NI (NODK) 10-Q 8 May 19 2019 Q1 Quarterly report Financial data

Document and Entity Information

Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	May 03, 2019
Document and Entity Information [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	NI Holdings, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001681206
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		22,209,295
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2019
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019

Unaudited Consolidated Balance

Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 70,127	$ 68,950
Fixed income securities, at fair value	260,824	254,969
Equity securities, at fair value	57,106	48,498
Other investments	1,914	1,954
Total cash and investments	389,971	374,371
Premiums and agents' balances receivable	38,502	34,287
Deferred policy acquisition costs	14,791	12,866
Reinsurance recoverables on losses	3,143	2,232
Accrued investment income	1,865	1,898
Property and equipment	7,243	6,979
Receivable from Federal Crop Insurance Corporation	14,282	16,169
Goodwill and other intangibles	3,488	4,623
Other assets	4,002	5,067
Total assets	477,287	458,492
Liabilities:
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses	85,560	87,121
Unearned premiums	88,171	84,767
Reinsurance premiums payable	224
Federal income tax payable	166	197
Deferred income taxes, net	3,059	711
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	6,652	9,943
Commitments and Contingencies
Total liabilities	183,832	182,739
Equity:
Common stock, $0.01 par value, authorized: 25,000,000 shares; issued: 23,000,000 shares; and outstanding: 2019 - 22,209,499 shares, 2018 - 22,192,894 shares	230	230
Preferred stock, without par value, authorized 5,000,000 shares, no shares issued or outstanding
Additional paid-in capital	94,829	94,486
Unearned employee stock ownership plan shares	(1,914)	(1,914)
Retained earnings	205,853	183,946
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of income taxes	1,445	6,376
Treasury stock, at cost, 2019 - 599,131 shares, 2018 - 615,736 shares	(10,332)	(10,634)
Non-controlling interest	3,344	3,263
Total equity	293,455	275,753
Total liabilities and equity	$ 477,287	$ 458,492

Unaudited Consolidated Balanc_2

Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Common stock, par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized	25,000,000	25,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	23,000,000	23,000,000
Common stock, shares outstanding	22,209,499	22,192,894
Preferred stock, shares authorized	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Treasury stock, shares	599,131	615,736

Unaudited Consolidated Statemen

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Revenues:
Net premiums earned	$ 50,506	$ 36,112
Fee and other income	464	377
Net investment income	1,743	1,369
Net capital gain on investments	7,859	469
Total revenues	60,572	38,327
Expenses:
Losses and loss adjustment expenses	26,234	18,849
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	9,222	7,039
Other underwriting and general expenses	7,472	4,838
Total expenses	42,928	30,726
Income before income taxes	17,644	7,601
Income taxes	3,848	1,449
Net income	13,796	6,152
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest	23	30
Net income attributable to NI Holdings, Inc.	$ 13,773	$ 6,122
Basic earnings per common share	$ 0.62	$ 0.27
Diluted earnings per common share	$ 0.62	$ 0.27

Unaudited Consolidated Statem_2

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Net income	$ 13,796	$ 6,152
Other comprehensive income, before income taxes:
Holding gains on investments	4,164	(4,001)
Reclassification adjustment for net realized capital loss included in net income	27	(469)
Other comprehensive income, before income taxes	4,191	(4,470)
Income tax benefit related to items of other comprehensive income	(880)	938
Other comprehensive income, net of income taxes	3,311	(3,532)
Comprehensive income	17,107	2,620
Attributable to NI Holdings, [Member]
Net income	13,773	6,122
Other comprehensive income, before income taxes:
Holding gains on investments	4,092	(3,919)
Reclassification adjustment for net realized capital loss included in net income	26	(469)
Other comprehensive income, before income taxes	4,118	(4,388)
Income tax benefit related to items of other comprehensive income	(865)	921
Other comprehensive income, net of income taxes	3,253	(3,467)
Comprehensive income	17,026	2,655
Attributable to Non-Controlling Interest [Member]
Net income	23	30
Other comprehensive income, before income taxes:
Holding gains on investments	72	(82)
Reclassification adjustment for net realized capital loss included in net income	1
Other comprehensive income, before income taxes	73	(82)
Income tax benefit related to items of other comprehensive income	(15)	17
Other comprehensive income, net of income taxes	58	(65)
Comprehensive income	$ 81	$ (35)

Unaudited Consolidated Statem_3

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Unearned Employee Stock Ownership Plan Shares [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Income Taxes [Member]	Treasury Stock	Non-controlling Interest [Member]	Total
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 230	$ 93,496	$ (2,157)	$ 152,865	$ 15,998	$ (8,037)	$ 3,178	$ 255,573
Net income				6,122			30	6,152
Other comprehensive income, net of income taxes					(3,467)		(65)	(3,532)
Share-based compensation		456						456
Issuance of vested award shares		(274)				274
Balance at Mar. 31, 2018	230	93,678	(2,157)	158,987	12,531	(7,763)	3,143	258,649
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017	230	93,496	(2,157)	152,865	15,998	(8,037)	3,178	255,573
Purchase of treasury stock								(2,966)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018	230	94,486	(1,914)	183,946	6,376	(10,634)	3,263	275,753
Cumulative effect of change in accounting for equity securities				8,184	(8,184)
Net income				13,773			23	13,796
Other comprehensive income, net of income taxes					3,253		58	3,311
Purchase of treasury stock						(2)		(2)
Share-based compensation		617						617
Issuance of vested award shares		(274)		(50)		304		(20)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2019	$ 230	$ 94,829	$ (1,914)	$ 205,853	$ 1,445	$ (10,332)	$ 3,344	$ 293,455

Unaudited Consolidated Statem_4

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net income	$ 13,796	$ 6,152
Adjustments to reconcile net income to operating cash flows:
Net capital gain on investments	(7,859)	(469)
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)	1,468	(120)
Depreciation of property and equipment	142	139
Amortization of intangibles	1,135
Share-based compensation	617	456
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	9,222	7,039
Deferral of policy acquisition costs	(11,147)	(7,160)
Net amortization of premiums and discounts on investments	250	349
Gain on sale of property and equipment	3
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Premiums and agents' balances receivable	(4,215)	(1,336)
Reinsurance premiums receivable / payable	224	(409)
Reinsurance recoverables on losses	(911)	998
Accrued investment income	33	171
Receivable from Federal Crop Insurance Corporation	1,887	766
Federal income tax recoverable / payable	(31)	69
Other assets	1,065	234
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses	(1,561)	(2,027)
Unearned premiums	3,404	2,126
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	(3,291)	(2,639)
Net cash flows from operating activities	4,231	4,339
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sales of fixed income securities	12,342	14,402
Proceeds from sales of equity securities	2,024	2,392
Purchases of fixed income securities	(14,282)	(20,542)
Purchases of equity securities	(2,746)	(2,853)
Purchases of property and equipment, net	(410)	(141)
Other	40	18
Net cash flows from investing activities	(3,032)	(6,724)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Purchases of treasury stock	(2)
Issuance of restricted stock awards	(20)
Net cash flows from financing activities	(22)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	1,177	(2,385)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	68,950	27,594
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$ 70,127	$ 25,209

Unaudited Consolidated Statem_5

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Statement of Cash Flows [Abstract]
Paid income tax	$ 2,000	$ 1,500

Organization

Organization	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Organization	1. Organization NI Holdings, Inc. (“NI Holdings”) is a North Dakota business corporation that is the stock holding company of Nodak Insurance Company and became such in connection with the conversion of Nodak Mutual Insurance Company from a mutual to stock form of organization and the creation of a mutual holding company. The conversion was consummated on March 13, 2017. Immediately following the conversion, all of the outstanding shares of common stock of Nodak Insurance Company (the successor to Nodak Mutual Insurance Company) were issued to Nodak Mutual Group, Inc., which then contributed the shares to NI Holdings in exchange for 55% of the outstanding shares of common stock of NI Holdings. Nodak Insurance Company then became a wholly-owned stock subsidiary of NI Holdings. Prior to completion of the conversion, NI Holdings conducted no business and had no assets or liabilities. As a result of the conversion, NI Holdings became the holding company for Nodak Insurance Company and its existing subsidiaries. The newly issued shares of NI Holdings were available for public trading on March 16, 2017. These consolidated financial statements of NI Holdings include the financial position and results of NI Holdings and six other entities: · Nodak Insurance Company (“Nodak Insurance”, formerly Nodak Mutual Insurance Company prior to the conversion); · Nodak Agency, Inc. (“Nodak Agency”); · American West Insurance Company (“American West”); · Primero Insurance Company (“Primero”); · Battle Creek Mutual Insurance Company (“Battle Creek”, an affiliated company with Nodak Insurance); and · Direct Auto Insurance Company (“Direct Auto”). Nodak Insurance is the largest domestic property and casualty insurance company in North Dakota. Nodak Insurance was incorporated on April 15, 1946 under the laws of North Dakota, and benefits from a strong marketing affiliation with the North Dakota Farm Bureau (“NDFB”). Nodak Insurance specializes in providing private passenger auto, homeowners, farmowners, commercial, crop hail, and Federal multi-peril crop insurance coverages. Nodak Agency, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Nodak Insurance, is an inactive shell corporation. American West, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Nodak Insurance, is a property and casualty insurance company licensed in eight states in the Midwest and Western regions of the United States. American West began writing policies in 2002 and primarily writes personal auto, homeowners, and farm coverages in South Dakota. American West also writes personal auto in North Dakota, as well as crop hail and Federal multi-peril crop insurance coverages in Minnesota and South Dakota. Primero is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Tri-State, Ltd. Tri-State, Ltd. is an inactive shell corporation 100% owned by Nodak Insurance. Primero is a property and casualty insurance company writing non-standard automobile coverage in the states of Nevada, Arizona, North Dakota and South Dakota. Battle Creek is controlled by Nodak Insurance via a surplus note and 100% quota-share agreement. The terms of the surplus note and quota-share agreement allow Nodak Insurance to appoint two-thirds of the Battle Creek Board of Directors. Battle Creek is a property and casualty insurance company writing personal auto, homeowners, and farm coverages solely in the state of Nebraska. Direct Auto, a wholly-owned subsidiary of NI Holdings, is a property and casualty company licensed in Illinois. Direct Auto began writing non-standard automobile coverage in 2007, and was acquired by NI Holdings on August 31, 2018 via a stock purchase agreement. See Note 4. The same executive management team provides oversight and strategic direction for the entire organization. Nodak Insurance provides common product oversight, pricing practices, and underwriting standards, as well as underwriting and claims administration, to itself, American West, and Battle Creek. Primero and Direct Auto personnel manage the day-to-day operations of their respective companies. The insurance companies share a combined business plan to achieve market penetration and underwriting profitability objectives. Distinctions within the products of the insurance companies generally relate to the states in which the risk is located and specific risk profiles targeted within similar classes of business.

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	2. Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the interim period ended March 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ended December 31, 2019. Our consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, as well as Battle Creek, an entity we control via contract. We have eliminated all significant inter-company accounts and transactions in consolidation. The terms “we”, “us”, “our”, or “the Company” as used herein refer to the consolidated entity.

Summary of Significant Accounti

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Use of Estimates: In preparing our consolidated financial statements, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the balance sheet and revenues and expenses for the periods then ended. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. We make estimates and assumptions that can have a significant effect on amounts and disclosures we report in our consolidated financial statements. The most significant estimates relate to our reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, earned premiums for crop insurance, valuation of investments, determination of other-than-temporary impairments, valuation allowances for deferred income tax assets, deferred policy acquisition costs, and the valuations used to establish intangible assets acquired related to business combinations. While we believe our estimates are appropriate, the ultimate amounts may differ from the estimates provided. We regularly review our methods for making these estimates as well as the continuing appropriateness of the estimated amounts, and we reflect any adjustment we consider necessary in our current results of operations. Variable-Interest Entities: Any company deemed to be a variable interest entity (“VIE”) is required to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the VIE. We assess our investments in other entities at inception to determine if any meet the qualifications of a VIE. We consider an investment in another company to be a VIE if (a) the total equity investment at risk is not sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, (b) the characteristics of a controlling financial interest are missing (either the ability to make decisions through voting or other rights, the obligation to absorb expected losses of the entity or the right to receive the expected residual returns of the entity), or (c) the voting rights of the equity holders are not proportional to their obligations to absorb the expected losses of the entity and/or the rights to receive the expected residual returns of the entity, and substantially all of the entity’s activities either involve or are conducted on behalf of an investor that has disproportionately few voting rights. Upon the occurrence of certain events, we would reassess our initial determination of whether the investment is a VIE. We evaluate whether we are the primary beneficiary of each VIE and we consolidate the VIE if we have both (1) the power to direct the economically significant activities of the entity and (2) the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the entity. We consider the contractual agreements that define the ownership structure, distribution of profits and losses, risks, responsibilities, indebtedness, voting rights, and board representation of the respective parties in determining whether we qualify as the primary beneficiary. Our assessment of whether we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE is performed at least annually. We control Battle Creek via a 100% quota-share reinsurance agreement between Nodak Insurance and Battle Creek, as well as the ability to control a majority of the Board of Directors of Battle Creek. Through the effects of the 100% quota-share agreement with Battle Creek, we are considered the primary beneficiary of Battle Creek’s operating results excluding investment income, bad debt expense, and income taxes. Therefore, we consolidate the financial statements of Battle Creek, and Battle Creek’s policyholders’ interest in Battle Creek is reflected as a non-controlling interest in Equity in our Consolidated Balance Sheet. Cash and Cash Equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents include certain investments in highly liquid debt instruments with original maturities of three months or less. Cost approximates fair value for these short-term investments. Investments: We have categorized our investment portfolio as “available-for-sale” and have reported the portfolio at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses on fixed income securities, and on equity securities prior to January 1, 2019, net of income taxes, are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income. Effective January 1, 2019, in accordance with a change in accounting rule, changes in unrealized gains and losses on equity securities are reported as a component of net capital gain on investments in our operating results. Fair values are based on quoted market prices or dealer quotes, if available. If a quoted market price is not available, fair value is estimated using quoted market prices for similar securities. Amortization of premium and accretion of discount are computed using an effective interest method. Net investment income includes interest and dividend income together with amortization of purchase premiums and discounts, and is net of investment management and custody fees. Realized gains and losses on investments are determined using the specific identification method and are included in net capital gain on investments, along with the change in unrealized gains and losses on equity securities after January 1, 2019. We review our investments each quarter to determine whether a decline in fair value below the amortized cost basis is other than temporary. Accordingly, we assess whether we intend to sell or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell a security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. For fixed income securities that are considered other-than-temporarily impaired and that we do not intend to sell and will not be required to sell prior to recovery of the amortized cost basis, we separate the amount of the impairment into the amount that is credit related (credit loss component) and the amount due to all other factors. The credit loss component is recognized in earnings and is the difference between the security’s amortized cost basis and the present value of its expected future cash flows discounted at the security’s effective yield. The remaining difference between the security’s fair value and the present value of future expected cash flows is due to factors that are not credit related and, therefore, is not required to be recognized as losses in the Consolidated Statement of Operations, but is recognized in other comprehensive income. We classify each fair value measurement at the appropriate level in the fair value hierarchy. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted market price in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level I measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level III measurements). An asset’s or liability’s classification within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of significant input to its valuation. Level I – Quoted price in active markets for identical assets and liabilities. Level II – Quoted prices in markets that are not active or inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly. Level II inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities other than quoted in prices in Level I, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level III – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Unobservable inputs reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Level III assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose values are determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation. Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments: Our other financial instruments, aside from investments, are cash and cash equivalents, premiums and agents’ balances receivable, and accrued expenses and accounts payable. The carrying amounts for cash and cash equivalents, premiums and agents’ balances receivable, and accrued expenses and accounts payable approximate their fair value based on their short-term nature. Other invested assets that do not have observable inputs and little or no market activity are carried on a cost basis. The carrying value of these other invested assets was $1,914 at March 31, 2019 and $1,954 at December 31, 2018. Reclassifications: Certain amounts in the 2018 consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the 2019 presentation. Revenue Recognition: We record premiums written at policy inception and recognize them as revenue on a pro rata basis over the policy term or, in the case of crop insurance, over the period of risk. The portion of premiums that could be earned in the future is deferred and reported as unearned premiums. When policies lapse, the Company reverses the unearned portion of the written premium and removes the applicable unearned premium. Policy-related fee income is recognized when collected. The Company uses the direct write-off method for recognizing bad debts. Accounts billed directly to the policyholder are provided grace payment and cancellation notice periods per state insurance regulations. Any earned but uncollected premiums are written off within 90 days after the effective date of policy cancellation. Direct Auto also provides for agency billing for a portion of their agents. Accounts billed to agents are due within 60 days of the statement date. The balances are carried as agents’ balances receivable until it is determined the amount is not collectible from the agent. At that time, the balance is written off as uncollectible. The agent is responsible for all past due balances. As part of its agent appointment, Direct Auto requires a personal guarantee for all balances due to Direct Auto from the principal of the contracted agency. Policy Acquisition Costs: We defer our policy acquisition costs, consisting primarily of commissions, premium taxes and certain other underwriting costs, reduced by ceding commissions, which vary with and relate directly to the production of business. We amortize these deferred policy acquisition costs over the period in which we earn the premiums. The method we follow in computing deferred policy acquisition costs limits the amount of such deferred costs to their estimated realizable value, which gives effect to the premium to be earned, related investment income, losses and loss adjustment expenses, and certain other costs we expect to incur as we earn the premium. Property and Equipment: We report property and equipment at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method based upon the estimated useful lives of the assets. Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses: Liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses are estimates at a given point in time of the amounts we expect to pay with respect to policyholder claims based on facts and circumstances then known. At the time of establishing our estimates, we recognize that our ultimate liability for losses and loss adjustment expenses will exceed or be less than such estimates. We base our estimates of liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses on assumptions as to future loss trends, expected claims severity, judicial theories of liability, and other factors. During the loss adjustment period, we may learn additional facts regarding certain claims, and, consequently, it often becomes necessary for us to refine and adjust our estimates of the liability. We reflect any adjustments to our liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses in our operating results in the period in which we determine the need for a change in the estimates. We maintain liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses with respect to both reported and unreported claims. We establish these liabilities for the purpose of covering the ultimate costs of settling all losses, including investigation and litigation costs. We base the amount of our liability for reported losses primarily upon a case-by-case evaluation of the type of risk involved, knowledge of the circumstances surrounding each claim, and the insurance policy provisions relating to the type of loss our policyholder incurred. We determine the amount of our liability for unreported losses and loss adjustment expenses on the basis of historical information by line of insurance. Inflation is not explicitly selected in the loss reserve analysis. However, historical inflation is embedded in the estimated loss reserving function through analysis of costs and trends and reviews of historical reserving results. We closely monitor our liabilities and update them periodically using new information on reported claims and a variety of statistical techniques. We do not discount our liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expense. Reserve estimates can change over time because of unexpected changes in assumptions related to our external environment and, to a lesser extent, assumptions as to our internal operations. Assumptions related to our external environment include the absence of significant changes in tort law and the legal environment which may impact liability exposure, the trends in judicial interpretations of insurance coverage and policy provisions, and the rate of loss cost inflation. Internal assumptions include consistency in the recording of premium and loss statistics, consistency in the recording of claims, payment and case reserving methodologies, accurate measurement of the impact of rate changes and changes in policy provisions, consistency in the quality and characteristics of business written within a given line of business, and consistency in reinsurance coverage and collectability of reinsured losses, among other items. To the extent we determine that underlying factors impacting our assumptions have changed, we attempt to make appropriate adjustments for such changes in our reserves. Accordingly, our ultimate liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses will likely differ from the amount recorded. Income Taxes: With the exception of Battle Creek, which files a stand-alone federal income tax return, we currently file a consolidated federal income tax return. For the year ended December 31, 2016, the consolidated federal income tax return included Nodak Mutual Insurance Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. For the year ended December 31, 2017 and thereafter, the consolidated federal income tax return included and will include thereafter NI Holdings and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Direct Auto became part of the consolidated federal income tax return as of its acquisition date. The Company reports tax-related interest and penalties, if any, as part of income tax expense in the year such amounts are determinable. We account for deferred income taxes using the asset and liability method. The objective of the asset and liability method is to establish deferred income tax assets and liabilities for the temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the income tax basis of our assets and liabilities at enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when we realize or settle such amounts. Accounting guidance requires that companies re-measure existing deferred income tax assets (including loss carryforwards) and liabilities when a change in tax rate occurs, and record an offset for the net amount of the change as a component of income tax expense from continuing operations in the period of enactment. The guidance also requires any change to a previously recorded valuation allowance as a result of re-measuring existing temporary differences and loss carryforwards to be reflected as a component of income tax expense from continuing operations. The Company has elected to reclassify any tax effects stranded in accumulated other comprehensive income as a result of a change in income tax rates to retained earnings. Credit Risk: Our primary investment objective is to earn competitive returns by investing in a diversified portfolio of securities. Our portfolio of fixed income securities and, to a lesser extent, short-term investments, is subject to credit risk. We define this risk as the potential loss in fair value resulting from adverse changes in the borrower’s ability to repay the debt. We manage this risk by performing an analysis of prospective investments and through regular reviews of our portfolio by our investment staff and advisors. We also limit the amount of our total investment portfolio that we invest in any one security. Property and liability insurance coverages are marketed through captive agents in North Dakota and through independent insurance agencies located throughout all operating areas. All business is billed directly to policyholders. We maintain cash balances primarily at one bank, which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) up to $250. During the normal course of business, balances are maintained above the FDIC insurance limit. The Company maintains short-term investment balances in investment grade money market accounts that are insured by the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (“SIPC”) up to $500. On occasion, balances for these accounts are maintained in excess of the SIPC insurance limit. Reinsurance: The Company limits the maximum net loss that can arise from large risks or risks in concentrated areas of exposure by reinsuring (ceding) certain levels of risks to other insurers or reinsurers, either on an automatic basis under general reinsurance contracts knows as “treaties” or by negotiation on substantial individual risks. Ceded reinsurance is treated as the risk and liability of the assuming companies. Reinsurance contracts do not relieve the Company from its obligations to policyholders. In the event that all or any of the reinsuring companies might be unable to meet their obligations under existing reinsurance agreements, the Company would be liable for such defaulted amounts. Goodwill and Other Intangibles: Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the underlying fair value of acquired entities. When completing acquisitions, we seek also to identify separately identifiable intangible assets that we have acquired. We assess goodwill and intangible assets with an indefinite useful life for impairment annually. We also assess goodwill and other intangible assets for impairment upon the occurrence of certain events. In making our assessment, we consider a number of factors including operating results, business plans, economic projections, anticipated future cash flows, and current market data. Inherent uncertainties exist with respect to these factors and to our judgment in applying them when we make our assessment. Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets could result from changes in economic and operating conditions in future periods. We did not record any impairments of goodwill or other intangible assets during the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. Goodwill arising from the acquisition of Primero in 2014 represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired. The purchase price in excess of the fair value of net assets acquired was negotiated at arms-length with an unrelated party and was based upon the strategic decision by Company management to expand both the geographic footprint and product lines of the Company. The nature of the business acquired was such that there were limited intangible assets not reflected in the net assets acquired. The purchase price was paid with a combination of cash and cancellation of obligations owed to the acquired company by the sellers. The goodwill which arose from this transaction is included in the basis of the net assets acquired and is not deductible for income tax purposes. Intangible assets arising from the acquisition of Direct Auto in 2018 represent the estimated fair values of certain intangible assets, including a favorable lease contract, a state insurance license, the value of the Direct Auto trade name, and the value of business acquired (“VOBA”). The state insurance license asset has an indefinite life, while the favorable lease contract, Direct Auto trade name, and VOBA assets will be amortized over eighteen months, five years, and twelve months, respectively, from the August 31, 2018 valuation date.

