated uncollectible amounts. That estimate is based on historical
Inventories	Inventories Inventories consist of raw materials, work in progress and finished goods and are stated at the lower of cost or market value, using the first-in, first-out convention. Cost includes the acquired cost of raw materials, with work-in-progress and finished goods including the application of labor and overhead costs related to the manufacturing process. Raw materials are stocked to reduce the risk of impact on manufacturing for any potential supply interruptions or long lead times on certain ingredients. Reserves for obsolete inventory consist of reserves primarily related to obsolete product containers and delivery systems.
Property and Equipment	Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Equipment held under finance leases are stated at the present value of minimum lease payments less accumulated amortization. Depreciation on property and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets as follows: Research and development equipment 5 years Office and computer equipment 3 years Autos 5 years Furniture and fixtures 7 years The cost of leasehold improvements is amortized over the life of the improvement or the term of the lease, whichever is shorter. Equipment held under finance leases are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful life of the asset. The Company incurs maintenance costs on its major equipment. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets	Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If circumstances require long-lived assets or asset groups to be tested for possible impairment, the Company compares the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated from the use of the asset or asset group to its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, an impairment charge is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds its fair value. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, such as discounted cash flow models and the use of third- party independent appraisals. We have not recorded an impairment of long-lived assets since our inception.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606 — Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), we recognize revenue from the commercial sales of products, licensing agreements and contracts to perform pilot studies by applying the following steps: (1) identify the contract with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when each performance obligation is satisfied. We recognize revenue when product is shipped at a fixed selling price on payment terms of 30 to 120 days from invoicing. We recognize other revenue earned from pilot studies, consulting and implementation services upon the performance of specific services under the respective service contract.
Research and Development	Research and Development Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits for research and development employees, stock-based compensation, consulting fees, lab supplies, costs incurred related to conducting scientific trials and field studies, regulatory compliance costs, as well as manufacturing costs associated with process improvement and other research. Research and development expenses include an allocation of facilities related costs, including depreciation of equipment.
Stock-based Compensation	Stock-based Compensation Stock-based awards, consisting of stock options and restricted stock units expected to be settled in shares of our common stock, are recorded as equity awards. The grant date fair value of these awards is measured using the Black-Scholes option pricing model for stock options and grant date market value for restricted stock units. We expense the grant date fair value of our stock-based awards on a straight-line basis over their respective vesting periods.
Advertising Costs	Advertising Costs Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and was $369,000 and $431,000 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial statements and tax bases of assets and liabilities and net operating loss carryforwards using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in the period that includes the enactment date. We record net deferred tax assets to the extent we believe these assets will more likely than not be realized. These deferred tax assets are subject to periodic assessments as to recoverability and if it is determined that it is more likely than not that the benefits will not be realized, valuation allowances are recorded which would increase the provision for income taxes. In making such determination, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent financial operations. We currently maintain a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets. We apply a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold for all tax uncertainties. Only those benefits that have a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities are recognized. Based on our evaluation, we have concluded there are no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in our financial statements.
Comprehensive Loss	Comprehensive Loss We have no other comprehensive income items for the periods presented. As a result, our net loss and comprehensive loss were the same for all periods presented and a separate statement of comprehensive loss is not included in the accompanying financial statements.
Fair Value Measurements	The accounting guidance for fair value, among other things, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure for each major asset and liability category measured at fair value on either a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the reporting date. The framework for measuring fair value consists of a three-level valuation hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value based upon whether such inputs are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect market assumptions made by the reporting entity. The three-level hierarchy for the inputs to valuation techniques is briefly summarized as follows: Level 1 — Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date; Level 2 — Inputs are observable, unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the related assets or liabilities; and Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities that are supported by little or no market data. An asset’s or liability’s fair value measurement level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Valuation techniques used need to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are based on one or more of the following three valuation techniques: A. Market approach: Prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. B. Cost approach: Amount that would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset (replacement cost). C. Income approach: Techniques to convert future amounts to a single present amount based upon market expectations, including present value techniques, option-pricing and excess earnings models.
Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value	Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value The carrying amounts of our financial instruments, including accounts payable and accrued liabilities, approximate fair value due to their short maturities. The estimated fair value of the long-term debt, not recorded at fair value, are recorded at cost or amortized cost, which was deemed to estimate fair value.
Leases	We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception and whether the arrangement is classified as an operating or finance lease. At commencement of the lease, we record a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and lease liability in the balance sheet based on the present value of lease payments over the term of the arrangement. ROU assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. If the implicit rate is not readily determinable in the contract, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Contract terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease, and, when we deem it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option, it is included in the ROU asset and liability. Operating leases reflect lease expense on a straight-line basis, while any finance leases result in the separate presentation of interest expense on the lease liability and amortization expense of the ROU asset.

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUN_3

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Schedule of property and equipment useful lives	Depreciation on property and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets as follows: Research and development equipment 5 years Office and computer equipment 3 years Autos 5 years Furniture and fixtures 7 years Property and equipment, net consist of the following (in thousands): As of December 31, 2022 2021 Research and development equipment $ 1,558 $ 1,425 Office and computer equipment 800 762 Autos 54 54 Furniture and fixtures 41 41 Leasehold improvements 119 112 Total in service 2,572 2,394 Accumulated depreciation and amortization (2,283) (2,105) Total in service, net 289 289 Construction in progress 5 45 Property and equipment, net $ 294 $ 334

BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS (Table

BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Schedule of accounts receivable, net and activity in allowance for uncollectible accounts	Accounts receivable, net consist of the following (in thousands): As of December 31, 2022 2021 Accounts receivable $ 119 $ 77 Allowance for uncollectible accounts (6) — Accounts receivable, net $ 113 $ 77 The following is the activity in the allowance for uncollectible accounts (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Balance as of beginning of year $ — $ — Increase in provision 8 — Amounts written off, less recoveries (2) — Balance as of end of year $ 6 $ —
Schedule of inventory, net and activity in reserve for obsolescence	Inventory, net consist of the following (in thousands): As of December 31, 2022 2021 Raw materials $ 772 $ 937 Work in progress 0 5 Finished goods 99 88 Total inventory 871 1,030 Reserve for obsolescence (18) (29) Inventory, net $ 853 $ 1,001 The following is the activity in the reserve for obsolescence (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Balance as of beginning of year $ 29 $ 123 Increase in reserve — 13 Amounts relieved (11) (107) Balance as of end of year $ 18 $ 29
Schedule of prepaid expenses	Prepaid expenses consist of the following (in thousands): As of December 31, 2022 2021 Software licenses $ 157 $ 14 Marketing programs and conferences 74 66 Insurance 61 109 Patents 39 41 Professional services 41 — Other 6 — Total prepaid expenses $ 378 $ 230
Schedule of property and equipment, net	Depreciation on property and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets as follows: Research and development equipment 5 years Office and computer equipment 3 years Autos 5 years Furniture and fixtures 7 years Property and equipment, net consist of the following (in thousands): As of December 31, 2022 2021 Research and development equipment $ 1,558 $ 1,425 Office and computer equipment 800 762 Autos 54 54 Furniture and fixtures 41 41 Leasehold improvements 119 112 Total in service 2,572 2,394 Accumulated depreciation and amortization (2,283) (2,105) Total in service, net 289 289 Construction in progress 5 45 Property and equipment, net $ 294 $ 334
Schedule of accrued expenses	Accrued expenses consist of the following (in thousands): As of December 31, 2022 2021 Compensation, severance and related benefits $ 497 $ 524 Legal services 36 17 Product warranty 18 18 Personal property and franchise tax 6 5 Other 3 14 Total accrued expenses $ 560 $ 578

