Significant Accounting Policies and Related Matters | Significant Accounting Policies and Related Matters Use of Estimates In the course of preparing the consolidated and combined financial statements, management makes various assumptions, judgments and estimates to determine the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and in the disclosures of commitments and contingencies. Changes in these assumptions, judgments and estimates will occur as a result of the passage of time and the occurrence of future events. Although management believes these estimates are reasonable, actual results could differ from these estimates. Estimates made in preparing these consolidated and combined financial statements include, among other things, (1) estimates of oil and natural gas reserve quantities, which impact depreciation, depletion and amortization and impairment of proved oil and natural gas properties, (2) accrued operating and capital costs, (3) estimates of timing and costs used in calculating asset retirement obligations, (4) estimates of the fair value of equity-based compensation, (5) assumptions and estimates used in the calculation of fair value, (6) estimates of deferred income taxes and (7) estimates and assumptions used in the disclosure of commitments and contingencies. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could have a significant impact on results in future periods. Fair Value Measurements The Company’s financial instruments consist of derivative instruments, cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, the senior secured revolving credit facility and the Company’s 5.875% senior unsecured notes. The Company’s derivative instruments are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, while the senior secured revolving credit facility and the senior unsecured notes are not recorded at fair value on the consolidated and combined balance sheets. The carrying amounts of the Company’s other financial instruments are considered to be representative of their fair values due to the nature of and short-term maturities of those instruments. The Company also applies fair value accounting guidance to measure nonfinancial assets and liabilities, such as the acquisition or impairment of oil and gas properties and the inception value of asset retirement obligations. These assets and liabilities are subject to fair value adjustments only in certain circumstances and are not subject to recurring revaluations. See Note 9 , Fair Value Measurements , for further discussion. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company’s cash balances held at commercial banks may at times exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limit. The Company has not experienced any credit losses to date. Revenue Recognition On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers , (“ASC 606”) using the modified retrospective approach, which only applied to contracts that were in effect as of the date of adoption. The adoption did not require an adjustment to opening retained earnings for the cumulative effect adjustment and did not impact the Company’s previously reported results of operations, nor its ongoing consolidated and combined balance sheets, statements of cash flow or statements of changes in equity. Under ASC 606, oil, natural gas and NGL sales revenues are recognized when control of the product is transferred to the customer, the performance obligations under the terms of the contracts with customers are satisfied and collectability is reasonably assured. All of the Company’s oil, natural gas and NGL sales are made under contracts with customers. The performance obligations for the Company’s contracts with customers are satisfied at a point in time through the delivery of oil and natural gas to its customers. Accordingly, the Company’s contracts do not give rise to contract assets or liabilities. The Company typically receives payment for oil, natural gas and NGL sales within 30 days of the month of delivery. The Company’s contracts for oil, natural gas and NGL sales are standard industry contracts that include variable consideration based on the monthly index price and adjustments that may include counterparty-specific provisions related to volumes, price differentials, discounts and other adjustments and deductions. Under the Company’s current gas processing contracts, it delivers natural gas to a purchaser at or near the wellhead. For these contracts, the Company has concluded the purchaser is the customer, and as such, the Company recognizes natural gas and NGL revenues based on the net amount of proceeds it receives from the purchaser. The Company’s product types are as follows: Oil Sales . Under the Company’s oil sales contracts, the Company generally sells oil to the purchaser at or near the wellhead, and collects a contractually agreed upon index price, net of pricing and gathering and transportation differentials. The Company transfers control of the product to the purchaser at or near the wellhead and recognizes revenue based on the net price received. Natural Gas and NGL Sales . Under the Company’s natural gas sales contracts, the Company delivers and transfers control of natural gas to the purchaser at delivery points at or near the wellhead. The purchaser gathers and processes the natural gas and sells the resulting residue gas and NGLs. The Company receives its contractual portion of the proceeds for the sale of the residue gas and NGLs at an agreed upon index price, net of pricing differentials and applicable selling expenses including gathering, processing and fractionation costs. The Company recognizes revenue at the net price when control transfers to the purchaser. The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which the variable consideration is allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation, as