Acquisition of Direct Auto Insu

Acquisition of Direct Auto Insurance Company	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Business Combinations [Abstract]
Acquisition of Direct Auto Insurance Company	4. Acquisition of Direct Auto Insurance Company On August 31, 2018, the Company completed the acquisition of 100% of the common stock of Direct Auto from the private shareholders of Direct Auto, and Direct Auto became a consolidated subsidiary of the Company. Direct Auto is a property and casualty insurance company specializing in non-standard automobile insurance in the state of Illinois. The Company realized a $4,578 gain on the purchase of Direct Auto due to the use of applicable purchase accounting guidance (known as a “bargain purchase”). Direct Auto will remain headquartered in Chicago, Illinois and the current president (who was also one of the principal shareholders) of Direct Auto will continue to manage the Direct Auto insurance operations along with the current staff and management team. The results of Direct Auto are included as part of the Company’s non-standard auto business segment following the closing date. We account for business acquisitions in accordance with the acquisition method of accounting, which requires, among other things, that most assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and contingent consideration be recognized at their fair values as of the acquisition date, which is the closing date for the Direct Auto transaction. During the measurement period, adjustments to provisional purchase price allocations are recognized if new information is obtained about the facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have resulted in the recognition of those assets and liabilities as of that date. The measurement period ends as soon as it is determined that no more information is obtainable, but in no case shall the measurement period exceed one year from the acquisition date. The Company does not expect any adjustments during this period. The acquired Direct Auto business contributed revenues of $12,573 and net income of $4,134 to the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The following unaudited pro forma summary presents consolidated information of the Company as if the business combination had occurred on January 1, 2017: Pro forma Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Revenues $ 60,572 $ 48,666 Net income attributable to NI Holdings, Inc. 13,848 6,876 Basic earnings per share attributable to NI Holdings, Inc. 0.62 0.31 The Company did not reflect any material, nonrecurring pro forma adjustments directly attributable to the business combination in the above pro forma revenue and earnings. These pro forma amounts have been calculated after applying the Company’s accounting policies and adjusting the results of Direct Auto to reflect the deferral and amortization of policy acquisition costs and the additional amortization that would have been charged assuming the fair value adjustments to intangible assets had been applied from January 1, 2017, with the related income tax effects. In 2018, the Company incurred $118 of acquisition-related costs. These expenses did not impact the pro forma amounts presented above. The Company paid $17,000 in cash consideration to the private shareholders of Direct Auto. The acquisition of Direct Auto did not include any contingent consideration. The following table summarizes the consideration transferred to acquire Direct Auto and the amounts of identified assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date: Fair Value of Consideration: Total cash consideration transferred $ 17,000 Recognized Amounts of Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed: Identifiable net assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 44,485 Fixed income securities, at fair value 11,414 Equity securities, at fair value 14,634 Premiums and agents' balances receivable 5,849 Accrued investment income 63 Property and equipment 31 Favorable lease contract (included in goodwill and other intangibles) 20 License (included in goodwill and other intangibles) 100 Trade name (included in goodwill and other intangibles) 248 Value of business acquired (included in goodwill and other intangibles) 5,134 Other assets 107 Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses (40,967 ) Unearned premiums (15,955 ) Federal income tax payable (1,486 ) Deferred income taxes, net (1,442 ) Accrued expenses and other liabilities (657 ) Total identifiable net assets $ 21,578 Gain on bargain purchase $ 4,578 The fair value of the assets acquired includes premiums and agents’ balances receivable of $5,849. This is the gross amount due from policyholders and agents, none of which is anticipated to be uncollectible. The Company did not acquire any other material class of receivable as a result of the acquisition of Direct Auto. We have completed our final analysis of the assets and liabilities acquired and assigned fair values to the acquired intangibles consisting of favorable lease contract, state insurance license, Direct Auto trade name, and VOBA intangible assets of $20, $100, $248, and $5,134, respectively. The state insurance license has an indefinite life, while the other intangible assets will be amortized over useful lives of up to five years. The gain realized on bargain purchase of $4,578 from the Direct Auto acquisition is included in fee and other income in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations during the three months ended September 30, 2018.

Recent Accounting Pronouncement

Recent Accounting Pronouncements	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Summary of Recent Accounting Pronouncements	5. Recent Accounting Pronouncements As an emerging growth company, we have elected to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. The following discussion includes effective dates for both public business entities and emerging growth companies, as well as whether specific guidance may be adopted early. Adopted On July 1, 2017, the Company early adopted amended guidance from the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) on goodwill impairment testing. Under the amended guidance, the optional qualitative assessment (Step 0) and the first step of the quantitative assessment (Step 1) remain unchanged. Step 2 is eliminated. As a result, for annual impairment testing or in the event a test is required prior to the annual test, the Company will use Step 0 to determine if an impairment might exist and Step 1 to determine the amount of goodwill impairment. An impairment loss will be recognized for the amount by which the reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill in the reporting unit. This guidance is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019 for public business entities. For private companies and emerging growth companies, this guidance is also effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2021. Early adoption is permitted for all entities beginning in 2017. The Company early adopted this guidance during the year ended December 31, 2017 on a prospective basis as a change in accounting principle, therefore at the date of adoption there was no impact to the Company’s financial position or results of operations. In March 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance to simplify several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. All excess income tax benefits and income tax deficiencies should be recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the Consolidated Statement of Operations, instead of affecting additional paid-in-capital on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. These discrete income tax items should be classified along with other income tax cash flows as an operating activity on the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. In addition, cash paid by an employer when directly withholding shares for tax-withholding purposes should be classified as a financing activity. This guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016 for public business entities. For private companies and emerging growth companies, this guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted for all entities in any period. An entity that elects early adoption must adopt all amendments in the same period. Amendments requiring recognition of excess income tax benefits and income tax deficiencies in the Consolidated Statement of Operations should be applied prospectively. The Company early adopted this guidance on a prospective basis for the year ended December 31, 2017. At the date of adoption, there was an immaterial impact to the computation of diluted earnings per share, but no impact to the Company’s financial position or results of operations. In February 2018, the FASB issued new guidance to provide companies the option to reclassify income tax effects that are stranded in accumulated other comprehensive income as a result of income tax reform to retained earnings. This guidance is effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for reporting periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. In the period of adoption, an entity would be able to choose whether to apply the amendments retrospectively or in the period of adoption. The Company elected to early adopt this guidance on a prospective basis, resulting in a $2,717 reclassification of stranded income tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings within the Equity section of the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2017. There was no impact to the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. In January 2019, the Company adopted amended guidance from the FASB that generally requires entities to measure equity securities at fair value and recognize changes in fair value in their results of operations. The FASB issued other impairment, disclosure, and presentation improvements related to financial instruments within the guidance. Effective January 1, 2019, we applied this guidance, which resulted in a cumulative-effect reclassification of after-tax unrealized net capital gains aggregating $8,184, from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. This reclassification has no impact to the Company’s results of operations at the date of adoption. The after-tax change in accounting for equity securities did not affect the Company’s equity; however, the unrealized net capital gains reclassified at the transition date to retained earnings will never be recognized in net income. Prior year financial statements were not restated. Going forward, the accounting used for equity securities will record the market fluctuations attributed to equity securities through our results of operations rather than as a component of Other Comprehensive Income, which will add a level of volatility to our net income. Not Yet Adopted In May 2014, the FASB issued guidance that establishes the manner in which an entity recognizes the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. While the guidance will replace most existing GAAP revenue recognition guidance, the scope of the guidance excludes insurance contracts. The Company has reviewed its sources of revenues, and has determined that no material revenues are derived from non-insurance contracts and thus subject to the new revenue recognition guidance. This guidance is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 for public business entities. For private companies and emerging growth companies, this guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for all entities. We currently believe that this guidance will have no impact on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows when we adopt this guidance for the year ended December 31, 2019. In February 2016, the FASB issued new guidance that requires lessees to recognize leases, including operating leases, on the lessee’s Consolidated Balance Sheet, unless a lease is considered a short-term lease. The new guidance also requires entities to make new judgments to identify leases. In July 2018, the FASB issued additional guidance to allow an optional transition method. An entity may apply the new leases guidance at the beginning of the earliest period presented in the financial statements, or at the adoption date and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of cumulative adoption. The new guidance, which replaces the current lease guidance, is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 for public business entities. For private companies and emerging growth companies, this guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted for all entities. We do not expect the adoption of this new guidance to have a significant impact on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. In June 2016, the FASB issued a new standard that will require timelier recording of credit losses on loans and other financial instruments held by financial institutions and other organizations. The guidance will require the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better form their credit loss estimates. Many of the loss estimation techniques applied today will still be permitted, although the inputs to those techniques will change to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses. Organizations will continue to use judgment to determine which loss estimation method is appropriate for their circumstances. Additionally, the guidance requires enhanced disclosures to help investors and other financial statement users better understand significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of an organization’s portfolio. These disclosures include qualitative and quantitative requirements that provide additional information about the amounts recorded in the financial statements. Finally, the guidance amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale fixed income securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. The guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019 for public business entities which are SEC filers. For private companies and emerging growth companies, this guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. Early adoption is permitted for all entities as of the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are evaluating the impact this new guidance will have on our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. In August 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance that addresses diversity in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. The amendments provide clarity on the treatment of eight specifically defined types of cash inflows and outflows. For private companies and emerging growth companies, this guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 using a retrospective transition method to each period presented or prospectively if adoption of an issue is impracticable. The adoption of this amended guidance will have no effect on our financial position or results of operations. We do not expect this amended guidance to have a significant impact on our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. In November 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance on the presentation of restricted cash in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. Entities will be required to explain the changes during a reporting period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. For private companies and emerging growth companies, this guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for all entities, including adoption in an interim period. If an entity early adopts the amendments in an interim period, any adjustments should be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. The amendments are to be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. The adoption of this amended guidance will have no effect on our financial position or results of operations. We do not expect this amended guidance to have a significant impact on our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. In March 2017, the FASB issued amended guidance to shorten the amortization period of premiums on certain purchased callable fixed income securities to the earliest call date. The amended guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. For private companies and emerging growth companies, this amended guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. If an entity early adopts the amendments in an interim period, any adjustments should be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. An entity should apply the amendments on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. We are evaluating the requirements of this guidance and the potential impact to our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. In August 2018, the FASB issued modified disclosure requirements relating to the fair value of assets and liabilities. The amended requirements are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect these modified requirements will have a material impact on our financial disclosures.