LEASES (Tables)

LEASES (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Schedule of components of lease cost	The components of lease cost are as follows (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Operating lease cost $ 222 $ 222 Finance lease cost: Amortization of ROU asset 35 86 Interest on lease liability 1 6 Total finance lease cost $ 36 $ 92
Schedule of maturities of operating lease liabilities	As of December 31, 2022, maturities of operating lease liabilities are follows (in thousands): Years Ending December 31: 2023 $ 198 2024 186 Total operating lease payments 384 Less imputed interest (25) Total operating lease liabilities $ 359

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (Table

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Schedule of fair value of options granted	Fair value of options granted is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions: 2022 2021 Risk-free interest rate 3.7 % 0.5 % Expected dividend yield — % — % Expected volatility 90.5 % 95.8 % Expected term (in years) 3.3 3.0
Schedule of stock option activity	The stock option activity consists of the following: Number of Weighted Weighted Aggregate Outstanding as of December 31, 2020 24,824 $ 172.60 3.9 $ — Granted 29,932 19.40 4.6 $ — Exercised — — — $ — Forfeited (165) — — $ — Expired (200) — — $ — Outstanding as of December 31, 2021 54,391 172.60 3.9 $ — Granted 241,962 5.79 4.8 $ — Exercised — — — $ — Forfeited (15,343) — — $ — Expired (200) — — $ — Outstanding as of December 31, 2022 280,810 17.00 3.9 $ — Exercisable as of December 31, 2022 71,131 55.40 3.9 $ — (1) The aggregate intrinsic value on the table was calculated based on the difference between the estimated fair value of our stock and the exercise price of the underlying option. The estimated stock values used in the calculation was $5.96 and $19.60 per share for each of the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Schedule of restricted stock unit activity	The restricted stock unit activity consists of the following: Number of Weighted Average Outstanding as of December 31, 2020 1,603 $ 82.60 Granted — — Vested (1,570) 84.40 Forfeited — — Outstanding as of December 31, 2021 33 36.00 Granted 19,049 2.87 Vested (283) 17.67 Forfeited — — Outstanding as of December 31, 2022 18,799 2.71
Schedule of stock-based compensation expense	The stock-based compensation expense was recorded as following (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Research and development $ 3 $ 3 General and administrative 708 762 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 711 $ 765

INCOME TAXES (Tables)

INCOME TAXES (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of reconciliation of income tax	The significant differences between the U.S. Federal statutory rate and our effective rate for financial reporting purposes are as follows: Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 Federal statutory tax rate (21.0) % (21.0) % State taxed, net of federal tax benefit (3.7) (4.0) Change in valuation allowance 14.3 23.9 Return-to-provision and other 7.9 1.3 Stock-based compensation 2.5 1.4 PPP loan forgiveness — (1.7) Effective tax rate — % — %
Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities	Deferred income tax assets and liabilities consist of the following (in thousands): As of December 31, 2022 2021 Deferred income tax assets: Federal and state net operating loss carryovers $ 20,498 $ 19,448 Capitalized research costs 432 — Stock-based compensation 253 333 Compensation accruals and other 92 139 Operating leases related to ROU assets 89 130 Deferred revenue 11 — Depreciation 8 — Other 1 — Total deferred income tax assets 21,384 20,050 Valuation allowance for deferred income tax assets (21,298) (19,916) Deferred income tax assets, net of valuation allowance 86 134 Deferred income tax liabilities: Depreciation — (7) ROU assets (86) (127) Total deferred income tax liabilities (86) (134) Deferred income tax assets, net $ — $ —

COMMON STOCK WARRANTS (Tables)