allowed under ASC 606. Under the Company’s oil, natural gas and NGL sales contracts, each unit of product delivered to the customer represents a separate performance obligation; therefore, future volumes are wholly unsatisfied and disclosure of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations is not required. Disaggregation of Revenue The Company’s oil, natural gas and NGL sales revenues represent substantially all of its revenues, and are derived from the sale of oil, natural gas and NGL production within the Permian Basin. The Company believes the disaggregation of revenues into the three product types of oil sales, natural gas sales and NGL sales, as seen on the consolidated and combined statements of operations, is an appropriate level of detail for its primary activity. Accounts Receivable The Company’s accounts receivable are generated primarily from the sale of oil, natural gas and NGLs to various customers, from the billing of working interest partners for work on wells the Company operates, and from derivative settlements receivable shortly after the balance sheet date. The Company monitors the financial strength of its customers, partners, and counterparties. At December 31, 2018 and 2017 , the Company did not have any reserves for doubtful accounts and did not incur any bad debt expense in any period presented. At December 31, 2018 and 2017 , accounts receivable was comprised of the following: December 31, (in thousands) 2018 2017 Oil and gas sales $ 40,465 $ 42,869 Joint interest 14,058 7,860 Other 6,663 5 Total accounts receivable $ 61,186 $ 50,734 Significant Customers The Company’s share of oil, natural gas and NGL production relates to its operations in the southern Delaware Basin and is sold to a relatively small number of customers. The loss of any single purchaser could materially and adversely affect the Company’s revenues in the short-term; however, the Company believes that the loss of any of its purchasers would not have a long-term material adverse effect on its financial condition and results of operations, as oil and natural gas are fungible products with well-established markets and numerous purchasers. The following purchasers individually accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s total production revenue during the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 : Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 Trafigura Trading, LLC 85 % 78 % 57 % Sunoco Partners Marketing 2 % 11 % 31 % Other Current Assets The components of other current assets are shown below: December 31, (in thousands) 2018 2017 Prepaid expenses $ 1,626 $ 607 Other current assets 1 199 Total other current assets $ 1,627 $ 806 Derivative Instruments The Company uses commodity derivative instruments to manage its exposure to oil and natural gas price volatility. All of the commodity derivative instruments are utilized to manage price risk attributable to the Company’s expected oil production, and the Company does not enter into such instruments for speculative trading purposes. The Company does not designate any derivative instruments as hedges for accounting purposes. The Company records all derivative instruments on the balance sheet as either assets or liabilities measured at their estimated fair value. The Company records gains and losses from the change in fair value of derivative instruments in current earnings as they occur. The Company currently does not utilize any derivative instruments to manage exposure to variable interest rates, but may do so in the future. The cash flow impact of the Company’s derivative activities is reflected as cash flows from operating activities. See Note 3 , Derivative Instruments , for a more detailed discussion of the Company’s derivative activities. Oil and Natural Gas Properties A summary of the Company’s oil and natural gas properties, net is as follows: December 31, (in thousands) 2018 2017 Proved oil and natural gas properties $ 1,746,766 $ 1,012,321 Unproved oil and natural gas properties 158,732 183,510 Total oil and natural gas properties 1,905,498 1,195,831 Less: Accumulated depletion (386,883 ) (166,592 ) Total oil and natural gas properties, net $ 1,518,615 $ 1,029,239 Proved Oil and Natural Gas Properties The Company accounts for its oil and natural gas exploration and development costs using the successful efforts method. Under this method, all costs incurred related to the acquisition of oil and natural gas properties and the costs of drilling development wells and successful exploratory wells are capitalized, while the costs of unsuccessful exploratory wells are expensed when the well is determined not to have recoverable reserves in commercial quantities. Other items charged to expense generally include lease and well operating costs and delay rentals. Geological and geophysical costs directly related to developing proved properties are capitalized. The sale of a partial interest in a proved property is accounted for as a cost recovery, and no gain or loss is recognized as long as this treatment does not significantly affect the units of production amortization rate. Capitalized leasehold costs attributable to proved properties are depleted using the units-of-production method based on proved reserves on a field basis. Capitalized well costs, including asset retirement costs, are depleted based on proved developed reserves on a field basis. For the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , the Company recorded depletion for oil and natural gas properties of $220.3 million , $109.2 million and $39.4 million , respectively. Depletion expense is included in depletion, depreciation, amortization and accretion expense on the accompanying consolidated and combined statements of operations. Proved oil and natural gas properties are reviewed for impairment when facts and