Investments

Investments	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Marketable Securities [Abstract]
Investments	6. Investments The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, were as follows: March 31, 2019 Cost or Amortized Gross Unrealized Gross Unrealized Fair Value Fixed income securities: U.S. Government and agencies $ 16,857 $ 216 $ (44 ) $ 17,029 Obligations of states and political subdivisions 55,258 924 (211 ) 55,971 Corporate securities 96,096 1,198 (270 ) 97,024 Residential mortgage-backed securities 49,923 371 (273 ) 50,021 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 19,359 268 (141 ) 19,486 Asset-backed securities 21,465 54 (226 ) 21,293 Total fixed income securities 258,958 3,031 (1,165 ) 260,824 Equity securities: Basic materials 1,497 53 (64 ) 1,486 Communications 4,319 2,230 (353 ) 6,196 Consumer, cyclical 5,655 3,532 (144 ) 9,043 Consumer, non-cyclical 10,094 5,506 (506 ) 15,094 Energy 1,692 52 (127 ) 1,617 Financial 4,873 247 (366 ) 4,754 Industrial 4,442 3,341 (62 ) 7,721 Technology 6,875 4,671 (351 ) 11,195 Total equity securities 39,447 19,632 (1,973 ) 57,106 Total investments $ 298,405 $ 22,663 $ (3,138 ) $ 317,930 December 31, 2018 Cost or Amortized Gross Unrealized Gross Unrealized Fair Value Fixed income securities: U.S. Government and agencies $ 19,183 $ 158 $ (133 ) $ 19,208 Obligations of states and political subdivisions 52,782 475 (559 ) 52,698 Corporate securities 95,290 265 (1,413 ) 94,142 Residential mortgage-backed securities 50,902 110 (729 ) 50,283 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 19,520 65 (270 ) 19,315 Asset-backed securities 19,617 4 (298 ) 19,323 Total fixed income securities 257,294 1,077 (3,402 ) 254,969 Equity securities: Basic materials 1,527 — (187 ) 1,340 Communications 4,076 1,296 (424 ) 4,948 Consumer, cyclical 5,128 2,650 (167 ) 7,611 Consumer, non-cyclical 9,356 3,929 (916 ) 12,369 Energy 1,622 8 (289 ) 1,341 Financial 4,856 121 (549 ) 4,428 Industrial 4,537 2,529 (368 ) 6,698 Technology 7,037 3,647 (921 ) 9,763 Total equity securities 38,139 14,180 (3,821 ) 48,498 Total investments $ 295,433 $ 15,257 $ (7,223 ) $ 303,467 The amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed income securities by contractual maturity are shown below. Actual maturities could differ from contractual maturities because issuers of the securities may have the right to call or prepay certain obligations, which may or may not include call or prepayment penalties. March 31, 2019 Amortized Cost Fair Value Due to mature: One year or less $ 13,304 $ 13,322 After one year through five years 96,223 97,197 After five years through ten years 50,610 51,302 After ten years 8,074 8,203 Mortgage / asset-backed securities 90,747 90,800 Total fixed income securities $ 258,958 $ 260,824 December 31, 2018 Amortized Cost Fair Value Due to mature: One year or less $ 12,490 $ 12,463 After one year through five years 96,900 96,614 After five years through ten years 52,128 51,351 After ten years 5,737 5,620 Mortgage / asset-backed securities 90,039 88,921 Total fixed income securities $ 257,294 $ 254,969 Fixed income securities with a fair value of $4,954 at March 31, 2019 and $4,900 at December 31, 2018, were deposited with various state regulatory agencies as required by law. The Company has not pledged any assets to secure any obligations. The investment category and duration of the Company’s gross unrealized losses on fixed income securities and equity securities were as follows: March 31, 2019 Less than 12 Months Greater than 12 months Total Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fixed income securities: U.S. Government and agencies $ 450 $ (4 ) $ 3,631 $ (40 ) $ 4,081 $ (44 ) Obligations of states and political subdivisions 4,796 (84 ) 6,368 (127 ) 11,164 (211 ) Corporate securities 1,848 (7 ) 34,892 (263 ) 36,740 (270 ) Residential mortgage-backed securities 314 (1 ) 19,401 (272 ) 19,715 (273 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 2,298 (16 ) 5,316 (125 ) 7,614 (141 ) Asset-backed securities 4,849 (151 ) 9,435 (75 ) 14,284 (226 ) Total fixed income securities 14,555 (263 ) 79,043 (902 ) 93,598 (1,165 ) Equity securities: Basic materials 1,147 (64 ) — — 1,147 (64 ) Communications 1,927 (299 ) 159 (54 ) 2,086 (353 ) Consumer, cyclical 1,274 (144 ) — — 1,274 (144 ) Consumer, non-cyclical 3,348 (506 ) — — 3,348 (506 ) Energy 896 (127 ) — — 896 (127 ) Financial 2,496 (321 ) 294 (45 ) 2,790 (366 ) Industrial 1,404 (62 ) — — 1,404 (62 ) Technology 2,328 (351 ) — — 2,328 (351 ) Total equity securities 14,820 (1,874 ) 453 (99 ) 15,273 (1,973 ) Total investments $ 29,375 $ (2,137 ) $ 79,496 $ (1,001 ) $ 108,871 $ (3,138 ) December 31, 2018 Less than 12 Months Greater than 12 months Total Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fixed income securities: U.S. Government and agencies $ 2,593 $ (3 ) $ 7,523 $ (130 ) $ 10,116 $ (133 ) Obligations of states and political subdivisions 8,467 (119 ) 18,218 (440 ) 26,685 (559 ) Corporate securities 24,793 (266 ) 45,033 (1,147 ) 69,826 (1,413 ) Residential mortgage-backed securities 10,325 (62 ) 26,459 (667 ) 36,784 (729 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 5,980 (55 ) 7,117 (215 ) 13,097 (270 ) Asset-backed securities 7,908 (183 ) 10,276 (115 ) 18,184 (298 ) Total fixed income securities 60,066 (688 ) 114,626 (2,714 ) 174,692 (3,402 ) Equity securities: Basic materials 1,340 (187 ) — — 1,340 (187 ) Communications 2,001 (378 ) 167 (46 ) 2,168 (424 ) Consumer, cyclical 1,237 (167 ) — — 1,237 (167 ) Consumer, non-cyclical 4,781 (899 ) 316 (17 ) 5,097 (916 ) Energy 1,041 (289 ) — — 1,041 (289 ) Financial 3,722 (549 ) — — 3,722 (549 ) Industrial 2,281 (368 ) — — 2,281 (368 ) Technology 3,212 (833 ) 123 (88 ) 3,335 (921 ) Total equity securities 19,615 (3,670 ) 606 (151 ) 20,221 (3,821 ) Total investments $ 79,681 $ (4,358 ) $ 115,232 $ (2,865 ) $ 194,913 $ (7,223 ) Investments with unrealized losses are categorized with a duration of greater than 12 months when all positions of a security have continually been in a loss position for at least 12 months. We frequently review our investment portfolio for declines in fair value. Our process for identifying declines in the fair value of investments that are other than temporary involves consideration of several factors. These factors include (i) the time period in which there has been a significant decline in value, (ii) an analysis of the liquidity, business prospects, and overall financial condition of the issuer, (iii) the significance of the decline, and (iv) our intent and ability to hold the investment for a sufficient period of time for the value to recover. When our analysis of the above factors results in the conclusion that declines in fair values are other than temporary, the cost of the securities is written down to fair value and the previously unrealized loss is therefore reflected as a realized capital loss on investment. The Company recorded no impairments during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. As of March 31, 2019, we held 192 fixed income securities with unrealized losses. As of December 31, 2018, we held 317 fixed income securities with unrealized losses. In conjunction with our outside investment advisors, we analyzed the credit ratings of the securities as well as the historical monthly amortized cost to fair value ratio of securities in an unrealized loss position. This analysis yielded no fixed income securities which had fair values less than 80% of amortized cost for the preceding 12-month period. Net investment income consisted of the following: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Fixed income securities $ 1,976 $ 1,599 Equity securities 224 229 Real estate 91 91 Cash and cash equivalents 17 19 Total gross investment income 2,308 1,938 Investment expenses 565 569 Net investment income $ 1,743 $ 1,369 Net capital gain on investments consisted of the following: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Gross realized gains: Fixed income securities $ 3 $ 12 Equity securities 698 578 Total gross realized gains 701 590 Gross realized losses, excluding other-than-temporary impairment losses: Fixed income securities (30 ) (49 ) Equity securities (112 ) (72 ) Total gross realized losses, excluding other-than-temporary impairment losses (142 ) (121 ) Net realized gain on investments 559 469 Change in net unrealized gain on equity securities 7,300 — Net capital gain on investments $ 7,859 $ 469 Effective January 1, 2019, the market fluctuations attributed to equity securities are included in the Company’s results of operations. Prior to the adoption of this accounting pronouncement, net unrealized gains and losses on equity securities were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income. The after-tax amount of unrealized gains on equity securities, aggregating $8,184 as of December 31, 2018, was reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings as of January 1, 2019.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Investments, All Other Investments [Abstract]
Fair Value Measurements	7. Fair Value Measurements We maximize the use of observable inputs in our valuation techniques and apply unobservable inputs only to the extent that observable inputs are unavailable. The largest class of assets and liabilities carried at fair value by the Company at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were fixed income securities. Prices provided by independent pricing services and independent broker quotes can vary widely, even for the same security. Our available-for-sale investments are comprised of a variety of different securities, which are classified into levels based on the valuation technique and inputs used in their valuation. The valuation of cash equivalents and equity securities are generally based on Level I inputs, which use the market approach valuation technique. The valuation of fixed income securities generally incorporates significant Level II inputs using the market and income approach techniques. We may assign a lower level to inputs typically considered to be Level II based on our assessment of liquidity and relative level of uncertainty surrounding inputs. There were no assets or liabilities classified as Level III at March 31, 2019 or December 31, 2018. The following tables set forth our assets which are measured on a recurring basis by the level within the fair value hierarchy in which fair value measurements fall: March 31, 2019 Total Level I Level II Level III Fixed income securities: U.S. Government and agencies $ 17,029 $ — $ 17,029 $ — Obligations of states and political subdivisions 55,971 — 55,971 — Corporate securities 97,024 — 97,024 — Residential mortgage-backed securities 50,021 — 50,021 — Commercial mortgage-backed securities 19,486 — 19,486 — Asset-backed securities 21,293 — 21,293 — Total fixed income securities 260,824 — 260,824 — Equity securities: Basic materials 1,486 1,486 — — Communications 6,196 6,196 — — Consumer, cyclical 9,043 9,043 — — Consumer, non-cyclical 15,094 15,094 — — Energy 1,617 1,617 — — Financial 4,754 4,754 — — Industrial 7,721 7,721 — — Technology 11,195 11,195 — — Total equity securities 57,106 57,106 — — Cash and cash equivalents 70,127 70,127 — — Total assets at fair value $ 388,057 $ 127,233 $ 260,824 $ — December 31, 2018 Total Level I Level II Level III Fixed income securities: U.S. Government and agencies $ 19,208 $ — $ 19,208 $ — Obligations of states and political subdivisions 52,698 — 52,698 — Corporate securities 94,142 — 94,142 — Residential mortgage-backed securities 50,283 — 50,283 — Commercial mortgage-backed securities 19,315 — 19,315 — Asset-backed securities 19,323 — 19,323 — Total fixed income securities 254,969 — 254,969 — Equity securities: Basic materials 1,340 1,340 — — Communications 4,948 4,948 — — Consumer, cyclical 7,611 7,611 — — Consumer, non-cyclical 12,369 12,369 — — Energy 1,341 1,341 — — Financial 4,428 4,428 — — Industrial 6,698 6,698 — — Technology 9,763 9,763 — — Total equity securities 48,498 48,498 — — Cash and cash equivalents 68,950 68,950 — — Total assets at fair value $ 372,417 $ 117,448 $ 254,969 $ — There were no liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2019 or December 31, 2018.

Reinsurance

Reinsurance	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Reinsurance Disclosures [Abstract]
Reinsurance	8. Reinsurance The Company will assume and cede certain premiums and losses to and from various companies and associations under various reinsurance agreements. The Company seeks to limit the maximum net loss that can arise from large risks or risks in concentrated areas of exposure through use of these agreements, either on an automatic basis under general reinsurance contracts known as treaties or by negotiation on substantial individual risks. Reinsurance contracts do not relieve the Company from its obligation to policyholders. Additionally, failure of reinsurers to honor their obligations could result in significant losses to us. There can be no assurance that reinsurance will continue to be available to us at the same extent, and at the same cost, as it has in the past. The Company may choose in the future to reevaluate the use of reinsurance to increase or decrease the amounts of risk ceded to reinsurers. As a group, during the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company retained the first $10,000 of weather-related losses from catastrophic events and had reinsurance under various reinsurance agreements up to $78,600 in excess of its $10,000 retained risk. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the catastrophic retention amount was $10,000 while the catastrophic reinsurance was $74,600. Prior to January 1, 2017, the group collectively retained the first $5,000 of weather-related losses. The Company actively monitors and evaluates the financial condition of the reinsurers and develops estimates of the uncollectible amounts due from reinsurers. Such estimates are made based on periodic evaluation of balances due from reinsurers, judgments regarding reinsurers’ solvency, known disputes, reporting characteristics of the underlying reinsured business, historical experience, current economic conditions, and the state of reinsurer relations in general. Collection risk is mitigated from reinsurers by entering into reinsurance arrangements only with reinsurers that have strong credit ratings and statutory surplus above certain levels. The Company’s largest reinsurance recoverables on paid and unpaid losses were due from reinsurance companies with A.M. Best ratings of “A-” or higher, except for one reinsurer with a rating downgraded to “B++” during 2018, with a receivable of $284 at March 31, 2019. This reinsurer was replaced during 2018, primarily due to the downgrade. A reconciliation of direct to net premiums on both a written and an earned basis is as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Premiums Written Premiums Earned Direct premium $ 55,653 $ 52,253 Assumed premium 1,029 1,026 Ceded premium (2,773 ) (2,773 ) Net premiums $ 53,909 $ 50,506 Percentage of assumed earned premium to net earned premium 2.0% Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 Premiums Written Premiums Earned Direct premium $ 39,274 $ 37,192 Assumed premium 1,283 1,239 Ceded premium (2,319 ) (2,319 ) Net premiums $ 38,238 $ 36,112 Percentage of assumed earned premium to net earned premium 3.4% A reconciliation of direct to net losses and loss adjustment expenses is as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Direct losses and loss adjustment expenses $ 26,631 $ 18,637 Assumed losses and loss adjustment expenses 443 589 Ceded losses and loss adjustment expenses (840 ) (377 ) Net losses and loss adjustment expenses $ 26,234 $ 18,849 If 100% of our ceded reinsurance was cancelled as of March 31, 2019 or December 31, 2018, no ceded commissions would need to be returned to the reinsurers. Reinsurance contracts are typically effective from January 1 through December 31 each year.

Deferred Policy Acquisition Cos

Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs Disclosures [Abstract]
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs	9. Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs Activity with regards to our deferred policy acquisition costs was as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Balance, beginning of period $ 12,866 $ 8,859 Deferral of policy acquisition costs 11,147 7,160 Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs (9,222 ) (7,039 ) Balance, end of period $ 14,791 $ 8,980

Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustme

Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense, Activity in Liability [Abstract]
Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses	10. Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses Activity in the liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses is summarized as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Balance at beginning of period: Liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses $ 87,121 $ 45,890 Reinsurance recoverables on losses 2,232 4,128 Net balance at beginning of period 84,889 41,762 Incurred related to: Current year 31,203 18,773 Prior years (4,969 ) 76 Total incurred 26,234 18,849 Paid related to: Current year 11,064 8,740 Prior years 17,642 11,138 Total paid 28,706 19,878 Balance at end of period: Liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses 85,560 43,863 Reinsurance recoverables on losses 3,143 3,130 Net balance at end of period $ 82,417 $ 40,733 The prior years’ provision for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses decreased by $4,969 during the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to an increase of $76 during the three months ended March 31, 2018. Increases and decreases are generally the result of ongoing analysis of loss development trends. As additional information becomes known regarding individual claims, original estimates are increased or decreased accordingly. The decrease for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was primarily attributable to continued favorable development of the Direct Auto book of business.

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Property and Equipment	11. Property and Equipment Property and equipment consisted of the following: March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Estimated Useful Life Cost: Real estate $ 12,099 $ 11,911 10 - 31 years Electronic data processing equipment 1,344 1,286 5-7 years Furniture and fixtures 2,829 2,829 5-7 years Automobiles 1,702 1,596 2-3 years Gross cost 17,974 17,622 Accumulated depreciation (10,731 ) (10,643 ) Total property and equipment, net $ 7,243 $ 6,979 Depreciation expense was $142 and $139 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Related Party Transactions	12. Related Party Transactions We were organized by the NDFB to provide insurance protection for its members. We have a royalty agreement with the NDFB that recognizes the use of their trademark and provides royalties to the NDFB based on the premiums written on Nodak Insurance’s insurance policies. Royalties paid to the NDFB were $324 and $307 during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Royalty amounts payable of $125 and $108 were accrued as a liability to the NDFB at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. State insurance laws require our insurance subsidiaries to maintain certain minimum capital and surplus amounts on a statutory basis. Our insurance subsidiaries are subject to regulations that restrict the payment of dividends from statutory surplus and may require prior approval from their domiciliary insurance regulatory authorities. Our insurance subsidiaries are also subject to risk-based capital (“RBC”) requirements that may further affect their ability to pay dividends. Our insurance subsidiaries statutory capital and surplus at December 31, 2018 exceeded the amount of statutory capital and surplus necessary to satisfy regulatory requirements, including the RBC requirements, by a significant margin. The amount available for payment of dividends from Nodak Insurance to NI Holdings during 2019 without the prior approval of the North Dakota Insurance Department is $17,588 based upon the policyholders’ surplus of Nodak Insurance at December 31, 2018. Prior to its payment of any extraordinary dividend, Nodak Insurance will be required to provide notice of the dividend to the North Dakota Insurance Department. This notice must be provided to the North Dakota Insurance Department 30 days prior to the payment of an extraordinary dividend and 10 days prior to the payment of an ordinary dividend. The North Dakota Insurance Department has the power to limit or prohibit dividend payments if Nodak Insurance is in violation of any law or regulation. These restrictions or any subsequently imposed restrictions may affect our future liquidity. No dividends were declared or paid by Nodak Insurance during the three months ended March 31, 2019 or the year ended December 31, 2018. The amount available for payment of dividends from Direct Auto to NI Holdings during 2019 without the prior approval of the Illinois Department of Insurance is $6,653 based upon the statutory net income of Direct Auto for the year ended December 31, 2018. Prior to its payment of any dividend, Direct Auto will be required to provide notice of the dividend to the Illinois Department of Insurance. This notice must be provided to the Illinois Department of Insurance within five business days following declaration of any dividend and no less than 30 days prior to the payment of an extraordinary dividend or 10 days prior to the payment of an ordinary dividend. The Illinois Department of Insurance has the power to limit or prohibit dividend payments if Direct Auto is in violation of any law or regulation. These restrictions or any subsequently imposed restrictions may affect our future liquidity. No dividends were declared or paid by Direct Auto during the three months ended March 31, 2019 or the year ended December 31, 2018. The following table illustrates the impact of including Battle Creek in our Consolidated Balance Sheets prior to intercompany eliminations: March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Assets: Cash and cash equivalents (overdraft) $ 1,445 $ (818 ) Investments 4,338 4,304 Premiums and agents’ balances receivable 4,624 4,479 Reinsurance recoverables on losses (1) 23,233 21,117 Accrued investment income 30 31 Deferred income tax asset, net 391 414 Property and equipment 358 356 Other assets 42 48 Total assets $ 34,461 $ 29,931 Liabilities: Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses $ 8,362 $ 6,579 Unearned premiums 14,871 14,538 Notes payable (1) 3,000 3,000 Reinsurance premiums payable (1) 3,953 972 Accrued expenses and other liabilities 931 1,579 Total liabilities 31,117 26,668 Equity: Non-controlling interest 3,344 3,263 Total equity 3,344 3,263 Total liabilities and equity $ 34,461 $ 29,931 (1) Amount eliminated in consolidation. Total statutory revenues of Battle Creek, after intercompany eliminations, which is limited to net investment income and other income, were $31 and $38, respectively, during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. There were no statutory-basis expenses reported, after intercompany eliminations, during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

