Going Concern and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Note 2 – Going Concern and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Since the date of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, there have been no material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies, except as disclosed below. Going Concern As of June 30, 2023, the Company had cash and cash equivalents in the aggregate amount of approximately $17.5 million. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred net losses of approximately $12.0 million and $14.6 million, respectively, and used cash in operations of approximately $11.7 million and $12.9 million, respectively. The Company does not have recurring revenue, has not yet achieved profitability and may never become profitable. The Company expects to continue to incur cash outflows from operations. Research and development and general and administrative expenses will continue to be incurred by the Company and, as a result, the Company will eventually need to generate significant product revenues to achieve profitability. These circumstances raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for at least one year from the date that these financial statements are issued. Implementation of the Company’s plans and its ability to continue as a going concern will depend upon the Company’s ability to raise further capital through licensing transactions, the sale of additional equity or debt securities, or otherwise, to support its future operations. The Company’s operating needs include the planned costs to operate its business, including amounts required to fund working capital and capital expenditures. The Company’s future capital requirements and the adequacy of its available funds will depend on many factors, including the Company’s ability to successfully commercialize its products and services, competing technological and market developments, and the need to enter into collaborations with other companies or acquire other companies or technologies to enhance or complement its product and service offerings. If the Company is unable to secure additional capital, it may be required to curtail its research and development initiatives and/or take additional measures to reduce general and administrative and sales and marketing costs in order to conserve its cash. Reclassifications Certain prior period amounts presented on the Company’s financial statements have been reclassified in order to conform to current period presentation. These reclassifications have no effect on previously reported results of operations or loss per share. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents in the financial statements.As of June 30, 2023, the Company had Treasury bills with original maturity dates of three months or less in the amount of $4,493,766. The Company has cash deposits in a financial institution that, at times, may be in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance limits. The Company has not experienced losses in such accounts and periodically evaluates the creditworthiness of its financial institutions. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had cash balances in excess of FDIC insurance limits of $12,474,323 and $22,613,520, respectively. Net Loss Per Common Share Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period plus fully vested shares that are subject to issuance for little or no monetary consideration. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other instruments to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock. The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted net loss per common share: For the Three Months Ended For the Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 Numerator: Net loss attributable to common stockholders $ (6,215,860) $ (7,239,100) $ (11,955,226) $ (14,578,765) Denominator (weighted average quantities): Common shares issued 38,064,215 31,669,431 37,724,083 31,089,811 Add: Prefunded warrants — 1,870,130 — 671,594 Add: Undelivered vested restricted shares 29,611 105,306 29,611 75,177 Denominator for basic and diluted net loss per share 38,093,826 33,644,867 37,753,694 31,836,582 Basic and diluted net loss per common share $ (0.16) $ (0.22) $ (0.32) $ (0.46) The following securities are excluded from the calculation of weighted average diluted common shares because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive: June 30, 2023 2022 Options 5,185,078 4,926,750 Warrants 6,087,845 6,087,845 Convertible notes 2,327,747 — Restricted stock units 86,205 111,110 Total potentially dilutive shares 13,686,875 11,125,705 Clinical Supply Arrangements Bausch + Lomb, Inc. (“B+L”) and Arctic Vision (Hong Kong) Limited (“Arctic Vision”) have contracted with the Company to manufacture and supply them with the appropriate drug-device combination products to conduct their clinical trials on a cost plus 10% mark-up basis. The Company’s licensing agreements with Bausch + Lomb and Arctic Vision represent collaborative arrangements and they are not a customer with respect to the clinical supply arrangements. The Company’s policy is to (a) defer the materials and manufacturing costs in order to properly match them up against the income from the clinical supply arrangements; and (b) to report the net income from the clinical supply arrangements as other income. Recently Adopted Accounting Standards In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326)” and also issued subsequent amendments to the initial guidance under ASU 2018-19, ASU 2019-04 and ASU 2019-05 (collectively, “Topic 326”). Topic 326 requires the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost. This replaces the existing incurred loss model with an expected loss model and requires the use of forward-looking information to calculate credit loss estimates. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2023. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, “Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20)” and “Derivatives and Hedging— Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity”, to clarify the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. The amendments in this update reduce the number of accounting models for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock by removing the cash conversion model and the beneficial conversion feature model. Limiting the accounting models will result in fewer embedded conversion features being separately recognized from the host contract. Convertible instruments that continue to be subject to separation models are (1) those with embedded conversion features that are not clearly and closely related to the host contract, that meet the definition of a derivative, and that do not qualify for a scope exception from derivative accounting and (2) convertible debt instruments issued with substantial premiums for which the premiums are recorded as paid-in-capital. In addition, ASU 2020-06 improves disclosure requirements for convertible instruments and earnings-per-share guidance. ASU 2020-06 also revises the derivative scope exception guidance to reduce form-over-substance-based accounting conclusions driven by remote contingent events. The amendments in this update are effective for the Company in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company early adopted ASU 2020-06 effective January 1, 2023 which eliminates the need to assess whether a beneficial conversion feature needs to be recognized upon the issuance of new convertible instruments. The adoption of ASU 2020-06 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. |