| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (a) Business Combinations and Asset Acquisitions Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805, “Business Combinations”, as amended by Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2017-01, “Business Combinations (Topic 805), Clarifying the Definition of a Business.” The purchase price is allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. Fair value of the acquired assets and liabilities is measured in accordance with the guidance of ASC 820, using discounted cash flows and other applicable valuation techniques. Any acquisition-related costs incurred by the Company are expensed as incurred. Any excess purchase price over the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired is recorded as goodwill if the definition of a business is met. Operating results of an acquired business are included in the Company’s results of operations from the date of acquisition. Asset acquisitions are measured based on their cost to the Company, including transaction costs. Asset acquisition costs, or the consideration transferred by the Company, are assumed to be equal to the fair value of the net assets acquired. If the consideration transferred is cash, measurement is based on the amount of cash the Company paid to the seller, as well as transaction costs incurred. Consideration given in the form of non-monetary assets, liabilities incurred or equity interests issued is measured based on either the cost to the Company or the fair value of the assets or net assets acquired, whichever is more clearly evident. The cost of an asset acquisition is allocated to the assets acquired based on their estimated relative fair values. Goodwill is not recognized in an asset acquisition. (b) Revenue Recognition The majority of the Company’s performance obligations are satisfied over time. The Company has determined this best represents the transfer of value from its services to the customer as performance by the Company helps to enhance a customer controlled asset (e.g., unplugging a well, enabling a well to produce oil or natural gas). Measurement of the satisfaction of the performance obligation is measured using the output method, which is typically evidenced by a field ticket. A field ticket includes items such as services performed, consumables used, and man hours incurred to complete the job for the customer. Each field ticket is used to invoice customers. Payment terms for invoices issued are in accordance with a master services agreement with each customer, which typically require payment within 30 to 60 days of the invoice issuance. A portion of the Company’s contracts contain variable consideration; however, this variable consideration is typically unknown at the time of contract inception, and is not known until the job is complete, at which time the variability is resolved. Examples of variable consideration include the number of hours that will be incurred and the amount of consumables (such as chemicals and proppants) that will be used to complete a job. Remaining Performance Obligations The Company invoices its customers for the services provided at contractual rates multiplied by the applicable unit of measurement, including volume of consumables used and hours incurred. In accordance with ASC 606, the Company has elected the “Right to Invoice” practical expedient for all contracts, which allows the Company to invoice its customers in an amount that corresponds directly with the value to the customer of the entity’s performance completed to date. With this election, the Company is not required to disclose information about the variable consideration related to its remaining performance obligations. The Company has also elected the practical expedient to expense immediately mobilization costs, as the amortization period would always be less than one year. For those contracts with a term of more than one year, the Company had approximately $10.5 million of unsatisfied performance obligations as of June 30, 2021, which will be recognized as services are performed over the remaining contractual terms. The Company’s obligations for refunds as well as the warranties and related obligations stated in its contracts with its customers are standard to the industry and are related to the correction of any defectiveness in the execution of its performance obligations. Contract Balances In line with industry practice, the Company bills its customers for its services in arrears, typically when the stage or well is completed or at month-end. The majority of the Company’s jobs are completed in less than 30 days. Furthermore, it is currently not standard practice for the Company to execute contracts with prepayment features. Payment terms after invoicing are typically 30 to 60 days. The Company does not have any significant contract costs to obtain or fulfill contracts with customers; as such, no amounts are recognized on the consolidated balance sheet. Taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and, therefore, are excluded from revenues in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss and net cash provided by operating activities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The following is a description of the Company’s core service lines separated by reportable segments from which the Company generates its revenue. For additional detailed information regarding reportable segments, see Note (13) Business Segments . Revenue from the Company’s Completion Services, Well Construction and Intervention (“WC&I”), and Well Support Services segments are recognized as follows: Completion Services The Company provides hydraulic fracturing, wireline and pumpdown services pursuant to contractual arrangements, such as term contracts and pricing agreements. Revenue from these services are earned as services are rendered, which is generally on a per stage or fixed monthly rate. All revenue is recognized when a contract with a customer exists, the performance obligations under the contract have been satisfied over time, the amount to which the Company has the right to invoice has been determined and collectability of amounts subject to invoice is probable. Contract fulfillment costs, such as mobilization costs and shipping and handling costs, are expensed as incurred and are recorded in cost of services in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. To the extent fulfillment costs are considered separate performance obligations that are billable to the customer, the amounts billed are recorded as revenue in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Once a stage has been completed, a field ticket is created that includes charges for the service performed and the chemicals and proppant consumed during the course of the service. The field ticket may also include charges for the mobilization of the