Benefit Plans

Benefit Plans	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Compensation Related Costs [Abstract]
Benefit Plans	13. Benefit Plans The Company sponsors a money-purchase plan that covers all eligible employees. Plan costs are funded annually as they are earned. The Company’s contribution expense for the money-purchase plan totaled $199 and $197 during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company also sponsors a 401(k) plan with an automatic contribution to all eligible employees and a matching contribution for eligible employees of 50% up to 3% of eligible compensation. The Company’s contributions expense to the 401(k) plan totaled $139 and $140 during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. All fees associated with both plans are deducted from the eligible employee accounts. Deferred Compensation Plan The Board of Directors has authorized a non-qualified deferred compensation plan covering key executives of the Company as designated by the Board of Directors. The Company’s policy is to fund the plan in a given calendar year by amounts that exceed the maximum contribution allowed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”). The Company’s expenses included $13 and $13 during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Employee Stock Ownership Plan The Company has established an Employee Stock Ownership Plan (the “ESOP”). The ESOP is intended to be an employee stock ownership plan within the meaning of Internal Revenue Code Section 4975(e)(7) and will invest primarily in common stock of the Company. In connection with our initial public offering in March 2017, Nodak Insurance loaned $2,400 to the ESOP’s related trust (the “ESOP Trust”). The ESOP loan will be for a period of ten years and bears interest at the long-term Applicable Federal Rate effective on the closing date of the offering (2.79% annually). The ESOP Trust used the proceeds of the loan to purchase shares in our initial public offering, which results in the ESOP Trust owning approximately 1.0% of the Company’s authorized shares. The ESOP has purchased the shares for investment and not for resale. The shares purchased by the ESOP Trust in the offering are held in a suspense account as collateral for the ESOP loan. The shares held in the ESOP’s suspense account are not considered outstanding for earnings per share purposes. Nodak Insurance will make semi-annual cash contributions to the ESOP in amounts no smaller than the amounts required for the ESOP Trust to make its loan payments to Nodak Insurance. While the ESOP makes two loan payments per year, a pre-determined portion of the shares will be released from the suspense account and allocated to participant accounts at the end of the calendar year. This release and allocation will occur on an annual basis over the ten-year term of the ESOP loan. Nodak Insurance will have a lien on the shares of common stock of the Company held by the ESOP to secure repayment of the loan from the ESOP to Nodak Insurance. If the ESOP is terminated as a result of a change in control of the Company, the ESOP may be required to pay the costs of terminating the plan. It is anticipated that the only assets held by the ESOP will be shares of the Company’s common stock. Participants in the ESOP cannot direct the investment of any assets allocated to their accounts. The initial ESOP participants are employees of Nodak Insurance. The employees of Primero and Direct Auto will not participate in the ESOP. American West and Battle Creek have no employees. Each employee of Nodak Insurance will automatically become a participant in the ESOP if such employee is at least 21 years old, has completed a minimum of one thousand hours of service with Nodak Insurance, and has completed an Eligibility Computation Period. Employees are not permitted to make any contributions to the ESOP. Participants in the ESOP will receive annual reports from the Company showing the number of shares of common stock of the Company allocated to the participant’s account and the market value of those shares. The shares are allocated to participants based on compensation as provided for in the ESOP. In connection with the initial public offering, the Company created a contra-equity account on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet equal to the ESOP’s basis in the shares. The basis of those shares was set at $10.00 per share as part of the initial public offering. As shares are released from the ESOP suspense account, the contra-equity account will be credited, which shall reduce the impact of the contra-equity account on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Company shall record a compensation expense related to the shares released, which compensation expense is equal to the number of shares released from the suspense account multiplied by the average market value of the Company’s stock during the period. The Company recognized compensation expense of $94 and $103 during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Through March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, 48,630 ESOP shares had been released and allocated to participants, with a remainder of 191,370 ESOP shares in suspense at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Using the Company’s quarter-end market price of $16.00 per share, the fair value of the unearned ESOP shares was $3,062 at March 31, 2019.

Line of Credit

Line of Credit	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Line of Credit	14. Line of Credit Nodak Insurance has a $5,000 line of credit with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., of which there were no outstanding amounts as of March 31, 2019 or December 31, 2018. This line of credit is scheduled to expire on December 31, 2019.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	15. Income Taxes At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had no unrecognized tax benefits, no accrued interest and penalties, and no significant uncertain tax positions. No interest and penalties were recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2019 or 2018. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company, other than Battle Creek, had no income tax related carryovers for net operating losses, alternative minimum tax credits, or capital losses. Battle Creek, which files its income tax returns on a stand-alone basis, had $4,786 of net operating loss carryover at December 31, 2018. The net operating loss carryforward expires beginning in 2021 through 2030.

Operating Leases

Operating Leases	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Leases, Operating [Abstract]
Operating Leases	16. Operating Leases Our Primero subsidiary leases a facility in Spearfish, South Dakota under a non-cancellable operating lease expiring in 2023. Our Direct Auto subsidiary leases a facility in Chicago, Illinois under a non-cancellable operating lease expiring in 2020. There were expenses of $75 and $15 related to these leases during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of March 31, 2019, we have minimum future commitments under non-cancellable leases as follows: Year ending December 31, Estimated Future 2019 301 2020 121 2021 60 2022 60 2023 30 We also sub-lease portions of our home office building under non-cancellable operating leases.

Contingencies

Contingencies	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Contingencies	17. Contingencies We have been named as a defendant in various lawsuits relating to our insurance operations. Contingent liabilities arising from litigation, income taxes and other matters are not considered to be material to our financial position. The Company does not have any unrecorded or potential contingent liabilities or material commitments requiring the use of assets as of March 31, 2019 or December 31, 2018.

Common Stock

Common Stock	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Equity [Abstract]
Common Stock	18. Common Stock Changes in the number of common stock shares outstanding are as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Shares outstanding, beginning of period 22,192,894 22,337,644 Treasury shares repurchased through stock repurchase authorization (100 ) — Issuance of treasury shares for vesting of restricted stock units 16,705 15,200 Shares outstanding, end of period 22,209,499 22,352,844 On February 28, 2018, our Board of Directors approved an authorization for the repurchase of up to approximately $10 million of the Company’s outstanding common stock. We completed the repurchase of 191,265 shares of our common stock for $2,966 during 2018, and an additional 100 shares for $2 during the three months ended March 31, 2019. The cost of this treasury stock is a reduction of Equity within our Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Stock Based Compensation

Stock Based Compensation	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Stock Based Compensation	19. Stock Based Compensation At its 2017 Annual Shareholders’ Meeting, the NI Holdings, Inc. 2017 Stock and Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) was approved by shareholders. The purpose of the Plan is to promote the interests of the Company and its shareholders by aiding the Company in attracting and retaining employees, officers, consultants, advisors, and non-employee directors capable of assuring the future success of the Company, to offer such persons incentives to put forth maximum efforts for the success of the Company’s business, to compensate such persons through various stock and cash-based arrangements, and to provide them with opportunities for stock ownership in the Company, thereby aligning the interests of such persons with the Company’s shareholders. The Plan provides for the grant of nonqualified stock options, incentive stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), stock appreciation rights, dividend equivalents, and performance share units (“PSUs”) to employees, officers, consultants, advisors, non-employee directors, and independent contractors designated by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors (the “Compensation Committee”). Awards made under the Plan are based upon, among other things, a participant’s level of responsibility and performance within the Company. The total aggregate number of shares of common stock that awards may be issued under all awards made under the Plan shall not exceed 500,000 shares of common stock, subject to adjustments as provided in the Plan. No eligible participant may be granted more than 100,000 shares from any stock options, stock appreciation rights, or performance awards denominated in shares, in the aggregate in any calendar year, subject to adjustment in accordance with the Plan. The aggregate amount payable pursuant to all performance awards denominated in cash to any eligible person in any calendar year is limited to $1,000 in value. Directors who are not also employees of the Company may not be granted awards denominated in shares that exceed $100 in any calendar year. Restricted Stock Units The Compensation Committee has awarded RSUs to non-employee directors and select executives. RSUs are promises to issue actual shares of common stock at the end of a vesting period. The RSUs granted to executives under the Plan were based on salary and generally vest 20% per year over a five-year period, while RSUs granted to non-employee directors vest 100% on the date of the next annual meeting of shareholders following the grant date. Dividend equivalents on RSUs are accrued during the vesting period and paid in cash at the end of the vesting period, but are subject to forfeiture until the underlying shares become vested. Participants do not have voting rights with respect to RSUs. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation costs based on the grant date fair value. The compensation costs are normally expensed over the vesting periods to each vesting date; however, the cost of RSUs granted to executives are expensed immediately if the executive has met certain retirement criteria and the RSUs become non-forfeitable. Estimated forfeitures are included in the determination of compensation costs. No forfeitures are currently estimated. A summary of the Company’s outstanding restricted stock units is presented below: RSUs Weighted-Average Fair Value Per Share Units outstanding and unearned at January 1, 2018 65,500 $ 17.31 RSUs granted during 2018 40,000 16.25 RSUs earned during 2018 (31,620 ) 16.99 Units outstanding and unearned at December 31, 2018 73,880 $ 16.87 RSUs granted during 2019 41,600 15.21 RSUs earned during 2019 (26,940 ) 16.23 Units outstanding and unearned at March 31, 2019 88,540 $ 16.29 The following table shows the impact of RSU activity to the Company’s financial results: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 RSU compensation expense $ 319 $ 434 Income tax benefit (67 ) (91 ) RSU compensation expense, net of income taxes $ 252 $ 343 At March 31, 2019, there was $977 of unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding RSUs. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.89 years. Performance Stock Units The Compensation Committee has awarded PSUs to select executives. PSUs are promises to issue actual shares of common stock at the end of a vesting period, if certain performance conditions are met. The PSUs granted to employees under the Plan were based on salary and include a three-year book value cumulative growth target with threshold and stretch goals. They will vest on the third anniversary of the grant date, subject to the participant’s continuous employment through the vesting date and the level of performance achieved. Dividend equivalents on PSUs are accrued and paid in cash at the end of the performance period in accordance with the level of performance achieved, but are subject to forfeiture until the underlying shares become vested. Participants do not have voting rights with respect to PSUs. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation costs based on the grant date fair value over the performance period of the awards. Estimated forfeitures are included in the determination of compensation costs. No forfeitures are currently estimated. The current cost estimate assumes that the cumulative growth target will be achieved. A summary of the Company’s outstanding performance share units is presented below: PSUs Weighted-Average Fair Value Per Share Units outstanding at January 1, 2018 — $ — PSUs granted during 2018 (at target) 48,600 16.25 Units outstanding at December 31, 2018 48,600 $ 16.25 PSUs granted during 2019 (at target) 62,400 15.21 Units outstanding at March 31, 2019 111,000 $ 15.27 The following table shows the impact of PSU activity to the Company’s financial results: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 PSU compensation expense $ 297 $ 22 Income tax benefit (62 ) (5 ) PSU compensation expense, net of income taxes $ 235 $ 17 The PSU grants above represent initial target awards and do not reflect potential increases or decreases resulting from financial performance objectives to be determined at the end of the performance period. The actual number of shares to be issued at the end of the performance period will range from 0% to 150% of the initial target awards. At March 31, 2019, there was $1,603 of unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding PSUs. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.30 years.

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Earnings Per Share	20. Earnings Per Share As described in Note 1, the conversion of the mutual company to a stock company resulted in the issuance of NI Holdings common shares on March 13, 2017. Earnings per share are computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders for the period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the same period. The weighted average number of common shares outstanding was 22,228,630 and 22,361,757, respectively, during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Unearned ESOP shares are not considered outstanding until they are released and allocated to plan participants. Unearned RSU and PSU shares are not considered outstanding until they are earned by award participants. The following table presents a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators we used in the basic and diluted per share computations for our common stock: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Basic earnings per common share: Numerator: Net income attributable to NI Holdings, Inc. $ 13,773 $ 6,122 Denominator: Weighted average shares outstanding 22,228,630 22,361,757 Basic earnings per common share $ 0.62 $ 0.27 Diluted earnings per common share: Numerator: Net income attributable to NI Holdings, Inc. $ 13,773 $ 6,122 Denominator: Number of shares used in basic computation 22,228,630 22,361,757 Weighted average effect of dilutive securities Add: Restricted stock units and performance share units 50,149 12,299 Number of shares used in diluted computation 22,278,779 22,374,056 Diluted earnings per common share $ 0.62 $ 0.27

Segment Information

Segment Information	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Segment Information	21. Segment Information We have four primary reportable operating segments, which consist of private passenger auto insurance, non-standard auto insurance, home and farm insurance, and crop insurance. A fifth segment captures all other insurance coverages we sell, including commercial coverages and our assumed reinsurance lines of business. We operate only in the United States, and no single customer or agent provides 10 percent or more of our revenues. The following tables provide available information of these segments for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. For presentation in these tables, “LAE” refers to loss adjustment expenses. The ratios presented in these tables are non-GAAP financial measures under Securities and Exchange Commission rules and regulations. The non-GAAP ratios may not be comparable to similarly-named measures reported by other companies. The loss and LAE ratio equals losses and loss adjustment expenses divided by net premiums earned. The expense ratio equals amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs and other underwriting and general expenses, divided by net premiums earned. The combined ratio equals losses and loss adjustment expenses, amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs, and other underwriting and general expenses, divided by net premiums earned. Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Private Non- Home and Crop All Other Total Direct premiums earned $ 16,944 $ 14,591 $ 18,533 $ 12 $ 2,172 $ 52,252 Assumed premiums earned 4 — (4 ) — 1,026 1,026 Ceded premiums earned (856 ) — (1,740 ) (1 ) (175 ) (2,772 ) Net premiums earned 16,092 14,591 16,789 11 3,023 50,506 Direct losses and LAE 10,102 7,156 8,256 (486 ) 1,603 26,631 Assumed losses and LAE 49 — — — 394 443 Ceded losses and LAE (46 ) — (254 ) 460 (1,000 ) (840 ) Net losses and LAE 10,105 7,156 8,002 (26 ) 997 26,234 Gross margin 5,987 7,435 8,787 37 2,026 24,272 Underwriting and general expenses 4,750 5,478 5,202 331 933 16,694 Underwriting gain (loss) 1,237 1,957 3,585 (294 ) 1,093 7,578 Fee and other income 470 464 2,427 Net investment income 1,743 Net capital gain on investments 7,859 Income before income taxes 17,644 Income taxes 3,848 Net income 13,796 Net income attributable to non-controlling interest 23 Net income attributable to NI Holdings, Inc. $ 13,773 Non-GAAP Ratios: Loss and LAE ratio 62.8% 49.0% 47.7% n/a 33.0% 51.9% Expense ratio 29.5% 37.5% 31.0% n/a 30.9% 33.1% Combined ratio 92.3% 86.6% 78.6% n/a 63.8% 85.0% Balances at March 31, 2019: Premiums and agents’ balances receivable $ 17,561 $ 9,978 $ 9,424 $ 12 $ 1,527 $ 38,502 Deferred policy acquisition costs 3,925 4,816 5,452 — 598 14,791 Reinsurance recoverables 177 — 916 108 1,942 3,143 Receivable from Federal Crop Insurance Corporation — — — 14,282 — 14,282 Goodwill and other intangibles — 3,488 — — — 3,488 Unpaid losses and LAE 17,737 46,641 12,061 621 8,500 85,560 Unearned premiums 27,110 18,845 37,476 — 4,740 88,171 Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 Private Non- Home and Crop All Other Total Direct premiums earned $ 15,580 $ 2,991 $ 16,620 $ (1 ) $ 2,002 $ 37,192 Assumed premiums earned 4 — (5 ) — 1,240 1,239 Ceded premiums earned (759 ) — (1,497 ) 102 (165 ) (2,319 ) Net premiums earned 14,825 2,991 15,118 101 3,077 36,112 Direct losses and LAE 10,187 1,964 5,416 339 731 18,637 Assumed losses and LAE — — 13 — 576 589 Ceded losses and LAE (65 ) — (107 ) (24 ) (181 ) (377 ) Net losses and LAE 10,122 1,964 5,322 315 1,126 18,849 Gross margin 4,703 1,027 9,796 (214 ) 1,951 17,263 Underwriting and general expenses 4,419 1,036 4,954 488 980 11,877 Underwriting gain (loss) 284 (9 ) 4,842 (702 ) 971 5,386 Fee and other income 322 377 313 Net investment income 1,369 Net capital gain on investments 469 Loss before income taxes 7,601 Income taxes 1,449 Net income 6,152 Net income attributable to non-controlling interest 30 Net income attributable to NI Holdings, Inc. $ 6,122 Non-GAAP Ratios: Loss and LAE ratio 68.3% 65.7% 35.2% n/a 36.6% 52.2% Expense ratio 29.8% 34.6% 32.8% n/a 31.8% 32.9% Combined ratio 98.1% 100.3% 68.0% n/a 68.4% 85.1% Balances at March 31, 2018: Premiums and agents’ balances receivable $ 16,043 $ 1,251 $ 8,393 $ — $ 1,281 $ 26,968 Deferred policy acquisition costs 3,481 343 4,634 — 522 8,980 Reinsurance recoverables 383 — 713 19 2,015 3,130 Receivable from Federal Crop Insurance Corporation — — — 9,735 — 9,735 Goodwill and other intangibles — 2,628 — — — 2,628 Unpaid losses and LAE 17,824 5,339 10,124 160 10,416 43,863 Unearned premiums 25,380 1,981 33,528 — 4,499 65,388 For purposes of evaluating profitability of the non-standard auto segment, management combines the policy fees paid by the insured with the underwriting gain or loss as its primary measure. As a result, these fees are allocated to the non-standard auto segment (included in fee and other income) in the above tables. The remaining fee and other income amounts are not allocated to any segment. We do not assign or allocate all Consolidated Statement of Operations or Consolidated Balance Sheet line items to our operating segments. Those line items include investment income, net capital gain on investments, other income excluding non-standard auto insurance fees, and income taxes within the Consolidated Statement of Operations. For the Consolidated Balance Sheet, those items include cash and investments, property and equipment, other assets, accrued expenses, federal income taxes recoverable or payable, and equity.

