LOANS | Portfolio Segments and Classes The composition of loans, excluding loans held for sale, is summarized as follows: December 31, 2022 2021 Amount % of Amount % of (dollars in thousands) Real estate mortgages: Construction and development $ 255,736 16.1% $ 174,480 13.9% Residential 167,891 10.5% 147,490 11.8% Commercial 904,872 56.8% 716,541 57.1% Commercial and industrial 256,553 16.1% 206,897 16.5% Consumer and other 7,655 0.5% 8,709 0.7% Gross Loans 1,592,707 100.0% 1,254,117 100.0% Deferred loan fees (5,543) (3,817) Allowance for loan losses (20,156) (14,844) Loans, net $ 1,567,008 $ 1,235,456 For purposes of the disclosures required pursuant to ASC 310, the loan portfolio was disaggregated into segments and then further disaggregated into classes for certain disclosures. A portfolio segment is defined as the level at which an entity develops and documents a systematic method for determining its allowance for credit losses. There are three loan portfolio segments that include real estate, commercial and industrial, and consumer and other. A class is generally determined based on the initial measurement attribute, risk characteristic of the loan, and an entity’s method for monitoring and assessing credit risk. Commercial and industrial is a separate commercial loan class. Classes within the real estate portfolio segment include construction and development, residential mortgages, and commercial mortgages. Consumer loans and other are a class in itself. In light of the U.S. and global economic crisis brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company has prioritized assisting its clients through this troubled time. The CARES Act provides for Paycheck Protection Plan (PPP) loans to be made by banks to employers with less than 500 employees if they continue to employ their existing workers. As of December 31, 2022, the Company does not have any loans outstanding under the PPP program. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had 36 loans outstanding for a total amount of $9,203 under the PPP program. At December 31, 2022, PPP loan origination fees recorded as an adjustment to loan yield for the year ended was $298. These PPP loans are included within the commercial and industrial loan category in the table above. The following describe risk characteristics relevant to each of the portfolio segments and classes: Real estate - As discussed below, the Company offers various types of real estate loan products. All loans within this portfolio segment are particularly sensitive to the valuation of real estate: • Loans for real estate construction and development are repaid through cash flow related to the operations, sale or refinance of the underlying property. This portfolio class includes extensions of credit to real estate developers or investors where repayment is dependent on the sale of the real estate or income generated from the real estate collateral. Portfolio Segments and Classes (Continued) • Residential mortgages include 1-4 family first mortgage loans which are repaid by various means such as a borrower’s income, sale of the property, or rental income derived from the property. Also included in residential mortgages are real estate loans secured by farmland, second liens, or open end real estate loans, such as home equity lines. These loans are typically repaid in the same means as 1-4 family first mortgages. • Commercial real estate mortgage loans include both owner-occupied commercial real estate loans and other commercial real estate loans such as commercial loans secured by income producing properties. Owner-occupied commercial real estate loans made to operating businesses are long-term financing of land and buildings and are repaid by cash flows generated from business operations. Real estate loans for income-producing properties such as apartment buildings, hotels, office and industrial buildings, and retail shopping centers are repaid by cash flows from rent income derived from the properties. Commercial and industrial - The commercial loan portfolio segment includes commercial and industrial loans. These loans include those loans to commercial customers for use in normal business operations to finance working capital needs, equipment purchases, leases, or expansion projects. Loans are repaid by business cash flows. Collection risk in this portfolio is driven by the creditworthiness of the underlying borrower, particularly cash flows from the borrowers’ business