COMMON STOCK WARRANTS (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Equity [Abstract]
Schedule of common stock warrant activity	The following is the activity for common stock warrants: Issue Date Warrant Type Term Exercise Balance Issued Exercised Expired Balance Issued Exercised Expired Balance November 2017 Common Stock Offering November 2022 $ 27.32 7,175 — (1,089) — 6,086 — — (6,086) — June 2018 Reissue December 2023 $ 728.00 2,835 — — — 2,835 — — — 2,835 August 2018 Rights Offering July 2023 $ 460.00 10,149 — (25) — 10,124 — — — 10,124 August 2018 Dealer Manager August 2023 $ 690.00 670 — — — 670 — — — 670 July 2019 Dealer Manager July 2024 $ 675.00 419 — — — 419 — — — 419 January 2020 Registered Direct Offering July 2025 $ 180.00 8,761 — — — 8,761 — — — 8,761 January 2020 Dealer Manager July 2025 $ 200.00 667 — — — 667 — — — 667 March 2020 Dealer Manager March 2025 $ 75.13 664 — — — 664 — — — 664 April 2020 Dealer Manager April 2025 $ 79.40 5,906 — — — 5,906 — — — 5,906 April 2020 Registered Direct Offering April 2025 $ 61.00 2,500 — — — 2,500 — — — 2,500 October 2020 Private Inducement April 2026 $ 34.500 35,034 — (35,034) — — — — — — October 2020 Private Inducement November 2027 $ 3.165 50,000 — — — 50,000 — — — 50,000 October 2020 Dealer Manager April 2026 $ 43.12 4,254 — — — 4,254 — — — 4,254 February 2021 Private Placement Agreement August 2026 $ 44.32 — 82,300 — — 82,300 — — — 82,300 February 2021 Private Placement Agreement November 2027 $ 3.165 — 27,430 — — 27,430 — — — 27,430 February 2021 Dealer Manager August 2026 $ 56.96 — 16,460 — — 16,460 — — — 16,460 March 2021 Dealer Manager March 2026 $ 50.00 — 7,408 — — 7,408 — — — 7,408 November 2022 Pre-Funded Warrants February 2023 $ 3.50 — — — — — 1,361,000 (131,000) — 1,230,000 November 2022 Series A November 2027 $ 3.165 — — — — — 1,428,572 — — 1,428,572 November 2022 Series B December 2023 $ 3.165 — — — — — 1,428,572 — — 1,428,572 November 2022 Dealer Manager November 2027 $ 4.375 — — — — — 107,143 — — 107,143 129,034 133,598 (35,059) — 226,484 4,325,287 (131,000) — 4,414,685 As of December 31, 2022, we had 4,414,685 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding common stock warrants, at a weighted-average exercise price of $6.58 per share and expiring as follows: Weighted Average Exercise Price Shares Years Ending December 31: 2023 $ 5.99 2,672,201 2024 675.00 419 2025 128.75 18,498 2026 46.54 110,422 2027 3.25 1,613,145 6.58 4,414,685
Schedule of common stock warrant expiration information	The following is the activity for common stock warrants: Issue Date Warrant Type Term Exercise Balance Issued Exercised Expired Balance Issued Exercised Expired Balance November 2017 Common Stock Offering November 2022 $ 27.32 7,175 — (1,089) — 6,086 — — (6,086) — June 2018 Reissue December 2023 $ 728.00 2,835 — — — 2,835 — — — 2,835 August 2018 Rights Offering July 2023 $ 460.00 10,149 — (25) — 10,124 — — — 10,124 August 2018 Dealer Manager August 2023 $ 690.00 670 — — — 670 — — — 670 July 2019 Dealer Manager July 2024 $ 675.00 419 — — — 419 — — — 419 January 2020 Registered Direct Offering July 2025 $ 180.00 8,761 — — — 8,761 — — — 8,761 January 2020 Dealer Manager July 2025 $ 200.00 667 — — — 667 — — — 667 March 2020 Dealer Manager March 2025 $ 75.13 664 — — — 664 — — — 664 April 2020 Dealer Manager April 2025 $ 79.40 5,906 — — — 5,906 — — — 5,906 April 2020 Registered Direct Offering April 2025 $ 61.00 2,500 — — — 2,500 — — — 2,500 October 2020 Private Inducement April 2026 $ 34.500 35,034 — (35,034) — — — — — — October 2020 Private Inducement November 2027 $ 3.165 50,000 — — — 50,000 — — — 50,000 October 2020 Dealer Manager April 2026 $ 43.12 4,254 — — — 4,254 — — — 4,254 February 2021 Private Placement Agreement August 2026 $ 44.32 — 82,300 — — 82,300 — — — 82,300 February 2021 Private Placement Agreement November 2027 $ 3.165 — 27,430 — — 27,430 — — — 27,430 February 2021 Dealer Manager August 2026 $ 56.96 — 16,460 — — 16,460 — — — 16,460 March 2021 Dealer Manager March 2026 $ 50.00 — 7,408 — — 7,408 — — — 7,408 November 2022 Pre-Funded Warrants February 2023 $ 3.50 — — — — — 1,361,000 (131,000) — 1,230,000 November 2022 Series A November 2027 $ 3.165 — — — — — 1,428,572 — — 1,428,572 November 2022 Series B December 2023 $ 3.165 — — — — — 1,428,572 — — 1,428,572 November 2022 Dealer Manager November 2027 $ 4.375 — — — — — 107,143 — — 107,143 129,034 133,598 (35,059) — 226,484 4,325,287 (131,000) — 4,414,685 As of December 31, 2022, we had 4,414,685 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding common stock warrants, at a weighted-average exercise price of $6.58 per share and expiring as follows: Weighted Average Exercise Price Shares Years Ending December 31: 2023 $ 5.99 2,672,201 2024 675.00 419 2025 128.75 18,498 2026 46.54 110,422 2027 3.25 1,613,145 6.58 4,414,685

LOSS PER SHARE (Tables)

LOSS PER SHARE (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Schedule of outstanding potentially dilutive securities	The following table sets forth the outstanding potentially dilutive securities that have been excluded in the calculation of diluted loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in common stock equivalent shares): December 31, 2022 2021 Common stock warrants 4,414,810 226,572 Restricted stock units 18,799 33 Common stock options 281,801 54,391 Total 4,715,410 280,996

BASIS OF PRESENTATION (Details)

BASIS OF PRESENTATION (Details) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) state territory	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Organization and Description of Business [Line Items]
Number of states registration received | state		50
Number of states approved removal of Restricted Use designation | state		48
Number of major U.S. territories registration received | territory		5
Stock split ratio, common stock		0.05
Accumulated deficit		$ 122,203	$ 112,508
Cash and cash equivalents		4,775	9,326
Other noncurrent assets		22	22
Current portion of operating lease liability		180	164
Miscellaneous income (expense)		$ (26)	$ 22
Paycheck Protection Program
Organization and Description of Business [Line Items]
Cash proceeds received from paycheck protection program	$ 645,700

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUN_4

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Money market fund	$ 4,400,000	$ 8,800,000
Advertising costs	369,000	431,000
Uncertain tax positions	0	0	$ 0
Uncertain tax positions, interest or penalties expensed	$ 0	$ 0

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUN_5

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Property and equipment useful lives (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Research and development equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, useful life	5 years
Office and computer equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, useful life	3 years
Autos
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, useful life	5 years
Furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, useful life	7 years

BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS - Sche

BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS - Schedule of accounts receivable, net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Accounts receivable	$ 119	$ 77
Allowance for uncollectible accounts	(6)	0	$ 0
Accounts receivable, net	$ 113	$ 77

BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS - Sc_2

BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS - Schedule of allowance for uncollectible accounts (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance as of beginning of year	$ 0	$ 0
Increase in provision	8	0
Amounts written off, less recoveries	(2)	0
Balance as of end of year	$ 6	$ 0

BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS - Sc_3

BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS - Schedule of inventory, net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 772	$ 937
Work in progress	0	5
Finished goods	99	88
Total inventory	871	1,030
Reserve for obsolescence	(18)	(29)	$ (123)
Inventory, net	$ 853	$ 1,001

BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS - Sc_4

BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS - Schedule of activity in reserve for obsolescence (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Inventory, Valuation Reserves [Roll Forward]
Balance as of beginning of year	$ 29	$ 123
Increase in reserve	0	13
Amounts relieved	(11)	(107)
Balance as of end of year	$ 18	$ 29

BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS - Sc_5

BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS - Schedule of prepaid expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Software licenses	$ 157	$ 14
Marketing programs and conferences	74	66
Insurance	61	109
Patents	39	41
Professional services	41	0
Other	6	0
Prepaid expenses	$ 378	$ 230

BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS - Sc_6

BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS - Schedule of property and equipment, net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	$ (2,283)	$ (2,105)
Total property, plant and equipment, net	294	334
Depreciable Property, Plant And Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	2,572	2,394
Total property, plant and equipment, net	289	289
Research and development equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	1,558	1,425
Office and computer equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	800	762
Autos
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	54	54
Furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	41	41
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	119	112
Construction in progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 5	$ 45

BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS - Narr

BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Depreciation and amortization expense	$ 183	$ 303

BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS - Sc_7

BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS - Schedule of accrued expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Compensation, severance and related benefits	$ 497	$ 524
Legal services	36	17
Product warranty	18	18
Personal property and franchise tax	6	5
Other	3	14
Accrued expenses	$ 560	$ 578

LEASES - Schedule of lease cost

LEASES - Schedule of lease cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 222	$ 222
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of ROU asset	35	86
Interest on lease liability	1	6
Total finance lease cost	$ 36	$ 92

LEASES - Schedule of maturities

LEASES - Schedule of maturities of operating leases liabilities (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
2023	$ 198
2024	186
Total operating lease payments	384
Less imputed interest	(25)
Total operating lease liabilities	$ 359