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	22. Subsequent Events We have evaluated subsequent events through May 8, 2019, the date these consolidated financial statements were available for issuance.

Summary of Significant Accoun_2

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates: In preparing our consolidated financial statements, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the balance sheet and revenues and expenses for the periods then ended. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. We make estimates and assumptions that can have a significant effect on amounts and disclosures we report in our consolidated financial statements. The most significant estimates relate to our reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, earned premiums for crop insurance, valuation of investments, determination of other-than-temporary impairments, valuation allowances for deferred income tax assets, deferred policy acquisition costs, and the valuations used to establish intangible assets acquired related to business combinations. While we believe our estimates are appropriate, the ultimate amounts may differ from the estimates provided. We regularly review our methods for making these estimates as well as the continuing appropriateness of the estimated amounts, and we reflect any adjustment we consider necessary in our current results of operations.
Variable-Interest Entities	Variable-Interest Entities: Any company deemed to be a variable interest entity (“VIE”) is required to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the VIE. We assess our investments in other entities at inception to determine if any meet the qualifications of a VIE. We consider an investment in another company to be a VIE if (a) the total equity investment at risk is not sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, (b) the characteristics of a controlling financial interest are missing (either the ability to make decisions through voting or other rights, the obligation to absorb expected losses of the entity or the right to receive the expected residual returns of the entity), or (c) the voting rights of the equity holders are not proportional to their obligations to absorb the expected losses of the entity and/or the rights to receive the expected residual returns of the entity, and substantially all of the entity’s activities either involve or are conducted on behalf of an investor that has disproportionately few voting rights. Upon the occurrence of certain events, we would reassess our initial determination of whether the investment is a VIE. We evaluate whether we are the primary beneficiary of each VIE and we consolidate the VIE if we have both (1) the power to direct the economically significant activities of the entity and (2) the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the entity. We consider the contractual agreements that define the ownership structure, distribution of profits and losses, risks, responsibilities, indebtedness, voting rights, and board representation of the respective parties in determining whether we qualify as the primary beneficiary. Our assessment of whether we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE is performed at least annually. We control Battle Creek via a 100% quota-share reinsurance agreement between Nodak Insurance and Battle Creek, as well as the ability to control a majority of the Board of Directors of Battle Creek. Through the effects of the 100% quota-share agreement with Battle Creek, we are considered the primary beneficiary of Battle Creek’s operating results excluding investment income, bad debt expense, and income taxes. Therefore, we consolidate the financial statements of Battle Creek, and Battle Creek’s policyholders’ interest in Battle Creek is reflected as a non-controlling interest in Equity in our Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Cash and Cash Equivalents	Cash and Cash Equivalents: Cash and cash equivalents include certain investments in highly liquid debt instruments with original maturities of three months or less. Cost approximates fair value for these short-term investments.
Investments	Investments: We have categorized our investment portfolio as “available-for-sale” and have reported the portfolio at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses on fixed income securities, and on equity securities prior to January 1, 2019, net of income taxes, are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income. Effective January 1, 2019, in accordance with a change in accounting rule, changes in unrealized gains and losses on equity securities are reported as a component of net capital gain on investments in our operating results. Fair values are based on quoted market prices or dealer quotes, if available. If a quoted market price is not available, fair value is estimated using quoted market prices for similar securities. Amortization of premium and accretion of discount are computed using an effective interest method. Net investment income includes interest and dividend income together with amortization of purchase premiums and discounts, and is net of investment management and custody fees. Realized gains and losses on investments are determined using the specific identification method and are included in net capital gain on investments, along with the change in unrealized gains and losses on equity securities after January 1, 2019. We review our investments each quarter to determine whether a decline in fair value below the amortized cost basis is other than temporary. Accordingly, we assess whether we intend to sell or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell a security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. For fixed income securities that are considered other-than-temporarily impaired and that we do not intend to sell and will not be required to sell prior to recovery of the amortized cost basis, we separate the amount of the impairment into the amount that is credit related (credit loss component) and the amount due to all other factors. The credit loss component is recognized in earnings and is the difference between the security’s amortized cost basis and the present value of its expected future cash flows discounted at the security’s effective yield. The remaining difference between the security’s fair value and the present value of future expected cash flows is due to factors that are not credit related and, therefore, is not required to be recognized as losses in the Consolidated Statement of Operations, but is recognized in other comprehensive income. We classify each fair value measurement at the appropriate level in the fair value hierarchy. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted market price in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level I measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level III measurements). An asset’s or liability’s classification within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of significant input to its valuation. Level I – Quoted price in active markets for identical assets and liabilities. Level II – Quoted prices in markets that are not active or inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly. Level II inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities other than quoted in prices in Level I, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level III – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Unobservable inputs reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Level III assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose values are determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.
Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments	Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments: Our other financial instruments, aside from investments, are cash and cash equivalents, premiums and agents’ balances receivable, and accrued expenses and accounts payable. The carrying amounts for cash and cash equivalents, premiums and agents’ balances receivable, and accrued expenses and accounts payable approximate their fair value based on their short-term nature. Other invested assets that do not have observable inputs and little or no market activity are carried on a cost basis. The carrying value of these other invested assets was $1,914 at March 31, 2019 and $1,954 at December 31, 2018.
Reclassifications	Reclassifications: Certain amounts in the 2018 consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the 2019 presentation.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition: We record premiums written at policy inception and recognize them as revenue on a pro rata basis over the policy term or, in the case of crop insurance, over the period of risk. The portion of premiums that could be earned in the future is deferred and reported as unearned premiums. When policies lapse, the Company reverses the unearned portion of the written premium and removes the applicable unearned premium. Policy-related fee income is recognized when collected. The Company uses the direct write-off method for recognizing bad debts. Accounts billed directly to the policyholder are provided grace payment and cancellation notice periods per state insurance regulations. Any earned but uncollected premiums are written off within 90 days after the effective date of policy cancellation. Direct Auto also provides for agency billing for a portion of their agents. Accounts billed to agents are due within 60 days of the statement date. The balances are carried as agents’ balances receivable until it is determined the amount is not collectible from the agent. At that time, the balance is written off as uncollectible. The agent is responsible for all past due balances. As part of its agent appointment, Direct Auto requires a personal guarantee for all balances due to Direct Auto from the principal of the contracted agency.
Policy Acquisition Costs	Policy Acquisition Costs: We defer our policy acquisition costs, consisting primarily of commissions, premium taxes and certain other underwriting costs, reduced by ceding commissions, which vary with and relate directly to the production of business. We amortize these deferred policy acquisition costs over the period in which we earn the premiums. The method we follow in computing deferred policy acquisition costs limits the amount of such deferred costs to their estimated realizable value, which gives effect to the premium to be earned, related investment income, losses and loss adjustment expenses, and certain other costs we expect to incur as we earn the premium.
Property and Equipment	Property and Equipment: We report property and equipment at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method based upon the estimated useful lives of the assets.
Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses	Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses: Liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses are estimates at a given point in time of the amounts we expect to pay with respect to policyholder claims based on facts and circumstances then known. At the time of establishing our estimates, we recognize that our ultimate liability for losses and loss adjustment expenses will exceed or be less than such estimates. We base our estimates of liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses on assumptions as to future loss trends, expected claims severity, judicial theories of liability, and other factors. During the loss adjustment period, we may learn additional facts regarding certain claims, and, consequently, it often becomes necessary for us to refine and adjust our estimates of the liability. We reflect any adjustments to our liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses in our operating results in the period in which we determine the need for a change in the estimates. We maintain liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses with respect to both reported and unreported claims. We establish these liabilities for the purpose of covering the ultimate costs of settling all losses, including investigation and litigation costs. We base the amount of our liability for reported losses primarily upon a case-by-case evaluation of the type of risk involved, knowledge of the circumstances surrounding each claim, and the insurance policy provisions relating to the type of loss our policyholder incurred. We determine the amount of our liability for unreported losses and loss adjustment expenses on the basis of historical information by line of insurance. Inflation is not explicitly selected in the loss reserve analysis. However, historical inflation is embedded in the estimated loss reserving function through analysis of costs and trends and reviews of historical reserving results. We closely monitor our liabilities and update them periodically using new information on reported claims and a variety of statistical techniques. We do not discount our liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expense. Reserve estimates can change over time because of unexpected changes in assumptions related to our external environment and, to a lesser extent, assumptions as to our internal operations. Assumptions related to our external environment include the absence of significant changes in tort law and the legal environment which may impact liability exposure, the trends in judicial interpretations of insurance coverage and policy provisions, and the rate of loss cost inflation. Internal assumptions include consistency in the recording of premium and loss statistics, consistency in the recording of claims, payment and case reserving methodologies, accurate measurement of the impact of rate changes and changes in policy provisions, consistency in the quality and characteristics of business written within a given line of business, and consistency in reinsurance coverage and collectability of reinsured losses, among other items. To the extent we determine that underlying factors impacting our assumptions have changed, we attempt to make appropriate adjustments for such changes in our reserves. Accordingly, our ultimate liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses will likely differ from the amount recorded.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes: With the exception of Battle Creek, which files a stand-alone federal income tax return, we currently file a consolidated federal income tax return. For the year ended December 31, 2016, the consolidated federal income tax return included Nodak Mutual Insurance Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. For the year ended December 31, 2017 and thereafter, the consolidated federal income tax return included and will include thereafter NI Holdings and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Direct Auto became part of the consolidated federal income tax return as of its acquisition date. The Company reports tax-related interest and penalties, if any, as part of income tax expense in the year such amounts are determinable. We account for deferred income taxes using the asset and liability method. The objective of the asset and liability method is to establish deferred income tax assets and liabilities for the temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the income tax basis of our assets and liabilities at enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when we realize or settle such amounts. Accounting guidance requires that companies re-measure existing deferred income tax assets (including loss carryforwards) and liabilities when a change in tax rate occurs, and record an offset for the net amount of the change as a component of income tax expense from continuing operations in the period of enactment. The guidance also requires any change to a previously recorded valuation allowance as a result of re-measuring existing temporary differences and loss carryforwards to be reflected as a component of income tax expense from continuing operations. The Company has elected to reclassify any tax effects stranded in accumulated other comprehensive income as a result of a change in income tax rates to retained earnings.
Credit Risk	Credit Risk: Our primary investment objective is to earn competitive returns by investing in a diversified portfolio of securities. Our portfolio of fixed income securities and, to a lesser extent, short-term investments, is subject to credit risk. We define this risk as the potential loss in fair value resulting from adverse changes in the borrower’s ability to repay the debt. We manage this risk by performing an analysis of prospective investments and through regular reviews of our portfolio by our investment staff and advisors. We also limit the amount of our total investment portfolio that we invest in any one security. Property and liability insurance coverages are marketed through captive agents in North Dakota and through independent insurance agencies located throughout all operating areas. All business is billed directly to policyholders. We maintain cash balances primarily at one bank, which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) up to $250. During the normal course of business, balances are maintained above the FDIC insurance limit. The Company maintains short-term investment balances in investment grade money market accounts that are insured by the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (“SIPC”) up to $500. On occasion, balances for these accounts are maintained in excess of the SIPC insurance limit.
Reinsurance	Reinsurance: The Company limits the maximum net loss that can arise from large risks or risks in concentrated areas of exposure by reinsuring (ceding) certain levels of risks to other insurers or reinsurers, either on an automatic basis under general reinsurance contracts knows as “treaties” or by negotiation on substantial individual risks. Ceded reinsurance is treated as the risk and liability of the assuming companies. Reinsurance contracts do not relieve the Company from its obligations to policyholders. In the event that all or any of the reinsuring companies might be unable to meet their obligations under existing reinsurance agreements, the Company would be liable for such defaulted amounts.
Goodwill and Other Intangibles	Goodwill and Other Intangibles: Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the underlying fair value of acquired entities. When completing acquisitions, we seek also to identify separately identifiable intangible assets that we have acquired. We assess goodwill and intangible assets with an indefinite useful life for impairment annually. We also assess goodwill and other intangible assets for impairment upon the occurrence of certain events. In making our assessment, we consider a number of factors including operating results, business plans, economic projections, anticipated future cash flows, and current market data. Inherent uncertainties exist with respect to these factors and to our judgment in applying them when we make our assessment. Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets could result from changes in economic and operating conditions in future periods. We did not record any impairments of goodwill or other intangible assets during the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. Goodwill arising from the acquisition of Primero in 2014 represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired. The purchase price in excess of the fair value of net assets acquired was negotiated at arms-length with an unrelated party and was based upon the strategic decision by Company management to expand both the geographic footprint and product lines of the Company. The nature of the business acquired was such that there were limited intangible assets not reflected in the net assets acquired. The purchase price was paid with a combination of cash and cancellation of obligations owed to the acquired company by the sellers. The goodwill which arose from this transaction is included in the basis of the net assets acquired and is not deductible for income tax purposes. Intangible assets arising from the acquisition of Direct Auto in 2018 represent the estimated fair values of certain intangible assets, including a favorable lease contract, a state insurance license, the value of the Direct Auto trade name, and the value of business acquired (“VOBA”). The state insurance license asset has an indefinite life, while the favorable lease contract, Direct Auto trade name, and VOBA assets will be amortized over eighteen months, five years, and twelve months, respectively, from the August 31, 2018 valuation date.

Acquisition of Direct Auto In_2

Acquisition of Direct Auto Insurance Company (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Business Combinations [Abstract]
Schedule of Proforma Information of Business Combination	The acquired Direct Auto business contributed revenues of $12,573 and net income of $4,134 to the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The following unaudited pro forma summary presents consolidated information of the Company as if the business combination had occurred on January 1, 2017: Pro forma Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Revenues $ 60,572 $ 48,666 Net income attributable to NI Holdings, Inc. 13,848 6,876 Basic earnings per share attributable to NI Holdings, Inc. 0.62 0.31
Schedule of Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed	The Company paid $17,000 in cash consideration to the private shareholders of Direct Auto. The acquisition of Direct Auto did not include any contingent consideration. The following table summarizes the consideration transferred to acquire Direct Auto and the amounts of identified assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date: Fair Value of Consideration: Total cash consideration transferred $ 17,000 Recognized Amounts of Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed: Identifiable net assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 44,485 Fixed income securities, at fair value 11,414 Equity securities, at fair value 14,634 Premiums and agents' balances receivable 5,849 Accrued investment income 63 Property and equipment 31 Favorable lease contract (included in goodwill and other intangibles) 20 License (included in goodwill and other intangibles) 100 Trade name (included in goodwill and other intangibles) 248 Value of business acquired (included in goodwill and other intangibles) 5,134 Other assets 107 Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses (40,967 ) Unearned premiums (15,955 ) Federal income tax payable (1,486 ) Deferred income taxes, net (1,442 ) Accrued expenses and other liabilities (657 ) Total identifiable net assets $ 21,578 Gain on bargain purchase $ 4,578

Investments (Tables)