operations. Consumer and other - The consumer loan portfolio segment includes direct consumer installment loans, overdrafts and other revolving credit loans. Loans in this portfolio are sensitive to unemployment and other key consumer economic measures which affects borrowers’ incomes and cash for repayment. Credit Risk Management The Chief Credit Officer, Officers Loan Committee and Directors Loan Committee are each involved in the credit risk management process and assess the accuracy of risk ratings, the quality of the portfolio and the estimation of inherent credit losses in the loan portfolio. This comprehensive process also assists in the prompt identification of problem credits. The Company has taken a number of measures to manage the portfolios and reduce risk, particularly in the more problematic portfolios. The Company employs a credit risk management process with defined policies, accountability and routine reporting to manage credit risk in the loan portfolio segments. Credit risk management is guided by a comprehensive Loan Policy that provides for a consistent and prudent approach to underwriting and approvals of credits. Within the Board approved Loan Policy, procedures exist that elevate the approval requirements as credits become larger and more complex. All loans are individually underwritten, risk-rated, approved, and monitored. Responsibility and accountability for adherence to underwriting policies and accurate risk ratings lies in each portfolio segment. For the consumer portfolio segment, the risk management process focuses on managing customers who become delinquent in their payments. For the commercial and real estate portfolio segments, the risk management process focuses on underwriting new business and, on an ongoing basis, monitoring the credit of the portfolios. To ensure problem credits are identified on a timely basis, several specific portfolio reviews occur each year to assess the larger adversely rated credits for proper risk rating and accrual status. Credit quality and trends in the loan portfolio segments are measured and monitored regularly. Detailed reports, by product, collateral, accrual status, etc., are reviewed by the Chief Credit Officer and reported to the Board of Directors. Credit Risk Management (Continued) A description of the general characteristics of the risk categories used by the Company is as follows: • Pass - A pass loan is a strong credit with no existing or known potential weaknesses deserving of management’s close attention. • Special Mention - A loan that has potential weaknesses that deserve management's close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or in the institution's credit position at some future date. These loans are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. • Substandard - Substandard loans are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. • Doubtful - Loans classified Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently known facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. • Loss - Loans classified Loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset even though partial recovery may be effected in the future. The following tables summarize the risk category of the Company’s loan portfolio based upon the most recent analysis performed as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021: Pass Special Substandard Doubtful Total (dollars in thousands) As of December 31, 2022 Real estate mortgages: Construction and development $ 251,130 $ 4,539 $ 67 $ — $ 255,736 Residential 165,388 1,787 716 — 167,891 Commercial 883,082 18,532 3,258 — 904,872 Commercial and industrial 247,948 8,322 283 — 256,553 Consumer and other 7,604 28 23 — 7,655 Total $ 1,555,152 $ 33,208 $ 4,347 $ — $ 1,592,707 As of December 31, 2021 Real estate mortgages: Construction and development $ 168,751 $ 388 $ 5,341 $ — $ 174,480 Residential 142,782 3,554 1,154 — 147,490 Commercial 691,863 16,371 8,307 — 716,541 Commercial and industrial 203,630 2,960 73 234 206,897 Consumer and other 8,682 21 6 — 8,709 Total $ 1,215,708 $ 23,294 $ 14,881 $ 234 $ 1,254,117 Past Due Loans A loan is considered past due if any required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were required to be made under the terms of the loan agreement. Generally, management places a loan on nonaccrual when there is a clear indication that the borrower’s cash flow may not be sufficient to meet payments as they become due, which is