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - Narr

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - Narrative (Details) - 2018 Equity Incentive Plan - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2018	Oct. 12, 2022
Stock-Based Compensation (Details) [Line Items]
Shares authorized (in shares)			348,614
Common stock available for issuance (in shares)	164,486
Unrecognized compensation cost	$ 569
Stock Options
Stock-Based Compensation (Details) [Line Items]
Options, term		five years
Weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 3.42
Unrecognized compensation cost, period of recognition	28 months
Stock Options | Minimum
Stock-Based Compensation (Details) [Line Items]
Options, vesting period		2 months
Stock Options | Maximum
Stock-Based Compensation (Details) [Line Items]
Options, vesting period		36 months

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - Sche

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - Schedule of fair value of options granted (Details) - Stock Options - 2018 Equity Incentive Plan	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Stock-Based Compensation (Details) [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate	3.70%	0.50%
Expected dividend yield	0%	0%
Expected volatility	90.50%	95.80%
Expected term (in years)	3 years 3 months 18 days	3 years

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - Sc_2

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - Schedule of stock option activity (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Number of Options
Beginning Balance (in shares)	54,391	24,824
Granted (in shares)	241,962	29,932
Exercised (in shares)	0	0
Forfeited (in shares)	(15,343)	(165)
Expired (in shares)	(200)	(200)
Ending Balance (in shares)	280,810	54,391	24,824
Number of Options, Exercisable (in shares)	71,131
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share
Beginning Balance (in dollars per share)	$ 172.60	$ 172.60
Granted (in dollars per share)	5.79	19.40
Exercised (in dollars per share)	0	0
Forfeited (in dollars per share)	0	0
Expired (in dollars per share)	0	0
Ending Balance (in dollars per share)	17	$ 172.60	$ 172.60
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share, Exercisable (in dollars per share)	$ 55.40
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)
Outstanding	3 years 10 months 24 days	3 years 10 months 24 days	3 years 10 months 24 days
Granted	4 years 9 months 18 days	4 years 7 months 6 days
Exercisable	3 years 10 months 24 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Beginning Balance	$ 0	$ 0
Granted	0	0
Exercised	0	0
Forfeited	0	0
Expired	0	0
Ending Balance	0	$ 0	$ 0
Exercisable	$ 0
Share price (in dollars per share)	$ 5.96	$ 19.60

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - Sc_3

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - Schedule of restricted stock unit activity (Details) - Restricted Stock Units - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Number of Units
Beginning Balance (in shares)	33	1,603
Granted (in shares)	19,049	0
Vested (in shares)	(283)	(1,570)
Forfeited (in shares)	0	0
Ending Balance (in shares)	18,799	33
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Unit
Beginning Balance (in dollars per share)	$ 36	$ 82.60
Granted (in dollars per share)	2.87	0
Vested (in dollars per share)	17.67	84.40
Forfeited (in dollars per share)	0	0
Ending Balance (in dollars per share)	$ 2.71	$ 36

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - Sc_4

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION - Schedule of stock-based compensation expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Stock-Based Compensation (Details) [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 711	$ 765
Research and development
Stock-Based Compensation (Details) [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	3	3
General and administrative
Stock-Based Compensation (Details) [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 708	$ 762

INCOME TAXES - Narrative (Detai

INCOME TAXES - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Current income taxes	$ 0	$ 0
Deferred income taxes	0	0
Operating loss carryforwards, federal	84,500,000
Operating loss carryforwards, state	71,000,000
Net operating losses that do not expire	40,100,000
Unrecognized tax benefits	0	$ 0	$ 0
Uncertain tax positions, interest or penalties accrued	$ 0

INCOME TAXES - Schedule of reco

INCOME TAXES - Schedule of reconciliation on income taxes (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Federal statutory tax rate	(21.00%)	(21.00%)
State taxed, net of federal tax benefit	(3.70%)	(4.00%)
Change in valuation allowance	14.30%	23.90%
Return-to-provision and other	7.90%	1.30%
Stock-based compensation	2.50%	1.40%
PPP loan forgiveness	0%	(1.70%)
Effective tax rate	0%	0%

INCOME TAXES - Schedule of defe

INCOME TAXES - Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Deferred income tax assets:
Federal and state net operating loss carryovers	$ 20,498	$ 19,448
Capitalized research costs	432	0
Stock-based compensation	253	333
Compensation accruals and other	92	139
Operating leases related to ROU assets	89	130
Deferred revenue	11	0
Depreciation	8	0
Other	1	0
Total deferred income tax assets	21,384	20,050
Valuation allowance for deferred income tax assets	(21,298)	(19,916)
Deferred income tax assets, net of valuation allowance	86	134
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Depreciation	0	(7)
ROU assets	(86)	(127)
Total deferred income tax liabilities	(86)	(134)
Deferred income tax assets, net	$ 0	$ 0

STOCKHOLDERS_ EQUITY (Details)

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		1 Months Ended				3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Feb. 13, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Nov. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021	Feb. 28, 2021	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Stockholders’ Deficit (Details) [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)		10,000,000					10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)		$ 0.001					$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)		0					0	0
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)		100,000,000					100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)		$ 0.001					$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock sold (in shares)			67,572	98,750	198,443
Common stock sold, price per share (in dollars per share)			$ 3.50	$ 40	$ 45.57	$ 40
Number of warrants (in shares)		4,414,685					4,414,685
Exercise price per share (in dollars per share)		$ 6.58					$ 6.58
Warrants, exercised (in shares)							131,000	35,059
Common stock sold, gross proceeds						$ 3,950
Common Stock
Stockholders’ Deficit (Details) [Line Items]
Stock issued, warrants exercised (in shares)							131,000
Common Stock Warrants Issued In November 2022
Stockholders’ Deficit (Details) [Line Items]
Gross proceeds, warrants exercised			$ 5,000
Pre-Funded Warrants
Stockholders’ Deficit (Details) [Line Items]
Exercise price per share (in dollars per share)		$ 3.50	$ 3.50				$ 3.50
Warrants, exercised (in shares)		131,000						0
Pre-Funded Warrants | Common Stock | Subsequent Event
Stockholders’ Deficit (Details) [Line Items]
Stock issued, warrants exercised (in shares)	1,230,000
Pre-Funded Warrants | Maximum
Stockholders’ Deficit (Details) [Line Items]
Number of warrants (in shares)			1,361,000
Series A and Series B Warrants Issued in November 2022 Common Stock Registered Direct Offering
Stockholders’ Deficit (Details) [Line Items]
Exercise price per share (in dollars per share)			$ 3.165
Series A and Series B Warrants Issued in November 2022 Common Stock Registered Direct Offering | Maximum
Stockholders’ Deficit (Details) [Line Items]
Number of warrants (in shares)			2,857,144
Warrants Issued in November 2022 Common Stock Registered Direct Offering | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC
Stockholders’ Deficit (Details) [Line Items]
Exercise price per share (in dollars per share)			$ 4.375
Warrants Issued in November 2022 Common Stock Registered Direct Offering | Maximum | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC
Stockholders’ Deficit (Details) [Line Items]
Number of warrants (in shares)			107,143
Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in March 2021 Registered Direct Offering | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC
Stockholders’ Deficit (Details) [Line Items]
Exercise price per share (in dollars per share)				$ 50		$ 50
Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in March 2021 Registered Direct Offering | Maximum | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC
Stockholders’ Deficit (Details) [Line Items]
Number of warrants (in shares)				7,408		7,408
Warrants Issued in February 2021 Private Placement Agreement
Stockholders’ Deficit (Details) [Line Items]
Exercise price per share (in dollars per share)					$ 44.32
Gross proceeds, warrants exercised					$ 10,000
Warrants Issued in February 2021 Private Placement Agreement | Maximum
Stockholders’ Deficit (Details) [Line Items]
Number of warrants (in shares)					109,730
Common Stock, Pre-Funded Warrants Issued in February 2021 Private Placement Agreement
Stockholders’ Deficit (Details) [Line Items]
Exercise price per share (in dollars per share)					$ 2.2775
Distributed (in shares)								420,000
Common Stock, Pre-Funded Warrants Issued in February 2021 Private Placement Agreement | Maximum
Stockholders’ Deficit (Details) [Line Items]
Number of warrants (in shares)					21,000
Common Stock, Associated Warrants Issued in February 2021 Private Placement Agreement | Maximum
Stockholders’ Deficit (Details) [Line Items]
Number of warrants (in shares)					109,730
Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in February 2021 Private Placement Agreement
Stockholders’ Deficit (Details) [Line Items]
Exercise price per share (in dollars per share)					$ 2.8481
Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in February 2021 Private Placement Agreement | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC
Stockholders’ Deficit (Details) [Line Items]
Number of warrants (in shares)					16,460
Exercise price per share (in dollars per share)					$ 56.96
Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in February 2021 Private Placement Agreement | Maximum
Stockholders’ Deficit (Details) [Line Items]
Number of warrants (in shares)					329,164