Investments (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Marketable Securities [Abstract]
Schedule of amortized cost and estimated fair value of securities	The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, were as follows: March 31, 2019 Cost or Amortized Gross Unrealized Gross Unrealized Fair Value Fixed income securities: U.S. Government and agencies $ 16,857 $ 216 $ (44 ) $ 17,029 Obligations of states and political subdivisions 55,258 924 (211 ) 55,971 Corporate securities 96,096 1,198 (270 ) 97,024 Residential mortgage-backed securities 49,923 371 (273 ) 50,021 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 19,359 268 (141 ) 19,486 Asset-backed securities 21,465 54 (226 ) 21,293 Total fixed income securities 258,958 3,031 (1,165 ) 260,824 Equity securities: Basic materials 1,497 53 (64 ) 1,486 Communications 4,319 2,230 (353 ) 6,196 Consumer, cyclical 5,655 3,532 (144 ) 9,043 Consumer, non-cyclical 10,094 5,506 (506 ) 15,094 Energy 1,692 52 (127 ) 1,617 Financial 4,873 247 (366 ) 4,754 Industrial 4,442 3,341 (62 ) 7,721 Technology 6,875 4,671 (351 ) 11,195 Total equity securities 39,447 19,632 (1,973 ) 57,106 Total investments $ 298,405 $ 22,663 $ (3,138 ) $ 317,930 December 31, 2018 Cost or Amortized Gross Unrealized Gross Unrealized Fair Value Fixed income securities: U.S. Government and agencies $ 19,183 $ 158 $ (133 ) $ 19,208 Obligations of states and political subdivisions 52,782 475 (559 ) 52,698 Corporate securities 95,290 265 (1,413 ) 94,142 Residential mortgage-backed securities 50,902 110 (729 ) 50,283 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 19,520 65 (270 ) 19,315 Asset-backed securities 19,617 4 (298 ) 19,323 Total fixed income securities 257,294 1,077 (3,402 ) 254,969 Equity securities: Basic materials 1,527 — (187 ) 1,340 Communications 4,076 1,296 (424 ) 4,948 Consumer, cyclical 5,128 2,650 (167 ) 7,611 Consumer, non-cyclical 9,356 3,929 (916 ) 12,369 Energy 1,622 8 (289 ) 1,341 Financial 4,856 121 (549 ) 4,428 Industrial 4,537 2,529 (368 ) 6,698 Technology 7,037 3,647 (921 ) 9,763 Total equity securities 38,139 14,180 (3,821 ) 48,498 Total investments $ 295,433 $ 15,257 $ (7,223 ) $ 303,467
Schedule of amortized cost and fair value of fixed income securities by contractual maturity	The amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed income securities by contractual maturity are shown below. Actual maturities could differ from contractual maturities because issuers of the securities may have the right to call or prepay certain obligations, which may or may not include call or prepayment penalties. March 31, 2019 Amortized Cost Fair Value Due to mature: One year or less $ 13,304 $ 13,322 After one year through five years 96,223 97,197 After five years through ten years 50,610 51,302 After ten years 8,074 8,203 Mortgage / asset-backed securities 90,747 90,800 Total fixed income securities $ 258,958 $ 260,824 December 31, 2018 Amortized Cost Fair Value Due to mature: One year or less $ 12,490 $ 12,463 After one year through five years 96,900 96,614 After five years through ten years 52,128 51,351 After ten years 5,737 5,620 Mortgage / asset-backed securities 90,039 88,921 Total fixed income securities $ 257,294 $ 254,969
Schedule of unrealized loss of securities	The investment category and duration of the Company’s gross unrealized losses on fixed income securities and equity securities were as follows: March 31, 2019 Less than 12 Months Greater than 12 months Total Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fixed income securities: U.S. Government and agencies $ 450 $ (4 ) $ 3,631 $ (40 ) $ 4,081 $ (44 ) Obligations of states and political subdivisions 4,796 (84 ) 6,368 (127 ) 11,164 (211 ) Corporate securities 1,848 (7 ) 34,892 (263 ) 36,740 (270 ) Residential mortgage-backed securities 314 (1 ) 19,401 (272 ) 19,715 (273 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 2,298 (16 ) 5,316 (125 ) 7,614 (141 ) Asset-backed securities 4,849 (151 ) 9,435 (75 ) 14,284 (226 ) Total fixed income securities 14,555 (263 ) 79,043 (902 ) 93,598 (1,165 ) Equity securities: Basic materials 1,147 (64 ) — — 1,147 (64 ) Communications 1,927 (299 ) 159 (54 ) 2,086 (353 ) Consumer, cyclical 1,274 (144 ) — — 1,274 (144 ) Consumer, non-cyclical 3,348 (506 ) — — 3,348 (506 ) Energy 896 (127 ) — — 896 (127 ) Financial 2,496 (321 ) 294 (45 ) 2,790 (366 ) Industrial 1,404 (62 ) — — 1,404 (62 ) Technology 2,328 (351 ) — — 2,328 (351 ) Total equity securities 14,820 (1,874 ) 453 (99 ) 15,273 (1,973 ) Total investments $ 29,375 $ (2,137 ) $ 79,496 $ (1,001 ) $ 108,871 $ (3,138 ) December 31, 2018 Less than 12 Months Greater than 12 months Total Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fixed income securities: U.S. Government and agencies $ 2,593 $ (3 ) $ 7,523 $ (130 ) $ 10,116 $ (133 ) Obligations of states and political subdivisions 8,467 (119 ) 18,218 (440 ) 26,685 (559 ) Corporate securities 24,793 (266 ) 45,033 (1,147 ) 69,826 (1,413 ) Residential mortgage-backed securities 10,325 (62 ) 26,459 (667 ) 36,784 (729 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 5,980 (55 ) 7,117 (215 ) 13,097 (270 ) Asset-backed securities 7,908 (183 ) 10,276 (115 ) 18,184 (298 ) Total fixed income securities 60,066 (688 ) 114,626 (2,714 ) 174,692 (3,402 ) Equity securities: Basic materials 1,340 (187 ) — — 1,340 (187 ) Communications 2,001 (378 ) 167 (46 ) 2,168 (424 ) Consumer, cyclical 1,237 (167 ) — — 1,237 (167 ) Consumer, non-cyclical 4,781 (899 ) 316 (17 ) 5,097 (916 ) Energy 1,041 (289 ) — — 1,041 (289 ) Financial 3,722 (549 ) — — 3,722 (549 ) Industrial 2,281 (368 ) — — 2,281 (368 ) Technology 3,212 (833 ) 123 (88 ) 3,335 (921 ) Total equity securities 19,615 (3,670 ) 606 (151 ) 20,221 (3,821 ) Total investments $ 79,681 $ (4,358 ) $ 115,232 $ (2,865 ) $ 194,913 $ (7,223 )
Schedule of net investment income	Net investment income consisted of the following: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Fixed income securities $ 1,976 $ 1,599 Equity securities 224 229 Real estate 91 91 Cash and cash equivalents 17 19 Total gross investment income 2,308 1,938 Investment expenses 565 569 Net investment income $ 1,743 $ 1,369
Schedule of net realized gain (loss) on investments	Net capital gain on investments consisted of the following: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Gross realized gains: Fixed income securities $ 3 $ 12 Equity securities 698 578 Total gross realized gains 701 590 Gross realized losses, excluding other-than-temporary impairment losses: Fixed income securities (30 ) (49 ) Equity securities (112 ) (72 ) Total gross realized losses, excluding other-than-temporary impairment losses (142 ) (121 ) Net realized gain on investments 559 469 Change in net unrealized gain on equity securities 7,300 — Net capital gain on investments $ 7,859 $ 469

Fair Value Measurements (Tables

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Investments, All Other Investments [Abstract]
Schedule of Financial Instruments at Fair Value Measured on a Recurring Basis	The following tables set forth our assets which are measured on a recurring basis by the level within the fair value hierarchy in which fair value measurements fall: March 31, 2019 Total Level I Level II Level III Fixed income securities: U.S. Government and agencies $ 17,029 $ — $ 17,029 $ — Obligations of states and political subdivisions 55,971 — 55,971 — Corporate securities 97,024 — 97,024 — Residential mortgage-backed securities 50,021 — 50,021 — Commercial mortgage-backed securities 19,486 — 19,486 — Asset-backed securities 21,293 — 21,293 — Total fixed income securities 260,824 — 260,824 — Equity securities: Basic materials 1,486 1,486 — — Communications 6,196 6,196 — — Consumer, cyclical 9,043 9,043 — — Consumer, non-cyclical 15,094 15,094 — — Energy 1,617 1,617 — — Financial 4,754 4,754 — — Industrial 7,721 7,721 — — Technology 11,195 11,195 — — Total equity securities 57,106 57,106 — — Cash and cash equivalents 70,127 70,127 — — Total assets at fair value $ 388,057 $ 127,233 $ 260,824 $ — December 31, 2018 Total Level I Level II Level III Fixed income securities: U.S. Government and agencies $ 19,208 $ — $ 19,208 $ — Obligations of states and political subdivisions 52,698 — 52,698 — Corporate securities 94,142 — 94,142 — Residential mortgage-backed securities 50,283 — 50,283 — Commercial mortgage-backed securities 19,315 — 19,315 — Asset-backed securities 19,323 — 19,323 — Total fixed income securities 254,969 — 254,969 — Equity securities: Basic materials 1,340 1,340 — — Communications 4,948 4,948 — — Consumer, cyclical 7,611 7,611 — — Consumer, non-cyclical 12,369 12,369 — — Energy 1,341 1,341 — — Financial 4,428 4,428 — — Industrial 6,698 6,698 — — Technology 9,763 9,763 — — Total equity securities 48,498 48,498 — — Cash and cash equivalents 68,950 68,950 — — Total assets at fair value $ 372,417 $ 117,448 $ 254,969 $ —

Reinsurance (Tables)

Reinsurance (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Reinsurance Disclosures [Abstract]
Schedule of reconciliation of direct to net premiums on both a written and an earned basis	A reconciliation of direct to net premiums on both a written and an earned basis is as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Premiums Written Premiums Earned Direct premium $ 55,653 $ 52,253 Assumed premium 1,029 1,026 Ceded premium (2,773 ) (2,773 ) Net premiums $ 53,909 $ 50,506 Percentage of assumed earned premium to net earned premium 2.0% Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 Premiums Written Premiums Earned Direct premium $ 39,274 $ 37,192 Assumed premium 1,283 1,239 Ceded premium (2,319 ) (2,319 ) Net premiums $ 38,238 $ 36,112 Percentage of assumed earned premium to net earned premium 3.4%
Schedule of reconciliation of direct to net losses and loss adjustment expenses	A reconciliation of direct to net losses and loss adjustment expenses is as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Direct losses and loss adjustment expenses $ 26,631 $ 18,637 Assumed losses and loss adjustment expenses 443 589 Ceded losses and loss adjustment expenses (840 ) (377 ) Net losses and loss adjustment expenses $ 26,234 $ 18,849

Deferred Policy Acquisition C_2

Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Reinsurance Disclosures [Abstract]
Schedule of deferred policy acquisition costs	Activity with regards to our deferred policy acquisition costs was as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Balance, beginning of period $ 12,866 $ 8,859 Deferral of policy acquisition costs 11,147 7,160 Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs (9,222 ) (7,039 ) Balance, end of period $ 14,791 $ 8,980

Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjust_2

Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense, Activity in Liability [Abstract]
Schedule of Activity in the liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses	Activity in the liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses is summarized as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Balance at beginning of period: Liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses $ 87,121 $ 45,890 Reinsurance recoverables on losses 2,232 4,128 Net balance at beginning of period 84,889 41,762 Incurred related to: Current year 31,203 18,773 Prior years (4,969 ) 76 Total incurred 26,234 18,849 Paid related to: Current year 11,064 8,740 Prior years 17,642 11,138 Total paid 28,706 19,878 Balance at end of period: Liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses 85,560 43,863 Reinsurance recoverables on losses 3,143 3,130 Net balance at end of period $ 82,417 $ 40,733

Property and Equipment (Tables)

Property and Equipment (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Reinsurance Disclosures [Abstract]
Schedule of Property and equipment	Property and equipment consisted of the following: March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Estimated Useful Life Cost: Real estate $ 12,099 $ 11,911 10 - 31 years Electronic data processing equipment 1,344 1,286 5-7 years Furniture and fixtures 2,829 2,829 5-7 years Automobiles 1,702 1,596 2-3 years Gross cost 17,974 17,622 Accumulated depreciation (10,731 ) (10,643 ) Total property and equipment, net $ 7,243 $ 6,979

Related Party Transactions (Tab

Related Party Transactions (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Schedule of illustrates the impact of consolidating Battle Creek into our consolidated balance sheets prior to intercompany eliminations	The following table illustrates the impact of including Battle Creek in our Consolidated Balance Sheets prior to intercompany eliminations: March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Assets: Cash and cash equivalents (overdraft) $ 1,445 $ (818 ) Investments 4,338 4,304 Premiums and agents’ balances receivable 4,624 4,479 Reinsurance recoverables on losses (1) 23,233 21,117 Accrued investment income 30 31 Deferred income tax asset, net 391 414 Property and equipment 358 356 Other assets 42 48 Total assets $ 34,461 $ 29,931 Liabilities: Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses $ 8,362 $ 6,579 Unearned premiums 14,871 14,538 Notes payable (1) 3,000 3,000 Reinsurance premiums payable (1) 3,953 972 Accrued expenses and other liabilities 931 1,579 Total liabilities 31,117 26,668 Equity: Non-controlling interest 3,344 3,263 Total equity 3,344 3,263 Total liabilities and equity $ 34,461 $ 29,931 (1) Amount eliminated in consolidation.

Operating Leases (Tables)

Operating Leases (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Operating Leases Tables Abstract
Schedule of Minimum Future Commitments Under Non-Cancellable Leases	As of March 31, 2019, we have minimum future commitments under non-cancellable leases as follows: Year ending December 31, Estimated Future 2019 301 2020 121 2021 60 2022 60 2023 30

Common Stock (Tables)

Common Stock (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Common Stock Tables Abstract
Schedule of number of common stock shares	Changes in the number of common stock shares outstanding are as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Shares outstanding, beginning of period 22,192,894 22,337,644 Treasury shares repurchased through stock repurchase authorization (100 ) — Issuance of treasury shares for vesting of restricted stock units 16,705 15,200 Shares outstanding, end of period 22,209,499 22,352,844

Stock Based Compensation (Table

Stock Based Compensation (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Schedule of Restricted Stock Outstanding	A summary of the Company’s outstanding restricted stock units is presented below: RSUs Weighted-Average Fair Value Per Share Units outstanding and unearned at January 1, 2018 65,500 $ 17.31 RSUs granted during 2018 40,000 16.25 RSUs earned during 2018 (31,620 ) 16.99 Units outstanding and unearned at December 31, 2018 73,880 $ 16.87 RSUs granted during 2019 41,600 15.21 RSUs earned during 2019 (26,940 ) 16.23 Units outstanding and unearned at March 31, 2019 88,540 $ 16.29
Schedule of RSU activity	The following table shows the impact of RSU activity to the Company’s financial results: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 RSU compensation expense $ 319 $ 434 Income tax benefit (67 ) (91 ) RSU compensation expense, net of income taxes $ 252 $ 343
Schedule of Performance Stock Outstanding	A summary of the Company’s outstanding performance share units is presented below: PSUs Weighted-Average Fair Value Per Share Units outstanding at January 1, 2018 — $ — PSUs granted during 2018 (at target) 48,600 16.25 Units outstanding at December 31, 2018 48,600 $ 16.25 PSUs granted during 2019 (at target) 62,400 15.21 Units outstanding at March 31, 2019 111,000 $ 15.27
Schedule of PSU activity	The following table shows the impact of PSU activity to the Company’s financial results: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 PSU compensation expense $ 297 $ 22 Income tax benefit (62 ) (5 ) PSU compensation expense, net of income taxes $ 235 $ 17

Earnings Per Share (Tables)

Earnings Per Share (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Schedule of reconciliation of the numerators and denominators we used in the basic and diluted per share	The following table presents a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators we used in the basic and diluted per share computations for our common stock: Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 2018 Basic earnings per common share: Numerator: Net income attributable to NI Holdings, Inc. $ 13,773 $ 6,122 Denominator: Weighted average shares outstanding 22,228,630 22,361,757 Basic earnings per common share $ 0.62 $ 0.27 Diluted earnings per common share: Numerator: Net income attributable to NI Holdings, Inc. $ 13,773 $ 6,122 Denominator: Number of shares used in basic computation 22,228,630 22,361,757 Weighted average effect of dilutive securities Add: Restricted stock units and performance share units 50,149 12,299 Number of shares used in diluted computation 22,278,779 22,374,056 Diluted earnings per common share $ 0.62 $ 0.27

Segment Information (Tables)

Segment Information (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of revenue by insurance product line	The loss and LAE ratio equals losses and loss adjustment expenses divided by net premiums earned. The expense ratio equals amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs and other underwriting and general expenses, divided by net premiums earned. The combined ratio equals losses and loss adjustment expenses, amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs, and other underwriting and general expenses, divided by net premiums earned. Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Private Non- Home and Crop All Other Total Direct premiums earned $ 16,944 $ 14,591 $ 18,533 $ 12 $ 2,172 $ 52,252 Assumed premiums earned 4 — (4 ) — 1,026 1,026 Ceded premiums earned (856 ) — (1,740 ) (1 ) (175 ) (2,772 ) Net premiums earned 16,092 14,591 16,789 11 3,023 50,506 Direct losses and LAE 10,102 7,156 8,256 (486 ) 1,603 26,631 Assumed losses and LAE 49 — — — 394 443 Ceded losses and LAE (46 ) — (254 ) 460 (1,000 ) (840 ) Net losses and LAE 10,105 7,156 8,002 (26 ) 997 26,234 Gross margin 5,987 7,435 8,787 37 2,026 24,272 Underwriting and general expenses 4,750 5,478 5,202 331 933 16,694 Underwriting gain (loss) 1,237 1,957 3,585 (294 ) 1,093 7,578 Fee and other income 470 464 2,427 Net investment income 1,743 Net capital gain on investments 7,859 Income before income taxes 17,644 Income taxes 3,848 Net income 13,796 Net income attributable to non-controlling interest 23 Net income attributable to NI Holdings, Inc. $ 13,773 Non-GAAP Ratios: Loss and LAE ratio 62.8% 49.0% 47.7% n/a 33.0% 51.9% Expense ratio 29.5% 37.5% 31.0% n/a 30.9% 33.1% Combined ratio 92.3% 86.6% 78.6% n/a 63.8% 85.0% Balances at March 31, 2019: Premiums and agents’ balances receivable $ 17,561 $ 9,978 $ 9,424 $ 12 $ 1,527 $ 38,502 Deferred policy acquisition costs 3,925 4,816 5,452 — 598 14,791 Reinsurance recoverables 177 — 916 108 1,942 3,143 Receivable from Federal Crop Insurance Corporation — — — 14,282 — 14,282 Goodwill and other intangibles — 3,488 — — — 3,488 Unpaid losses and LAE 17,737 46,641 12,061 621 8,500 85,560 Unearned premiums 27,110 18,845 37,476 — 4,740 88,171 Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 Private Non- Home and Crop All Other Total Direct premiums earned $ 15,580 $ 2,991 $ 16,620 $ (1 ) $ 2,002 $ 37,192 Assumed premiums earned 4 — (5 ) — 1,240 1,239 Ceded premiums earned (759 ) — (1,497 ) 102 (165 ) (2,319 ) Net premiums earned 14,825 2,991 15,118 101 3,077 36,112 Direct losses and LAE 10,187 1,964 5,416 339 731 18,637 Assumed losses and LAE — — 13 — 576 589 Ceded losses and LAE (65 ) — (107 ) (24 ) (181 ) (377 ) Net losses and LAE 10,122 1,964 5,322 315 1,126 18,849 Gross margin 4,703 1,027 9,796 (214 ) 1,951 17,263 Underwriting and general expenses 4,419 1,036 4,954 488 980 11,877 Underwriting gain (loss) 284 (9 ) 4,842 (702 ) 971 5,386 Fee and other income 322 377 313 Net investment income 1,369 Net capital gain on investments 469 Loss before income taxes 7,601 Income taxes 1,449 Net income 6,152 Net income attributable to non-controlling interest 30 Net income attributable to NI Holdings, Inc. $ 6,122 Non-GAAP Ratios: Loss and LAE ratio 68.3% 65.7% 35.2% n/a 36.6% 52.2% Expense ratio 29.8% 34.6% 32.8% n/a 31.8% 32.9% Combined ratio 98.1% 100.3% 68.0% n/a 68.4% 85.1% Balances at March 31, 2018: Premiums and agents’ balances receivable $ 16,043 $ 1,251 $ 8,393 $ — $ 1,281 $ 26,968 Deferred policy acquisition costs 3,481 343 4,634 — 522 8,980 Reinsurance recoverables 383 — 713 19 2,015 3,130 Receivable from Federal Crop Insurance Corporation — — — 9,735 — 9,735 Goodwill and other intangibles — 2,628 — — — 2,628 Unpaid losses and LAE 17,824 5,339 10,124 160 10,416 43,863 Unearned premiums 25,380 1,981 33,528 — 4,499 65,388

Organization (Details)

Organization (Details) - Nodak Insurance [Member]	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019
Percentage of shares exchanged	55.00%
Percentage of quota share agreement	100.00%

