| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Accounting The accompanying consolidated financial statements and related footnotes have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reported periods. Actual results could differ from such estimates. Principles of Consolidation The Company consolidates all entities that the Company controls through either majority ownership or voting rights. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and the OP. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In determining whether the Company has a controlling financial interest in a joint venture and the requirement to consolidate the accounts of that entity, management considers factors such as ownership interest, authority to make decisions and contractual and substantive participating rights of the other partners or members as well as whether the entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The Company has determined the OP is a VIE of which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Substantially all of the Company’s assets and liabilities are held by the OP. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include funds on deposit with financial institutions, including demand deposits with financial institutions with original maturities of three months or less. The account balance may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance coverage limits and, as a result, there could be a concentration of credit risk related to amounts on deposit in excess of FDIC insurance coverage limits. The Company believes that the risk will not be significant, as the Company does not anticipate the financial institutions’ non-performance. Real Estate Securities at Fair Value The Company’s real estate securities are comprised of CMBS and are accounted for in accordance with ASC Topic 320, Investments — Debt and Equity Securities Fair Value Measurement The Company records its transactions in securities on a trade date basis and recognizes realized gains and losses on securities transactions on an identified cost basis. Commercial Mortgage Loans Held for Investment and Allowance for Loan Losses Commercial mortgage loans are held for investment purposes and are anticipated to be held until maturity. Accordingly, they are carried at cost, net of unamortized loan fees and origination costs, and premiums or discounts. Commercial mortgage loans that are deemed to be impaired will be carried at amortized cost less a specific allowance for loan losses. Interest income is recorded on the accrual basis and related discounts, premiums and net deferred fees or costs on investments are amortized over the life of the investment using the effective interest method. Amortization is reflected as an adjustment to interest income in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Upon measurement of impairment, the Company records an allowance for loan losses to reduce the carrying value of the loan with a corresponding charge through the provision for loan losses on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The allowance for loan losses reflects management's estimate of loan losses inherent in the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date. The Company uses a uniform process for determining its allowance for loan losses. The allowance for loan losses includes an asset-specific component and may include a general, formula-based component when the portfolio is determined to be of sufficient size to warrant such a reserve. The asset-specific reserve component relates to reserves for losses on individual impaired loans. The Company considers a loan to be impaired when, based upon current information and events, it believes that it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due under the contractual terms of the loan agreement. This assessment is made on an individual loan basis each quarter based on such factors as payment status, lien position, borrower financial resources and investment in collateral, collateral type, project economics and geographic location, as well as national and regional economic factors. A reserve is established for an impaired loan when the present value of payments expected to be received, observable market prices or the estimated fair value of the collateral (for loans that are dependent on the collateral for repayment) is lower than the carrying value of that loan. For collateral dependent impaired loans, impairment is measured using the estimated fair value of collateral less the estimated cost to sell. Valuations are performed or obtained at the time a loan is determined to be impaired and designated non-performing, and they are updated if circumstances indicate that a significant change in value has occurred. The Advisor generally will use the income approach through internally developed valuation models to estimate the fair value of the collateral for such loans. In more limited cases, the Advisor will obtain external “as is” appraisals for loan collateral, generally when third party participations exist. General reserves are recorded when (i) available information as of each balance sheet date indicates that it is probable a loss has occurred in the portfolio and (ii) the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company’s policy is to estimate loss rates based on actual losses experienced, if any, or based on historical realized losses experienced in the industry if the Company has not experienced any losses. Current collateral and economic conditions affecting the probability and severity of losses are taken into account when establishing the allowance for loan losses. The Company performs a comprehensive analysis of its loan portfolio and assigns risk ratings to loans that incorporate management's current judgments about their credit quality based on all known and relevant internal and external factors that may affect collectability. The Company considers, among other things, payment status, lien position, borrower financial resources and investment in collateral, collateral type, project economics and geographic location, as well as national and regional economic factors. This methodology results in loans being segmented by risk classification into risk rating categories that are associated with estimated probabilities of default and principal loss. Ratings range from “1” to “5” with “1” representing the lowest risk of loss and “5” representing the highest risk of loss. Loans are generally placed on non-accrual status when principal or interest payments are past due 90 days or more or when there is reasonable doubt that principal or interest will be collected in full. Accrued and unpaid interest is generally reversed against interest income in the period the loan is placed on non-accrual status. Interest payments received on non-accrual loans may be recognized as income or applied to principal depending upon management's judgment regarding the borrower's ability to make pending principal and interest payments. Non-accrual loans are restored to accrual status when past due principal and interest is paid and, in management's judgment, are likely to remain current. The Company may make exceptions to placing a loan on non-accrual status if the loan has sufficient collateral value and is in the process of collection. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company had $32,094,441 and $0 of commercial mortgage loans held for investment, respectively. The Company has not recorded any allowance for loan losses as the Company did not consider a loan loss to be probable. Interest Income Interest income on CMBS, which includes accretion of discounts and amortization of premiums on such CMBS, and on commercial loans, which includes origination fees paid by borrowers, is recognized over the life of the investment using the effective interest method. Management estimates, at the time of purchase, the future expected cash flows and determines the effective interest rate based on these estimated cash flows and the Company’s purchase price. As needed, these estimated cash flows are updated and a revised yield is computed based on the current amortized cost of the investment. In estimating these cash flows, there are a number of assumptions that are subject to uncertainties and contingencies, including the rate and timing of principal payments (prepayments, repurchases, defaults and liquidations), the pass through or coupon rate and interest rate fluctuations. In addition, management must use its judgment to estimate interest payment shortfalls due to delinquencies on the underlying mortgage loans. These uncertainties and contingencies are difficult to predict and are subject to future events that may impact management’s estimates and the Company’s interest income. Fair Value Measurements The Company estimates fair value using available market information and valuation methodologies it believes to be appropriate for these purposes. The Company defines fair value based on the price that would be received upon sale of an asset or the exit price that would be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC 825 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes observable and unobservable inputs used to measure fair value. The fair value hierarchy consists of three broad levels, which are described below:
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Level I - Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.
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Level II - Inputs (other than quoted prices included in Level I) are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability through correlation with market data at the measurement date and for the duration of the instrument’s anticipated life.
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Level III - Unobservable inputs which reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Consideration is given to the risk inherent in the valuation technique and the risk inherent in the inputs to the model. The determination of where an asset or liability falls in the above hierarchy requires judgment and factors specific to the asset or liability. In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company evaluates its hierarchy disclosures each quarter and depending on various factors, it is possible that an asset or liability may be classified differently from quarter to quarter. Real estate securities are valued utilizing both observable and unobservable market inputs. These factors include projected future cash flows, ratings, subordination levels, vintage, remaining lives, credit issues, recent trades of similar real estate securities and the spreads used in the prior valuation. The Company obtains current market spread information where available and uses this information in evaluating and validating the market price of all real estate securities. Depending upon the significance of the fair value inputs used in determining these fair values, these real estate securities are classified in either Level II or Level III of the fair value hierarchy. As of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company received third-party quotes on each real estate security used in determining the fair value, all of which have been classified as Level II due to the observable nature of all significant inputs. The Company is required by GAAP to disclose fair value information about financial instruments that are not otherwise reported at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets, to the extent it is practicable to estimate a fair value for those instruments. These disclosure requirements exclude certain financial instruments and all non-financial instruments. Organization and Offering Expenses On October 25, 2016, the Company commenced an ongoing private offering (the “Offering”) of up to $500,000,000 in Class P Shares of common stock (the “Class P Shares”), pursuant to a private placement memorandum dated October 25, 2016. The purchase price per Class P Share is equal to $25.00 (the “Transaction Price”) plus applicable selling commissions, dealer manager fees and organization and offering expenses, resulting in a total purchase price of $27.38 per Class P Share if maximum selling commissions, dealer manager fees and organization and offering expenses are paid. Inland Securities Corporation (the “Dealer Manager”), an affiliate of the Advisor, is the dealer manager for the Offering. Organization and offering expenses include all expenses incurred in connection with the Offering. Organization and offering expenses (other than selling commissions and the dealer manager fee) of the Company may be paid by the Advisor, Sub-Advisor, the Dealer Manager, or their respective affiliates on behalf of the Company and subsequently reimbursed by the Company. Offering expenses are deferred and a payable to the Advisor or Sub-Advisor until shares are sold in the Offering, at which point