equipment to the location, any additional equipment used on the job and other miscellaneous items. The field ticket represents the amounts to which the Company has the right to invoice and to recognize as revenue. Well Construction and Intervention The Company provides cementing services pursuant to contractual arrangements, such as term contracts, or on a spot market basis. Revenue is recognized upon the completion of each performance obligation, which for cementing services, represents the portion of the well cemented: surface casing, intermediate casing or production liner. The performance obligations are satisfied over time. Jobs for these services are typically short term in nature, with most jobs completed in a day. Once the well has been cemented, a field ticket is created that includes charges for the services performed and the consumables used during the course of service. The field ticket represents the amounts to which the Company has the right to invoice and to recognize as revenue. The Company provides a range of coiled tubing services primarily used for fracturing plug drill-out during completion operations and for well workover and maintenance, primarily on a spot market basis. Jobs for these services are typically short-term in nature, lasting anywhere from a few hours to multiple days. Revenue is recognized upon completion of each day’s work based upon a completed field ticket. The field ticket includes charges for the services performed and the consumables used during the course of service. The field ticket may also include charges for the mobilization and set-up of equipment, the personnel on the job, any additional equipment used on the job, and other miscellaneous consumables. The Company typically charges the customer for the services performed and resources provided on an hourly basis at agreed-upon spot market rates, at times, or pursuant to pricing agreements. Historical Segment: Well Support Services Segment On March 9, 2020, the Company completed the divestiture of its Well Support Services Segment. For additional information, see Note (13) Business Segments. Through its rig services line, the Company had provided workover and well servicing rigs that were primarily used for routine repair and maintenance of oil and gas wells, re-drilling operations and plug and abandonment operations. These services were provided on an hourly basis at prices that approximate spot market rates. A field ticket was generated and revenue is recognized upon the earliest of the completion of a job or at the end of each day. A rig services job can last anywhere from a few hours to multiple days depending on the type of work being performed. The field ticket includes the base hourly rate charge and, if applicable, charges for additional personnel or equipment not contemplated in the base hourly rate. The field ticket may also include charges for the mobilization and set-up of equipment. Through its fluids management service line, the Company used to provide storage, transportation and disposal services for fluids used in the drilling, completion and workover of oil and gas wells. Rates for these services vary and can be on a per job, per hour, or per load basis, or on the basis of quantities sold or disposed. Revenue is recognized upon the completion of each job or load, or delivered product, based on a completed field ticket. Through its other special well site service line, the Company used to provide fishing, contract labor and tool rental services for completion and workover of oil and gas wells. Rates for these services vary and can be on a per job, per hour or on the basis of rental days per month. Revenue is recognized based on a field ticket issued upon the completion of each job or on a monthly billing for rental services provided. Disaggregation of Revenue Revenue activities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 were as follows: Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 (Thousands of Dollars) (Thousands of Dollars) Completion Services WC&I Well Support Services Total Completion Services WC&I Well Support Services Total Geography Northeast $ 63,200 $ 6,313 $ — $ 69,513 $ 113,308 $ 12,119 $ — $ 125,427 Central 54,649 — — 54,649 89,549 — — 89,549 West Texas 132,801 16,131 — 148,932 239,467 28,609 — 268,076 West 5,395 862 — 6,257 10,283 1,999 — 12,282 International 12,794 — — 12,794 25,213 — — 25,213 $ 268,839 $ 23,306 $ — $ 292,145 $ 477,820 $ 42,727 $ — $ 520,547 Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 (Thousands of Dollars) (Thousands of Dollars) Completion Services WC&I Well Support Services Total Completion Services WC&I Well Support Services Total Geography Northeast $ 82,228 $ 5,394 $ — $ 87,622 $ 159,653 $ 13,024 $ — $ 172,677 Central 3,684 578 — 4,262 80,515 7,478 — 87,993 West Texas 68,498 10,104 — 78,602 332,997 43,736 8,373 385,106 West 15,039 1,174 — 16,213 98,726 9,837 49,556 158,119 International 9,528 — — 9,528 19,957 — 19,957 $ 178,977 $ 17,250 $ — $ 196,227 $ 691,848 $ 74,075 $ 57,929 $ 823,852 (c) Long-Lived Assets with Definite Lives Property and equipment, inclusive of equipment under finance lease, are generally stated at cost. Depreciation on property and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from 13 months to 40 years. Management determines the estimate of the useful lives and salvage values of property and equipment on expected utilization, technological change and effectiveness of its maintenance programs. Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed annually or as needed based on activities related to specific assets. When components of an item of property and equipment are identifiable and have different useful lives, they are accounted for separately as major components of property and equipment. Gains and losses on disposal of property and equipment are determined by comparing the proceeds from disposal with the carrying amount of property and equipment and are recognized net within operating costs and expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Major classifications of property and equipment and their respective useful lives are as follows: Land Indefinite life Building and leasehold improvements 13 months – 40 years Machinery and equipment 13 months – 10 years Office furniture, fixtures and equipment 3 years – 5 years Leasehold improvements are assigned a useful life equal to the term of the related lease. Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed annually. Leasehold improvements are assigned a useful life equal to the term of the related lease, or its expected period of use. In the first quarter of 2021, the Company reassessed the estimated useful lives of select machinery and equipment, concluding that due to a decrease in service intensity for select machinery and equipment driven by operational parameters required to maximize natural gas substitution and longer major component lives attributable to equipment health monitoring and predictive maintenance from our proprietary digital NexHub platform and data science efforts, the useful lives of select machinery and equipment should be increased by 1-2 years depending on the specific asset class. In accordance with ASC 250, “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections,” the change in the estimated useful lives of the Company’s property and equipment was accounted for as a change in accounting estimate, on a prospective basis, effective January 1, 2021. This change resulted in a decrease in depreciation expense and decrease in net loss during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 of $9.5 million and 21.6 million, respectively, in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. On May 9, 2021, one of the Company’s hydraulic frac fleets operating in the Permian Basin was involved in an accidental fire, which resulted in a complete loss of the equipment; no parties were injured as a result of this incident. As of June 30, 2021, the Company recognized a $21.7 million receivable related to insurance proceeds in other current assets for replacement costs of the damaged equipment, which offsets the $12.0 million loss recognized on the damaged equipment and costs to remove the equipment. The resulting gain of $9.7 million was recognized in other income (expense), net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Amortization on definite-lived intangible assets is calculated on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from 2 to 15 years. The majority of the Company's definite lived intangible assets include customer contracts and technology. Property and equipment and definite-lived intangible assets (“Long-lived Assets”) are evaluated on a quarterly basis to identify events or changes in circumstances, referred to as triggering events that indicate the carrying value of certain property and equipment may not be recoverable or upon the occurrence of a triggering event. An impairment loss is recorded in the period in which it is determined that the carrying amount of Long-lived Asset is not recoverable. The determination of recoverability is made based upon the estimated undiscounted future net cash flows of assets grouped at the lowest level for which there are identifiable cash flows independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets with such cash flows to be realized over the estimated remaining useful life of the primary asset within the asset group. The Company determined the lowest level of identifiable cash flows that are independent of other asset groups to be primarily at the service line level. The Company's asset groups consist of fracturing services, wireline, cementing, and coiled tubing, except for an entity level asset group for Long-lived Assets that do not have identifiable independent cash flows. Estimates of undiscounted future net cash flows of assets groups are projected based on estimates of projected revenue growth, unit count, utilization, pricing, gross profit rates, SG&A rates, working capital fluctuations and capital expenditures. Forecasted cash flows take into account known market conditions as of the assessment date, and management’s anticipated business outlook. A terminal period is used to reflect an estimate of stable, perpetual growth. If the estimated undiscounted future net cash flows for a given asset group is less than the carrying amount of the asset groups, an impairment loss is determined by comparing the estimated fair value with the carrying value of the related asset groups. The impairment loss is then allocated across the asset group's major classifications. During the first quarter of 2020, management determined the reductions in commodity prices driven by the potential impact of the novel COVID-19 pandemic and global supply and demand dynamics coupled with the sustained decrease in the Company’s share price were deemed triggering events. As a result of the triggering event, recoverability testing was performed and it was determined that the estimated undiscounted future net cash flow for all asset groups was greater than the carrying amount of their related assets and no impairment loss was recorded. The Company did not recognize any impairment charges related to the Company’s long-lived assets for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 or 2020. (d) Leases In accordance with ASU 2016-02, the Company considers any contract that conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration to be a lease. The Company determines whether the contract into which it has entered is a lease at the lease commencement date. Rental arrangements with term lengths of one month or less are expensed as incurred, but not recognized as qualifying leases. For lessees, leases can be classified as finance leases or operating leases, while for lessors, leases can be classified as sales-type leases, direct financing leases or operating leases. As lessee, all leases, with the exception of short-term leases, are capitalized on the balance sheet by recording a lease liability, which represents the Company's obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease and a right-of-use asset, which represents the Company's right to use the underlying asset being leased. For leases in which the Company is the lessee, the Company uses a collateralized incremental borrowing rate to calculate the lease liability, as for most leases, the implicit rate in the lease is unknown. The collateralized incremental borrowing rate is based on a yield curve over various term lengths that approximates the borrowing rate the Company would receive if it collateralized its lease arrangements with all of its assets. For leases in which the Company is the lessor, the Company uses the rate implicit in the lease. For finance leases, the Company amortizes the right-of-use asset on a straight-line basis over the earlier of the useful life of the right-of-use asset or the end of the lease term and records this amortization in rent expense on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The Company adjusts the lease liability to reflect lease payments made during the period and interest incurred on the lease liability using the effective interest method. The incurred interest expense is recorded in interest expense on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. For operating leases, the Company recognizes one single lease cost, comprised of the lease payments and amortization of any associated initial direct costs, within rent expense on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Variable lease costs not included in the determination of the lease liability at the commencement of a lease are recognized in the period when the specified target that triggers the variable lease payments becomes