COMMON STOCK WARRANTS - Schedul

COMMON STOCK WARRANTS - Schedule of common stock warrant activity (Details) - $ / shares	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Nov. 30, 2022
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 6.58	$ 6.58
Class of Warrant or Right, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance (in shares)		226,484	129,034
Issued (in shares)		4,325,287	133,598
Exercised (in shares)		(131,000)	(35,059)
Expired (in shares)		0	0
Ending Balance (in shares)			226,484
Common Stock Offering
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant Type		Common Stock Offering
Term Date		November 2022
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 27.32	$ 27.32
Class of Warrant or Right, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance (in shares)		6,086	7,175
Issued (in shares)		0	0
Exercised (in shares)		0	(1,089)
Expired (in shares)		(6,086)	0
Ending Balance (in shares)	0	0	6,086
Reissue
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant Type		Reissue
Term Date		December 2023
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 728	$ 728
Class of Warrant or Right, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance (in shares)		2,835	2,835
Issued (in shares)		0	0
Exercised (in shares)		0	0
Expired (in shares)		0	0
Ending Balance (in shares)	2,835	2,835	2,835
Rights Offering
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant Type		Rights Offering
Term Date		July 2023
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 460	$ 460
Class of Warrant or Right, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance (in shares)		10,124	10,149
Issued (in shares)		0	0
Exercised (in shares)		0	(25)
Expired (in shares)		0	0
Ending Balance (in shares)	10,124	10,124	10,124
Dealer Manager
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant Type		Dealer Manager
Term Date		August 2023
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 690	$ 690
Class of Warrant or Right, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance (in shares)		670	670
Issued (in shares)		0	0
Exercised (in shares)		0	0
Expired (in shares)		0	0
Ending Balance (in shares)	670	670	670
Dealer Manager
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant Type		Dealer Manager
Term Date		July 2024
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 675	$ 675
Class of Warrant or Right, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance (in shares)		419	419
Issued (in shares)		0	0
Exercised (in shares)		0	0
Expired (in shares)		0	0
Ending Balance (in shares)	419	419	419
Registered Direct Offering
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant Type		Registered Direct Offering
Term Date		July 2025
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 180	$ 180
Class of Warrant or Right, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance (in shares)		8,761	8,761
Issued (in shares)		0	0
Exercised (in shares)		0	0
Expired (in shares)		0	0
Ending Balance (in shares)	8,761	8,761	8,761
Dealer Manager
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant Type		Dealer Manager
Term Date		July 2025
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 200	$ 200
Class of Warrant or Right, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance (in shares)		667	667
Issued (in shares)		0	0
Exercised (in shares)		0	0
Expired (in shares)		0	0
Ending Balance (in shares)	667	667	667
Dealer Manager
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant Type		Dealer Manager
Term Date		March 2025
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 75.13	$ 75.13
Class of Warrant or Right, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance (in shares)		664	664
Issued (in shares)		0	0
Exercised (in shares)		0	0
Expired (in shares)		0	0
Ending Balance (in shares)	664	664	664
Dealer Manager
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant Type		Dealer Manager
Term Date		April 2025
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 79.40	$ 79.40
Class of Warrant or Right, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance (in shares)		5,906	5,906
Issued (in shares)		0	0
Exercised (in shares)		0	0
Expired (in shares)		0	0
Ending Balance (in shares)	5,906	5,906	5,906
Registered Direct Offering
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant Type		Registered Direct Offering
Term Date		April 2025
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 61	$ 61
Class of Warrant or Right, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance (in shares)		2,500	2,500
Issued (in shares)		0	0
Exercised (in shares)		0	0
Expired (in shares)		0	0
Ending Balance (in shares)	2,500	2,500	2,500
Private Inducement
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant Type		Private Inducement
Term Date		April 2026
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 34.500	$ 34.500
Class of Warrant or Right, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance (in shares)		0	35,034
Issued (in shares)		0	0
Exercised (in shares)		0	(35,034)
Expired (in shares)		0	0
Ending Balance (in shares)	0	0	0
Private Inducement
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant Type		Private Inducement
Term Date		November 2027
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 3.165	$ 3.165
Class of Warrant or Right, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance (in shares)		50,000	50,000
Issued (in shares)		0	0
Exercised (in shares)		0	0
Expired (in shares)		0	0
Ending Balance (in shares)	50,000	50,000	50,000
Dealer Manager
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant Type		Dealer Manager
Term Date		April 2026
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 43.12	$ 43.12
Class of Warrant or Right, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance (in shares)		4,254	4,254
Issued (in shares)		0	0
Exercised (in shares)		0	0
Expired (in shares)		0	0
Ending Balance (in shares)	4,254	4,254	4,254
Private Placement Agreement
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant Type		Private Placement Agreement
Term Date		August 2026
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 44.32	$ 44.32
Class of Warrant or Right, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance (in shares)		82,300	0
Issued (in shares)		0	82,300
Exercised (in shares)		0	0
Expired (in shares)		0	0
Ending Balance (in shares)	82,300	82,300	82,300
Private Placement Agreement
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant Type		Private Placement Agreement
Term Date		November 2027
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 3.165	$ 3.165
Class of Warrant or Right, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance (in shares)		27,430	0
Issued (in shares)		0	27,430
Exercised (in shares)		0	0
Expired (in shares)		0	0
Ending Balance (in shares)	27,430	27,430	27,430
Dealer Manager
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant Type		Dealer Manager
Term Date		August 2026
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 56.96	$ 56.96
Class of Warrant or Right, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance (in shares)		16,460	0
Issued (in shares)		0	16,460
Exercised (in shares)		0	0
Expired (in shares)		0	0
Ending Balance (in shares)	16,460	16,460	16,460
Dealer Manager
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant Type		Dealer Manager
Term Date		March 2026
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 50	$ 50
Class of Warrant or Right, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance (in shares)		7,408	0
Issued (in shares)		0	7,408
Exercised (in shares)		0	0
Expired (in shares)		0	0
Ending Balance (in shares)	7,408	7,408	7,408
Pre-Funded Warrants
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant Type		Pre-Funded Warrants
Term Date		February 2023
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 3.50	$ 3.50		$ 3.50
Class of Warrant or Right, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance (in shares)		0	0
Issued (in shares)		1,361,000	0
Exercised (in shares)	(131,000)		0
Expired (in shares)		0	0
Ending Balance (in shares)	1,230,000	1,230,000	0
Series A
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant Type		Series A
Term Date		November 2027
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 3.165	$ 3.165		3.165
Class of Warrant or Right, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance (in shares)		0	0
Issued (in shares)		1,428,572	0
Exercised (in shares)		0	0
Expired (in shares)		0	0
Ending Balance (in shares)	1,428,572	1,428,572	0
Series B
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant Type		Series B
Term Date		December 2023
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 3.165	$ 3.165		$ 3.165
Class of Warrant or Right, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance (in shares)		0	0
Issued (in shares)		1,428,572	0
Exercised (in shares)		0	0
Expired (in shares)		0	0
Ending Balance (in shares)	1,428,572	1,428,572	0
Dealer Manager
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant Type		Dealer Manager
Term Date		November 2027
Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 4.375	$ 4.375
Class of Warrant or Right, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance (in shares)		0	0
Issued (in shares)		107,143	0
Exercised (in shares)		0	0
Expired (in shares)		0	0
Ending Balance (in shares)	107,143	107,143	0