circumstances indicate their carrying value may not be recoverable. The Company estimates the expected future cash flows of oil and natural gas properties and compares these undiscounted cash flows to the carrying amount of the oil and natural gas properties to determine if the carrying amount is recoverable. If the carrying amount exceeds the estimated undiscounted future cash flows, the Company will write down the carrying amount of the oil and natural gas properties to estimated fair value. The factors used to determine fair value may include, but are not limited to, estimates of reserves, future commodity prices, future production estimates, estimated future capital expenditures and a commensurate discount rate. These assumptions and estimates represent Level 3 inputs, as further discussed in Note 9 , Fair Value Measurements . The Company did not record any impairment expense associated with its proved properties during the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 . Unproved Oil and Natural Gas Properties Unproved oil and natural gas properties consist of costs to acquire undeveloped leases and unproved reserves, and are capitalized when incurred. When a successful well is drilled on an undeveloped leasehold or reserves are otherwise attributed to a property, unproved property costs are transferred to proved properties. Proceeds from sales of partial interests in unproved properties are accounted for as a recovery of cost without recognition of any gain or loss until the cost has been recovered. Unproved properties are periodically assessed for impairment on a property-by-property basis. The Company evaluates significant unproved properties for impairment based on remaining lease term, drilling results, reservoir performance, seismic interpretation or future plans to develop acreage, and records impairment expense for any decline in value. Impairment of unproved properties for leases which have expired, or are expected to expire, was $28.2 million , $0.4 million and $0.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Impairment of unproved oil and natural gas properties in 2018 primarily resulted from the Company’s ongoing evaluation of its undeveloped Big Tex acreage and the current plan to not drill on certain of these leases before they expire. There were no exploratory dry hole costs incurred in 2018 or 2017. However, during 2016 the Company incurred dry hole costs of $1.2 million related to a vertical test well drilled to an unproductive shallow horizon. Impairments are presented within impairment of unproved oil and natural gas properties, while exploratory dry hole costs are presented within exploration expenses on the consolidated and combined statements of operations. Oil and Natural Gas Reserves The estimates of proved oil and natural gas reserves utilized in the preparation of the financial statements are estimated in accordance with the rules established by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). The Company’s annual reserve estimates were prepared by third-party petroleum engineers. Reserve estimates are inherently imprecise. Accordingly, the estimates are expected to change as more current information becomes available. It is possible that, because of changes in market conditions or the inherent imprecision of reserve estimates, the estimates of future cash flows, future gross revenue, the amount of oil and natural gas reserves, the remaining estimated lives of oil and natural gas properties, or any combination of the above may be increased or reduced. Increases in recoverable economic volumes generally reduce per unit depletion rates while decreases in recoverable economic volumes generally increase per unit depletion rates. See “Supplemental Oil and Natural Gas Disclosures (Unaudited)” following these Notes for a more detailed discussion of the Company’s oil and natural gas reserves. Other Property and Equipment The following table presents the components of other property and equipment, net: December 31, (in thousands) 2018 2017 Other property and equipment $ 16,021 $ 12,167 Less: Accumulated depreciation (4,351 ) (2,459 ) Total other property and equipment, net $ 11,670 $ 9,708 Other property and equipment includes equipment used in drilling and completion activities, the Company’s field office, leasehold improvements, vehicles, IT hardware and software and office furniture, and is recorded at cost. Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives, which range from 3 to 30 years. Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 was $1.9 million , $1.7 million and $0.9 million , respectively. When property and equipment is sold or retired, the capitalized costs and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounting records. Accrued Liabilities The components of accrued liabilities are shown below: December 31, (in thousands) 2018 2017 Accrued capital expenditures $ 74,688 $ 102,956 Accrued accounts payable 5,941 8,488 Royalties payable 19,964 6,105 Other current liabilities 29,419 14,762 Total accrued liabilities $ 130,012 $ 132,311 Asset Retirement Obligations The Company records a liability for the fair value of an asset retirement obligation (“ARO”) related to future costs associated with the plugging and abandonment of oil and natural gas wells, removal of equipment and facilities from leased acreage and restoration in accordance with local, state and federal laws. The discounted fair value of an ARO liability is required to be recognized in the period in which it is incurred, with the associated asset retirement cost capitalized in proved oil and natural gas property costs as part of the carrying cost of the oil and natural gas asset, and depleted over the life of the asset. The recognition of the ARO requires management to make numerous assumptions regarding such factors as the estimated probabilities, amounts