Significant Accounting Policies and Related Matters | Significant Accounting Policies and Related Matters Use of Estimates In the course of preparing the consolidated and combined financial statements, management makes various assumptions, judgments and estimates to determine the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and in the disclosures of commitments and contingencies. Changes in these assumptions, judgments and estimates will occur as a result of the passage of time and the occurrence of future events. Although management believes these estimates are reasonable, actual results could differ from these estimates. Estimates made in preparing these consolidated and combined financial statements include, among other things, (1) estimates of oil and natural gas reserve quantities, which impact depreciation, depletion and amortization and impairment of oil and natural gas properties, (2) operating and capital costs accrued, (3) estimates of timing and costs used in calculating asset retirement obligations, (4) estimates of the fair value of equity-based compensation, (5) estimates used in developing fair value assumptions and estimates, (6) estimates of deferred income taxes and (7) estimates and assumptions used in the disclosure of commitments and contingencies. Changes in estimates, assumptions or actual results could have a significant impact on results in future periods. Fair Value Measurements The Company’s financial instruments are measured at estimated fair value, and consist of derivative instruments, cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable and accrued expenses. The Company’s derivative instruments are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The carrying amounts of the Company’s other financial instruments are considered to be representative of their fair market value due to their short-term nature. The Company also applies fair value accounting guidance to measure nonfinancial assets and liabilities, such as the acquisition or impairment of oil and gas properties and the inception value of asset retirement obligations. These assets and liabilities are subject to fair value adjustments only in certain circumstances and are not subject to recurring revaluations. See Note 4, Fair Value Measurements , for further discussion. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company’s cash balances held at commercial banks may at times exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limit. The Company has not experienced any credit losses to date. Revenue Recognition Revenue is recognized when production is delivered to a purchaser at a fixed and/or determinable price, title has transferred and the collectability of the revenue is probable. Oil, natural gas and NGL revenue is recorded using the sales method. Under the sales method, revenues are based on actual sales volumes of commodities sold to purchasers. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , the Company had no assets or liabilities recorded for oil, natural gas or NGL imbalances. Accounts Receivable The Company’s accounts receivable are generated primarily from the sale of oil, natural gas and NGLs to various customers, from the billing of working interest partners for work on wells the Company operates, and from derivative settlements receivable shortly after the balance sheet date. The Company monitors the financial strength of its customers, partners, and counterparties. At December 31, 2017 and 2016 , the Company did not have any reserves for doubtful accounts and did not incur any bad debt expense in any period presented. At December 31, 2017 and 2016 , accounts receivable was comprised of the following: December 31, (in thousands) 2017 2016 Oil and gas sales $ 42,869 $ 8,861 Joint interest 7,860 580 Other 5 886 Total accounts receivable $ 50,734 $ 10,327 Significant Customers The Company’s share of oil, natural gas and NGL production is sold to a relatively small number of customers. The loss of any single purchaser could materially and adversely affect the Company’s revenues in the short-term; however, the Company believes that the loss of any of its purchasers would not have a long-term material adverse effect on its financial condition and results of operations as oil and natural gas are fungible products with well-established markets and numerous purchasers. The following purchasers individually accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s total production revenue during the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 : Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 Trafigura Trading, LLC 78 % 57 % — % Sunoco Partners Marketing 11 % 31 % 68 % Shell Trading (US) Company — % — % 21 % Other Current Assets The components of other current assets are shown below: December 31, (in thousands) 2017 2016 Prepaid expenses $ 607 $ 255 Deferred offering costs — 2,642 Other current assets 199 515 Total other current assets $ 806 $ 3,412 Incremental costs directly related to the IPO were capitalized as deferred offering costs within other current assets until the IPO, at which point these costs were offset against the proceeds received. Derivative Instruments The Company uses commodity derivative instruments to manage its exposure to oil and natural gas price volatility. All of the commodity derivative instruments are utilized to manage price risk attributable to the Company’s expected oil and natural gas production, and the Company does not enter into such instruments for speculative trading purposes. The Company does not designate any derivative instruments as hedges for accounting purposes. The Company records all derivative instruments on the balance sheet as either assets or liabilities measured at their estimated fair value. The Company records gains and losses from the change in fair value of derivative instruments in current