Summary of Significant Accoun_3

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Other invested assets	$ 1,914	$ 1,954
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation amount	250
Short-term investment balances in investment that are insured by SIPC	$ 500
Nodak Insurance [Member]
Ownership percentage	100.00%
Battle Creek [Member]
Ownership percentage	100.00%

Acquisition of Direct Auto In_3

Acquisition of Direct Auto Insurance Company (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Aug. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Revenue contribution			$ 60,572	$ 38,327
Net income			13,796	$ 6,152
Direct Auto Insurance Company [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Ownership percentage in acquisition		100.00%
Gain on bargain purchase		$ 4,578	$ 4,578
Revenue contribution	$ 12,573
Net income	4,134
Acquisition related costs incurred	$ 118

Acquisition of Direct Auto In_4

Acquisition of Direct Auto Insurance Company (Schedule of Proforma Information of Business Combination) (Details) - Direct Auto Insurance Company [Member] - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 60,572	$ 48,666
Net income attributable to NI Holdings, Inc.	$ 13,848	$ 6,876
Basic earnings per share attributable to NI Holdings, Inc.	$ 0.62	$ 0.31

Acquisition of Direct Auto In_5

Acquisition of Direct Auto Insurance Company (Schedule of Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed) (Details) - Direct Auto Insurance Company [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2019
Fair Value of Consideration:
Total cash consideration transferred		$ 17,000
Identifiable net assets:
Cash and cash equivalents		44,485
Fixed income securities, at fair value		11,414
Equity securities, at fair value		14,634
Premiums and agents' balances receivable		5,849
Accrued investment income		63
Property and equipment		31
Favorable lease contract (included in goodwill and other intangibles)		20
License (included in goodwill and other intangibles)		100
Trade name (included in goodwill and other intangibles)		248
Value of business acquired (included in goodwill and other intangibles)		5,134
Other assets		107
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses		(40,967)
Unearned premiums		(15,955)
Federal income tax payable		(1,486)
Deferred income taxes, net		(1,442)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		(657)
Total identifiable net assets		21,578
Gain on bargain purchase	$ 4,578	$ 4,578

Recent Accounting Pronounceme_2

Recent Accounting Pronouncements (Narrative) (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019USD ($)
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Narrative
Income tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings	$ 2,717
Pre-tax unrealized net capital gains	$ 8,184

Investments (Narrative) (Detail

Investments (Narrative) (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2018USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)
Investments [Abstract]
Fixed income securities with a fair value	$ 4,954		$ 4,900
Percentage of fixed maturities amortized cost values	80.00%
Unrealized gains on equity securities		$ 8,184
Fixed income securities [Member]
Investments [Abstract]
Number of securities	192		317

Investments (Schedule of amorti

Investments (Schedule of amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Cost or Amortized Cost	$ 298,405	$ 295,433
Gross Unrealized Gains	22,663	15,257
Gross Unrealized Losses	(3,138)	(7,223)
Fair Value	317,930	303,467
Fixed income securities [Member]
Cost or Amortized Cost	258,958	257,294
Gross Unrealized Gains	3,031	1,077
Gross Unrealized Losses	(1,165)	(3,402)
Fair Value	260,824	254,969
Fixed income securities [Member] | U.S. Government and agencies [Member]
Cost or Amortized Cost	16,857	19,183
Gross Unrealized Gains	216	158
Gross Unrealized Losses	(44)	(133)
Fair Value	17,029	19,208
Fixed income securities [Member] | Obligations of states and political subdivisions [Member]
Cost or Amortized Cost	55,258	52,782
Gross Unrealized Gains	924	475
Gross Unrealized Losses	(211)	(559)
Fair Value	55,971	52,698
Fixed income securities [Member] | Corporate securities [Member]
Cost or Amortized Cost	96,096	95,290
Gross Unrealized Gains	1,198	265
Gross Unrealized Losses	(270)	(1,413)
Fair Value	97,024	94,142
Fixed income securities [Member] | Residential mortgage-backed securities [Member]
Cost or Amortized Cost	49,923	50,902
Gross Unrealized Gains	371	110
Gross Unrealized Losses	(273)	(729)
Fair Value	50,021	50,283
Fixed income securities [Member] | Commercial mortgage-backed securities [Member]
Cost or Amortized Cost	19,359	19,520
Gross Unrealized Gains	268	65
Gross Unrealized Losses	(141)	(270)
Fair Value	19,486	19,315
Fixed income securities [Member] | Asset backed securities [Member]
Cost or Amortized Cost	21,465	19,617
Gross Unrealized Gains	54	4
Gross Unrealized Losses	(226)	(298)
Fair Value	21,293	19,323
Equity Securities [Member]
Cost or Amortized Cost	39,447	38,139
Gross Unrealized Gains	19,632	14,180
Gross Unrealized Losses	(1,973)	(3,821)
Fair Value	57,106	48,498
Equity Securities [Member] | Basic materials [Member]
Cost or Amortized Cost	1,497	1,527
Gross Unrealized Gains	53
Gross Unrealized Losses	(64)	(187)
Fair Value	1,486	1,340
Equity Securities [Member] | Communications [Member]
Cost or Amortized Cost	4,319	4,076
Gross Unrealized Gains	2,230	1,296
Gross Unrealized Losses	(353)	(424)
Fair Value	6,196	4,948
Equity Securities [Member] | Consumer, cyclical [Member]
Cost or Amortized Cost	5,655	5,128
Gross Unrealized Gains	3,532	2,650
Gross Unrealized Losses	(144)	(167)
Fair Value	9,043	7,611
Equity Securities [Member] | Consumer, non-cyclical [Member]
Cost or Amortized Cost	10,094	9,356
Gross Unrealized Gains	5,506	3,929
Gross Unrealized Losses	(506)	(916)
Fair Value	15,094	12,369
Equity Securities [Member] | Energy [Member]
Cost or Amortized Cost	1,692	1,622
Gross Unrealized Gains	52	8
Gross Unrealized Losses	(127)	(289)
Fair Value	1,617	1,341
Equity Securities [Member] | Financial [Member]
Cost or Amortized Cost	4,873	4,856
Gross Unrealized Gains	247	121
Gross Unrealized Losses	(366)	(549)
Fair Value	4,754	4,428
Equity Securities [Member] | Industrial [Member]
Cost or Amortized Cost	4,442	4,537
Gross Unrealized Gains	3,341	2,529
Gross Unrealized Losses	(62)	(368)
Fair Value	7,721	6,698
Equity Securities [Member] | Technology [Member]
Cost or Amortized Cost	6,875	7,037
Gross Unrealized Gains	4,671	3,647
Gross Unrealized Losses	(351)	(921)
Fair Value	$ 11,195	$ 9,763

Investments (Schedule of Fixed

Investments (Schedule of Fixed Maturities) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Marketable Securities [Abstract]
Amortized Cost, Due to mature One year or less	$ 13,304	$ 12,490
Amortized Cost, Due to mature After one year through five years	96,223	96,900
Amortized Cost, Due to mature After five years through ten years	50,610	52,128
Amortized Cost, Due to mature After ten years	8,074	5,737
Amortized Cost, Due to mature Mortgage/asset-backed securities	90,747	90,039
Available-for-sale Securities, Debt Maturities, Amortized Cost	258,958	257,294
Fair Value, Due to mature One year or less	13,322	12,463
Fair Value, Due to mature After one year through five years	97,197	96,614
Fair Value, Due to mature After five years through ten years	51,302	51,351
Fair Value, Due to mature After ten years	8,203	5,620
Fair Value, Due to mature Mortgage/asset-backed securities	90,800	88,921
Available-for-sale Securities, Debt Securities, Estimated Fair Value	$ 260,824	$ 254,969

Investments (Schedule of aggreg

Investments (Schedule of aggregate fair value and unrealized loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Less than 12 months Fair Value	$ 29,375	$ 79,681
Less than 12 months Unrealized Losses	(2,137)	(4,358)
Greater than 12 months Fair Value	79,496	115,232
Greater than 12 months Unrealized Losses	(1,001)	(2,865)
Fair Value, Total	108,871	194,913
Unrealized Losses, Total	(3,138)	(7,223)
Fixed income securities [Member]
Less than 12 months Fair Value	14,555	60,066
Less than 12 months Unrealized Losses	(263)	(688)
Greater than 12 months Fair Value	79,043	114,626
Greater than 12 months Unrealized Losses	(902)	(2,714)
Fair Value, Total	93,598	174,692
Unrealized Losses, Total	(1,165)	(3,402)
Fixed income securities [Member] | U.S. Government and agencies [Member]
Less than 12 months Fair Value	450	2,593
Less than 12 months Unrealized Losses	(4)	(3)
Greater than 12 months Fair Value	3,631	7,523
Greater than 12 months Unrealized Losses	(40)	(130)
Fair Value, Total	4,081	10,116
Unrealized Losses, Total	(44)	(133)
Fixed income securities [Member] | Obligations of states and political subdivisions [Member]
Less than 12 months Fair Value	4,796	8,467
Less than 12 months Unrealized Losses	(84)	(119)
Greater than 12 months Fair Value	6,368	18,218
Greater than 12 months Unrealized Losses	(127)	(440)
Fair Value, Total	11,164	26,685
Unrealized Losses, Total	(211)	(559)
Fixed income securities [Member] | Corporate securities [Member]
Less than 12 months Fair Value	1,848	24,793
Less than 12 months Unrealized Losses	(7)	(266)
Greater than 12 months Fair Value	34,892	45,033
Greater than 12 months Unrealized Losses	(263)	(1,147)
Fair Value, Total	36,740	69,826
Unrealized Losses, Total	(270)	(1,413)
Fixed income securities [Member] | Residential mortgage-backed securities [Member]
Less than 12 months Fair Value	314	10,325
Less than 12 months Unrealized Losses	(1)	(62)
Greater than 12 months Fair Value	19,401	26,459
Greater than 12 months Unrealized Losses	(272)	(667)
Fair Value, Total	19,715	36,784
Unrealized Losses, Total	(273)	(729)
Fixed income securities [Member] | Commercial mortgage-backed securities [Member]
Less than 12 months Fair Value	2,298	5,980
Less than 12 months Unrealized Losses	(16)	(55)
Greater than 12 months Fair Value	5,316	7,117
Greater than 12 months Unrealized Losses	(125)	(215)
Fair Value, Total	7,614	13,097
Unrealized Losses, Total	(141)	(270)
Fixed income securities [Member] | Asset backed securities [Member]
Less than 12 months Fair Value	4,849	7,908
Less than 12 months Unrealized Losses	(151)	(183)
Greater than 12 months Fair Value	9,435	10,276
Greater than 12 months Unrealized Losses	(75)	(115)
Fair Value, Total	14,284	18,184
Unrealized Losses, Total	(226)	(298)
Equity Securities [Member]
Less than 12 months Fair Value	14,820	19,615
Less than 12 months Unrealized Losses	(1,874)	(3,670)
Greater than 12 months Fair Value	453	606
Greater than 12 months Unrealized Losses	(99)	(151)
Fair Value, Total	15,273	20,221
Unrealized Losses, Total	(1,973)	(3,821)
Equity Securities [Member] | Basic materials [Member]
Less than 12 months Fair Value	1,147	1,340
Less than 12 months Unrealized Losses	(64)	(187)
Greater than 12 months Fair Value
Greater than 12 months Unrealized Losses
Fair Value, Total	1,147	1,340
Unrealized Losses, Total	(64)	(187)
Equity Securities [Member] | Communications [Member]
Less than 12 months Fair Value	1,927	2,001
Less than 12 months Unrealized Losses	(299)	(378)
Greater than 12 months Fair Value	159	167
Greater than 12 months Unrealized Losses	(54)	(46)
Fair Value, Total	2,086	2,168
Unrealized Losses, Total	(353)	(424)
Equity Securities [Member] | Consumer, cyclical [Member]
Less than 12 months Fair Value	1,274	1,237
Less than 12 months Unrealized Losses	(144)	(167)
Greater than 12 months Fair Value
Greater than 12 months Unrealized Losses
Fair Value, Total	1,274	1,237
Unrealized Losses, Total	(144)	(167)
Equity Securities [Member] | Consumer, non-cyclical [Member]
Less than 12 months Fair Value	3,348	4,781
Less than 12 months Unrealized Losses	(506)	(899)
Greater than 12 months Fair Value		316
Greater than 12 months Unrealized Losses		(17)
Fair Value, Total	3,348	5,097
Unrealized Losses, Total	(506)	(916)
Equity Securities [Member] | Energy [Member]
Less than 12 months Fair Value	896	1,041
Less than 12 months Unrealized Losses	(127)	(289)
Greater than 12 months Fair Value
Greater than 12 months Unrealized Losses
Fair Value, Total	896	1,041
Unrealized Losses, Total	(127)	(289)
Equity Securities [Member] | Financial [Member]
Less than 12 months Fair Value	2,496	3,722
Less than 12 months Unrealized Losses	(321)	(549)
Greater than 12 months Fair Value	294
Greater than 12 months Unrealized Losses	(45)
Fair Value, Total	2,790	3,722
Unrealized Losses, Total	(366)	(549)
Equity Securities [Member] | Industrial [Member]
Less than 12 months Fair Value	1,404	2,281
Less than 12 months Unrealized Losses	(62)	(368)
Greater than 12 months Fair Value
Greater than 12 months Unrealized Losses
Fair Value, Total	1,404	2,281
Unrealized Losses, Total	(62)	(368)
Equity Securities [Member] | Technology [Member]
Less than 12 months Fair Value	2,328	3,212
Less than 12 months Unrealized Losses	(351)	(833)
Greater than 12 months Fair Value		123
Greater than 12 months Unrealized Losses		(88)
Fair Value, Total	2,328	3,335
Unrealized Losses, Total	$ (351)	$ (921)

Investments (Schedule of Net In

Investments (Schedule of Net Investment Income) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Total gross investment income	$ 2,308	$ 1,938
Investment expenses	565	569
Net investment income	1,743	1,369
Fixed income securities [Member]
Total gross investment income	1,976	1,599
Equity Securities [Member]
Total gross investment income	224	229
Real estate [Member]
Total gross investment income	91	91
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Member]
Total gross investment income	$ 17	$ 19

Investments (Schedule of compon

Investments (Schedule of components of Net realized capital gains on investments) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Gross realized gains	$ 701	$ 590
Gross realized losses, excluding other-than-temporary impairment losses	(142)	(121)
Net capital gain on investments	7,859	469
Change in net unrealized gain on equity securities	7,300
Net realized gain on investments	559	469
Fixed income securities [Member]
Gross realized gains	3	12
Gross realized losses, excluding other-than-temporary impairment losses	(30)	(49)
Equity Securities [Member]
Gross realized gains	698	578
Gross realized losses, excluding other-than-temporary impairment losses	$ (112)	$ (72)

Fair Value Measurements (Schedu

Fair Value Measurements (Schedule of assets, which are measured on a recurring basis) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Total fixed income securities	$ 260,824	$ 254,969
Total equity securities	57,106	48,498
Cash and cash equivalents	70,127	68,950	$ 25,209	$ 27,594
Total assets at fair value	388,057	372,417
U.S. Government and agencies [Member]
Total fixed income securities	17,029	19,208
Obligations of states and political subdivisions [Member]
Total fixed income securities	55,971	52,698
Corporate securities [Member]
Total fixed income securities	97,024	94,142
Residential mortgage-backed securities [Member]
Total fixed income securities	50,021	50,283
Commercial mortgage-backed securities [Member]
Total fixed income securities	19,486	19,315
Asset backed securities [Member]
Total fixed income securities	21,293	19,323
Basic materials [Member]
Total equity securities	1,486	1,340
Communications [Member]
Total equity securities	6,196	4,948
Consumer, cyclical [Member]
Total equity securities	9,043	7,611
Consumer, non-cyclical [Member]
Total equity securities	15,094	12,369
Energy [Member]
Total equity securities	1,617	1,341
Financial [Member]
Total equity securities	4,754	4,428
Industrial [Member]
Total equity securities	7,721	6,698
Technology [Member]
Total equity securities	11,195	9,763
Level I [Member]
Total fixed income securities
Total equity securities	57,106	48,498
Cash and cash equivalents	70,127	68,950
Total assets at fair value	127,233	117,448
Level I [Member] | U.S. Government and agencies [Member]
Total fixed income securities
Level I [Member] | Obligations of states and political subdivisions [Member]
Total fixed income securities
Level I [Member] | Corporate securities [Member]
Total fixed income securities
Level I [Member] | Residential mortgage-backed securities [Member]
Total fixed income securities
Level I [Member] | Commercial mortgage-backed securities [Member]
Total fixed income securities
Level I [Member] | Asset backed securities [Member]
Total fixed income securities
Level I [Member] | Basic materials [Member]
Total equity securities	1,486	1,340
Level I [Member] | Communications [Member]
Total equity securities	6,196	4,948
Level I [Member] | Consumer, cyclical [Member]
Total equity securities	9,043	7,611
Level I [Member] | Consumer, non-cyclical [Member]
Total equity securities	15,094	12,369
Level I [Member] | Energy [Member]
Total equity securities	1,617	1,341
Level I [Member] | Financial [Member]
Total equity securities	4,754	4,428
Level I [Member] | Industrial [Member]
Total equity securities	7,721	6,698
Level I [Member] | Technology [Member]
Total equity securities	11,195	9,763
Level II [Member]
Total fixed income securities	260,824	254,969
Total equity securities
Cash and cash equivalents
Total assets at fair value	260,824	254,969
Level II [Member] | U.S. Government and agencies [Member]
Total fixed income securities	17,029	19,208
Level II [Member] | Obligations of states and political subdivisions [Member]
Total fixed income securities	55,971	52,698
Level II [Member] | Corporate securities [Member]
Total fixed income securities	97,024	94,142
Level II [Member] | Residential mortgage-backed securities [Member]
Total fixed income securities	50,021	50,283
Level II [Member] | Commercial mortgage-backed securities [Member]
Total fixed income securities	19,486	19,315
Level II [Member] | Asset backed securities [Member]
Total fixed income securities	21,293	19,323
Level II [Member] | Basic materials [Member]
Total equity securities
Level II [Member] | Communications [Member]
Total equity securities
Level II [Member] | Consumer, cyclical [Member]
Total equity securities
Level II [Member] | Consumer, non-cyclical [Member]
Total equity securities
Level II [Member] | Energy [Member]
Total equity securities
Level II [Member] | Financial [Member]
Total equity securities
Level II [Member] | Industrial [Member]
Total equity securities
Level II [Member] | Technology [Member]
Total equity securities
Level III [Member]
Total fixed income securities
Total equity securities
Cash and cash equivalents
Total assets at fair value
Level III [Member] | U.S. Government and agencies [Member]
Total fixed income securities
Level III [Member] | Obligations of states and political subdivisions [Member]
Total fixed income securities
Level III [Member] | Corporate securities [Member]
Total fixed income securities
Level III [Member] | Residential mortgage-backed securities [Member]
Total fixed income securities
Level III [Member] | Commercial mortgage-backed securities [Member]
Total fixed income securities
Level III [Member] | Asset backed securities [Member]
Total fixed income securities
Level III [Member] | Basic materials [Member]
Total equity securities
Level III [Member] | Communications [Member]
Total equity securities
Level III [Member] | Consumer, cyclical [Member]
Total equity securities
Level III [Member] | Consumer, non-cyclical [Member]
Total equity securities
Level III [Member] | Energy [Member]
Total equity securities
Level III [Member] | Financial [Member]
Total equity securities
Level III [Member] | Industrial [Member]
Total equity securities
Level III [Member] | Technology [Member]
Total equity securities