COMMON STOCK WARRANTS - Sched_2

COMMON STOCK WARRANTS - Schedule of common stock warrant expiration information (Details)	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares shares
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 6.58
Shares (in shares) | shares	4,414,685
2023
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 5.99
Shares (in shares) | shares	2,672,201
2024
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 675
Shares (in shares) | shares	419
2025
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 128.75
Shares (in shares) | shares	18,498
2026
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 46.54
Shares (in shares) | shares	110,422
2027
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 3.25
Shares (in shares) | shares	1,613,145

COMMON STOCK WARRANTS - Narrati

COMMON STOCK WARRANTS - Narrative (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands

1 Months Ended

3 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2017 USD ($) $ / shares shares

Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares shares

Nov. 30, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares year month shares

Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($) year $ / shares shares

Feb. 28, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares year shares

Oct. 31, 2020 USD ($) year $ / shares shares

Jan. 31, 2020 USD ($) year $ / shares shares

Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($) year $ / shares shares

Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares shares

Dec. 31, 2021 shares

Dec. 31, 2020 shares

Apr. 30, 2020 USD ($) year $ / shares shares

Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($) year $ / shares shares

Jul. 31, 2019 USD ($) $ / shares year shares

Aug. 31, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares year shares

Jun. 30, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares year shares

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Exercise Price (in dollars per share)

$ 6.58

$ 6.58

Warrants outstanding (in shares) | shares

226,484

129,034

Number of warrants (in shares) | shares

4,414,685

4,414,685

Warrants, exercised (in shares) | shares

131,000

35,059

Common stock sold (in shares) | shares

67,572

98,750

198,443

Common stock sold, price per share (in dollars per share)

$ 3.50

$ 40

$ 45.57

$ 40

Common stock sold, gross proceeds | $

$ 3,950

Registered Direct Offering | Common Stock

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Common stock sold (in shares) | shares

98,750

Common stock sold, price per share (in dollars per share)

$ 40

$ 40

Common stock sold, gross proceeds | $

$ 3,950

November 2017 Warrants

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Number of warrant (in shares) | shares

2,835

Exercise Price (in dollars per share)

$ 600

Gross proceeds, warrants exercised | $

$ 1,700

June 2018 Warrants

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Number of warrant (in shares) | shares

2,835

Exercise Price (in dollars per share)

$ 728

Warrants, fair value | $

$ 1,700

June 2018 Warrants | Measurement Input, Share Price

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

844

June 2018 Warrants | Measurement Input, Price Volatility

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0.726

June 2018 Warrants | Measurement Input, Expected Term

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input | year

5

June 2018 Warrants | Measurement Input, Expected Dividend Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0

June 2018 Warrants | Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0.028

August 2018 Rights Offering

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Exercise Price (in dollars per share)

$ 460

Warrants, fair value | $

$ 3,600

Number of warrants (in shares) | shares

13,393

August 2018 Rights Offering | Measurement Input, Share Price

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

376

August 2018 Rights Offering | Measurement Input, Price Volatility

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

1.590

August 2018 Rights Offering | Measurement Input, Expected Term

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input | year

5

August 2018 Rights Offering | Measurement Input, Expected Dividend Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0

August 2018 Rights Offering | Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0.0277

August 2018 Rights Offering | Affiliated Entity

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Exercise Price (in dollars per share)

$ 690

Warrants, fair value | $

$ 169

Number of warrants (in shares) | shares

670

August 2018 Rights Offering | Affiliated Entity | Measurement Input, Share Price

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

376

August 2018 Rights Offering | Affiliated Entity | Measurement Input, Price Volatility

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

1.590

August 2018 Rights Offering | Affiliated Entity | Measurement Input, Expected Term

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input | year

5

August 2018 Rights Offering | Affiliated Entity | Measurement Input, Expected Dividend Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0

August 2018 Rights Offering | Affiliated Entity | Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0.0277

Warrants Issued to Underwriter of Common Stock Offering | HC Wainwright & Co

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Number of warrant (in shares) | shares

419

Exercise Price (in dollars per share)

$ 675

Warrants, fair value | $

$ 127

Warrants Issued to Underwriter of Common Stock Offering | HC Wainwright & Co | Measurement Input, Share Price

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

536

Warrants Issued to Underwriter of Common Stock Offering | HC Wainwright & Co | Measurement Input, Price Volatility

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

1.333

Warrants Issued to Underwriter of Common Stock Offering | HC Wainwright & Co | Measurement Input, Expected Term

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input | year

5

Warrants Issued to Underwriter of Common Stock Offering | HC Wainwright & Co | Measurement Input, Expected Dividend Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0

Warrants Issued to Underwriter of Common Stock Offering | HC Wainwright & Co | Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0.0207

Warrants Issued in January 2020 Private Placement

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value | $

$ 813

Earliest exercise criteria, if circumstances met, period

6 months

Beneficial ownership limitation, maximum ownership threshold after exercise, outstanding common stock, percent