generally when a loan is 90 days past due. The following tables present the aging of the recorded investment in loans as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021: Past Due Status (Accruing Loans) Current 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90+ Days Total Past Due Nonaccrual Total As of December 31, 2022 Real estate mortgages: Construction and development $ 255,575 $ — $ 94 $ — $ 94 $ 67 $ 255,736 Residential 167,108 147 72 — 219 564 167,891 Commercial 900,895 2,634 65 — 2,699 1,278 904,872 Commercial and industrial 254,824 1,379 38 — 1,417 312 256,553 Consumer and other 7,570 62 — — 62 23 7,655 Total $ 1,585,972 $ 4,222 $ 269 $ — $ 4,491 $ 2,244 $ 1,592,707 As of December 31, 2021 Real estate mortgages: Construction and development $ 173,027 $ 62 $ 746 $ 299 $ 1,107 $ 346 $ 174,480 Residential 146,871 129 128 195 452 167 147,490 Commercial 714,092 1,775 — — 1,775 674 716,541 Commercial and industrial 206,027 99 486 — 585 285 206,897 Consumer and other 8,673 30 — — 30 6 8,709 Total $ 1,248,690 $ 2,095 $ 1,360 $ 494 $ 3,949 $ 1,478 $ 1,254,117 Allowance for Loans Losses The following tables detail activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories. Real Estate Commercial Consumer Total Allowance for loan losses: Balance at December 31, 2021 $ 11,554 $ 3,166 $ 124 $ 14,844 Provision (credit) for loan losses 2,912 2,750 (57) 5,605 Loans charged off (73) (479) (26) (578) Recoveries of loans previously charged off 50 205 30 285 Ending balance at December 31, 2022 $ 14,443 $ 5,642 $ 71 $ 20,156 Ending balance - individually evaluated for impairment $ 258 $ 248 $ 8 $ 514 Ending balance - collectively evaluated for impairment 14,148 5,394 63 19,605 Ending balance - loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 37 — — 37 Total ending balance at December 31, 2022 $ 14,443 $ 5,642 $ 71 $ 20,156 Loans: Ending balance - individually evaluated for impairment $ 8,652 $ 313 $ 34 $ 8,999 Ending balance - collectively evaluated for impairment 1,318,705 256,240 7,621 1,582,566 Ending balance - loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 1,142 — — 1,142 Total ending balance at December 31, 2022 $ 1,328,499 $ 256,553 $ 7,655 $ 1,592,707 Real Estate Commercial Consumer Total Allowance for loan losses: Balance at December 31, 2020 $ 8,057 $ 3,609 $ 193 $ 11,859 Provision (credit) for loan losses 3,516 (458) (76) 2,982 Loans charged off (44) — (2) (46) Recoveries of loans previously charged off 25 15 9 49 Ending balance at December 31, 2021 $ 11,554 $ 3,166 $ 124 $ 14,844 Ending balance - individually evaluated for impairment $ 340 $ 292 $ 3 $ 635 Ending balance - collectively evaluated for impairment 11,145 2,874 121 14,140 Ending balance - loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 69 — — 69 Total ending balance at December 31, 2021 $ 11,554 $ 3,166 $ 124 $ 14,844 Loans: Ending balance - individually evaluated for impairment $ 14,742 $ 307 $ 26 $ 15,075 Ending balance - collectively evaluated for impairment 1,022,497 206,590 8,683 1,237,770 Ending balance - loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 1,272 — — 1,272 Total ending balance at December 31, 2021 $ 1,038,511 $ 206,897 $ 8,709 $ 1,254,117 Impaired Loans A loan held for investment is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due (both principal and interest) according to the terms of the loan agreement. The following tables detail our impaired loans, by portfolio class as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Recorded Unpaid Related Average Interest Income Recognized December 31, 2022 With no related allowance recorded: Real estate mortgages: Construction and development $ 372 $ 372 $ — $ 397 $ 21 Residential 1,129 1,129 — 1,169 59 Commercial 7,323 7,323 — 7,282 622 Commercial and industrial 36 36 — 42 3 Consumer and other 18 18 — 24 1 Total with no related allowance recorded 8,878 8,878 — 8,914 706 With an allowance recorded: Real estate mortgages: Construction and development 92 92 39 95 $ 6 Residential 255 326 90 265 12 Commercial 623 623 166 630 21 Commercial and industrial 277 277 248 298 14 Consumer and other 16 16 8 16 1 Total with an allowance recorded 1,263 1,334 551 1,304 54 Total impaired loans $ 10,141 $ 10,212 $ 551 $ 10,218 $ 760 Recorded Unpaid Related Average Interest Income Recognized December 31, 2021 With no related allowance recorded: Real estate mortgages: Construction and development $ 5,258 $ 5,258 $ — $ 5,261 $ 205 Residential 1,081 