Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Principles of Consolidation Fiscal Year Use of Estimates Business Combinations Assets acquired and liabilities assumed generally include tangible and intangible assets, and contingent assets and liabilities. When available, the estimated fair values of these assets and liabilities are determined based on observable inputs such as quoted market prices, information from comparable transactions, and the replacement cost of assets in the same condition or stage of usefulness (Level 1 and 2). If observable inputs are not available, unobservable inputs are used such as expected future cash flows or internally developed estimates of value (Level 3). Cash and Cash Equivalents Deposits held with financial institutions may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. These deposits may be redeemed upon demand and are maintained with major financial institutions within the United States. Credit ratings of these financial institutions are monitored by management to mitigate risk of loss. At October 31, 2018, the Company had $11.7 million of uninsured cash balances in excess of Federal Depository Insurance Company limits. Accounts Receivable The Company establishes a reserve for specific accounts receivable that are believed to be uncollectible, as well as an estimate of uncollectible receivables not specifically known. Historical trends and the Company’s current knowledge of potential collection problems provide the Company with sufficient information to establish a reasonable estimate for an allowance for uncollectible accounts. Receivables are written off when management determines collection is highly unlikely and collection efforts have ceased. The change in the allowance for uncollectible accounts is as follows: Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2018 October 31, 2017 October 29, 2016 Beginning balance $ 1.1 $ 1.6 $ 0.8 Net recorded expense 0.6 0.8 1.0 Write-offs, net of recoveries/payments (0.4 ) (1.3 ) (0.2 ) Ending balance $ 1.3 $ 1.1 $ 1.6 Concentrations of Credit Risk Inventories Property, Plant and Equipment Years Buildings, related improvements & land improvements 5-39 Machinery & equipment 3-15 Computer hardware & software 3-10 Office, furniture & other 3-15 Expenditures that extend the useful life of existing property, plant and equipment are capitalized and depreciated over the remaining useful life of the related asset. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. When property, plant and equipment are retired or sold, the cost and related accumulated depreciation is removed from the Company’s balance sheet, with any gain or loss reflected in operations. Accumulated depreciation on capitalized lease assets is included in property, plant and equipment. Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, consisting of trade names, are not amortized, however, the Company reviews goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment at least annually or more often if an event occurs or circumstances change which indicates that its carrying amount may not exceed its fair value. The annual impairment review is performed as of the first day of the fourth quarter of each fiscal year based upon information and estimates available at that time. To perform the impairment testing, the Company first assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair values of the Company’s reporting units or indefinite-lived intangible assets are less than their carrying amounts as a basis for determining whether or not to perform the quantitative impairment test. Qualitative testing includes the evaluation of economic conditions, financial performance and other factors such as key events when they occur. The Company then estimates the fair value of each reporting unit and each indefinite-lived intangible asset not meeting the qualitative criteria and compares their fair values to their carrying values. Under the quantitative method, the fair value of each reporting unit of the Company is determined by using primarily the income approach and involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. The income approach involves discounting management’s projections of future interim and terminal cash flows to a present value at a risk-adjusted discount rate which corresponds with the Company’s and market-participant weighted-average cost of capital (“WACC”). Key assumptions used in the income approach include future sales growth, gross margin and operating expenses trends, depreciation and amortization expense, taxes, capital expenditures and changes in working capital. Projected future cash flows are based on income forecasts and management’s knowledge of the current operating environment and expectations for the Company on a going-forward basis. The WACC represents a blended cost of equity and debt capital applicable to the Company based on observed market participant rates of return for a group of comparable public companies in the industry, utilizes market participant capital structure assumptions by reference to the industry’s average debt to total invested capital ratios, and is also being adjusted for relative risk premiums specific to each reporting unit tested. The terminal residual value is based upon the projected cash flow for the final projected year and is calculated using a capitalization rate based on estimates of growth of the net cash flows based on the Company’s estimate of sustainable growth for each financial reporting unit. The inputs and assumptions used in the determination of fair value are considered Level 3 inputs within the fair value hierarchy. If the fair value of any reporting unit, as calculated using the income approach, is less than its carrying value, the fair value of the implied goodwill is calculated as the difference between the fair value of the reporting unit and the fair value of the underlying assets and liabilities, excluding goodwill. An impairment charge is recorded for any excess of the carrying value of