4.99%

Beneficial ownership limitation, exception to maximum ownership threshold after exercise, minimum number of days prior notice from holder

61 days

Beneficial ownership limitation, maximum ownership threshold after giving effect to the exercise, outstanding common stock, percent

9.99%

Number of fractional shares to be issued when exercised, shares (in shares) | shares

0

Warrants Issued in January 2020 Private Placement | Measurement Input, Share Price

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

158

Warrants Issued in January 2020 Private Placement | Measurement Input, Price Volatility

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0.738

Warrants Issued in January 2020 Private Placement | Measurement Input, Expected Term

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input | year

5

Warrants Issued in January 2020 Private Placement | Measurement Input, Expected Dividend Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0

Warrants Issued in January 2020 Private Placement | Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0.0153

Warrants Issued in January 2020 Private Placement | Maximum

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Number of warrants (in shares) | shares

8,875

Warrants Issued in April 2020 Public Offering

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Exercise Price (in dollars per share)

$ 61

Warrants, fair value | $

$ 2,400

Number of warrants (in shares) | shares

78,715

Warrants Issued in April 2020 Public Offering | Measurement Input, Share Price

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

48

Warrants Issued in April 2020 Public Offering | Measurement Input, Price Volatility

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0.879

Warrants Issued in April 2020 Public Offering | Measurement Input, Expected Term

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input | year

5

Warrants Issued in April 2020 Public Offering | Measurement Input, Expected Dividend Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0

Warrants Issued in April 2020 Public Offering | Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0.0018

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in 2020 Private Placement

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value | $

$ 58

$ 17

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in 2020 Private Placement | Measurement Input, Share Price

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

158

47

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in 2020 Private Placement | Measurement Input, Price Volatility

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0.738

0.748

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in 2020 Private Placement | Measurement Input, Expected Term

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input | year

5

6

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in 2020 Private Placement | Measurement Input, Expected Dividend Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0

0

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in 2020 Private Placement | Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0.0153

0.0039

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in 2020 Private Placement | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Exercise Price (in dollars per share)

$ 200

$ 75.13

Number of warrants (in shares) | shares

667

664

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in 2020 Registered Direct Offering

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Exercise Price (in dollars per share)

$ 79.40

Warrants, fair value | $

$ 167

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in 2020 Registered Direct Offering | Measurement Input, Share Price

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

48

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in 2020 Registered Direct Offering | Measurement Input, Price Volatility

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0.879

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in 2020 Registered Direct Offering | Measurement Input, Expected Term

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input | year

6

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in 2020 Registered Direct Offering | Measurement Input, Expected Dividend Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in 2020 Registered Direct Offering | Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0.0018

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in 2020 Registered Direct Offering | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Number of warrants (in shares) | shares

5,906

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in October 2020 Private Warrant Inducement Offering

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Exercise Price (in dollars per share)

$ 34.50

$ 61

$ 57.60

Warrants, fair value | $

$ 1,800

Number of warrants (in shares) | shares

85,034

Warrants, exercised (in shares) | shares

85,034

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in October 2020 Private Warrant Inducement Offering | Measurement Input, Share Price

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

29.40

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in October 2020 Private Warrant Inducement Offering | Measurement Input, Price Volatility

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0.965

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in October 2020 Private Warrant Inducement Offering | Measurement Input, Expected Term

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input | year

6

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in October 2020 Private Warrant Inducement Offering | Measurement Input, Expected Dividend Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in October 2020 Private Warrant Inducement Offering | Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0.0018

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in October 2020 Private Warrant Inducement Offering, Modified November 2020 Registered Direct Offering

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Exercise Price (in dollars per share)

$ 3.165

Warrants, fair value | $

$ 110

Warrants outstanding (in shares) | shares

50,000

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in October 2020 Private Warrant Inducement Offering, Modified November 2020 Registered Direct Offering | Measurement Input, Share Price

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

3.03

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in October 2020 Private Warrant Inducement Offering, Modified November 2020 Registered Direct Offering | Measurement Input, Price Volatility

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0.939

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in October 2020 Private Warrant Inducement Offering, Modified November 2020 Registered Direct Offering | Measurement Input, Expected Term

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input | year

5

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in October 2020 Private Warrant Inducement Offering, Modified November 2020 Registered Direct Offering | Measurement Input, Expected Dividend Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in October 2020 Private Warrant Inducement Offering, Modified November 2020 Registered Direct Offering | Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0.0383

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in October 2020 Inducement Offering | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Exercise Price (in dollars per share)

$ 43.12

Warrants, fair value | $

$ 86

Number of warrants (in shares) | shares

4,254

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in October 2020 Inducement Offering | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC | Measurement Input, Share Price

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

29.40

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in October 2020 Inducement Offering | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC | Measurement Input, Price Volatility

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0.965

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in October 2020 Inducement Offering | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC | Measurement Input, Expected Term

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input | year

6

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in October 2020 Inducement Offering | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC | Measurement Input, Expected Dividend Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in October 2020 Inducement Offering | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC | Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0.0018

Warrants Issued in February 2021 Private Placement Agreement

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Exercise Price (in dollars per share)

$ 44.32

Gross proceeds, warrants exercised | $

$ 10,000

Warrants, fair value | $

$ 3,100

Beneficial ownership limitation, maximum ownership threshold after exercise, outstanding common stock, percent

4.99%

Beneficial ownership limitation, exception to maximum ownership threshold after exercise, minimum number of days prior notice from holder

61 days

Beneficial ownership limitation, maximum ownership threshold after giving effect to the exercise, outstanding common stock, percent

9.99%

Warrants, exercise period

5 years 6 months

Warrants Issued in February 2021 Private Placement Agreement | Measurement Input, Share Price

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

38.60

Warrants Issued in February 2021 Private Placement Agreement | Measurement Input, Price Volatility

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0.956

Warrants Issued in February 2021 Private Placement Agreement | Measurement Input, Expected Term

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input | year

6

Warrants Issued in February 2021 Private Placement Agreement | Measurement Input, Expected Dividend Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0

Warrants Issued in February 2021 Private Placement Agreement | Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0.0018

Warrants Issued in February 2021 Private Placement Agreement | Maximum

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Number of warrants (in shares) | shares

109,730

Warrants Issued in February 2021 Private Placement Agreement, Modified November 2022 Registered Direct Offering

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Exercise Price (in dollars per share)

$ 3.165

Warrants, fair value | $

$ 60

Warrants outstanding (in shares) | shares

27,430

Warrants Issued in February 2021 Private Placement Agreement, Modified November 2022 Registered Direct Offering | Measurement Input, Share Price

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

3.03

Warrants Issued in February 2021 Private Placement Agreement, Modified November 2022 Registered Direct Offering | Measurement Input, Price Volatility

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0.939

Warrants Issued in February 2021 Private Placement Agreement, Modified November 2022 Registered Direct Offering | Measurement Input, Expected Term

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input | year

5

Warrants Issued in February 2021 Private Placement Agreement, Modified November 2022 Registered Direct Offering | Measurement Input, Expected Dividend Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0