1,081 — 1,090 90 Commercial 7,992 7,992 — 7,993 440 Commercial and industrial 22 22 — 25 3 Consumer and other 15 15 — 16 1 Total with no related allowance recorded 14,368 14,368 — 14,385 $ 739 With an allowance recorded: Real estate mortgages: Construction and development 370 370 148 370 $ 10 Residential 633 704 125 636 27 Commercial 680 680 136 682 32 Commercial and industrial 285 285 292 289 18 Consumer and other 11 11 3 11 1 Total with an allowance recorded 1,979 2,050 704 1,988 88 Total impaired loans: $ 16,347 $ 16,418 $ 704 $ 16,373 $ 827 Troubled Debt Restructurings As of December 31, 2022, and 2021, impaired loans included $2,124 and $2,012, respectively, in loans that were classified as Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDRs). The restructuring of a loan is considered a TDR if both (i) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and (ii) the Company has granted a concession. In assessing whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, the Company considers information currently available regarding the financial condition of the borrower. This information includes, but is not limited to, whether (i) the borrower is currently in payment default on any of its debt; (ii) a payment default is probable in the foreseeable future without the modification; (iii) the borrower has declared or is in the process of declaring bankruptcy and (iv) the borrower’s projected cash flow is sufficient to satisfy contractual payments due under the original terms of the loan without a modification. The Company considers all aspects of the modification to loan terms to determine whether or not a concession has been granted to the borrower. Key factors considered by the Company include the borrower’s ability to access funds at a market rate for debt with similar risk characteristics, the significance of the modification relative to unpaid principal balance or collateral value of the debt, and the significance of a delay in the timing of payments relative to the original contractual terms of the loan. The most common concessions granted by the Company generally include one or more modifications to the terms of the debt, such as (i) a reduction in the interest rate for the remaining life of the debt, (ii) an extension of the maturity date at an interest rate lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk, (iii) a temporary period of interest-only payments, and (iv) a reduction in the contractual payment amount for either a short period or remaining term of the loan. As of December 31, 2022, and 2021, the Company had $1,292 and $1,072, respectively, in loans considered restructured that are not on nonaccrual status. Of the nonaccrual loans at December 31, 2022 and 2021, $832 and $940, respectively, met the criteria for a TDR. A loan is placed back on accrual status when both principal and interest are current, and it is probable that the Company will be able to collect all amounts due (both principal and interest) according to the terms of the loan agreement. Troubled Debt Restructurings (Continued) Recorded investment prior to modification reflects the Company’s recorded investment immediately before the modification. Recorded investment after modification represents the Company’s recorded investment at the end of the year. The following table summarizes the loans that were modified as a TDR during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Troubled Debt Restructurings Recorded Recorded Investment Investment Impact on the Number Prior to After Allowance for of Loans Modification Modification Loan Losses December 31, 2022 Real estate mortgages: Construction and development — $ — $ — $ — Residential 2 170 164 — Commercial 1 359 352 116 Commercial and industrial 1 11 11 — Consumer and other — — — — Total 4 $ 540 $ 527 $ 116 December 31, 2021 Real estate mortgages: Construction and development 2 $ 189 $ 178 $ 63 Residential 1 3 — — Commercial 2 537 510 — Commercial and industrial — — — — Consumer and other — — — — Total 5 $ 729 $ 688 $ 63 The Company considers a loan to have defaulted when it becomes 90 or more days delinquent under the modified terms, has been transferred to nonaccrual status subsequent to the modification or has been transferred to foreclosed assets. As of December 31, 2022, no loans modified in a TDR during the twelve months, subsequently defaulted. As of December 31, 2021, three loans modified in a TDR during the twelve months, subsequently defaulted. |