goodwill over the implied fair value for each reporting unit. When determining the fair value of indefinite-lived trade names, the Company uses the relief-from-royalty (“RFR”) method, within the income approach. The RFR method assumes that an intangible asset is valuable because the owner of the asset avoids the cost of licensing that asset. Under the RFR method, an estimate is made as to the appropriate royalty income that would be negotiated in an arm’s-length transaction if the subject intangible asset were licensed from an independent third party. The royalty savings are then calculated by multiplying a royalty rate, expressed as a percentage of revenues, times a determined applicable level of future revenues provided per each trade name as estimated by the Company. The royalty rate is based on research of industry and market data related to transactions involving the licensing of comparable intangible assets. The resulting future royalty savings are then discounted to their present value equivalent utilizing market participant rates of return, adjusted for relative risk premiums specific to each trade name as well as the reporting unit housing it. In considering the fair value of trade names, the Company also considers relative age, consistent use, quality, expansion possibilities, relative profitability, relative market potential, and how a market participant may employ these intangible assets from a financial and economic point of view. Long-Lived Assets Including Definite-Lived Intangible Assets Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share Comprehensive Income (Loss) Revenue Recognition Revenues from the sale of parts are recognized when title to products and the risk of loss are transferred to the customer, which is generally upon shipment. Revenue from service agreements is recognized as earned when services are rendered. Intercompany sales are eliminated upon consolidation. Provisions are made for discounts, returns and sales allowances based on management’s best estimate and the historical experience of each business unit. Sales are recorded net of amounts invoiced for taxes imposed on the customer, such as excise or value-added taxes. Customer advances include amounts received in advance of the completion of vehicles or in advance of services being rendered. Such customer advances are recorded as current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet until the vehicle is shipped or the service rendered. Warranty Fair Value Measurements Foreign currency forward contracts held or issued by the Company for risk management purposes are traded in over-the counter markets where quoted market prices are not readily available. For these derivatives, the Company measures fair value using the foreign currency spot rate at the reporting period compared to the contractual rate. The Company determines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between unrelated market participants at the measurement date. The Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs (Levels 1 and 2) and minimize the use of unobservable inputs (Level 3) within the fair value hierarchy established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). The Company applies a “market approach” or an “income approach” to determine fair value. The market approach method uses pricing and other information generated by market transactions for identical or comparable assets and liabilities. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities, which are required to be recorded or disclosed at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which the Company would transact and the market-based risk measurements or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions and credit risk. In the absence of significant market-based inputs, the Company will use an “income approach” to estimate the fair value of the asset. This approach is based on the principle that the present value of the expected income that can be generated from the ownership of the asset approximates its fair value. This approach generally includes management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use to price the asset or liability including, projected income, a time period over which that income can be earned and an estimate of risk-adjusted discount and capitalization rates. Assets and liabilities are classified within the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level (least observable) input that is significant to the measurement in its entirety. At each reporting period, all assets and liabilities for which the fair value measurement is based on significant unobservable inputs are classified as Level 3. For illustrative purposes, the levels within the FASB fair value hierarchy are as follows: Level 1 Quoted prices in active markets that are unadjusted and accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities; Level 2 Quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or financial instruments for which significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly; Level 3 Prices or valuations that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable, including the company’s own assumptions in determining fair value. The Company applies fair value accounting for all financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the consolidated financial statements. Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale The Company initially measures a disposal group that is classified as held for sale at the lower of its carrying value or fair value less any costs to sell. Any loss resulting from this measurement is recognized in the period in which the held for sale criteria are met. Conversely, gains are not recognized on the sale of a disposal group until the date of sale. The Company assesses the fair value of a disposal group, less any costs to sell, each reporting period it remains classified as held for sale and reports any subsequent changes as an adjustment to the carrying value of the disposal group, as long as the new carrying value does not exceed the carrying value of the disposal group at the time it was initially classified as held for sale. Upon determining that a disposal group meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale, the Company reports the assets and liabilities of the disposal group, if material, in the line items assets held for sale and liabilities held for sale in the consolidated statements of financial position. Refer to Note 6, "Divestiture Activities," of the notes to these consolidated financial statements for further information. Income Taxes The Company recognizes liabilities for uncertain income tax positions based on a two-step process. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step requires the Company to estimate and measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. It is inherently difficult and subjective to estimate such amounts, as the Company must determine the probability of various possible outcomes. The Company evaluates these uncertain tax positions on a quarterly basis or when new information becomes available to management. The evaluations are based on factors including, but not limited to, changes in facts or circumstances, changes in tax law, successfully settled issues under audit and new audit activity. Such a change in recognition or measurement could result in the recognition of a tax benefit or an increase to the related provision. The Company includes interest and penalties related to income tax liabilities in the (benefit) provision for income taxes in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. Liabilities for income taxes payable, accrued interest and penalties that are due within one year of the balance sheet date are included in other current liabilities. Stock-Based Compensation Stock compensation expense for performance stock unit awards is recorded over the vesting period based on the grant date fair value of the awards and achievement of specified performance targets. The grant date fair value is equal to the closing share price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. For stock options, compensation expense is recorded over the agreed upon vesting term of the associated stock option grants and is measured based upon the estimation of fair value of on the grant date by applying the Black-Scholes option-pricing valuation model (the “Black-Scholes Model”). The application of the Black-Scholes Model required us to make certain assumptions such as the fair value of our common stock on the grant date, forfeitures of option grants and the rate of dividend payments on our common stock. Other assumptions utilized in the Black-Scholes Model include volatility of the share price of select peer public companies and the risk-free rate. Prior to the Company’s IPO, the fair value of common stock was calculated by applying an earnings multiple to the Adjusted EBITDA over the previous 12 months, and deducting outstanding debt, then dividing by the number of shares of common stock outstanding. The assumption for forfeitures was based upon historical experience. As the Company had not historically paid dividends on common stock prior to the IPO, the Company assumed a 0% dividend rate for stock options issued prior to the IPO. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted The following accounting pronouncements did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements: • Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2015-11, “Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory” (“ASU 2015-11”) • ASU 2016-09, “Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (Topic 718)” (“ASU 2016-09”) Accounting Pronouncements – To be Adopted • In May 2014, the FASB issued their final standard on revenue from contracts with customers. The standard, issued as ASU 2014-09 "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)" by the FASB, outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The ASU is effective for the Company beginning November 1, 2018. The Company developed a comprehensive project plan that included representatives from across all business segments. The project plan included steps for evaluating the standard’s impact on the Company’s various revenue streams, comparing its historical accounting policies and practices to the requirements of the new standard, identifying potential differences from applying the requirements of the new standard to its contracts, and providing updates on implementation progress. The Company has substantially completed its evaluation of the impact of ASU 2014-09. The adoption of ASU 2014-09 is not expected to have a significant impact on our financial statement results on a go-forward basis. The Company will adopt the standard on a modified retrospective basis. As a result of the adoption, the Company expects an immaterial net, after-tax cumulative effect adjustment to reduce Retained Earnings as of November 1, 2018. The Company is in the process of implementing appropriate changes, if any, to its business processes, systems and controls to support revenue recognition and disclosures under Topic 606. • In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases” (Topic 842). Topic 842 is intended to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. ASU 2016-02 is effective for the Company beginning November 1, 2019. The Company is currently reviewing the standard to determine any impact on the financial statements. • In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220), Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income”. The standard allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, thereby eliminating the resulting stranded tax effect. The Company plans to early adopt ASU 2018-02 as of the beginning of fiscal year 2019 and does not expect it to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. Subsequent Events The Company evaluated subsequent events through December 19, 2018, the date on which the financial statements were available to be issued. |