and timing of settlements, credit-adjusted risk-free discount rates and inflation rates. Revisions to estimated ARO can result from changes in working interest, retirement cost estimates and estimated timing of abandonment. The ARO liability is accreted at the end of each period through charges to accretion expense, which is included in the statements of operations within depletion, depreciation, amortization and accretion expense. Equity-based Compensation The Company recognizes compensation cost related to equity-based awards granted to employees, members of the Company’s board of directors and nonemployee contractors in the financial statements based on their estimated grant-date fair value. The Company may grant various types of equity-based awards including stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units (including awards with service-based vesting and market condition-based vesting provisions), stock awards, dividend equivalents and other types of awards. Service-based restricted stock and units are valued using the market price of Jagged Peak’s common stock on the grant date. The fair value of the market condition-based restricted stock units is based on the grant-date fair value of the award utilizing a Monte Carlo valuation model. Compensation cost is recognized ratably over the applicable vesting period and is recognized in general and administrative expense on the consolidated and combined statements of operations. The Company has elected to account for forfeitures in compensation expense as they occur. Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and income tax basis of assets and liabilities and the expected benefits of utilizing net operating losses, interest expense and tax credit carryforwards, using enacted tax rates in effect for the taxing jurisdiction in which the Company operates for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Unrecognized tax benefits represent potential future tax obligations for uncertain tax positions taken on previously filed tax returns that may not ultimately be sustained. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. The Company classifies all deferred tax assets and liabilities as noncurrent. The Company recognizes the financial statement effects of a tax position when it is more likely than not, based on technical merits, that the position will be sustained upon examination. The Company periodically assesses the realizability of its deferred tax assets by considering whether it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company considers all available positive and negative evidence when determining whether a valuation allowance is required. In making this assessment, the Company evaluates possible sources of taxable income that may be available to realize the deferred tax assets, including projected future taxable income, the reversal of existing temporary differences available and tax planning strategies. Deferred tax assets are then reduced by a valuation allowance if the Company believes it is more likely than not such deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company’s accounting predecessor, JPE LLC, was treated as a partnership for federal and state income tax purposes. Accordingly, the accompanying consolidated and combined financial statements do not include a provision or liability for income taxes prior to the corporate reorganization. Earnings per Share The Company uses the treasury stock method to determine the potential dilutive effect of restricted stock units and performance stock units. Defined Contribution Plan The Company sponsors a 401(k) defined contribution plan for the benefit of all employees at their date of hire. The plan allows eligible employees to contribute a portion of their annual compensation, not to exceed annual limits established by the federal government. The Company makes matching contributions for participating employees up to a certain percentage of the employee contributions. Matching contributions totaled approximately $0.7 million , $0.5 million and $0.2 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Benefits under this plan are available to all employees, and employees are fully vested in the employer contribution upon receipt. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted Accounting Standards Revenue from Contracts with Customers . In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) , which outlined a new, single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most prior revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The Company adopted the new standard on January 1, 2018, as described above. The Company implemented the necessary changes to its business processes, systems and controls to support recognition and disclosure of this new standard. The Company’s financial statement presentation related to revenue received from certain gas sales contracts changed as a result of the new standard. Under previous guidance, proceeds from certain gas sales contracts were reported gross, with related costs for gathering and processing being presented separately as gathering and processing expense. Upon adoption of the new standard, the Company presents revenue from these contracts net of gathering and processing costs, as these costs are incurred after control of the product is transferred to the customer. The impact of the new revenue recognition standard on the Company’s current period results is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2018 (in thousands) Amounts presented on statements of operations ASC 606 Adjustments Previous Revenue Recognition Method Revenues Oil sales $ 539,802 $ — $ 539,802 Natural gas sales 9,136 3,488 12,624 NGL sales 31,956 11,243 43,199 Other operating revenues 750 — 750 Total revenues $ 581,644 $ 14,731 $ 596,375 Operating expenses Gathering and processing expenses $ — $ 14,731 $ 14,731 Net income (loss) $ 165,458 $ — $ 165,458 Adoption of the new standard did not impact the Company’s previously reported results of operations or consolidated and combined cash flows statements. Stock Compensation - Scope of Modification Accounting . In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718) Scope of Modification Accounting . The ASU clarified which changes to the terms or conditions of an equity-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. The standard became effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. The adoption of this new standard did not impact the Company’s consolidated and combined balance sheets, statements of operations or statements of cash flows. Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted Leases . In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) , which requires entities to determine at the inception of a contract if the contract is, or contains, a lease. Entities are then required to recognize leases as right-of-use assets and lease payment liabilities on the balance sheet as well as disclose key information about leasing arrangements. The new standard is effective for the Company on January 1, 2019. Entities are permitted to make a policy election under ASU 2016-02 to not recognize lease assets or liabilities when the term of the lease is less than twelve months. For agreements that contain both lease and non-lease components, entities are also permitted to make a policy election to combine both the lease and non-lease components together and account for these arrangements as a single lease. The update does not apply to leases of mineral rights to explore for or use oil and natural gas. ASU 2016-02 retains a distinction between finance and operating leases concerning the recognition and presentation of the expense and payments related to leases in the statements of operations and cash flows. Under ASU 2016-02, entities are required to adopt the new standard using a modified retrospective approach and apply the provisions of ASU 2016-02 to leasing arrangements existing at, or entered into, after the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-01, Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842 , which permits an entity to elect an optional transition practical expedient to not evaluate land easements that exist or expire before the Company's adoption of Topic 842 and that were not previously accounted for as leases under Topic 840. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Targeted Improvements , which provides entities an optional transitional relief method whereby prior periods would not require restatement while a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings during the period of adoption would be recorded. The Company will adopt ASU 2016-02, as amended, using a modified retrospective approach as permitted under ASU 2018-11, which allows the Company to apply the legacy lease guidance and disclosure requirements in the comparative periods presented for the year of adoption. No cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings is expected to be recognized upon adoption of ASU 2016-02. As part of the adoption, the Company elected the short-term lease recognition policy election for all leases that qualify, and as such, no right-of-use assets or lease payment liabilities will be recorded on the balance sheet when the term of the lease is less than twelve months. The Company also elected the practical expedient under ASC 2018-01 pertaining to land easements, that allows the new guidance to be applied prospectively to all new or modified land easements and rights-of-way. The implementation of this standard will impact the Company’s current processes and controls, including contract identification and assessment. Additionally, the Company is currently finalizing the implementation of a lease administration software that will support the accounting and disclosure for leases. Adopting ASU 2016-02 will result in increases to long-term assets, current liabilities and long-term liabilities on its consolidated and combined balance sheets, related to the recognition of new right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, and will require additional disclosures of key information related to its leases in the footnotes to the financial statements. The Company is finalizing its implementation of ASU 2016-02, as amended, and has identified long-term leases for certain asset classes, including drilling rigs, corporate office space and certain office equipment. As of December 31, 2018 , the Company’s undiscounted obligations for operating leases and drilling rigs in the Company’s contractual obligations table totaled approximately $83.9 million (see Note 10 , Commitments and Contingencies , for additional information). Financial Instruments: Credit Losses . In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments , which replaces the currently required incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology. This new methodology requires that a financial asset measured at amortized cost be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The update is intended to provide financial statement users with more useful information about expected credit losses on financial instruments. The amended standard is effective for the Company on January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted, and shall be applied using a modified retrospective approach resulting in a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings upon adoption. Historically, the Company's credit losses on oil and natural gas sales receivables and joint interest receivables have been de minimis, and the Company does not believe the adoption of 2016-13 will have a material impact on its consolidated and combined financial statements. |