earnings as they occur. The Company currently does not utilize any derivative instruments to manage exposure to variable interest rates, but may do so in the future. The cash flow impact of the Company’s derivative activities is reflected as cash flows from operating activities. See Note 3 , Derivative Instruments , for a more detailed discussion of the Company’s derivative activities. Oil and Natural Gas Properties A summary of the Company’s oil and natural gas properties, net is as follows: December 31, (in thousands) 2017 2016 Proved oil and natural gas properties $ 1,012,321 $ 375,129 Unproved oil and natural gas properties 183,510 155,992 Total oil and natural gas properties 1,195,831 531,121 Less: Accumulated depletion (166,592 ) (57,529 ) Total oil and natural gas properties, net $ 1,029,239 $ 473,592 Proved Oil and Natural Gas Properties The Company accounts for its oil and natural gas exploration and development costs using the successful efforts method. Under this method, all costs incurred related to the acquisition of oil and natural gas properties and the costs of drilling development wells and successful exploratory wells are capitalized, while the costs of unsuccessful exploratory wells are expensed when the well is determined not to have recoverable reserves in commercial quantities. Other items charged to expense generally include lease and well operating costs and delay rentals. Geological and geophysical costs directly related to developing proved properties are capitalized. The sale of a partial interest in a proved property is accounted for as a cost recovery, and no gain or loss is recognized as long as this treatment does not significantly affect the units of production amortization rate. Capitalized leasehold costs attributable to proved properties are depleted using the units-of-production method based on proved reserves on a field basis. Capitalized well costs, including asset retirement costs, are depleted based on proved developed reserves on a field basis. For the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , the Company recorded depletion for oil and natural gas properties of $109.2 million , $39.4 million and $22.2 million , respectively. Depletion expense is included in depletion, depreciation, amortization and accretion expense on the accompanying consolidated and combined statements of operations. Proved oil and natural gas properties are reviewed for impairment when facts and circumstances indicate their carrying value may not be recoverable. The Company estimates the expected future cash flows of oil and natural gas properties and compares these undiscounted cash flows to the carrying amount of the oil and natural gas properties to determine if the carrying amount is recoverable. If the carrying amount exceeds the estimated undiscounted future cash flows, the Company will write down the carrying amount of the oil and natural gas properties to estimated fair value. The factors used to determine fair value may include, but are not limited to, estimates of reserves, future commodity prices, future production estimates, estimated future capital expenditures and a commensurate discount rate. These assumptions and estimates represent Level 3 inputs, as further discussed in Note 4, Fair Value Measurements . The Company did no t record any impairment expenses associated with its proved properties during the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 . Unproved Oil and Natural Gas Properties Unproved oil and natural gas properties consist of costs to acquire undeveloped leases and unproved reserves, and are capitalized when incurred. When a successful well is drilled on an undeveloped leasehold or reserves are otherwise attributed to a property, unproved property costs are transferred to proved properties. Proceeds from sales of partial interests in unproved properties are accounted for as a recovery of cost without recognition of any gain or loss until the cost has been recovered. Unproved properties are periodically assessed for impairment on a property-by-property basis. The Company evaluates significant unproved properties for impairment based on remaining lease term, drilling results, reservoir performance, seismic interpretation or future plans to develop acreage, and records impairment expense for any decline in value. Impairment of unproved properties for leases which have expired, or are expected to expire, was $0.4 million , $0.4 million and $6.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively. Additionally, during 2016 the Company incurred dry hole costs of $1.2 million related to a vertical test well drilled to an unproductive shallow horizon. There were no dry hole costs incurred in 2017 or 2015. Impairments are presented within impairment of unproved oil and natural gas properties, while dry hole costs are presented within exploration expenses on the consolidated and combined statements of operations. Oil and Natural Gas Reserves The estimates of proved oil and natural gas reserves utilized in the preparation of the financial statements are estimated in accordance with the rules established by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). The Company’s annual reserve estimates were prepared by third-party petroleum engineers. Reserve estimates are inherently imprecise. Accordingly, the estimates are expected to change as more current information becomes available. It is possible that, because of changes in market conditions or the inherent imprecision of reserve estimates, the estimates of future cash flows, future gross revenue, the amount of oil and natural gas reserves, the remaining estimated lives of oil and natural gas properties, or any combination of the above may be increased or reduced. Increases in recoverable economic volumes generally reduce per unit depletion rates while decreases in recoverable economic volumes generally increase per unit depletion rates. See “Supplemental Oil and Natural Gas Disclosures (Unaudited)” following these Notes for a more detailed discussion of the Company’s oil and natural gas reserves. Other Property and Equipment The following table presents the components of other property and equipment, net: December 31, (in thousands) 2017 2016 Other property and equipment $ 12,167 $ 4,760 Less: Accumulated depreciation (2,459 ) (1,759 ) Total other property and equipment, net $ 9,708 $ 3,001 Other property and equipment includes equipment used in drilling and completion activities, the Company’s field office, leasehold improvements, vehicles, IT hardware and software and office furniture, and is recorded at cost. Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives, which range from 2 to 20 years. Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 was $1.7 million , $0.9 million and $0.4 million , respectively. When property and equipment is sold or retired, the capitalized costs and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounting records. Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs The Company incurred legal and bank fees in connection with obtaining its senior secured revolving credit facility and incurs such fees when increasing bank commitments in conjunction with redetermining an increase in its borrowing base. These costs are stated on the consolidated and combined balance sheets as noncurrent assets at cost, net of amortization, which is computed over the life of the credit facility using the straight-line method and recognized as interest expense on the consolidated and combined statements of operations. Other Noncurrent Assets At December 31, 2017 , other noncurrent assets primarily consists of deposits for office space leases. At December 31, 2016 , other noncurrent assets included a $14.7 million cash advance to management incentive unit advance recipients. The advance was recognized on the consolidated and combined statements of operations as equity-based compensation expense upon the IPO, which was considered a vesting event. See Note 6 , Equity-based Compensation , for more information on the management incentive unit advance. Accrued Liabilities The components of accrued liabilities are shown below: December 31, (in thousands) 2017 2016 Accrued capital expenditures $ 102,956 $ 28,490 Accrued accounts payable 8,488 3,312 Royalties payable 6,105 2,653 Other current liabilities 14,762 4,770 Total accrued liabilities $ 132,311 $ 39,225 Asset Retirement Obligations The Company records a liability for the fair value of an asset retirement obligation (“ARO”) related to future costs associated with the plugging and abandonment of oil and natural gas wells, removal of equipment and facilities from leased acreage and restoration in accordance with local, state and federal laws. The discounted fair value of an ARO liability is required to be recognized in the period in which it is incurred, with the associated asset retirement cost capitalized in proved oil and natural gas property costs as part of the carrying cost of the oil and natural gas asset, and depleted over the life of the asset. The recognition of the ARO requires management to make numerous assumptions regarding such factors as the estimated probabilities, amounts and timing of settlements, credit-adjusted risk-free discount rates and inflation rates. Revisions to estimated ARO can result from changes in working interest, retirement cost estimates and estimated timing of abandonment. The ARO liability is accreted at the end of each period through charges to accretion expense, which is included in the statements of operations within depletion, depreciation, amortization and accretion expense. Equity-based Compensation The Company recognizes compensation cost related to equity-based awards granted to employees, members of the Company’s board of directors and non-employee contractors in the financial statements based on their estimated grant-date fair value. The Company may grant various types of equity-based awards including stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units (including awards with service-based vesting and market condition-based vesting provisions), stock awards, dividend equivalents and other types of awards. Service-based restricted stock and units are valued using the market price of Jagged Peak’s common stock on the grant date. The fair value of the market condition-based restricted stock units is based on the grant-date fair value of the award utilizing a Monte Carlo valuation model. Compensation cost is recognized ratably over the applicable vesting period, and is recognized in general and administrative expense on the consolidated and combined statements of operations. The Company has elected to account for forfeitures in compensation expense as they occur. Equity-based compensation arrangements to nonemployees are recognized as expense over the related service period and are subject to remeasurement at the end of each reporting period until they vest. Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and income tax basis of assets and liabilities and the expected benefits of utilizing net operating losses, interest expense and tax credit carryforwards, using enacted tax rates in effect for the taxing jurisdiction in which the Company operates for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Unrecognized tax benefits represent potential future tax obligations for uncertain tax positions taken on previously filed tax returns that may not ultimately be sustained. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. The Company classifies all deferred tax assets and liabilities as noncurrent. The Company recognizes the financial statement effects of a tax position when it is more likely than not, based on technical merits, that the position will be sustained upon examination. The Company periodically assesses the realizability of its deferred tax assets by considering whether it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company considers all available positive and negative evidence when determining whether a valuation allowance is required. In making this assessment, the Company evaluates possible sources of taxable income that may be available to realize the deferred tax assets, including projected future taxable income, the reversal of existing temporary differences available and tax planning strategies. Deferred tax assets are then reduced by a valuation allowance if the Company believes it is more likely than not such deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company’s accounting predecessor, JPE LLC, was treated as a partnership for federal and state income tax purposes. Accordingly, the accompanying consolidated and combined financial statements do not include a provision or liability for income taxes prior to the corporate reorganization. Earnings per Share The Company uses the treasury stock method to determine the potential dilutive effect of restricted stock units and performance stock units. Defined Contribution Plan The Company sponsors a 401(k) defined contribution plan for the benefit of all employees at their date of hire. The plan allows eligible employees to contribute a portion of their annual compensation, not to exceed annual limits established by the federal government. The Company makes matching contributions for participating employees up to a certain percentage of the employee contributions. Matching contributions totaled approximately $0.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2017 , and $0.2 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 . Benefits under this plan are available to all employees, and employees are fully vested in the employer contribution upon receipt. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) , which outlines a new, single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. This new revenue recognition model provides a five-step analysis in determining when and how revenue is recognized. The new guidance requires companies to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration a company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-11, which rescinds the SEC accounting guidance regarding the use of the entitlements method for recognition of natural gas revenues. The standards can be adopted using either a full retrospective method or a modified retrospective method, as outlined in ASU 2014-09. The new standards became effective for the Company on January 1, 2018, and the Company has elected to adopt it using the modified retrospective method. The Company evaluated its existing contracts and determined it will not be required to record a cumulative effect adjustment as the new standards did not have a material impact compared to the Company’s current use of the sales method, which is generally consistent with the new standards. The Company implemented the necessary changes to its business processes, systems and controls to support recognition and disclosure of this new standard. While the Company does not expect 2018 net income (loss) or cash flows from operations to be impacted by revenue recognition timing changes, there will be certain changes to the presentation of revenues and related expenses beginning January 1, 2018. If the new standard had been in effect for previous periods, all gathering and transportation expenses would have been included as a reduction to natural gas and NGL sales. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) , which requires all leases with a term greater than one year to be recognized on the balance sheet as right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. This ASU retains a distinction between finance and operating leases concerning the recognition and presentation of the expense and payments related to leases in the statements of operations and cash flows. The Company will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective approach. The Company is in process of evaluating the impact of this new standard, which includes an analysis of existing contracts, including drilling rig and frac fleet contracts, office leases and certain field equipment. The Company is also evaluating the effect of ASU 2016-02 on its current accounting policies and disclosures. The Company believes that adopting the standard will result in increases to the assets and liabilities on its consolidated and combined balance sheets, and changes to the timing and presentation of certain operating expenses on its consolidated and combined statements of operations. The update does not apply to leases of mineral rights to explore for or use oil and natural gas. In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-01, Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842 , which permits an entity to elect an optional transition practical expedient to not evaluate land easements that exist or expire before the Company's adoption of Topic 842 and that were not previously accounted for as leases under Topic 840. The Company intends to elect this transition provision. The Company continues to monitor relevant industry guidance regarding the implementation of ASU 2016-02 and will adjust its implementation strategies as necessary. In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718) Scope of Modification Accounting . The ASU clarifies which changes to the terms or conditions of an equity-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. The standard became effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. The impact of this new standard will depend on the extent and nature of future changes to the terms of Company's equity-based payment awards. |