probable. In accordance with ASC 842, the Company has made the following elections for its lease accounting: • all short-term leases with term lengths of 12 months or less will not be capitalized; the underlying class of assets to which the Company has applied this expedient is primarily its apartment leases; • for non-revenue contracts containing both lease and non-lease components, both components will be combined and accounted for as one lease component and accounted for under ASC 842; and • for revenue contracts containing both lease and non-lease components, both components will be combined and accounted for as one component and accounted for under ASC 606. (e) Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities The Company utilizes interest rate derivatives to manage interest rate risk associated with its floating-rate borrowings. The Company recognizes all derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets at their respective fair values. For derivatives designated in hedging relationships, changes in the fair value are either offset through earnings against the change in fair value of the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged or recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss until the hedged item affects earnings. The Company only enters into derivative contracts that it intends to designate as hedges for the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability (i.e. cash flow hedge). For all hedging relationships, the Company formally documents the hedging relationship and its risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge, the hedging instrument, the hedged transaction, the nature of the risk being hedged and how the hedging instrument’s effectiveness in offsetting the hedged risk will be assessed prospectively and retrospectively. The Company also formally assesses, both at the inception of the hedging relationship and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivatives that are used in hedging relationships are highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of hedged transactions. For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as part of a cash flow hedging relationship, the gain or loss on the derivative is reported as a component of other comprehensive loss and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. The Company discontinues hedge accounting prospectively, when it determines that the derivative is no longer highly effective in offsetting cash flows attributable to the hedged risk, the derivative expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, the originally forecasted transaction is no longer probable of occurring or if management decides to remove the designation of the cash flow hedge. The net derivative instrument gain or loss related to a discontinued cash flow hedge shall continue to be reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the originally hedged transaction affects earnings, unless it is probable that the forecasted transaction will not occur by the end of the originally specified time period. When it is probable that the originally forecasted transaction will not occur by the end of the originally specified time period, the Company recognizes immediately, in earnings, any gains and losses related to the hedging relationship that were recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss. In all situations in which hedge accounting is discontinued and the derivative remains outstanding, the Company continues to carry the derivative at its fair value on the consolidated balance sheets and recognizes any subsequent changes in the derivative’s fair value in earnings. In addition, we evaluate the terms of our operating agreements and other contracts, if any, to determine whether they contain embedded components that are required to be bifurcated and accounted for separately as derivative financial instruments. For additional detailed information regarding derivatives, see Note (7) Derivatives. (f) Stock-based compensation The Company recognizes compensation expense for restricted stock awards, restricted stock units to be settled in common stock (“RSUs”), performance-based RSU award (“PSUs”), and non-qualified stock options (“stock options”) based on the fair value of the awards at the date of grant. The fair value of restricted stock awards and RSUs is determined based on the number of shares or RSUs granted and the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The fair value of stock options is determined by applying the Black-Scholes model to the grant-date market value of the underlying common shares of the Company. The fair value of PSUs with market conditions is determined using a Monte Carlo simulation method. The Company has elected to recognize forfeiture credits for these awards as they are incurred, as this method best reflects actual stock-based compensation expense. Compensation expense from time-based restricted stock awards, RSUs, PSUs, and stock options is amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period. Tax deductions on the stock-based compensation awards are not realized until the awards are vested or exercised. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets for stock-based compensation awards that will result in future deductions on its income tax returns, based on the amount of tax deduction for stock-based compensation recognized at the statutory tax rate in the jurisdiction in which the Company will receive a tax deduction. If the tax deduction for a stock-based award is greater than the cumulative GAAP compensation expense for that award upon realization of a tax deduction, an excess tax benefit will be recognized and recorded as a favorable impact on the effective tax rate. If the tax deduction for an award is less than the cumulative GAAP compensation expense for that award upon realization of the tax deduction, a tax shortfall will be recognized and recorded as an unfavorable impact on the effective tax rate. Any excess tax benefits or shortfalls will be recorded as discrete, adjustments in the period in which they occur. The cash flows resulting from any excess tax benefit will be classified as financing cash flows in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The Company provides its employees with the option to settle income tax obligations arising from the vesting of their restricted or deferred stock-based compensation awards by withholding shares equal to such income tax obligations. Shares acquired from employees in connection with the settlement of the employees’ income tax obligations are accounted for as treasury shares that are subsequently retired. Restricted stock awards, RSUs, and PSUs are not considered issued and outstanding for purposes of earnings per share calculations until vested. For additional information, see Note (9) Stock-Based Compensation. |