the expense reimbursement is paid from additional paid-in capital. These expenses include but are not limited to: (i) reimbursing the Dealer Manager and participating broker-dealers for bona fide out-of-pocket, itemized and detailed due diligence expenses incurred by these entities, (ii) expenses for printing and mailing, charges of transfer agents, registrars, trustees, escrow holders, depositaries and experts, and (iii) expenses of qualifying the sale of the shares under federal and state laws, including taxes and fees and accountants’ and attorneys’ fees and expenses. The Company is obligated to reimburse the Advisor, the Sub-Advisor and their respective affiliates, as applicable, for organization and offering expenses paid by them on behalf of the Company to the extent organization and offering expenses (excluding selling commissions and the dealer manager fee) incurred by the Company in the Offering do not exceed the organization and offering expenses paid by investors in connection with the sale of Class P Shares in the Offering. As a result, these expenses are only a liability of the Company to the extent aggregate organization and offering expenses do not exceed the organization and offering expenses paid by investors in connection with the sale of Class P Shares in the Offering, determined at the end of the Offering. Repurchase Agreements – Real Estate Securities The Company enters into Master Repurchase Agreements (each, an “MRA”) that allow the Company to sell real estate securities while providing a fixed repurchase price for the same real estate securities in the future. The repurchase contracts on each security under an MRA generally mature in 30 to 90 days and terms are adjusted for current market rates as necessary. Repurchase agreements are being accounted for as secured borrowings since the Company maintains effective control of the financed assets. Under the MRAs, the respective lender retains the right to mark the underlying collateral to fair value. A reduction in the value of pledged assets would require the Company to provide additional collateral or fund margin calls. The Company intends to maintain a level of liquidity that will enable the Company to meet margin calls. In addition, the MRAs are generally subject to certain financial covenants. The Company was in compliance with all financial covenant requirements as of December 31, 2017. The Company did not have any MRAs and, therefore, no financial covenant requirements as of December 31, 2016. Income Taxes The Company intends to qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, for federal income tax purposes commencing with the tax year ending December 31, 2017. If the Company qualifies for taxation as a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to federal income tax to the extent it distributes its REIT taxable income, subject to certain adjustments, to its stockholders. Subsequently, if the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, the Company will be subject to federal income tax on its taxable income at regular corporate tax rates. Even if the Company qualifies for taxation as a REIT, the Company may be subject to certain state and local taxes on its income, property or net worth and federal income and excise taxes on its undistributed income. The Company had no uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2017 or 2016. The Company expects no significant increases or decreases in uncertain tax positions due to changes in tax positions within one year of December 31, 2017. The Company had no interest or penalties relating to income taxes recognized in the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 or 2016. As of December 31, 2017, returns for the calendar year 2016 remain subject to examination by U.S. and various state and local tax jurisdictions. Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences and are attributable to (1) differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and their respective tax bases, and (2) net operating losses. A valuation allowance is established for uncertainties relating to realization of deferred tax assets. As of December 31, 2016, the Company had a deferred tax asset of $10,832, related to organization and start-up costs, which are capitalized for income tax purposes, and a current net operating loss, and an unrealized loss in value of real estate securities. A valuation allowance in the amount of $10,832 was recorded due to current uncertainty of realization. As of December 31, 2017, the Company has reversed deferred tax assets and the valuation allowance related to its activities. As a REIT, the Company is not expected to pay federal income tax at the REIT level, but instead a dividends paid deduction will generally offset its taxable income. As a result, while the Company will still be permitted to use net operating losses to offset its REIT taxable income, the Company generally does not expect to pay taxes on its REIT taxable income, and therefore does not expect to be able to realize such deferred tax assets. For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company has incurred $58,001 in current income tax expense in a consolidated taxable REIT subsidiary. This tax is comprised of $42,001 in federal and $16,000 in state income tax expense. The majority of this expense was related to the receipt of a one-time prepayment penalty interest received on the early pay-off of one investment. Distributions Payable Distributions payable represent distributions declared as of the balance sheet date which are payable to stockholders. Per Share Data The Company calculates basic and diluted earnings per share by dividing net income attributable to the Company for the period by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for that period. Accounting Pronouncements Recently Issued but Not Yet Effective In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”), which changes how entities measure credit losses for financial assets carried at amortized cost. ASU 2016-13 eliminates the requirement that a credit loss must be probable before it can be recognized and instead requires an entity to recognize the current estimate of all expected credit losses. ASU 2016-13 is effective for SEC filers for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The amendments may be adopted early for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ASU 2016-13 will have on its allowance for loan losses estimate. |