Reinsurance (Narrative) (Detail

Reinsurance (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Reinsurance Retention Policy, Amount Retained	$ 10,000	$ 10,000	$ 10,000
Reinsurance Retention Policy, Excess Retention, Amount Reinsured	78,600	74,600	74,600
Retained risk amount	$ 10,000		$ 5,000
Ceded reinsurance commission percentage	100.00%
AM Best, B++ Rating [Member]
Reinsurance recoverables		$ 284

Reinsurance (Schedule of reconc

Reinsurance (Schedule of reconciliation of direct to net premiums on both a written and an earned basis) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Premiums Written
Direct premium	$ 55,653	$ 39,274
Assumed premium	1,029	1,283
Ceded premium	(2,773)	(2,319)
Net premiums	53,909	38,238
Premiums Earned
Direct premium	52,253	37,192
Assumed premium	1,026	1,239
Ceded premium	(2,773)	(2,319)
Net premiums	$ 50,506	$ 36,112
Percentage of assumed premium to net earned premium	2.00%	3.40%

Reinsurance (Schedule of reco_2

Reinsurance (Schedule of reconciliation of direct to net losses and loss adjustment expenses) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Reinsurance Disclosures [Abstract]
Direct losses and loss adjustment expenses	$ 26,631	$ 18,637
Assumed losses and loss adjustment expenses	443	589
Ceded losses and loss adjustment expenses	(840)	(377)
Net losses and loss adjustment expenses	$ 26,234	$ 18,849

Deferred Policy Acquisition C_3

Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs (Schedule of deferred policy acquisition costs) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs Disclosures [Abstract]
Balance, beginning of period	$ 12,866	$ 8,859
Deferral of policy acquisition costs	11,147	7,160
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	(9,222)	(7,039)
Balance, end of period	$ 14,791	$ 8,980

Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjust_3

Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses (Schedule of liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense, Activity in Liability [Abstract]
Liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expense	$ 87,121	$ 45,890
Reinsurance recoverables on losses	2,232	4,128
Net balance at beginning of period	84,889	41,762
Incurred related to:
Current year	31,203	18,773
Prior years	(4,969)	76
Total Incurred	26,234	18,849
Paid related to:
Current year	11,064	8,740
Prior years	17,642	11,138
Total paid	28,706	19,878
Liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses	85,560	43,863
Reinsurance ceded	3,143	3,130
Net balance at end of period	$ 82,417	$ 40,733

Property and Equipment (Details

Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Cost:	$ 17,974		$ 17,622
Accumulated depreciation	(10,731)		(10,643)
Total property and equipment, net	7,243		6,979
Depreciation expense	142	$ 139
Real estate [Member]
Cost:	$ 12,099		11,911
Real estate [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Estimated Useful Life	10 years
Real estate [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Estimated Useful Life	31 years
Electronic data processing equipment [Member]
Cost:	$ 1,344		1,286
Electronic data processing equipment [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Estimated Useful Life	5 years
Electronic data processing equipment [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Estimated Useful Life	7 years
Furniture and Fixtures [Member]
Cost:	$ 2,829		2,829
Furniture and Fixtures [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Estimated Useful Life	5 years
Furniture and Fixtures [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Estimated Useful Life	7 years
Automobiles [Member]
Cost:	$ 1,702		$ 1,596
Automobiles [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Estimated Useful Life	2 years
Automobiles [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Estimated Useful Life	3 years

Related Party Transactions (Nar

Related Party Transactions (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Payment of dividends			$ 17,588
NDFB [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Royalties	$ 324	$ 307
Accrued royalties	125		108
Battle Creek [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Related party revenues	$ 31	$ 38
Direct Auto Insurance Company [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Payment of dividends			$ 6,653

Related Party Transactions (Sch

Related Party Transactions (Schedule of impact of consolidating Battle Creek into our consolidated balance sheets) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Assets:
Accrued investment income		$ 1,865	$ 1,898
Property and equipment		7,243	6,979
Other assets		4,002	5,067
Total assets		477,287	458,492
Liabilities:
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses		85,560	87,121	$ 43,863
Unearned premiums		88,171	84,767	65,388
Reinsurance premiums payable		224
Total liabilities		183,832	182,739
Equity:
Non-controlling interest		3,344	3,263
Total equity		293,455	275,753	$ 258,649	$ 255,573
Total liabilities and equity		477,287	458,492
Battle Creek [Member]
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents (overdraft)		1,445	(818)
Investments		4,338	4,304
Premiums and agents' balances receivable		4,624	4,479
Reinsurance recoverables on losses	[1]	23,233	21,117
Accrued investment income		30	31
Deferred income tax asset, net		391	414
Property and equipment		358	356
Other assets		42	48
Total assets		34,461	29,931
Liabilities:
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses		8,362	6,579
Unearned premiums		14,871	14,538
Notes payable	[1]	3,000	3,000
Reinsurance premiums payable	[1]	3,953	972
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		931	1,579
Total liabilities		31,117	26,668
Equity:
Non-controlling interest		3,344	3,263
Total equity		3,344	3,263
Total liabilities and equity		$ 34,461	$ 29,931
[1]	Amount eliminated in consolidation.

Benefit Plans (Details)

Benefit Plans (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Company's Total contribution to the profit sharing plan		$ 199	$ 197
Company's total contributions to the 401(k) plan		139	140
Compensation expense		$ 94	103
ESOP shares were released and allocated				48,630
ESOP shares in suspense		191,370		191,370
Market price		$ 16
Fair value of unearned ESOP shares		$ 3,062
Debt from ESOP	$ 2,400
Debt term	10 years
Interest rate	2.79%
Percentage of ESOP in authorized shares	1.00%
Per share price	$ 10
Deferred compensation plan expenses		$ 13	$ 13
Minimum [Member]
Employee contribution in percentage		3.00%
Maximum [Member]
Employee contribution in percentage		50.00%

Line of Credit (Details)

Line of Credit (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019USD ($)
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Line of credit with Wells Fargo	$ 5,000
Line of credit expiration date	Dec. 31, 2019

Income Taxes (Narrative) (Detai

Income Taxes (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Unrecognized tax benefits
Interest and penalties
Battle Creek [Member]
Net operating loss carryover		$ 4,786
Expiration date	Dec. 31, 2030

Operating Leases (Details)

Operating Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Operating lease expenses	$ 75	$ 15
Primero Subsidiary Lease [Member]
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Lease expiration date	Dec. 31, 2023
Direct Auto Subsidiary Lease [Member]
Operating Leased Assets [Line Items]
Lease expiration date	Dec. 31, 2020

Operating Leases (Schedule of M

Operating Leases (Schedule of Minimum Future Commitments Under Non-Cancellable Leases) (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2019USD ($)
Leases, Operating [Abstract]
Remaining 2019	$ 301
2020	121
2021	60
2022	60
2023	$ 30

Common Stock (Narrative) (Detai

Common Stock (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	Feb. 28, 2018
Equity [Abstract]
Authorization for repurchase of shares value				$ 10,000
Shares repurchased	100		191,265
Shares repurchased, value	$ 2		$ 2,966

Common Stock (Schedule of chang

Common Stock (Schedule of changes in number of common stock) (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Equity [Abstract]
Shares outstanding, beginning of period	22,192,894	22,337,644	22,337,644
Treasury shares repurchased through stock repurchase authorization	(100)		(191,265)
Issuance of treasury shares for vesting of restricted stock units	16,705	15,200
Shares outstanding, end of period	22,209,499	22,352,844	22,192,894

Stock Based Compensation (Narra

Stock Based Compensation (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-Based Compensation	$ 617	$ 456
All award [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share issued	500,000
Shares granted	100,000
Outstanding, Aggregate Intrinsic Value	$ 1,000
All award [Member] | Director [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share granted not exceed	$ 100
Restricted Stock [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares granted	41,600		40,000
Vesting period	5 years
Total unrecognized compensation cost	$ 977
Total unrecognized compensation cost, weighted average period	3 years 10 months 21 days
Percentage of RSU granted to employees per year	20.00%
Percentage of RSU granted to non-employee directors per year	100.00%
Performance Stock Units [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares granted	62,400		48,600
Total unrecognized compensation cost	$ 1,603
Total unrecognized compensation cost, weighted average period	2 years 3 months 19 days

Stock Based Compensation (Sched

Stock Based Compensation (Schedule of Restricted Stock Outstanding) (Details) - Restricted Stock [Member] - $ / shares	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Shares
Units outstanding at Begning	73,880	65,500
RSUs granted during 2018	41,600	40,000
RSUs earned during 2018	(26,940)	(31,620)
Units outstanding at Ending	88,540	73,880
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share
Units outstanding at Begning	$ 16.87	$ 17.31
RSUs granted during 2019	15.21	16.25
RSUs earned during 2019	16.23	16.99
Units outstanding at Ending	$ 16.29	$ 16.87

Stock Based Compensation (Sch_2

Stock Based Compensation (Schedule of RSU activity) (Details) - Restricted Stock [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
RSU compensation expense	$ 319	$ 434
Income tax benefit	(67)	(91)
RSU compensation expense, net of income taxes	$ 252	$ 343

Stock Based Compensation (Sch_3

Stock Based Compensation (Schedule of Outstanding Performance Stock Units) (Details) - Performance Stock Units [Member] - $ / shares	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Shares
Units outstanding at Begning	48,600
Grants (at target)	62,400	48,600
Units outstanding at Ending	111,000	48,600
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Units outstanding at Begning	$ 16.25
Grants (at target)	15.21	16.25
Units outstanding at Ending	$ 15.27	$ 16.25

Stock Based Compensation (Sch_4

Stock Based Compensation (Schedule of PSU Activity) (Details) - Performance Stock Units [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
PSU compensation expense	$ 297	$ 22
Income tax benefit	(62)	(5)
PSU compensation expense, net of income taxes	$ 235	$ 17

Earnings Per Share (Details)

Earnings Per Share (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Weighted average shares outstanding	22,228,630	22,361,757
Net common shares outstanding	22,209,499		22,192,894
Common Stock [Member]
Net common shares outstanding

Earnings per Share (Schedule of

Earnings per Share (Schedule of Calculations of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share) (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018
Basic earnings per common share:
Net income attributable to NI Holdings, Inc.	$ 13,773	$ 6,122
Weighted average shares outstanding	22,228,630	22,361,757
Basic earnings per common share	$ 0.62	$ 0.27
Numerator:
Net income attributable to NI Holdings, Inc.	$ 13,773	$ 6,122
Denominator:
Number of shares used in basic computation	22,228,630	22,361,757
Weighted average effect of dilutive securities
Add: Restricted stock units and performance share units	50,149	12,299
Number of shares used in per share computations	22,278,779	22,374,056
Diluted earnings per common share	$ 0.62	$ 0.27

Segment Information (Schedule o

Segment Information (Schedule of revenue by insurance product line) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2019	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Direct premiums earned	$ 52,253	$ 37,192
Assumed premiums earned	1,026	1,239
Ceded premiums earned	(2,773)	(2,319)
Net premiums earned	50,506	36,112
Direct losses and LAE	26,631	18,637
Assumed losses and LAE	443	589
Ceded losses and LAE	(840)	(377)
Net losses and LAE	26,234	18,849
Gross margin	24,272	17,263
Underwriting and general expenses	16,694	11,877
Underwriting gain (loss)	7,578	5,386
Fee and other income	464	377
Net investment income	1,743	1,369
Net realized capital gain on investments	7,859	469
Income loss before income taxes	17,644	7,601
Income taxes (benefit)	3,848	1,449
Net income (loss)	13,796	6,152
Net income loss attributable to non-controlling interest	23	30
Net income attributable to NI Holdings, Inc.	$ 13,773	$ 6,122
Non-GAAP Ratios:
Loss and LAE ratio	51.90%	52.20%
Expense ratio	33.10%	32.90%
Combined ratio	85.00%	85.10%
Premiums and agents balances receivable	$ 38,502	$ 26,968	$ 34,287
Deferred policy acquisition costs	14,791	8,980	12,866	$ 8,859
Reinsurance recoverables	3,143	3,130	2,232
Receivable from Federal Crop Insurance Corporation	14,282	9,735	16,169
Goodwill and other intangibles	3,488	2,628	4,623
Unpaid losses and LAE	85,560	43,863	87,121
Unearned premiums	88,171	65,388	$ 84,767
Private Passenger Auto [Member]
Direct premiums earned	16,944	15,580
Assumed premiums earned	4	4
Ceded premiums earned	(856)	(759)
Net premiums earned	16,092	14,825
Direct losses and LAE	10,102	10,187
Assumed losses and LAE	49
Ceded losses and LAE	(46)	(65)
Net losses and LAE	10,105	10,122
Gross margin	5,987	4,703
Underwriting and general expenses	4,750	4,419
Underwriting gain (loss)	$ 1,237	$ 284
Non-GAAP Ratios:
Loss and LAE ratio	62.80%	68.30%
Expense ratio	29.50%	29.80%
Combined ratio	92.30%	98.10%
Premiums and agents balances receivable	$ 17,561	$ 16,043
Deferred policy acquisition costs	3,925	3,481
Reinsurance recoverables	177	383
Receivable from Federal Crop Insurance Corporation
Goodwill and other intangibles
Unpaid losses and LAE	17,737	17,824
Unearned premiums	27,110	25,380
Non Standard Auto [Member]
Direct premiums earned	14,591	2,991
Assumed premiums earned
Ceded premiums earned
Net premiums earned	14,591	2,991
Direct losses and LAE	7,156	1,964
Assumed losses and LAE
Ceded losses and LAE
Net losses and LAE	7,156	1,964
Gross margin	7,435	1,027
Underwriting and general expenses	5,478	1,036
Underwriting gain (loss)	1,957	(9)
Fee and other income	470	$ 322
Other income net	$ 2,427
Non-GAAP Ratios:
Loss and LAE ratio	49.00%	65.70%
Expense ratio	37.50%	34.60%
Combined ratio	86.60%	100.30%
Premiums and agents balances receivable	$ 9,978	$ 1,251
Deferred policy acquisition costs	4,816	343
Reinsurance recoverables
Receivable from Federal Crop Insurance Corporation
Goodwill and other intangibles	3,488	2,628
Unpaid losses and LAE	46,641	5,339
Unearned premiums	18,845	1,981
Home and Farm [Member]
Direct premiums earned	18,533	16,620
Assumed premiums earned	(4)	(5)
Ceded premiums earned	(1,740)	(1,497)
Net premiums earned	16,789	15,118
Direct losses and LAE	8,256	5,416
Assumed losses and LAE	(254)	13
Ceded losses and LAE	8,002	(107)
Net losses and LAE	8,787	5,322
Gross margin	5,202	9,796
Underwriting and general expenses	$ 3,585	4,954
Underwriting gain (loss)		$ 4,842
Non-GAAP Ratios:
Loss and LAE ratio	47.70%	35.20%
Expense ratio	31.00%	32.80%
Combined ratio	78.60%	68.00%
Premiums and agents balances receivable	$ 9,424	$ 8,393
Deferred policy acquisition costs	5,452	4,634
Reinsurance recoverables	916	713
Receivable from Federal Crop Insurance Corporation
Goodwill and other intangibles
Unpaid losses and LAE	12,061	10,124
Unearned premiums	37,476	33,528
Crop [Member]
Direct premiums earned	12	(1)
Assumed premiums earned
Ceded premiums earned	(1)	102
Net premiums earned	11	101
Direct losses and LAE	(486)	339
Assumed losses and LAE
Ceded losses and LAE	460	(24)
Net losses and LAE	(26)	315
Gross margin	37	(214)
Underwriting and general expenses	331	488
Underwriting gain (loss)	(294)	(702)
Non-GAAP Ratios:
Premiums and agents balances receivable	12
Deferred policy acquisition costs
Reinsurance recoverables	108	19
Receivable from Federal Crop Insurance Corporation	14,282	9,735
Goodwill and other intangibles
Unpaid losses and LAE	621	160
Unearned premiums
All Other [Member]
Direct premiums earned	2,172	2,002
Assumed premiums earned	1,026	1,240
Ceded premiums earned	(175)	(165)
Net premiums earned	3,023	3,077
Direct losses and LAE	1,603	731
Assumed losses and LAE	394	576
Ceded losses and LAE	(1,000)	(181)
Net losses and LAE	997	1,126
Gross margin	2,026	1,951
Underwriting and general expenses	933	980
Underwriting gain (loss)	$ 1,093	$ 971
Non-GAAP Ratios:
Loss and LAE ratio	33.00%	36.60%
Expense ratio	30.90%	31.80%
Combined ratio	63.80%	68.40%
Premiums and agents balances receivable	$ 1,527	$ 1,281
Deferred policy acquisition costs	598	522
Reinsurance recoverables	1,942	2,015
Receivable from Federal Crop Insurance Corporation
Goodwill and other intangibles
Unpaid losses and LAE	8,500	10,416
Unearned premiums	$ 4,740	$ 4,499