Warrants Issued in February 2021 Private Placement Agreement, Modified November 2022 Registered Direct Offering | Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0.0383

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in February 2021 Private Placement Agreement

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Exercise Price (in dollars per share)

$ 2.8481

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in February 2021 Private Placement Agreement | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Exercise Price (in dollars per share)

$ 56.96

Warrants, fair value | $

$ 435

Number of warrants (in shares) | shares

16,460

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in February 2021 Private Placement Agreement | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC | Measurement Input, Share Price

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

38.60

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in February 2021 Private Placement Agreement | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC | Measurement Input, Price Volatility

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0.956

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in February 2021 Private Placement Agreement | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC | Measurement Input, Expected Term

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input | year

6

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in February 2021 Private Placement Agreement | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC | Measurement Input, Expected Dividend Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in February 2021 Private Placement Agreement | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC | Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0.0018

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in February 2021 Private Placement Agreement | Maximum

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Number of warrants (in shares) | shares

329,164

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in March 2021 Registered Direct Offering | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Exercise Price (in dollars per share)

$ 50

$ 50

Warrants, fair value | $

$ 181

$ 181

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in March 2021 Registered Direct Offering | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC | Measurement Input, Share Price

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

35.20

35.20

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in March 2021 Registered Direct Offering | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC | Measurement Input, Price Volatility

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

1.008

1.008

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in March 2021 Registered Direct Offering | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC | Measurement Input, Expected Term

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input | year

5

5

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in March 2021 Registered Direct Offering | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC | Measurement Input, Expected Dividend Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0

0

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in March 2021 Registered Direct Offering | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC | Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0.0031

0.0031

Warrants Issued to Placement Agent in March 2021 Registered Direct Offering | Maximum | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Number of warrants (in shares) | shares

7,408

7,408

Warrants Issued in November 2022 Common Stock Registered Direct Offering | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Exercise Price (in dollars per share)

$ 4.375

Warrants, fair value | $

$ 240

Warrants, expiration period

5 years

Warrants, exercise period following date of issuance

6 months

Warrants Issued in November 2022 Common Stock Registered Direct Offering | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC | Measurement Input, Share Price

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

3.25

Warrants Issued in November 2022 Common Stock Registered Direct Offering | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC | Measurement Input, Price Volatility

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0.939

Warrants Issued in November 2022 Common Stock Registered Direct Offering | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC | Measurement Input, Expected Term

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input | year

5

Warrants Issued in November 2022 Common Stock Registered Direct Offering | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC | Measurement Input, Expected Dividend Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0

Warrants Issued in November 2022 Common Stock Registered Direct Offering | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC | Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0.0383

Warrants Issued in November 2022 Common Stock Registered Direct Offering | Maximum | H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Number of warrants (in shares) | shares

107,143

Pre-Funded Warrants Issued in November 2022 Common Stock Registered Direct Offering

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Exercise Price (in dollars per share)

$ 3.50

$ 3.50

$ 3.50

Warrants, fair value | $

$ 153

Warrants outstanding (in shares) | shares

1,230,000

1,230,000

0

0

Warrants, exercised (in shares) | shares

131,000

0

Pre-Funded Warrants Issued in November 2022 Common Stock Registered Direct Offering | Measurement Input, Share Price

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

3.03

Pre-Funded Warrants Issued in November 2022 Common Stock Registered Direct Offering | Measurement Input, Price Volatility

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0.939

Pre-Funded Warrants Issued in November 2022 Common Stock Registered Direct Offering | Measurement Input, Expected Term

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input | month

3

Pre-Funded Warrants Issued in November 2022 Common Stock Registered Direct Offering | Measurement Input, Expected Dividend Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0

Pre-Funded Warrants Issued in November 2022 Common Stock Registered Direct Offering | Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0.0383

Pre-Funded Warrants Issued in November 2022 Common Stock Registered Direct Offering | Maximum

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Number of warrants (in shares) | shares

1,361,000

Series A Warrants Issued in November 2022 Common Stock Registered Direct Offering

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Exercise Price (in dollars per share)

$ 3.165

$ 3.165

$ 3.165

Warrants, fair value | $

$ 3,100

Warrants outstanding (in shares) | shares

1,428,572

1,428,572

0

0

Warrants, exercised (in shares) | shares

0

0

Warrants, expiration period

5 years

Series A Warrants Issued in November 2022 Common Stock Registered Direct Offering | Measurement Input, Share Price

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

3.03

Series A Warrants Issued in November 2022 Common Stock Registered Direct Offering | Measurement Input, Price Volatility

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0.939

Series A Warrants Issued in November 2022 Common Stock Registered Direct Offering | Measurement Input, Expected Term

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input | year

5

Series A Warrants Issued in November 2022 Common Stock Registered Direct Offering | Measurement Input, Expected Dividend Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0

Series A Warrants Issued in November 2022 Common Stock Registered Direct Offering | Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0.0383

Series A Warrants Issued in November 2022 Common Stock Registered Direct Offering | Maximum

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Number of warrants (in shares) | shares

1,428,572

Series B Warrants Issued in November 2022 Common Stock Registered Direct Offering

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Exercise Price (in dollars per share)

$ 3.165

$ 3.165

$ 3.165

Warrants, fair value | $

$ 1,600

Warrants outstanding (in shares) | shares

1,428,572

1,428,572

0

0

Warrants, exercised (in shares) | shares

0

0

Warrants, expiration period

13 months

Series B Warrants Issued in November 2022 Common Stock Registered Direct Offering | Measurement Input, Share Price

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

3.03

Series B Warrants Issued in November 2022 Common Stock Registered Direct Offering | Measurement Input, Price Volatility

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0.939

Series B Warrants Issued in November 2022 Common Stock Registered Direct Offering | Measurement Input, Expected Term

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input | year

5

Series B Warrants Issued in November 2022 Common Stock Registered Direct Offering | Measurement Input, Expected Dividend Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0

Series B Warrants Issued in November 2022 Common Stock Registered Direct Offering | Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Warrants, fair value, measurement input

0.0383

Series B Warrants Issued in November 2022 Common Stock Registered Direct Offering | Maximum

Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]

Number of warrants (in shares) | shares

1,428,572

LOSS PER SHARE -Schedule of out

LOSS PER SHARE -Schedule of outstanding potentially dilutive securities (Details) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total (in shares)	4,715,410	280,996
Common stock warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total (in shares)	4,414,810	226,572
Restricted stock units
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total (in shares)	18,799	33
Common stock options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total (in shares)	281,801	54,391

CONTINGENCIES (Details)

CONTINGENCIES (Details)	1 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Minimum | Superior Court of The State of California, Kennan E. Kaedar Litigation | Pending Litigation
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Damages sought (in excess of)	$ 500,000

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (Det

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Affiliated Entity | Kito Impact Foundation
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Payments for related party transaction	$ 50,400	$ 50,400

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (Details)

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (Details) - Common Stock - shares		12 Months Ended
	Feb. 13, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Stock issued, warrants exercised (in shares)		131,000
Subsequent Event | Pre-Funded Warrants
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Stock issued, warrants exercised (in shares)	1,230,000